t converted
This book in English has long been a desidera [to Christianity]— recognize as principal divinities only
tum, for the French edition (Leipzig and Paris,
the Great Hare, the sun, and the devils. They oftenest
1864), edited by Father Tailhan, a learned
invoke the Great Hare, because they revere and adore
him as the creator of the world; they reverence the sun
Jesuit, is not easily accessible to those far re as the author of light; but if they place the devils among
moved from the more important libraries, and their divinities, and invoke them, it is because they are
is, of course, a sealed volume to those unfamiliar afraid of them, and in the invocations which they make
with the French language. The present trans-
to the devils they entreat them for the means of]
life. Those among the savages whom the French call
lation will make available to the general reader
‘jugglers' talk with the demon, whom they consult for
a really important contribution to our knowledge success in) war and hunting.”
of the Indians of the Upper Mississippi Valley It is altogether likely that Perrot would have
and lake region - a contribution which has here-
extended his work somewhat had he been better
tofore been little known to those not specialists provided with writing materials. He concludes
in the field of aboriginal history.
the "Mémoire" rather abruptly with an “ha-
Perrot, like Du Lhut, was a prince of cou rangue which ought to have been made to all
reurs de bois ; a man of tough fibre, brave, the Outaoüa Tribes, in order to bind them to
tactful, and shrewd ; a consummate master of the peace with the Renards and their allies ";
Indian character, and perhaps the most success and adds: “The scarcity of paper
ful of all the French emissaries among the West mit me to give fuller examples of this sort of
ern Indians. Born in 1644, Perrot came to harangue, as I would have been able to if I were
New France in a year unknown, and began life not destitute of paper.
there in the service of the missionaries. He first La Potherie was appointed, in 1698, “comp-
came West in 1665, and at once saw the im troller-general of the marine and fortifications
portance of uniting the Western tribes against in Canada, the first incumbent of a newly cre-
their common enemy, the Iroquois, and making ated post.'
ated post.” His “ Histoire," long very scarce,
them allies of the French. He was frequently
He was frequently and now in part published in English for the
employed by the governors of New France on first time, is a work of great importance, but
account of his great ability in managing the little known except to the few who are engaged
wily savage. A master of many of their dia in historical research.
in historical research. It is generally believed
lects, and for many years a close student of their
that the lost writings of Perrot, to which refer-
customs, Perrot exercised an influence over the
ence is made by some of the early writers, were
Indians with whom he came in contact unsur freely drawn upon by La Potherie,— thus en-
passed by that of any other Frenchman of his
hancing rather than diminishing the value of his
day. As a trader, he established several posts in book. He also supplemented his own expe-
the Indian country. It is not remarkable, there- riences as an official of the French government
fore, that this man, though an unskilled writer, in the Indian country with information received
produced a work at once interesting and reli- from Joliet, the Jesuit fathers, and others. In
able,- which, unfortunately, remained in man making her translation, Miss Blair has used the
uscript for more than a century and a half. fourth edition of the “ Histoire" (Paris, 1753).
He not only gives us an intimate account of La Potherie was a keen observer and at times
the primitive Indian of the Old West, but also a lively writer. There follows his description
throws much light on the relations existing be- of an Indian feast (volume 1, pages 337, 338):
tween the French and the tribes coming within “They [the assembled tribes) decided that they would
the sphere of their influence.
go with the Frenchmen (to Montreal]; preparations for
Here is a fair example of Perrot's manner of
this were accordingly made, and a solemn feast was held;
and on the eve of their departure a volley of musketry
writing (volume 1, pages 47–49):
was fired in the village. Three men sang incessantly, all
“ It cannot be said that the savages profess any doc night long, in a cabin, invoking their spirits from time
trine; and it is certain that they do pot, so to speak, to time. They began with the song of Michabous; then
follow any religion. They only observe some Jewish they came to that of the god of lakes, rivers, and forests,
customs, for they have certain feasts at which they make begging the winds, the thunder, the storms, and the
no use of a knife for cutting their cooked meat, which tempests to be favorable to them during the voyage.
they devour with their teeth. The women have also a The next day, the crier went through the village, invit-
custom, when they bring their children into the world, ing the men to the cabin where the feast was to be pre-
of spending a month without entering the husband's pared. They found no difficulty in going thither, each


166
[March 1,
THE DIAL
furnished with his Ouragan and Mikouen ( his dish and There is an exhaustive bibliography, with critical
spoon' – La Potherie]. The three musicians of the
and biographic notes, covering fifty-two pages;
previous night began to sing; one was placed at the en-
and it is a pleasure to observe that the index,
trance of the cabin, another in the middle, and the third
at its end; they were armed with quivers, bows, and prepared by Gertrude M. Robertson, is all that
arrows, and their faces and entire bodies were blackened could be desired.
with coal. While the people sat in this assembly, in Miss Blair's preface, although brief, adequately
the utmost quiet, twenty young men — entirely naked,
introduces the work. With characteristic vigor
elaborately painted and wearing girdles of otter-skin,
to which were attached the skins of crows, with their
she pleads for fair treatment of the Indians, in
plumage, and gourds — lifted from the fires ten great whom she has confidence, saying: “Let them
kettles; then the singing ceased. The first of these be given a • square deal'in every way, and there
actors next sang his war song, keeping time with it in is no doubt that in time they will prove them-
dance from one end to the other of the cabin, while all
the savages cried in deep guttural tones, “Hay, hay!'
selves worthy of it.”
When the musicians ended, all the others uttered a loud
The French works have been skilfully En-
yell, in which their voices gradually died away, much as glished ; and Miss Blair's method of editing
a loud noise disappears among the mountains. Then the Perrot's “ Mémoire,” as also the other narra-
second and third musicians repeated, in turn, the same
tives, is admirable. She has been discriminating
performance; and, in a word, nearly all the savages did
the same, in alternation — each singing his own song,
in the work of annotation; the essential parts
but no one venturing to repeat that of another, unless
of Father Tailhan's notes — which are often
he were willing deliberately to offend the one who had diffuse and not always important — have been
composed the song, or unless the latter were dead (in retained, and much new matter added. Her
order to exalt, as it were, the dead man's name by appro-
priating his song). During this, their looks were accom-
scrupulous honesty in editing is shown by punc-
panied with gestures and violent movements; and some
tilious acknowledgment of the contributions of
of them took hatchets with which they pretended to others; there are no uncredited borrowings.
strike the women and children who were watching them. An excellent map giving the locations of the
Some took firebrands, which they tossed about every leading Indian tribes serves as the frontispiece
where; others filled their dishes with red-hot coals, which
to Volume I.; and there are fourteen other
they threw at each other.”
The letter of Major Marston, who was in
illustrations, perhaps the most interesting being
command of Fort Armstrong, now Rock Island,
a photographic facsimile of a precious auto-
Illinois, was printed (1822) in a report made by the Wisconsin Historical Society. A few typo-
graph letter of Perrot, now in the possession of
Jedidiah Morse in the capacity of special governgraphical errors have been found, but nothing
ment agent; but the text for the present work
that will mislead the reader. The books are
has been obtained from a copy of the original in
the well-known Draper manuscripts. Marston handsomely printed and durably bound.
JOHN THOMAS LEE.
shows great familarity with the tribes of the
Northwest Territory, and his relation could not
well be spared from the collection.
MORE LETTERS OF RICHARD WAGNER.*
Forsyth's manuscript, also from the Draper
collection, dealing with the Sauk and Fox tribes,
There probably never lived a man more com-
has never before been printed; and it is cause pelled to a complete revelation of what was in
for wonder that the nimble Secretary of the Wis- him than Richard Wagner. There is no sort of
consin Historical Society, Dr. Thwaites, did not self-revelation which his career does not manifest.
long ago make use of it in the excellent publi- He stormed through life in the fierce exhibition
cations of that Society; but it is far better that it of a personality that broke over every limitation
should have been reserved for the present work. which the world without him or the world within
Forsyth adds to his interesting and valuable him might set. He poured himself into his
account of Indian customs and mode of life artistic productions, both poetic and musical,
considerable vocabulary.
with surpassing ardor. He reveals himself in
There are appendixes giving additional infor every musical drama: in times of darkness and
mation concerning Perrot; Indian society, char-defeat he is his own “ Flying Dutchman,” seek-
acter, and religious beliefs (chiefly from the ing eagerly for help and guidance ; in times of
“ Handbook of American Indians"); extracts light and triumph he is his own Walter, who car-
from letters written to Miss Blair by mission-ries off the prize at the contest of the “ Master-
aries and others during the preparation of her singers in Nuremberg." All his doubts, his
volumes, setting forth the present condition of
*FAMILY LETTERS OF RICHARD WAGNER. Translated
the Sioux, the Potta watomi, and the Winnebago. I by William Ashton Ellis. New York: The Macmillan Co.


1912.]
167
THE DIAL
anticipations, his illuminative insights, are dis- Autobiography — as if he were compelled, like
closed in his dramas, and in the music which Socrates, by some divinity to make a further
repeats their substance, scene for scene, char-revelation to mankind, and put himself and his
acter for character.
great work justly before posterity, so willing to
There came to him the inexorable demand accept him at the highest reach which his appre-
to understand himself, to measure his work, to ciators could formulate.
transform the existing state of the great art to The family was a large one. The mother was
which he found his life must be devoted. His twice married, and there were children by both
views of music were evidently not those of his unions. They were a talented company. The
contemporaries; there had been forerunners — theatre exercised
upon
them a controlling fasci-
great and sincere men, indeed; but the full ex nation, and several of them were either singers
pression of the advance was a task which called or actresses of considerable distinction. Some
on him for its sure and adequate consummation. of the sisters made fortunate marriages, giving
So once more he sends forth his writings in the perturbed family prospects a favorable turn.
prose, in which he reveals himself as the re Two of the sisters married into the Brockhaus
former in his art, the austere critic of the lower family, well-known in connection with the popu-
ideals which dominated his
com peers, a voice
cry-
lar and useful Konversations-Lexicon. The
ing out in the wilderness, a message mingled of half-sister (the youngest child) married Edward
many and in some ways incongruous elements. Avenarius, chief of the Paris branch of the
The restless spirit was not satisfied with lit- | Brockhaus business. She was devotedly at-
erature and music; nor could the individual tached to her famous brother, and the preserva-
activities of home and friendship bound the tion of many of the letters is due to her filial
eagerness of self-realization. The time was out piety. There were children of the children upon
of joint, and he was chosen to set it right. If whom the master seems to have looked with much
the means to be used were revolutionary, if affection, especially as his first marriage was
peaceful governments were to be assailed, there destitute of offspring, a source of great grief to
surely would be more glory in the warfare, and him in the dark hours of toil unrequited, and
the courage of the man should not fail to meet then showing no evidences that it would ever be
any test. So he becomes an exile from his requited. They were all held in genuinely close
country and has another grim disappointment and happy relations; and for one brother, Julius,
added to those which had already taxed his who appeared incapable of winning even a small
endurance.
meed of success in life, they made provision, and
In addition to all these activities, any one of Richard sent him money when his own circum-
which would have filled up the measure of an stances were so straitened that he was calling for
ordinary life, he was a voluminous letter-writer. help from all available sources.
It was inevitable that he should come in contact Mr. Ashton Ellis, to whom we are again in-
with leading minds in all departments of thought debted for the excellent and characteristic trans-
and action. There are now extant and published lation of these Wagner letters, makes the fol-
these letters to every sort of person, from kings lowing observations on the new collection :
to the simple toiler for his daily bread. He was
possessed by the insatiable need of self-expres- named [the Autobiography, the letters to the first wife
“For my own part, as between the three works just
sion. He could not hold anything secret. His
Minna, the Family Letters here under review] in the
friends and his family must share with him his matter of self-portraiture I should give decided prefer-
never-ending projects and slow-coming triumphs. ence - and should have even before seeing any of them
So we get the effusions to Uhlig and Fischer and
- to the one which displays to us the author in the most
levelling of all human relations, that of the member of a
Heine, his elaborate correspondence with Liszt, large family conclave, and youngest but one of a numer-
the kindred spirit who understood him and gave ous middle-class brood. Here no possible suspicion of
him aid and sympathy when he needed them attitudinizing can arise in the mind of the most inveter-
most, his constant expressions of himself to his
ate carper; if I may be allowed to appeal to personal ex-
first wife Minna, his more elevated epistolary knock all that sort of thing out of their juniors mighty
perience of a similar quiverful, elder brothers and sisters
discussions of art and philosophy with those And so we get a picture of the naked human
who dwelt in the same intellectual regions with spirit in the driest and most neutral of lights, even the
himself; and now we have the familiar and in letters addressed to a younger generation, those to two
timate exchange of opinion and anticipation with
or three adoring nieces, being sobered by the certainty
that they will be shown to the girls' parents. Yet what
his mother, with brothers and sisters, and with
letters they are, the majority of those to his nieces! Take
other relatives. To crown all, there is the No. 65, for instance, with its •I court the affection of
soon.


142
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
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1912.]
153
THE DIAL
thing quite as interesting and significant as the central hearth of the race. The “lights of London "
present conjunction of the Irish Players from flare to-day all over England, and draw to them
Dublin with the Drama Players of our own creat-
a steady stream of human moths. The nation is
ing. The visiting company is giving us an illus- emptying into the town.
tration of folk-art of the most absolute sincerity instinct for the society of crowds and the security
emptying into the town. The urban spell — the
desire to be where life is fullest and brightest, the
in the most admirable form of presentation. The
of walls, the hope to breathe the intoxicating atmo-
work done by Lady Gregory's players indicates sphere where power and genius and art and beauty
clearly one of the two chief springs from which fourish, to be among them and have one's name
the regeneration of the drama must come. The blown abroad over the land, — this enchantment
work done by Mr. Donald Robertson's finely- works as powerfully to-day as it has always done.
balanced company indicates as the other spring “In respect of itself,” says Touchstone of country
the insistence upon dramas that time has ad- life, "’t is a good life; but in respect that it is not
judged to have permanent value. The two kinds at Court, it is naught.” It takes a great mind or a
of work complement each other, and together heavy disposition to fight against the contagion of
provide an object-lesson from which the public
the crowd—to refuse to be caught in the whirlpool
current of city life. Tamerlane the conquerer sent
cannot fail to profit. It need not be said that
the Drama League appreciates the opportunity Samarkand are the great cities of my realm: yet
for Hafiz the poet and said to him: “ Bokhara and
thus offered for the practical furtherance of its
you, you sir, say in a song that you would give them
aims, and that it is doing valiant work in arous both for the black mole on your girl's cheek.”
ing the public from its indifference in things “Yes," answered Hafiz, “and it is such liberality
theatrical, and in pointing the moral to be drawn as that which has reduced me to the state of desti-
from the two organizations in question. What tution you see.” After all, the song, or the story
ever the financial outcome of the two experiments of the song, has outlived the cities.
may prove to be, it will have been considerably This indrawing of a nation's blood to its heart is
bettered by the efforts made by the Drama
not the best thing for it, of course; but it seems to
League in their behalf.
be inevitable. Augustus is said to have suggested to
Virgil that he write his Georgics in order to attract
the Romans back to their old rural life; and many
WANTED: A CITY-BUILDER.
statesmen have wrestled with the same problem
since. Baron Munchausen's story of the black mag-
A great city ought to be something more than a netic rock looming up in the ocean, which, when an
lodging-place and restaurant for a million people. unwary ship approached it, caused all the nails to
It ought to have a character of its own; it ought to
fly out of the planking and left the vessel floating
be an expression of the best thought and life of in fragments on the waves, may be taken as a sym-
those who dwell therein; its ways and walls ought to
bol of what happens to many, very many, of those
be a perpetual joy to them; it ought to be an inspi- who yield to the city attraction.
ration as well as a possession, a pride and a shield But if human beings must live in cities, they
against the rest of the world.
ought to have the best kind of cities. Health, fit-
Except the sowing and reaping of crops, there is ness, spaciousness; comfort and beauty in architec-
nothing in the material way that men do more im ture; and something more than a mere hint of nature
portant than building. It provides work and wages in trees and gardens, are necessary. People left
for many classes of men-architects, artisans, crafts to themselves huddle together, as witness the
men, mechanics, laborers. It furnishes them with many-storied houses of Rome, of old Paris, of Edin-
hearths about which their lives centre, and gives burgh, and the narrow streets and courts of scores
them innumerable picture galleries outside to gaze of other cities. There is undoubtedly a charm and a
upon. And when the life and glory have departed picturesqueness in the gloom and haphazardness of
from a place, the ruins of its buildings draw the feet such constructions. The accidental is often happier
of travellers to wander among them. They are like than the designed. Baron Haussmann swept away a
broken caskets where rich scents have been confined good part of the romance of Paris when he remod-
and still exhale the perfume of the past. Nature elled that city. But democracy demands the best;
itself has no memories, but a ruined temple or tower it demands the healthfulness, the comfort, the room
ever makes a brave fight for its founders or its and privacy, which formerly the nobles only could
families against oblivion.
obtain.
The fascination of great cities,
what a won-
It demands these things, but it does not get them.
derful thing it is! All roads led to Rome. For a It is doubtful whether the multitudinous rows of tiny
thousand years or more its frontiers and its roofs, its houses, as much alike as pins in a paper, or the
theatres and its baths, its gardens and its thronged gloomy blocks of apartment buildings whose funereal
ways, glittered in the imaginations of all Europe, lured appearance suggests that they are prepared for the
Gaul and Briton and Spaniard and African to the urns of the departed, are much better than the


