2308 - THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Fournal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME LII. JANUARY 1 TO JUNE 16, 1912 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1912 3 4 كه مه INDEX TO TO VOLUME LII. . . . . . . . . . ADDRESSES OF A LIFETIME 0. D. Wannamaker AMERICAN HISTORY, STUDIES IN Ephraim Douglass Adams AMERICAN LITERATURE INTERPRETED FOR THE GERMANS Archibald Henderson AMERICAN PERSONALITY, A HERITAGE OF Garland Greever AMERICAN PUBLISHING HOUSE, ANNALS OF A GREAT Percy F. Bicknell ANARCHIST, A FAMOUS, THE CASE OF Roy Temple House APPRENTICESHIP, A Rough . Percy F. Bicknell AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS IN LONDON E. H. Lacon Watson . BROWNING CENTENARY, THE CHINA, HALF-A-Dozen BOOKS ON . Payson J. Treat CITIZEN OF THE REPUBLIC, THE FIRST CLASSICS FOR THE MILLIONS Percy F. Bicknell COTTON-MILL OPERATIVE, LIFE-STORY OF A Annie Russell Marble “CRANFORD,” THE AUTHOR OF W. E. Simonds D'ANNUNZIO AS A NATIONAL POET Melville B. Anderson DARK CONTINENT, New Light ON THE . Charles Atwood Kofoid DEMOCRACY, AN IDEAL, VISIONS OF William E. Dodd DICKENS, SCENERY AND THE WEATHER IN Kate Anderson DICKENS AND THACKERAY - THACKERAY AND DICKENS Warwick James Price DRAMA LEAGUE, WORK OF THE DRAMA PLAYERS, THE, IN CHICAGO DRAMAS, RECENT Richard Burton ECONOMICS MADE INTELLIGIBLE Alvin S. Johnson . EDUCATION, DO WE KNOW WHAT WE WANT in? Charles Leonard Moore . EDUCATION, RECENT BOOKS ON M. V. O'Shea EDUCATOR, REMINISCENCES OF A GREAT . W. H. Johnson EGYPTS, THE THREE F. B. R. Hellems . ETCHERS, TALKS ON FAMOUS Frederick W. Gookin FICTION, RECENT William Morton Payne 22, 131, 321 GARDEN, THE LURE OF THE Sara Andrew Shafer GERMAN POETRY, A TREASURE-HOUSE OF James Taft Hatfield GERMANY, AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S BOOK ON James Taft Hatfield “GREECE, THE GLORY THAT WAS” . Grant Showerman HEARN, LAFCADIO, THE PROBLEM OF Warren Barton Blake HEREDITY, RECENT DISCUSSIONS OF Raymond Pearl HUMANITY AND PROPERTY, PROBLEMS OF David Y. Thomas IMMIGRANT GIRL, ONE-HOW SHE DISCOVERED AMERICA Percy F. Bicknell INDIA, THE ART OF Frederick W. Gookin INDIANS OF THE OLD NORTHWEST, NARRATIVES OF THE John Thomas Lee INSECT LIFE, THE POETRY OF T. D. A. Cockerell IRISHMAN, AN ILLUSTRIOUS, EARLY MEMORIES OF Percy F. Bicknell JACKSON, ANDREW, BASSETT'S LIFE OF St. George L. Sioussat JAMES, WILLIAM, THE LEGACY OF Joseph Jastrow JOHNSON, DOCTOR . W. E. Simonds LIBRARIAN, MIRTHFUL MOODS OF A Percy F. Bicknell LIBRARY SCIENCE, THE FUTURE OF LITERATURE AND THE STAGE IN LONDON E. H. Lacon Watson MAGAZINE GIRL, THE Charles Leonard Moore . MAZZINI, NEw MEMORIALS OF Waldo R. Browne MEDIÆVAL MIND, DEVELOPMENT OF THE Norman M. Trenholme . MIDDLE AGES, A COÖPERATIVE HISTORY OF THE Laurence M. Larson . MODERN LITERATURE, THE SPLENDID YEARS OF Charles Leonard Moore . MONTESSORI METHOD OF TEACHING, THE M. V. O'Shea . NAPOLEON, SOME NEW STUDIES OF Henry E. Bourne. NEWMAN, CARDINAL Charles H. A. Wager NIETZSCHE, THE TRUTH ABOUT . Allen Wilson Porterfield OPERA SEASON, THE CHICAGO . PEOPLE, THE LEGALIZED EXPLOITATION OF THE William E. Dodd . PHILOSOPHERS, SOME OUTDOOR May Estelle Cook . PAGE 168 279 350 159 272 50 121 116 383 87 3 313 21 18 270 431 396 115 77 151 301 469 223 343 356 353 46 460 433 426 390 87 20 265 397 316 348 277 164 314 388 463 12 275 83 75 306 215 394 169 467 40 392 230 309 317 113 85 424 66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41239 iv. INDEX . . Percy F. Bicknell Clark S. Northup Norman Foerster . William Morton Payne . Norman Foerster . Joseph Jastrow 52 Norman Foerster Grant Showerman Lewis Piaget Shanks . . POET, A, AND HIS CIRCLE POETRY, A New STUDY OF POETRY, A NOTABLE STUDY OF POETRY, RECENT POETRY, RECENT ENGLISH CRITICISM OF PSYCHOLOGY, THE DOMAIN OF . RAW MATERIAL READING OUT-OF-DOORS ROMAN RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE ROUSSEAU, THE DUOCENTENARY OF SCHOOL AND COLLEGE Shaw Myth, SHATTERING THE SOLDIER, MEMORIES AND REFLECTIONS OF A SUPERNATURAL, A RATIONAL VIEW OF THE TARIFF, OUR, MORAL History OF TEST TUBE, MAKING LIFE IN A THACKERAY, THE LATEST EDITION OF THEATRE OF THE FUTURE, THE TRAVEL, IN THE WONDERLAND OF TRAVEL AND CULTURE TRAVELLERS, SOME EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, IN AMERICA UNIVERSITY CONTROL . WAGNER, RICHARD, MORE LETTERS OF WANTED: A CITY-BUILDER . WARS, FOUR, REMINISCENCES OF WILD ANIMALS, BOOKS ABOUT WORDSWORTH ANATOMIZED. PAGE 221 464 128 281 228 226 39 419 354 453 341 130 45 461 274 84 162 123 428 263 5 451 166 153 126 49 14 . Richard Burton Percy F. Bicknell Joseph Jastrow Chester Whitney Wright Raymond Pearl Percy F. Bicknell. Edward E. Hale, Jr. Percy F. Bicknell Warren Barton Blake Warre . . Louis J. Block . Charles Leonard Moore . W. H. Carruth Charles Atwood Kofoid . Alphonso Gerald Newcomer . . . . . . ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING Books, 1912 CASUAL COMMENT BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. BRIEFER MENTION NOTES. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS Lists OF NEw Books EDUCATIONAL BOOKS OF THE SPRING, 1912 238 10, 42, 78, 118, 155, 217, 267, 303, 345, 384, 421 456 24, 56, 90, 134, 171, 232, 285, 324, 359, 398, 437 471 27, 59, 94, 176, 235, 288, 327, 363, 402, 440 474 29, 60, 95, 138, 177, 237, 289, 328, 365, 403, 441 475 30, 96, 178, 289, 369 442 30, 61, 96, 139, 179, 290, 329, 370, 403, 443 475 366 CASUAL COMMENT 458 157 44 120 423 219 44 157 269 219 345 386 347 A. L. A. Publishing Board, Activities of the. Advanced Studies, Multiplication of.. Aeronautic Fiction for Young Readers. American Immortals, The. American Public Library How it Strikes an Immigrant Americans, Distinguished, A Notable Triumvi- rate of Archivists, Ways of. Athens, What They are Reading in Austen, Jane, Bath's Tribute to. Austen, Jane, on the Amateur Stage. Australia, Books, Bookshops, and Libraries in. Authors, Dead, Last Year's List of. Authors' Names, An Oddity in... Authors' Union, An.. Authorship, Successful, One Training for. Authorship, The Airy Heights of. Average Reader, The.. Bible, The-The Most Widely Circulated but Least Read Book in the World. Bibliography, The Rigors of. "Book” and “Volume" and "Pamphlet," Dis- tinction between.. Book-Agent, The Beguiling. Book-Auction Room, Humors of the Book-Collection, Moving a Large.. Book-Market, Increasing Glut of the. Book-Production, A Banner Year in. Book-Selection, One Method of.. Bookshop, Decline of the Small. 10 267 10 385 157 306 43 82 423 305 155 346 Book-Thieves, The Limit of Forbearance to- ward Book-Trade, Gold Bricks of the Books, Misdirected, Post-Office Sale of. Boston Public Library, A History of the. "Britannica,” Suggested Readings in the. Browning Centenary, Preparations for_the. Browning Centenary Celebration, An Early. Browning's Mind, The Clue to. Browning's Tact and Courtesy. Buffalo Public Library—the Busiest in the Country California County Library System, The. Carnegie, Mr., and St. Paul. Censorship, Adverse, Free Advertisement of. Chaucerian Epos, A Revival of the. College Students, Favorite Books of. Coonskin Library, The. Copyright, Intricacies of. Cowper House at Olney, The. Culture, Money Value of.. Culture for a Whole Commonwealth. Dickens, A French Tribute to.. Dickens, Alfred Tennyson, Sudden Death of. Dickens and Bret Harte as Estimated and Compared by Carlyle... Dickens Centenary Fund, A. Dumas, The Three.. "Edinburgh Review, The," under New Editor- ship Education, Individualism in :::::: 386 156 82 220 79 119 43 157 81 118 11 11 42 79 80 304 155 458 269 458 80 457 421 347 43 386 459 347 INDEX V. 81 PAGE Educational Chaos 345 Educational Effort, Elimination of Waste in.. 155 Educational Plant, Making the Fullest Use of an 345 English Authors, Studying of, in England. 43 English Study for Engineers, More. 120 "Ethan Frome" in France.. 268 Euripides and Mr. Bernard Shaw 346 "Everyman's Library” as a Travelling Library 384 Fagan, James O., Autobiography of. 385 Fiction, Public Library, The Bay Collection of. 80 French Literary Prize, Award of a.. 458 Galsworthy, John-Our English Guest. 268 Gottingen University, Mr. Morgan's Gift to. 269 Greek Drama, Professor Murray on the.. 305 Hardy's Hatred of "Sham Optimism". 119 Hawthorne's Life, An Unwritten Chapter in 218 Hibben, President--His Conception of a Lib- eral Education 421 High School, The, and the Public Library. 346 Hoe Book-Sale, Proceeds of the... 384 Howells, W. D., Seventy-Fifth Birthday of. 217 Humor, The Attempt to Define... 120 Huth Library, Sale of the Second part of the.. 423 Innovation, An Agreeable. 459 Journalism, American, A Good Word for 423 Journalism at the University of Illinois. 347 Kentucky's New Library Commission.. 386 Labouchere, Henry, Death of. 81 Legislative Reference Department, A, for the Library of Congress. 218 Librarian, Reference, Trials of the. 81 Libraries, Public, Dr. Vincent on. 79 Library, The Worst-Housed, of Its Class in the World 81 Library Assistant, The Intelligent. 121 Library Benefactions in 1911. 304 Library Books, Soiled, Rehabilitation of 422 Library Conferences, Notable, of 1912. 155 Library Economy, Primitive 268 Library of Congress, Limitations of. 78 Library Report, The, as Literature. 218 Library-Users, A City's Proportion of. 385 Library Wear and Tear.. 457 Library Work with the Book-Hungry Immi- grant 456 Linguistic Prodigy, A.. 424 Literary Art, Conventions of. 456 Literary Art, One View of. 219 PAGE Literary Bent, The 422 Literary Needs of the Many. 457 Literary Parallels 424 Literary Piracy, An Instance of 156 Literary Quality, One Test of.. 459 Literary Shrine, A Genuinely American. 424 Lossing's Books and Papers, Coming Sale of. 120 "Lyric Year, The," Contributors to. 422 Misprint, An Obvious. 457 Negro Scholarship, Noteworthy 157 Newark Library's Belief in Publicity. 119 New England Farmer, Books for the.. New York Public Library, Maintenance of the. 219 Pernicious Literature, English Protest against 218 Poetry in America, Outlook for. 10 Poets, A Pecuniary Inducement to.. .118 Princeton's New President as a Man of Letters 81 Printing, Schools of, in the United States. 43 "Promised Land, The," A Postscript to. 422 Pronoun, The Hermaphrodite.. 80 Publisher's Reader, Experiences of a... 304 Publishing All-the-Year-Round. 217 Publishing Dispute, Interesting Outcome of a.. 42 Reading, Active and Passive. 120 Reading, The Necessity of. 305 Reading One Hundred Books a Day. 421 Reading-Rooms, Al Fresco. 347 Seaboard Air Line Free Travelling Library System, The 156 Shakespeare's England, A Glimpse of... 459 Shakespearean Library of Shakespearean Scholar 385 Spelling Match, A State-Wide. 219 Stead, William T., Death of. 347 Stevenson, Rating of First editions of. 11 Stevenson's Autobiography 303 "Suffragette,” The, in Ancient Greece. 386 Tariff Bars against Imported Books. 269 Universities, American, The Strength and the Weakness of 458 Unreformed Speller, Observations of an. 10 Van Buren Papers, The.. 220 Wells, Mrs. Kate Gannett, Death of 11 White, Caroline A., Long Literary Activity of.. 156 Widener Bequest to Harvard, The. 456 Williams, Dr. Talcott: Director of the Pulitzer School of Journalism. 268 Writing, Economy of Effort in. 269 & AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED 429 52 279 27 364 28 323 438 426 438 438 137 177 284 353 17 470 135 136 356 55 133 133 133 437 226 176 Abraham, J. Johnston. The Surgeon's Log. Adams, Charles F. Studies, Military and Dip- lomatic Adams, Henry. Life of George Cabot Lodge.. Agar, Madeline. Garden Design in Theory and Practice Allen, Grant. Historical Guides. Allen, Grant. Venice, seventh edition. Allingham, William, Letters to.. Ames, Edward W. Readings in American His- tory Anderson, N. D. The Voice of the Infinite. Angell, James Burrill. Reminiscences of. Angell, James R. Chapters from Modern Psy- chology Angell, Norman. The Great Illusion, third edi- tion Antin, Mary. The Promised Land. Archer, William. The Life, Trial, and Death of Francisco Ferrer. Atkinson, Alice M. European Beginnings of American History Austen, Mrs. Jessica. Moses Coit Tyler. Avila, Comtesse de. The Thread of Life. Bailey, John. Poets and Poetry.. Bantock, Granville. One Hundred Folk Songs. Baring, Maurice. The Grey Stocking.. Baring-Gould, S. Cliff Castles and Cave Dwell- ings of Europe. Barnes, R. Gorell. Babes in the African Wood Barnes's Popular History of the United States, revised edition Bassett, John Spencer. Life of Andrew Jack- son Bastian, H. Charlton. The Origin of Life..... 348 Bates, Katharine Lee. America the Beautiful. Baumgartner, Miss E. F. A. A Medley of Birthdays Bechtel, John H. Biblical Quotations. Beerbohm, Max. Zuleika Dobson. Belloc, Hilaire. First and Last. Bellows's French and English Dictionary, re- vised edition Bennett, Arnold. Polite Farces. Benson, A. C. The Leaves of the Tree. Bergson, Henri. Laughter.. Berle, A. A. The School in the Home. Binns, Henry Bryan. The Wanderer. Birmingham, George A. Lalage's Lovers Birmingham, George A. Spanish Gold.. Birmingham, George A. The Search Party. Birmingham, George A. The Simpkins Plot. Bjorkman, Edwin. Is There Anything New un- der the Sun?.. Blair, Emma H. Indian Tribes of the Upper Mississippi Valley and Region of the Great Lakes Blatchley, W. S. Woodland Idyls.. Bomberger, Augustus W. Book of Birds. Boutroux, Emile. William James. Bower, F, O. Plant Life on Land. Bowie, Henry P. On the Laws of Japanese Painting Bradford, Gamaliel, Jr. Lee the American. Bradisher, Earl L. Mathew Carey. Bradley, Mary Hastings. The Favor of Kings. Brett, A. C. A. Charles II. and His Court. Briggs, Lilian M. Noted Speeches of Washing- ton, Adams, and Patrick Henry. Brooke, C. F. Tucker. The Tudor Drama. 137 50 402 90 327 229 236 470 164 425 440 174 94 327 432 285 159 398 433 288 29 463 84 288 58 vi. INDEX PAGE Brown, G. Baldwin. Arts and Crafts of Our Teutonic Forefathers.. 174 Brown, Ritter. Man's Birthright. 327 Browne, Waldo R. The Rolling Earth. 437 Burton, Margaret E. The Education of Women in China 89 Bury, J. B., Gwatkin, H. M., and Whitney, J. P. Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. I. 467 Butler, Nicholas Murray, and Paszkowski, Wil- helm. Bibliothek der Amerikanischen Kul- turgeschichte 350, 363 Butler, Willam Allen. A Retrospect of Forty Years 135 Byers, Samuel H. M. With Fire and Sword. 233 Cabaton, A. Java, Sumatra, and the Other Islands of the Dutch East Indies. 24 “Cambridge Manuals of Science and Litera- ture" 59, 94 Canfield, Dorothy. The Squirrel Cage. 434 Carlton, Frank T. History and Problems of Or- ganized Labor 316 Carter, Jesse Benedict. Religious Life of An- cient Rome 355 Carter, John. Hard Labor. 284 Castle, Agnes and Egerton. The Composer. 23 Castle, W. E. Heredity in Relation to Evolu- tion and Animal Breeding.. 397 Chadwick, Mrs. Ellis H. Mrs. Gaskell. 18 Cheney, John Vance. At the Silver Gate. 54 Chester, Samuel B. Anomalies of the Law. 401 Choate, Joseph H. American Addresses. 168 Clouston, J. Storer. The Mystery of Number 47 324 Cocke, Sarah J. Bypaths in Dixie. 25 Coleridge, Stephen. New Poems.. 54 Collins, L. C. Life and Memoirs of John Chur- ton Collins 57 "Columbia University Studies in English". 177 Colvin, Stephen S. The Learning Process 358 Comfort, Will Levington. Fate Knocks at the Door 435 Conrad, Joseph. A Personal Record. 172 Conrad, Joseph. Under Western Eyes. 134 Cooper, Frederic Taber. Some American Story Tellers 57 Cooper, Lane. Wordsworth Concordance. 14 Cox, Kenyon, The Classic Point of View.. 56 Craig, E. Gordon. On the Art of the Theatre.. 123 Crawford, Samuel J. Kansas in the Sixties. 126 Creevy, Caroline A. Harper's Guide to wiii Flowers 440 Cruickshank, J. W., and A. M. The Smaller Tuscan Towns 438 Cruickshank, J. W., and A. M. The Umbrian Towns, second edition, revised.. 438 Crumpton, Nataline. Leaflets from Italy. 401 Cumont, Franz. Astrology and Religion among the Greeks and Romans. 355 Cumont, Franz. Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism 355 Custance, Olive. The Inn of Dreams. 55 Dana, John C. Modern American Library Econ- omy Series 402 Darbishire, A. D. Breeding and the Mendelian Discovery 397 Davies, C. T. The Horse. 28 Delattre, Floris. English Fairy Poetry 236 Delattre, Floris. Robert Herrick. 236 Dell, E. M. The Way of an Eagle. 321 Dent, E. J. The Magic Flute.. 236 Der Ling, Princess. Two Years in the Forbid- den City. 89 Dickens's Works, Oxford edition, illustrated in color 89 Dingle, Edwin J. Across China on Foot. 89 Doncaster, L. Heredity in the Light of Recent Research 397 Dowden, Edward. Shakespeare: His Mind and Art, revised edition. 364 Doyle, Arthur Conan, Songs of the Road. 55 Dreiser, Theodore. Jennie Gerhardt. 131 Drennan, Georgia Torrey. Ever-Blooming Roses 427 Drinkwater, John. Poems of Men and Hours... 54 Dubois, Paul. The Education of Self... 364 Dunlap, Knight. A System of Psychology. 364 Durand, Ralph. John Temple.. 133 Eardley-Wilmot, S. The Life of a Tiger. 49 "Eclectic English Classics". 59 Edwardes, Tickner. Neighbourhood. 425 Edwards, Albert. Panama. 93 Elias, Edith L. In Tudor Times, and in Stewart Timis 136 Elliott, Simon B. Important Timber-Trees of the United States. 439 Ellis, William Ashton. Family Letters of Rich- ard Wagner 166 "English Readings for Schools” 29 PAGE Emerson, E. W., and Forbes, W. E. Emerson's Journals, Vols. V. and VI... 66 Ernst, Otto. Master Flachsmann. 470 Espitalier, Albert. Napoleon and King Murat.. 231 Fabre, J. Henri. Life and Love of the Insect... 314 Faguet, Emile. The Cult of Incompetence. . , 234 Fairchild, Henry P. Greek Immigration to the United States 171 Farnol, Jeffery, The Money Moon. 23 Fay, Charles N. Big Business and Government. 399 Fiedler, H. G. Oxford Book of German Verse. 390 Fisher, H. A. L. The Republican Tradition in Europe 359 Fisher, Sydney G. The True Daniel Webster. 92 Fite, Emerson D. Presidential Campaign of 1860 400 Fletcher, Jefferson Butler. The Overture.. 53 Forman, s. E. The American Republic. 363 Fournier, August. Napoleon I. 230 Fowler, W. Warde. Religious Experience of the Roman People.. 354 Fox, Marion. The Lost Vocation 283 Fox, S. M. The Waters of Bitterness. 470 Franck, Harry A. Four Months Afoot in Spain 26 Fraser, Lovat. India under Curzon and After.. 57 Fry, Roger E., and Brockwell, Maurice W. Catalogue of the Loan Exhibition of Old Masters 326 Funston, Frederick. Memories of Two Wars. 126 Galsworthy, John. The Pigeon.. 469 Gaunt, Mary. Alone in West Africa. 433 Geer, T. T. Fifty Years in Oregon.. 474 Geil, William E. The Eighteen Capitals of China 88 Gillpatrick, Wallace. The Man Who Likes Mexico 27 Goldsmith, Elizabeth E. Sacred Symbols in Art 28 Goodrich, Joseph King. Africa of To-Day.. 431 Goodrich, Joseph King. The Coming China. 88 Gould, Gerald. Poems.. 283 Graham, Fergus. The House of Dornell. 326 Graves, Frank P. Great Educators of Three Centuries 356 Greet, Ben. Shakespeare for Young Readers and Amateur Players. 474 Grenfell, Wilfred T. The Adventure of Life. 335 Grew, Edward S. The Growth of a Planet.. 26 Griffin, Z. F. India and Daily Life in Bengal... 474 Grubb, W. Barbrook. An Unknown People in an Unknown Land. 138 Haggard, Andrew C. P. The France of Joan of Arc 401 Hale, Edward E., Jr. Dramatists of To-day, revised edition 177 Halévy, Daniel. Life of Nietzsche. 320 Hall, Bolton, What Tolstoy Taught. 327 Hall, Harvey M., and Carlotta C. A Yosemite Flora 441 Hamblen, Emily S. Nietzsche and His New Gos- pel 319 Hammer, Victor P. The United States Govern- ment 363 Hapgood, George. Home Games. 28 Harben, Will N. Jane Dawson. 24 Harper, Henry Howard. Bob Hardwick. 322 Harper, J. Henry. The House of Harper. 272 Haskin, Frederic J. The American Government 363 Hassall, Arthur. The Life of Napoleon. 231 Havell, E. B. The Ideals of Indian Art.. 277 Haydon, A. L. The Trooper Police of Australia. 362 Haywood, A. H. W. Through Timbuctoo and across the Great Sahara. 433 Henderson, Archibald. George Bernard Shaw. 130 Henderson, Ernest F. Blucher.. 173 Henderson, W. J. Famous Operas.. 236 Henson, Matthew A. A Negro Explorer at the North Pole 324 Herbert, Hilary A. The Abolition Crusade and Its Consequences. 471 Herrick, Robert. The Healer. 131 Hichens, Robert. Egypt and Its Monuments, cheaper edition 28 Hillis, Newell Dwight. The Battle of Princi- ples 471 Hobhouse, Leonard T. Social Evolution and Po- litical Theory 287 Hodgetts, E. A. Brayley. The House of Hohen- zollern 135 Hodson, Arnold W. Trekking the Great Thirst. 431 Holderness, Sir T. W. Peoples and Problems of India 472 Holliday, Carl. The Cavalier Poets. 360 Holly, M. Bine. German Epics Retold. 29 Holmes, Edmond. What Is and What Might Be 363 "Home University Library". ...59, 235, 440, 472 Hough, Emerson. John Rawn, Prominent Citi- 132 zen INDEX vii. PAGE Hovey, Carl. The Life Story of J. Pierpont Morgan 235 Hughes, Katherine. Father Lacombe. 26 Huxley, Leonard. Thoughts on Education from Matthew Arnold 362 Ibsen's Works, “Viking Edition" 236 "Intimacies of Court and Society". 175 Isaacs, L. M., and Rahlson, K. J. Koenigskinder 236 Jack, Adolphus Alfred. Poetry and Prose.. 464 Jackson, Holbrook. Romance and Reality. 438 Jacoby, George W. Suggestion and Psychothe- rapy 402 Jaekel, Blair. Windmills and Wooden Shoes. 429 James, George Wharton. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado, revised edition. 28 James, William. Memories and Studies.. 12 James, William. Some Problems of Philosophy 12 James, William. The Energies of Man, new edi- tion 59 Jerrold, Clare. Early Court of Queen Victoria. 472 Johns, C. A., and Cook, E. T. British Trees and Shrubs 441 Johnston, Charles. Why the World Laughs.. 361 Jordan, David Starr. The Stability of Truth., 234 Judson, Katharine Berry. Myths and Legends of Alaska 236 Judson, Katharine Berry. Myths and Legends of California and the Old Southwest. 440 Keeble, Frederick. Plant-Animals. 94 Kennard, Howard P. Russian Year Book for 1912 402 Kennard, Nina H. Lafcadio Hearn. 473 Kennedy, Charles Rann. The Terrible Meek. 469 Kennedy, J. M. The Quintessence of Nietzsche 319 Kilmer, Joyce. Summer of Love... 53 King, Mrs. Hamilton. Letters and Recollec- tions of Mazzini. 394 King, Irving. Social Aspects of Education.... 357 Kirkham, Stanton D. Outdoor Philosophy.. 424 Ladd, George T., and Woodworth, Robert S. Elements of Physiological Psychology. 473 Laidlay, W. J. Art, Artists, and Landscape Painting 137 Langford, N. P. Vigilante Days and Ways.. 175 Law, Ernest P. A. Some Supposed Shakespeare Forgeries 326 Lehmann, R. C. Charles Dickens as Editor. 286 Leonard, R. M. Book-Lover's Anthology.. 1 402 Levy, Oscar. Complete Works of Nietzsche.. 235 Lieder, Frederick W. C. Schiller's Don Carlos. 363 Lindsay, David M. A Voyage to the Arctic.... 49 Lloyd, J. A. T. A Great Russian Realist... 471 Lodge, George Cabot. Poems and Dramas, new edition 27 Lombroso, Cesare. Crime: Its Causes and Remedies 93 Lounsbury, T. R. Early Literary Career of Browning 91 Low, Benjamin. The Sailor Who Has Sailed. 54 Low, Edward Bruce. With Napoleon at Water- loo 232 Ludovici, Anthony M. Nietzsche and Art. 319 Lysaght, Sidney R. Horizons and Landmarks. 281 McCarthy, Justin, Irish Recollections. 388 Mackall, J. W. Lectures on Poetry. 228 MacKaye, Percy. To-Morrow 469 MacKaye, Percy. Yankee Fantasies.. 469 McKeever, William A. Farm Boys and Girls.. 360 McSpadden, J. Walker. Opera Synopses., 236 MacVannel, John A. Outline of Course in the Philosophy of Education. 357 Maeterlinck, Maurice. Death. 134 "Malet, Lucas." Adrian Savage. 22 Mangasarian, M. M. The Bible Unveiled. 288 March-Phillips, L. Art and Environment. 90 Markino, Yoshio. Miss John Bull. 471 Marquis, A. N. Who's Who in America for 1912-1913 474 Mason, Caroline Atwater. The Spell of France. 430 Masson, Frederic. Napoleon and His Coronation 231 Matzke Memorial Volume.. 59 Maus, L. Mervin. An Army Officer on Leave in Japan 136 “Medals, Contemporary, Catalogue of the In- ternational Exhibition of". 441 Meredith's Works, "Memorial Edition," Vol. XXVII. 59 Merrick, Leonard. The Actor Manager. 436 Merrick, Leonard. The Position of Peggy. 436 "Merrill's English Texts". 177 Meyer, Max. The Fundamental Laws of Human Behavior 58 Miall, L. C. History of Biology. 28 Miles, Nelson A. Serving the Republic. 45 Mitra, S. M., and the Maharani of Baroda. The Position of Women in Indian Life.. 28 PAGE Mohamed, Duse. In the Land of the Pharaohs. 48 Montessori, Maria, The Montessori Method.... 392 Moore, George, Hail and Farewell: Ave.. 232 More, Paul Elmer. Nietzsche. 319 Moret, Alexandre. In the Time of the Pharaohs 46 Morgan, Charlotte E. The Rise of the Novel of Manners 138 Moses, Montrose J. Maurice Maeterlinck. 176 Muir, John. Edward H. Harriman. 442 Muir, John. The Yosemite 429 Murphy, Thomas D. Three Wonderlands of the American West. 428 "Musician's Library" 236 Myers, Albert C. Narratives of Early Pennsyl- vania 288 Nearing, Scott. Wages in the United States. 58 Neilson, William Allan. Essentials of Poetry.. 128 "New Tracts for the Times". 364 Nicholson, Meredith. A Hoosier Chronicle. 322 Nietzsche, Friedrich. Ecce Homo.. 320 Norton, Clara, and Others. Modern Drama and Opera 28 Norton, Grace F. Little Gray Songs from St. Joseph's 285 Orage, A. R. Friedrich Nietzsche. 317 Osbourne, Katharine D. Robert Louis Steven- son in California. 94 Osbourne, Lloyd. A Person of Some Importance 23 Overy, Donald J. Eidola.. 282 Oxenham, John. The High Adventure. 321 "Oxford Library of Prose and Verse". 364 Padelford, Frederick M. Political and Ecclesi- astical Allegory of the First Book of the Faerie Queene 361 Page, Curtis Hidden. Moliere's Plays, new edi- tion in single volumes. 327 Page, Thomas Nelson. Robert E. Lee: Man and Soldier 159 Palmer, George Herbert. The Problem of Free- dom 399 Pancoast, H. S., and Spaeth, J. D. Early Eng- lish Poems 364 Paoli, Xavier. Their Majesties as I Knew Them 287 Parrish, Randall. My Lady of Doubt. 24 Parsons, Eugene. Guidebook to Colorado.. 28 Patterson, J. E. My Vagabondage.. 121 Patterson, Raymond. The Negro and His Needs 93 Peabody, Josephine Preston. The Singing Man 53 Pears, Sir Edwin Turkey and Its People.... 362 Pearson, Edmund L. The Librarian at Play. 83 Peck, Harry Thurston. History of Classical Philology 325 Pendered, Mary L. The Fair Quaker: Hannah Lightfoot 176 Phillimore, Lion. In the Carpathians. 430 Pollard, Percival. Vagabond Journeys. 175 Ponafidine, Pierre. Life in the Moslem East. 59 Preyer, David C. The Art of the Berlin Gal. leries 363 Priddy, Al. Through the Mill. 21 "Princess, The." Traveller's Tales. 428 Pryce, Richard. Christopher. 321 Puffer, J. Adams. The Boy and His Gang. 360 Ragg, Canon and Laura. Things Seen in Venice 177 Read, George H. The Last Cruise of the Sagi- naw 235 Reinsch, Paul S. Intellectual and Political Currents in the Far East. 87 Rexford, Eben E. Amateur Gardencraft. 427 Rhys, Ernest. Everyman's Library. 313 Richardson, Ernest c. Author-Index to Peri- odical Articles on Religion. 177 Richardson, Ernest C. Some Old Egyptian Li- brarians 94 Richman, Irving B. California under Spain and Mexico. 233 Rideing, William H. Many Celebrities.. 398 Rignano, Eugenio. Upon the Inheritance of Ac- quired Characters. 398 Rion, Hanna. Let's Make a Flower Garden, 427 Robertson, James A. Louisiana under the Rule of Spain, France, and the United States.. 473 Robertson-Miller, Ellen. Butterfly and Moth Book 439 Robinson, L. N. History of Criminal Statistics in the United States. 28 Roby, Marguerite. My Adventures in the Congo 431 Rolfe, W. J. Satchel Guide to Europe for 1912 440 Royce, Josiah. William James, and Other Es- says 12 Ryan, Daniel J. The Civil War Literature of Ohio 474 Sadler, William S. The Physiology of Faith and Fear 288 Saintsbury, George. A History of English Criti- cism 176 viii. INDEX PAGE Saleeby, C. W. Surgery and Society.. 232 Saleilles, R. The Individualization of Punish- ment 327 Samuel, Arthur. Piranesi. 233 Savage, Ernest A. Old English Libraries. 287 Saylor, Henry H. Making a Rose Garden... 428 Schauffler, Robert Haven. Flag Day, and In- dependence Day 402 Scott, Carrie E. Popular Books for Boys and Girls 236 Scott, John Reed. The Last Try. 436 Scott, Leroy. Counsel for the Defense. 434 Scott, W. D. Increasing Efficiency in Business. 27 Sedgwick, Anne Douglas. Tante. 323 Sergeant, Philip W. My Lady Castlemaine. 401 Serviss, Garrett P. The Second Deluge. 435 Seton, Ernest Thompson. Arctic Prairie. 286 Severance, Frank H. Studies of the Niagara Frontier 364 Shaw-Sparrow, Walter. John Lavery and His Work 472 Sheldon, Charles. The Wilderness of the Upper Yukon 49 Sichel, Edith. Michel de Montaigne.. 92 Simons, A. M. Social Forces in American His- tory 85 Sinclair, May. Feminism. 440 Sladen, Douglas. How to See Italy 440 Sladen, Douglas. Oriental Cairo 47 Smith, C. Alphonso. Die Amerikanische Liter- atur 350 Spargo, John. Sidelights on Contemporary So- cialism 176 Spender, J. A. Comments of Bagshot, second series 286 "Standard English Classics" 59 Stead, William F. Wildflowers.. 282 Stephens, Winifred. Margaret of France. 324 Stevenson, Burton E. Mystery of the Boule Cabinet 436 Stevenson-Hamilton, J. Animal Life in Africa 432 Stobart, J. C. The Glory That Was Greece.. 20 Strayer, George D. Brief Course in the Teach- ing Process 359 Strindberg, August. Countess Julia. 469 Tarbell, Ida M. The Tariff in Our Times. 274 Taussig, F. W. Principles of Economics. 223 Taylor, Hannis. Origin and Growth of the American Constitution 172 Taylor, Henry Osborn. The Mediaeval Mind.. 169 Taylor, Rupert. The Political Prophecy in England 235 Tchekhof, Two Plays by.. 470 PAGE Tennyson, Hallam. Tennyson and His Friends 221 Thackeray's Works, Centenary Edition de Luxe 162 Thomas-Stanford, Charles. About Algeria. 430 Thwing, C. F. Universities of the World. 25 Tinker, Chauncey B. Dr. Johnson and Fanny Burney 275 Tipple, Ezra S. Some Famous Country Parishes 236 Tolstoy, Leo. The Light That Shines in Dark- ness 470 Tolstoy, Leo. The Living Corpse. 470 Tolstoy, Leo. The Man Who Was Dead. 470 "Tous les Chef-d'Oeuvres de la Littérature Fran- caise" 177 Towne, Charles Hanson. Youth. 284 Travers, Rosalind. Letters from Finland. 429 Tremearne, A. J. N. Tailed Head-Hunters of Nigeria 432 Tuckett, Ivor Ll. Evidence for the Supernat- ural 461 Underhill, Evelyn, Mysticism. 172 Vail, W. H. Div-a-Let. 27 Van Eeden, Frederik. Happy Humanity. 362 Vaughan, Herbert. Florence and Her Treas- ures 27 Wace, Henry, and Piercy, W. C. Dictionary of Christian Biography, revised edition. 59 Wallace, Dillon. Saddle and Camp in the Rockies 429 Ward, Mrs. Humphry. Case of Richard Mey- nell 22 Ward, W. H. Architecture of the Renaissance in France 361 Ward, Wilfrid. Life of Cardinal Newman 309 Warner, H. J. European Years. 91 Wedmore, Frederick, Etchings. 460 Weeks, L. H., and Bacon, E. M. Historical Di- gest of the Provincial Press, Vol. I. 94 Weidner, R. F. Theological Encyclopedia. new edition 94 Westell, W. P. The Animals and Their Story.. 50 Weyl, Walter E. The New Democracy. 396 Wheelock, John Hall. The Human Fantasy 283 "Who's Who" (English) for 1912.. 176 Williams, Edward F. Life of D. K. Pearsons. 400 Winter, N. O. Mexico and Her People of To- day, revised edition... 364 Woodbridge, Elisabeth. The Jonathan Papers. 426 Wright, Walter P. Popular Garden Flowers.. 427 Wylie, I. A. R. The Germans. 87 Wyllarde, Dolf. Verses. 55 Young, Stark. Thackeray's English Humorists 59 Zangwill, Israel. The War God. 469 Zimmern, Alfred E. The Greek Commonwealth. 173 MISCELLANEOUS 29 237 328 386 237 237 348 82 121 237 60 "American Playwright, The" "Architectural Quarterly of Harvard University”. "Bedrock" "Best Seller,” The Appeal of the. Helen Sard Hughes Bibliography of the Modern History of Great Brit- ain, A Proposed.. Bureau of Education, Library of the. Cavour and a Famous Phrase. Frederick Aldrich Cleveland Classical Degree, The. A College President. Common Gender Pronoun, The. Francis Howard Williams Dickens's Vogue in France. Early English Texts, Facsimiles of. J. W. Cun- liffe "Elm Tree Press, The". "English Journal, The". Ferrer, Francisco, and the Catholics. Roy Temple House Folk-Songs, Kentucky. Albert H. Tolman. Funk, Isaac K., Death of. Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The Proposed Monument to Haynie, Henry, Death of. "Hibbert Journal, The" Historic Records Association, The. "Home Progress' "Humanist's Library, The," second series. Illinois, University of, Bulletin of, Vol. IX., No. 12 "Index to Dates of Current Events" Irish Texts Society in America, The. Arthur c. L. Brown 44 60 60 "Iowa Library Quarterly". 95 Japanese Poem, A Model. Ernest W. Clement.. 158 Jessopp, Dr. Augustus-A Living Link with Lamb 60 Kahn Foundation for the Foreign Travel of Amer- ican Teachers 95 Library Borrowers and Circulation. Ella F. Cor. win 459 McCarthy, Justin, Death of. 365 Macready's Diary, Forthcoming Publication of. 430 Magazine Verse, A Word for. A. W. P. 308 Newark Free Public Library List of Books for Boys and Girls.. 236 Newberry Library, Publications of the. 95 Ontario Library Association. Selected List of Books for Boys and Girls. "People's Books, The". .177, 328 Plimpton Collection of Text-Books, Exhibition of the 328 St. Anthony's Sermon to the Fishes. 8. T. Kidder 158 St. Anthony's Sermon to the Fishes. G. A. T. 220 St. Louis Public Library Building, Dedication of the 60 St. Paul's New Library Building. 289 Sangster, Margaret E., Death of. 475 Strindberg, August, Death of. 442 Sweet, Henry, Death of... 441 University of Chicago, Pension System in the 365 University of Chicago Library Cards.. 475 Virginia State Library, Eighth Annual Report of the 474 Watson, Mrs. Rosamond Marriott, Death of 95 "Winter, John Strange," Death of... 29 220 220 365 60 442 237 29 60 403 176 237 387 --- THE CLENEGIE LIBRADY, THF PA. STATE COLLICE, KATE COLLLADE FR THE DIAL A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE Volume LII. No. 613. CHICAGO, JAN. 1, 1912. 10 cts, a copy. $2. a year. FINE ARTS BUILDING 410 S. 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Send for the Illustrated Catalogue of the American Publications of The Macmillan Company, 64-66 Fifth Avenue, New York THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of THE FIRST CITIZEN OF THE each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, S2. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian REPUBLIC. postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. For many years it was the custom of John Uniess otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- Bigelow to keep open house" for his friends scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription on Thanksgiving Day, in the fine old Gramercy is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to Park mansion which had long been his home. THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. It was a pleasant way, both for him and his Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office guests, to celebrate his birthday, which fell on at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. the twenty-fifth of November. What proved to No. 613. JANUARY 1, 1912. be the last of these gatherings was held a month Vol. LII. ago, ushering in the ninety-fifth year of the life of the venerable host. He died on the nine- CONTENTS. teenth of December, after an illness of three THE FIRST CITIZEN OF THE REPUBLIC . 3 days, unexpectedly - at least in the sense that a man who has carried his intellectual and phy- SOME EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TRAVELLERS sical vigor far into the nineties may well keep IN AMERICA, Warren Barton Blake 5 on surprising the world indefinitely. The tale CASUAL COMMENT .. 9 of his accumulated years, and of the honors that A notable triumvirate of distinguished Americans.- had been their fruit, had made him “ the first The outlook for poetry in America.- What they are reading in Athens. Observations of an unreformed citizen of New York," as he was often styled, speller.— Culture for a whole commonwealth. possibly even the most distinguished citizen of the Mrs. Kate Gannett Wells. - A French tribute to nation which had long been proud of his fame. Dickens.- The rating of first editions of “R.L.S." He had lived in the lifetime of George III., THE LEGACY OF WILLIAM JAMES. Joseph Napoleon, and every President except Washing- Jastrow 12 ton; as a boy he had witnessed Lafayette's tri- WORDSWORTH| ANATOMIZED. Alphonso Gerald umphal progress through the country he had Newcomer 14 | helped to call into being, and had grown up THE AUTHOR OF “CRANFORD.” W. E. Simonds 18 among men to whom Bunker Hill was a per- “THE GLORY THAT WAS GREECE.” sonal memory; as a man, he had witnessed the Grant Showerman transformation of Europe into a continent of 20 constitutional governments, and of his own coun- THE LIFE-STORY OF A COTTON-MILL OPERA- TIVE. Annie Russell Marble try into the most powerful and prosperous na- 21 tion on earth ; he had seen such younger men RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 22 as Hale and Higginson and Mitchell die of old Mrs. Ward's The Case of Richard Meynell.- Lucas Malet's Adrian Savage. - Castle's The Composer. - age, and still he lived on in a world which by Farnol's The Money Moon. — Osbourne's A Person means of his vital personality was enabled to link of Some Importance.-Parrish's My Lady of Doubt. the present with the far distant past. As was - Harben's Jane Dawson. finely said by the newspaper which he helped to BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . 24 build up more than half a century ago, his dis- Scanning the horizon in the Farthest East. - Life appearance now seems “like the fading from a story of a Canadian priest. - Chapters in the New familiar landscape of a snow-crowned mountain Astronomy.-An economical tour of Spain. -A coun- terpart to Uncle Remus.— The world's Universities. -The treasures and pleasures of Florence.-Psychol. John Bigelow was born November 25, 1817, ogy and business efficiency.-"The Man Who Likes at Malden, New York, and was graduated from Mexico." Union College in 1835. Three years later he BRIEFER MENTION. was admitted to the bar, and combined a grow- 27 ing practice with a multifarious literary activity. NOTES 29 His support of Van Buren in the Free Soil Cam- TOPICS IN JANUARY PERIODICALS. 30 paign of 1848 brought him to the attention of LIST OF NEW BOOKS 30 | Bryant, who offered him an interest in the 1) peak.” . 4 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL >> Evening Post.” The offer was accepted and stone in his relations to our Civil War, “Les Bigelow became one-third owner of the paper, Etats-Unis d'Amérique en 1863," a study of greatly increasing its circulation and influence. Molinos the Quietist, “ France and the Confed- At the outbreak of the Civil War he sold his erate Navy," a life of Bryant, and a number of interest to Parke Godwin, and went to Paris as quaintly styled opuscula, such as “ Peace Given American consul upon Lincoln's appointment. as the World Giveth,” and “The Proprium, or In 1864 he was made American minister, hold- What of Man Is Not His Own." It is a cata- ing this post for three years. His public ser- logue of varied interest, extending to upwards of vices were very great at this time of ticklish con twenty titles, and nearly twice that number of ditions in our affairs abroad; he thwarted a volumes, - certainly a sufficient reason for ac- French plot to furnish the Confederacy with cording the author an honorable place among ironclads, and he conducted the negotiations our men of letters. which put an end to Napoleon's piratical ven Mr. Bigelow's religious affiliations were with ture in Mexican imperialism. He then lived in the Swedenborgians, illustrating once more the Germany for a number of years, concerned with curious appeal which the Swedish mystic made the education of his children. Upon bis return to many American minds of the finer type in to America, he was appointed by Governor the forties and fifties. In this case, it was a Tilden to the State Canal Commission of New chance acquaintance made in the West Indies York, and was elected to the office of Secretary that was the cause of the “ conversion.” " He of State. His active life, in the sense of office lent me one of Swedenborg's books. I became holding and money-getting, was now over, al so interested in it that I read it without ceasing though many an honorary position was still to from ten o'clock in the morning until six o'clock be thrust upon him. In the better sense, his that night. For twenty years thereafter I read activities were in full swing, and ceased only Swedenborgian books many hours a day.” In his with his death. He says in his autobiography: political faith, Mr. Bigelow was a democrat of “I was able to retire with a property which could not the old school, to which democracy meant con- be fairly valued at less than $175,000. This was not a servatism, and public economy, and financial large fortune for a man in the middle of the journey of integrity, and a rooted belief in free-trade. The life to retire upon, even in those days. It now seems barely enough to begin life with. To me, however, it protective policy was to him the sum of all iniqui- promised all that wealth could give me. The Golden ties, and he punctured its fallacies in many a Age, in my imagination then, was the age when gold pungent phrase. The protective creed was for did not reign." him “a dogma in a republic only fit for a high- John Bigelow's association with Tilden was wayman, a fool, or a drunkard.” His motto one of the most important things in his life, for was Hamlet's "Reform it altogether," and the it made him a trustee of the Tilden bequest, and “ revision downward” of the opportunist politi- for many years president of the library board. cian was “an idle dream, as idle as baying the His acceptance of the new library building in moon for rain. To expect a reduction of the May, 1911, marked his last appearance before tariff in this country is to expect a dipsomaniac the public. An equally impressive public appear to clamor for water instead of whiskey.” It was ance was that of the preceding December, when only a year or two ago that he penned this tart he made the address opening the joint session of reply to an appeal from the Reform Club that the American Academy and the National Insti- he should coöperate in their work: the stage of the New Theatre. As ex “ When your Reform Committee is prepared to take ecutor of Tilden's will, he also became his official a firm stand against any tariff upon imports, to make biographer, publishing in several volumes the every harbor on our sea coast as free to the commerce of the world as those of New York are to those of New life, speeches, letters, and literary memorials of Jersey, or those of Pennsylvania are to those of Virginia, his old friend. A second literary task of major I shall be happy to join you and do what I can to promote importance was the work done in connection the success of your labors. In such a work I should with Franklin, which included the three-volume have the satisfaction of knowing that I was not even biography, the ten-volume edition of the writ- indirectly countenancing a vicious system of taxation, ings, and the authentic version of the autobiog- quiry for sources of revenue that were not tainted with also that I was helping to put our statesmen upon an in- raphy, which had previously been published in every crime save murder, of which highwaymen have a form sadly garbled as a result of the mistaken ever been condemned by the laws of God or man.” piety of Franklin's descendants. Among his He could be tart upon other subjects also, as in other works may be mentioned a book on Jam the case of his letter to the committee in charge aica, a life of Frémont, a monograph on Glad- of the Hudson-Fulton celebration. He repre- tute upon 1912.] 5 THE DIAL sented the indignant spirits of the men who were forms of government of the people.” Fortunately, to be commemorated as thus speaking: most of these writings are forgotten. “Whoever “ If you wish to honor us for what we have done to has travelled in foreign parts knows,” as our his- render this magnificent waterway useful, restore it to torian observes, “that such descriptions are of little the condition in which we left it and when it was ready value”; and these particular volumes are no less to appease the hunger and thirst of millions of people. ill-tempered than ignorant. And yet contemporary Instead of that you have not given a thought or appro readers came to believe that, behind these attacks priated a penny for the discharge of the first duty which by travellers who had received a most generous re- our names should have prompted you to discharge. Your ception, stood the British ministry, whose policy it homage to our memory is a mockery, an insult, a subter- was to belittle and abuse us. Writers seriously fuge for a Roman holiday, for panem et circenses. Take our names from your escutcheons and replace them with affirmed that the seeming travellers were subsidized the names of the candidates whose political fortunes you lampooners, out of Grub Street. After the second are striving to promote. We have no longer anything of our wars with the mother country, the criticism in common with a city in which politics and prostitution of America took on an even more serious form. are convertible terms." Critics of Southey's repute, wits as modish as Sydney And he closed his epistle in this strain : Smith, all the quarterly reviewers, joined in the hue and cry, - in order to discourage immigration, said “What a dance of death will be the procession up the some; as an inexpensive manner of revenge, thought Hudson of the Half Moon, not the original, but the counterfeit Half Moon, · built in the eclipse and rigged others. For ten years waged an inkpot-battle that with curses dark,' Mayor McClellan at its prow and the was none the less bitter for being futile ; criticisms chairman of the Republican State Committee at the bred rejoinders, strictures, recriminations. Mean- helm, and the aldermen who devised the Building Code time there was engendered in this country "a hearty in the steerage. • Angels and ministers of grace defend detestation of Great Britain which strongly affected us !' And so will the subscriber ever pray.” international relations for many years to come.” In- The appearance of Mr. Bigelow’s autobiog-cidentally, though many “Travels” and “Journeys” raphy, about two years ago, was the publishing tion was made to the literature of travel. and “Journals” were inscribed, no worthy contribu- event of the season. It carried the narrative However, before the kind of works I speak of came only part way, and the author was busy with into fashion a certain number of worthier books were its continuation up to his closing days. It is written in our honor by foreigners or citizens of alien understood that a considerable addition to the birth. It seems strange that we who make so much original three volumes has been left practically of foreign travels should make so very little of these ready for publication. For this, as for his other excellent hors d'oeuvres from our own garden-plot. literary labors, his country will ever be grate The earlier voyagers - high-spirited explorers, or ful, but even more for the example of his life. Jesuits carrying the cross through an unmapped wil- Happy indeed is the man who can earn a mod- derness — make thrilling reading. Then there are est competence, and then deliberately devote the also the eighteenth-century travellers — good com- rest of his years to objects which take no account panions, albeit less heroic. True as it is that the Vicomte de Chateaubriand almost founded the genre of money, saying with our author : “I have com- of literary travels --- at least he may certainly be plete independence and liberty now because I given the credit of dignifying it, as Scott dignified did that. I have done work for nothing without the novel — that supreme rhetorician is not the only thinking about money for a long time.” for a long time.” One European who found in his American experiences could set himself no higher aim than this, a literary inspiration. It is hardly surprising that coupling with it the cherishing of those graces Lafayette, who proved himself so good a friend of of courtesy and simple dignity which made of the Colonies, was an enthusiastic historian of their John Bigelow so very fine a gentleman. novelty and simplicity. He wrote home, indeed, of their patriotism and delightful equality: “the wor- thiest and the poorest were on a level," and, though there there were some large fortunes, he discovered SOME EIGHTEENTH CENTURY no distinction in the manners of different classes TRAVELLERS IN AMERICA. toward each other. Lafayette considered Charleston one of the handsomest and best-built cities he had I. ever seen, and its inhabitants the most agreeable “For a generation past,” writes Professor Mc- people; he found even the inns delightful. But Master in his “ History of the People of the United Lafayette is only one traveller, and not the most States”—referring to the year 1812—"it had been illuminating. the fashion for English travellers in America on In the last few years, at least, American pub- their return home to write books narrating their ad lishers seem to have discovered the attractiveness ventures in the New World, and describing the man of some of the less known narratives of early ners, customs, usages, languages, peculiarities, and travel, and we have from their presses several 6 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL One may coeur. handsome reprints.* The writers whose fame is the unspeakable (albeit vivacious) Mrs. Trollope were thus refreshed are, chiefly, Crèveceur, Latrobe, long since banished from the bookshelf. Let us forget and John Davis. At a somewhat earlier date was their very existence in making the acquaintance of issued a fragment of Thomas Twining's diary - John Davis, poet and novelist, peripatetic tutor and recording that honest Englishman's impressions indefatigable journalist. of the States in 1796. In Virginia, this observer II. notes, hammer and trowel were everywhere in Davis's book, if its taste is not always irreproach- evidence: “a cheering sight, and a remarkable able, is one of the most imaginative devoted to our contrast with the dilapidation of cities which I had then unlettered land. From it we learn, besides some- seen in my former [i. e., East Indian] travels. thing of Brockden Brown, “Father of the American Although the latter," Twining adds, “were calcu- Novel,” and of the “ American Addison,” Joseph lated to afford a deeper interest in some respects, Dennie, editor of “The Port-Folio," much of the the scene of new and active life, the foundations writer's personality. And that is well; for to know of future prosperity which Alexandria presented, the traveller as well as the travels is one of the great made me feel how much more gratifying it is to ob- desiderata in this kind of writing. One is sure that serve the rise of a new state than the decline of an this John Davis was a fetching compound of senti- old one.” Needless to add that the “ Alexandria mentalism and self-confidence, — with the latter referred to is the Alexandria of Virginia. quality reinforced by a strongly practical sense that Such was the mood of America's earlier visitors ; always carried the day. and their jottings are to be cherished by all good He was a Salisbury lad, we know, and, in his own Americans. For it was only a great while later that words, "reared in the lap of opulence. Also, he the cosmopolitan Philarète Charles wrote: “While ran away from home to become a sailor. Europe is breaking up, America is forming herself. rest assured that, in character as in experience, he America waxes great; Europe wanes away.” was not like most of his conservative compatriots. Charles's antithesis was only for future; and it In the first place, he travelled through these States is, meanwhile, a pleasant coincidence that Twining's of ours by horse and sloop and on foot: and I am remarks on Alexandria are pretty closely parallelled always prejudiced, as a fellow-pedestrian, in favor by the Franco-American Farmer, St. John de Crève of any traveller proceeding under his own power. He declares : Born vagabond that he was, Davis was something “We are all apt to love and admire exotics, even though of a book-worm, too. He writes : they may be inferior to our own possessions. And that is “When the boatswain's mate piped Starbowlines, I walked I imagine, why so many persons are continually up the main rigging into the top. I always put Le Sage in going to visit Italy. ... Methinks there would be much my pocket; and in the maintop of an East Indiaman, under a more solid satisfaction in observing among us, the humble cloudless tropical sky, when the breeze was so steady that for rudiments and embryos of societies spreading every where, days we had no occasion to start either tack or sheet, I began to the recent foundation of our towns, and the settlement of so cultivate the language of the Court of Lewis the Fourteenth." many rural districts. I am sure that the rapidity of their growth would be more pleasing to behold, than the ruins of It was in 1798 that he embarked at Bristol for the old towers, useless acqueducts, or impending battlements.” United States; in other words, he was twenty-two. If the general category of books written by early He modestly confesses : travellers in America has thus far wanted popularity, “I had before made some progress in Greek, and began perhaps one reason has been the old bitterness engen- the study of the language of harmony, with the Father of Poetry, and the Bible of the Ancients. In Latin, I had dered by a very different class of visitors. Twining looked into every writer of the Julian and Augustan ages; and Crèveccur were eclipsed, alas! by their virulent the study of French has always been to me like the cracking successors. Now, however, the time is ripe for us to of nuts; and in my vernacular idiom, I had neglected no learn, first, that not all our visitors, even at this stage, author from Bunyan to Bolingbroke.” were Englishmen; second, that of the English, not Thus he was, if we may take his word for it, a finished all, by any means, were cads. The authors named linguist. We read, indeed, all in one sentence, that he should come into their own,- for Captain Hall and “translated at New York Bonaparte's 'Campaign in Italy,' a considerable octavo, and proceeded to the * LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN FARMER. By J. Hector St. John Crèvecoeur (sic.] Reprinted from the Original South.” At one juncture, he reproduces in his book of Edition (London, 1782.) With a Prefatory Note by W. P. travels a considerable “French Essay" of his own Trent, and an Introduction by Ludwig Lewisohn, New composition: accounting for his proficiency by the fact York: Duffield & Co. that he was never in France. “I therefore enjoy a THE JOURNAL OF LATROBE. Being the Notes and particular advantage,” he explains ; "for my style, Sketches of an Architect, Naturalist, and Traveler in the United States from 1796 to 1820. By Benjamin Henry formed only upon writers, can be infected with no col- Latrobe. With Introduction by J. H. B. Latrobe. New loquial barbarisms.” There spoke an Englishman! York: D. Appleton & Co. If his humor is sometimes delightfully uncon- TRAVELS OF FOUR AND A HALF YEARS IN THE UNITED scious, Davis is not wanting in calculated humor STATES OF AMERICA during 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, and 1802. scarcely less refreshing. Both his humor and his By John Davis. With an Introduction and Notes by A. J. Morrison. New York: Henry Holt & Co. amazing modernity of temper declare themselves in TRAVELS IN AMERICA 100 YEARS AGO. By Thomas the preface to his substantial Travels, where he Twining. New York: Harper & Brothers. promises us that, in comparing this volume with the reason, 9 .- 1912.] 7 THE DIAL those of his precedessors, one “will find himself other hand, writes that “ his study was Latin, his exempt from various persecutions,” to wit: recreation the Confessions of the eloquent Citizen “(1) I make no mention of my dinner, whether it was fish of Geneva.” Just as the author of the Mémoires or flesh, boiled or roasted, hot or cold. (2) I never complain d'Outre-Tombe lived out, in England, that episode of of my bed. (3) I make no drawings of old castles, old the Nouvelle Héloise, so did Davis, in America, churches, old pent-houses, and old walls, which, undeserving of repair, have been abandoned by their possessors.” indulge himself (he, too, a tutor) in adventures These are negative merits—and some of them doubt- mildly à la St.-Preux. He even read the novel of ful at that. It is more to the point that he delin- Rousseau's disciple Bernardin with one of his fair eates, in high relief, more than one “original”. pupils — herself a Virginia. If one could accept now and again an American type, still recognizable; John Davis's writings as strictly documentary, one now such a figure as “Mr. George,” the conceited would be almost justified in defending Wilde's Irish schoolmaster, his friend; not to forget the ad- paradox that Life copies Literature -- not Litera- ture mere Life. But Davis's narrative is itself mirable De Bow, a physician with more than a touch of the charlatan, who might have stepped out from largely “literary." It is, let us say, as imagina- a chapter of Smollett or Fielding. He says : tive as Rostand's "Romanesques": where Percinet reads Sylvette “Romeo and Juliet," and where these “I landed at Charleston with Doctor De Bow, who had clad himself in his black suit, and though a young man, wore youngsters proceed thereupon to interpret for them- a monstrous pair of spectacles on his nose. Adieu jollity! selves the beaux vers du grand Will; their fathers- adieu laughter! the Doctor was without an acquaintance on helped by Straforel — complacently performing for a strange shore, and he had no other friend but his solemnity an act or two the Montagu and Capulet. In Davis, to recommend him.. In a few days he contrived to hire part of a house in Union-Street; obtained credit for a con- one never forgets the novelist in the traveller. siderable quantity of drugs; and only wanted a chariot to Crèvecour's “Letters from an American Farmer,” equal the best Physician in Charleston." like Davis's book, has an unmistakably literary mo- De Bow avoided Dr. Holmes's error, and it was to tive and flavor. This time, however, the book is not no purpose that Davis “ endeavoured to provoke him merely “literary”: it is literature. According to to laughter.” Instead, he got his friend the traveller Hazlitt," the power to sympathize with nature, with- to furnish him with “a few Latin phrases, which out thinking of ourselves or others, if it is not a defi- he dealt out to his hearers with an air of profound nition of genius, comes near to it”; and he wrote learning. He generally concluded his speeches with these lines with Crèveccur in mind as one who pos- Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri.” sessed that magic power. He who thinks the praise Well might Sir George Trevelyan write in his too great for a writer so unfamiliar is reconimended “ American Revolution" that these Travels of John to read of a certain battle between two snakes — of Davis's make “ an exquisitely absurd book, which “the dazzling, almost invisible flutter of the hum- the world, to the dimunition of its gayety, has for ming-bird's wing” — of the planting of the sassafras gotten!' tree. But “enough of this illustrious obscure,” to III. quote Hazlitt once more; “for it is the rule of criti- The editor of these Travels takes pains to state cism to praise none but the overpraised, and to offer that here is a work unique in its period, being fresh incense to the idol of the day.” written by one who, professedly a man of letters, Others, at least, have followed that "rule of criti- “cared little for the political aspects of what he cism”: the American Farmer- born a French gen- saw, and asked' no place among statisticians.” (It tleman, be it said in passing — has long enjoyed an seems to be the editor's chief affair, nowadays, to undisturbed seclusion. Lamb, to be sure, recom- prove his book "unique.") And Mr. Morrison mended his book to friends and correspondents ; the goes on to say that “Crèvecæur and Chateaubriand dreamers about a Pantisocracy read it; Lowell called were sentimentalists” - which is true enough ; but it “ that dear book.” But Dr. Eliot has preferred that Chateaubriand “might have written his book to include Woolman's dull Journal in his recent col- in his tower" — whatever that means and that lection a book no more informing, certainly, and Crèveccur “is very disquisitional.” Clever oppo much less graceful in spirit and in phrasing. Though sitions, no doubt; although what has deeply im here stands a writer who uses the tone of an ideal- pressed me about Davis and Chateaubriand is, istic philosopher and the powers of observation of a precisely, their common aloofness from mere mat woodsman, there is only this clumsy reprint to remind ters of fact; while both Davis and Crèvec@ur, readers of his adventurous life and gentle spirit; to like Chateaubriand himself, are saturated with remind them, also, how he tangibly expressed the Rousseau. Davis was, frankly, a reader and ad Rousseauian ideal. Though we have in St.-John de mirer of “Emile”; as for Crèvec@ur, he does not Crèveceur a contemporary - a correspondent, even need to name Rousseau, penetrated as he is by some -of Franklin, yet, while he shared many of Poor of his theories and all of his sympathies. Crève Richard's enthusiasms, one may travel far without ceur is, at bottom, a far more utopian personage finding a more complete antithesis to the common- than either Chateaubriand or Davis; he delights in sense philosopher. In a prose age, Crèvecæur lived spinning out little idylls and anecdotes, such as a kind of pastoral poetry; in an age largely blind, he Bernardin might have inscribed. Davis, on the saw the beauties of nature, not through readings in 8 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL him.” the French, but with his own keen eyes. His powers manner, "not only the objects, but the feelings, of of observation are in marked contrast with Chateau- a new country.” Nor is that all. briand's generalizing tendency, exhibited in his For Crèveccur at least is, when all is said and “ American Travels " as in all his writings. And the done, the eighteenth-century Thoreau: a Thoreau man’s optimism, his grateful personality, his suffer more urbane (if urbanity is at all compatible with ings, are all endearments. This poet-naturalist the thought of that naturalist) - a French-Amer- might have used Cotton's “ Retirement" for a motto ican Thoreau. Other journalists of the eighteenth on his title-page: century were gifted as naturalists : this even among “Farewell, thou busy world, and may the American travellers. The architect Latrobe, for We never meet again; example, was more highly gifted in this respect than Here I can eat and sleep and pray was good Crèvecậur. He aptly enough describes but that he found time to turn the clods withal, and (Petersburg, June 17, 1796) how a Mr. Anderson, eyes to watch the earth blackening behind the plough. with what he considered “a most desperate intrepid- “Our necessities,” wrote Poe (who contended, in ity, stripped himself, and, furnished only with a pipe a half-hearted manner, that Americans were as poet of tobacco, knocked off the head of two beehives and ical a people as any other), “ have been mistaken robbed them of their contents without being once for our propensities. Having been forced to make stung by the thousand bees that were buzzing about railroads, it has been deemed impossible that we But Crèveccur describes how, in midwinter, should make verse." But here was St.-John de instead of trapping and “murthering” the quail, Crèveccur writing, in the eighteenth century, his “often in the angles of fences where the motion of idyllic Letters; while, if he did not build railroads, the wind prevents the snow from settling, I carry he interested himself in the experiments of Fitch and them both chaff and grain: the one to feed them, Rumsey and Parmentier, and he organized a packet- the other to prevent their tender feet from freezing line between New York and a French port. Crève fast to the earth, as I have frequently observed caur should have appealed to the American imagina- them to do.” This is an indication of his love for tion from the first, combining as he did the faculty of the birds of field and forest; he was no less observ- the ideal and the achievement of the actual. ing than affectionate. A German traveller wrote that “in the thrush kind America is poor; there is he writes. Our Farmer emphasizes his plainness, them, interrupted only by the screaming of the “ A letter is only conversation in black and white,” only the red-breasted robin. ... Very few birds nest in the woods; a solemn stillness prevails through and promises only a matter-of-fact account of his pursuits. Yet he has his full share of eighteenth crows." It is well to set beside this passage Crève- century "sensibility.” Since he is, however, at many cour's statement that in the spring he generally rose from bed “about the indistinct interval, which, removes from the sophistications of London and Paris, he is stirred, not by the fond behavior of a lap- properly, speaking, is neither night nor day,” to dog (like Mackenzie), or “the little arrangement” enjoy“ the universal vocal choir.” He continues a carter makes with the bridle of his departed ass (more and more lyrically): " Who can listen unmoved to the sweet love-tales of our (driven to death, likely enough; see the "Sentimen- robins, told from tree to tree? or to the shrill cat birds ? tal Journey”), but by such matters as he finds at The sublime accents of the thrush from on high, always re- home. “When I contemplate my wife, by my fire tard my steps, that I may listen to the delicious music." side, while she either spins, knits, darns, or suckles And the Farmer is no less interested in the aston- our child, I cannot describe the various emotions of ishing art which all birds display in the construction love, of gratitude, of conscious pride which thrill in of their nests, ill provided as we may suppose them my heart and often overflow in voluntary tears." with proper tools." At one time during his long He never returns home “without feeling some pleas-American residence, he gathered the materials for ant emotion," often suppressed “as useless and fool an unpublished study of ant-life ; and his bees were ish.” He has his reveries, too — but they are pure ever a great interest for him: “their government, and generous; their subject is the future of his child their industry, their quarrels, their passions.” In ren. One is reminded of a page in Twining's diary, hours of rest he was most often to be found, he tells already cited; writing of the farms that he passed us, under the locust tree where his bee-hive stood. in travelling from Philadelphia to Baltimore, and “By their movements,” he wrote, “I can predict the the farmhouses “formed of bars or logs of wood, weather, and can tell the day of their swarming." covered with laths and plaster,” the situation of their When other men go hunting game, he goes bee- proprietors seems to him little enviable; but com hunting. Such are the matters he tells of in his pensated by the fact that “ every first settler in a IV. new country labors less for the present than for the -- that other naturalist so long as our principal ob- future, for himself than for his posterity, and it is jects of comparison are style and quickness of senti- this honorable consciousness that invigorates his toil, ment and liveliness of interest. To neither writer cheers his solitude, and alleviates his privations.' was nature a mere bundle of poetic stage-properties, Here Twining renders, as Hazlitt justly says Crève soiled by much handling. And for Crèvecæur, at cæur succeeds in doing, in his vividly characteristic | least, nature was something fresh and inviting and 1912.] 9 THE DIAL had a full of inner as well as superficial meaning. He Ye bow'ry thickets, and prophetic glooms! took more pleasure in hunting bees than in expedi- Ye forests hail! ye solitary woods, tions with his dog and gun; the king-birds destroy but since the “young gentleman educated at Yale his bees; but, he adds, they drive the crows away. | College” is on the verge of rhyming “woods” and To this extent does he anticipate Emerson's doctrine “floods,” it is more kind to leave him here. He of compensations. As for the king birds, he ordi- has been quoted, not to qualify for a place on narily could not persuade himself to shoot them. Dr. Crothers's “ Bookshelf of the Hundred Worst On one occasion, when he fired at a more than Books,” but as a poet of his time and place. He commonly impertinent specimen, “and immediately 'fine eye for nature - seen through library opened his maw,” he took from it 175 bees. windows. He echoed a whole line of British “I laid them all on a blanket in the sun, and to my great poets - most of them second-rate poets; echoed surprise 54 returned to life, licked themselves clean, and joy them atrociously. It is precisely because one fully went back to the hive; where they probably informed finds no such “echoes” in Crèvecaur that one may their companions of such an adventure and escape as I be- lieve had never happened before to Am can bees." praise his spontaneity and vigor. He did not im- Must one regard this as a fable? It is by no means port nightingales into his America, as some of his so remarkable a yarn as one may find told by other contemporaries among the poets did. He blazed naturalists of the same century. There is, for ex- the way, rather, toward our present-day appreciation ample, thatundated letter of John Bartram's in which of surrounding nature—which was not banal then. he makes inquiries of his brother William concerning It is the youthfulness of these Letters, after their “Ye Wonderful Flower"; there is, too, Kalm's re- century and a third of dust-gathering, that is least port of Bartram's bear: likely to escape us. They are, in their joy of living in a new land — in the future, as it were — - fresher “When a bear catches a bear, he kills her in the following manner: he bites a hole into the hide & blows with all his even than are Davis's Travels in their irrepressible power into it, till the animal swells excessively & dies; for humor. They “smell of the woods," as their author the air expands greatly between flesh and the hide." himself did not fail to observe. After fancies like these, where is the improbability V. of Crèveceur's modest adaptation of the Jonah allegory, that he refreshes in applying to the king- For the collector of mere facts, Crèvecæur's work bird and the bees? The episode suggests, for that is of scarcely more consequence than Davis's — and Davis was a born romancer. Neither of these writers matter, a chapter in Ik Marvel's “Farm at Edge- wood.” That later “ American Farmer” describes compares in “documentary” worth with Latrobe the same birds, the same bees; he has, too, the same or Twining — curt as the latter is. For that reason supremely gentle spirit. “I have not the heart to I say nothing of these men's attacks upon slavery. shoot the king-birds, nor do I enter very actively I do not even discuss Crèveceur's idealistic account into the battles of the bees,” he confesses. I give of Nantucket, “ with the manners, customs, policy, them fair play, good lodging, limitless flowers, wil- and trade of the Inhabitants.” These chapters in their lows bending (as Virgil advises) into the quiet waters works are, after all, less instructive than Twining's of a near pool.” Crèveceur himself might have charitable notes upon American inns and roads and written thus ; it is the essential modernity of the bridges, or Latrobe's upon New Orleans, the con- earlier writer that most impresses one, after the struction of the Capitol at Washington (which he quiet charm of his pictures. completed), and so on. All these are matters for the historian. Is there not room on our reading- Yet his was the age of William Livingston—later governor of New Jersey. In the very year when table for the more imaginative narrative of Davis the more a London publisher issued the first edition of the “exalted” book of the Cultivateur ? Farmer's Letters, Livingston (described on his title- Early American literature is not so rich that we page as a "young gentleman educated at Yale Col- can afford to miss Crèvecour's chief performance, lege ") brought out his " Philosophic Solitude," at any more than Franklin's Autobiography. These Trenton, in his native State. It is worth our while are almost the only interesting books written in our to quote “ Philosophic Solitude": for “ land during the eighteenth century, and deserve one cannot write in white chalk except on a blackboard,” — and good treatment. Nor is the literature of American here is offered the chance to compare Crèvec@ur's travel rich enough to justify the neglect of the sev- prose with contemporary verse: eral nomads whom I have named — notably John “Let ardent heroes seek renown in arms, Davis. Fortunately for the reader who means to go Pant after fame, and rush to war's alarms, further in this matter, I have not presented here more Mine be the pleasures of a rural life.” than a few chance crumbs from the table that stands The thought is one phrased with much directness ready spread. Latrobe, architect and naturalist ; by Crèvec@ur. But let us quote the lines that fol- Crèvecoeur, farmer-philosopher; Davis, man of let- low the exordium: ters; Twining, East India bureaucrat: even in the “Me to sequestred scenes, ye muses guide, list of their varied names and trades there is a Where nature wantons in her virgin-pride; piquancy not often suggested by the backs of books. To mossy banks edg'd round with op'ning flow'rs, Their content is ten times better yet! Elysian fields, and amaranthin bow 'rs . . Welcome ye shades! all hail, ye vernal blooms! WARREN BARTON BLAKE. 65 : 10 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL TRIUMVIRATE >> is a good sign, by the experience of one New York CASUAL COMMENT. publisher at least, who has issued a great many books A NOTABLE OF DISTINGUISHED of poetry, not one of which was at the author's ex- AMERICANS is that which includes the names of pense, and all of which have been successful com- John Bigelow (who has just left us), Benjamin mercially.” Other signs in plenty Mr. Braithwaite Franklin, and Samuel J. Tiiden. Both of the latter finds to confirm his belief that poetry is looking up, men were objects of Mr. Bigelow's especial admira- and that better times for the poets lie ahead. He tion, and to both he rendered invaluable services in cites the publication of numerous noteworthy articles writing their lives and editing their works. 'With on poetry and poets in the year's magazines, besides out question his most valuable contribution to litera- giving the result of his examination of the poems ture is his masterly achievement in biography, or appearing in six prominent periodicals of the same rather in autobiography, “The Life of Benjamin period. Also, “ the Poetry Society of America has Franklin Written by Himself.” This triumph of weathered through a useful first year of its existence, editorial skill was the natural fruit of Mr. Bigelow's and is now planning for a second year of practical term as consul and afterward minister at Paris, endeavor in throwing its influence and labors towards where the trial of his distinguished predecessor in the circulation of poetry among the people through- diplomacy seems from the first to have lured him to out the country.” A cheering indication of popular those studies of Franklin that continued thereafter interest in poetry not noted by Mr. Braithwaite is one of his chief interests. It was his discovery in the increasingly frequent inquiry, in the notes and Paris of the original manuscript of Franklin's auto queries” department of many papers, as to the author- biography that mainly prompted the literary labors ship of favorite old poems, the reprinting of which is which were given to the world in 1874 in those also often requested. three familiar volumes of the “Life of Franklin." Unpublished manuscripts, letters, printed corres- WHAT THEY ARE READING IN ATHENS in these pondence, in fact all available sources of information, very post-classical days seems to be partly indicated were made tributary to this authoritative account of by an advertisement just now making itself conspic- one with whom the editor found himself so largely uous in the Greek capital, calling attention to a new in sympathy, and some of whose distinguishing traits series of translations from the ancient authors. A he himself has been said to possess. A certain genial complete set of these modern Greek versions of the largeness of nature belonged to both; both were Greek classics may be had for the remarkably mod- philosophers, and both were humorists in their way, erate sum of one hundred and twenty drachmæ, or with insight into human nature and a power of apt somewhat less than twenty-four dollars of our money. and striking oral and written expression. Eminent Doubtless the volumes will not compare in elaborate- public service, too, must be credited to both, and the ness of detail with the prospective Loeb set of an- active life of each was of unusual length and useful- cient classics, but it may be that they will be more ness, though the eighty-four years of Franklin were read by the people. A correspondent writes of exceeded by ten in Mr. Bigelow's record of longevity. noting a young mechanical engineer reading the The Paris studies which produced so noteworthy “Edipus at Colonus” in a street-car even under results in making the world better acquainted with the discomfort of strap-hanging with one hand while Franklin led also to the editing of the latter's com- he held his book with the other. plete works in ten volumes the now recognized standard edition of those works. Hardly second to OBSERVATIONS OF AN UNREFORMED SPELLER the admiring tribute rendered by Mr. Bigelow to catch our eye in an open letter to the New York Franklin the statesman of the past, was his whole- “Evening Post” from Mr. Albert J. R. Schumaker, souled devotion to Samuel J. Tilden, his friend and who, apparently in facetious allusion to a recent contemporary in public life, whose biography he leaflet from No. 1 Madison Avenue, gives his ad- wrote and whose speeches and other writings he dress as “Upland Lawn, Pa.," whither he had pre- edited But a still greater service was rendered to sumably gone to “observe how gently the sunlight the cause of letters when Tilden's literary executor [of reformed spelling) comes in the place of the re- undertook also the duties of trustee of his estate, and ceding darkness" of conventional orthography. This thus became instrumental in establishing the New correspondent suggests that perhaps the present de- York Public Library on its triple foundation, Astor, plored discrepancy between English spelling and Lenox, and Tilden. Elected the first president of this library board, he held that high office until his English pronunciation may be as much the fault of the latter as of the former, and he asks, “Why may death. it not best be removed by modifying that element THE OUTLOOK FOR POETRY IN AMERICA appears which admittedly is least resistant to change?” This to Mr. William Stanley Braithwaite, in his seventh uniformity in pronunciation, he holds, “is for many annual survey of magazine verse, encouragingly reasons a primary desideratum, and, when attained, good. Writing in the Boston “Transcript,” he says: little will be heard about phonetic spelling." Any- "That poetry is swinging back, not only artistically thing like fixity, however, either in pronunciation and ideally, but commercially, is indicated, and it or in spelling, is not to be expected in a living lan- .. 1 1912.) 11 THE DIAL cance. guage, though we might well give heed to Mr. Henry on the thirteenth of December. Though known in James's admonition of a few years ago and pay periodical and book literature as Kate Gannett greater attention to orthoëpy. Just at present it may Wells (author of “ In the Clearings,” “ Miss Curtis,” afford entertainment to quote a news paragraph of “Two Modern Women,” “Little Dick's Son," and the day: “In North Carolina an enraged citizen a collection of essays entitled “ About People”), the shot a neighbor through the breast, inflicting a wound full name of this veteran worker in many worthy which resulted in the latter's death and his own ar causes, educational and religious, was Catherine rest for murder. A short time later, however, he Boott Gannett Wells. In 1863 she married Samuel was released from custody. In the indictment, the Wells, a prominent Boston lawyer whose name is clerk had spelled breast as "b-r-e-s-t.' The court associated with many scientific and philanthropic held that the misspelled indictment was not legal, societies, but her own work in the world was carried and freed the prisoner” there being no such part on with the vigor and independence of one unfet- as “brest” known to human anatomy. Probably a tered by matrimonial ties. For almost a quarter of shot in the “hed" or "nek” would likewise have a century she served on the State Board of Educa- fallen outside judicial cognizance in this ortho- tion, interesting herself especially in art education, graphically unreformed court. A pathetic New and being instrumental in starting the Massachusetts Year's card now before us exhorts to “ let every Normal Art School. Her pen was a busy one amid noble thot have expression "; an appeal likely to her other activities ; and she wrote especially on come with lessened force to those who were not subjects connected with those activities, though, as “cot” young enough to be “tot” to profit by or her list of books shows, she was not unendowed with to be “wrot” upon by counsels couched in that creative imagination. A familiar figure on the peculiar form. platform and a leader in numerous good causes, she CULTURE FOR A WHOLE COMMONWEALTH, and leaves many to lament her death. that commonwealth Minnesota, is the ideal cherished A FRENCH TRIBUTE TO DICKENS, at this time by the new head of the State University at Minne- when all the English-speaking world is preparing to apolis. “ “I want to see the entire University merged celebrate his centennial, has a certain special signifi. into one great extension department,” says Dr. Vin- cent, “ to teach the principles of agriculture, engi; of “ David Copperfield,” from the hand of M. Max A new dramatization, or stage adaptation, neering, political science, economics, history, and languages. . . . Why should we not take our Uni- Maurey, has been playing at the Odéon in Paris, and has met with popular favor even without having versity into the country districts and maintain a We to resort to the familiar French device of caricaturing Chautauqua at various points in the State? could call them university weeks. . . . We could John Bull. The play, while taking certain liberties with the letter of its original, seems to have caught a have an extension circuit of six uns in one com- munity and travel between them in motor cars. good deal of the spirit of Dickens even in its foreign These lectures could be given in the day. dress. It produced a Micawber, at any rate, that In the evening we could give our dramatic clubs, our glee gave great satisfaction — though whether Dickens himself would have recognized him may be somewhat clubs and orchestra to supply the music, and give doubtful. At the same time with this more ambitious Shakespearian plays. We would take demonstration tents, as is the custom at the county fairs, to show undertaking at the Odéon there has been given at a humbler playhouse a moving-picture representation various agricultural and industrial exhibits. We of various comical scenes from “Pickwick,” which would take with us a model house — its rooms fur- nished by home economic experts. With this there one may safely infer to have vastly delighted the would be demonstrations in cooking.” Truly, the groundlings. There is no denying the universality and the immortality of Dickens's human appeal. educational world moves. There was a time, within the memory of men still living, when the most promis THE RATING OF FIRST EDITIONS OF “R. L. S.” ing son of a well-ordered family was sent, with has notably risen since the time when Mr. Charles prayers and tears and hopes, to the college of his Harrison, à London publisher who now retires after father and grandfather, to fit himself for a learned fourteen years of service with Messrs. Kegan Paul profession, while those at home watched his progress &Co., and twenty-one with Messrs. Newnes, disposed in breathless interest. Now it is proposed that the of some of Stevenson's early works as “remainders” university shall come to the whole family, and to - his “Virginibus Puerisque,” “Travels with a every family, and turn the whole commonwealth Donkey,” and “ An Inland Voyage” going for ten into an aristocracy of culture - or should we say a pence apiece in the original editions that to-day democracy of culture ? command five and six pounds each. What form of MRS. KATE GANNETT Wells, great-granddaughter investment, if one but had the requisite foresight in of President Ezra Stiles of Yale, and daughter of the book values, could be more profitable than the pur- Rev. Ezra Stiles Gannett, D.D. (long minister of chase of about-to-be-valuable first editions of current the Arlington Street Church in Boston, where he works ? But we have to admit, after the manner of succeeded William Ellery Channing), died suddenly, Duncan, there's no art to find the book's ultimate at the age of seventy-three, at her Boston home commercial value in its contents. . 