154
[March 1,
THE DIAL
happy-go-lucky living-places of the past. Better able, therefore, that among the possessors of vast
arrangements for health, they may have; but their fortunes in America no one has come forward to
dreary monotony strikes terror into the beholder, build a city of his own, from the egg up.
One of
and must reduce the vitality of those who live in them might do what the great conquerors of the
them to the lowest ebb. One could only retain one's past did, or Constantine, or Peter the Great.
senses in them by being continually intoxicated. Imagine a modern City-Builder acquiring, in a
Worse, perhaps, than our domestic architecture favorable and dominating position in this country,
in America are our business avenues, with their a tract of land a hundred miles square. It might
medley of all styles — sham Greek, sham Gothic, stretch from the mountains to the sea, and have
sham Arabic, and the native dry-goods box set upon every variety and diversification of surface — val-
end and punched with holes. Our great public leys, forests, lakes. What a pleasure it would be to
buildings have largely been kept respectable by assemble together the directing minds of such an
being imitations, copies of similar structures abroad. enterprise-engineers, architects, landscape garden-
At one time in our career we did build with charm ers, masters of sociological and sanitary science
and a certain originality. The old colonial erec and with them plan the great design. Ordinary
tions, with their simple lines and hand-wrought de mortals haunt the cities of the past to draw from
tails, stand out wherever they are found, in pleasing their memories sustenance for the heart and mind.
contrast with the furious and eccentric things around In such a palace, we say, occurred this event of his-
them. That America can ever produce an entirely toric splendor and importance. From such a house
new style in architecture, seems improbable; but went forth a romance which has warmed the world.
some of our greatest buildings have an American At this tavern gathered together the wits and men
note in them which differentiates them from any of fame whose words are on our lips. But such a
thing done before. For instance, there is something City-Builder as we imagine could almost dictate the
in the great flights of steps to the Capitol at Wash course of events, —could develop glorious and beau-
ington which recalls that oldest architecture of tiful happenings, as we do novel or perfect plants.
America, the pyramidal buildings of Yucatan and In the beginning it would be necessary to pro-
Central America. And the great feature of the vide means of transportation and communication;
Capitol at Albany, the transverse stairways of the to lay out roads and sewers and subways. The
façade, is simply a transmogrification and glorifica-Road alone has hardly begun to be treated with de-
tion of the old Dutch stoop, the dominant thing in cent attention by man. What possibilities of joy
colonial architecture both in Albany and New York. are in it — not merely in the roadbed itself, which
We have undoubtedly developed a new architec may be supposed perfect in our dream city, but in
tural note in the Babel-like towers of our great its directions, its prospects, its enclosing trees and
cities. Size is an element of power, and vertical hedges and walls. Fruit trees and flowers could be
height is the most impressive kind of size. These planted along it, free to all travellers. Bowers and
buildings are really impressive; under certain con seats and pavilions should be erected at points of
ditions of lighting or of weather, they are remark best prospect or in places of secluded charm.
ably picturesque. But their details are generally For our dream city should be a woodland city, a
bad, — the details of ordinary buildings forced out park city. There should be a great many more
of all proportion. And against them is their unsub trees and flower-beds than human beings. Means
stantiability, apparent or real. It is a daring and of transportation the most direct and most unob-
inartistic thing to build towers and cliffs of cobwebs trusive should radiate from the more solidly-built
and lace-work.
central mart to every part of the domain. But the
Modern inventions in transportation and com people should mainly live in delightful villages, on
munication have entirely changed the conditions of mountain-side or in valley, by lake or sea. And
the laying out of a great city. With the telephone though the architecture of the buildings and houses
and the automobile, there is no reason why news should not be restricted to one style or mould, there
papers should not be published in sylvan dells and should be a harmony of conception, a toning together
stock exchanges have their habitat on wooded heights. of effects, which practically do not exist anywhere
But probably convenience will always dictate that to-day in the modern world.
a city should have a central nucleus, a limited area Such an ideal scheme might easily be realized by
devoted entirely to the business needs of the com great wealth in the hands of a man of bold thought
munity. But the domestic life of the people can be and unselfish devotion. But even if it is too vast to
scattered over many square miles.
be practical, there is enough for such a man or men
Of all the purposes of public good to which great to do in transforming our present cities into really
private wealth can be devoted, there is probably decent and delightful places of abode. Two-thirds,
none open to fewer objections than building. A perhaps, of the architecture of our towns needs to
man who puts up a fine structure of any kind not be swept away, for simplicity and beauty to take
only gratifies himself, but improves his neighbor's its place. Streets should be more beautifully aligned,
property and gives pleasure to multitudes who may and the woods and grass made to march over many
live or come in view of it. It seems a little remark- / squalid areas. CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.


1912.]
155
THE DIAL
editor took a copy of the book and read it. Sequel :
CASUAL COMMENT.
Dr. Mitchell received a telegram announcing the ac-
BEWARE OF THE BEGUILING BOOK-AGENT, is the ceptance of his terms, and serial publication began.
burden of a song that cannot be too often chanted in What became of the other author and his crowded-
the ears of both private buyers of books and library out novel? Dr. Mitchell says he does not know.
officials. The February number of "Public Libra-
ries” does well to print Miss Ange V. Wilner's cau-
NOTABLE LIBRARY CONFERENCES OF THE COMING
tions on the subject, as contained in a paper recently SUMMER call for some skilful manipulation of the
read before the Illinois Library Association. Sub- library worker's engagement schedule, and, in most
scription books, as has been repeatedly pointed out, instances, some close economy of time and money
should as a class be viewed with suspicion; and when in order not to miss the good things that are going.
the subscription book is offered by an agent the wise Foremost in importance to American librarians is,
person becomes doubly suspicious. “It is a fact," of course, the annual A. L. A. conference, to be held
says Miss Wilner, " that the most expensive way of
this
year at Ottawa, the second Canadian city having
buying subscription books is to buy of the book agent. the honor to entertain the American Library Asso-
We all know how the bargain catalogues tell us of ciation, Montreal (in 1900) being the first. Then
subscription sets, publishers' price $150, our price there are the various conventions of the State library
$80, etc., etc. You may remember that in 1917 the associations, that in California at Lake Tahoe, June
Appleton Co. offered their New Practical Cyclopedia | 17-22, in conjunction with the county librarians'
at $18 for the six volumes, selling only through book conference, being among the most important. Fur-
agents, but now they are selling the same work in thermore, the yearly meeting of the Library Asso-
the open market at $9.75.” The cajoleries of the ciation of the United Kingdom at Liverpool in
modern salesman, trained in accordance with the September will tempt our eastern librarians espe-
latest psychological principles as set forth by Profes- cially to indulge in an ocean voyage. Indeed, the
sor Scott and others, are indeed bard to withstand; honorary secretary, Mr. L. Stanley Jast, has already
but, as Miss Wilner further remarks, a later opportu issued a general invitation to all and sundry American
nity to buy at a reduced price the temptingly offered library workers to lend their aid, and their presence,
subscription book of real worth, will in most cases in making the coming gathering an Anglo-American
not be very long in presenting itself. Let us, then, one. To obtain full particulars concerning programme
harden ourselves to the blandishments of the sleek and local arrangements the expecting attendant
and plausible travelling salesman and patronize as
should address both Mr. Jast, at 24 Bloomsbury
a rule only our tried and trusty book dealer. Square, London, W.C., and Mr. G. T. Shaw, the
honorary local secretary, at the Liverpool Public
THE AIRY HEIGHTS OF AUTHORSHIP, of exception- Library. But how, one seems to hear asked, with a
ally gifted authorship, where the proverbial“ plenty pitiful two or three weeks’ vacation, and on an exigu-
of room at the top” is forever destined to remain
ous salary, is all this to be managed? Well, it is
but scantily occupied, must offer to the few and fit
difficult, that's a fact.
such thrilling mountaineering as no alpine climber
has ever experienced. A significant illustration of ELIMINATION OF WASTE IN EDUCATIONAL EF.
the ease with which these heights are scaled by the FORT is of course desirable in every community.
properly equipped, while the less sturdy and agile | About a year ago the Council for Library and Mu-
are left hopelessly in the rear, is offered by a curious seum Extension in Chicago issued an instructive
experience of Dr. Mitchell's that has recently found booklet on the “Educational Opportunities of Chi-
its way into print. “Hugh Wynne" was in process cago,” with a view to the better coördination of the
of revision, and the author, not yet willing to part work of the many institutions engaged in promoting
with the manuscript, sent to Mr. Gilder an elaborate the city's intellectual life. Two
years
earlier there
synopsis of the story, offering the serial rights to had appeared in Buffalo a pamphlet entitled “Means
“The Century” on certain terms. Mr. Gilder re of Education and Culture Offered to Day Workers
plied that acceptance was simply impossible since the by the City of Buffalo.” And now Mr. Walter L.
magazine was made up for eighteen months ahead Brown, librarian of the Buffalo Public Library, con-
and a novel by another author was about to run in tributes a further utterance on the same general
serial form. Two other prominent magazines were theme.“ Educational Unity” is the title of a paper
then approached, with like results. Then the Cen- reprinted from the January “ Bulletin of the Ameri-
tury Company was offered the book for immediate can Library Association " after having been origi-
publication, and it was accepted unread. Five thou-nally presented at a meeting of the Council of that
sand copies were printed and a few sample copies association. The quintessence of the whole ques-
had been sent out, when some members of the staff, tion is found in the following passage : “ It is diffi-
after reading the romance, appealed to Mr. Gilder cult to bring about a closer cooperation with the
(who had meantime been to Europe and returned) present lack of any central authority to exercise con-
to find out why the story had not first been turned trol. We believe the time has come to ask at least
to account as a serial in the magazine. The same if some means to this end cannot be found, so far
reply was made as to the author himself; but the as it concerns the various institutions which receive


156
[March 1,
THE DIAL
.
LIBRARY
SYSTEM'
support from the municipalities. It might, perhaps, copy – which he probably never will. Nevertheless,
be brought about through the forming of an educa- though it may not be as great an honor to be pirated
tional commission, which should at least advise the in America as to be lawfully reprinted by Tauchnitz
scope and direction of the efforts of such institutions. in Germany, yet it ought not to be altogether dis-
Such a commission might be made up of repr enta- pleasing to find one's literary wares so valuable as
tives from the governing boards of the different to be worth stealing. Would not the elder Dumas,
institutions, or the executive officers, or both, and in if he were alive now, enjoy the spectacle of his mul-
addition to formulating the lines of work, it might be titudinous cheap reprints, and even the sight of
a clearing house of suggestions for cooperation and those sufficiently numerous novels, like “The Coun-
extension.” Mr. Brown's paper gives instances of tess of Monte Cristo," which enterprising publishers
wasteful duplication of activity in his own city, and have fathered upon him just because his name is
a thoughtful reading of it can hardly fail to carry one to conjure with ?
conviction.
THE SEABOARD AIR LINE FREE TRAVELLING
THE CALIFORNIA COUNTY
LIBRARY SYSTEM carries in its very name a pleasing
which has aroused such interest in the library world, suggestion of largeness and beneficence and of expe-
resembles many of nature's most valuable products | ditious, businesslike methods, so that one conceives
in being a plant of slow growth. From the latest an immediate desire to be a resident on this same
issue of News Notes of California Libraries " it Seaboard Air Line of freely-circulating literature.
appears that as yet only fourteen of the fifty-seven The system was organized by the late Mr. St. John,
counties in the State have adopted the system, and vice-president and general manager of the Seaboard
that the current annual appropriations for its support Air Line Railway, which binds together with ribbons
range from fifteen thousand dollars in Alameda of steel six of our Southern states where the scarcity
County to one hundred and twenty in Modoc. The of library facilities, and indeed of any sort of read-
number of branches maintained varies from twenty- | ing matter, is extreme. This first of free travelling
six in Sacramento County to an inappreciable num library systems in the South, financially aided by
ber indicated by a blank in four of the other counties. Mr. Carnegie and enjoying the able superintendence
It is not surprising to find the northern and central of Mrs. Eugene B. Heard of Middleton, Georgia,
counties more active in this movement than are the has acted as a potent factor in bringing about library
southern. An examination of applicants for county legislation in the six commonwealths concerned, and
librarianships has recently been held at the State hundreds of small towns and of public schools have
Library and at the Los Angeles Public Library, and been moved to establish permanent libraries of their
in this connection the following official announce And so it appears that the big railroad sys-
ment is of interest: “Experience has shown that tem is not always and in all respects an all-devouring
only persons who have lived in the State and have octopus of conscienceless greed. For further interest-
done library work in a way to gain a personal knowl-ing details of the growth of library extension in the
edge of California conditions really understand the United States the reader should consult the late
county library plan for California. The aim of the public document on that subject prepared by Mr.
examination is to see how thorough is the applicant's John D. Wolcott, acting librarian of the national
knowledge of the conditions under which the county
Bureau of Education, and now separately reprinted
library work must be carried on, and of the problems from the current Report of the Commissioner of
to be met in the work as it is actually being done
Education.
in this State. . . . And those who do understand IN HER SECOND CENTURY OF LITERARY ACTIVITY,
what we are doing and what we hope to do, will not Miss Caroline A. White, one hundred and one years
find the examination difficult.” That personality and young, puts to shame those of us who pusillanimously
appearance count for something in the examination
entertain even the bare thought of beginning to take
appears from the examining board's insistence upon
in sail at the half-century line, or at the sixtieth or
a personal interview with the candidate
an “oral
even the seventieth milestone. In the quiet and refine-
examination” they call it.
ment of her home at Upper Norwood, Miss White
is reported to be still busy with her pen when the
AN INSTANCE OF LITERARY PIRACY perhaps impulse to write visits her. A voluminous magazine
already familiar to some of our readers is the cheap, contributor, she has put forth but one book, "Sweet
paper-covered, wretchedly-printed “Love Adven- Hampstead,” dealing with the historic, literary, and
tures of a Milkmaid,” with no indication of author artistic associations of London's northern suburb,
ship, appealing by the crude illustration on its cover and enjoying sufficient vogue in its day to get into
to the class of readers with whom questions of author. a second edition. Befriended and encouraged by
ship are quite irrelevant. The book proves to be Thomas Hood, Miss White sent her first literary ven-
a transmogrification of Mr. Thomas Hardy's story ture to Douglas Jerrold's “Shilling Magazine," which
of nearly thirty years ago, “The Romantic Adven- accepted it; and she recalls with satisfaction that she
tures of a Milkmaid,” the typographical errors in never had a manuscript returned either from that
the anonymous reprint being such as would probably periodical or from “ Ainsworth’s Magazine.” In the
make the author shudder if he were to encounter a middle of last century she assumed the editorship of
own.