12 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL The New Books. The mind of pbilosophy" is full of air that plays round every subject." It rouses from native dogmatic slumber,” and breaks up “caked prej- THE LEGACY OF WILLIAM JAMES.* udices.” It has always been “a sort of fecun- Two volumes by William James have ap- dation of four different human interests, science, peared since the remarkable man who bore the poetry, religion, and logic, by one another.” “A name has passed away. “Some Problems of man with no philosophy in him is the most inau- Philosophy” is printed from an unfinished spicious and unprofitable of all possible social manuscript as "a beginning of an introduction mates.” The questioning of the value of the dis- to philosophy,” and is addressed to the student cipline is familiar; it twits the philosopher with and the general reader — the latter in respect to being like a “blind man in a dark room looking the writings of James neither an inconsiderable for a black cat that is not there.” Though per- nor a perfunctory public. “Memories and Stu tinent as a warning, the taunt is beside the mark dies" collects the addresses, essays, and occa as a criticism; for the problems are insistent, sional of recent papers years, and leave the alternative of a shallow satisfaction for the most part addressed to a larger circle responsive to the or a deeper one. "Philosophy in the full sense vigor of his thought, the charm of his words. is only man thinking,” and projects and reflects Together they constitute a legacy valuable in its the nature and history of humanity as does no own right, enhanced in value by a sense of mo other occupation. It has its dramatic aspects, mentous loss. Professor Royce places William and makes the step from the primitive medicine- James along with Jonathan Edwards and Ralph man working a charm upon the hair of an enemy, Waldo Emerson as the three, " and only three," to the spirit and equipment of the modern labor- representative American philosophers, and ac atory, a triumph of sound thinking sustained by cords to James “a more extended range of present insight nurtured in philosophy. The modern influence than Emerson has ever possessed.” The world is even more a way of thinking than a way Americanism of James combined a pioneering of living. The real issue has come to divide men freshness of view, a command of self-made power, according as they hold the cumulative philosophic with a democratic sympathy of insight that won impulse of the past to be adequate for immediate the respect of foreign scholarship of whatever and future needs, or hold the fresh philosophic persuasion, and gained him a loyal following at interpretation to be an indispensable support of home. And yet he sowed and reaped in pastures intellectual progress. Among the philosophers, old which he made to appear new with the promise the equally significant choice extends to the treat- of an added richness of harvest. Whatever the ment of the problems that are held to be decisive final value of his constructive contributions may and vital; and if we follow James, in this domain prove to be, his reconstruction of problems to temperament as well as logical perspective asserts meet the needs and guide the interests of his itself, and there emerges the classic academic generation give him the place of a distinguished rationalist striving for a closed system with ab- leader of the thoughts of thoughtful men. stract thought enthroned and its mandates re- James the philosopher and James the human- alized in the world conceptually conceived, or ist appear effectively in the present volumes; and the romantic empiricist emphasizing the vastness there is nothing more characteristically Jamesian and richness of perceptual experience, and build- than the determination and the power to make ing of it and upon it a clue map of the mind's philosophy human, to divest it of dry dogmatic domain. ways.' No teacher of philosophy can spend the As the beginning of an introduction to phil- first hour of his course more profitably than by osophy,” this overture may suffice to suggest reading to his students the opening chapter of the approach to the theme and the treatment the “ Problems,” entitled “ Philosophy and its of its problems. The problem of “the percept Critics": " At a technical school a man may and the concept,” together with the resulting grow into a first-rate instrument for doing a cer- problem of the “one and the many" as the pat- tain job, and he may miss all the graciousness tern of the world's reality, -prone as it is to in- of mind suggested by the term liberal culture.” vite dialectic subtlety and a confusion of solids with shadows,—is far more than a teething-ring * WILLIAM JAMES, AND OTHER ESSAYS. By Josiah Royce. New York: The Macmillan Co. for students or a sophistic puzzle for maturer SOME PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY. By William James. wits. Its solution, however provisional, sets the New York: Longmans, Green & Co. MEMORIES AND STUDIES. By William James. New York: trend of the pursuit, determines the position from Longmans, Green & Co. which the world will be posed. For James, the 1912.] 13 THE DIAL solvent application is the pragmatic criterion standard rule against which the changing fash- the test of all our perplex considerations as ions of humanity of the last century might come meaning and functional workability; and in his to measurement.' The mood is at its happiest architectural scheme, which incomplete " is too in doing honor to the memory of “a knight- much like an arch built only on one side,” it is er errant of the intellectual life," "a leveller this feature that shapes the design, the spring, upward of men ”_ Thomas Davidson. It is pre- and the form of the arch. Hardly secondary to sumably of Davidson that he is thinking when these problems is the problem of novelty, the he deplores the blighting conventionality of the issue of determinism, the struggle for a rational academic life, and reminds the men of Harvard view of causation. World-old questions these, that “our undisciplinables are our proudest pro- but yet differently significant to the modern situ- duct.” “ The memory of Davidson will always ation rendered in a revised version; fortunate the strengthen my faith in personal freedom and its age whose students may take their excursion into spontaneities, and make me less unqualifiedly these fields, personally conducted by the quality respectful than ever of Civilization with its of leadership possessed by William James. herding and branding, licensing and degree- Among the notable qualities of James's writ-giving, authorizing and appointing, and in gen- ings was his ability to state the other side of eral regulating and administering by system the the case. He never set up men of straw; con lives of human beings." 6 The best common- troversy was a means of clarification. He had wealth will always be the one that most cherishes large intellectual sympathies, and free ones, un the men who represent the residual interests, the restrained by convention. It is natural to find one that leaves the largest scope to their pecul- him an adept in psychological portraiture. In iarities.” It is this romantic admiration of the this there is a touch of the Rembrandtesque, re romantic that gave the zest to the sincere ad- vealing in a pragmatic way not a faithful assem miration for the work of Frederic Myers in the blage of features, but in a contrasted flash of obscure mazes of "psychical research.” The high light and deep background what the man classic-academic psychologist insists on neatly or the occasion meant. As is true of Rembrandt, assembled facts, which he can safely 6 tuck in" the acknowledged great and the significant in under his system; he disports himself on "a humbler types of humanity received like treat-sun-lit terrace," and declines an excursion into ment at his hands. In the “ Memories and the shrubbery beyond. It is when “the nobler Studies," along with studies of Emerson and simplicities” pale, that the jungle invites. Even Agassiz and Spencer, appear names which, like the critics, he contends, those who find the the more obscure of Rembrandt's sitters, will thought of Myers extravagant and his lead false, carry a vivid impression to later generations, be no less than the subject of their criticism, "obey cause they were set down in the pen-strokes of the dramatic possibilities the dramatic possibilities” of their tempera- James. James summed up the purpose of a col- ment, express their personal equation in terms lege education as that of helping you “ to know of “the will to believe.” In the didactic vein a good man when you see him.” He practiced rarer in James — the thesis becomes a plea for what he preached ; but of those who might fol the recognition of superiority, as the sense for low him modestly in detection of significance, superiority should be the hall-mark of the cul- few could hope to share his remarkable gift of tivated college-bred. If that fails, all is failure. rendering, which was not a trick of technique “ To have spent one's youth at college, in con- but a quality of inner enlightenment - a con tact with the choice and rare and precious, and tradictory esoteric revelation, in that once yet still to be a blind prig or vulgarian, unable articulate it seemed familiar, intelligible, and to scent out human excellence or to divine it commendable. amid its accidents, to know it only when ticketed This emphasis of significance was deliberate. and labelled and forced on us by others, this In speaking of Emerson, he called him “a fas- indeed should be accounted the very calamity tidious lover of significance and distinction," and shipwreck of a higher education. The col- whose optimism was not “an indiscriminate hur- lege will come to its own only when the college rahing for the universe.” In no less loyal a tone will have “ the highest spreading power”; vein he speaks of his friend Francis Boot, a its mission, so inadequately served, is to raise character healthy and definite, and true to itself. the tone of democracy. By this test of the quality “When a carpenter has a surface to measure, which it furthers and cherishes will democracy he slides his rule along it, and over all its pecul- be judged. The wealth of nations consists “in iarities. I sometimes think of Boot as such a the number of superior men that it harbors.” - 14 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL an old- “Where quality is the thing sought after, the lenge of its inevitability. But James was not a thing of supreme quality is cheap, whatever the publicist, though interested in large causes pre- price one has to pay for it." senting issues of principle. He was a philoso- There is no uncertainty in the tone of James's pher. As Professor Royce observes, it is the protagonism or of his protest. Perhaps to one business of a philosopher to know us better than of his temperament, the most trying assignment we know ourselves ; and he was able to bring was the handling of an unsympathetic subject. that knowledge of us back to us, profitably and He had such in his review of Herbert Spencer, acceptably. As James says of Davidson, so it which is merciless in its fairness. 6. Greatness may be said of him, that he taught, but never and smallness never lived so closely in one skin | lectured. together.” Rarely bas Nature performed an James the humanist and James the philoso- odder or more Dickens-like feat than when she pher are of a nature all compact. To him in deliberately designed, or accidentally stumbled life and in philosophy the individual was the into, the personality of Herbert Spencer.” Con- affair of moment; life was manifold and criss- sider the reach and spread of bis works, his wide cross ; problems were of like texture and were curiosities, his erudition, his devotion to lofty made simple only by divesting them of their purpose, and we conjure up a “rich and exu vital fringes. Organization was a device, an in- berant human being”; what we find is “ strument; the value lay in the organism and its maidish personage, inhabiting boarding houses, expression. What society may do for life, the equable and lukewarm in all his tastes and pas- philosophic ordering of thought may accomplish sions"; "a stickler for trifles, devoid in youth of for the mental striving. “Surely the individ- any wide designs on life”; giving one " a queer ual, the person in the singular number, is the sense of having no emotional perspective”; in more fundamental phenomenon, and the social contrast to other minds, minds of comparable institution, of whatever grade, is but secondary achievement, lacking wholly “ a background of and ministerial.” Likewise, abstractions, the overflowing mental temptations.” Apparently logical reconstruction of the universe in the he sought a field where “ remorseless explicit interests of intelligibility, are “secondary and ness, pedantic rectitude,” the treating of the ministerial.” And such ministry harks back smallest thing by abstract law, a “sleuth-hound to human needs as alike a source and issue. scent for what he was after," " untiring pertinac- Philosophy has “ sought by hard reasoning for ity,” would all be merits,—and by good fortune results emotionally valuable.” The humanist he found it. Despite James's conclusion that persists in the philosopher. the “ First Principles " is almost a museum JOSEPH JASTROW. of blundering reason,” the verdict maintains the quality of justice, and the picture of the great- ness finds no less convincing delineation than WORDSWORTH ANATOMIZED.* that of the smallness of the man. The Concordance Society, which was organ- A like catholicity pervades James's treatment ized at Yale University in 1906, and which in of occasions. He spoke as naturally, as con- 1908 issued Dr. A. S. Cook's concordance to vincingly, in dedicating the “Shaw Memorial the poems of Thomas Gray, has now to its credit to valiant soldiers as in proclaiming the higher a second and much more imposing volume. With obligations of peace. He could characterize a concordance to Wordsworth to set by the side war as "absurd and impossible from its own of those to the Bible, Shakespeare, Kyd, Milton, monstrosity,” and as “the final banquet of Pope, Gray, Burns, and Shelley, and with the life's fireworks." “War is human nature at knowledge that Dr. Flügel's great Chaucer Dic- its uttermost. We are here to do our utter- tionary is going steadily forward, our equipment most. It is a sacrament. Society would rot in this kind is beginning to assume quite re- without the mystical blood payment.”. But the spectable proportions. The experience of the balance of judgment is definite, and the direc- society has shown that there is no serious ob- tion of effort pragmatic. Demonstrate more stacle to getting concordances made, but the ex- largely, more prudently, more reasonably, the pense of printing remains a real deterrent. The equal bigness of peace. Whether the “ moral society is not rich enough to furnish more than equivalent for war” proposed by James — the enlistment of young men in the war against a portion of the necessary guarantee; and the *A CONCORDANCE TO THE POEMS OF WILLIAM WORDS- nature — proves itself practicable or not, the WORTH, Edited for the Concordance Society by Lane Cooper. advocacy of war can no longer ignore the chal New York: E. P. Dutton & Co, 1912.] 15 THE DIAL - - - the mine more. - present volume owes its publication in part to recurring names of Susan Gale and Betty Foy? the generosity of the mother and brothers of the The monotonous iteration of the name of Peter editor. Cannot some patron of learning be Bell occupies fully a column, much to the dis- found who will at one stroke make it possible paragement of both Peter the saint and Adam to round out our collection with concordances, Bell the archer. The first personal pronoun let us say, to Spenser, Bacon, Jonson, Dryden, being made an exception to the general omission Browning, and Tennyson ? of pronouns, I, with a “partial list,” occupies This latest addition is an ample quarto of 1136 six pages (1200 quotations), while me, my, and double-column pages, a hundred lines to the take six The reason assigned for column, comprising about 211,000 quotations. the inclusion is that these pronouns “are of un- It is pleasingly printed, and very similar in gen usual interest in a subjective poet.” On the eral appearance to the Bartlett Concordance to contrary, these inevitable pronouns are in them- Shakespeare. It differs somewhat from the lib-selves of no interest in a subjective poet — of eral plan of the latter in quoting, not rhetoric no more interest than the name of Peter Bell in ally complete clauses, but simply the line of verse the poem of “ Peter Bell ” though in an es- in which each word occurs. The result is some sentially narrative or dramatic poet they might times unsatisfactory; but when one considers have great interest. But this is not a vital mat- the initial ease of mechanically excerpting such ter. Apart from the treatment of homographs, lines for the printer, making transcription unnec it is impossible to find serious fault with the vol. essary, and the very great difficulty of abridging ume, and Professor Cooper and his collaborators Wordsworth's involved periods, the plan will deserve the warmest praise. probably be approved. Moreover, reference to Such a compilation naturally invites calcula- the poems themselves is much facilitated by giv- tions and comparisons. A rough estimate of ing not only the title and line-number of each, Wordsworth's poetical vocabulary, omitting but also the page-number of the Oxford Words- proper names and inflectional forms, shows it worth, the basic text. All unlisted and partly to comprise upwards of 10,000 words. The fol- listed words are entered in their places, duly lowing comparative table, of root-words only, labelled. One is pleased to note, too, a sign of may be instructive. scholarly thoroughness in the presence of cross SHAKESPEARE MILTON WORDSWORTH references, as from stone to corner-stone, mile gabble gabble gabble stone, etc. The absence of these is a serious de- gaberdine fect in the Bartlett Shakespeare Concordance, gad (noun) gadding where, for example, one gets no clue from knot- gadding gadding gag ted to curiously-knotted, nor from flouting to gage gage vlouting-stog. Unfortunately there is a defect (gay) (gay) gaily of another kind in Bartlett that reappears here. gain gainsay Homographs are seldom separated. The rose gainsay gainsay gait gait that is merely a preterit of rise, and the rose galaxy galaxy that by no other name may smell as sweet, are gale gale almost inextricably intertwined-quite so when the line of verse does not positively tell which gallant gallant gallery gallery rose it is. One must scan scores of quotations galley galley to discover whether the poet has ever used keep galliard as a noun or brook as a verb. Uncertainty is galliases added to vexation when sacred Art is found gallimaufry elbowed at intervals by a little copulative verb gallon gallop gallop and the whole labelled partial list.” The edi gallowglasses tor pleads that bis function is not a lexical one. gallows gallows But to have made these obvious distinctions in Here, quite apart from differences in bulk of a few homographs of frequent occurrence, as writing, is interesting testimony to the compara- Reid did in his concordance to Burns, would tively unlimited scope enjoyed by a great drama- have been no trespass upon lexicography. In tist, which is such that even an eclectic poet like some instances there appears to bave been an Wordswortb cannot approach it. If we take undue concern for completeness. Is anything Wordsworth's words in the order of their fre- gained by citing, from such a poem as “ The quency, we find love leading with some 1200 in- Idiot Boy,” every line containing the frequently stances; but the word chances to be both noun gain gain gait gale gall gall 16 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL man name. and verb, and the plan of the concordance does He was familiar with the doctrines not enable us to separate the two functions. of Rousseau, but much further from agreeing See and sight together yield 1400; think and with them than might be supposed; with Goethe thought 1000. Of substantives, heart stands he was quite out of sympathy. He had early first, with about 1150 occurrences; man (with come to the conviction that he should keep the men) gives about 1100; day, 900; life, 700; four major English poets continually before him eye, 700(there is but one nose, and that belongs as examples, and we find them all mentioned, to a hound); heaven, 650; nature, 600. All with a frequency in the inverse order of their of which, perhaps, is sufficiently obvious. A time— Milton fifteen, Shakespeare ten, Spenser poet, like other men, is most indebted to his six, Chaucer four times. Burns, whom he placed eyes, and still more than other men speaks from second to Chaucer in “ the natural and sensual and to the heart. And the most superficial school,” is found five times. Pope is not men- acquaintance with Wordsworth suffices to show tioned, though Gray, Goldsmith, and Chatterton that intense delight in all that meets the eye, are. His own name occurs twice, and Coleridge's sympathy with nature, and love in the heart of three times, but the latter was very often ad- man, are the axes upon which his poetry revolves. dressed simply as “ Friend.” Scott, Southey, It is not easy to classify natural objects in the Lamb, and Crabbe are also named. Byron, who order of his interest, but the earth appears to ridiculed him, Shelley, who burlesqued his poetry come first, with its hills and valleys; next, the and reproached him for his social apostasy, and sky, with its varying phenomena; while flowers, Keats, who paid him a youthful but sincere tri- trees, and birds follow. Perhaps this placing bute, are passed over in silence. before animate nature that which is ordinarily Naturally, the vocabulary of one who held a regarded as inanimate is not without significance. pronounced theory of poetic diction is invested In particular, Wordsworth's eye for the larger with exceptional interest. We have come now features of landscape is well attested by some of to a better understanding of that theory than the finest passages in “The Prelude” and “The when we accepted Coleridge's too narrow view Excursion.” Herein he differs considerably of it. We know that when Wordsworth con- from Keats and Tennyson, who took delight in tended for “language really used by men ” he detail and are rich in “ botanical circumstance." was only revolting from poetic artificiality, and Tennyson's flora contains 220 names from the had no intention of descending always to the plant-world (Shakespeare has 150). Words- level of rustic speech. That might be done, or worth cannot have more than half this number. it might not be done; only let the language re- For example, while both have barley, bay, beech, main the natural expression of the thought be- etc., Tennyson alone has bamboo, bean, black- hind it. This view is fully borne out by the thorn, bluebell, bluebottle, bracken, briony, concordance. From merely glancing through bulrush, burdock. The only plant found in it, one gains the general impression that, for the Wordsworth from a to d which is not in Tenny- particular (undramatic) range of Wordsworth’s son is the buttercup. He has no anemone, no verse, his vocabulary is extremely apt-natural, clematis, no mistletoe; even the daffodil, so rational, broadly eclectic, and satisfying. Ex- memorably associated with his name, occurs but clusive of specialized activities, and of some three times (in two poems), as against seven of the more comic or vulgar aspects of life, he times in the later poet. There are no rose-leaves, covered pretty much the whole human field. no unmetaphorical rose-buds, and but a single We are too prone to think of him as exclusively glimpse of petals. For gleanings of this sort, the poet of his rustic environment. His youth his sister Dorothy's journal affords a much was rich in human experience; and never, even richer field. in his retirement, did he cease to survey man- Books, we know, held but a secondary place kind from China to Peru, or to draw into his in Wordsworth's scheme of human education. world of nature the world of books and men. Yet he read much, and it would be difficult to On the same pages that glow with hosts of clouds find a more generous tribute to the consecrated or of golden daffodils, are echoes of the tramp- works of Bard and Sage” than the benediction ling hosts of the French Revolution. Empires pronounced upon them in the fifth book of “ The and republics, lawyers and judges, arguments Prelude." Enshrined in his poems are the and appeals, churches, theatres, factories, mer- names of Homer, Plato, Horace, Virgil, Dante, chants, mountebanks,“ chants, mountebanks, “chattering monkeys Petrarch, Tasso, Camoens, and Cervantes. Ex- dangling from their poles, and children whirling cept Voltaire, there seems to be no French or Ger- | in their roundabouts,” enter with freedom into 1912.] 17 THE DIAL the verse. And each of these things is unob- Critics, courtiers, and Cupids almost disappear. trusively designated by its rightful name. The Doris and Chloe give way to Mary and Lucy. language never descends quite as low as Burns's, Sympathy finds a place among human affections, nor rises quite as high as Shelley's; but it ap- and tranquillity among human blessings. At proaches both, and its range is greater than that the same time, old traces persist, and not alto- of either. We may look in vain for “ Auld gether in the early poems. We still hear much Clootie" and the "whisky gills” and “swag- whisky gills ” and “swag- of Fancy, and more of Poesy than poetry. The gering blades" that belonged to what Matthew air is still sometimes the æther, and the ocean Arnold characterized as the “ sordid world of the brine. There are occasional ambient streams Scotch drink, Scotch religion, and Scotch man and glassy foods, scaly tribes and feathered ners.” But, what with horn tobacco-boxes, and kinds, and the sportsman's gun has only partly flannels, and cloaks of duffle grey, we are intro- displaced the thundering tube. Yet in the main duced into a world as humble, if not as coarse. this element is negligible, or abundantly com- Indeed, we narrowly escape the coarseness. pensated for by such happier reminiscences as “But I will bang your bones !” says Peter Spenser’s “ budded brooms” and Milton's “ gad- Bell to the Ass, in the first edition of that poem ding vine.” More often still, Wordsworth is (compare Burns : “ An' I shall bang your hide, entirely true to himself; and when the spirit at guidman"); but the phrase was, however re its divinest descends upon him, he is unexcelled luctantly, excised, and this concordance is inno- by any poet in his power to blend words, thought, cent of it, – as it is likewise innocent of that and imagery into one perfect music : ghastly punch-sipping, tea-sipping “party in a “ A thought is with me sometimes, and I say, parlour, Crammed just as they on earth were Should the whole frame of earth by inward throes crammed.” On the other hand, the full radi- Be wrenched, or fire come down from far to scorch Her pleasant habitations, and dry up ance and resonance of Shelley's vocabulary are Old Ocean, in his bed left singed and bare, beyond Wordsworth's reach. This should go Yet would the living Presence still subsist without saying: shepherded, legioned, hyaline, Victorious, and composure would ensue, enanguished, rose-ensanguined, star-inwoven, And kindlings like the morning — presage sure whirlwind-peopled, lightning-braided, these Of day returning and of life revived." are native to but one poet in the language. But The quotation brings with it a kind of rebuke though this diction was not native to Words for the triviality of the divagations into which worth's genius, and though he would never have we have been led - a rebuke that seems to go deliberately sought for intrinsically “poetic back to the concordance itself, prompting the words, as Rossetti for instance is known to old question, Cui bono? Was it really worth have done, — he was manifestly neither insen- the labor to tear asunder this living tissue, and sible nor hostile to them. He would not go out reassemble, in alphabetical unreason, the dead re- of his way for such words as argent, aureate, mains? “A subterraneous magazine of bones”! damask, madrigal, nectar, and, as a matter of With what emotions would Wordsworth himself fact, he has none of these ; yet he has words have contemplated these disjecta membra of of the same class - orient, aërial, diadem, what is perhaps the most indissolubly organic amaranthine, sylvan— together with now and body of verse the language possesses? We then such arresting vocables as diaphanous, cannot answer. But there is reassurance in the prelibations, lacrymals, barricadoed. The thought that the very organic quality of his work presence of these, in however small numbers, gives the concordance one of its best excuses for proves the point for his eclectic vocabulary, and being. Now, thanks to the unselfish zeal of the confirms, moreover, his statement that he had compilers, we shall be able to read more clearly from a very early age found words “sweet for than heretofore the message which that great and their own sakes, a passion, and a power." “dedicated Spirit” labored so unremittingly to It is true, the eighteenth century diction still leave. ALPHONSO GERALD NEWCOMER. lingered with him, contributing some stiffness to the general texture. The century itself he The French and English Dictionary compiled by quite left behind, and one who desires an object- John Bellows, and now revised and enlarged by his lesson need but place the concordances to Pope son, Mr. William Bellows, with the collaboration of and Wordsworth side by side. Pope's two col- MM. Marrot and Friteau, is a volume of moderate size umns of “ wit” shrink to only a fifth of a column which has for its distinguishing feature the grouping of the French-English and English-French vocabularies in the four times more bulky volume, while bis upon the same page. There are also ingenious typo- single "cottage” is multiplied by a hundred. I graphical devices for helping the student. 18 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL other's word. In the novel “ Mary Barton," she THE AUTHOR OF “CRANFORD.” describes the taking of an orphan babe by a long A little more than a year ago occurred the and wearisome stage-coach journey from London centenary of the author of "Cranford " -- for to Manchester, which is an incident in her own it is inevitable that as the author of “Cranford” life-story, for, when one year old, she was herself Elizabeth Gaskell will be remembered, notwith thus taken over the same route. “My Lady standing her other substantial contributions to Ludlow” embodies the experiences of her two literature in the way of novels, tales, and biog. years' residence in the private school at Strat- raphy. A handsome volume, richly illustrated ford, the author figuring in the story as Margaret and cleverly planned, comes to us now as one of Dawson. Another of Mrs. Gaskell's characters the after-fruits of the anniversary. No formal may be identified as a portrait of herself, and this biography of Mrs. Gaskell has ever been pro is Margaret Hale, in North and South.” The duced, and although one or two biographies character of William Hale in this same novel is have been promised, it is hardly probable that obviously suggested by her father, William Stev- such a work will soon appear. It was Mrs. enson. It has not been generally known that the Gaskell's earnest wish that her life should not character of Roger Hamley is a portraiture of the be written or her letters published; and her scientist Charles Darwin, to whom Mrs. Gaskell daughters, who were her literary executors, have was distantly related. “Cranford,” of course, sacredly regarded their mother's wish. But Mrs. is rich in material drawn directly from life. Chadwick, the author of this very interesting Captain Brown, Thomas Holbrook, the Honor- book, has utilized material unconsciously sup- able Mrs. Jamieson and Mrs. Fitz Adam were plied by the novelist herself. well-known residents in the little community that Mrs. Gaskell, it seems, made constant use of was described under the name of Cranford. Miss facts that, at one time or another, had occurred Jenkyns (Deborah) and Miss Matty were cousins in her own experience, and in portraying the of the novelist. The original of Deborah died characters that figure in her stories she drew in 1883 (she was born in 1800), and Miss Mat- frequently from real personalities around ber.ty's prototype survived until 1887, reaching the Many of her relatives were more or less eccen age of eighty-five. The famous sedan chair is tric, or, as we say, "original,” and the novelist, still in existence, and is used on certain festive who was a keen observer of persons, delight occasions. Betsy Barker's cow, clad in dark grey ing in the discovery of idiosyncracies and flannel, lives yet in tradition; and so does the amusing twists of temperament, reflected these cat that swallowed the lace. quite innocently in her narratives. She was, in While many of these allusions have long since fact, usually surprised when the similitude was been explained, particularly those that occur in pointed out. “ Cranford," many new identifications are here • My mother never meant to put real people presented ; and those who have read and ad- into her stories," writes one of Mrs. Gaskell's mired the works of Mrs. Gaskell will find the daughters, “but even her children would some scant biographical narrative hitherto available times recognize the characters and say, 'Oh! now amplified and illuminated with characters So-and-so is just like Mr. Blank, and she and scenes that add much to its vividness and would reply, “So he is, but I never meant it for not a little to its details. When William Stevenson, the scholarly con- This tendency to reproduce actual facts and tributor to encyclopædias and reviews, living in real personalities in her novels, and also the habit Chelsea, bereft of his wife, contemplated the prob- of describing under fictitious names the places lem how best to provide for the care and com- with which she was associated, make her narra fort of an infant daughter hardly a year old, it tives an interesting field of study in the search was a happy solution that consigned the mother- for further knowledge concerning their author; less babe to an aunt in the rural town of Knuts- and this field has been carefully gleaned by Mrs. ford in Cheshire. A happy solution it was for Chadwick. Thus, we are told that in “ Cousin the child who thus came to pass the years of her Phillis " we have the love-story of Mrs. Gaskell's girlhood in an atmosphere of affection, in the parents; the heroine, in essential features, por midst of a harmonious and peaceful community traying the mother whom she knew only by an- characterized by quaint customs and habits ami- * Mrs. Gaskell: Haunts, HOMES, AND STORIES. By ably peculiar; it was also a happy chance for Mrs. Ellis H. Chadwick, New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. many a future reader whose heart has been him.'» 1912.] 19 THE DIAL warmed by the genial glow of those early years, ner and kindly tact she constantly tried to lead as he has found it reflected in the graceful them into ways of improvement morally and sketches of “ Cranford.” mentally. “ My dear adopted native town,” she calls it The first novel, “ Mary Barton,” grew out of many years later; and it was that indeed to the life that surrounded the Gaskells. It was Elizabeth Stevenson. Her mother was born on a realistic study of the industrial situation in a near-by farm, and this mother's sister, kindly Manchester, and portrayed the condition of the Mrs. Lumb, now became the only mother that operatives in the mills during that disastrous pe- Elizabeth ever knew. In six of her stories, Mrs. riod known in England as “the hungry forties.” Gaskell introduces Knutsford as the scene of the The story brought a plea for patience with the narrative — disguising, of course, the name. It poor. This novel provoked not a little criticism, is, however, the classic “ Cranford” that con but the power of the narrative was quickly stitutes the epic of this famous little town. Here recognized and praised by many readers, among we feel the atmosphere of peaceful, leisurely quiet whom were Charlotte Brontë and Charles Dick- that brooded over this typical English village ens. In 1850 Dickens invited the author of a hundred years ago ; here we meet the simple Mary Barton " to become a contributor to the minded characters that composed its society, magazine “Household Words,” which he was absorbed in their small round of commonplace then projecting ; and to the first number of that events: their formal calls, their card-parties, and publication Mrs. Gaskell contributed the short their teas a round of trivialities amid which story “Lizzie Leigh.” story “Lizzie Leigh.” The first instalment of the announcement of an engagement is as start “Cranford” appeared in the same magazine in ling as the explosion of a bomb. Marry!' | December, 1851. This work was not planned said Miss Matty once again. Well! I never as a novel, and owed its continuance to the pop- thought of it. Two people that we know going ularity of the opening sketch. In this manner to be married. It's coming very near.'” Here the successive sketches appeared under titles too we see them bravely practicing their “ ele- like “ Our Society at Cranford,” “ A Love Af- gant economies "; very strict in their reverence fair at Cranford," "The Great Panic at Cran- for etiquette, innocently greedy of gossip, and ford,” etc. This fact explains the rather loose withal thoroughly human in their joys and connection of the narratives and the lack of or- griefs. ganic structure that is demanded in a novel; but In 1832 Elizabeth Stevenson was married to the peculiarity in composition has taken nothing the Rev. William Gaskell, a young Unitarian from the charm of the work. Who ever read minister in Manchester, the neighboring city “Cranford ” without delight ? and who that Drumble, as it is called in Cranford.” The reads at all has not read this little masterpiece marriage was solemnized in Knutsford Church; of humor and pathos? and the dwellers in the town united to make this The earlier writings of Mrs. Gaskell, with the a gala occasion. The married life of the Gas- exception of “Cranford,” deal mainly with the kells was ideally happy. The husband's tastes simple and often tragic annals of the poor. The were those of his wife; deeply interested in her moral trials of her lowly characters, accentuated literary success, he stimulated and encouraged and intensified by the severe conditions of their her every effort. life, stirred her heart profoundly. There is of It was, however, a very busy life on which necessity a large measure of sadness and shadow the young bride entered, and it was ten years in these tales. In her later stories, notably in or more before her career as a writer began. “Cousin Phillis” and “Wives and Daughters," Both husband and wife were sincerely interested the novelist enters a sunnier field of fiction ; the in the welfare of the people about them. Quick atmosphere is bright and cheerful. Overshad- and tender in her sympathies, Mrs. Gaskell at owed by the genius of more famous novelists, once assumed her share of the obligations that the talents and achievements of the author of fall to the lot of a devoted minister and his wife. “Cranford ” have possibly been underestimated She organized a sewing class among the working in the past; but the interest shown in the recent girls who met every Saturday evening in the anniversary of her birth, and the appearance of minister's house. When they were ill she visited the notable volume here reviewed, are evidence and nursed them; more than once she received of Elizabeth Gaskell's enduring hold upon the such patients into her own home that they might affection of readers of to-day. have proper food and care. With gentle man- W. E. SIMONDS. > 20 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL “THE GLORY THAT WAS GREECE."