1912.]
157
THE DIAL
“The Lady's Companion," and continued to edit the officials of distinction. From the first librarian's first
paper for sixteen years, when the proprietor died report it appears that, so far as was known, not " in
and publication ceased. Naturally she has many any instance a wilful, and in only one instance an ac-
interesting recollections of Hood and other writers cidental, injury was done to a book, and in the latter
of his time.
case the damage was voluntarily and cheerfully made
NOTEWORTHY NEGRO SCHOLARSHIP that might good," and only one book was lost, and that was
well puzzle and confound the experts in heredity paid for. In the record of city appropriations for
and eugenics was that of the late Edward Wilmot the library's maintenance for the ten years from
Blyden, A.M., D.D., LL.D., a native West Indian 1901 it is pleasing to note two instances in which
of purest Ethiopic strain, a rejected applicant for the amount granted considerably exceeded the
admission into some of our colleges about 1850, and amount asked for, while in every other instance the
soon afterward heard of from Liberia, as having response has been generous, either equalling or fall.
gained an education there and risen to the presidency ing but little short of the demand. The people of
of Liberia College. The secretaryships of state and Boston value their splendid library and give it their
of the interior in the Liberian government were at loyal support. Excellent portraits and views, with
different times held by him, also the commissionership a map showing the location of the library and its
to this country from Liberia; and after resignation branches and stations, and a full index, are note-
of his college presidency in 1884 he took up inde-worthy features of this elaborate account of our
pendent work among the Mohammedans of Sierra oldest large public library.
Leone. Proficiency in eight languages, including
Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Arabic, was acquired by
THE MULTIPLICATION OF ADVANCED STUDIES,
him, his specialty being Arabic. Author of several
which in the last decade surpasses all that was un-
scholarly works and many lesser productions, he
dertaken of that sort in the preceding century, still
enjoyed the acquaintance of scholars of distinction goes forward in a kind of geometrical progression.
and other noted men. What pre-natal or post-natal
At the University of Wisconsin alone the seeker for
influence was it that so compellingly turned to lit- special knowledge is lured by such variously attract-
erature and learning this descendant of countless ive courses as these lately announced for the second
generations of African savages?
semester of the year: Semitic epigraphy, the his-
torical background of the gospels, the appreciation
JANE AUSTEN ON THE AMATEUR STAGE, as pre of Latin poetry, the topography of Rome, the phil-
sented recently by the Mount Holyoke College girls osophy of art, typical theories of life, contemporary
in Mrs. Steele Mackaye's dramatization of “Pride Asiatic politics, European government, industrial
and Prejudice," is reported a more pronounced suc evolution, the distribution of wealth, the biology of
cess than might have been expected, and indeed than water supply, practical hygiene and sanitation, indus-
was actually expected, in the case of a play so little trial bacteriology, journalism for technical students,
dramatic in its action, so dependent upon portrayal the teaching of English composition, collodial chem-
of character of a not very demonstrative sort. Un- istry, advanced geography, and a graduate course in
doubtedly the sympathy and the culture of the audi- geology. Thus, but in greater wealth of detail than
ence contributed almost as much as the clever acting can here be indicated, do star-eyed science, divine
of the college seniors to the hearty enjoyment of the philosophy, and the delights of literature combine
evening. The departure from the usual custom of to promote the intellectual life in this our so-called
presenting an original play lent additional interest
materialistic age.
to the occasion. The simple scenery required was
designed and painted by members of the class, the
THE INTRICACIES OF COPYRIGHT are enough to
bewilder the average person. The new British Copy-
chief outside help apparently being in the matter of
right Act, as printed for circulation by the Society
costumes of the eighteenth century. Altogether, the
preparation of the piece must have been to the stu-
of Authors, fills seventeen large pages of rather fine
print, divided into sections, sub-sections, and sub-
dents participating quite as valuable, in the way of
education, as a formal course in eighteenth century praiseworthy act the eye alights on such minutely
sub-sections. Among the manifold provisions of this
English literature.
particular, but probably not too particular, clauses
A HISTORY OF THE Boston PUBLIC LIBRARY has as the following: “Infringing,' when applied to a
been prepared by the librarian, Horace G. Wadlin, copy of a work in which copyright subsists, means
Litt.D., and published in a handsome octavo volume any copy, including any colorable imitation, made
by the trustees. Beginning with the first agita or imported in contravention of the provisions of
tation started for a free library by the mercurial this Act." “For the purposes of the provisions of
Alexandre Vattemare, the philanthropic Frenchman this Act as to residence, an author of a work shall be
who visited Boston in 1841 and conveyed to the city deemed to be a resident in the parts of His Majesty's
a gift of books from Paris, the history traces the dominions to which this Act extends if he is domi-
increasingly rapid growth of the library idea and
ciled within any
such part.” And all these clauses,
of the library itself down to the present time, with and subsidiary clauses, were needed merely to assert
appreciative sketches of its deceased benefactors and a workman's right to the product of his toil!


158
[March 1,
THE DIAL
“ kokoro" is “heart” or “desire "; "yori” is a post-
COMMUNICATIONS.
position meaning "from"; "su-tachishi” means “nest-
left”; “matsu is “ pine"; "wa”
is an emphatic
A MODEL JAPANESE POEM.
particle, often indicating the subject, or the important
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
word, of a sentence; "taezu” means "continually,"
It is, no doubt, well understood, in literary circles in “constantly"; and “touramu” means “visit.”
America, that a Japanese poem is, like Japanese art,
A literal translation, verse by verse, with the same
quite unique. In fact, versification in Japan is con number of syllables in each line as in the original, reads
sidered one of the fine arts. And “ versification” is an
as follows:
“The old crane also,
appropriate term, for a Japanese poem is generally manu-
factured. There are certain very rigid forms, and only
Forgetting not his birthplace,
Very willingly
a few, for verse; and these forms are well known by all
The pine with the nest he left
fairly educated Japanese. In schools, moreover, the
Continually visits."
Japanese are carefully taught both the theory and the
Professor Murata, one of my colleagues in the First
practice of versification. Therefore, it may be said that,
Higher School, has favored me with a poetical transla-
in Japan, poeta et nascitur et fit.
tion, as follows:
The most common form of a Japanese poem is that
called tanka, or "tiny ode,” which consists of only thirty-
“The crane, forgetting not his dear old home,
Oft comes unto the nest on yonder pine
one syllables, arranged in five verses of respectively five,
Wherein his mother taught him first to fly.”
seven, five, seven and seven syllables. Such a brief
poem must necessarily be quite concise and suggestive
ERNEST W. CLEMENT.
or impressionistic. It has been truly said that a Japan Tokyo, Japan, February 2, 1912.
ese poem is a picture, or even only the outline of a pic-
ture, to be filled in by the imagination. And this must
be even more positively affirmed of the hokku, which ST. ANTHONY'S SERMON TO THE FISHES.
contains only the seventeen syllables of the first three
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
verses of the tanka. And yet it is possible to express,
In the Warner Library of American Literature, Vol.
or rather to suggest, a very beautiful scene in only
XLI., page 16,700, appears a poem- perhaps doggerel
seventeen syllables. One excellent example of this tini-
in form — entitled “St. Anthony's Sermon to Fishes,”
est form is the following:
which is marked "anonymous.” It opens as follows:
"Kare-eda ni
“Saint Anthony, at church,
U no tomari keri
Was left in the lurch;
Aki no kure."
So he went to the ditches
Which means literally:
And preached to the fishes,” etc.
“On a withered branch
Most of the verses end with the refrain:
A crow's perching
An autumn evening."
“No sermon beside
“Had the carps." (eels, pikes, etc.) “ so edified.”
It does not take a very strong imagination to fill out
that picture.
Though when the sermon is ended, it comes to this:
“Much delighted were they
For an example of the longer form, I should like to
But preferred the old way.”
present one which received high honors at the recent
Imperial Poetry Contest in the Palace. The subject
I once had what was, on the whole, a much worthier ren-
given out by His Imperial Majesty was “ A Crane on a dition of this legendary tale — just a waif clipped from
Pine," although, from the indefiniteness of Japanese
some paper, which is now hopelessly lost. Either
words, either or both of those nouns might be plural.
the same author tried again; or one writer's scheme was
Over 29,000 tanka on this subject were sent in to the
before the other; or, as is most probable, both trans-
As I
Imperial Household Department; but only fifty-eight lated quite literally from some foreign source.
were selected as eminently worthy, and only twenty-one
remember, that too was anonymous, but it began:
enjoyed the rare distinction of being read in the presence
“Saint Anthony, one day, found the church empty Sunday,
of His Majesty. Among these was one by an old man,
So he goes to the river, a discourse to deliver."
a primary school teacher in the country; it reads as
Then it details how the fish
follows:
“ Came swimming and squirming in shoals to the sermon."
“Ashitatsu mo
In this form, however, the common refrain is
Moto wo wasurenu
“But all said they never
Kokoro yori
Heard sermon so clever."
Su-tachishi matsu wa
Taezu touramu."
Even when the carps “went back to their carping,”
Now, it may be well to proceed with an analysis of
" the eels to good living,” “the pikes to their thieving,”
etc.,
this poem word by word, somewhat in the present fash-
“Yet all said they never
ion of parsing ad nauseam and dissecting to pieces the
Heard sermon so clever."
real masterpieces of English literature. In this case,
however, such a course is quite necessary to an appre-
I should be very glad to know from any of your readers
ciation of the conciseness and suggestiveness of this
where the latter form of the poem can be found, or to
“ tiny ode."
see it reproduced, - still more to learn whence, if it can
be ascertained, the two were derived or translated, as
“ Ashitatsu ” is a poetical word for “crane ”; “mo
embodying the quaint old legend of the good saint of
is emphatic and means “also ” or “even ”; “moto” is
Padua.
"origin" or birthplace"; “ wo" is the sign of the
S. T. KIDDER.
objective case; wasurenu” means “forgetting-not"; McGregor, Iowa, Feb. 23, 1912.
66
99
<<


1912.]
THE DIAL
159
-
The New Books.
ment of his previous work, “ Robert E. Lee, the
Southerner.” It did not stop with that, how-
ever; it “ finally assumed the proportions of
A HERITAGE OF AMERICAN
a biography”— an unusually full and fascinat-
PERSONALITY.*
ing one. It adds to the treatment of Lee's per-
If in this era, when our minds are bent upon sonal character, the theme of the earlier book,
peace, there be anything we can find to admire
an elaborate study of his military career and of
in war, it is that nobility in human character “ his relation to the civil power of the Confed-
which the dire stress of conflict sometimes re-
erate Government."
veals. What chiefly we look for in battle is It has, unfortunately, some faults, both ex-
murderous hatred; the more, then, can we appre ternal and internal. The former are due to a
ciate those spirits which touch its pitch and yet slight carelessness in the details of literary com-
are not defiled, which radiate instead an unsus- position. They are partly excused by the large-
pected “sweetness and light.” Our American ness of the author's undertaking ; but surely
Civil War is one of the awful tragedies of his so good a literary artist as Mr. Page should not
tory; yet from it rise two personalities that go perpetrate a sentence such as “ No more were
far to redeem the havoc of the struggle. We Jackson or Johnston,” nor should he head a chap-
shall never think back
upon
that time without a
ter “ Lee's Audacity - Antietam and Chancel-
shudder; yet we shall never forget that it gave lorsville,” when the chapter is devoted in toto
us Lincoln and Lee.
to the first-named battle. He has, further, a
The character of Lincoln, though by no means provoking habit—largely to be explained by his
universally understood, has been studied from method of arrangement -of discussing a given
many angles and appraised at something near point on the instalment plan, with long inter-
its proper value. Not so with Lee. The South. vals of foreign matter between the several instal-
ern chieftain has been viewed in the main from
ments. Readers would be better satisfied if the
but two standpoints, and these have been more
explanation of such questions as Hooker's inde-
or less extreme. The average man in the North cision at Chancellorsville and Grant's relations
has had a conception of him hardly flattering; with Butler were concentrated in single passages
the average man in the South has had a dif-
instead of being dispersed over much space.
ferent conception, but one not much closer to
the truth. Too few have thought of Lee in they impair in some measure the high value of
connection with our national life and traditions. the volume. Mr. Page disclaims any purpose
Something more than a year ago the present of panegyric, and his attitude toward the peo-
writer expressed the belief that if the Ameri- ple of the North is that which Charles Francis
can people would repair their greatest neglect Adams, Lincoln's minister to Great Britain,
of the legacy derivable from a single character expressed toward Southerners : “ They also are
in their history, they would have to acquaint my countrymen.” Yet one cannot help feeling
themselves thoroughly with the real nature of that he holds a brief for Lee and for Virginia.
Lee.” At that time there was but one volume His contention that final success is not the test
on Lee—the “ Recollections and Letters” by his of military genius is, in the light of his refer-
which offered the means of adequate in ence to Hannibal and Napoleon, reasonable
sight; and this volume afforded the material for enough; but we may admit Lee’s greatness with-
judgment rather than the final utterance itself.
out maintaining that his generalship was flaw-
Recently, however, two books have appeared, less. The study of Lee's character shows the
which, taken together, are well-nigh if not en-
same tendency to exaggerate: Lee comes about
tirely definitive. They are complementary to as near the ideal as anyone could wish, but he
each other; they issued from the press almost
was a real human being after all. And why so
simultaneously; one is the work of a “F.F. V.”
many commendations of Virginia, when the ob-
student of Lee's, while the other was written by ject of our scrutiny is the individual hero? Mr.
a descendant of a well-known family of Massa- Page halts between two opinions: he wishes to
chusetts abolitionists.
show us the great superiority of the man, and
Mr. Page’s volume was begun as an enlarge at the same time he is anxious to bring up the
ROBERT E. LEE: MAN AND SOLDIER. By Thomas State to the same exalted height.
Our sus-
Nelson Page. With portrait and maps. New York: Charles picions are aroused when we read, “ Lee's char-
Scribner's Sons.
acter I deem absolutely the fruit of the Vir-
LEE THE AMERICAN. By Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. Illus-
trated. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
ginian civilization which existed in times past.”
son


160
[March 1,
THE DIAL
66 He was
>>
Then follow statements that we cannot recon liance on God and in the precepts he conveyed
cile. He calls Lee " The noblest gentleman of to his son: “ To be obedient to all authority,
our time”; yet elsewhere he asserts that “ noble and to do his duty in everything, great or
as he was, ten thousand gentlemen marched be small.” His serene dignity and purpose to serve
hind him who, in all the elements of private shone forth resplendent in defeat.
character, were his peers.” It is a pity that indicted for treason by a grand jury composed
fervor and a divided purpose mar in some de- partly of negroes"; "to his death he remained
gree
the fine disinterestedness and symmetry of a prisoner on parole.'” Yet he set calmly about
the work.
his task of healing discord and building up the
But when these reservations have been made, devastated South. High positions and large
there is still a vast deal in the volume which is salaries were offered him - “everything,” said
altogether praiseworthy. The accounts of Lee's his daughter, “ but the only thing he will ac-
various campaigns are full and interesting. By cept: a place to earn honest bread while en-
a happy device, the author sketches the main gaged in some useful work.” Finally he became
outlines of each, then tells of it again at much president of a struggling denominational college,
greater length, in painstaking detail, and with and
gave
the rest of his life to its betterment and
constant attention to the exact movements of that of its students. His salary was only $1,500
each corps and division. In this way general
In this way general a year; but he rejected another offer of lucra-
information is followed by that which is minute, tive employment with these words : “I have led
and the reader need not stop for the latter un the young men of the South in battle ; I have
less he chooses. Along with the operations in seen many of them die on the field; I shall de-
the field is unfolded a knowledge of the extra vote my remaining energies to training young
ordinary difficulties under which Lee labored. men to do their duty in life.”
It is something of a revelation to learn how Mr. Bradford, far more than Mr. Page, has
great an advantage the Union forces possessed the sense of Lee's character as a part of our
in having a navy constantly at their disposal. national inheritance. He regards it not as a
It is equally surprising to know how important sectional but as our common possession. His
it was to the Confederacy to protect the Trede- dedication reads:
gar Iron Works at Richmond. More astonish “ To the young men both of the North and of the
ing still is the information we obtain of how Lee
South who can make or unmake the future of the
was hampered by the inefficiency of the Con-
America of Washington, of Lincoln, and of Lee.”
federate government. The government had Three other passages that I cannot forbear quot-
theories about making the war one of pure de ing at length show the depth of his insight and
fense; it hoped that by refusing to ship cotton
the rightness of his attitude:
to Europe it could force recognition ; it tried to
“ Abandon all these local animosities, and make your
sons Americans. What finer sentence could be inscribed
hold the entire country, instead of concentrat-
on the pedestal of Lee's statue than that ? Americans !
ing its armies; it insisted that the army elect All the local animosities forgiven and forgotten, can we
its officers; it failed to punish desertion ; it for not say that he too, though dying only five years after
bade Lee to pick bis own chief of staff ; it
the terrible struggle, died a loyal, a confident, a hope-
ful American, and one of the very greatest ?”
cramped his strategy by forcing him to submit
his plans for approval ; and it managed miser-
“One was a man of the eighteenth century, the other
ably the forwarding of supplies. Mr. Page of the nineteenth; one of the old America, the other of
maintains that Lee would certainly have made the new. Grant stands for our modern world, with its
a third invasion of the North had his troops had
rough business habits, its practical energy, its desire to
do things no matter how, its indifference to the sweet
proper shoes and clothing, and that he would
grace of ceremony and dignity and courtesy. Lee had
have struck Grant a fatal blow in the Wilder-
the traditions of an older day, not only its high beliefs,
ness had not his men been so widely dispersed but its grave stateliness, its feeling that the way of doing
for subsistence. In the face of such obstacles, things was almost as much as the thing done. In short,
and of well-equipped armies numerically stronger
Grant's America was the America of Lincoln, Lee's the
America of Washington. It is in part because of this
than his own, Lee's struggle was truly heroic
difference, and because I would fain believe that with-
and pathetic.
out loss of the one we may some day regain something
The key to Lee's character Mr. Page finds of the other, that I have given so much thought to the
in its likeness to that of Washington, Lee's portrayal of Lee's character and life.”
model. He was a humane, self-sacrificing,
“ America in the twentieth century worships success,
pious man - if possible, more pious even than
is too ready to test character by it, to be blind to those
Jackson. The secret of his life lay in his re faults success hides, to those qualities that can do with-


1912.]
161
THE DIAL
out it. Here was a man who failed grandly, a man I suppose, an art which is not psychology, because it
who said that human virtue should be equal to human deals with individuals, not general principles, and is not
calamity,' and showed that it could be equal to it, and biography, because it swings clear of the formal sequence
so, without pretense, without display, without self of chronological detail, and uses only those deeds and
consciousness, left an example that future Americans words and happenings that are spiritually significant."
may study with profit as long as there is an America.
After explaining the dangers, both subjective
“ A young sophomore was once summoned and gently
admonished that only patience and industry would
and objective, that threaten the psychographer's
prevent the failure that would inevitably come to him poise, he maintains that the chief advantage in
through college and through life.
studying great men is in finding their resem-
u But, General, you failed,' remarked the sophomore, blance to ordinary mortals. He parts company
with the inconceivable ineptitude of sophomores. with the believers in Lee's absolute perfection
“. I hope that you may be more fortunate than 1,'
when he shows us that Lee was the barest trifle
was the tranquil answer.
“ Literature can add nothing to that."
aloof, and that the invasion proclamations were
In reaching an understanding of Lee's char- prompted by sound common-sense as well as by
acter, Mr. Bradford has discarded legend and lofty principles. But the purpose is not to be-
engaged in exhaustive research. “ A complete little his subject. It is rather to inspire us.
bibliography of sources,” he declares, “ would The process need not be, as might seem, disillu-
be practically a bibliography of the war litera- sioning. Mr. Bradford's method is that of thor-
ture both Northern and Southern." Yet he does ough sanity; yet he finds Lee "a human being
not present, as does Mr. Page, in epic narrative
as lovable as any that ever lived.” “I have
a multitude of facts about Lee's career.
Nor loved him,” he declares, “and I may say that his
does his familiarity with the background of gen-
influence upon my own life, though I came to
eral conditions upon which Lee's actions were
him late, has been as deep and as inspiring as
projected — his knowledge of the social and any
I have ever known."
moral issues, and of the larger phases of the
Mr. Bradford's chapter on “The Great De-
technical and administrative problems — lure
cision” shows us that Lee's actions were guided
him from his peculiar theme. Happily, we are
“ strictly and loftily by conscience." The se-
promised the fruitage of these by-studies in a
verest test came at the outbreak of hostilities.
subsequent volume, “ Portraits of the Confed. Then, as always, Lee excluded personal con-
eracy.” Wise readers will not expect the forth- siderations; but he was not satisfied with either
coming studies to reveal any such ideal as Lee. party.
“ While I wish to do what is right,
The other leaders had merits and weaknesses :
he wrote, “I am unwilling to do what is wrong
we may be sure Mr. Bradford will be blind to at the bidding of the South or of the North.'
neither. He will show the men as they were,-
He felt that the destruction of the old balance
and that is all we can ask.
between local and central authority would be
Here, as I have suggested, Mr. Bradford has
an end to Republican government in this coun-
made it his purpose to portray Lee's soul. He try"; on the other hand, he considered slavery
has shown this in the various relations suggested
“a moral and political evil” an evil which a
by the titles of all the chapters save one: “The
decision for the South would force him to up-
Great Decision," “ Lee and Davis," "Lee and
hold. “It is precisely this network of moral
the Confederate Government,' " Lee and his
conditions," affirms Mr. Bradford, “that makes
Army," "Lee and Jackson," "Lee in Battle,
his heroic struggle so pathetic, so appealing, so
Lee is one of the most
“ Lee as a General,” “ Lee's Social and Domes irresistibly human.
tic Life,”
," " Lee's Spiritual Life,” and “ Lee
striking, one of the noblest tragic figures the
after the War." It will be seen that Mr. Brad-
world ever produced.” The most perfect com-
ford falls in with the new school of writers who
ment on his life is his own statement that to do
in their treatment of historical figures lay stress
our duty is “all the pleasure, all the comfort,
all the glory we can enjoy in this world.”
vital and so valuable is this aim, and so suc-
cessful is Mr. Bradford in carrying it out, that
with the Confederate government, with his army,
readers will be especially interested in his own
and with Jackson, are absorbing. Of these, the
comments on his method of approach. These
first two show his fine modesty and courtesy ;
comprise an attractive and illuminating ap-
they also show his patience under trying diffi-
pendix, "Lee and Psychography.” He says:
culties that lead Mr. Bradford to write, “ He
“ What I have aimed at in this book is the portrayal
was never free.” The third explains his extra-
of a soul. We live in an age of names, and a new name
ordinary hold upon his men through the confi-
has recently been invented-psychography. This means, dence he inspired, his personal magnetism, his


162
[March 1,
THE DIAL
of peace.
22
own love for his soldiers, and his recognition of fact that, “so far as his limited opportunities
the fact that he was leading an army of Ameri will allow us to judge, he was a thinker in edu-
can freemen. The fourth shows his wisdom in cation as he was a thinker in war"? His
pro-
dealing with the most inflexible personalities. gramme was one of constructive labor: “ Tell
Nothing is more characteristic of him than the them they must all set to work, and if they can-
suggestion through which he reconciled differ not do what they prefer, do what they can.”
ences between Jackson and A. P. Hill: “ He
A summary so meagre as has here been given
who has been the most aggrieved can be the is likely to mislead. It is earnestly recommended
most magnanimous and make the first overture that every good citizen, every student of worthy
personality, read for himself Captain Lee's
The chapter on “Lee in Battle” reveals to “Recollections and Letters" of his father, Mr.
us again that nice balance of Lee's gifts which Page's absorbing biography, and Mr. Bradford's
accounts for Alexander's dictum “ Probably no study of Lee's inmost character. The last must
man ever commanded an army and at the same be considered an altogether indispensable book.
time so entirely commanded himself.” The Its discriminating analysis is supported by a
treatment of “ Lee as a General ” shows the wealth of humanized evidence and vital illustra-
enormous difficulties with which he had to con tion, and it gives a superb and convincing por-
tend, and finds four outstanding military quali- trayal of the actual soul of Lee. One wonders
ties: organizing power, boldness, rapidity and as he reads it whether the resurrection of human
perhaps energy of action, and a knowledge of character is not almost the equal of great crea-
human nature. The last quality enabled him tive writing — especially when the character
to deal effectively with subordinate and foeman. resurrected is one so noble as is here portrayed.
Mr. Bradford thinks it the chief of his military
GARLAND GREEVER.
merits, and hence believes Colonel Henderson's
words are the most satisfying eulogy: “He
was the clearest-sighted soldier in America.”
THE LATEST EDITION OF THACKERAY.*
In "Lee's Social and Domestic Life" we see
his dignity, not stiff and pompous, but natural,
There have already been at least six note-
and softened by the inborn deference of the true worthy editions of Thackeray's complete works,
He had charm and thoroughgoing beginning with the “Library Edition” of
kindliness; his inherent moderation bordered a
1867-9, and ending with the “ Biographical
little on reserve. In “Lee's Spiritual Life” we
Edition" of 1898-9—two editions for each
learn that the bent of his character was - abso-decade from 1869 to 1899, with innumerable
lutely moral and practical.” He had passions cheaper reprints of either the whole or a part of
and sensibilities, but he kept them under con the great novelist's writings. To these numer-
trol. Perhaps he was a little too precise, a little ous editions is now added another, the “ Cen-
too scrupulous; yet we like to think of him as tenary Edition de Luxe," enriched with notes
worrying a little after Gettysburg because he of both biographical and bibliographical inter-
could not lay his hands upon officials to whom est from the competent pen of Mr. Lewis Mel-
he might pay his taxes. He had no desire for ville, and not only reproducing the original
rank or honors, no jealousy, no impatience un-
Thackeray illustrations and some others by
der criticism, no wish to justify himself at the artists of his time, but also presenting a new
expense
of others even when those others were series of drawings, some five hundred in num-
at fault. His religion was “a pure and vivify- ber, by Mr. Harry Furniss. The volumes are
ing light”; it was compact of love. God was
substantial octavos, attractively bound in blue
the cardinal fact of his life.
and gilt, and sufficiently capacious to contain
“Lee before the War" is the only chapter even the longest of the novels within the covers
which is largely narrative. It further traces of a single book each. The “Vanity Fair,” for
early influences and the growth of high motives example, runs to seven hundred and forty-six
which were to govern him so thoroughly when pages, with Thackeray's drawings in the text
his role became conspicuous. “Lee after the
and Mr. Furniss's in full.
l-page plates.
War" presents a period as instructive and in Worthy of more than brief mention is the
spiring as any in his life. Whatever he did THE WORKS OF WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY.
was sure, as Grant asserted, to have tremendous Centenary Edition de Luxe. With bibliographical intro-
influence in the South. What, then, shall we
ductions by Lewis Melville, and five hundred new plates
by Harry Furniss. In twenty volumes. New York: The
say of his restraint, of his hopefulness, of the Macmillan Co.
-


1912.]
163
THE DIAL
-
“ Artist's Preface” with which each volume and the “ fat coachman,” a small, boyish figure,
is provided, and wherein the latest illustrator is on the wrong side of the box. These and
of Thackeray takes the reader into his confi other inconsistencies touched lightly upon by
dence and points out some of the peculiar diffi- Mr. Furniss are matters of curious interest to
culties confronting the pictorial interpreter of us now, rather than ground for complaint; but
the novelist's works. In preparing illustra- they probably add somewhat to the perplexities
tions for “ Vanity Fair,” for instance, shall the of the modern artist who wishes to make his
modern artist bring his designs into some har own illustrations to Thackeray not too incon-
mony with Thackeray's own and clothe his sistent with one another and with the familiar
characters in early Victorian costume, or shall designs of the novelist himself.
he risk the discord of letting his historically As a test, and a severe one, of the artist's
correct drawings clash with the accompanying sympathetic imagination and technical skill,
Victorian conceptions ? Strange enough to us Beatrix offers difficulties enough, and the reader
now is Thackeray’s explicit reason for prefer- will examine with interest the depiction of her
ring contemporary costume to that of a genera- in her varying moods by the illustrator's pencil.
tion earlier, the actual period of the story. | Rightly enough Mr. Furniss holds that “the
“When I remember the appearance of people interest of the story to artists, and I venture to
in those days,” he says in a footnote at the end think to the reader as well, centres in Beatrix and
of his sixth chapter, and that an officer and her mother, with Esmond between the two, like
lady were actually habited like [illustration Garrick between comedy and tragedy. Esmond
inserted], I have not the heart to disfigure my is, after all, but the walking gentleman-perhaps
heroes and heroines by costumes so hideous, we ought to say the fighting gentleman - in
and have, on the contrary, engaged a model of this play bearing his name. He is artistically
rank dressed according to the present fashion.” | the foil to the mother and daughter in whom the
As Mr. Furniss takes occasion to observe, we interest lies, the mother for her part the foil to
of the present day look back upon the early Beatrix: so it comes to this, Beatrix dominates
Victorian monstrosities of crinoline and other all, and one would have thought, at least I have,
peculiarities of dress as exceedingly unbecoming, but hardly dare to suggest that the title of the
whereas the costume of the Waterloo period book should have been • Beatrix.'” A captivat-
strikes the eye as unusually pleasing, and has, ing creature Mr. Furniss makes of her, but
moreover, in ladies' dress at least, a certain sim- frankly despairs of doing justice to the author's
ilarity to fashions not unknown to the twentieth conception, and goes so far as to maintain that
century. Consequently the costumes he has no brush or pencil can produce a satisfactory
drawn are not so strange and repellent to the likeness, although, strangely enough, the sculp-
modern reader as are those of 1845, drawn by tor might succeed in the undertaking,
the author himself.
As illustrating Mr. Furniss's careful atten-
That Thackeray was by no means the ideal tion to minute details in his difficult task, let us
illustrator of his own more serious works, no one quote what he says in connection with Thack-
will deny; and this is attributed by Mr. Fur- eray's frequent raptures over the dainty feet of
niss to “the fact that he thoroughly enjoyed his heroines. “ It is very seldom indeed,” he
throwing off unconsidered trifles, slight carica- affirms, “ a pretty or a handsome woman has
tures and fanciful suggestions for initial letters small feet, or even good proportions. All artists
and tail-pieces, but that illustrating novels wor know that models with good figures have gen-
ried him. He was never satisfied with his own erally plain – frequently coarse - faces.
or other artists' rendering of his heroines, and I Every haberdasher in selling hosiery demon-
doubt if I would have dared to illustrate him strates that the hand is the index to the foot,
had I lived in his day.” But that it was not but it may not be generally known that the hand
merely his heroines who gave trouble to Thack- is a complete reflex of the whole figure.
eray the draughtsman, is of course apparent This fact is, as I say, little known, otherwise I
even to a casual observer. In his very first am sure Tbackeray and other writers, dwelling
illustration to “Vanity Fair,” the vignette upon the charms of their heroines, would have
accompanying the ornamental initial at the be referred more to their perfectly shaped hands
ginning of the first chapter, he depicts an equi. than to their pretty and impossible feet.” But
page absurdly out of harmony with his written this is carrying us pretty far into the domain
description of it in the opening paragraph. The of realism and away from romance, which neither
“ two fat horses” are the smallest of ponies ; | Thackeray nor his illustrator seriously intends.
;
O