* do not dominate the subject-matter are as com- prehensive as the text itself. Landscape, archi- “Never in all the world's history was there such a leap of civilization as in Greece of the fifth century. In tecture, sculpture, vases, and painting, are all one town of about thirty thousand citizens during the generously represented. Greek literature, too, lifetime of a man and his father these things occurred: is called upon to contribute the rare light and A world-conquering power was shattered forever, a grace of which it is capable. The book is in the naval empire was built up, the drama was developed to nature of anthology and art collection all in one. full stature, sculpture grew from crude infancy to a height it has never yet surpassed, painting became a Mr. Stobart's work may be further described fine art, architecture rose from clumsiness to the limit as one of the products of mitigated specialization of its possibilities in one direction, history was consum for which the world has of late been crying out. mated as a scientific art, the most influential of philoso It has its faults, to be sure, but they are neither phies was begotten. And all this under no fostering despot, but in the extreme human limit of liberty, numerous nor serious. The reader should not equality, and fraternity. One Athenian family might be left with the impression that the second stra- have known Miltiades, Themistocles, Æschylus, Sopho- tum of the Schliemann excavation was the Troy cles, Euripides, Socrates, Pheidias, Pericles, Anaxagoras, of Homer; someone blundered by inserting a Aristophanes, Herodotus, Thucydides, Polygnotus, and second picture of the Theseum in the place of Ictinus." the fine old temple at Pæstum, which we should Such was the Grand Century, concerning the enjoy much more; the binding of the volume significance of which so many men whose ac- is hardly dignified enough to be in keeping quaintance with the Greek language is nothing, with the contents; and the author is almost too and whose knowledge of history begins with the fond of emphasizing his disagreements with other day before yesterday, are wont to be skeptical. scholars. But these matters are hardly worth If the true test of a State is the number of men mention. The reader will enjoy Mr. Stobart's and movements it produces that enjoy enduring independence and his flashes of vivacity, and will fame and influence, Athens, with her little citi. admire him for his gift of judgment in the ex- zenship of a score and a half of thousands, was clusion of irrelevant matter, and for his sympa- a far more significant factor in human progress thetic setting forth of what is really significant. than any capital of modern times. Before con- He makes no pretense of recording all the facts, cluding that the importance of Hellenic culture nor indeed of knowing them all, though every has been exaggerated, the practically educated page indicates easy command of the subject. His (or uneducated) metropolitan boaster should work is not of the sort which the Gentle Reader stop and count up the men of his own city's his- describes, in which “ There are exhaustive argu- tory who are likely to be remembered for twenty- ments now on the one side and now on the other, five hundred years; or he should take some pains which exactly balance one another. There are to ascertain what would be left of the fabric of references to bulky volumes, where at the foot modern civilization if the Greek strands were of every page the notes run along, like little drawn out of it. angry dogs barking at the text.” His purpose “ The Glory That Was Greece" is an admir- is to make his presentation popular in the best able performance, and both scholar and general sense by reciting the essential facts regarding reader will be thankful for it, and will look for- Hellenic culture and helping the reader to form ward with pleasant anticipation to “ The Gran- an opinion, and he has succeeded admirably, so deur That Was Rome," which is promised for far as success is possible with a subject which next year. Mr. Stobart's enumeration, in the is by nature intellectually aristocratic. above quoted paragraph, of the features which In one respect, not all of the lovers of Hel- distinguished the life of Periclean times is indi- lenism will agree with Mr. Stobart. “I believe,” cative of his method. His chapters are composed he says, “ that our art and literature have by this of successions of short essays whose total result time absorbed and assimilated what Greece had is to afford the reader a survey of each period- to teach, and that our roots are so entwined with Ægean, Heroic, Transitional, Grand Century, the soil of Greek culture that we can never lose Fourth Century, Macedonian - from every im- the taste of it as long as books are read and pic- portant angle. The Grand Century chapter is tures painted. We are, in fact, living on the of course the nucleus of the book. The abundant legacy of Greece, and we may, if we please, for- and really fine full-page cuts which illustrate but get the testatrix.” The inference seems to be * THE GLORY That Was GREECE. A Survey of Hellenic that there need be no regret for the passing of Culture and Civilization. By J. C. Stobart, M.A., Late Lec- the Greek classics from our education. turer in History, Trinity College, Cambridge. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. Without stopping to contemplate the pleas- I 1912.] 21 THE DIAL our . antly mixed metaphor, let us say that it may be education in a Western college. There are pic- true that what Greece had for us has been ab- torial scenes,—the memory of his last Christmas sorbed and assimilated by some generations of eve in England, with carol-singing and festivity modern times; but let us add that in our opinion without and gloom and hunger within; the first no generation will receive anything like the full day in America, with its alternate hopes and inspiration and power that come from the Hel- disappointments; the revels and brawls of “the lenic source without absorbing and assimilating gang,” led by “Peter One Leg-and-a-Half”; the Greek spirit afresh for itself. No doubt we the fleeting yet recurrent ambitions to improve shall not soon lose the taste of Greek culture, his mind and shake off the thralldom of the and no doubt we shall do fairly well without first machine. The fearful strain of ten and a half hand contact with it in our educational system; hours daily in the mill upon the boy who was but the real question is not whether we are to only thirteen years of age, but had been admitted do fairly well, but whether we are to do best. to work through his uncle's perjury, is revealed There have been too many famous examples of in direct statement: “I gulped in the fresh air great men whose genius was fertilized by en when out of the mill, and walked with my chest nobling familiarity with Greek literature for us thrown out, a stiff, self-conscious, growing lad, to give a too facile consent to its neglect. fighting ever against the impending tragedy of a GRANT SHOWERMAN. deformed body.” Again, at sixteen, after three years in a mill-room, he reached a climax of de- spair: “ My body had been beaten into a terrify- ing weakness and lassitude by the rigors of the THE LIFE-STORY OF A COTTON-MILL mill. My æsthetic sense of things had been OPERATIVE.* rudely, violently assaulted by profanity, immor- Mr. Priddy's “Life of a Mill-Boy” is a vivid ality, and vile indecencies. I had come to that story of personal experience in cotton mills, amid fatalistic belief, which animates so many in the industrial and domestic conditions which tend to mill, that the social bars are set up, and are set destroy vitality of body, mind, and soul. Much up forever. I should always have to be in the has been written during the last quarter-century mill.” Gradually, through the influences of regarding mill operatives, from the point of view evening schools, second-hand books bought at of the legislator, the researcher in economics, Salvation Army salvage rooms, and acquaint- and the social worker. Here is a narrative of ance with two educated foremen, his dormant actual life, bald and frank in its realism, drama- manhood and ambitions were stirred to activity tic in its action, and forceful in appeal to the and emancipation. reader's imagination and sympathy. It is a sad One of the most interesting and dispassionate life-story of a youth, doomed from boyhood for chapters is that which relates to the strike of seven years to endure the physical strain, the forty thousand employees in New Bedford, a mental atrophy, and the moral deterioration struggle for four months which ended in de- which impure air, and hard, vulgar environment, feat for the strikers. Although allied with the would produce in a boy of delicate and sensitive strikers at the time, the author says: 6. The con- nature. duct of the strike, as I looked on it from behind The book is not alone a picture of industrial the scenes, was simply a political enterprise. Our evils, which were more widespread a decade ago leader kept urging us to resist. He himself was than they are to-day under improved legislation not working in the mill but was getting his money and inspection, but it is also a contribution to from our dues. Several of our meetings were the literature of adolescence. It might be used no more than drinking bouts. The strike man- as a treatise on child-welfare, or as a tract upon ager, who conducted our part in it, elected his the results of alcoholism. With intimate details, closest friends to important offices which offered the author has unfolded his life from ten to good remuneration.” twenty years, from his departure from Hadfield In the background of this Autobiography is in England and his arrival in New Bedford, another romantic tragedy, grim aud sad, Massachusetts, to share the home of an uncle picture of the curse which falls upon a home and aunt who were confirmed inebriates, through where the demon of inebriety is allowed to enter service in the mills as sweeper, a doffer, and a and abide. The struggles of Uncle Stanwood, joiner, until he makes a dash for freedom and whose manhood had become weak and flaccid * Through the Mill: The Life of a Mill-Boy. By through drink; and his pathetic efforts to reform Al Priddy. Boston: The Pilgrim Press. and to remove temptation from his dissipated a 22 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL wife, “ with an electric temper,” are incidents parish enlists under the new banner of spiritual of real pathos. In keeping with its bald real freedom the final triumph of modernism becomes ism, the author has used freely the vernacular more and more certain. Meynell and his fellow- of the “ toughs," and has painted his canvas protestants may upon technical grounds be dispos- sessed of their livings, but their ideas are marching upon a background of heavy, sordid gloom with scarcely a gleam of sunshine. There are sev- irresistibly onward toward the goal of a church that eral good illustrations in color by Wladyslaw These men no longer plead for toleration; they boldly shall embody the spiritual life of the whole nation. T. Benda. ANNIE RUSSELL MARBLE. demand their rights as representatives of the new religious conscience. Mrs. Ward is not, we think, unfair in her presentation of the reactionary side of RECENT FICTION.* the argument. The figure of the Bishop is no less sympathetically presented than that of the clergyman There has been of recent years a noticeable decline who opposes him, and equally compels our admiration in the vitality of Mrs. Humphry Ward's fiction. Her for his steadfastness and devotion. But it is clear themes have seemed to become more forced and that the type of ecclesiasticism for which he stands artificial, and her workmanship to become dulled. has well-nigh had its day. It must not be supposed While her conscientiousness has compelled admira that Mrs. Ward's novel is wholly one of religious tion, and the intellectual quality of her work has been controversy, although this provides its central motive. maintained upon a high plane of excellence, we have There is much interest of the more human and even somehow lost the sense of eager anticipation with dramatic sort, provided in part by Meynell's love for which we awaited a new book from her pen a score of the daughter of Robert Elsmere, and by the network years ago. “The Case of Richard Meynell” comes of suspicion and calumny that entangles him when nearer to exciting us in the old way than anything he maintains his pledge of secrecy to a friend long else she has done for a long time. It is, frankly, since dead. To reveal that secret would bring shame nothing more than a revised version of “ Robert Els- upon a woman whose subsequent conduct has more mere," and those who were unmoved by that famous than atoned for a youthful lapse, and brand with book will do well to pass its successor by; on the illegitimacy a girl whose high-strung nature could other hand, those to whom religion is one of the not survive such a blow. So Meynell suffers the most important of human concerns, and its rescue evil-minded to think of him as the sinner, and to from the tangle of theological cobwebs one of the forge of the calumny a weapon for use against him noblest objects of human endeavor, will get from the in the religious crusade. Of course, the truth comes new novel much the same sort of thrill and inspira- out, as it usually does, clearing Meynell's character, tion that they got from its prototype. The contrast but with tragic consequences for the girl. The whole between the two, in the matter of outcome, is striking. complication is rather difficult to follow, because it Robert Elsmere was too far in advance of his time takes for granted a somewhat more vivid recollection to hope for anything but failure, and the dead weight of certain earlier novels than most readers are likely of tradition was too heavy for him to move. But to have preserved. We close the book with a feeling Richard Meynell's outlook, twenty years later, is very that the author has cast her old spell upon us, and different. The leaven of liberalism has been working with a sense of vigorous intellectual and spiritual all the while, quietly but effectively, and the time is exercise that few others have a comparable power ripe for a spiritual revolution. The modernist move. to impart. ment of which he becomes the leader has gathered Mrs. Harrison (“Lucas Malet”). is a serious such momentum that buoyancy rather than despair artist, and her work is entitled to the highest respect. is the keynote of his activities, and he is fully per With her, character is always the main considera- suaded that the stars in their courses are on the side tion in which respect she is more French than of his cause. His work takes the form of an organized English in method — and such things as plot, inci- movement to soften the creeds and intellectualize the dent, and situation are only of value as they help us life of the Church of England, and as parish after to understand motive and temperament. Hence the *THE CASE OF RICHARD MEYNELL. By Mrs. Humphry mere story of “ Adrian Savage" is a rather thin Ward. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. affair. Adrian is an Englishman turned French, ADRIAN SAVAGE. By Lucas Malet. New York: Harper a graceful figure in Parisian intellectual society, and & Brothers. the editor of a review. He loves an elusive French THE COMPOSER. By Agnes and Egerton Castle. New lady with restrained passion and in the most deco- York: Doubleday, Page & Co. rous way imaginable. The only fly in his ointment THE MONEY Moon. A Romance. By Jeffery Farnol. is her sympathetic interest in a decadent painter, New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. which becomes serious only in Adrian's exaggerated A PERSON OF SOME IMPORTANCE. By Lloyd Osbourne. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co. fears, and ceases to cloud his hopes when the painter conveniently becomes insane. But Adrian has also MY LADY OF Doubt. By Randall Parrish. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co. English connections, and is unexpectedly called JANE Dawson. By Will N. Harben. New York: Har across the Channel by a death which makes him per & Brothers. trustee of an estate which has descended to the two 1912.] 23 THE DIAL Misses Smyrthwaite, his cousins. The duty is unwel the best of it. The Castles are particularly good come, but he accepts it gracefully, and finds him at this sort of temperamental melodrama, and we self spending some time in the English country may not deny that the present tale, although any- place, which is to him the most depressing environ- thing but convincing, successfully maintains its arti- ment imaginable. Of the two sisters, one is good- ficial interest. looking and stolid; the other is distressingly plain When George Bellew, American millionaire, but endowed with the intensity of nature that is crosses the Atlantic in his yacht in pursuit of a usually the warrant of unhappiness. This young young woman, and then learns that she has bestowed woman, Joanna by name, keeps a journal, and in her affections elsewhere, he thinks he is broken. its pages she reveals herself as never by word of hearted. Whereupon he slings a pack over his mouth to any human being. And the tragedy of it all shoulders, and takes to the road in Kent. After is that Joanna, mistaking her cousin's courtly bearing sundry adventures by the wayside, he encounters a and polished manner for signs of a deep personal in small boy, becomes chummy with him, and learns terest, persuades herself that she has become the ob that he has set out in quest of a fortune to retrieve ject of his affections. When he realizes this dread the distress of his Aunt Anthea, whose farm is mort- ful misunderstanding, he is naturally uncomfortable, gaged, and who cannot make both ends meet. George although no act or thought has given him cause for persuades his new friend to take him to the farm, self-reproach. And when the young woman, after and discovers that it is Arcadia, in very fact, and that confidently revealing to him her fatuous self-delusion, its mistress is a dream of loveliness. He persuades learns how utterly without foundation are all her her to take him in as a boarder, and makes himself hopes, there is nothing left for her but suicide. The very much at home. Presently he saves the family situation is not agreeable to read about, but the power furniture from going at auction, and puts a spoke of its portrayal is insistent, and as a study in mor in the wheel of the squire, who is taking a mean bid introspection, the character of Joanna must be advantage of Anthea, profiting by her distress to recognized as a masterpiece. There is endless force her into a loveless marriage. With the small psychologizing in the book; the people concerned all boy as a fellow.conspirator, he arranges to have a analyze themselves and each other, and the writer buried fortune discovered on the grounds just in analyzes them again on her own account. This time to pay the mortgage that its skinflint holder is process makes them all surprisingly real, and there about to foreclose. It seems that this marvel is pos- is much vivid incident to heighten the effect. The sible only under certain conditions at the full of the style, whether in description, illumination, self moon, in other words, when there is “a money revelation, or dialogue, has the mark of a distinc moon.” Hence this pretty tale by Mr. Jeffery tion which is anything but common in our latter-day Farnol is called “The Money Moon," and is fairly fiction, and which makes " Lucas Malet” a writer drenched with romantic sentiment. The happy always to be reckoned with. We cannot quite place day does not go until the maiden yields, but it re- this work upon the plane of “Sir Richard Calmady,"quires both strategy and masterful action to bring but it does not need to stand as high as that to be about this consummation. This is the merest trifle considered a remarkable novel. of a book in comparison with the author's “ Broad Mr. and Mrs. Castle, in “The Composer,” have Highway,” and consequently disappoints us not a taken a leaf from the Wagnerian legend, and en little, but it has enough grace and tender idyllic deavored to create a super-musician whose genius charm to make it measurably worth while. holds the world in awe. His name is Lothnar, the The romantic story of the Austrian archduke who temple of his worship is Frankheim, and he writes separated himself from civilization some twenty amazing music-dramas based upon the Greek myths. years ago, his subsequent history and fate to re- A young singer, Fräulein Sarolta, comes under his main a mystery, has been taken by Mr. Lloyd spell, and is chosen to interpret his heroines - Osbourne for the groundwork of the tale which he Iphigenia, Phædra, and the rest. He becomes the entitles “A Person of Some Importance." Last god of her idolatry, not only as genius but as man, year, it will be remembered, the missing man was and the fact that she is not contented to worship declared to be legally dead, and his estate settled. him as a genius alone is her undoing. The situa Mr. Osbourne's invention (for which there is some tion is a little difficult to take in, for Lothnar is per shadow of historical support) represents the arch- sonally anything but prepossessing, and the girl's duke as having concealed himself, in company with mad infatuation makes a heavy demand upon our the lady for whom he thought the world well lost, credulity. By the time she realizes that he lives upon a remote island in the South Pacific, and as only for his art, and that he has played upon her having died there after his twenty years of self- emotions solely with the aim of making her a better | imposed exile. The name “John Orth,” which singer, she has run the whole gamut of exaltation he is known to have taken, here becomes “ John and agony, and is ready to accept the dog-like de Mort.” The story is primarily concerned with votion of the stolid young Englishman who has all one Matthew Broughton, in training for the navy, the time been hovering in the background. Some but dismissed in disgrace from the Annapolis thing is broken within her, but the mechanism of Academy for participation in a hazing outrage. He life somehow keeps on running, and she must make | ships before the mast, knocks about the seas for a 24 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL horizon in the Farthest East. while, and finally comes upon “ John Mort,” by know her own heart, and gives herself to the one whom he is made a sort of confidential agent. After who has found shelter outside the orthodox fold. some years of this life, he wearies of it, and returns There is a great deal of theological discussion in to his home in New England, pledged to the pro the course of the story, which makes it rather tire- foundest secrecy by his late royal employer. This some, because the issues concerned are such as no is where the real story begins, for agents of the Aus- longer exist for thinking people, however much they trian court get upon Broughton's track, and seek to may still affect the rustic mind. The figure of Jane extort from him the secret which they are persuaded is drawn with a good deal of grim power and en- is in his possession. They resort in vain to cajolery, dowed with at least a spark of vitality. bribery, and personal violence. They thwart his WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. every attempt to make a living, and when he elopes with the daughter of the local magnate, they track him to California, lure him on board a ship under BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. their control, and carry him to the South Pacific. Here, it seems, an Austrian battle-ship, carrying no The political control of the Philip- Scanning the less august a passenger than the Emperor, is await- pine Islands by the United States has ing their arrival; and here, moved by the Emperor's brought the Farthest East somewhat own plea, Broughton discloses his well-kept secret. nearer us, and has given a wide basis of interest in But when the mysterious island is reached it trans the Malay peoples, and in the industrial, economic, pires that “ John Mort” has died a few weeks be sanitary, political, educational, and religious prob- fore, and the hopes of his imperial father are crushed. lems that arise in connection with the control of Here is obviously the material for a good yarn, and nature in the tropics, the development of the rich as far as invention is concerned, the author has put resources of equatorial lands, the exploitation of sub- it to fairly good use. But his style is so raw, and ject peoples, and the preservation and growth of an his characterization so wooden, that our chief feeling indigenous civilization. No nation has had a wider is one of disappointment that the theme has not experience in this field than Holland, whose immense fallen into hands capable of doing it more justice possessions in the East Indies have been an unfailing and of more fully realizing its romantic possibilities. source of wealth to the ruling power for centuries. The latest of Mr. Randall Parrish's ladies is Dutch colonies the East Indies have never really called “My Lady of Doubt,” and it follows the become, for the ruling race has never peopled these pattern of its predecessors so closely that we always dependencies further than to provide temporary know what to expect. It offers a variant only in staffs for political control, commercial exploitation, being a Revolutionary romance instead of a tale of or scientific exploration. During these centuries of the Civil War. Its scene is in and about Philadel Dutch conquest (still in bloody progress in Acheen), phia during the last weeks of the British occupation, and of occupation, the relations of the ruling and and it culminates in the battle of Monmouth. The subject peoples have passed through an evolution in hero is a Continental spy who has many hairbreadth which the ethical standards of the Dutch nation escapes, and the heroine is a young woman who have steadily displaced the lower ones established alternately aids and thwarts him — a procedure by commercial greed. Policies of extermination of which keeps him guessing, and accounts for the resisting tribes and ruthless suppression of rivals in phrase by which she is styled. No wonder the girl trade, which characterized the period of the control is perplexed, for her father is in one camp and her by trading companies, gave way to forced labor and brother in the other, while she is desperately wooed extortionate taxation by agents of the government, both by the Continental hero and the royalist offi- and this in turn to a more intelligent policy of agri- cer who has been ber lover from childhood. The cultural and industrial development of native peoples latter, however, turns out to be so black a villain that and to the initial steps in a system of education. M. we waste no sympathy over his discomfiture. Sev. Cabaton holds no brief for the Malay in his “ Java, eral famous historical figures flit across the pages Sumatra, and the Other Islands of the Dutch East from time to time. Indies” (Scribner), but his ably written volume Another tale of rural Georgia, with most of the gives a clear insight into the nature of the exceed- familiar features of shrewd portraiture and homely ingly complex and difficult problem which confronts observation that are found in Mr. Harben's earlier the Netherlands of to-day, as it faces the increas- books, is now offered us in “ Jane Dawson.” Jane ingly insistent demands of the subject peoples for is a hard old woman who has been betrayed in her wider educational opportunities and greater indus- youth and made an outcast. To add to her offend-trial and commercial freedom. Java, as well as the ing, she has become a "free thinker," and her son United States, has its Oriental problem. The recent has taken the same course. The latter is a man of influx of Japanese, following the Russo-Japanese strong character and clear intelligence, in striking war, with their demand for and freely granted equal- contrast to the simple-minded and zealous preacher ity with Europeans, has stimulated the Chinese of with whom he is at odds. There is a young woman the Malay ports, who are a large element in inter- who cannot easily choose between the two men, both native commercial life, to obtain Japanese citizenship of whom love her; at last, however, she learns to in Formosa and return thence to Batavia with hopes 1912.] 25 THE DIAL to Uncle Remus. The world's Universities. for enlarged opportunities. When the New China of themselves. Phyllis's freedom from interference knocks at the doors of Malaysia, a new readjustment makes her self-revelation the more unconstrained, of political and commercial relations in the Far East and Mrs. Cocke has succeeded in conveying com- impends. An introduction to the work, by the trans pletely into her book the wise, wily, humorous, and lator, Mr. Bernard Miall, affords a suitable historical inventive mammy. She stands apart from the purely background for the reader. The book is well illus comic negro and the sentimental negro of much trated, and gives a detailed, methodical, comprehen dialect fiction, and represents wholesome realism in siveand exceptionally complete account of the history, that branch of Southern literature. So excellent is government, resources, industries, commerce, cus Mrs. Cocke's depicting of the character that one toms, religions of the Dutch East Indies, as well as feels bold to predict for Phyllis a niche beside Uncle a candid and illuminating statement of the complex Remus. Willis and Ma’y Van, too, are creations, and pressing problems resulting from contact of the and the interest of the stories depends largely upon Occident and Orient in the land of spices. our vivid consciousness all the while of the child listeners who share them with us; but the ebony- In "Bypaths in Dixie "(Dutton) Mrs. skinned narrator is the heroine of the book. A counterpart Sarah J. Cocke has given us a series of negro fables as entertaining as The attempt to give any adequate the classic tales of Joel Chandler Harris. Not portrayal of twenty leading univer- only does Mist'r Race Hoss run for the office of king sities of the world within the com- of beasts against Jack Donkey — who covers himself pass of a single octavo volume of 275 pages would head and ears to hide his asinine unfitness for that seem a desperate one from the start. Yet if it exalted office and yet is betrayed by his voice — and could be successfully done, President Thwing would not only does Mis’ Race Hoss give a party for her seem to be one of the most promising entries for husband's benefit, where Sis' Sow and her children the contest. But a perusal of his recent book must display their gluttonous propensities ; but also Ned prove disappointing to this high expectation. The Dog and Billy Goat fill one story, conducting them- rough-and-ready classification of all universities selves in quite human fashion, and even Shoo Fly into four groups — learning-laboratories, character- and Hoss Fly enact a drama of their own, which builders, culture-studies, and efficiency-mills — is a fly-paper and screen windows and modern sanitation seductive but perilous snare. It does not prevent all but bring to a tragic close. Indeed, we are taken a sound and appreciative estimate of Oxford and out into the woods, and learn the life-history of London, though the limited space is a bar to ade- Mist'r Bad 'Simmon Tree, and of Big Eye Buzzard, quacy. But when it denies, or tends to deny, to who aspired to be accepted in the society of the royal Berlin and Harvard the predicate of efficient, and eagles and made love to Tishy Peafowel till that applies it preëminently to Tokyo and Calcutta, the charming young lady's father exposed the false gal danger becomes evident. In the value of the charac- lant's unspeakable leaning to certain improper foods. terizations and estimates of various institutions there Even Mist'r Rattlesnake plays a part quite scriptural is great difference. Many of the observations on the and instructive, and Mist'r Grab-all Spider is all University of Madrid seem guarded and just. Such by himself a monopoly in restraint of trade. The epigrams as “Universities are at once the cause and stories are delightfully fresh, and, in spite of inevit the result of the Zeit-Geist,” and “The pride, not able similarities, are really unlike the fables of life, but of living, dominates,” and “For lack of best known. Indeed, they suggest the query whether knowledge the people perish, but never for lack of Mrs. Cocke is the inventor, or only the narrator art,” are what might be expected from the author with literary privileges - of the deeds ascribed of "A History of Higher Education in America." by Phyllis to the animals. This, however, brings So much the more striking is the onesidedness of the us to another phase of the book : it is not simply a treatment of Vienna, St. Petersburg, and Budapest. volume of fables. The whole composition takes And so much the more startling the carelessness and higher rank in literature than a mere collection of absolute obscurity of many passages in the chapters stories, by reason of its artistic unity. This unity on these institutions. The treatment as well as the is achieved through the personality of Phyllis, the language almost compels the conclusion that por- negro mammy who tells the instructive tales, and of tions of these articles were prepared by an ill- the little boy Willis, her charge and her audience, trained translator. What is to be made, for instance, supplemented at times by his neighbor, little Ma'y of such expressions as these : “ The worthiest men As the tales follow one after another, the which humanity or Austria has given to itself” face, figure, tones, and gestures of Phyllis become (p. 142). “But, despite this condition, the Univer- vivid and familiar to us, and the two little auditors sity of Vienna is still [meaning 'nevertheless '] a grow more and more lifelike, till we have a Southern commanding force of the entire world. . . . But in nursery complete. Even the father and mother, respect to students, its six thousand are larger than though they discreetly refrain from breaking the are found in any American institution” (p. 149). compact unity of the nursery life by actual appear “Above most great universities of the world Vienna ance on the scene, do now and then pass the door, as does not attract foreign students” (p. 151). “For it were, and cast on the floor characteristic shadows the Hungarian people embody Slavic traditions, negro Van. 26 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL unlike those of the wide-spreading, conquering Earth's Beginning,” and so great has been the pro- Aryan.” (Are not, then, the Slavs Aryans ?) “The gress made during that time that a new book setting teachings offered in Hungarian language are espe- forth the latest researches and speculations is very cially numerous ” (p. 160). “ The chief building of welcome. Mr. Grew's work covers a greater range the University lengthens itself out to about than Sir Robert Ball's; for the latter contents him. one thousand feet” (p. 170). Such passages might self with a brilliant exposition of the origin of the be cited by the score. Despite these defects of earth according to the nebular hypothesis, while the style, and some judgments from which many well former discusses not only the origin but the later his- informed persons would dissent, President Thwing's tory of our earth, as its face has been wrinkled and book, with its handsome half-tones, will be a welcome furrowed by various agencies, while life, myste- survey of a great field not often presented to one riously originating, has developed prodigiously. In- glance of the eye. stead of following the old nebular hypothesis of Laplace, our author expounds the new and distinct- “The true missionary,” said Gen- ively American theory known as the "planetisimal Life-story of a al Butler, " is the finest soldier now Canadian priest. theory,” which originated from the labors of Pro- left in the world." And Sir John fessors Chamberlin and Moulton of the University Macdonald told a London audience that “The finest of Chicago, and is making its way throughout the moral police in the world is to be found in the priest- world of science. Mr. Grew, or his printers, how- hood of French Canada.” Add to these general ever, take the liberty of calling it the "planetismal” statements the estimate of Archbishop Ireland, that theory; but the Century Dictionary does not recog- old Father Lacombe of the Oblate Order, now spend- nize the word. Having started the planets and ing his last days in his Home for the Poor at Mid- their satellites upon their career, the author wisely napore, is “the most remarkable priest Western limits his discussion of their further development America has seen,” and the life of that noble and pic- chiefly to the single case of the earth, where we turesque character, compiled by Katherine Hughes have some solid facts to build upon. Beginning at and published by Moffat, Yard & Company, would the very foundation, the probable structure of the seem labor spent on a worthy object. The story, core of the earth is discussed at considerable length; told in the simplest chronological fashion, with no this is followed by a luminous exposition of the generalizations, no ecstacies, and no cant, is more causes of the present shape of the earth's surface, than an interesting biography: it fulfils its relig- a subject to which certain well-known British scien- ious and ethical purpose more effectively than any tists, especially Darwin, Jeans, and Love, have given amount of pointing of morals could do. Born near much ingenious study. The modifications of the sur- Quebec, with a strain of Indian blood to add ro- face by volcanoes, earthquakes, and the agencies of mance and restlessness to his vivacious French tem- air and water, are next treated. Finally, the origin perament, active for more than sixty years in the and development of life, both vegetable and animal, stirring affairs of frontier Canada, spirited enough have about a fourth of the book allotted to them, the to thunder “ Thou art the man!” in the face of the whole matter being closed by some brief considera- all-powerful Hudson Bay Company manager, and tions as to the future of life on our planet. The to camp in the private office of the Canadian Min- reader will be convinced of the wide range of the ister of the Interior until he signs the document author's study, his excellent understanding of the assuring the Western priesthood financial indepen; various subjects involved, and his power of adequate dence, devoted enough to risk his life again and and interesting presentation. (Macmillan Co.) again fighting infectious diseases among his squalid parishioners, and again and again in more exciting Mr. Harry A. Franck, a teacher of An economical if no more dangerous surroundings, and bubbling tour of Spain. modern languages, spent four months over from first to last with soul-thrilling eloquence recently in pedestrian travel in the and pigeon-English mots, famous over two conti- land of Don Quixote, and the record of his expe- nents and carrying a battered wood and brass cru riences is published by the Century Company, with cifix as “my only decoration,”. - he is at the same the title “Four Months Afoot in Spain.” The title is time one of the most amusing and one of the most a trifle misleading, since occasional resort to the rail- touching figures of his generation. The book is en road was necessary in order to enable the traveller titled “Father Lacombe, the Black-Robe Voyageur,” to complete a zigzag itinerary between Gibraltar and and is profusely illustrated with photographs and Paris during the time at his disposal. The preface charts. claims a utilitarian motive, and the author is careful One needs a somewhat wide general to keep us in touch with his expenses, which totalled Chapters in the knowledge of astronomy, meteor $172 from New York to New York. The modesty New Astronomy. ology, geology, and also biology, to of the figure is due in some degree to the generosity handle successfully such a subject as “The Growth of the Gallicians in the northwest, who magnani- of a Planet,” when the treatment is as thorough as mously contributed to Mr. Franck's literary enter- that given by Professor Edwin Sharp Grew. Nearly prise by furnishing him free meals and lodging. The ten years have now elapsed since the publication of book is extremely amusing, even useful, for it gives Sir Robert S. Ball's fascinating work on “ The a view of Spanish life that could scarcely be found 1912.] 27 THE DIAL — The Man Who elsewhere; since foreigners in general have seen only dominance belongs to principle, and the eking out of the edges, so to speak, and the Spaniard is naturally principle to suit the shifting demands of a practice unable to see himself. In one respect the book is al bringing with it the provincialisms of its own environ- most absolutely unique: written by a foreigner, it ment is in the long run neither profitable nor justifi- nevertheless vigorously defends the institution of the able. Despite transgression in this particular, the bull-fight. The reader who knows Spain and Spanish chapters of this book show a creditable success in will suspect that the author has sometimes fallen a carrying the message of psychological economy into prey to his instinct for literary effect, and will re business. They set forth the utilization of such varied gret that the proof of the frequently-recurring bits procedures as imitation, competition, loyalty, concen- of Spanish, inserted to give local color, was not more tration, rewards, pleasures, relaxations, the sporting carefully read; but for popular reading the story is instinct, in advancing the cause of efficiency as tested a distinct success. The same writer has already pub and gauged by market values. The spirit of the lished an account of “A Vagabond Journey Round application is pointed if not profound, compromis- the World,” and is now on his way to South ing rather than directive. Yet if the implication be America, where he will collect material for a third avoided that the mission and even the plain lesson book of a similar character. of psychology begins and ends here, the book will be beneficial within its chosen limitations. " A contri- The treasures Every year the number of European bution to the psychology of business” is open to the and pleasures tourists increases, and year after year serious danger of having the shadow of business of Florence. a new crop of travel-books and art- obscure the illumination of psychology. manuals springs up to meet the cry for the “ latest guide.” Hardy annuals we can scarcely call them, Logically, from its title, one would since most of these publications, carefully compiled Likes Mexico." suppose “ The Man Who Likes though they be, fail to reach a second edition. Is Mexico " (The Century Co.) a biog- it because hybrids are not infrequently sterile? At raphy, or perhaps a tale, of someone who, yielding any rate, the travel books that live are few, and to the lure of the marvellous land within the tropics, usually of two sorts : works of pure originality like has continued to like the land and its people upon Gautier's or Howells's; and the humbler but more closer acquaintance. Mr. Wallace Gillpatrick, in the useful guide, such as the perennial Baedeker. Ap book above named, gives an account of his varied ex. proaching this type in its objectivity and wealth of periences during the first two of the six years in which information, but naturally far more complete on the he has resided in Republica Mexicana. And though artistic aspect of its subject, is Mr. Herbert Vaughan's the title may be criticized, the book itself is worthy “Florence and Her Treasures” (Macmillan), a book a high place among works on Mexico. Mr. Gill- which the average traveller will find a real guide, patrick saw not only the capital and that part of philosopher, and friend. The history and descrip the country which most travellers see, but he be- tion of Florence, with her churches, palaces, galleries, came acquainted with the northwestern provinces, and museums, would furnish the material for many the region of mountains and mines, which had for volumes, and any attempt to condense it into 375 him the chief charm. He is thus able to add some- duodecimo pages will provoke criticism from some thing fresh and new to the already enormous litera- quarter; but in the main Mr. Vaughan's selection ture of travel and sight-seeing in Mexico. will please the traveller who is not himself a spe- cialist. An interesting account of the Festivals at Florence is given, and the notes on the paintings BRIEFER MENTION. and statues are supplemented by brief index-lists of artists and a somewhat summary but useful chapter A new two-volume edition of the “ Poems and Dramas of George Cabot Lodge” (Houghton) is accompanied on Saints and their Symbols. The illustrations, by a third volume, giving a biography of the poet. He which are clearly printed in beautiful half-tone, are has illustrious sponsors (if we may adopt the theory that a special feature of this little guide book, which, being dead, he born into fame), for Mr. Theodore although a trifle corpulent, is small enough for the Roosevelt writes the introduction to the poems, and masculine coat-pocket. Mr. Henry Adams is the author of the biography. It is a brilliant achievement which is here embodied and Professor Walter Dill Scott, in his Psychology commemorated. volume on “Increasing Efficiency in Mathematical prodigies will doubtless enjoy “Div- efficiency. Business (Macmillan), makes a a-Let,” a new “pastime or mental diversion mostly in- direct appeal in plain language to the plain man. tended for those who are fond of such things,” as the It brings psychology to the street in the conceptions sub-title informs us. In “ Div-a-Let" a word is taken, and interests of the street. In so doing there is each letter being assigned one of the digits, in their order, and then the numbers are used in an ordinary danger of assigning dominance to the motives, pur- long-division sum. The sum next is written out using poses, and methods of the street, and forsaking the the letters instead of the numbers, and from that, the principles of a larger psychology in an eagerness to player or victim — is expected to recover the original serve the narrower clientele. The reactions of theory word. Literally speaking, this may be a mental diver- and practice are legitimately reciprocal; but the sion, but there are numbers of people to whom it would and business > 28 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL Me. Robert Hichens's book descriptive of “ Egypt be anything but a pastime. The ingenious author is sentation; and the book will take its place among the Dr. W. H. Vail, and the book is printed by the Revell laudable efforts made by the enlightened and progres- Co. Press. Scattered through the book are a number sive rulers of Baroda to promote the well-being of their of slips containing poems. Unless these be for the subjects. For the Western reader, it will be interesting consolation of Dr. Vail's non-mathematical readers, it mainly as an indication of this important activity, and is hard to imagine their relation to the weird pastime as offering a number of incidental references to condi. here outlined. tions in India. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) To the “ History of the Sciences” series, published in and Its Monuments," which was issued with the re- London by the Rationalist Press Association and in this markable illustrations in color by Mr. Jules Guérin, is country by the Putnams, a “ History of Biology” is con- now reissued by the Century Co. in a small inexpensive tributed by L. C. Miall, F.R.S. The limitation of space edition, without illustrations, but with the reading mat- imposed in the general editorial plan of the series makes ter complete. In this more handy form it will be wel- impossible anything like an adequate treatment of the comed by travellers or prospective travellers in Egypt, development of biology. Only the most salient points as well as by all admirers of Mr. Hichens who do not of fact can be brought out. So much is well done ; but have access to the larger book. a history which is obliged to delete almost completely Handbooks on Christian Symbolism are numerous, the personal element cannot be said to afford particularly and they differ chiefly in the manner in which they entertaining reading. present the subject. In Elizabeth E. Goldsmith's “ Sacred Symbols in Art” (Putnam) an attempt is Statistics of crime and criminals thus far compiled in made to present a guidebook to the interpretation of this country by the state and federal governments are the great religious paintings in the galleries of Europe. of very uneven value and are generally useless. The The illustrations, most of which are a departure from well-trained statistician is rare, and few of the best type the conventional selection, make the book of value to are in local and state service. According to Mr. Louis the student at home, as an aid to a better under- N. Robinson, author of a “ History of Criminal Statistics standing of the symbolic phases of religious art. in the United States”(Houghton), the most hopeful way to reach sound results lies in the direction of federal Critical followers of the modern drama will welcome “ Modern Drama and Opera," a reading list of works of leadership in registration areas upon a uniform plan. ten foremost dramatists and four operatic composers, This study represents much labor, and will help explor- compiled by Mrs. Clara Norton, Mr. Frank K. Walter, ers, but does not add much to expert knowledge of the and Miss Fannie Elsie Marquand, and published by the subject. It will be useful in concentrating public atten- Boston Book Company. The dramatists whose works tion upon the need of improvement in methods in this are covered are D'Annunzio, Hauptmann, Ibsen, Henry important field. Arthur Jones, Maeterlinck, Stephen Phillips, Pinero, Since Mr. George Wharton James first issued his book, Rostand, Shaw, and Sudermann. The composers are “ In and Around the Grand Canyon of the Colorado" Debussy, Puccini, and Richard Strauss. Under the head (Little, Brown & Co.) many changes have been made in of each author are given lists of his works, summaries the mapping and naming of different parts of the Canyon. of each play, and references to the best criticism of the in the available trails through its explorable parts, and plays. A special section deals with the general literature in the hotel and other accommodations for the tourist, on dramatic technique, theory, and criticism. That he might include the latest results of work on the Three new volumes have just been issued by the Canyon by the United States Geological Survey, as well Penn Publishing Co. in their series of “ Popular Hand as the other changes just mentioned, Mr. James has books." Mr. C. T. Davies contributes a small volume, issued a new edition of his book with the necessary re- “ The Horse and How to Care For Him” whose scope writing to bring it to date. He has included in the vol- is indicated by its sub-title, “ How to choose a horse, ume a new map of the Canyon, containing many names, tell his age, feed, stable, harness and train him, and keep suggested by himself, now adopted for newly charted him in good health.” A number of diagrams aid this or rechristened points of interest. In an appendix are exposition. Mr. John H. Bechtel gives a short diction given a number of newly determined heights and other ary of “ Biblical Quotations " arranged under the heads dimensions of peaks, towers, buttes, etc., which hitherto of the human experiences to which they severally apply. have been estimated only. The party hostess or harassed parent will welcome the The geographical availability of Colorado to the aver- third volume, “ Home Games" by Mr. George Hapgood, age American, and especially to the dweller in the Mis- in which games of bodily and mental skill, chance, and sissippi Valley, makes it inevitable that the “colored " observation are simply explained. State should become more and more the summer resort “ The Position of Women in Indian Life," by Her of those who seek pure air, while its possibilities for Highness the Maharani of Baroda and Mr. S. M. Mitra, permanent homes have but begun to be appreciated. In offers a most striking example of an unfortunate title; view of these facts, a handy book of information, neatly for it treats of the activities of women in every land ex printed and supplied with tables and a map, must meet cept India. The purpose of the book is to aid in the a growing demand. Mr. Eugene Parsons had already reasonable emancipation and elevation of Indian women written the history of Colorado, and seems to be a fit by giving an account of “ Western feminine institutions" person to supply the Guidebook to that State which which might be adopted to meet Eastern requirements. Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. have just issued. The body From this point of view, the authors write upon such of the book is arranged by counties in alphabetical order, themes as “ Agriculture,” « Professions for Women,” while a good index renders the carefully compiled in- “ Philanthropic Work,” « Domestic Science,” “Co formation accessible from any point of view. The book operation,” “Rescue Work,” and “Women in Japan.” is illustrated with over seventy fine half-tones. An- The work is thoroughly well done, whether one con other good feature is the table of distances and rail- siders the results of investigation or the manner of pre road rates. 1912.] 29 THE DIAL to enable our descendants to make the irrevocable past NOTES. in some sense not wholly irrevocable. Fire-proof build- The first chapters of a new novel by Mr. William J. ings are to be erected for the safe keeping of these pre- Locke, entitled “Stella Maris," appear in the January cious memorials. The incorporators include many men « Century." well own in their various professions and occupations. « Multitude and Solitude" is the title of a new novel Mrs. Arthur Stannard, a novelist better known through by Mr. John Masefield, author of “ The Tragedy of her pseudonym of John Strange Winter, died in London Nan,” “ The Street of To-day,” etc., which Mr. Mitchell on the 14th of December. She was a most prolific fic- Kennerley will soon publish. tion writer, her total output being nearly 100 volumes. “ Barnes's Popular History of the United States," for Her stories were chiefly about army life, and John many years a standard text-book, has been brought up Ruskin referred to her as “the author to whom we owe to date and issued by the Baker & Taylor Co. in a hand- the most finished and faithful rendering ever yet given some octavo volume of 780 pages. of the character of the British soldier." Among her A new novel by Miss Anne Douglas Sedgwick, author works that became popular both in Europe and America of “ A Fountain Sealed,” “ Amabel Channice," etc., is are « Bootles' Baby,” « The Soul of the Bishop,” “Only announced for early publication by the Century Co. under Human,” “Houpla,” and “The Truth Tellers." She the title of “Tante." was fifty-six years of age. Mr. Jeffery Farnol, author of "The Broad Highway," Early in the present month Mr. William T. Price of is planning a visit to this country as soon as he completes New York will begin publication of a monthly review, his new novel, « The History of an Amateur Gentleman," “ The American Playwright,” devoted to the technical which will be published in book form by Messrs. Little, give such full information as is desired and needed by discussion of plays and playwriting. It will aim to Brown & Co. students of the drama; and will contain a complete The selection of Meredith letters which Lord Morley is editing will be published in the course of next autumn record of plays produced in New York and of all credit- by the Messrs. Scribner. The letters are not to be able published plays and books and articles relating to the technical side of the stage. Its reviews of current linked into a biography, but will simply be arranged in a natural way, with notes by Lord Morley where notes plays will be analytical, directed at their causes of fail- ure or success. Its various departments will be designed are necessary. to help, in a practical way, those who accept playwrit- “ The Book-Lovers’ Anthology,” edited by Mr. R. M. ing as an art. Leonard, will be issued immediately by Mr. Henry Frowde. It consists of passages in poetry and prose The list of private collectors of books and literaria in the United States, which was printed in “The Annual relating to books in all their aspects, grouped according to the subject. Some two hundred and fifty authors in Library Index, 1910,” published by the Office of « The Publishers' Weekly," is undergoing a thorough revision all are represented. for insertion in the Annual covering 1911, to be published John Bigelow's death leaves his “Retrospections of early in March. The original list contains about 1100 an Active Life” uncompleted. The Baker & Taylor names and addresses of bookbuyers, with mention of Co. issued the first three volumes of these reminiscences the specialties each collector is interested in. It was the two years ago, and it is understood that Mr. Bigelow first attempt to gather together such a directory since left the material for the remaining volumes in a condi- G. Hedeler, of Leipzig, printed his list of buyers in the tion which will permit of its being promptly prepared United States and Canada fourteen years ago. It has for the press by his son, Major Bigelow. been helpful in promoting fraternal interests among The “English Readings for Schools” of Messrs. Henry collectors and in putting them in touch with others of Holt & Co. constitute one of the most attractive and care similar tastes. The revision will include additional fully-edited series of texts now available. The latest names, making the total number about 1500, arranged additions to the series are “ Ivanhoe,” edited by Mr. geographically by states as before. Data for the forth- Alfred A May; the “Sketch Book," edited by Mr. A. W. coming revision will be welcomed if supplied before Leonard; Stevenson's “ Inland Voyage” and “ Travels January 15, 1912. with a Donkey,” edited by Mr. Edwin Mims; and The New Grant White Shakespeare," embodying Macaulay's “Clive' and “ Hastings,” edited by Messrs. the ripest American scholarship and latest Shakespear- F. E. Pierce and Samuel Thurber, Jr. ean study, is now announced for publication by Messrs. Freytag's “ Die Journalisten” (Merrill) is once more Little, Brown & Co., after years of careful preparation. edited for school use, this time by Mr. H. A. Potter, who While preserving White's text in the main, the new work supplies the usual apparatus for student use. Another will contain such changes in the light of the investiga- excellent text is Fontane's “Grete Minds” (Holt), tions and opinions of modern and recent editors - from edited by Mr. H. W. Thayer. The reading-book of “Ger the Cambridge edition to Furness — as seem desirable man Epics Retold” (American Book Co.), compiled by in order to give in this edition the best available Shake- Mr. M. Bine Holly, gives in German prose, with quota speare text up to the present time. The editors are tions, the substance of ten mediæval works, including the Messrs. William P. Trent, M.A., Benjamin Wells, Ph.D., Parzival, Lohengrin, and Tristan stories, the “ Heliard,” and John B. Henneman, Ph.D., who have revised, sup- the “ Nibelungenlied,” the “Woltarilied," and the Song plemented, and annotated this edition. The set, com- of Gudrun. prising eighteen octavo volumes, will include nearly one The modern Historic Records Association, lately in hundred pictures by eminent artists, collected by Messrs. corporated at New York, has for its object the handing- Goupil of Paris, and supplemented by sixty-nine addi- down to posterity of the completest possible records of the tional plates, comprising pictures of well-known actors life we are now living. The photograph, the phonograph, and actresses in Shakespearean rôles. There will also the moving-picture films, the written and the printed be facsimiles of title-pages of the original quartos and word — every means known to science is to be employed of the four folios. 30 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. January, 1912. . Political Corruption, Science of. Peter McArthur. Forum. Pyle, Howard : Illustrator . Harper. Rome and the Orient. Jesse B. Carter Altantic. St. Helena, The Return from Century. School, A Real Country. B. H. Crocheron. 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Boston: The Arakelyan Press. $1.50. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1910. Illustrated, 8vo, 688 pages. Washington: Government Printing Office. Indian Topics; or, Experience in Indian Missions. By Rev. D. A. Sanford. Illustrated, 12mo, 108 pages. Broadway Publishing Co. Keramic Art Publications KERAMIC STUDIO MAGAZINE For the China Painter and Potter $4.00 the year, 40c the copy Sample copy, new name, 10c LIST OF BOOKS-Each Complete in One Volume The Second Rose Book, $3.00 postpaid; The Fruit Book, $3.00 postpaid ; Grand Feu Ceramics, $5.00 postpaid. THE CLASS ROOM BOOKS No. 1. The Art of Teaching China Decoration. $3.00 postpaid. No.2. Flower Painting on Porcelain, $3.00 postpaid. No. 3. Figure Painting on Porcelain and Firing. $3.00 postpaid. No. 4. The Conventional Decoration of Porcelain and Glass, $3.00 postpaid. Four books for $10.50. Two books and subscription to Keramic Studio, $9.00. KERAMIC STUDIO PUB. CO., 123 Pearl St., Syracuse, N. Y. Dealers may find our list on supplementary pages of Trade Annual, page 53. Send for price list. 1912.] 35 THE DIAL Association Books First Editions Autographs THE MANAS PRESS, 3 Castle Park, ROCHESTER, N. Y. THE BEAUTIFUL NECESSITY, by CLAUDE BRAGDON, Price $2, postage 12 cts. "A remarkable study in the analysis of abstract beaty, illustrated with concrete examples. . . . It is doubtful if any other modern work shows such ingenious and erudite study or exposition.”—The International Studio. EPISODES FROM AN UNWRITTEN HISTORY, by CLAUDE BRAGDON. Price 50 cents, postage 3 cents. An interesting account of the history of the Theosophical movement, with vivid pen pictures of the important persons. JAMES F. DRAKE (INC.) 4 WEST FORTIETH STREET The Study-Guide Series NEW YORK CATALOGUE ON REQUEST For use in Secondary Schools : The Study of Ivanboe; Four Idylls, etc. For Superintendents. 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Schwalbath of all Pulilanan at Reimed Prices Hinds and Noble, 31-33-35 West 15th St., N. Y. City. Write for Catalogue. Dainty and Unique Calendar Df Interest to Librarians of the Southland The books advertised and reviewed in this magazine can be purchased from us at advantageous prices by for 1912 The Dixie Book of Days Public Libraries, Schools, Colleges, and Universities A useful, entertaining, and instructive art-calendar, with daily quotations that reveal the romance, folk- lore, humor, literature, and history of the South. Distinctively Southern but national in interest In addition to these books we have an excep- tionally large stock of the books of all pub- lishers - a more complete assortment than can be found on the shelves of any other bookstore in the United States. We solicit orders and correspondence from libraries. The cover-design is handsomely illustrated with photogravures of noted events in American history. and the inside sheets each cover one week and have space for notes. Printed in two colors throughout. Price, $1.00. Order through your bookstore. Or sent by mail on receipt of price. LIBRARY DEPARTMENT A. C. McCLURG & Co. PAGE PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION Dept. L. 849 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md. CHICAGO 36 [Jan. 1, 1912. THE DIAL THE YALE REVIEW A New American Quarterly EDITED BY WILBUR L. CROSS Author of The Life and Times of Laurence Sterne," The Development of the English Novel," etc. and by a staff of well-known American Scholars in the fields of literature, science, history, finance, and public affairs ESTABLISHED OCTOBER, 1911 OCTOBER CONTENTS · War” by William Grabam Sumner “Thackeray's Centenary” by Henry A.Beers "The Specialist in the Professor's Chair by E. P. Morris "Epidemic Poliomyelitis, or Infantile Paralysis” by Simon Flexner A Living Rate for the Railroads" by Morrell W. Gaines "The Present Condition and Tendencies of the Drama" by William Lyon Phelps 'The Postmaster-General' by Henry Barrett Learned “Antonio Fogazzaro" by Kenneth McKenzie “ Arizona Pines” by Arthur Colton “Poetry" “Armistice” by Frederick Erastus Pierce “I Know a Garden" by Lee Wilson Dodd JANUARY CONTENTS "Why Canada Rejected Reciprocity" by a Canadian The Irish Theatre and the People's by Lady Gregory “The Plays of John M. Synge" by Charles A. Bennett “Simplified City Government” by Clinton Rogers Woodruff “The Making of a Democrat" by Grant Showerman “A Group of Lyrics by Robert Munger “Theodore Dwight Woolsey" by Theodore S. Woolsey “The Cost of Adequate Nutrition" by Frank P. Underhill “The Sherman Act and Business” by Guy W. 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TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian “We are going to write about it all,” says postage 50 cents per year ertra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by erpress or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Mr. H. G. Wells in his recent remarks about Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- the contemporary novel. “ We are going to scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription write about business and finance and politics, is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to and precedence and pretentiousness and de- THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. corum and indecorum, until a thousand pre- Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office tences and ten thousand impostures shrivel in at Chicago, Minois, under Act of March 3, 1879. the cold clear air of our elucidations." Mr. No. 614. JANUARY 16, 1912. Wells, having qualified himself by both obser- Vol. LII. vation and experience, has written about a good deal of it already, and his industry is such that CONTENTS. he seems quite capable of completing the job RAW MATERIAL 39 before he lays down his pen - or perhaps we should say, before his fingers cease from thump- THE SPLENDID YEARS OF MODERN LITERA- TURE. Charles Leonard Moore 40 | ing the keys of his writing-machine. He and his fellow-workers have certainly set about the CASUAL COMMENT 42 The sudden death of Alfred Tennyson Dickens.- business in thoroughgoing fashion, having not The interesting outcome of a publishing dispute. only written about pretty nearly everything, but Last year's list of dead authors.--Schools of printing having also contrived to jar the pedestal upon in the United States.-The Coonskin Library.-A Dickens centenary fund. Studying English authors which many an old-fashioned notion of justice in their native habitat.-Aëronautic fiction for young and morality has seemed to stand secure. We readers.- The post office sale of misdirected books. do not think that these associated iconoclasts An early Browning centenary celebration. have really smashed many images, but they have COMMUNICATION. 44 Facsimiles of Early English Texts. J. W. Cunliffe. stirred up a great intellectual rumpus, and they have found a half-educated public ready to ap- A SOLDIER'S MEMORIES AND REFLECTIONS. plaud their efforts. Percy F. Bicknell . 45 This is all very well in a way, because activity THE THREE EGYPTS. F. B. R. Hellems . 46 is always better than sluggishness in matters of BOOKS ABOUT WILD ANIMALS. Charles Atwood the intellect, and no one will claim that the whole Kofoid . 49 of social truth has been sorted out and packed THE CASE OF A FAMOUS ANARCHIST. Roy and labelled. But it is rather amusing to note Temple House 50 the sort of following that gathers about our RECENT POETRY. William Morton Payne 52 preachers of new gospels. The young men and Miss Bates's America the Beautiful, and Other Poems. Miss Peabody's The Singing Man. women, unbalanced for lack of reflection and Fletcher's The Overture, and Other Poems.-Kil uninformed for lack of serious educational ap- mer's Summer of Love. -Low's The Sailor Who Has Sailed, and Other Poems.-Cheney's At the plication, who rally around the new standard Silver Gate. — Coleridge's New Poems. Drink- bearers, do not greatly impress the judicious water's Poems of Men and Hours. – Binns's The observer, because they are so evidently without Wanderer, and Other Poems.-Doyle's Songs of the Road.--Olive Custance's The Inn of Dreams.-Dolf poise or background. They have not in their Wyllarde's Verses. hands the touchstones of criticism, whether for BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ideas or the expression of ideas; and one may 56 Glimpses of Emerson's daily life .- A prophet of shrewdly suspect that they would not know the classic revival of Art in America.-A versatile how to use them if they had. They get into a and erratic man of letters.-Story-tellers of our time. -One of the best of books on India.-Development state of great excitement about some modern of our dramatic literature.-A study of wages in the writer who deals with a vital subject in a third- United States. – Relations of psychology and con class way, whereas if they were really acquainted duct.—Thirty-six years in the Orient. with literature they would know that the same BRIEFER MENTION 59 subject had been dealt with in a first-class way NOTES 60 long before. So they naïvely go their way, un- LIST OF NEW BOOKS earthing mare's nests and cygnifying geese, all . . . . . 61 . 40 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL . the while accompanying their discoveries with it impelled one novelist to wonder why a recent gleeful shouts and the deliverance of cocksure book of hisa singularly revolting performance judgments. And their most fervent applause - which he asserted to contain more “raw ma- goes to the writer whose defiance is expressed terial” than any other book written in America, in the spirit of the naughty youngster whose had received no attention in this journal. The “I disbelieve wholly in everything. There !” assertion is fully borne out by the contents of broke up a certain " session of the poets.” the book in question, and it is precisely because These young disciples of a new dispensation its material was still "raw" when offered to seem to believe that their popular prophets are the public that we did not deem it deserving of for the first time bringing literature into its own. notice. The last thing our essayist would have This is being done by letting down the bars of claimed would be that because literature de- reticence on all sides, and by noisily disputing mands a free supply of “raw materials” it should the validity of all hitherto accepted beliefs. Now dump them upon the market in that form, or reticence may possibly go too far, but no sane that it is absolved from all artistic responsibility person can deny that there are ugly things in for their shaping. The essay was not a plea for life that had better be kept in the dark corners license, or for slackness of workmanship, or for of consciousness. If they are to be given light anything but freedom from the limitations upon and air at all, it must be under the control of choice of theme which, it may freely be admitted, a severe artistic discipline, and not under the hemmed in somewhat too closely the English impulse of a desire for sensational exploitation. writers of the Victorian period. It is one thing An ugly subject is involved in the stories of to take this position, and quite another to con- Edipus, and Beatrice Cenci, and Siegmund done the course which in the case of continental and Sieglinde; but it becomes beautiful without literature has of recent years borne such evil offence in the glorious art of Sophocles and fruits. The fight for free raw material will go Shelley and Wagner. It is the manner and on, if it be not already won; but with it will not the matter that counts, and the world has go on the fight for restraint, and decency, and taken a long stride toward decency and fitness in artistic form in literature, and in the life which its repudiation of the grosser manner of treat literature at once reflects and moulds, the fight ment which found popular favor not so many for the principle that hot individual desire does generations ago. Again, it may be that some of not provide the sole test of conduct, and has no the moral judgments of the world need revising, claims that are paramount to those of the social but it must not be forgotten that there is an body whereof each individual is a member. immense presumption in favor of the conclusions to which accumulated experience has led, and that the wisdom of the ages is not lightly to be THE SPLENDID YEARS OF MODERN upset. The case for conservatism is not based LITERATURE. upon unreasoning prejudice, but partly upon this presumption, and partly upon the instinct Criticism is in the main a discovery of the known, which warns the wise that, however strong may an exploration of the familiar. The contours, the appear the argument for some radical innova- comparative heights, the water-sheds of literary crea- tion, there are sure to come in its train unfore- tion and thought are in a state of apparent change. seen and incalculable consequences which may Each generation fixes them to suit itself; but new put its advocates to confusion after the mischief geodetic surveys are always needed. But every sur- put its advocates to confusion after the mischief | veyor's report swarms with errors. Literary work, is done. once done, is certain enough in itself, but opinion We published not long ago an essay by one about it varies. It is like a cloud trying to form a of our most valued contributors upon the fight judgment in regard to the solid earth. Nevertheless, for free raw materials in literature. It was a the attempt to fix the true relations of the eminences sober statement of the rightful claim of litera- and valleys of human creation must go on. Hardly ture to deal with all subjects of vital human anything is more important for us than to know what concern, - implying, of course, that the treat- in the literature of the past we ought most to admire ment should be informed and responsible. As and emulate. far as it found fault with existing conditions, it produced in modern times? National prejudices, What is the most important body of literature did so because prudery and hypocrisy seem to class feelings, the interests and passions of mankind, impede the free motion of the creative spirit, and becloud such an inquiry. One can only offer an the rule of “pedants and pedagogues” to be too opinion and an argument. To me it seems that much in evidence. Among other consequences, setting aside Goethe, who was a world in himself — 1912.] 41 THE DIAL - the work done by the generation which gave the to the making of Wordsworth, is not spirituál: He Romantic revival to England surpasses anything is the lord of the supersensuous, of that unreal world that has been done anywhere else during the last of glamor and dream image which is the most real two hundred years. thing in existence for the finer sort of minds. It The English eighteenthcentury literature, won. was his poetry and criticism that really broke the derful as it is in variety and human compass, is dis eighteenth century's cast-iron system of common tinctly on a lower plane. In effectiveness, the work sense, made explicable the great poetry of the past, of the Encyclopædists in France was perhaps as great; and gave the new men the keys to that domain. but the torches of Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot There are two great divisions among writers were blown out by the blaze they kindled. Few of those who speak for themselves, and those through their books have intrinsic permanent value. The whom others speak,—in other words, the lyric and great French outburst of 1830 was measurably a the dramatic types. Largely this era was a lyric replica of the preceding English one, to which it was one, an era of great personalities who swept the inferior in splendor and genetic power. Chateau world with their passion or their grief. But it had briand and Lamartine inherit from Byron. Hugo its supreme creative artist in Scott, who was ob- and Dumas hold from Scott. Swinburne called jective even in his poetry. It is an Arab supersti- Musset Byron's attendant dwarf: perhaps it would tion that he who draws or paints the picture of a be fairer to say that he is Shakespeare's page. human being must on the Last Day furnish it with Russian literature, built up during the last century, a soul to be condemned or rewarded. What an is wanting in light and distinction; it is a literature expense Scott would be in that case! And amid without fresh air. To an outsider, at least, it seems the cohorts of the man-created, what a vast and like a confused and dreary struggle in the dark predominant array would owe allegiance to him! the tumult of men in a prison from which they Byron was the dynamo of his generation -- the cannot escape. The literature of the Scandinavian most splendid figure, the greatest force, English peoples sounds a good deal like the shrieks of men literature has produced. Like Tamburlane holloa- undergoing torture. In Italy, Manzoni was of the ing to the harnessed Kings of Asia, Byron could blood of Scott and Byron; and while Leopardi is boast of driving the intellect of Europe in leash. unique, he is not large enough to weigh down the His influence extended everywhere, from Russia to scales against the Englishmen. Our American lit the two Americas. His world was the world of erature, except for the work of one or two poets, is passion and politics and affairs, but in this world too tame and secondary to come into comparison. his books were events comparable with the French And recent English literature seems to see life as Revolution or the campaigns of Napoleon. And through a telescope reversed; everything is small his track is not yet a faded one. The richness and or blurred. Tennyson is the idyllist, a maker of splendor of his literary gifts will keep his works small though perfect things. Carlyle in the com alive when those of Voltaire and Rousseau are pany of the great Georgians would almost show like comparatively forgotten. Thersites in the Grecian camp, or like the lame Shelley was the prophet of his time, a Memnon Vulcan on Olympus. Altogether it is hard to see of to-morrow. It only needs a glance at contempo- anywhere such a company of proud and peculiar rary literature and life to see how much his spirit presences, such a senate of intellect, as appeared is awake. The seed ideas that he flung about have in England about the beginning of the nineteenth taken root, are growing on every side. In a literary century. way, he brought into the world a haunting strain of It really began with Burns: for though he belongs music, new and perfect, which must live on even if to the eighteenth century by his satire and didactic his ideas and policies wither away. turn, he sounded pretty nearly all the notes of the All these men were something more than writers, its rebellion, its romance, its personal but Keats was literature incarnate — the pure artist passion. He is more like Goethe than any other living for image and expression. Borrowing from the modern, and as far as he goes he is quite as great. best of his predecessors, he attained such mastery of Goethe's most characteristic qualities — intense nat language that he set his samp upon two generations uralness and undeviating truth are more than of his followers, as Pope did on two generations of matched by the author of the Scotch songs, “Tam his. Perhaps such richly floriated work has been O'Shanter" and "The Jolly Beggars." overdone: there is need to recur to the granite Wordsworth is surely the modern king of the spir- | foundation-stuff of thought and feeling. But in itual world. He dwelt in a region beyond the ken of Keats’s mature work there is no weakness. Large- most poets — a place of high tranquillity where the ness and loveliness were never more perfectly welded bird of peace sits brooding on the calmed wave. together. The poet of nature — yes, but his nature is not the These were the stars of first magnitude in that catalogue of outward things which even great poets English constellation. It speaks volumes for their give; it is the verity to which man is only an inci- brilliancy when an orb like Landor could roll by un- dent; it is the melting-pot of generations; it is the attached, unnoticed; when the novel world of Miss very body of the Eternal himself. Austen could spring into being in their midst with- Coleridge, though he gave a good part of his mind out attracting attention. There is enough good read- new era 42 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL If we DEATH ing in Landor so.givę.us measureless content; Miss Goethe. But in the mass they surpass any but the Austen is surely the equal of any English novelist, greatest of those. Vast and various as the world's excepting Dickens, since her day; yet when we literature has become since, I doubt if taken to- think of them in connection with the Georgian group, gether it is equal in value to the work of those few neither of them looms large. years in one country. For one thing, recent litera- And the satellites of this system were mighty and ture has taken a turn downward. It has largely self-shining lights. There was Moore, a true and exchanged verse for prose; it has mingled with the tender lyrist who knew better than most of them crowd on the levels, instead of staying with the how to make a song. There was Campbell, whose shining ones on the hills; it has dealt very exclu- resonant verse expressed a nation's exultation as it sively with the passive peculiarities of women, has never been done before or since. There were rather than with the active energies of men. Hazlitt, Lamb, Leigh Hunt, DeQuincey, and Wilson, are going to have a great literature again, it seems -essayists who as a group can hardly be matched to me that we must think a great deal on the in literature. There were writers of single remark. | Georgian epoch. able books — Godwin, Beckford, Mrs. Shelley. All CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. told, the display was dazzling. It was preeminently an age of poets. Prose has been winning on poetry in every language in mod- CASUAL COMMENT. ern times. The greatest triumphs of the men of 1830 in France were prose triumphs; and the same THE SUDDEN OF ALFRED TENNYSON may fairly be said of the Victorian writers. But DICKENS, senior surviving member of the great nov- in the English Romantic revival, poetry made its elist's family, and godson of the late poet-laureate, last great stand for supremacy. The verse of Burns adds one more to the list of unfortunate occurrences and Scott and Byron swept the world. For a time, in connection with the celebration, already begun, of prose was in eclipse. Now, putting aside any other the Dickens centenary year. Mr. Snowden Ward element of superiority, the concentration of verse who was to have lectured on the novelist, has been gives it a far greater chance of immortality than removed by death; the much-advertised Dickens prose possesses. Verse is to prose as diamonds are stamp failed to make itself as popular as had been to dust. It lasts longer, and value is more easily hoped ; and now he who was to have played a lead- portable in it. As books accumulate in incredible ing part in the centennial festivities has been ab- numbers, it looks as if the race would have to throw ruptly stricken down while lecturing in this country away all but the most concentrated and quintessen- on his father's life and works. The sad event is tial records of its experience. Time will do what the more to be regretted because, had Mr. Dickens the Caliph Omar did to winnow our libraries. But lived even a little longer, he would have learned with poetry takes up comparatively little space, and it is satisfaction of the action now being taken by a num- easily remembered. ber of wealthy Americans, headed by Mr. Henry The Georgian era was an era of youth. Nearly Clews, the banker, to raise a fund in honor of Charles all its writers did their great work early, and the Dickens and for the aid of those of his descendants majority of them died young. The personalities to whom such aid is likely to be welcome. Mr. and actions of the young are certainly more attract Dickens had been in America since last September, ive to mankind than those that pertain to mature visiting different cities and addressing interested humanity. Balzac may discover the middle-aged audiences on the unfailingly popular subject, Charles heroine, but she will never displace the Juliets and Dickens the man and the writer. Gretchens in the affection of the world. Again, the Georgians were a race of divine ama THE INTERESTING OUTCOME OF A PUBLISHING teurs. Among the chiefs, Scott was the only pro DISPUTE reaches us from Paris. Some time ago fessional author the only one who deliberately comment was made in these columns on M. Anatole wrote for money. Schopenhauer said that the ruin France's very natural objection to the publication of literature came about when men found that they of a French history which he had written twenty- could make money by books. A great part of mod seven years before as a piece of hack-work, and which ern literature reads as if it was written to provide had apparently not seemed to the publisher worth frocks for the authors' wives. Those who work printing until its author's increasing fame gave it a with such ulterior motive must keep a wary eye on factitious value. Unwilling to have his name at- the market; they must cog and flatter and palter. tached to a crude and immature performance, the The Georgians wrote in scorn of consequence. writer invoked the aid of the law to prevent it. His They could play at pitch-and-toss with the universe. counsel, M. Raymond Poincaré, consulted the his- They could dare everything. torian Lavisse in the matter, and Professor Lavisse All in all, then, I think it is tolerably certain that expressed himself in no uncertain terms. “ It is not the Georgian outburst was the most important ap to be permitted,” he said, “ that a historian should parition of literary genius that the world has seen be forced to publish a history written by him twenty- in modern times. No single figure of its group seven years ago. In so long a period the world has is equal to Shakespeare or Milton or Molière or changed, the historian likewise.” After dwelling - 1912.] 