164
[March 1,
THE DIAL
ance.
;
In comparing Mr. Furniss's drawings with the least of its admirable features. So much of
those of such famous earlier Thackeray illustra matter within the compass of twenty volumes
tors as Doyle and Walker, hardly any modern has of course imposed the necessity of a rather
reader can fail to find something in the later small print; but it is clear and, to any but
artist's conceptions thatgrips him with a stronger defective eyesight, large enough for comfort,
sense of reality than do the perhaps equally even if not for the luxury implied in the pub-
excellent drawings of Thackeray's own contem lisher's designation of the edition. At any rate,
poraries. Every illustrator of course breathes this centenary set of Thackeray's works worthily
more or less of the spirit of his age ; and so, helps to make memorable the year of its appear-
whether it be in the costume or attitude or bear-
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
ing of the characters he draws, or in something
far more intangible and indefinable
"atmos-
phere ” is perhaps the word for it—there cer-
NARRATIVES OF THE INDIANS OF THE
tainly is some quality in the work of an illustrator
OLD NORTHWEST.*
contemporary with the reader, that is likely to
please him more than that of a much earlier The two substantial volumes on “ The Indian
workman in the same field. Hence, just as Tribes of the Upper Mississippi Valley and
history and biography and romance have to be Region of the Great Lakes” will be heartily
written over and over again for succeeding gen- welcomed by all who are interested in original
erations, so the masterpieces of literature call narratives dealing with the Indian tribes of the
for fresh illustration with each new half-century Old West — the West traversed by Radisson,
or even less; or if the pictures are not actually Hennepin, and Lahontan, and later by Jonathan
drawn they are sure to be imagined by the reader Carver ; and it is much to be regretted that the
for himself, which is not seldom the better way. scholarly translator and editor, Emma Helen
Mr. Melville's prefatory bibliographical notes Blair, did not live to receive the grateful ac-
are always very much to the point and frequently knowledgments of students and the reading
packed with information of more than biblio- public for having performed a difficult task with
graphical interest. The account which Mr. Eyre care and discrimination.
Crowe, at one time Thackeray's secretary and It may be said that the work constitutes, in a
amanuensis, gives of the work upon “Esmond” general way, a history of the Indian tribes of
engages our willing attention.
“ An appeal to the Northwest and the region of the Great Lakes,
an obliging attendant,” Mr. Crowe has related, from their first contact with civilization to
“ brought us through the now public portion of 1827, although there is a gap of a century be-
the library [of the British Museum), where, I tween the French narratives and those written
remember, on his touching a hidden spring in by American officials. The principal writings
what seemed to be beautifully bound folios, but included are the first complete English trans-
which were in reality only sbam backs of these, lation of Nicolas Perrot's "Mémoire sur les
a door flew open, and we were in the presence Moeurs, Coustumes et Religion des Sauvages
of Sir Anthony Panizzi. He readily granted de l'Amérique Septentrionale”; a translation
permission to write in one of the secluded gal (the first) of that part of La Potherie's “ Histoire
leries, at a table placed in the midst of the vol de l'Amérique Septentrionale " relating to the
umes to be consulted. I sat down and wrote to “savage peoples who are allies of New France";
dictation the scathing sentences about the great a letter of Major Morrell Marston, U.S.A., to
Marlborough, the denouncing of Cadogan, etc., the Reverend Dr. Jedidiah Morse (November,
etc.”
1820), concerning the Sauk and Foxes; and a
The volume of “ Ballads and Verses, and report (January 15, 1827) on the manners and
Miscellaneous Contributions to Punch,'" with customs of the same tribes, sent to General
its amusing pictures by Thackeray, Leech, and William Clark, Superintendent of Indian Af-
others, has allowed Mr. Furniss the freest range
* THE INDIAN TRIBES OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VAL-
to his fancy, and has also given Mr. Melville
LEY AND REGION OF THE GREAT LAKES. As described
an opportunity to present a fuller collection of by Nicolas Perrot, French Commandant in the Northwest;
Bacqueville de la Potherie, French Royal Commissioner to
bibliographical notes than usual. The “ Artist's
Canada; Morrell Marston, American Army Officer; and
Preface,” too, is of unusual length and interest. Thomas Forsyth, United States Agent at Fort Armstrong.
In fact, the variety of readable matter contrib Translated, edited, annotated, and with Bibliography and
uted to this edition of Thackeray by other pens
Index, by Emma Helen Blair. In two volumes. With por-
traits, map, facsimiles, and views. Cleveland: The Arthur
than that of the novelist himself constitutes not H. Clark Company.


1912.]
165
THE DIAL
fairs, by Thomas Forsyth, United States Indian cabin; and during all that time they cannot even eat
Agent.
there with the men, or eat food which has been pre-
pared by men's hands. It is for this reason that the
The English translation of Perrot's “Mé.
women cook their own food separately.
moire" is the most notable feature of the work.
“The savages — I mean those who are not converted
This book in English has long been a desidera [to Christianity]— recognize as principal divinities only
tum, for the French edition (Leipzig and Paris,
the Great Hare, the sun, and the devils. They oftenest
invoke the Great Hare, because they revere and adore
1864), edited by Father Tailhan, a learned
him as the creator of the world; they reverence the sun
Jesuit, is not easily accessible to those far re-
as the author of light; but if they place the devils among
moved from the more important libraries, and their divinities, and invoke them, it is because they are
is, of course, a sealed volume to those unfamiliar afraid of them, and in the invocations which they make
with the French language. The present trans-
to the devils they entreat them for [the means of]
lation will make available to the general reader jugglers' talk with the demon, whom they consult for
life. Those among the savages whom the French call
a really important contribution to our knowledge [success in] war and hunting.”
of the Indians of the Upper Mississippi Valley
It is altogether likely that Perrot would have
and lake region
a contribution which has here-
extended his work somewhat had he been better
tofore been little known to those not specialists provided with writing materials. He concludes
in the field of aboriginal history.
the "Mémoire" rather abruptly with an “ha-
Perrot, like Du Lhut, was a prince of cou rangue which ought to have been made to all
reurs de bois ; a man of tough fibre, brave, the Outaoüa Tribes, in order to bind them to
tactful, and shrewd ; a consummate master of the peace with the Renards and their allies";
Indian character, and perhaps the most success and adds: “The scarcity of paper does not per-
ful of all the French emissaries among the West mit me to give fuller examples of this sort of
ern Indians. Born in 1644, Perrot came to harangue, as I would have been able to if I were
New France in a year unknown, and began life not destitute of paper."
there in the service of the missionaries. He first La Potherie was appointed, in 1698,"comp-
came West in 1665, and at once saw the im. troller-general of the marine and fortifications
portance of uniting the Western tribes against in Canada, the first incumbent of a newly cre-
their common enemy, the Iroquois, and making ated post.” His “ Histoire," long very scarce,
them allies of the French. He was frequently
He was frequently and now in part published in English for the
employed by the governors of New France on
first time, is a work of great importance, but
account of his great ability in managing the little known except to the few who are engaged
wily savage.
A master of many of their dia in historical research. It is generally believed
lects, and for many years a close student of their that the lost writings of Perrot, to which refer-
customs, Perrot exercised an influence over the ence is made by some of the early writers, were
Indians with whom he came in contact unsur freely drawn upon by La Potherie, - thus en-
passed by that of any other Frenchman of his
hancing rather than diminishing the value of his
day. As a trader, he established several posts in book. He also supplemented his own expe-
the Indian country. It is not remarkable, there riences as an official of the French government
fore, that this man, though an unskilled writer, in the Indian country with information received
produced a work at once interesting and reli from Joliet, the Jesuit fatbers, and others. In
able,- which, unfortunately, remained in man making her translation, Miss Blair has used the
uscript for more than a century and a half. fourth edition of the “ Histoire ” (Paris, 1758).
He not only gives us an intimate account of La Potherie was a keen observer and at times
the primitive Indian of the Old West, but also a lively writer. There follows his description
throws much light on the relations existing be of an Indian feast (volume 1, pages 337, 338):
tween the French and the tribes coming within “They (the assembled tribes) decided that they would
the sphere of their influence.
go with the Frenchmen (to Montreal]; preparations for
Here is a fair example of Perrot's manner of
this were accordingly made, and a solemn feast was held;
and on the eve of their departure a volley of musketry
writing (volume 1, pages 47–49):
was fired in the village. Three men sang incessantly, all
“ It cannot be said that the savages profess any doc night long, in a cabin, invoking their spirits from time
trine; and it is certain that they do not, so to speak, to time. They began with the song of Michabous; then
follow any religion. They only observe some Jewish they came to that of the god of lakes, rivers, and forests,
customs, for they have certain feasts at which they make begging the winds, the thunder, the storms, and the
no use of a knife for cutting their cooked meat, which tempests to be favorable to them during the voyage.
they devour with their teeth. The women have also a The next day, the crier went through the village, invit-
custom, when they bring their children into the world, ing the men to the cabin where the feast was to be pre-
of spending a month without entering the husband's pared. They found no difficulty in going thither, each


166
[March 1,
THE DIAL
furnished with his Ouragan and Mikouen (' his dish and There is an exhaustive bibliography, with critical
spoon '— La Potherie]. The three musicians of the
and biographic notes, covering fifty-two pages ;
previous night began to sing; one was placed at the en-
trance of the cabin, another in the middle, and the third
and it is a pleasure to observe that the index,
at its end; they were armed with quivers, bows, and prepared by Gertrude M. Robertson, is all that
arrows, and their faces and entire bodies were blackened could be desired.
with coal. While the people sat in this assembly, in Miss Blair's preface, although brief, adequately
the utmost quiet, twenty young men — entirely naked,
elaborately painted and wearing girdles of otter-skin,
introduces the work. With characteristic vigor
to which were attached the skins of crows, with their
she pleads for fair treatment of the Indians, in
plumage, and gourds — lifted from the fires ten great whom she has confidence, saying: “Let them
kettles; then the singing ceased. The first of these
be given a “square
deal'in
every way,
and there
actors next sang his war song, keeping time with it in a
is no doubt that in time they will prove them-
dance from one end to the other of the cabin, while all
the savages cried in deep guttural tones, •Hay, hay!'
selves worthy of it.”
When the musicians ended, all the others uttered a loud
The French works have been skilfully En-
yell, in which their voices gradually died away, much as
glished ; and Miss Blair's method of editing
a loud noise disappears among the mountains. Then the Perrot's “ Mémoire," as also the other narra-
second and third musicians repeated, in turn, the same tives, is admirable. She has been discriminating
performance; and, in a word, nearly all the savages
did
the same, in alternation — each singing his own song,
in the work of annotation ; the essential parts
but no one venturing to repeat that of another, unless
of Father Tailhan's notes - which are often
he were willing deliberately to offend the one who had diffuse and not always important — have been
composed the song, or unless the latter were dead (in retained, and much new matter added. Her
order to exalt, as it were, the dead man's name by appro-
priating his song). During this, their looks were accom-
scrupulous honesty in editing is shown by punc-
panied with gestures and violent movements; and some
tilious acknowledgment of the contributions of
of them took hatchets with which they pretended to others; there are no uncredited borrowings.
strike the women and children who were watching them. An excellent map giving the locations of the
Some took firebrands, which they tossed about every: leading Indian tribes serves as the frontispiece
where; others filled their dishes with red-hot coals, which
to Volume I.; and there are fourteen other
they threw at each other."
The letter of Major Marston, who was in illustrations, perhaps the most interesting being
a photographic facsimile of a precious auto-
Illinois, was printed (1822) in a report made by graph letter of Perrot, now in the possession of
Jedidiah Morse in the capacity of special govern: graphical errors have been found, but nothing
ment agent; but the text for the present work
that will mislead the reader. The books are
has been obtained from a copy of the original in
the well-known Draper manuscripts. Marston handsomely printed and durably bound.
shows great familarity with the tribes of the
JOHN THOMAS LEE.
Northwest Territory, and his relation could not
well be spared from the collection.
MORE LETTERS OF RICHARD WAGNER.*
Forsyth's manuscript, also from the Draper
collection, dealing with the Sauk and Fox tribes,
There probably never lived a man more com-
has never before been printed ; and it is cause pelled to a complete revelation of what was in
for wonder that the nimble Secretary of the Wis- him than Richard Wagner. There is no sort of
consin Historical Society, Dr. Thwaites, did not self-revelation which his career does not manifest.
long ago make use of it in the excellent publi- He stormed through life in the fierce exhibition
cations of that Society; but it is far better that it of a personality that broke over every limitation
should have been reserved for the present work. which the world without him or the world within
Forsyth adds to his interesting and valuable him might set. He poured himself into his
account of Indian customs and mode of life a artistic productions, both poetic and musical,
considerable vocabulary.
with surpassing ardor. He reveals himself in
There are appendixes giving additional infor- every musical drama: in times of darkness and
mation concerning Perrot; Indian society, char-defeat he is his own “ Flying Dutchman,” seek-
acter, and religious beliefs (chiefly from the ing eagerly for help and guidance ; in times of
“ Handbook of American Indians”); extracts light and triumph he is his own Walter, who car-
from letters written to Miss Blair by mission ries off the prize at the contest of the “ Master-
aries and others during the preparation of her singers in Nuremberg." All his doubts, his
volumes, setting forth the present condition of
* FAMILY LETTERS OF RICHARD WAGNER. Translated
the Sioux, the Potta watomi, and the Winnebago. I by William Ashton Ellis. New York: The Macmillan Co.


1912.]
167
THE DIAL
anticipations, his illuminative insights, are dis- Autobiography — as if he were compelled, like
closed in his dramas, and in the music which Socrates, by some divinity to make a further
repeats their substance, scene for scene, char- revelation to mankind, and put himself and his
acter for character.
great work justly before posterity, so willing to
There came to him the inexorable demand accept him at the highest reach which his appre-
to understand himself, to measure his work, to ciators could formulate.
transform the existing state of the great art to The family was a large one. The mother was
which he found his life must be devoted. His twice married, and there were children by both
views of music were evidently not those of his unions. They were a talented company. The
contemporaries; there had been forerunners - theatre exercised upon them a controlling fasci-
great and sincere men, indeed; but the full ex nation, and several of them were either singers
pression of the advance was a task which called or actresses of considerable distinction. Some
on him for its sure and adequate consummation. of the sisters made fortunate marriages, giving
So once more he sends forth his writings in the perturbed family prospects a favorable turn.
prose,
in which he reveals himself as the re Two of the sisters married into the Brockhaus
former in his art, the austere critic of the lower family, well-known in connection with the popu-
ideals which dominated his com peers, a voice cry- lar and useful Konversations-Lexicon. The
ing out in the wilderness, a message mingled of half-sister (the youngest child) married Edward
many and in some ways incongruous elements. Avenarius, chief of the Paris branch of the
The restless spirit was not satisfied with lit- Brockhaus business. She was devotedly at-
erature and music; nor could the individual tached to her famous brother, and the preserva-
activities of home and friendship bound the tion of many of the letters is due to her filial
eagerness of self-realization. The time was out piety. There were children of the children upon
of joint, and he was chosen to set it right. If whom the master seems to have looked with much
the means to be used were revolutionary, if affection, especially as his first marriage was
peaceful governments were to be assailed, there destitute of offspring, a source of great grief to
surely would be more glory in the warfare, and him in the dark hours of toil unrequited, and
the
courage
of the man should not fail to meet then showing no evidences that it would ever be
any test. So he becomes an exile from his requited. They were all held in genuinely close
country and has another grim disappointment and happy relations; and for one brother, Julius,
added to those which had already taxed his who appeared incapable of winning even a small
endurance.
meed of success in life, they made provision, and
In addition to all these activities, any one of Richard sent him money when his own circum-
which would have filled up the measure of an stances were so straitened that he was calling for
ordinary life, he was a voluminous letter-writer. help from all available sources.
It was inevitable that he should come in contact Mr. Ashton Ellis, to whom we are again in-
with leading minds in all departments of thought debted for the excellent and characteristic trans-
and action. There are now extant and published lation of these Wagner letters, makes the fol-
these letters to every sort of person, from kings lowing observations on the new collection :
to the simple toiler for his daily bread. He was
possessed by the insatiable need of self-expres- named (the Autobiography, the letters to the first wife
“For my own part, as between the three works just
sion. He could not hold anything secret. His Minna, the Family Letters here under review] in the
friends and his family must share with him his matter of self-portraiture I should give decided prefer-
never-ending projects and slow-coming triumphs.
- and should have even before seeing any of them
So we get the effusions to Uhlig and Fischer and
- to the one which displays to us the author in the most
levelling of all human relations, that of the member of a
Heine, his elaborate correspondence with Liszt, large family conclave, and youngest but one of a numer-
the kindred spirit who understood him and gave ous middle-class brood. Here no possible suspicion of
him aid and sympathy when he needed them attitudinizing can arise in the mind of the most inveter-
most, his constant expressions of himself to his
ate carper;
if I may be allowed to appeal to personal ex-
first wife Minna, his more elevated epistolary knock all that sort of thing out of their juniors mighty
perience of a similar quiverful, elder brothers and sisters
discussions of art and philosophy with those And so we get a picture of the naked human
who dwelt in the same intellectual regions with spirit in the driest and most neutral of lights, even the
himself; and now we have the familiar and in letters addressed to a younger generation, those to two
timate exchange of opinion and anticipation with
or three adoring nieces, being sobered by the certainty
that they will be shown to the girls' parents. Yet what
his mother, with brothers and sisters, and with
letters they are, the majority of those to his nieces! Take
other relatives. To crown all, there is the No. 65, for instance, with its •I court the affection of
ence
soon.


168
[March 1,
THE DIAL
nobody, and leave people to think what they like of me;
ADDRESSES OF A LIFETIME.*
but . . . if but a finger of true unconditional love is held
out to me from anywhere, I snatch at the whole hand as Few oral deliverances rank above the me-
possessed, draw the whole mortal to me by it if I can,
and give him, an' it may be, just such a thorough hearty
diocre as literature. At best the speeches of
kiss as I should like to give yourself today.' As pendant
one orator, dealing with issues once alive but
to which I may cite that to his brother-in-law Edward of long since dead and buried, can but serve as
almost ten years earlier: • I know no first or last midst models for later orators treating the themes of a
those my heart belongs to; I've only one heart, and who-
newer day. If ever a speaker truly perpetuates
ever dwells there is its tenant from bottom to top.'”
himself in print, it is because the fortunate occa-
The first letter has for date and address the
sion and the great man have coöperated to ele-
3d of March, 1832, Leipsic; it is written to his
vate the local and transitory into the universal
sister Ottilie; here is an extract:
and lasting ; but such men and such occasions
“For you must know that for over the past half year I
have been the pupil of our Cantor Weinlig, whom one may
are in conjunction only once in an age. Burke's
rightly call the greatest contrapuntist now alive; added to
orations will live; it is to be doubted whether
which he is such an excellent man that I'm fond of him those of Webster will survive, and only the
as of a father. . . . Last Christmas an overture of mine choicest of Lincoln's speeches have become a por-
was performed at the theatre, and actually one at the
tion of American literature. The “ American
Grand Concert (Gewandhaus) last week; and I would
Addresses” of former ambassador Joseph H.
have
you
know this latter is no trifle."
Choate do not belong in this small class of ora-
The last letter has for date and address the
tions that are literature, but they are excellent
27th of October, 1874, Bayreuth; it is written
to his widowed sister, Clara Wolfram; an ex-
specimens of modern eloquence, — flowing and
yet chaste in diction, restrained and thoughtful,
tract follows:
rising frequently to elevated levels of idea and
“How strange, dear Cläre! Only yesterday I was
thinking of yourself most vividly, and made up my mind
emotion, and revealing always a personality of
to invite you to visit us here next summer and stay as rare charm and magnanimity.
long as you liked in our at last completed house. You Indeed, the volume is a substantial and in-
were to bring your Röschen with you; it was all settled, teresting contribution to recent prose. The dis-
and I was recalling so many chapters in my life which
you had helped go through, and thinking how you really tinguished name of the orator from whose
are my greatest intimate of all my brothers and sisters. addresses these selections have been made by
My childhood, too, of which wife so often wants to hear, himself would bespeak for the book a wider in-
you alone could have distinct remembrance of. So-I
terest than is usually elicited by oral discourses
was rejoicing in the thought of writing you soon --- - and
behold ! there comes this sable message. -
put into cold print, and this interest is abun-
- Good
Wolfram !— how glad I am I saw him once again last dantly justified by the range and quality of the
year, after so long an interval! . . . And now I ask addresses. They are the select speeches of a life-
myself if you ought n't, perhaps, to come to us this very time, a sort of record of a life enviable in rich
autumn - so lovely here now. .. Then we'll have
and abundant experience. The earliest address
many a long talk—and that's often a wonderful help.”
was delivered at the opening of the famous Sani-
The interval spans the mighty and successful
tary Fair in New York in 1864; the latest, dated
career; the letters between are filled with hopes 1910, was spoken, by a strange coincidence, at
and fears, aspirations and exultations. The
the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the
record is of remarkable interest; the man is founding of the first training school for nurses
seen again from many points of view; his utter in the same city. When the first address was
ance is as usual vehement, picturesque, and made, Mr. Choate had been practising his pro-
individual.
fession but nine years; at the time of the last,
Mr. Ellis, the translator, is completing the forty-six years afterwards, he had long worn
great work to which he has given so much of his almost all the coveted laurels of a great lawyer,
life. He is, with Herr Glasenapp, the accepted and had represented his country for six years at
chronicler of Wagner. Such work as his can the Court of St. James. The earlier speeches
not be overestimated ; indeed, to make an ade-
are original documents throwing interesting side-
quate statement of its value and importance lights on critical passages in the history of New
forces one to speak in superlatives that would York City or of the nation ; some of the later
sound as vain exaggerations. The present volume
are reminiscences of a past as foreign to the
is, like its predecessors, filled with understand present generation as is our Colonial epoch.
ing of the life with which it deals, and repro- One address recounts the meeting of the New
duces the characteristics of the original with
skill and effectiveness.
* AMERICAN ADDRESSES. By Joseph H. Choate. With
Louis J. BLOCK. portrait. New York: The Century Co.


1912.]
169
THE DIAL
--
England Society in 1855, when Dr. Holmes was all," says the distinguished lawyer, speaking
the shining figure present, and wben the city of in 1898 before the Chicago Bar Association,
New York was all below Forty-second Street and “what Mr. Emerson said of character is far
numbered 500,000 souls. Still other speeches more true in our profession than anywhere else,
deal with questions of the present.
that character is a far higher power than intel-
The biographic and memorial addresses are a lect, and character and conscience in the long
picture gallery of notable American leaders, run are sure to come out ahead.” The rising
Rufus Choate, the great Massachusetts orator, generation will profit in essentials if it will take
“the flashing glance of whose dark eye, and to heart similar wholesome and eloquent words
the light of whose bewitching smile,” faded out of sound wisdom contained in almost every ad-
together with the last “tones of his matchless dress in this volume.
voice" fifty-three years ago; Admiral Farragut,
O. D. WANNAMAKER.
“ whose name will ever stir like a trumpet the
hearts of his grateful countrymen"; "the great
and dear name of Phillips Brooks," in whom DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDIEVAL MIND.*
were manifested “all the greatest and best
qualities of Puritanism, purged of its dross, its
That the mediæval mind was dominated by
follies, and its sins"; Dr. Storrs, whom all
two great influences — that of classical an-
Brooklyn assembled to honor at his jubilee in tiquity, or the antique culture, and that of
1896 as its leading citizen ; James Coolidge patristic theology — is the main theme of Mr.
Carter, for years the foremost lawyer of America; Taylor's great interpretative history of mediæ-
val culture. The cultural historical manifes-
Carl Schurz, hero in two wars waged for free-
dom. Other heroic and gracious personalities tation of the two-fold dominance referred to
also receive tribute of fitting praise, and the last
is also two-fold; namely, intellectual and
address eulogizes the life and work of Florence emotional, the thought and the feeling of the
Nightingale.
age. The aim constantly before the author
In thought, eloquence of diction, and abund- throughout these two large octavos is “ to follow
ance of wit and humor the volume shows a
through the Middle Ages the development of
steady progress from the earlier to the latest
intellectual energy and the growth of emotion.”
addresses. However, the born diplomat - in
The organization and treatment of the im-
the most honorable sense — is the same from
mepse mass of material illustrative of the char-
first to last. His discerning humor and skilful
acter and tendencies of mediæval culture show
language saved the day, for instance, when the
a remarkable combination of scholarly objec-
un popular General Butler, governor of Massa- tivity with subjectivity of a high order. This,
chusetts, came to the Harvard Commencement however, was only to be expected from the au-
thor of “ Ancient Ideals ” and “ The Classical
of 1883 prepared to express his resentment of the
indignity done him by the purposeful absence Heritage of the Middle Ages.” Mr. Taylor
holds that the function of the historian is not
of the president of the alumni association, but-
after the introduction by Mr. Choate substi- merely to delve into the minutiæ of the past.
tuted a different and very agreeable speech.
He must, at his peril, judge as well as narrate.
Many of the briefer addresses, indeed, are
· He cannot state the facts and sit aloof, impartial
between good and ill, between success and failure,
models of good sense, fine considerateness, and
progress and retrogression, the soul's health and love-
delightful wit.
liness and spiritual foulness and disease. He must love
Certain of the memorial orations on Carl and hate, and at his peril love aright and hate what
Schurz, for instance, and Phillips Brooks
is truly hateful. And although his sympathies quiver
to understand and feel as the man and woman before
so suffused with genuine conviction and strong him, his sympathies must be controlled by wisdom.”
feeling as to stir the heart even in their printed So in regard to the Middle Ages, “ we have to
form. Indeed, it is the sincerity and depth of sympathize with their best, and understand their
the speaker's convictions as to morals, character, lives out of their lives and the conditions in
and patriotism that give greatest value to the
book. The frequently reiterated emphasis upon task, and it calls for an extraordinary knowledge
which they were passed.” This is not an easy
the fundamental importance of the radical vir- and sympathy on the part of moderns. We are
tues as the ultimate source of achievement and
success makes the book a timely antidote to
*THE MEDIEVAL MIND, A History of the Development
of Thought and Emotion in the Middle Ages. By Henry
much that passes to-day for sound wisdom and
Osborn Taylor. In two volumes. New York: The Mac-
trustworthy teaching. “But last and more than millan Co.
66
are


170
[March 1,
THE DIAL
9
so much nearer akin to the cultural ideas and strain, how Teuton qualities came from Anglo-
ideals of Greece and Rome than to those of Saxon, German, and Norseman, and how Chris-
mediæval Empire and Papacy that much of the tianity and antique knowledge were brought by
finest and best in mediæval ascetic and chivalric Irish and Roman monks to the pagan peoples
thought and emotion is apt to escape us through of the north. All this is well and skilfully told,
lack of understanding of fundamental socio and the function of the Teutons in mediæval
psychic traits. A careful reading of Mr. evolution is shown to have been “ to accept
Taylor's two volumes cannot fail to put the Christianity and learn something of the pagan
sympathetic student on an appreciative and antique, and then to react upon what they had
understanding basis with regard to what was received and change it to their natures.”
best and most characteristic in mediæval cul The next section of the work takes up in detail
ture. The work is not merely informing in the intellectual forces and figures of the early
its wealth of illustration and citation, it is an Middle Ages. The Carolingian period shows
“ Open Sesame” to a thorough understanding the first stage in the appropriation of the patristic
of the forces and influences producing and de and antique, while the beginnings of European
veloping the mediæval mind.
nationalism in the eleventh century are recog-
In working out his thesis of dual influences nized by separate chapters on the Latin cul.
and dual manifestations, Mr. Taylor first de tural thought of Italy, France, Germany, and
scribes the groundwork of mediæval thought England. In closing this section, attention is
and emotion. He shows how the west was drawn to the growth of mediæval emotion in
Latinized, and how Greek philosophy was connection with Latin Christianity.
clearly the antecedent of the patristic theolog The struggle to maintain the ideal and the
ical apprehension of fact. That this apprehen- failure of realization, thus producing the actual,
sion was warped and narrowed by the growth in connection with both the saints and ordinary
of doctrines and dogmas of salvation, is shown society, furnishes the basic motive for Books III.
in an interesting chapter on the Intellectual and IV. Monastic reforms, eremitism, the
Interests of the Latin Fathers,” who, however, spiritual love of St. Bernard and St. Francis,
in spite of their “intellectual obliquities and the mystic visions of ascetic women, illus-
developed “Catholic Christianity consisting in trate the saintly ideal; while the “ * spotted
the union of two complements, ecclesiastical actuality” of religious life is shown by the tes-
organization and the complete and consistent timony of mediæval invective and satire, by the
organism of doctrine,” which in their union astounding revelations of Archbishop Rigaud's
“were to prove unequalled in history for Register, and other evidences of failure to rise to
coherence and efficiency.” Next we have a the ideal. One of Mr. Taylor's greatest descrip-
description and interpretation of the “ Latin tive triumphs is the delightful chapter dealing
Transmitters of Antique and Patristic Thought," with the thirteenth-century world of the honest
such as the great transitional scholar Boethius, garrulous Franciscan friar Salimbene. Here
whom Mr. Taylor rather daringly characterizes the actual is seen in true perspective through
as “a professing Christian,” the longeval Cas the “uncloistered eye” of the naïve ecclesiastic.
siodorus with his “ Christian utilitarian view In regard to the ideal and actual in society, we
of knowledge,” the almost mediæval Gregory have feudalism and knighthood described and
the Great in whom cultural decadence and contrasted with romantic chivalry, courtly love,
barbarism meet and join, and, as a final type, and mystical aspirations; while the mediæval
Isidore, the princely scholar-bishop of Seville, woman is shown us in the person of Heloïse,
the encyclopædist of the Middle Ages whose and the critic of society in Walther von der
“Etymologiæ,” in twenty books, contains “ a Vogelweide, type of German nationalism and of
conglomerate of knowledge, secular and sacred, Teutonic opposition to what was Roman.
exactly suited to the coming centuries.” The The topic of Mediæval Symbolism is inter-
ology, grammar, and rhetoric were dominant estingly discussed in three chapters of Book V.,
over reason and science by the middle of the dealing with scriptural allegories, the interpre-
seventh century
tation of the visible world, as given by the inven-
In the remainder of the section devoted to tive Hugo of St. Victor, and the symbolism of
the groundwork, Mr. Taylor describes the na the cathedral, the mass, and the hymn or relig-
ture and effects of the barbaric disruption of the ious poem. A wealth of illustration is given to
empire : how the Celtic people of Gaul and Ire- round out a scholarly general treatment of a
land contributed a peculiar emotional romantic difficult subject.