43 THE DIAL on the ripening effect of time and experience on any bus Trade School, Columbus, O.; the Cleveland author, he cited the instance of Duruy, the historian Elementary Industrial School, Cleveland, O. He of Rome, whose first two volumes, written before his omitted those industrial schools for negroes which ministry of state, are markedly inferior in richness give practical instruction in printing ; at Tuskegee, and power to the subsequent volumes that'were writ for instance, and at the Utica Normal and Industrial ten after those years of public life and of history- | Institute, Utica, Miss., the students print the monthly making in his own person. The compromise finally papers of their schools, after the necessary teaching proposed by the publisher of the work now under dis- and practice. cussion was that the date of writing should appear THE COONSKIN LIBRARY, which came into being on the first page of the book, to which the party of one hundred and eight years ago, in Ames Township, the other part consented on condition that the cover Athens County, Ohio, claims no relationship with should bear the further inscription, “ Published the Pigskin Library of a century later. Miss Mary against the will of M. Anatole France.” The pub- lisher not relishing this undesirable form of advertis- E. Downey, library-organizer of Ohio, in her late address before the Federation of Women's Clubs of ing, the matter was left to the court's decision, which that state, an address now issued in pamphlet form was given in favor of the author, the publisher being by the Ohio Board of Library Commissioners, re- ordered to return the MS. and cancel the contract. lates the history of the Coonskin Library. Athens County saw but little ready money in the early nine- LAST YEAR'S LIST OF DEAD AUTHORS includes the teenth century; but the woods were full of animals names of Antonio Fogazzaro, a novelist of world clothed in valuable furs, and when one Samuel Brown wide fame; William S. Gilbert, known to every made a business trip to Boston he took a wagon- lover of the mirthful in printed verse and in acted load of skins and traded them for books, obtaining opera of the lighter sort; Thomas Wentworth fifty-one volumes for the peltry. When the Western Higginson, one of the last survivors of that honored Library Association of Ames Township was organ- company of authors who made New England cele- ized, in 1804, a certain Thomas Ewing, apparently brated in letters ; Charles Battell Loomis, master of inspired by this experience of Samuel Brown's, con- a wholesome humor that many right-minded readers tributed ten coonskins, his entire wealth ; whence enjoyed; David Graham Phillips, who achieved the name “Coonskin Library.” He says of it later: much popularity and some distinction as a novelist; “ It was well selected; the library of the Vatican Francis A. March, one of the most learned of philol was nothing to it, and there never was a library ogists, who wrote in a way to interest even the better read.” In 1816 the collection suffered some unlearned; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, who disintegration, a part of it going to Dover upon the knew how to point a moral and at the same time formation of the Dover Library Association. Some tell a love-story; Eugene F. Ware, who achieved na of the books were given to the Athens Pioneer Asso- tional fame as “ Ironquill ”; Katherine C. Thurston, ciation, others were sold to William P. Cutler of who wrote at least one novel that was widely read Washington County, and still others, in 1876, were and discussed on two continents; Myrtle Reed, sent to the Centennial at Philadelphia and were whose books gained many thousands of appreciative never returned. readers; and, last in date of decease, John Bigelow, A DICKENS CENTENARY FUND is being raised the earliest born and among the foremost in influ- ence and power. by the London “ Daily Telegraph," the much- discussed Dickens stamp having failed to yield the SCHOOLS OF PRINTING IN THE UNITED STATES revenue hoped for by the would-be benefactors of are a rapidly developing feature of industrial edu the novelist's five grandchildren who are said to be cation. A few weeks ago Mr. John Cotton Dana, in not exactly opulent circumstances. The first in an address introducing the second course of lec week's subscriptions to the fund are reported as tures at the Harvard Graduate School of Business amounting to a little more than two thousand pounds. Administration, ran over the list of such schools, so Those publishers who have enriched themselves far as he had been able to gather the necessary from the sales of the immortal novels are said to be information. He enumerated, in addition to the conspicuous by their absence from the company Harvard School, the Inland Printer Technical of subscribers. Authors, on the other hand, and School in Chicago, under direction of the Interna- especially novelists, have generously responded, the tional Typographical Union Commission on Supple- considerable givers including Mrs. Humphry Ward, mental Trade Education; the courses in connection Mr. Rudyard Kipling, and Miss Marie Corelli. with the School of Journalism at the State Uni “Next to Shakespeare and Keats,” says Miss Corelli, versity of Washington; the instruction in printing “ Dickens has ever been my closest author-friend.” at the United States Indian School, Carlisle, Pa.; the North End Union School of Printing, Boston; STUDYING ENGLISH AUTHORS IN THEIR NATIVE the New York Trade School, at 67th St. and First HABITAT is to be the agreeable occupation of a class Ave., New York; the Empire Mergenthaler Lino now forming at the University of Chicago under the type School, 419 First Ave., New York; the Colum direction of Professor William D. MacClintock of 11 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL the English literature department. It is hoped to in December, listened to talks on the poet and his enlist about thirty students, and preparation for the works and examined a fine collection of first editions summer's work will go on during the winter, and of the poems, brought from the Browning alcove of will consist of study of English topography and of the Boston Public Library for the occasion. This col. English literary history, with attention to the prob- lection is said to be the most nearly complete of any lems of literary technique. The special study to be in the world, lacking only one item, the “ Pauline,' taken up by these vacationists abroad will be “The Browning's first published work. This volume, as Background and Environment, Physical and Human, it chances, the Boston Browning Society once had an of Modern English Literature.” Similar courses of opportunity to buy for one hundred and fifty dollars, study have already been engaged in by university but let the golden opportunity slip; and now the classes in Greece, Rome, and Palestine; and the field same stodgy-looking little book commands nearly ten work is to be modelled after the excursions conducted times that amount. This interesting meeting devoted by the departments of geology and botany. Some its attention largely to the coming centenary of thing unobtainable in the library and the study Browning's birth, in May. will doubtlessly be gained by these field-workers. Whether it will bring a richer enjoyment and a fuller understanding of English literature than the stay-at-home can acquire in his arm-chair will of COMMUNICATION. course depend largely on the individual student. FACSIMILES OF EARLY ENGLISH TEXTS. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) AËRONAUTIC FICTION FOR YOUNG READERS is May I ask your good offices to communicate to the already considerable in quantity, and likely to in- members of the Modern Language Association, and crease rapidly, though the airship novel for adults others interested, some information which arrived just has not yet made itself conspicuous. Among juve too late to be reported at the recent meeting of the nile books in this class may be noted Mr. Harry Association at Chicago? Professor Gollancz writes that Collingwood's “ With Airship and Submarine, arrangements have been made, through the generosity Captain F. S. Brereton's “The Great Aëroplane," of a private donor, for the publication of the facsimile Mr. W.J. Hopkins's “ The Airship Dragon-fly,” Mr. of the Caedmon MS. by the Oxford University Press Herbert Strang's “King of the Air: To Morocco in for the British Academy, to commemorate the tercen- an Airship," and Mr. H. L. Sayler's series, “ The tenary of the Authorized Version of the Bible. It is expected that the facsimile will be issued early next Airship Boys,” “The Airship Boys Adrift,” “The year, and it is understood that the rights of American Airship Boys Due North,” and “The Airship Boys subscribers are to be safeguarded; i.e., subscribers under in the Barren Lands." As soon as the staying the last scheme will not be obliged to accept this repro- powers of this wonderful chariot of the skies are duction, but will have the privilege of renewing their somewhat further developed, we shall probably have subscriptions at the same price, five guineas. The ordi- “ Around the World in an Airship” and “ To the nary published price will not be less than six guineas. North Pole in an Airship.” Gloriously unfettered Any other member of the Modern Language Association by physical laws is the “scientific imagination" of of America who subscribes through the undersigned the story-writer. before the date of publication is to have a copy at the lower price. Professor Gollancz writes that the Early THE POST-OFFICE SALE OF MISDIRECTED BOOKS, English Text Society has now ready facsimiles of which formed no inconsiderable part of the ten thou “Cotton Nero Ax” (containing “Pearl,” “Cleanness," sand dollars' worth of miscellaneous articles disposed “ Patience,” and “Sir Gawayne'), the first issue of the of by auction in last year's clearance sale of postal series to commemorate the lamented founder and direc- matter of unascertainable ownership, amounted to tor of the Society, Mr. Furnivall. The first volume will one thousand two hundred and twenty-two pack- be limited to 250 copies, and the published price will be three guineas; members of the Modern Language Asso- ages. Nearly every language spoken in our broad ciation who subscribe through the undersigned before land was represented in the collection, which in. March 1 are to have the volume at £2. 53. The repro- cluded, as a special curiosity, a Choctaw version of duction contains the illustrations as well as the texts, the Book of Psalms. In the entire lot Bibles and and is of the same size as the MS. In addition to the books on religious topics predominated. If more issue of the whole MS., 150 copies of “ Pearl," each than a thousand books were misdirected, how many page printed on a separate sheet, have been prepared. thousands, or perhaps hundreds of thousands, must The price of this volume, or rather portfolio, will be have been carried by the mails ! 25 shillings. Subscribers before publication, who are times that number would be thus carried every members of the Modern Language Association, may ob- tain the “ Pearl” facsimile for one guinea by ordering year if we had, what many another country has, a through the undersigned. No money is to be sent to thorough-going parcels-post system ! me, merely the formal order for the facsimile desired. J. W. CUNLIFFE, AN EARLY BROWNING CENTENARY CELEBRATION (Chairman of the M. L. A. Committee seems already to have been held in Boston, where for the Reproduction of Early Texts). the local Browning Society, at its regular meeting University of Wisconsin, Madison, January 8, 1912. And how many 1912.] 45 THE DIAL State house and the commission was revoked. The New Books. “ As I had enlisted to serve my country and not for a war with the Governor of my State," A SOLDIER'S MEMORIES AND REFLECTIONS.* tersely writes the object of this affront, “I re- General Miles's book, “Serving the Repub- I had been sworn into the service of the general luctantly returned the commission upon which lic,” though covering much of the ground gone over in his“ Personal Recollections and Observa. government and accepted the commission of tions of the Civil War and Indian Campaigns, First Lieutenant of Company E, 22d Massachu- setts Infantry.” published five years ago, brings in so many new and interesting details, and also contains so ex- Joining Wadsworth's brigade of FitzJohn cellent though brief an account of the Spanish- Porter's division, the young lieutenant continued American War and his own important albeit with the Army of the Potomac, and rapidly rose, unspectacular part therein, as to entitle it to a through successive promotions for gallantry and place beside such military memoirs as Grant's, efficiency, to the office of brigadier-general of Sherman's, Sheridan's and Howard's. Cam- volunteers in the spring of 1864, when he was paigns and battles participated in by him are not yet twenty-five, and of major-general of vol- described with soldierly directness and brevity, unteers in October of the following year. His but not without those occasional turns of expres- brigadier-generalship in the regular army came sion necessary to impart vividness and pictur- attainment to his present rank in 1900. Par- in 1880, his major-generalship in 1890, and his esqueness to the narrative. Proud of his New England birth and upbring- ticipating in of the bloodiest battles of the many war, General Miles was several times wounded, ing, General Miles regards his birthplace (West- minster, Mass.) as the one best place in the once so severely as to incapacitate him for active world to be born in. “ No more ideal setting the summer of the Gettysburg fight. service just when he was most eager to act—in A short for innocent and happy childhood,” he declares, “could be found than my home, the recollection passage from the writer's account of Antietam of which I naturally cherish, and my happiest officer was made. will serve to show of what stuff the young memories are of that period of my life and the “Our brigade moved on to the field in the second pleasures, influences, and associations that it line. After the first brigade had become engaged we held.” The active sports of a country lad, such were called into action and succeeded in turning the as riding, swimming, skating, coasting, ball. right flank of the corps opposed to us, breaking the line playing, hunting and trapping, were engaged in and then wheeling to the right and enfilading what is with hearty zest, while the more contemplative known as the Bloody Lane. Our regiment charged the enemy occupying that position, and succeeded in captur- pleasures of nature-study also gave him whole- ing it with over two hundred prisoners and a stand of some enjoyment and helped to lay the founda colors. After the engagement, this sunken road pre- tions of a physical constitution that afterward sented one of the most horrible scenes of the war. It carried him through the hardships of military was practically filled with dead and wounded, while the ground in front and rear was strewn with bodies of service. Averse to the studious confinement of men engaged on both sides. It was here that Colonel a college course, the young man supplemented Francis C. Barlow, a fearless and accomplished officer, bis high-school education with a few years of was severely wounded and carried from the field, leav- commercial experience in Boston ; and when the ing me in command of the regiment, my first experience call to arms came in 1861 he found himself, by as a field officer under fire. However, my first order was to advance, and from the Bloody Lane we drove the his early readings and ambitions, irresistibly enemy through the cornfield and orchard, and remained impelled to take part in the impending conflict. there, with nothing on our right or left, until ordered Curiously enough in the light of subsequent back to a line occupied by the other troops.” events, he was destined at the very outset to en The author's campaigns against the Indians of counter petty and irksome hindrance of a polit- the Northwest fill several chapters of his book, ical nature. After spending all the money he and are followed by observations on “ Indian possessed, and twenty-five hundred dollars that Life and Problems," with a reprint of his “ North he had borrowed, in raising and equipping a American Review” article entitled “The Indian company, and after being chosen captain of the Problem.” From the account of operations lead- company and duly appointed by the governor, ing up to the capture of the redoubtable Chief political pressure was brought to bear at the Joseph, of the Nez Percés, we quote a stirring *SERVING THE REPUBLIC. Memoirs of the Civil and passage. Military Life of Nelson A. Miles, Lieutenant-General, United “ We were early on the march, September 30th, and States Army. Illustrated. New York: Harper & Brothers. soon one of our Indians came dashing back, reporting 46 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL the discovery of the Indian camp. Without a halt our ization less happily suited to his genius than the troops formed line of battle, each trooper secured his straightforward record of campaigns and battles. cartridge belt, and, with carbine or rifle in hand, galloped forward prepared for action. A more spirited, resolute To the attainment of accuracy in this record he body of men I have never seen go into battle. Every has, as he says in his preface, devoted his earn- nerve and fiber seemed to be animated, aud every eye est efforts, in order that what he writes may be sparkled with fire. The transformation of our Indian at least authentic. And so his book is not only allies was spectacular and almost instantaneous. The very readable and confidence-inspiring history old horses and mules they were riding were rushed into a ravine; their old hats, clothing, and useless parapher- in itself, but also a source from which future nalia were cached; their strong, fresh war ponies, with writers will draw in compiling the history of our a rawhide lariat around the necks and under jaws, but time. Its illustrations include some excellent without saddles or bridles, were quickly mounted. In drawings by Mr. Howard Chandler Christy full war paint, with gorgeously feathered and beaded and Mr. T. de Thulstrup, with many portraits. war bonnets, buckskin girdles about the loins, moccasins, and rifles and cartridge belts, the warriors were fully Maps of Porto Rico and of Western United equipped for the fray, as gamy a looking body of sav States are given; also appended matter consist- ages as could be imagined. ing of the author's “ North American Review Three pithy chapters, “The War with Spain,” article on “Our Unwatered Empire," and his “ Campaigning in Cuba,” and “The Capture of congratulatory General Order to the army from Porto Rico," give the significant facts of our late Siboney after the Spanish surrender. A ten- inglorious conflict, which, even in the opinion of page index closes the book. this military author, so far as it can be inferred PERCY F. BICKNELL. from his discreetly reticent pages, might easily have been avoided and its ultimate objects at- tained by peaceable means. But, as he remarks, THE THREE EGYPTS.* “ the advocacy of certain of the press journals, as well as the clamor of a portion of our people, him back to an instructive series of encounters The three books now before the reviewer carry continued until the war frenzy predominated.” on the Nile. The flies were thick at Luxor, the The retention of the commanding general in this country while his subordinates were sent forth gently moving dust was persistently penetrative, to win glory at San Juan and elsewhere, we and the sun was most glaring, when two of our find recorded with characteristic brevity by the fellow countrymen entered the office of Thomas Cook-abhorred of Pierre Loti, but blessed by author ; but in closing his narrative of those countless thousands. “You better get it fixed final movements of his in person which resulted in the Spanish surrender at Santiago and in the so we can start back to Cairo tonight, or they bloodless capture of Porto Rico, he does venture will make us go on to Assouan.” The words were simple, but as they issued from the stout on something like criticism, implied rather than gentleman's thick red lips they conveyed utter direct, of our government's policy. He says: weariness of temples and tombs, supreme con- “I shall always regret that I did not go immediately tempt for the alleged glories of Egyptian archi- to the Philippine Islands, as I have always believed that from my experience in other campaigns, and with other tecture and sunsets on the Nile, and a regular people under similar conditions I could have prevented seventeen-seventy-six declaration that henceforth any serious controversy and certainly hostilities between he would live his own life and be bullied no the military forces of the United States and the millions longer into feigned enjoyment of dead Pharaohs, of people of the archipelago. The people of the Philip naked fellaheen, and creaking sakiyehs. So he pine Islands had suffered the oppression of foreign rule for three hundred years, and were entitled to the sym- escaped from the trip to Assouan, even as from pathy of the world. With heroic efforts they had con the shadow of death, and returned to Cairo, tended against their oppressors; they had produced where we found him two weeks later. He was statesmen and patriots of the highest order. Such men as José Rizal and Mabine will ever render the history perfectly happy. The mixed throngs, the bustle of their race immortal. They had formed a government and stir, the very exactions of the “swell” hotels, and framed a constitution copied after our own.” made him thrill with joy. “Great town this,” The author ends his book with the close of *IN THE TIME OF THE PHARAOHS. By Alexandre Moret. his active service in 1903. It is the narrative Translated by Mme. Moret. Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. of a man of action, passing rapidly from event ORIENTAL CAIRO. The City of the “ Arabian Nights." to event, and written in a manner so unostenta By Douglas Sladen. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lip- tiously effective that one is hardly conscious pincott Co. of its excellence until occasionally the writer IN THE LAND OF THE PHARAOHS. A Short History of Egypt. By Duse Mohamed. Illustrated. New York: pauses to indulge in some reflection or general. | D. Appleton & Co. 1912.] 47 THE DIAL ". . 1 he kept repeating. “You get the real Egypt dise. They could not have carried on their labours here!" All he had seen was the Street of the during several centuries and achieved such colossal re- Camel, and the notorious quarters not far away. sults had they not been supported by popular enthusiasm similar to that which, less than nine centuries ago, pro- He had confused tinsel and bright dyes with moted the construction of the European cathedrals. genuine oriental color, and had managed to The beautiful lines of Sully Prudhomme describe a transform a shifting, picturesque, mongrel mob mason who died, despised, while building the pyramid into the embodiment of cosmopolitanism. But and crying out in vain : 'Il monte, il va, cherchant les dieux et la justice the old Egypt of the Pharaohs and their succes [He climbs, he mounts, seeking gods and justice .] sors had only bored him; Arabic Egypt, still to Yet, this is not the complaint of a victim, it is the be found in a few villages or in some parts of clamour of a whole primitive nation, a cry of hope, of Cairo away from the tourist-crowded thorough- fear, of will, rejoicing that a way to heaven has been fares, had never been revealed to him; and forced open by the triangular apex of the pyramid.” modern Egypt escaped him altogether, for he The theory is really too beautiful; and at the had no preliminary knowledge either of the eco- risk of seeming presumptuous we must state nomic, industrial, and administrative problems that the evidence seems inadequate, and confess of the country, or of the aspirations and activities our adherence to a modified form of the tradi- of the Nationalist party. tional theory that found expression in Herodotus The earliest of the three Egypts our tourist and has been held in some form or other ever might have enjoyed is represented by the first since. But even our moments of occasional volume in our present list, which is a translation disagreement are pleasurable ; and we are glad of six articles appearing originally in the Revue to praise a modest and successful presentation. de Paris. It gives “a popular account of the The book is clearly printed, neatly bound, and interesting but complicated problems raised by helpfully illustrated. the discoveries of the last ten or fifteen To our second volume, “ Oriental Cairo,” we years, and inasmuch as it is written by a competent cally different sense. Mr.Sladen found that Cairo must apply the adjective “popular” in a radi- specialist, it represents the only sort of popu- larizing that should be tolerated on a subject included a glorious mediæval city of the Arabian within the field of serious scholarship. Through-val Arab architecture and unspoiled native Nights, with innumerable monuments of medi- out three hundred pages the reader follows a delightful guide who has a right to speak, and life – in short, the second of our three Egypts. each chapter proves much richer than is promised To this he strives to call attention in a book by its modest caption. For instance, in connec- that he hopes to make "chatty and interesting.” tion with the “ Restoration of the Egyptian Tem- And he unquestionably succeeds; but it seems that he ples” we are told not only how the structures rather pays a ghastly price for his suc- are restored but how they were built and how cess. Obviously, his modest aims forbid criti- they were destroyed. Indeed, the writer's simple cism on questions of scholarship, or even of explanation of the use of the inclined plane, of accuracy ; so we omit any such considerations. terraced embankments, and of primitive machin- But why will a clever man be driven by his ery, carries much more enlightenment than is enthusiasm to perpetrate enormities like the fol- to be gained from many more ambitious lowing: “The desert is well named. It is very essays. Similarly, “ Pharaonic Diplomacy” broadens deserted.” “ The head of the Sphinx - the most out into administrative methods and interna- subtle pieces of sculpture the world ever pro- tional relations. So that by the time we finish duced." “ The statue of Chephren, who built “Egypt before the Pyramids," "The Book of the the second Pyramid of Gizeh, and has an ex- Dead," ”. “ Around the Pyramids,” and “ Magic pression as subtle as that of Leonardo da Vinci's in Ancient Egypt,” we have been neatly intro- Monna Lisa.” If such absurdities, together duced to many fields of Egyptology. with countless impertinent reflections, were Of the disputable views advanced by M. eliminated, the material reorganized with a view Moret, the most interesting is that the Pharaohs to orderly presentation, the superlatives brought were not essentially tyrants exercising a ruthless under reasonable control, and the whole worked rule over their subjects. Only a Frenchman over with patient care, we should have had a could have put his theory in such attractive really welcome book, such as Mr. Sladen at his form as this: best is easily capable of writing. Even as it is, we have enjoyed much of it; and the prospec- “In the eyes of their contemporaries, the Pharaohs were rather benefactors, who put great ideas into tangi- tive leisurely tourist ought to enjoy more. By ble form and enabled a whole nation to conquer Para- 1 reading the book he will not only become theo- 48 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL - an ad retically familiar with our second Egypt, he will lishing partisans allow their emotions to carry also learn “How to Shop in Cairo,” as well as them into arguments that are invalid and posi- how to enjoy the “Humors of the Esbekiya” tions that are untenable. However, our author and countless other entertaining features of this errs no more seriously than the majority of his variegated modern capital. He will even know He will even know co-workers; and his arraignment of Great Bri- the “ Artist's Bits in Cairo," and will receive tain is well worth reading. One of his most explicit directions how to find them. In other entertaining chapters treats of “ The People of words, he need no longer be a “tame tourist Egypt," but even here his opportunity to make in the hands of a masterful dragoman. The book converts is lost by the tendencies to which we itself has a plump, prosperous, and pleasing air, have referred. In writing for prejudiced En- eminently befitting the readable contents. glish or Americans, -and we are hopelessly In bis preliminary note Mr. Sladen claimed prejudiced on the marriage question, for his volume “the saving grace of making vocate does not strengthen his case by going no political comment upon Egyptians ”; but by out of his way to insist that “a religious system the time of the fourth appendix he quotes with which equalizes the status of several wives, and evident glee the text of Mr. Roosevelt's “great which specially insists on the husband treating speech on Egypt at the Guildhall.” With each wife with the same kindness and consid- this he brings us to our third Egypt, which eration, by placing each wife on a basis of is the real theme of Mr. Duse Mohamed's mili- equality, makes for a higher standard of morality tant volume. The author is the son of an Egyp- than the evidently galling monogamy of the tian officer and a Nubian mother, and “since West." Similarly, we are hard to convince 1884 has practically resided in England, where that “Science is the Life of Islam," at least in he began his education in 1876.” He takes up our comprehension of the word science. The his work in the present volume with “Ismail the reviewer is not only a lover of the Orient, but Magnificent,” and gives a history of Egypt, with a strong advocate of peaceful national develop- a running comment, from that period to the ment the world over, wherever it is possible; present. He is a thoroughgoing Nationalist, yet he cannot feel that the supporters of Egyp- and his book may be strongly recommended to tian self-government make a strong showing at all readers who wish to examine that side of a present. However, it is to be hoped that both in very difficult problem. Some will believe that England and America a patient and careful hear- Mr. Mohamed frequently weakens his own case ing will be given to all such genuine enthusiasts by over-straining or by irrelevance. For in as the author of “In the Land of the Pharaohs." stance, he evidently wishes to suggest that the As a closing word, it should be urged that murderer of Boutros Pasha was unfairly con Egypt is well worth seeing and knowing. If victed, because the Egyptian doctors differed the American traveller would give even a single from the English in holding that the victim died intelligent month to the Nile Valley, he would from the operation rather than from the wound; be not less delighted than surprised at the rich- and the much-discussed Guildhall speech of Mr. ness of his gleanings. In the presence of Karnak Roosevelt, “a globe-trotting and scribbling in or Philæ, or the Tombs of the Kings, he must terloper,” goads him into a virulent attack on not expect the rhapsodic raptures felt, or at any the United States. This onslaught may or may rate described, by such veteran thrillers as not be deserved; but it can scarcely be said to Loti or Hichens; but he may experience a gen- bear on the question of Egyptian Nationalism, uine tugging at the heartstrings that will leave nor is it likely to make friends for the cause its effect forever. He must not look for the either in America or England. A leading Na- never-ending variety and brooding charm of tionalist, to whom the reviewer became deeply the real East as found in India; but at any rate indebted while in Egypt, once stated that their he will discover enough of the Orient to afford prominent writers generally injured their cause a vivid contrast to his own western world. And before they reached the end of a book; and he if one may not demand that thirty days shall seems to have been right. It would really be shed final light on the vexed problem of British an easy task to write plausibly in favor of Na- control or national self-government, one may tionalism by appealing to the general sympathy see many significant indications to help toward felt by mankind toward the aspirations of any an intelligent conclusion. But the implied ad- people, and by dwelling upon certain undeniable vice that one should read widely and studiously mistakes of the English controlling body, as in before his visit, would obviously not be needed the Denshawai affair. But invariably the pub- | here. F. B. R. HELLEMS. 1912.] 49 THE DIAL BOOKS ABOUT WILD ANIMALS.* later generations. The plea that the sports- man's bloody business is a necessary panacea The strenuous life of a hunter-naturalist in for effeminateness in lovers of the wilderness Sub-Arctic America, among the Ogilvie and and mountain heights, seems inconclusive if Selwyn Rockies and Pelly Mountains, about not indeed immoral. Some very illuminating the headwaters of the rivers Macmillan, Pelly, observations are recorded in this book concern- and Ross, in 1904 and 1905, is related in Mr. Charles Sheldon's “ Wilderness of the Upper ing the keenness of the power of scent and its Yukon.” The work reveals a keen observer havior of these wild and timid creatures of the dominance over vision in the controlling be- and skilful recorder of the animal life of the northern wilderness whose facile pen enlivens crags, as well as some practical and seemingly well-founded criticisms of Thayer's theory of the narrative of camp routine or oft-repeated concealing coloration as applied to these ani- story of successful chase or stalk of the moun- mals in their native environment. The book tain sheep, caribou, moose, or grizzly bear, amid crags and snowfields above timber-line or in plates after paintings by the artist Rungius has good maps, scientific appendixes, colored forest fastnesses. Photographs of his trophies made in the field, and abundant and generally - magnificent bighorn rams, taken as they lay admirable illustrations (barring those of the victims of his cunning and marksmanship – abound in the book. The author is primarily and stream, the trophies of the hunt, and the carcasses) picturing the scenery of mountain a sportsman, and defends the bloody and ruth- features of camp-life in the wilderness. less extermination of these superb animals on the ground of his love of nature ! The havoc which man plays with the animal life of the land is exceeded, if possible, by his “The hunter-sportsman is a strange combination, possessed by the fascination of hunting and killing the exploitation of the mammals of the sea. A very animals that he loves. . . . I never knew a true hunter, clear idea of the nature and extent of this whole- be he the rough pioneer or the cultured man, who did sale slaughter can be gained from Mr. David not have an intense fondness for the wild animals, a Moore Lindsay's “Voyage to the Arctic in the strong interest in studying them and protecting them, Whaler Aurora," which recounts the experiences and also a desire to alleviate and prevent their suffering; of a surgeon-naturalist on a trip from Dundee to yet there still persists his paradoxical love of hunting and killing them. ... The time may come when most the seal fisheries of Newfoundland and a whaling of us will undertake to work, endure, and suffer the cruise in Greenland waters. The Aurora took hardships of the wilderness, prompted only for love of 28,150 seals on this cruise, and the annual yield it for its own sake. But to many of us, in our present of these fisheries is from 300,000 to 600,000 state, hunting prevents the mere contemplative indul- gence in the beautiful from producing effeminateness." seals. Improved methods in capture and more Blood is not the only, and possibly not the rigorous search for the booty have led to a grad- best, sustenance upon which to rear a virile ual falling off in the catch, as in the case of the race. The instinct of play and the love of whale fisheries, though petroleum and the elec- nature do not, for most normal men, need the tric light are in part responsible for the decline rifle or shotgun for their adequate expression. of the latter. The author gives a very interest- The long ranged Mannlicher and split-nosed ing and extremely vivid account of the daily bullets in the hands of sportsmen in a few routine on a whaler, and relates many an ex- more years will completely exterminate all the citing tale of adventure and disaster amid the big game animals of the wilderness of the storms, the darkness, and the drifting ice, in the Northwest unless governmental protection shall midst of which the hardy race of fisher-folk ply effectively preserve them for the enjoyment of their venturesome trade and win a meagre and *THE WILDERNESS OF THE UPPER YUKON. A Hunter's fluctuating reward for their labors. Additional Explorations for Wild Sheep in Sub-Arctic Regions. By interest attaches to this work because of the fact Charles Sheldon. With forty-seven plates from photographs, that the “ Aurora" in the cruise here narrated four colored plates from paintings by Carl Rungius, and four took part in the search for the ill-fated Greely maps. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. A VOYAGE TO THE ARCTIC IN THE WHALER AURORA. Expedition. The book is handsomely illustrated By David Moore Lindsay, F.R.G.S. Illustrated by fifty-six with over sixty reproductions from photographs. plates from photographs. Boston: Dana Estes & Co. It is replete with information pertaining to THE LIFE OF A TIGER. By S. Eardley-Wilmot, C.I.E., actual operations in the whaling and sealing Author of “ Forest Life and Sport in India.” Illustrated by Iris Eardley-Wilmot. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. | industries, and abounds in whaler's lore. THE ANIMALS AND THEIR STORY. By W. P. Westell, The portrayal of the natural history of the F.L.S., M.B.O.U. With one hundred photographs and eight colored plates by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S. Boston: Dana tiger, king of the Indian jungle, is the aim of Mr. Estes & Co. S. Eardley-Wilmot's "The Life of a Tiger.” 50 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL It takes the form of a biographical sketch, into Archer arrived in that city, commissioned by which fanciful outline has been woven the ex “Scribner's Magazine” to collect all available periences and observations of one evidently data for determining, if possible, not whether familiar at first hand with the sport of tiger Ferrer's views were reasonable, not whether hunting and the varied and interesting life of Ferrer's life was a useful one, not whether the Indian jungle. The work is exceptionally Ferrer had in the course of his life been guilty well written, and is free from those exaggera of crime, but simply and solely whether he was tions, sentimentalities, and forced anthropo- proved guilty of the offense for which he lost morphisms, which not infrequently mar the his life. It is true that all of the points sug- efforts of those who seek to reveal the life of gested are touched on incidentally; but as to the the wilds or to stimulate the reader's interest in main purpose of the investigation, Mr. Archer natural history. One feels that it is a real tiger arrives at the unhesitating conclusion that the in an actual jungle whose vicissitudinous life and judgment was absolutely unwarranted by the sad end the author relates. The numerous artis- evidence. tic pen-sketches and photographs illustrative of Born in 1859, within a few miles of the scene the life of the jungle are worthy of the text. of his death, beginning life as a railway clerk, A somewhat matter-of-fact and circumstan- | Ferrer removed to Paris in 1885, and gained a tial account of the mammals to be seen in most livelihood by acting as translator, copyist, and well-stocked zoological gardens is to be found teacher of Spanish, until he succeeded in per- in Mr. W. P. Westell's “The Animals and “ The Animals and suading an elderly maiden lady to leave him her their Story.” He assorts his menagerie, accord fortune. The legitimacy of the means used to ing to the nature of the habitats of the animals accomplish this end have nothing to do with the composing it, into denizens of the forest and case, although Mr. Archer is of the opinion that jungle, of the plains and deserts, of the hills there was nothing so reprehensible in them as and mountains, and the prowlers of the night. has sometimes been assumed. He had quar- This division leads to some incongruity, for we relled with his wife (his daughters agree that find the American timber-wolf treated as a part the fault was principally if not entirely hers), of the fauna of the plains and deserts, the wa had separated from her, and, not being able to piti as belonging to the hills and mountains, and secure a divorce, had nevertheless lived succes- the beaver as a prowler of the night. The work sively with three other women. Such conduct is descriptive in character, and is supplemented is unquestionably open to criticism, especially by apt quotations from authorities on matters from the point of view of Anglo-Saxon morality; of interest or mooted questions — such, for ex but it seems very distantly related to the question ample, as the non-protective character of the of his death, his Clerical critics to the contrary striping of the zebra. A very valuable feature notwithstanding. Somewhat more to the point, of the work lies in the hundred or more excellent however, is the fact that he had early become an photographs, by Mr. W. S. Berridge, of ani- anarchist, that he was a very active propagandist mals from life, some of which are indeed most of subversive doctrines, that he maintained a happy poses quite free from straining bars or school in Barcelona where anti-religious and paddocks which detract from the æsthetic value anti-governmental doctrines were taught, and, of certain otherwise effective pictures. The more than all this, that he had actually cham- eight colored plates are happy in design but in- pioned violent means of resisting existing insti. effectively executed. The book will be a valu- tutions. But all evidence of a belief in the able addition to the reference libraries of our efficacy of violence comes from writings which schools whose pupils have access to a zoological appeared at least seventeen years before his garden. CHARLES ATWOOD KOFOID. death, while proof is abundant that during the last years of his life he placed his relianceentirely in education as a means to the enlightenment THE CASE OF A FAMOUS ANARCHIST.