1912.]
171
THE DIAL
The causes and
The next section is devoted to “ Latinity and
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Law," and shows the origin and development of
Latin culture along somewhat secular lines of
During the fiscal
year
ending June
effects of Greek 30, 1910, a total of somewhat over
prose and verse which approach the popular and
immigration.
vernacular. An additional chapter dealing with nationality passed through the immigrant ports of
thirty-nine thousand people of Greek
the mediæval appropriation of the Roman Law the United States. This body of newcomers com-
hardly does justice to the dynamic significance prised only between three and a half and four per
of the great legal revival of the twelfth and cent of our aggregate alien influx for the year.
thirteenth centuries.
None the less, by reason of the peculiar problems
The task of tracing the development of the
that have been created by the coming of the Greeks
mediæval mind and interpreting its produc- among us, not to mention the romantic interest
tions is brought to a most successful close in attaching always to the fortunes of the modern
Hellenes, the subject of the Greeks in America is
Book VII., dealing with the “ Ultimate Intel-
one which is distinctly worthy of careful attention.
lectual Interests of the Twelfth and Thirteenth
It is agreeable to record that in Dr. Henry Pratt
Centuries." Scholasticism is made clear in its
Fairchild's “Greek Immigration to the United
spirit, scope, and method, from its beginnings States” (Yale University Press) are brought
to its triumph in Thomas Aquinas. The great together in attractive form the results of a thor-
rationalist Roger Bacon is skilfully depicted, and oughly commendable study of this subject. In the
the keen-minded controversialists Duns Scotus writing of his book Dr. Fairchild has had the ad-
and Occam are given a chapter. Finally, in
vantage not merely of the most approved training
Dante, in whom “ the elements of mediaeval
in anthropology and social science, but also of first-
growth combine,” Mr. Taylor finds his type for
hand knowledge of the Greek people, including their
in both their old and their new home. If
the mediæval synthesis.
language,
the number of the Greeks is small, the impressions
“When the contents of patristic Christianity and
which they yield are the more definite and clear-
the surviving antique culture had been conceived anew,
and had been felt as well, and novel forms of senti-
cut, and it has been possible for Dr. Fairchild to
ment evolved, at last comes Dante to possess the whole,
compass his subject and to present a many-sided
to think it, feel it, visualize its sum, and make of it a
view of it in a measure which one might hardly
poem.”
hope to attain in dealing with the Italians, the
It is easier to appreciate than to criticize
Hungarians, the Jews, or any one of our larger
such a work as Mr. Taylor's on “The Mediæval
foreign groups. In the first portion of his volume
the author describes the conditions, causes, and
Mind.” The erudition, scholarship, and under-
sources of Greek emigration; in the second, the
standing of developmental forces, command
Greeks as they are in their American homes ; and
respect and admiration. Possibly the author in the third, the effects of immigration upon the
has brought to his task of interpretation too home land, upon the United States, and upon the
set ideas of exact influences and channels of immigrants themselves. The causes of Greek emi-
development. There will certainly be some who gration are shown to be almost exclusively economic,
will feel that the vernacular aspects of mediæval arising fundamentally from the lack of a diversifi-
culture have been slighted for the sake of the
cation of industry, and more immediately from the
Latin. Others will criticize the absence of a
agricultural depression of recent years, combined
certain institutional sense in relation to culture
with the cutting off of opportunity for employment
and civilization; and still others will feel that
in the adjacent countries of Roumania and Bulgaria.
Money-making, it is pointed out, is with the modern
there is too much of the biographical and
Greek a ruling passion. It is for the purpose
of
personal in the work. No writer can please
No writer can please making money that the Athenian or Tripolitan
everyone, but it may be safely prophesied that
comes to America, and it is from the same consider-
Mr. Taylor will lead many into new cultural ation that, at the sacrifice generally of more pleasant
paths. His work should be an incentive to living conditions, of the society of his kind, and
more vital study of the past, and should serve often even of health, he remains. The effects of an
to draw attention to the field of cultural history
American residence upon the average Greek the
so much neglected in our American universities.
author feels generally to be dubious. The most
Special courses in the history of European
unfavorable aspects of Greek life in the United
culture are now given at Columbia, Wisconsin, proportion of women (in 1910 only six per cent)
States, it is pointed out, arise from the insignificant
Illinois, Missouri, and possibly at one or two
among the immigrant arrivals, effectually precluding
other universities. They should be given in the benefits of family ties. Upon Greece itself the
all the larger institutions.
effects of emigration to America are declared to be
serious in the extreme. “It is no exaggeration to
NORMAN M. TRENHOLME.
say that if emigration keeps on at its present rate of


172
[March 1,
THE DIAL
An account
increase, as it promises to do, within twenty years
We live in a difficult world, and one
Greece will be completely drained of its natural and defence which, subdue its processes to our
working force, and the population will consist of a of Mysticism.
uses as we may, still sets us insoluble
few old men and a host of old women and middle problems which refuse to be banished even when
aged spinsters." The author's conclusion would their insolubility is most apparent. It is no wonder
seem to be that while it would be better all around that we are always seeking short-cuts, away from
for the Greek to remain in Greece, there is slender the jungle of the senses and the intellect, into the
likelihood of his doing so.
pure and calm reality which we imagine must be
somewhere and somehow available. Mysticism is
Incidents in
With a lack of literary thrift which
the philosophy of the short-cut to reality. Men and
the making of he himself acknowledges, Mr. Joseph
a sailor-author. Conrad has packed into his small
women in all ages have told of a realm of peace, entry
into which could only be obtained by the use of a
autobiographical volume, “A Personal Record”
kind of contemplative technique which had the effect
(Harper), enough incident and adventure to form
of freeing one from one's self and attaching one's
the ground-work of several novels. In an agreeably
soul to God. In “Mysticism: A Study in the Nature
hap-hazard fashion he recalls some of the more sig, and Development of Man's Spiritual Consciousness”
nificant events in his various wanderings on sea and
(Dutton), Miss Evelyn Underhill, already known on
land, and gives us glimpses meanwhile of his mental
both sides of the Atlantic as a novelist, has written
growth and of his gradual and rather late develop-
ment as an author. Not until he was thirty-six years
a remarkably detailed and documented study of this
activity — or rather passivity — of the human spirit.
old did this vagrant son of unhappy Poland write a
Herself a thorough believer in mysticism, she has
line for publication, and even then his first book,
“ Almayer's Folly," was four years in getting itself
traced reverently and sympathetically, and yet with
independent comment and explanation, the expe-
put upon paper. Surely there has been in bis case
riences of the soul which all the mystics agree in
no precipitate rushing into print under the spur of
thirst for fame. A pleasing picture of the boy Joseph, reporting as the fruits of their heavenly quests. As
a contribution to religious psychology made from an
who learned to read so early that he never could empirical standpoint, the book cannot be too highly
recall the process of learning, is given in his account
commended. Miss Underbill reports widely, fairly,
of his introduction, at the age of eight, to English and intelligently, and her bibliographies hint at a
literature. “Two Gentlemen of Verona,” in a manu-
vast amount of research work. As to mysticism's
script translation by his father, a scholar and a
validity, and Miss Underhill's philosophical defence
writer, ushered him into a new world where he seems
of it, one cannot speak in the same strain. By its
soon to have made himself at home. Turning the
own implications mysticism is aristocratic — fitted
rich pages of Mr. Conrad's book, in which he makes
neither to the endowment nor the vocation of the
a praiseworthy attempt to picture himself honestly
average man, — and it is reacti
very
and accurately to the reader's view, one might feel
fact
tempted to note a rather curious inconsistency of
that it is a contemplative appropriation of the static
and the established (if indeed it is not purely sub-
statement. In his preface he modestly disclaims
anything like inspiration, any compelling force that jective), and not the active creation of any new value.
This latter criticism of mysticism makes it all the
has made him write romances of the sea, adding that
more curious that Miss Underhill should appeal to
he has “a positive horror of losing even for one mov-
M. Henri Bergson, the great activistic philosopher,
ing moment that full possession of myself which is
for a confirmation of the mystic philosophy. His
the first condition of good service.” But in his open-
“vital urge” as a life principle is very far from the
ing chapter he writes: “I dare say I am compelled
“ Absolute” of which Miss Underhill habitually
– unconsciously compelled — now to write volume
after volume, as in past years I was compelled to go idealist, Eucken, in this connection, is more logical;
speaks. Her use of the philosophy of the German
to sea voyage after voyage. Leaves must follow upon
but Eucken, it must be remembered, is a moralist as
one another as leagues used to follow in the days
well as a mystic, and it is only fair to say that,
gone by, on and on to the appointed end, which,
with most modern philosophers, he lays more — and
being Truth itself, is One - one for all men and for
in fact more fundamental — stress upon activism, the
all occupations." So little does introspection help a
creation of new values, than he does upon mere
man really to know himself. One oddity of idiom
is likely to puzzle the reader of this anglicized Polish contemplation, however emotionally satisfying the
latter may be.
author : he has an unaccountable fondness for a par-
ticipial construction where the sense might better
As the title suggests, Dr. Hannis
require an infinitive. For example: “I failed in as Superman of Taylor's “Origin and Growth of the
being the second white man on record drowned at
the Constitution. American Constitution” (Houghton)
that interesting spot "; and again, “ Would it bore undertakes to carry out for the constitutional his-
you very much reading a MS. in a handwriting like tory of the United States the method of treatment
mine?” But the book is too interesting as a human which characterized the same author's "Origin and
document, partly by reason of its very blemishes, to Growth of the English Constitution.” A connection
make those blemishes count against it very heavily. I between the two works is established in a chapter
ary by the
..
Pelatiah Webster
-


1912.]
173
THE DIAL
i
it as
in the later publication on “ The Evolution of the Elba, Waterloo, and St. Helena. In all these cam-
Typical American State,” in which Dr. Taylor gives paigns no man was more persistently active than
a summary of the constitutional development of En the rugged septuagenarian Gebhard Leberecht von
gland as far as it bears on the origin of American Blücher, affectionately known to his men as “ Mar-
legal and political institutions. Succeeding chapters shal Vorwärts.” Very timely, then, is the appear-
treat of the federal state; the Constitutional Con ance of a new volume in the “Heroes of the Na-
vention of 1787; the first twelve amendments; tions” series (Putnam), dealing with Blücher, and
African slavery in its legal aspects; constitutional written by Mr. Ernest F. Henderson. The author's
growth from the time of John Marshall to the Civil special object is to raise Blücher's fame from a
War; the Civil War amendments; the constitutional secondary to a primary rank; to show that " instead
questions arising from the territorial acquisitions of of being merely the man who came to Wellington's
the United States; the problems of interstate com aid at Waterloo, he had a separate existence of his
merce; and, finally, “The Outcome of Our Growth.” own and performed other great deeds in the cause
Although open to criticism in some details, these that were equally deserving,” and “to establish him
chapters contain much that is interesting and valu in his rightful position as the peer
of Wellington
able. Unfortunately, in the earlier section of the in all that concerns the overthrow of Napoleon.”
book, and at intervals in the latter part, Dr. Taylor Against Wellington's Spanish campaigns he sets
has attempted to combine with a general account of forth Blücher as “the one progressive inspiring ele-
the constitutional history of the United States a very ment among
the leaders of the allies from 1813 on.
special task which properly belongs to a separate Blücher certainly shone with many
heroic qualities
work. The nature of this task is indicated by Dr. in the midst of the unheroic magnates who constantly
Taylor in the sub-title to his work, which describes thwarted his fierce and aggressive spirit. Yet he
“ an historical treatise in which the document was a fighter, not a master of strategy; allowing
ary evidence as to the making of the entirely new Gneisenau to plan for him movements which he
plan of federal government embodied in the existing eagerly executed-a proof, surely, of self-knowledge
Constitution of the United States is, for the first and good sense. His one overmastering passion was
time, set forth as a complete and consistent whole.” | hatred of Napoleon, and he was quite free from the
The meaning of this, the reader learns, is that obsession of fear created in his colleagues' hearts by
Pelatiah Webster, through his “ Dissertation on the the presence or approach of the arch-enemy. At
Political Union and Constitution of the Thirteen seventy-two, this stalwart veteran was never hap-
United States," published in Philadelphia in 1783, pier than when leading a charge or a forlorn hope;
was the “daring innovator,” the “great architect,” and was singularly indifferent to danger or hardship.
the “father of the Constitution,” from whom Madi It would seem that he regarded his life-work as done
son and Hamilton and Pinckney, and consequently when Napoleon was safely caged in St. Helena ;
the Federal Convention, derived all the essential though he lived four years longer, dying in 1819.
features of the Constitution of the United States. As there is no English life of Blücher or any English
It need hardly be said that the most careful students translation of his German biographies, Mr. Hender-
of this period of American history have not agreed son's work would appear to fill a real gap. The book
with Dr. Taylor's estimate of the importance of this
is written with considerable descriptive power, is
pamphlet of Webster's, or with the author's emphasis amply illustrated with portraits, maps, and plans,
upon his "unearthing” of it. But even if the argu and has an interesting appendix, containing extracts
ments of Dr. Taylor were to prevail, the inclusion from German Volksongs by Arndt, Körner, Rückert,
of these in a one-volume treatise upon the develop and others, which fired the Teutonic heart, and many
ment of our constitutional history would necessarily of which chanted the praises of “the old hoary hero
destroy the balance and proportion of the work. who stands forth as the one national figure of the
If the author were a beginner or of small reputation Liberation wars.”
this would be, perhaps, of little consequence; but in
the case of one whose career has been so long and
The study of Greek may be fading
Social conditions
so distinguished it must be regretted that so much
from American college class-rooms;
Commonwealth. but there is no falling off in the
labor has been expended on a work which, as a
whole, cannot be regarded as satisfactory.
books put forth about Greece. Scholars are found
and encouraged to write them; and some kind of
We are living in the centenary of reading public is obviously expected by both authors
A great German .
military hero. events which kept Europe in turmoil. and publishers. The line of demarcation seems
Napoleon's overwhelming prestige sharp-drawn between the study of the language and
was beginning to show signs of disintegration, though the study of the race and its products; though it is
his Russian disaster apparently taught him no mod difficult to see how any scholarly reference use can
eration. Austria was his football, Prussia his de be made of books dealing with Greek antiquities
spised tool; and it was not till 1813–14 that the without some reading knowledge of the language.
Germans “found themselves,” massed their forces However, to students, teachers, and philhellenes
with those of Russia and England and slowly forced generally, a delightful occupation is assured in the
the world-conqueror back, from Leipzig to Paris, perusal of Mr. Alfred E. Zimmern’s recent work on
in the Greek