* which will eventuate in a peaceful revolution, It was on the 13th of October, 1909, that and deprecated all attempts at abbreviating the Francisco Ferrer Guardia was shot at the fort process. The assertion of his enemies that he ress of Montjuich, above Barcelona, in Spain, had decided that the Spanish nation had been for “playing the part of chief in a military sufficiently educated by July, 1909, is too puerile rebellion.” Ten months later, Mr. William to deserve an answer. It is curious to note that Mr. Archer has not found evidence of the *THE LIFE, TRIAL, AND DEATH OF FRANCISCO FERRER. By William Archer. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co. complicity of a single one of Ferrer's pupils -- 1912.] 51 THE DIAL a in the excesses of the “ Red Week” at Barce- colonel, that is, who is only a temporary and im- lona. provised judge, hence an incompetent one, with But our theme is the trial itself. During the counsel who suffer the same disabilities, and in last week of July the population of Barcelona a ridiculously short time. Ferrer's trial lasted rose in open revolt because of the calling out five hours. His attorney had had twenty-four of reservists for the un popular Moroccan war. hours to study the case and was allowed one hour Thirty churches were burned, and the city was for his plea. The prisoner was dead in ninety- in a state of absolute anarchy for sixty hours. six hours from the time his hearing began Troops were called in from other parts of the record of promptness which it would be hard to country, and the revolution put down with consid- duplicate in modern criminal annals. erable bloodshed, most of it lost by the inhabit It is sometimes a disadvantage to be cele- ants (so that if the rioters were, as the prosecutor brated and to have all eyes upon one. Thus, represented in his plea, “ drunk with blood,” it “ drunk with blood,” it Ferrer, who had decided during this year of 1909 must have been their own that intoxicated them). to publish a Spanish edition of Prince Kropot- Then Francisco Ferrer, who lived near Barcelona kin's last book, sent 900 francs to Barcelona and had for some years been carrying on in the for “ La Grande Révolution,” which was inter- city itself — somewhat sporadically, it is true, preted by the police to mean that he had financed (not because of any lack of consecutive energy the riots. An article of his publication entitled on his part, but because the authorities had fits “Le Dynamisme Atomique" was assumed by of nervousness) - a radical school and publish the authorities to be a treatise on dynamite; and ing business, and who was generally regarded a translation of Poe's “ Raven” was seen to be by his peasant neighbors in the country and his clearly anarchistic, since the author had set a Clerical enemies in the city as a heretic of Satanic “ bust of Pallas" just above his “chamber impulses and almost Satanic powers, was arrested door.” (Pallas was the anarchist who threw a and tried for inciting and leading a rebellion bomb at Marshal Martínez y Campos in 1893). whose leaders seem really to have been almost The evidence presented falls under four heads. as completely out of sympathy with him as his There are, first, expressions of unsupported prosecutors were. Of numerous strange circum- opinion and hearsay. Thus, Colonel Ponte of stances attending his arrest, perhaps thestrangest the Guardia Civil asserts that Ferrer was active is that before the case was tried, and consequently in riots which occurred in the villages of Masnou before anyone had data for deciding whether and Premiá, basing his assertion on confidences the arrest had any justification, his captors were whose author or authors he is not at liberty to rewarded by the government, one with “ the reveal. Jiménez Moya states that in his opinion Order of Isabella the Catholic”-a very appro the rebellion started with Ferrer. Verdaquer priate testimonial for the apprehender of a heretic Callis makes a similar statement on the strength - the others with medals and sums of money. of intelligence which he has no means of verify- And now comes the hearing, which is given ing. Emiliano Iglesias believes, as does Baldo- in great detail in Mr. Archer's volume, with mero Bonet. García Magalón was told by a jour- translations of all testimony and all documents nalist named Pierre that he had heard it said. which came up for discussion. In his presenta Second is a mass of irrelevant accusation. tion of the evidence, Mr. Archer makes a great Lorenzo Ardid states that Ferrer left a café sud- show of impartiality, but of course finds it utterly denly on the afternoon of the first day of the impossible to remain unmoved in the face of so rioting, because certain apologists of authority sickening a record of judicial murder. That he were present. Two soldiers saw a man in a blue at least caine, in the course of his investigation, suit and a straw hat in a group of people on a to have another purpose than the merely objective public square. Francisco Domenech says that statement of fact, is shown by such admissions as Ferrer told him that he had prepared an address that I have refrained from inquiring too closely to the government demanding the cessation of into details, because . . the whole truth ... embarkation for Africa ; and so on. must not yet be published ” (p. 151). But his Third is matter which if substantiated would caution presumably does not affect the accuracy have a certain weight. Most important under or completeness of his version of the proceedings this head is the testimony of the journalist at the trial. Colldefons, who saw Ferrer “ leading a group Ferrer was convicted by a military tribunal, during the rioting. But Colldefons had never because under the Spanish law an offense against seen Ferrer before, and identified him only from the Army must be tried by the Army, — by a a photograph he had seen of him. He saw him 52 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 6 “ between seven-thirty and eight-thirty in the and it might have been easier to follow with a evening,” hence by the deceptive light of the somewhat different arrangement; but such as street-lamps. If we take this statement in con it is, it will probably remain for English- nection with Domenech's evidence that Ferrer speaking readers the best and completest source walked home with him the night before, eleven of information on a subject which has consider- miles out from Barcelona, reaching home at five able interest and a certain historical importance. o'clock in the morning, and if we remember that Roy TEMPLE HOUSE. there were no trains running that day, it would seem very unlikely that Ferrer was a leading a group in Barcelona at seven-thirty that even- RECENT POETRY." ing. But a group of Republicans from the vil- lages of Masnou and Premià de Mar agree that Interest and beauty in profusion and goodly Ferrer urged the proclamation of the Republic, variety are to be found in the volume which collects and tried to incite to convent-burning in those the poems of Miss Katharine Lee Bates, and which is entitled “ America the Beautiful.” Here, for ex- villages during the Red Week. The evidence of these gentlemen is perhaps rendered a little historical incident effectively crystallized : ample, in “The First Voyage of John Cabot,” is a dubious by the fact that they had all themselves “He chases shadows,' sneered the Bristol tars, been imprisoned for sedition and were testifying As well Aling nets to catch the golden stars to save their own skins. As climb the surges of earth’s utmost sea.' Lastly, we have the documentary evidence- But for the Venice pilot, meagre, wan, His swarthy sons beside him, life began the manuscript proclamation of 1892 which we With that slipt cable, when his dream rode free. have already hinted at, and which has no nec- “And Henry, on his battle-wrested throne, essary bearing on conditions in 1909, and a The Councils done, would speak in musing tone dilapidated type-written manifesto which the Of Cabot, not the cargo he might bring. police claim to have found in Ferrer's house a Man's heart, though morsel scant for hungry crow, Is greater than a world can fill, and so month after the riots, a paper containing three Fair fall the shadow-seekersl' quoth the king." letters inserted in ink (a “t” and a “ba") The capricious lines “ In the Philippines ” yield which the handwriting experts say "might have this touch of bitter truth in harmonious expression: been written by Ferrer." Ferrer's own evidence was not flawless. He “The flag that dreamed of delivering Shudders and droops like a broken wing. coutradicts himself on several minor points, and “Silvery rice-fields whisper wid fails to tell what later investigation has shown How for home and freedom their owners died.” to be the whole truth with regard to several The tribute to Christina Rossetti opens with this others. But this reticence and uncertainty can beautiful stanza: be adequately explained by his anxiety not to “It was little for her to die, implicate others. For her to whom breath was prayer, And thus a narrow and fanatical mediocrity, For her who had long put by Earth-desire; of excellent intentions, who had perhaps done some good in the world, — for his school, with all *AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL, and Other Poems. By Kath- arine Lee Bates. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. its faults, was better than the inexpressible State THE SINGING MAN. A Book of Songs and Shadows. By schools, was persecuted and done to death for Josephine Preston Peabody. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. insufficient cause, and thus a second-rate intelli THE OVERTURE, and Other Poems. By Jefferson Butler gence who would scarcely have been known out- Fletcher. New York: The Macmillan Co. SUMMER OF LOVE. By Joyce Kilmer. New York: The side his own city was crowned with martyrdom ; Baker & Taylor Co. thus the Spanish Catholic Church, which it is THE SAILOR Who Has SAILED, and Other Poems. By no disparagement of the Catholic Church in gen Benjamin R. C. Low. New York: John Lane Co. eral to qualify as one of the rottenest institutions AT THE SILVER GATE. By John Vance Cheney. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. in existence, dealt itself such a blow as its clev- New Poems. By Stephen Coleridge. Cedar Rapids, erest enemy could scarcely have given it; thus Lowa: The Torch Press. a ministry fell and an uncertain monarchy tilted POEMS OF MEN AND HOURs. By John Drinkwater. London: David Nutt. a degree further from stable equilibrium. It THE WANDERER, and Other Poems. By Henry Bryan is not only Christian martyrs whose blood bears Binns. New York: B. W. Huebsch. fruit. SONGS OF THE ROAD. By Arthur Conan Doyle. Garden Mr. Archer's book is a conscientiously accu- City: Doubleday, Page & Co. THE INN OF DREAMS. By Olive Custance (Lady Alfred mulated mass of evidence rather than a narra- Douglas). New York: John Lane Co. tive. It might have been considerably smaller, VERSES. By Dolf Wyllarde. New York: John Lane Co. 1912.] 53 THE DIAL - we too. 1) Who had knelt in the Holy Place “ Lord of the Sea, we sun-filled creatures raise And had drunk the incense-air, Our hands among the clamorous weeds, Till her soul to seek God's face Lord of the Sun, and of the upper blue, Leapt like fire." Of all To-morrow, and all yesterdays, Here, where the thousand broken names and ways There are many such personal tributes in the collec- Of worship are but shards we wandered through, tion, but none more heartfelt and tender than that There is no gift to offer, or undo; inscribed to Sophie Jewett, of which one of the There is no prayer left in us, only praise. stanzas may be given: “Only to glory in this glory here, “Thou art not of the shadows, ah, not thou, Through the dead smoke of myriad sacrifice; Our Dryad soul, the soul of April woods To look through these blue spaces, blind and clear, Where flames of color, caught from bough to bough, Even as the seaward gaze of Homer's eyes; And winds of fragrance blend beatitudes. And from uplifted heart, and cup, to pour Not in the withered groves whose phantoms follow Wine to the Unknown God. - We ask no more." Like drifted leaves the feet of Proserpine, Not in the whispering midnights dim and hollow, “ The Overture, and Other Poems” is a volume Shall love re-capture that lost grace of thine; of verse by Mr. Jefferson Butler Fletcher. “ The Beauty and light are with thee where thou art; Overture” is a dramatic sketch in which Richard, We grope thy pathway by the haunted heart.” Cosima, and Hans play the parts of Tristan, Iseult, These bits, which are all that we may quote, give but and Mark, accompanied by Wagnerian music on the a faint idea of the wealth of the volume as a whole. piano. When Mark discovers the intrigue, he dashes Thus brought together, the work of Miss Bates may cold water upon the guilty wife's heroics. To the be clearly seen to entitle her to a place in the front latter shrieking, “ Kill me!” he replies : rank of our American women who are also poets. “Tut, tut! you have mistaken your stage-cue : The high rank of another of these women I am no more King Mark than - Iseult yon, Or Tristan he. I am a plain trousered man Miss Josephine Preston Peabody — hardly needs to Whose wife fancies another trousered man." be asserted since the success of “ The Piper,” and there is no surprise for us, no need for revaluation, Mr. Fletcher also writes about other frail ladies, in her new book, "The Singing Man.” The deep- Lilith in particular, and usually in lines sawn into est of social sympathy is felt in the titular poem, a semblance of blank verse. He can be quite sar- whose thought is that of “ those unnumbered who donic at times, as in “ The Children's Hour.” pay all the heavier cost of life, to live and die “As we staid elders at the children's hour without knowledge that there is any Joy of Living." Give out some riddle stale long, long ago, The toiler sings no more, for the skies are dark And listen amused, as down the eager row In turn each tries his (Edipean power; above him, and his eyes must be fixed upon the So sit the indulgent gods; before them our task which gains for him his bread. It is the poet Most sapient masters of all those who know. who must voice his inarticulate cry. Just now one Nietzsche guesses. La Rochefoucauld Applauds; and Voltaire nudges Schopenhauer. “Oh, in the wakening thunders of the heart, Again the Delphian drawls his question; ages The small lost Eden, troubled through the night, To ages echo each response; and men Sounds there not now,- forboded and apart, Painfully hearken. Meanwhile old Vulcan nods; Some voice and sword of light : The Cyprian plays Minerva, souls for gages ; Some voice and portent of a dawn to break ? Jove kisses Psyche; Cupid pouts and then Searching like God, the ruinous human shard Peals the low belling laughter of the Gods." Of that lost Brother-man Himself did make, And Man himself hath marred ? Sometimes the author is simple and natural, as in " It sounds! — And may the anguish of that birth “ The Daisy Field,” and then we like him best. Seize on the world; and may all shelters fail, “Man looked upon the sky by night, Till we behold new Heaven and new Earth And loved its tender azure, bright Through the rent Temple-vail ! With many a softly beaming light; When the high-tides that threaten near and far And sang his Maker's praises. To sweep away our guilt before the sky,- Flooding the waste of this dishonored Star, The sun declares Thee in Thy dread; Cleanse, and o'erwhelm, and cry!-- But from the stars Thy peace is shed; Would that by day they comforted !' Cry, from the deep of world-accusing wars, God heard; and made the daisies. With longing more than all since Light began, Above the nations, -- underneath the graves,- 6 All in a firmament of green "Give back the Singing Man!' Their golden orbs now float, serene, Twinkling with rays of silvery sheen, This sense of the human tragedy, thrilled with the To comfort him who gazes." note of hopefulness, is found in many of the remain- Mr. Butler also makes beautiful translations from ing pieces. We turn for relief to the sonnet called “ Noon at Pæstum,” which we are minded to take Petrarch and other Italian poets. for a second quotation because it recalls the solemn Sonnets and lyrics upon the ancient theme of love, joy of a summer noon of our own long years ago, varied with an occasional ballad, make up the con- spent in solitary communion with the temples and tents of Mr. Joyce Kilmer's “Summer of Love." the hills and the sea. We give a sonnet called “Love's Thoroughfare.” 54 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL “As down the primrose path of Love I trod The golden flowers kissed my eager feet, The wayisde trees with singing birds were sweet, The summer air was like the smile of God. "Turn back!' said one, ‘escape the avenging rod. Soon thou the deathless flames of Hell shalt meet.' But I pressed on and thought of no retreat, Till soon with fire I was clothed and shod. “But through the burning vales of Hell where flow The molten streams of bitterest despair, Made blind by pain I stumbled on, and lo! I stood at last in Love's own perfumed air. So, having reached my journey's end, I know That God made Hell to be Love's thoroughfare." The same thought is expressed, and with even more effectiveness, in “The Morning Meditations of Frère Hyacinthus,” which is too long for quotation. It is, of course, the familiar Paolo and Francesca situa- tion, which has appealed to many a passionate poet since Dante. Mr. Benjamin Low sings of “The Sailor Who Has Sailed," and brought back the freightage of experience, in the following strain : “There is treasure-trove in my hands, but gold I bring not back with me; There are songs on deck and in the hold, But no wild minstrelsy. “I have dreamed the dream of the unknown sea; I have sailed from the sightless shore; I have looked in the eyes of reality, And I am young ... no more. “The Vigil-at-Arms" is a fine poem of some length, revealing the inmost soul of the night-watcher, its alternating moods of doubt and hopefulness, as the darkness wanes and the dawn draws near. These are the closing stanzas : “I am afraid, Lord, is it thither thou Would'st have me go ? I am afraid, and would wend backward now Where violets grow: My heart is fickle for the fields, I yearn Once more at eve to see my windows burn;- Once more, ah, let me, down old paths to turn,- I love them so. “Nay!— 'tis the morrow, yonder leaded panes No more are dim With dark-browed infidels, but are the fanes Of seraphim; And holy saints and warriors are dight With jewelled colors flaming in their flight, And out of heaven, wrapt in lovely light, The rafters swim. “It is the morrow, Lord, the sweet airs blow Up the long nave, And plight the day's full troth, yet . . . ere I go, One thing I crave: Thou that art death, and ridest on a sword; Thou that art love, upon a cross adored; Thou that art life, and life eternal, Lord Let me be brave !" time haunts a store of rich reflection and ripe experi- ence, makes us realize anew the wealth of poetical material offered by the natural beauty, the Indian legendry, and the romantic history of the Pacific Coast. His lines “Before the Portrait of Padre Junipero" may be taken to exemplify this offering of California verse. " Faithful the nameless radiance still Upon these features; never dies The light that did his spirit fill, The halt priest with the heavenly eyes. “It lamped his feet through the long night, He walked where now the ruins are, The one unbroken mother-light Running from roses to the star. “ His heart-beat was the Mission chime; The lowly leader keeps his place. The stars will wear it while they climb, The light upon this friar's face." Mr. Cheney's volume is called “At the Silver Gate," and is beautifully illustrated by many photographs. Simple sentiments and thoughts, embodied in unpretending verse, are offered us by the “New Poems” of Mr. Stephen Coleridge. We choose “ Laus Amori” for our quotation. “Love wisely if you have the wit Nor suffer it beyond control, Love as the angels if you can Let passion sanctify the soul. “Love while the blood throbs in the veins, Love while the rosy lips are pure, Love while the breath of life is strong While love's long ecstasies endure. “Love in the morning's pageantry, In the fierce sun's creative light; Love in the evening's yielding hour, And in the sacramental night. “Love while the earth lasts underneath And the great firmament above. Love to the deeps of time and space, For love is God, if God be love!" Mr. Coleridge has a prefatory note in which he tells us how his verses came to be first published in this country, and, incidentally, that our heart is in the right place in spite of the fact that we countenance the antics of the spelling deformers. “It may divert a youthful and irreverent .press to play fantastic tricks before high heaven with the spelling of our august and glorious speech, but the consecrated phrases that well up from the beating heart of our race telling of freedom, honour, love, mercy, and peace appeal instantly to something common to us all.” Mr. John Drinkwater's “ Poems of Men and Hours” are grave and decorous compositions, cun- ningly fashioned, and appealing to the reflective mind. “The Soldier” is a favorable example. “The large report of fame I lack, And shining clasps and crimson scars, For I have held my bivouac Alone amid the untroubled stars. The high spirituality of these verses is found in many other pages of the volume, and is perhaps the most distinctive note of the whole collection. Mr. John Vance Cheney, who has become once more a poet of California, bringing back to his old- 1912.] 55 THE DIAL 66 99 6 But now, “My battlefield has known no dawn Sir Arthur Doyle has picked up the Kipling Beclouded by a thousand spears; banjo, and twangs it to much the same effect as its I've been no mounting tyrant's pawn To buy his glory with my tears. original possessor. Sometimes the tune is serious : “God guard our Indian brothers, “It never seemed a noble thing The Children of the Sun, Some little leagues of land to gain Guide us and walk beside us, From broken men, nor yet to fling Until Thy will be done. Abroad the thunderbolts of pain. To all be equal measure, Whate'er his blood or birth, “Yet I have felt the quickening breath Till we shall build as Thou hast willed As peril heavy peril kissed O'er all Thy fruitful Earth." My weapon was a little faith, And fear was my antagonist. Sometimes the tune is jocular: – “Not a brief hour of cannonade, Eighty Tommies, big and small, But many days of bitter strife, Grumbling hard as is their habit. Till God of his great pity laid "Say, mate, what's a Bunerwal ?' Across my brow the leaves of life." Somethin' like a bloomin' rabbit.' Got to hoof it to Chitral!' A group of tributes to the poets — Swinburne, " Blarst ye, did ye think to cab it!' Meredith, Watson, and Hardy - - is one of the most Eighty Tommies, big and small, pleasing features of this modest volume. Grumbling hard as is their habit.” “The Wanderer, and Other Poems," by Mr. We are particularly taken with the story of “Bendy's Henry Bryan Binns, is graciously heralded by a Sermon.” Bendy was a “converted ” prize-fighter, frontispiece photogravure of Botticelli's Birth of who took to preaching at revival meetings. On one Venus.” This provides the titular poem- a dialogue occasion, his hearers chaffed him beyond endurance, between the Earth Spirit and the Winds — with its and this is what followed: theme. It is the Earth Spirit who asks, “Then Bendy said, 'Good Lord, since first I left my sinful ways, “ What car is this ye blow? And what is this white Blossom of the cool grey Sea Thou knowest that to Thee alone I've given up my days, dear Lord' and here he laid his Bible on the That worshipping ye hasten Her, and throw shelf - Flowers after Her in glee? And wherefore is she inwardly so bright 'I'll take, with your permission, just five minutes for myself.' That, all and every whit, Her body with delight “He vaulted from the pulpit like a tiger from a den, Illumined is, and like a pearl is it? They say it was a lovely sight to see him floor his men; Right and left, and left and right, straight and true and “And tell me, tell me, wherefore are Her eyes hard, Purposeful, infinite, Till the Ebenezer Chapel looked more like a knacker's Transcending any thought, yard.” As though unto the Sea the streams had brought, From the mountains where they rise, A “ lovely sight” it must have been indeed! Sir High ultimate passion Arthur gives us much variety in this volume, albeit Of tempest and of stress, Qut of its wonder, in the deeps, to fashion its compass is small. We commend “Shakespeare's This loveliness ?” Expostulation " to readers in whose bonnet the Baconian bee has buzzed. Mr. Binns is not solely preoccupied with the world of fancy; the world of men also engages his atten- The little pieces that Lady Alfred Douglas has tion, particularly in “ The Building of the City,” a called “The Inn of Dreams" are butterflies or hum- longish poem from which we make this excerpt: ming-birds of verse flitting from one flower of fancy to another to extract from each a drop of honeyed “To every citadel of wrong thought. This drop is called “Daffodil Dawn": Her stones cry out a battle-song; She is so wrought of manly stuff “ While I slept, and dreamed of you, The nations have not power enough Morning, like a princess, came, To silence her: her heart is free All in robe of palest blue; From any fear of any: She Stooped and gathered in that hour Can take the world's assaulting shock From the east a golden flower, Builded so on the Living Rock. Great and shining flower of flame Then she hastened on her way “I see the city being wrought Singing over plain and hill - Upon the rock of Living Thought; While I slept and dreamed of Upon her rising walls I look, Dreams that never can come true .. And every stone is like a book Morning at the gates of Day, Of many milk-white pages, fair Gathered Dawn, the daffodil." Imprinted, with a loving care; While on each lovely page is set Such verse is charming, but futile — just good Word of a wisdom lovelier yet.” enough to occupy an idle moment or a nook in Mr. Binns's pages are few, but they are like the some magazine. pages to which the stones of his city are likened. The lady who signs herself “ Dolf Wyllarde” has touched with distinction and the gleam of the ideal. a pretty talent in verse-making, as readers of the you 56 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 9 me. >> songs in her novels have long since discovered. Her and in the days immediately following he wrote many " Verses now published have a fairly wide range, touching comments, some of which he repeated from songs of passion to impressions of travel. They rather less effectively in his “ Threnody.” There are a little hectic at times, and exhibit a soul that are occasional literary criticisms, some of them ex- seems to be still seeking for anchorage. These pressed in a single phrase, as “Tennyson is a beau- stanzas on Lower London" are good enough to be tiful half of a poet"; and there are free comments almost impressive: on men that he had known. Alcott, Webster, Chan- “Beneath His quiet skies - His quiet skies ! - ning, and others, are discussed at some length; but We shriek and die, the most effective characterizations are in telling And watch the morning and the eve go by, phrases. “A. [Alcott?] is a tedious archangel.” And shudder to this God, who does not heed our cries. “T. P. [Theodore Parker?] has beautiful fangs, and “We could bear all things were He less divine – the whole amphitheatre delights to see him worry He does not care! and tear his victim.” A few bits of autobiography He set us in this toil of our despair, and self-criticism are of interest. In 1839 Emerson And straight withdrew Himself, and gave no hint of His wrote: “When I was thirteen years old, my Uncle design. Samuel Ripley one day asked me. How is it, Ralph, “ Grey pall of sullen cloud and sapphire dim that all the boys dislike you and quarrel with you, Are all we meet, Until His sunset breaks along the street whilst the grown people are fond of you?' Now And turns our sordid City to a fleeting proof of Him. thirty-six, and the fact is reversed, - the old people suspect and dislike me, and the young love “But then the cloud returns, the glory dies - " Of the twentieth reunion of his college class, Then shriek and curse In gaslit hells that show them nothing worse he says: “I drank a great deal of wine (for me), Than open night beneath His quiet skies . His quiet with the wish to raise my spirits to the pitch of good skies!" fellowship; but the wine produced on me its old WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. effect, and I grew graver with every glass. Indigna- tion and eloquence will excite me, but wine does not." The Scammon Lectures for 1911, BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. A prophet of the classic revival of delivered before the Art Institute of The fifth and sixth volumes of Art in America. Chicago by Mr. Kenyon Cox, have Glimpses of Emerson's “Emerson's Journals" (Houghton been published under the title “The Classic Point daily life. Mifflin Co.) are much like those of View” of View” (Scribner). Classicism in the art of which have gone before, but contain rather more painting may seem anachronistic in these days of that is of interest to the ordinary reader of Emer- impressionists, post-impressionists, " cubistes," and son. The years which they cover, 1838 to 1844, saw that other school which aims to represent the hu- the founding of Brook Farm and of Alcott's Fruit man figure, not by cubes, but “as a series of tri- lands, the beginning and the end of the elder “Dial,” | angles.” None the less, when we find critics writing and, among events of more intimate concern to to prove that this art of the present is real and vital, Emerson, the delivery of the Divinity School Ad that it will become the art of the future, the need of dress, the publication of the first and the second striking some note of reaction in the direction of series of " Essays,” the residence of Thoreau in old-fashioned sanity is sufficiently obvious. This is Emerson's household, and the death of his son. These what Mr. Cox has set himself to do; and in general were years of much reading, writing, and lecturing, he has done it admirably. He has given us “a and of patient listening to the erratic bores who were definite credo — a detailed and explicit confession now coming to Concord in great numbers, and whose of artistic faith,” which occasionally lapses into visits Emerson endured as an edifying affliction. polemic — as might be expected from the neces- • Long Beard' and 'Short Beard,' who came hither sities of the case. After all, as Wilde said, only an the other day with intent as it seemed to make Arte auctioneer can admire impartially all the schools of sian Wells of us, taught me something." The fact art; and it must be confessed that our author dis- that, as in previous journals, the philosopher refers plays a surprising amount of self-control. In the so seldom to passing events gives an especial inter face of great temptations to indulge in destructive est to the few records like the following: “I went irony, he keeps in the main to constructive criti- to the circus. . . . One horse brought a basket in cism. He shows us how the classic tradition was his teeth, picked up a cap, and selected a card out lost, and what we must do to regain it; for it is of four. All wonder comes of showing an effect at here in America, unhampered by traditions of her two or three removes from the cause. Show us the own and not yet satiated by that classic beauty two or three steps by which the horse was brought which has become an old story abroad — it is here, to fetch the basket, and the wonder would cease. our painter-critic believes, that the world's chance But I and Waldo were of one mind when he said, of a successful classical revival lies. A chapter on • It makes me want to go home.” A longer passage the value of the subject in art follows the title lec- gives Emerson's impressions of Fanny Elssler's danc- ture, and a discussion of “ Design” brings out the ing. The death of his son broke down his reserve, importance of composition as a characteristic of the 1912.] 57 THE DIAL erratic man classic tradition. Chapters on Drawing, Light and closest of friends. Swinburne, it appeared, had Shade and Color, and a final discussion of tech never seen the attack. When he read it to ascer- nique in general, complete the volume, which is tain the extent of his magnanimity, he was so in- rich in historical detail and presents an interesting censed that he broke off the intimacy, and appar- if somewhat discursive picture of the evolution of ently never really became reconciled. painting under the old masters. The book should be widely read, not only by the young artists for The critic who puts out a volume Story-tellers whom it was primarily intended, but by every art- dealing with contemporary writers of our time. lover who aspires to a deeper insight, and by every deserves more thanks than he is critic who has learned the vividness of the artist's likely to receive. Such a book is an invaluable view-point when discussing his art. The volume is source of information regarding men who are not generously and aptly illustrated, although the plates yet enshrined - or entombed -- in more formal are not inserted at the proper places in the text, works; but from the first, every reader is sure to and - a worse fault — the book has no index of dissent from some of its judgments, and in time it proper names to facilitate reference. is cited only as an illustration of the absurdities which all contemporary criticism is sure to commit. A devoted son has no easy task when A versatile and In “Some American Story Tellers” (Holt), Mr. he tries to interpret to the world the Frederic Taber Cooper presents essays on Francis of letters. character of a versatile, individual, Marion Crawford, Kate Douglas Wiggin, Winston almost erratic father. The “Life and Memoirs of Churchill, Robert W. Chambers, Ellen Glasgow, John Churton Collins” (Lane) leaves the reader David Grabam Phillips, Robert Herrick, Edith here and there with a sense of inadequacy, though Wharton, Newton Booth Tarkington, “0. Henry,” it is written frankly and in good taste by his son, Gertrude Atherton, Owen Wister, Frank Norris, Mr. L. C. Collins. The subject of the memoir ap and Ambrose Bierce. This list must be given in pears not only as critic and essayist, but as inde full, since Mr. Cooper nowhere tells his principle of fatigable University Extension lecturer, curious selection, and it is hard to see why some of these student of criminology, member of the Murder Club authors were taken and others left. Many of the and the Ghost Club, and in many other activities. sketches originally appeared in magazine form, and One bit of self-analysis deserves to be quoted : “I this may account for a slightly unfortunate lack of cannot call to mind a single human being who has uniformity in plan. A few give the essential facts had the slightest influence on me. My intense love of an author's life, while others must be supple- of literature was inspired by no one, encouraged by mented by reference to “Who's Who in America, no one, influenced by no one. It awoke suddenly or some other manual of contemporary biography. and spontaneously — my life, my deeper life, has In some cases the plots of novels and tales are been essentially and permanently solitary.” This briefly summarized, in others the criticism implies seems strange from a man who was so genial, and that the reader already knows the author's works. who had so many close personal and literary friends. These, however, are minor defects. Mr. Cooper Perhaps the most readable parts of the memoirs are has resisted the temptation, which besets a writer those which record Collins's acquaintance with more for a popular magazine, to reverse the old proverb or less distinguished English authors. Readers who and say only good of the living; and he has made know the personalities of both men will be interested no attempt at smartness of treatment, or at the ex- in his impressions of Browning in 1881: “With ploitation of striking theories. His criticisms are Browning I was miserably disappointed; there was the dignified application to each writer's works of a marked vulgarity about him, particularly in his his own fairly definite idea of what modern fiction accent and in the tone of his voice, and a certain in should be. His views will not find general accept- describable savour of sycophancy of a man eager to ance; but his book is interesting to read, and not- be of a grade to which he did not belong; but the withstanding its omissions it will occupy a place for poet was there — the poet's keen eye. the poet's the next ten years on the reference shelves of the heart obvious in his remarks and descriptions : a student of American literature. sad, very thoughtful face, a great weight of thought the eyes — for the rest a commonplace face and To every reader who has any inter- a very commonplace manner, in the brow and the eye One of the best of est in the living stream of events books on India. only sat genius : his conversation - except when he that is passing so rapidly into East- was speaking of his reminiscences about Carlyle – ern history, we hasten to recommend Mr. Lovat studiously commonplace.”. A story of the rupture Fraser's “India under Curzon and After" .” (Holt). between Collins and Swinburne deserves notice by The well-known editor of “The Times of India the future historian of literary amenities. Collins, covers five hundred large pages in treating his replying in the “ Athenæum” to some author who theme; but the subject matter is so important, the took a review of his works as a personal matter, re presentation so straightforward, and most of the marked that he had attacked Swinburne's prose conclusions so authoritative, that one is likely to with the greatest severity, and that he and Swin-bring in a charge of undue brevity rather than of pro- burne were still, as they had been for years, the I lixity. If the reader will remember that Mr. Fraser over 58 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL wages in the frankly avows his admiration of Lord Curzon's a history of literature interesting. We might just policy in general, there will be little need of further mention his plausible theory that Shakespeare's caution. Moreover, our individual admiration or “purge” (mentioned in “ The Return from Par- dislike for Lord Curzon should not interfere with nassus ") refers to a passage that originally appeared our enjoyment or profit; for the volume still offers in the version of “Hamlet” as acted in Cambridge a most valuable and entertaining survey of recent in 1601-2, and was later omitted by Heming and history and present conditions, and prepares us for Condell from the First Folio in order not to offend an intelligent consideration of British rule under the Jonson. The theory has the merit of not being at reforms of Lord Morley and the changes just an present capable of direct refutation. Neither can nounced at the Durbar. In pleasing contrast to it be at present proved. The bibliographies at the ninety per cent of the current books on India, it em close of every chapter are well chosen. bodies the thoughts and observations of an author deserving an audience. As a newspaper editor, Mr. Recent discussions of standards of A study of Fraser has had unusual opportunities for acquiring living and the amount of economic United States. knowledge, and as a man of trained intelligence he goods necessary to maintain a stand- has been able to profit by his information. He is a ard of efficiency have led Professor Scott Nearing loyal Briton; but, like the best of his countrymen, of the University of Pennsylvania to a consideration he is fully alive to defects in administration as well of “Wages in the United States” (Macmillan), as to errors in general policy. It inspires confidence from statistics covering the years from 1908 to to read his strictures on “ the pernicious practice of 1910. The lack of uniformity in gathering and government from hill-stations,” or on the sacrifice tabulating wage reports, and in many cases the of Indian interests to Lancashire manufactures, entire absence of any statistics at all, is recognized, just as it is a pleasure to note his genuine sympathy and the conclusions are set down as by no means for Indian aspirations and his joy“ in great deeds final although based on statistical proof which must worthily done” by his compatriots. We cannot stand until overthrown by additional studies. The even give the captions of the various chapters, much statistics are taken from reports of Massachusetts less criticise minor slips of presentation or adduce (which are especially commended), New Jersey and differences of opinion. But this matters very little ; Kansas, special wage reports of the telephone indus- for we should conclude by renewing our warm re try, of wages of women in Illinois department stores, commendation of this timely and readable book by of the Bethlehem Steel Works investigation, of the a thoroughly competent author. Bureau of Labor, and of the Interstate Commerce Commission. The reports concerning average wages There is much in Mr.Tucker Brooke's Development of are shown to be incomplete, and in a measure inac- “ The Tudor Drama" (Houghton) to curate; but they are alike in various States, avd so literature. commend it to more than the special approximately correct in showing that the average student of our literature. In the first place, the plan of wages is about the same in all sections of the is excellent. Instead of carrying the drama through country. The conclusion is given that in the terri- to its decay and death in the closing of the theatres tory east of the Rockies and north of Mason and in 1642, when by a curious fiction the Elizabethan Dixon's line “three-quarters of the adult males and drama is said to end; Mr. Brooke ends the Tudor nineteen-twentieths of the adult females actually drama with the last of the Tudors, — or he does so earn less than $600 a year.” Actual wages and with as much exactness as is possible in a work of this proposed standards of living are not commensurate; character. New conditions, especially those due to and while one may say that the statistics are not Paritan opposition, make really a new chapter of definite enough to afford very certain conclusions, the Caroline drama, so that the Tudor drama has an the fact remains that such statistics as are available independent unity. We have therefore in the work show a low average. While the book is perhaps before us a treatment of the rise and consummate not conclusive, it represents an honest effort to get development of the greatest literature of the race. at the actual facts. The drama is treated chronologically till adherence to chronology ceases to be a virtue, and then influ- Under the title of “The Fundamental Relations of ences and types form the headings of the chap- psychology Laws of Human Behavior," Profes- ters. If one wishes to follow the work of any one sor Max Meyer, of the University of author through this period, it calls for considerable Missouri, publishes a series of lectures which serve agility to jump from pastoral and romantic comedy as a text upon the physiological basis of elementary to history play and to the drama of contemporary psychological processes (Richard G. Badger, Boston). incident. But in a book of this kind one is more The book has the advantage of singleness of purpose interested in a study of types and the progress of and unity of subject. It attempts to explain, largely dramatic expression. In the second place, Mr. by means of hypothetical diagrams, the presumptive Brooke treats his subject with fine critical discrim processes that go on within the nervous system and ination. He does not rehash worn-out opinions or outwardly influence human behavior. This is an im- long-accepted judgments, but he treats each theme portant part of the basis of psychology for students, with a freshness and an originality that make even as also for the understanding of behavior practically our dramatic and conduct. 1912.] 59 THE DIAL and theoretically. It is less clear to what extent this Piercy. It is a revision of the work in four volumes method may be carried and still remain profitable. which has been a standard for reference since its To the hypothetical diagrams no exception can be original publication more than a quarter of a century taken, but only to their complexity and their detailed ago. It is a work which has enlisted a high quality of elaboration. One may naturally ask whether the English scholarship in its preparation, and which, in its resulting benefit is not dubious or even specious. present convenient form, should considerably enlarge This applies more particularly to the more quantitaThe latest volumes in the « Eclectie English Classics.” tive and diagrammatic argument, and the mechanical of the American Book Co. are as follows: “ The Mer- analogies of resistance, power, energy, flux, and the chant of Venice," edited by Mr. Gilbert S. Blakely; like. Apart from this query, the volume serves to Carlyle's essay on Burns, edited by Mr. Edwin L. cover the ground. It may be that the interest in be Miller; and George Eliot's “Silas Marner,” edited by havior from this point of view is limited to students Miss May McKitrick. These are all carefully prepared and professors of psychology. It is well that so and inexpensive texts. acceptable a compendium of this cross-section of the Thackeray's “ English Humorists,” edited by Pro- fundamentals of behavior should be available. fessor Stark Young, is published in the “Standard En- glish Classics” by Messrs. Ginn & Co. The editor has It is growing to be a commonplace adopted a new and happy principle of annotation, which Thirty-six vears that no man is entitled to write of he describes as having for its purpose “to increase in the Orient. the Orient who has not lived under rather than to satisfy the reader's curiosity.” To this its brilliant sun for at least a quarter of a century. series is also added a school edition of “ Hamlet," with H. N. Hudson's commentary. This exacting requirement is filled, with eleven years to the good, by M. Pierre Ponafidine, Im- The third group of volumes in Messrs. Holt's “Home perial Russian Consul General in Constantinople, University Library of Modern Knowledge" will contain Professor F. L. Paxson's “The Civil War,” which is formerly occupying similar positions in various parts the first of a five-volume series on American History to of Persia and Turkey. To the average reader, consist of volumes on “The Colonial Period,” “The M. Ponafidine's account of “Life in the Moslem Wars with England,” “From Jefferson to Lincoln,” East” — a laudably descriptive title - will afford “ The Civil War,” and “Reconstruction and Union," constant instruction and lively entertainment. Every each specially written for the layman by an authority. reviewer will especially commend the chapters that The “Matzke Memorial Volume” published by deal with the position of women, the Arab horse in Stanford University contains two important papers by its native land, and law proceedings in Persia. On Matzke himself and a dozen contributions by his col- the other hand, the student will note various annoy- leagues, now brought together as a tribute to his mem- ing inaccuracies, especially in the details of early ory. Gaston Paris is the subject of one of the essays by Matzke, while the other is entitled "The Develop- Mohammedan history; while the punctilious advo ment and Present Status of Romanic Dialectology." cate of pure English and scrupulous proof-reading Of the remaining contents, the most interesting occupies must pencil many regrettable slips, which may be a single page only, being a bit of the “ Purgatorio" explained in part by the distance separating the from the translation upon which Mr. Melville B. Ander- translator, Madame Emma Cochran Ponafidine, from son has been engaged for many years. If we may judge the publishers. The book contains over four hundred from this specimen, the completed translation (which is generous pages of clear type, and more than forty in terza rima) will take very high rank among the English excellent illustrations. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) versions of the Sacred Poem. “The Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature" (Putnam) are described by the publishers as “a series of small volumes . . . dealing with various aspects of BRIEFER MENTION. thought, and with the results of recent discoveries, in a form acceptable to educated readers in general.” “The Energies of Man,” by William James, appears Examination of the dozen or more volumes now at without alteration but in a new edition with the imprint hand bears out the accuracy of this description, and of Moffat, Yard & Co. The essay, which originally reveals the fact that competent hands have been at appeared in “ The American Magazine,” has been re- work in their preparation. The volumes are perhaps printed in “ Memories and Studies,” but will no doubt half as large as those of the similar “Home University find a welcome among readers in this convenient and Library,” also recently undertaken. Among the more acceptable form. interesting or timely of the volumes now published are The handsome “Memorial Edition" of Meredith, these: “ Early Religious Poetry of the Hebrews," by published by Messrs. Scribner, has just been completed Dr. E. E. King; “ The History of the English Bible,” by the publication of a volume of “Various Readings by Dr. John Brown; “ An Introduction to Experimen- and Bibliography.” In completeness and attractive tal Psychology,” by Dr. Charles S. Myers; “ English ness, this imposing set of twenty-seven volumes at once Dialects," by Dr. W. W. Skeat; and “ Aërial Locomo- takes its place among the chief definitive editions of tion,” by Messrs. E. H. Harper and Allan Ferguson. modern writers. Promising titles in preparation are these: “Goethe in The “ Dictionary of Christian Biography and Litera- the Twentieth Century,” by Professor J. G. Robertson; ture” which Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. publish in a “ The Icelandic Sagas,” by Dr. W. A. Craigie; “Life volume of more than a thousand two-column pages in the Medieval University," by Mr. R. S. Rait; and is edited by Dean Henry Wace and Dean William C. “ Discovery in Greek Lands," by Mr. F. H. Marshall. 60 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 6C dred Riddles of Symphosius,” “Horace for Modern NOTES. Readers,” “ The Letters of Horace," FitzGerald's The Irish Folk History Plays " of Lady Gregory “ Agamemnon,” the “Pervigilium Veneris,” “Copa: are soon to be published in two volumes by Messrs. The Hostess of the Inn,” Torrey's “ Intellectual Torch," Putnam. “ The Librarian's Series” (six volumes), and Mr. Mr. L. P. Jacks, editor of “The Hibbert Journal" and Dana's “Modern American Library Economy.” The author of “ Mad Shepherds,” will publish next month bibliophile and the librarian are especially appealed to through Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. a volume entitled by these choice examples of book-making. “Among the Idol Makers." A living link with Charles Lamb exists in the person An extended biography of the late Henry Demarest of Dr. Augustus Jessopp, of Norwich, England, a re- Lloyd, prepared by his sister, Miss Caro Lloyd, is one tired parish priest, and a man of letters Ďr. Jessopp, of the most welcome announcements of the new year. as a little boy, was walking one day with his father in Messrs. Putnam are to publish the work, in two the village of Enfield, when a small man in exiguous volumes. hose and shabby dress-coat drew nigh. Stopping to talk Mr. A. E. Gallatin, author of “ Whistler's Art Dicta with Jessopp senior, the slender pedestrian patted the and Other Essays," will publish immediately through boy's head as he conversed, and then passed on. « Do you know who that was ? ” asked the father, of his John Lane Company a volume of similar character unconsciously immortalized son. “ That was Charles entitled “ Whistler's Pastels and Other Modern Lamb.” Dr. Jessopp is now in his eighty-eighth year, Profiles." and can recall incidents in his acquaintance with Tenny- An article on “ Charles Dickens and Women” will be contributed to the February issue of “Lippincott's son, Browning, George Meredith, and other Victorian notabilities. Magazine,” by the late Henry Snowden Ward, Secre- tary of the Dickens Fellowship in England and a lec- “ Home Progress" is the title of a series of reading turer of wide popularity. courses, projected by Houghton Mifflin Co., having for its purpose the advancement of health, education, and Through an arrangement with Tolstoy's heirs, Messrs. ideals in the home. The courses include a wide range Dodd, Mead & Co. will publish the authorized American editions of several posthumous works by the great Rus- of topics, every one intimately and definitely related to the enrichment of family life. Each year the course is sian. These writings consist of two novels entitled devoted to a single subject, the intelligent understand- Hadji Murad” and “ The Forged Coupon," and three ing of which is necessary to the happiness and well- volumes of miscellaneous short stories and plays. being of the home. The subject of the course this The Société des Gens de Lettres of France announces year is the health, the mental training, and the moral that it has appointed Mr. Frank Allen its representative guidance of children. The courses are conducted by in the United States. Members and associates of the means of an illustrated bi-monthly magazine and the use Society who have copyrighted French books in this of three specified books each year. The enterprise de- country since 1909 are requested to send Mr. Allen a serves and will doubtless find a large field of usefuness. list and copies of these works. His address is 84 Mercer The Ontario Library Association publishes, through Avenue, Plainfield, N. J. the Ontario Department of Education, “ A Selected List The English Journal,” devoted to the interests of of Books for Boys and Girls, Recommended by the the English teachers of America, will make its appear Ontario Library Association for Purchase by the Public ance immediately from the University of Chicago Press. Libraries of this Province." This list supplements a The managing editor is Mr. James Fleming Hosic, who larger similar work issued in 1906, and therefore con- will have the assistance of ten associate and advisory fines itself to books published since that date, up to the editors. The Journal will appear monthly, with the ex end of 1910. Further supplements will appear at in- ception of July and August. tervals. The selections have been carefully made by The most important contribution thus far announced persons of judgment, and the economy enforced upon to the Dickens centenary is a volume entitled “ Dickens all public libraries has been as far as possible consulted as Editor," made up of four hundred hitherto unpub in drawing up the list. Publishers and prices are lished letters of the novelist. Mr. R. C. Lehman, the named in all instances. It is a useful list for. any editor of “Punch," edits this volume, which deals of library desirous of keeping abreast of the times in books course with Dickens's connection with “Household Words.” The Sturgis & Walton Co. will publish the The dedication of the new St. Louis Public Library, book on February 7-Dickens's birthday. a building representing an outlay of a million and a Nathaniel Hawthorne is at last to have a monument half dollars, one-third of the amount coming from Mr. commensurate (in physical proportions, at least) with Carnegie's apparently inexhaustible library fund, took his far-reaching fame. A heroic statue of the romancer place on the sixth of this month, with Mr. Herbert is planned for the city of Salemn, and it is hoped to raise Putnam and a dozen other eminent librarians from fifty thousand dollars with which to pay for it. Of this various parts of this country and Canada present to amount twelve thousand dollars has already been se solemnize the occasion. St. Louis's excellent library cured by the committee, of which no less a personage has long merited a better shelter than that hitherto than Mr. Rudyard Kipling (now Sir Rudyard) is vice provided, and there will be more than local rejoicing at president. the opening of the new building. Mr. Carnegie's gift The first number of the first volume of “ The Elm of one million dollars to the city in 1901 has already Tree Press," a quarterly publication descriptive of been partly spent in erecting six branch libraries, and those artistic products of the printer's art which come others will follow, one-half of this gift being devoted from the book-making establishment at Woodstock, to this object, and the other half, as above indicated, to rmont, gives illustrative descriptions of “ The Hun- | the central building just completed. 66 for the young top 1912.] 61 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 63 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] Moving the Mountain. By Charlotte Perkins Gilman. 12mo. 273 pages. The Charlton Co. $1. net. Onawago: or, The Betrayer of Pontiac. By Will Cumback Ludlaw. Illustrated, 12mo, 311 pages. Benton Harbor, Michigan: Antiquarian Publishing Co. The Reckoning of Heaven. By Alfred Bull. With frontis. piece in color. 18mo, 129 pages. Irving Park, Ill.: Pub- lished by the author. $1. net. BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Robert Louis Stevenson in California. By Katharine D. Osbourne. Illustrated, 8vo, 120 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $2. net. A Retrospect of Forty Years, 1825-1865. By William Allen Butler; edited by his daughter, Harriet Allen Butler. Illus- trated in photogravure, 8vo, 470 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net. My Life Story. By Emily, Shareefa of Wazan; edited by S. L. Bensusan; introduction by R. B. Cunninghame Grahame. Hlustrated, 8vo, 343 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $3.50 net. Alexander Hamilton: An Essay. By William S. Culbertson. With portrait, 12mo, 153 pages. Yale University Press. $1. net. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Peru of the Twentieth Century. By Percy F. Martin. Illus- trated, 8vo, 365 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $4.20 net. Trekking the Great Thirst: Travel and Sport in the Kalahari Desert. By Arnold W. Hodson; edited by A. E. Nellen; with introductory note by Sir Ralph Williams, and fore- word by F. C. Selous. Illustrated, large 8vo, 359 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. The Canadian Rockies: New and Old Trails. By A.P. Cole- man. Illustrated, 8vo, 383 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. Tour Two: A Trip to Europe and What Came of It. By Georgina Pflaum. Illustrated, 12mo, 203 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1.25 net. HISTORY. The Indian Tribes of the Upper Mississippi Valley and Region of the Great Lakes. Translated from the French of Nicholas Perrot and others by Emma Helen Blair. In 2 volumes, illustrated, 8vo. Arthur H. Clark Co. $10. net. The Importance of the Reign of Queen Anne in English Church History. By Frederick William Wilson; with introduction by C. W.C. Oman. 12mo, 104 pages. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. RELIGION. The War Within: Being a Few Admonitory Thoughts apon Some Modern Temptations. By John Edwards le Borguet. 12mo, 140 pages. Boulder, Colorado: First Congregational Church. $1.40 net. The Master of Evolution. By George H. McNish. 12mo, 135 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. GENERAL LITERATURE. Lectures on Poetry. By J. W. Mackall. 8vo, 347 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $3. net. Letters to William Allingham. Edited by H. Allingham and E. Baumer Williams. Illustrated, 8vo, 314 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $2.50 net. Adventures in Life and Letters. By Michael Monahan. 12mo, 373 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50 net. Hurd's Letters on Chivalry and Romance: with the Third Elizabethan Dialogue. Edited by Edith J. Morley. 12mo, 176 pages. Oxford University Press. PUBLIC AFFAIRS. Attitude of American Courts in Labor Cases: A Study in Social Legislation. By George Gorham Groat. 8vo, 400 pages, Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law." Columbia University Press. Paper. $3, net. The Immigration Problem. By Jeremiah W. Jenks and W. Jett Lauck. 8vo. 512 pages. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.75 net. International Arbitration and Procedure. By Robert C. Morris; with Forward by President Taft. 12mo, 248 pages. Yale University Press. $1.35 net. Man's Birthright. By Ritter Brown. 12mo, 316 pages. New York: Desmond Fitzgerald, Inc. $1.50 net. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Works of Dickens. New volumes: Oliver Twist, illus- trated in color by Cruickshank; Martin Chuzzlewit, illus- trated in color by "Phiz”; David Copperfield, illustrated in color by "Phiz.” Each, 8vo. Oxford University Press. DRAMA AND VERSE. Three Plays: The Marrying of Ann Leete, The Voysey Inher- itance, Waste. By Granville Barker. 12mo, 357 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50 net. The Madras House: A Comedy in Four Acts. By Granville Barker. 12mo, 145 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1. net. The Oxford Book of German Verse: from the Twelfth to the Twentieth Century. Edited by H. G. Fiedler; with pre- face by Gerhardt Hauptmann. 16mo, 607 pages. Oxford University Press. $2. net. The Human Fantasy. By John Hall Wheelock. 12mo, 141 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. Forty-two Poems. By James Elroy Flecker. 12mo, 86 pages. London: J. M. Dent & Co. From the Lips of the Sea. By Clinton Scollard. 16mo, 44 pages. Clinton, N. Y.: George William Browning. $1. net. Quiet Places: Poems. By Carlos Wupperman. 12mo, 86 pages. New York: Shaemas O'Sheel. $1. net. In a Portuguese Garden, and Other Verse. By Clara E. Whiton-Stone. 12mo, 393 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1.50 net. First Love: A Lyric Sequence. By Louis Untermeyer. 12mo, 82 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. The Eagle's Bride. By 0. C. Auringer. 18mo, 12 pages. New York: William R. Jenkins Co. Life-Lore Poems. By Luella Knott. 12mo, 161 pages. Sher- man, French & Co. $1. net. ART AND ARCHITECTURE. On the Art of the Theatre. By Edward Gordon Craig. Illus- trated by the author, 8vo, 296 pages. Chicago: Browne's Bookstore. $2.net. A Catalogue of an Exhibition of Old Masters, in Aid of the National Art-Collections Fund: Grafton Galleries, 1911. Edited by Roger E. Fry and Maurice W. Brockwell. Illus- trated, large 8vo, 146 pages of text. London: Philip Lee Warner, publisher to The Medica Society, Ltd. Cameo Book Stamps. Figured and Described by Cyril Davenport. Illustrated, 4to, 225 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $6. net. Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Contem. porary Medals. Illustrated, 4to, 406 pages. New York: American Numismatic Society. Paper. Furniture. By Esther Singleton. Illustrated, large 8vo 293 pages. Duffield & Co. $7.50 net. Should We Stop Teaching Art P By C. R. Ashbee. 12mo, 123 pages. London: B. T. Batsford. The Architecture of the Renaissance in France: A His tory of the Evolution of Arts of the Building, Decoration, and Garden Design, under Classical Influence from 1495 to 1830. By W. H. Ward. In 2 volumes, illustrated, 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons. $12. net. The House and Its Equipment. Edited by Lawrence Weaver. Illustrated, 4to, 212 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $5. net. The Construction of Lombard and Gothic Vaults. By Arthur Kingsley-Porter. Illustrated, 4to, 29 pages. Yale University Press, $2.net: FIOTION. Peter Ruff and the Double-Four. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. Illustrated, 12mo. 424 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.25 net. The Brentons. By Anna Chapin Ray. With frontispiece, 12mo, 420 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.25 net. More Ghost Stories of an Antiquary. By Montague Rhodes James. 8vo, 281 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50. BOOKS OF REFERENCE. A Shakespeare Glossary. By C. T. Onions. 12mo, 271 pages. Oxford University Press. Periodical Articles on Religion, 1890-1899: Author In- dex, Compiled by Ernest Cushman Richardson. Large 8vo, 876 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. 62 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL DIV-A-LET Livermont extant! Mental BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE. Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthand. 16mo, 241 pages. New York: Isaac Pitman & Sons. $1.50. Practical Algebra: Second Course. By Joseph V. Collins. Illustrated, 12mo, 313 pages. American Book Co. 85 cts. First Lessons in English for Foreigners in Evening Schools. By Frederick Houghton. Illustrated, 12mo, 150 pages. American Book Co. 40 cts. Second Year Latin for Sight Reading: Selections from Cæsar and Nepos. By Arthur L. Janes. Illustrated, 12mo, 238 pages. American Book Co. 40 cts. The New Barnes Writing Books. Four volumes, with Teacher's Manual. By C. S. & A. G. Hammock. Illustrated. A. S. Barnes Co. Paper. arithmetic of the alpha- Division by Letters bet. Adapted to parties or for individual amuse- ment. Just the thing for convalescents and “shut-ins." Send for book. Price, 50 cents. To Libraries, 25 cents. W. H. VAIL, Originator and Publisher 141 Second Avenue NEWARK, N. J. IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS MISCELLANEOUS. CHECK THIS LIST AND SEND TO YOUR BOOKSELLER A Handbook of Health. By Woods Hutchinson, M.D. Illus- trated, 12mo, 355 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net. FICTION Self-Investment. By Orison Swett Marden. 12mo, 315 pages. The Indian Lily 1 Hermann Sudermann T. Y. Crowell Co. $1. net. The Fool in Christ ? Gerhart Hauptmann The Star Pocket Book; or, How to Find Your Way at Night by the Stars. By R. Weatherhead; with Foreword by Sir AUTOBIOGRAPHY Robert Ball. Illustrated, 24mo, 80 pages. Longmans, Green, My Story s Tom L. Johnson & Co. 50 cts. net. MISCELLANEOUS Organ and Function : A Study of Evolution. By B. D. Hahn. Love and Ethics 4 Ellen Key 12mo, 198 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. Psychology without a Soul: A Criticism, By Hubert Gruen- The Sixth Sense 4 Charles H. Brent der, S.J. 12mo, 258 pages. St. Louis, Mo.: B. Herder. $1. net. What Tolstoy Taught ? Bolton Hall Some Old Egyptian Librarians. By Ernest Cushing Richard- 1$1.25 2$1.50 3 $2.00 he 50c son. 16mo, 93 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. Matzke Memorial Volume: Containing two unpublished papers by John E. Matzke, and contributions in his Memory by his Colleagues. With portrait, 8vo, 162 pages. “Leland OUT OF PRINT BOOKS Stanford Junior University Publications." Stanford Uni. AUTOGRAPH LETTERS versity, California. FIRST EDITIONS A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF MR. ERNEST DRESSEL North desires to 3000 RARE AND OLD BOOKS No.147 inform his friends, customers, and the book buying public that he has a large stock of in the ENGLISH LANGUAGE books and autograph letters constantly on including a rare collection of hand. He is always ready to buyor sell such, English Literature and to correspond with librarians,collectors, and many early and interesting works relating to and booksellers regarding these specialties. America Send for New Catalogue To be had on application from ERNEST DRESSEL NORTH The Ludwig Rosenthal Antiquarian Bookstore 4 East Thirty-ninth Street NEW YORK CITY Hildegardstrasse 14, MUNICH, BAVARIA, Showrooms, Lenbachplatz 6 Keramic Art Publications WANTED-Autograph Letters of Famous People and books with Autograph Inscriptions by their authors. P. F. MADIGAN, 501 Fifth Ave., New York. Subscribe for "THE AUTOGRAPH," $1.00 Per Year. KERAMIC STUDIO MAGAZINE For the China Painter and Potter $4.00 the year, 40c the copy Sample copy, new name, 10c BOOKS. ALL OUT-OP-PRINT BOOKS SUPPLIED, no matter on what subject. Write us. We can get you any book ever published. Please stato wants. Catalogue free. BAKER'S GREAT BOOK SHOP, 14-16 Bright St., BIRMINGHAM, ENG. LIST OF BOOKS-Each Complete in One Volume The Second Rose Book, $3.00 postpaid: The Fruit Book, $3.00 postpaid ; Grand Feu Ceramics. $5.00 postpaid. THE CLASS ROOM BOOKS No. 1. The Art of Teaching China Decoration, $3.00 postpaid. No.2. Flower Painting on Porcelain, $3.00 postpaid. No. 3. Figure Painting on Porcelain and Firing. $300 postpaid. No. 4. The Conventional Decoration of Porcelain and Glass, $3.00 postpaid. Four books for $10.50. Two books and subscription to Keramic Studio, $9.00. A Portrait Catalogue Ce Atathons will be sent FREE ON REQUEST This CATALOGUE contains a full list of titles to date. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO., 33 East 17th St., NEW YORK KERAMIC STUDIO PUB. CO., 123 Pearl St., Syracuse, N. Y. Dealers may find our list on supplementary pages of Trade Annual, page 53. Send for price list. Schnellaning of all Publishian at Renew Prices Ainds and Noble, 31-33-35 West 15th St., N. Y. City. Write for Catalogue. 1912.] 63 THE DIAL - F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Publishers' Representative Circulars sent upon request. 156 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK. THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Established in 1880. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT REVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication. Addres DR. TITUS M. COAN, 70 FIFTH AVB., NEW YORK CITY Wholesale Dealers in the Books of all Publishers 33-37 EAST 17th Street, NEW YORK LIBRARY ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY MISS L. RUTH BOWMAN Literary Critic and Agent Authors are requested to send me their Manuscripts. I can always find a good publisher for a good novel, even though the author is unknown. No charge unless a Ms. is marketed. Address MISS L. RUTH BOWMAN, Suite 1,249, 225 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK We have hundreds of satisfied customers in all parts of the United States. In addition to our large stock of the books of all publishers, we have unexcelled facil. ities for securing promptly books not in stock and making shipments complete. Our import department is thoroughly equipped. Save delay by ordering from New York City - the publishing center of the country. FRANK HENRY RICE Author's Agent 50 CHURCH STREET NEW YORK Terms, 10 Per Cent Only professional work placed. I do not edit or revise MS. Short-Story Writing A course of forty lessons in the history, form, structure, and writing of the Short Story, taught by J. Berg Esenwein, Editor Lippincott's Magazine. Over one hundred Home Study Courses under professors in Harvard, Brown, Cornell, and leading colleges. 250-page catalogue free. Write today. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 571, Springfield, Mass. SEND YOUR "WANTS" To WILLIAM R. JENKINS CO. Publishers, Booksellers, Stationers, Printers 851-853 SIXTH AVE. (Cor. 48th St.), NEW YORK ALL BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS Including Including FRENCH MEDICAL SPANISH, ITALIAN, books and works concerning GERMAN AND OTHER HORSES, CATTLE, DOGS FOREIGN and other Domestic BOOKS Animals Special facilities for supplying Schools, Colleges and Libraries. Catalogues on Application. Mr. Esenwein Auditorium Theatre GRAND OPERA Df Interest to Librarians by The books advertised and reviewed in this · THE CHICAGO magazine can be purchased from us at advantageous prices by GRAND OPERA COMPANY Public Libraries, Schools, SEASON OF 1911-1912 Colleges, and Universities ANDREAS DIPPEL, General Manager we In addition to these books have an excep- tionally large stock of the books of all pub- lishers a more complete assortment than can be found on the shelves of any other bookstore in the United States. We solicit orders and correspondence from libraries. Seats Now Selling SCALE OF PRICES FOR REGULAR PERFORMANCES Boxes (six chairs) $50.00 Orchestra .. 5.00 Balcony, front 3.00 Balcony, centre 2.50 Balcony, rear 2.00 Gallery 1.50 Second Gallery 1.00 . . . LIBRARY DEPARTMENT . A. C. McCLURG & Co. . CHICAGO SATURDAY EVENING, POPULAR PRICES 50 CENTS TO $2.50 Mason & Hamlin Piano used. 64 [Jan. 16, 1912. THE DIAL THE HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY of Modern Knowledge All original and up-to-date books New Price 50 CENTS per volume, net; by mail, 55 cents Experience thus far with THE HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, has shown the prospect of a larger market at a lower price sufficient to induce the publishers to change the books to a form which can be sold at 50 cents instead of 75 cents a volume. NEW VOLUMES Eleven new volumes are just ready, each is absolutely new, and specially written for the Library. There are no reprints. THE CIVIL WAR By FREDERIC L. PAXSON, Professor of American History in the University of Wisconsin. The purpose and result of the great struggle are pictured as & stake and a game." Consider- able space is given to the domestic politics, with which Lincoln had to contend, and to the foreign dangers, which were avoided by Seward and Adams. There are brilliant paragraphs delinea- ting the personalities of the chief figures. AN INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE By Professor J. ARTHUR THOMSON. For those unacquainted with the scientific volumes in the series, this would prove an excellent introduction. THE DAWN OF HISTORY By Professor J. L. MYRES. The first brief and simple survey of the history of very early times. THE EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRY By Professor D. H. MACGREGOR. An outline of the recent changes that have given us the present conditions of the work- ing classes and the principles involved. One of the most eminent American economists says: “I do not think it is exaggeration to describe this as a brilliant example of succinct description and constructive analysis. Brings out all tbe important facts without ever being duli." ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH LAW By Professor W. M. GELDART. A simple statement of the basic principles of the English legal system. MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE By G. H. MAIR. This brilliant young writer rapidly surveys English Literature from the Middle Ages to the present day. THE PAPACY AND MODERN TIMES By Rev. WILLIAM BARRY, D.D., Author of "The Papal Mon- archy," etc. The story of the rise and fall of the Temporal Power. HISTORY OF OUR TIME (1885-1911) By C. P. GOOCH. The chief developments of the period in The British Empire, France, The Latin South of Europe, Germany, and Austria-Hungary, Eastern Europe, and America are de- scribed, special attention being given to The Balance of Power, The Awakening of the East, and the Colonization of Africa. A final chapter discusses Arbitration, Socialism, the relation of white and colored races, etc. THE CIVILIZATION OF CHINA By Professor H. A. GILES. A vivid sketch of Chinese life by one who knows it well and admires the remarkable gifts of the Chinese people. PSYCHICAL RESEARCH By Professor W. F. BARRETT. Subjects thought-transference and other phenomena of "The Borderland" to a strictly scien- tific examination. ASTRONOMY By A. R. HINKS, Chief Assistant at the Cambridge Observatory. EARLIER VOLUMES Eighteen volumes were issued last year. Every volume is written by a recognized authority on its subject, and the Library is published under the direction of four eminent scholars - Professor GILBERT MURRAY, Oxford, Mr. H. A. L. FISHER, Oxford, Professor J. ARTHUR THOMSON, Aberdeen, and Professor W.T. BREWSTER, Columbia. .. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. By Hilaire Belloc. IRISH NATIONALITY, By Mrs. J. R. Green. SHAKESPEARE. By John Masefield. A SHORT HISTORY OF WAR AND PEACE. By G. H. Perris, Author of "Russia in Revolution,” etc. THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT. By. J. Ramsay Macdonald, Chairman of the British Labor Party. THE STOCK EXCHANGE. By F. W. Hirst, Editor of the London “Economist." MODERN GEOGRAPHY. By Dr. Marion Newbigin. (Illus.) POLAR EXPLORATION. By Dr. W. 8. Bruce, Leader of the "Scotia" Expedition. (With maps.) PARLIMENT. By Sir C. P. Ilbert, Clerk of the House of Commons. THE EVOLUTION OF PLANTS. By Dr. D. H. Scott, President of the Linnean Society of London. (Fully illustrated.) THE SCIENCE OF WEALTH. By J. A. Hobson, Author of Problems of Poverty,” etc. INTRODUCTION TO MATHEMATICS. By A. N. Whitehead, Author of "Universal Algebra." THE ANIMAL WORLD. By Prof. F.W. Gamble. (Fully illus.) EVOLUTION. By Prof. J. Arthur Thomson, and Prof. Patrick Geddes. LIBERALISM. By Prof. L. T. Hobhouse, Author of Morals in Evolution," etc. THE OPENING-UP OF AFRICA. By Sir H. H. Johnston. MEDIAEVAL EUROPE. By H.W.C. Davis, Author of "Charle- magne," etc. CRIME AND INSANITY. By Dr. C. A. Mercier, Author of "A Text-Book of Insanity," etc. SOME The Nation:-"Exceedingly worth while." COMMENTS The Independent:-"Similiar titles have been often used for reprints and rehashes of antiquated books and for various brands of dessicated brain food. This series is quite the opposite of such. These are all new books by living men and women, who are vitally interested in their topics." The London Times:-"Each volume represents a three-hours' traffic with the talking power of a good brain, operating with the ease and interesting freedom of a specialist dealing with his own subject." Sets of new volumes will be issued every few months. Lists will be sent on request. HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 34 West 33d Street NEW YORK THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO: THE DIAL A Semi - Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage THE FUTURE OF LIBRARY SCIENCE. prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year ertra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or Has library management attained, in theory by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current if not yet in practice, something like perfection, number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription so that in the future little can be expected in is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to the way of further development? To the regn- THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. lar attendant at library conferences, with their Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office unavoidable discussions and rediscussions of old at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. questions, and with their increasingly minute No. 615, FEBRUARY 1, 1912. Vol. LII. subdividing of the larger themes of interest in order to find some few details that have not yet CONTENTS. been talked about and written about to the point THE FUTURE OF LIBRARY SCIENCE of exhaustion, it may occasionally seem as if 75 DICKENS AND THACKERAY - THACKERAY there were henceforth nothing to be done but to AND DICKENS. Warwick James Price 77 go back to one's post and stay there, doggedly CASUAL COMMENT 78 keeping at the daily task of giving out books, The limitations of a large library.- A revival of answering questions, guiding the seeker for the Chaucerian epos. – Dr. Vincent on public li- knowledge, and in general making the library braries. — The most widely circulated but least read book in the world. — The pay collection of public under one's care as useful as possible to the library fiction. - The hermaphrodite pronoun. - greatest possible number of persons. The rigors of bibliography.- A banner year in book- production. - The worst-housed library of its class in In any such moment of weariness, when library the world. — The death of the editor of "Truth." - parliaments are inclined to appear flat, stale, and Trials of the reference librarian.- Princeton's new unprofitable, there is refreshment and stimulus president as a man of letters. — The Cowper house at Olney.- Books for the New England farmer. – Mr. in a backward glance at the progress of inven- Carnegie and St. Paul.- An oddity in author's names. tion and discovery, and in a brief contemplation COMMUNICATION 82 of the curious and unexpected twists and turns The Classical Degree. A College President. that progress has taken. What soon arrests one's MIRTHFUL MOODS OF A LIBRARIAN. Percy F. attention is that the most important discoveries Bicknell have commonly been made in fields every square MAKING LIFE IN A TEST TUBE. Raymond Pearl 84 inch of which had seemed at the time to be per- THE LEGALIZED EXPLOITATION OF THE PEOPLE. William E. Dodd fectly familiar to mankind. To take a well- 85 AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S BOOK ON GERMANY. known example, the ordinary lock used on doors James Taft Hatfield . 87 had been in use, with no radical modification, HALF-A-DOZEN BOOKS ON CHINA. Payson J. from the time of the early Egyptians up to the Treat 87 middle of the last century before it had occurred Reinsch's Intellectual and Political Currents in the Far East. — Goodrich's The Coming China. - Geil's to anyone that the key of conventional pattern, The Eighteen Capitals of China. - Dingle's Across with its cumbrous shank and other points of China on Foot. — Princess Der Ling's Two Years in awkwardness, was quite unnecessarily clumsy. the Forbidden City. – Miss Burton's The Educa- tion of Women in China. Then Linus Yale gave to the world a lock that BRIEFS OF NEW BOOKS could be operated with a tiny strip of notched 90 Memorials of an American scholar. - Art as an ex- metal, and even a lock that needed no key at pression of environment. - Browning's early career all, but onlya memory for a simple combination and later influence. — Letters of a loiterer in many lands. — Daniel Webster depicted in true colors. - of numbers. Again, it was thought in England Montaigne, the many-sided. — Crime: Its causes and that the limit of rapid transit had been reached remedies. - Panama: Its canal and its people. when the London and Edinburgh mail-coach First-hand studies of the Southern negro. - Libra- rians in Egypt four thousand years ago. – The Cali- service of Johnson's time was so perfected that fornia days of Robert Louis Stevenson. serious apprehensions were entertained lest such BRIEFER MENTION . 94 a rate of speed should prove injurious to the NOTES 95 traveller's health. But in little more than a TOPICS IN FEBRUARY PERIODICALS 96 century the world was to regard even the steam LIST OF NEW BOOKS 96 locomotive as a comparatively slow, old-fash. 83 . . 76 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL ioned, uneconomical, and altogether faulty piece matician Henry Briggs in 1617. But more of mechanism, sure to be superseded in the near than two centuries and a half were still to elapse future. before anyone thought of applying this indefi- A cursory review of the history of mathe- nitely expansible system of notation to the classi- matics -a science which Mr. Dewey has so fication of books, or indeed to the classification brilliantly applied in one important branch of of any collection of objects. Whether the happy library work shows strikingly how the most thought came to Mr. Dewey one morning in bed, epoch-making discoveries have a way of occur in the days of his Amherst librarianship, or ring where there had before seemed the least whether he caught the idea among the book- possibility of them. To the mathematicians of shelves and while fretting over the inconven- the third century B. C., and indeed to subsequent iences and stupidities of a “ fixed location " sys- mathematicians down to the seventeenth cen tem, cannot here be determined, and does not tury A. D., Euclid probably seemed to have said much matter, except that it would be pleasant to the last word on the subject of geometry; and complete the parallel between him and Descartes. then, one fortunate morning, as the philosopher Suffice it for us that he did grasp the idea and Descartes was lying awake in bed, there applied it, so that some years later, at the con- flashed upon him the idea of determining the vention of librarians in London at the time of position of a point by its linear coördinates, the Queen's Jubilee, the librarian of Oxford felt and the new field of coördinate geometry was himself justified in asserting that Mr. Dewey's opened, with its beautiful revelation of an services to his profession had been greater than unsuspected blood-relationship, so to speak, those of all previous librarians put together. between the properties of number and those of To the mediaval reader of chained books in space. Before that time, not the faintest con monastic libraries, what faintest notion could ception of the modern science of higher mathe there ever have come of the modern Dewey-deci- matics could