174
[March 1,
THE DIAL
“The Greek Commonwealth” (Oxford: Clarendon of experience; the pervasiveness of personality;
Press). It is an admirable essay, of about 450 pages, the pragmatic criterion; the legitimacy of the non-
on the social and economic conditions in the Athens intellectual forms of apprehension; the reaction from
of the great golden fifth century B. C. Environment, traditional philosophical systems; the vitality of
natural influences, and inter-action of individual philosophy when brought to bear upon the issues of
and national character are subjected to a penetrat- life. The transformation of the thought is a matter
ing analysis, the results of which are set forth in of the rendering; bold pen-and-ink directness be-
an engaging and even fascinating manner. Mr.
comes a water-color delicacy of stroke, that reveals
Zimmern has caught the breezy and colloquial style identity of subject but feebly reflects the artist. It
of his much-admired friend, Professor Gilbert is James the philosopher rather than James the
Murray; and he commends his subject to the most psychologist that has appealed to foreign students ;
indifferent reader by a thousand modern touches, and the same preference of interest that brought
allusions, and comparisons with twentieth century him fame and recognition in France appears in the
conditions; as in the striking chapter on “Poverty," interpretation of his thought for the French mind.
where, showing that a great race could be poverty. The discrepancy is least apparent in the chapter on
stricken and yet highly civilized, he says:
James's pedagogy-itself an un-Jamesian rubric,-
“We forget that they were more innocent of most of which well sets forth the intellectual maturing that
these (material blessings and comforts] than the up-country to James was an essential variety of experience and
Greeks of to-day, or than most Englishmen were before the
Industrial Revolution. It is easy to think away railways
of profoundest influence upon the stamp of philoso-
and telegraphs and gasworks and tea and advertisements | phies. None the less is it pleasant to have available
and bananas. But we must peel off far more than this. in English a timely appreciation of one of the few
We must imagine houses without drains, beds without academicians to whom has been accorded the recog-
sheets or springs, rooms as cold, or as hot, as the open air,
nition for which American institutions provide so
meals that began and ended with pudding, and cities that
boasted neither gentry nor millionaires. We must learn inadequately. (Longmans.)
to tell the time without watches, to cross rivers without
bridges, and seas without a compass, to fasten our clothes
"No study of European Art in gen-
Arts and crafts
(or rather our two pieces of cloth) with two pins instead of of our Teutonic eral can be complete without taking
rows of buttons, to wear our shoes or sandals without stock forefathers.
into account [an] early manifesta-
ings, to warm ourselves over a pot of ashes, to judge open-
air plays or lawsuits on a cold winter's morning, to study
tion of the artistic spirit on the part of the race that
poetry without books, geography without maps, and politics
has made modern Europe,” – that is to say, the
without newspapers. In a word, we must learn how to be Germanic or Teutonic race. These words furnish
civilized without being comfortable. Or rather we must
ample apology for a series of lectures delivered in
learn to enjoy the society of people for whom comfort
meant something very different from motor-cars and arm-
the spring of 1910, by Dr. G. Baldwin Brown,
chairs, who, although or because they lived plainly and
Watson Gordon Professor of Fine Art in the Uni-
austerely and sat at the table of life without expecting versity of Edinburgh, now expanded into a volume
any dessert, saw more of the use and beauty and goodness of entitled “The Arts and Crafts of Our Teutonic Fore-
the few things which were vouchsafed them — their minds,
fathers” (McClurg). The author recognizes two
their bodies, and Nature outside and around them.”
The book is not all condensed epigram, as might great divisions in the general bistory of the Arts in
perhaps be inferred from the above extract; but the
western Europe in the period between the decline of
author has not failed to impart a piquant flavor to
classical art and the establishment in the eleventh
everything — statistics, constitutional developments, century of what is known as the Romanesque. The
and lists of magistrates; and he holds the reader's
hitherto more neglected of these divisions has to do
attention and interest to the
with the arts and crafts of the Teutons, a phase of
end.
very
æsthetic activity differing from that of the Mediter-
M. Emile Boutroux has undertaken
William James
ranean region in that it is essentially decorative
interpreted by to interpret William James to French rather than representative. It is to a very small
a Frenchman. students of philosophy. His study extent monumental, but largely applied to purposes
of the great American is at once an appreciation of personal use and adornment, - to "the apparatus
and a version of James's thought and personality. of useful or pleasing things with which men have
When brought back to the medium of the original, in all ages equipped their daily life.” The author
it impresses the English reader as peculiarly yet calls attention to the fact that a part of the exhibits
evasively foreign. The crisp and juicy phrases of in public museums with which students of archæology
James are lacking, the gait of the thought fitted to and historic ornament are familiar, such as “Tomb
an alien movement, and this despite the fact that Furniture," consists of things "originally concealed
James had an intimate knowledge and sympathy as treasure deposits by those who expected one day
with the Gallic procedure. M. Boutroux's essay
to recover them.” These furnish the most valuable
deserves to be judged for its service to French objects of study, because of their rarity, costliness,
readers. For them it doubtless supplies an approach and variety. They belong to the period of the
to the main features of James's philosophy, adapted Teutonic migrations, beginning with the Marcoman-
to their accustomed assimilation. The leading doc nic War in the region north of the Danube, about
trines are briefly presented: the persistent emphasis A. D. 170, and extending to the year 800, when the
of the active principle in thought; the concreteness Empire of Charlemagne became technically Roman.


1912.]
175
THE DIAL
Professor Brown's study of this rich material is graphically depicted the painful struggle of Montana
complete and scholarly, and is intended to exploit an and Idaho, fifty years ago, out of turbulent lawless-
original Northern art whose most characteristic ex ness into order and quiet. The writer was an active
pression consists of zoomorphic decoration, and the participant in this rude conflict, and what he has to
combination of animal motives with interlaced rib say about the vigilance committees of the period,
bons or straps, which in its later form is called Celtic. and about the desperate characters whom they were
He explains, however, that "originality in art does organized to bring to summary justice, commands
not necessarily depend upon invention, but on the ready attention and makes a narrative more interest-
extent to which the borrowed or inherited suggestion ing than fiction. Beginning with the notorious Henry
can be developed into some new and striking con Plummer and the rude state of society in Lewiston,
tribution to the artistic treasures of mankind." The Montana, where that adroit villain practised his ras-
book presents a new point of view in art history, calities and organized his company of cut-throats and
and introduces the reader to an entirely new field horse-thieves, the chronicle makes us acquainted with
of study. The only fault to be found with it is that numerous other adepts in crime, such as Cherokee
the half-tone illustrations are too small to present | Bob and Charley Harper and Boone Helm, and leads
the subjects adequately.
us through a half hundred chapters of breathless inci-
dent to the final establishment of that peace and
Not cathedrals or museums or pal-order which the author regards as most gratifying
Impressions
of European aces, not ruined castles or sublime
evidence of the effectiveness of the punitive meth-
travel.
scenery, not the places starred in
ods adopted. “Equal in degree,” he maintains in
the guide-books and conscientiously visited by the glowing language at the close of his book, “ to the
determined tourist, form the subject of the late Per sacrifices made by the brave soldiers of the war who
cival Pollard's “ Vagabond Journeys” (Neale), but saved our Republic, were the deeds of those who
rather the oddities aud whimsicalities of the people saved Montana from rapine and slaughter. Like
he has familiarly moved among in his lifelong roam them, the graves of the dead should be crowned with
ing from country to country. The subjective ele flowers, and the pathway of the living be brightened
ment, the impressions of the writer, will be found
with the rewards of a grateful people.” No reader
emphasized on every page, with little or nothing of
will regret that the writer yielded to the temptation
prosaic fact or mere objective detail. “The reader
facetiously referred to by him in this quotation from
need not be afraid,” considerately announces the Cervantes: “One of the chief temptations of the
author in his preface, “that either facts or dogmatic | Devil is that he can persuade a man that he can
infliction of opinion will be forced upon him. Here
write a book, by which he can achieve both wealth
are simply the impressions of one individual, a few and fame.” The volume is well illustrated, well
random excursions with a whimsical temper.” In printed, and has a useful index.
this spirit he favors us with some passing impres-
sions, curious indeed and sometimes surprising, of
The glitter and pomp of royal and
Florence, Munich, Paris, Berlin, London, and "a
of pomp and
imperial courts, the spectacle of
pageantry.
typical cure resort,” with a brief glimpse of Egypt.
haughty nobility doing homage to its
Among the countless snap-shots that his pages con-
sovereign, and all the attendant proud parade and
tain, here is one of the travelling American college solemn circumstance, have captivated the fancy of
professor: “Our friend, the professor, approaches
the
anonymous
writer of “Intimacies of Court and
the voyage with all the pomp and circumstance that Society” (Dodd), and her detailed account of diplo-
he is sure his position entitles him to. Is there a
matic life, as seen and participated in for many years
place in the dining-saloon more choice than another? by the wife of an American diplomat, will appeal to
He files his claim for it, waving close to the purser's
those numerous readers to whose view the distance
nose his scholarly credentials and his whiskers.” of European court life lends an unfailing enchant-
How far the portrait is lifelike the reader is at lib-
ment. Also there is the amusement of trying to fol-
erty to decide for himself. Berlin Mr. Pollard finds low the few personal clues given by this "widow of
to be at once “ more fierce" than Boston in the an American diplomat” to her proper identification.
pursuit of culture, and more determinedly dissolute Her narrative is mostly confined to the events of
than Paris in nocturnal amusements. His researches, her later “unofficial days,” as she calls them, when
it will be perceived, have a generous amplitude of
she felt greater freedom in ordering her ways and
range. For sprightliness and verve, and for variety choosing from among the invitations extended to
of vivid impressions, few books of travel can be her by the titled friends of earlier times. Thus the
named in the same breath with these astonishing
reader is introduced to the courts and the fashionable
“Vagabond Journeys."
society of the principal European capitals, and sees
in a near view and under new lights a number of
The lawlessness of frontier mining
Primitive justice
the mighty ones of the earth. By one monarch,
in early
life has never received a more vivid however, the writer failed to feel herself overawed
Montana.
presentation at the historian's hands or even impressed. The Czar of Russia, as seen at
than in Mr. Nathaniel Pitt Langford's “Vigilante his coronation, "produced in himself no illusion of
Days and Ways” (McClurg), wherein is most royalty such as may impress and thrill even the
Near views


176
[March 1,
THE DIAL
may not.'
:
most democratic when face to face with a king who the fair Quaker's oft-told tale. The book reveals a
is really kingly. His narrow forehead and receding diligent study of a wide range of authorities, many
chin, visible even behind the beard, spoke little of of them but remotely pertinent to the subject in hand,
intelligence and nothing of power ; while the insig- and an active exercise of sympathetic imagination.
nificance of his small form was emphasized beside But the writer acknowledges at the end : “I have
the tall men of his family, splendid-looking fellows, written her story for love of her, and hope someone
all over six feet.” The book is written in a rapid else will write her history, if I
Illustra-
and not unattractive style, even though without tions, appended notes, a bibliography, and an index
claim to any particular literary merit, and is well help to make the volume completely serviceable.
illustrated.
For a time at least, M. Maeterlinck
Socialism, like religion, has its ortho-
Another study
The modernist
of Maeterlinck.
bids fair to engage attention more
spirit in
doxies and its heresies. A few years
than any other Continental writer.
Socialism.
ago, Henri Bernstein came near to The magazine articles continue to multiply, and the
being read out of the German party on account of books are already perhaps too many. We might
the ideas expressed in his “Evolutionary Socialism," even have been spared “Maurice Maeterlinck: A
a criticism of some of the doctrines of Marx and a
Study” (Duffield), by Mr. Montrose J. Moses. For
plea for change in the party's practical programme. the most part it is journalistic writing : it is devoted
Mr. John Spargo's “Sidelights on Contemporary to casual and somewhat trivial comment rather
Socialism” (B. W. Huebsch), like the German work than to serious exposition and criticism. One may
mentioned, is an argument for modernism in social devour the book quickly — it is light reading—and
istic theory and practice. The book consists of three suffer no indigestion; and yet one is sure to long
parts, the first and last dealing with Karl Marx, and afresh for critical “studies” that really indicate
the other with the menace of " anti-intellectualism” reflection and intellectual force. The chief idea that
to the party. Mr. Spargo bears strongly upon the runs through the bo is that M. Maeterlinck has
human and poetical aspects of Marx's personality, undergone a desirable evolution and is still changing
and urges his fellow Socialists to regard him, not his point of view. This idea is elaborated by a
primarily as the author of "Das Kapital,” but as the
survey of his poems, plays, and essays, rather than
personal leader and far-seeing tactician. He admits
by a study of his life and temper. Of “The Blue
that
many
of the Marxian economic doctrines have
Bird,” his most conspicuous popular success, Mr.
been overthrown, and that others have been so per Moses writes sensibly: “I take it as a child's play
verted by the Socialists themselves that they now do with all the jumble of a child's wisdom.” Elsewhere
more harm than good to the movement. The chap- he makes various acute remarks, only to destroy the
ter on anti-intellectualism — the demand that all but
reader's confidence by misplacing French accents
actual proletarians should be excluded from the
and misspelling German words. The book contains
party - is as strong a denunciation of demagogism a useful bibliography.
as the most conservative could wish to read. If we
are "in for” Socialism, let us hope that the movement
will permit such men as Mr. Spargo to represent it.
BRIEFER MENTION.
The romance In “The Fair Quaker: Hannah “The Great Illusion,” Mr Norman Angell's remark-
and mystery of
Hannah
Lightfoot, and her Relations with able demonstration of the futility of war, has now been
Lightfoot. George III." (Appleton), Miss Mary
issued by the Putnams in a third and revised edition, in
L. Pendered has brought together about everything
which the author takes occasion to reply to some of his
critics.
knowable or conjecturable - especially the latter -
The English“Who's Who” for 1912(Macmillan), after
concerning one of the most famous as well as most
making jetsam of certain tables and other superfluous
attractive of royal mistresses. It is true, there is a
matters found in earlier editions, is still so swollen in
possibility that she was something more than a mis-
bulk that its thickness approximates to its two other
tress to the young prince with whom her name is dimensions. It now extends to 26 + 2364 + 52 pages.
associated. This question and many others puzzle the “A History of English Criticism," by Professor
student of the scanty records of her life, nor does her George Saintsbury, is a reprint in one volume, with cer-
present biographer undertake to answer them with any tain revisions and additions, of the English chapters of
degree of certainty. The fact of having seen two the author's great “ History of Criticism and Literary
or three letters written by her to her mother and a Taste in Europe." Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. are the
sampler worked by her at school” was mainly instru-
American publishers.
mental in causing this new account of Hannah Light-
Number twelve of volume nine of the “ University of
foot to be written. Unfortunately the owner of the
Illinois Bulletin " is devoted to an alphabetical enumera-
letters refuses to allow their publication or even to
tion of the three hundred or more sets (complete or
partial) of library reports and bulletins collected by the
permit the biographer a second reading of them ;
library school of the University. This collection, begun
therefore it is only a vague impression of their char-
with the establishment of the school in 1897, can boast
acter and contents that can now be contributed as
of contributions from every continent of the globe and
the new and first-hand element in this rehearsal of from some of the islands of the sea.


1912.]
177
THE DIAL
66
To the series of “ English Texts” for schools, pub-
lished by the Charles E. Merrill Co., there have been
NOTES.
added Irving's “Sketch Book,” edited by Dr. Charles A long and powerful poem by Mr. John Masefield,
A. Dawson; the “Odyssey," in Buckley's prose transla entitled “The Widow in the Bye Street,” is the princi-
tion (eight books omitted), edited by Mr. Edwin Fairley; pal feature of “The English Review” for February.
and the complete text of the first “Golden Treasury," Two novels soon to be issued by Messrs. William
edited by Mr. Allan Abbott.
Rickey & Co. are “Downward," by Maud Curton Braby,
An "author-index” to the bibliography of “ Periodi and “The House of Chance," by Gertie de S. Wentworth-
cal Articles on Religion, 1890–1899” having been asked James.
for by many persons, Mr. Ernest Cushing Richardson “ Modern Books of Power" is the title of a forthcom-
has now prepared such a work, the publication coming ing book of essays by Mr. George Hamilton Fitch, au-
to us from Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. The titles thor of “Comfort Found in Good Old Books." Messrs.
of the earlier work are redistributed in an alphabetical Paul Elder & Co. will publish this volume early in April.
author-arrangement. The result is a bulky octavo vol Mr. Charles Whibley, author of “ A Book of Scoun-
ume of nearly nine hundred pages.
drels,” “ Literary Portraits, etc., will publish shortly
Professor Edward Everett Hale's “ Dramatists of through Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. two new volumes
To-day,” a work for which THE DIAL was primarily of essays entitled “Studies in Frankness” and “The
responsible, has been revised up-to-date, and now ap Pageantry of Life.”
pears in a sixth edition from the press of Messrs. Henry Two new biographies of George Borrow are soon
Holt & Co. The seven men who have special chapters to appear in England. One of these, written by Mr.
are Messrs. Rostand, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Pinero, Herbert Jenkins, will be issued by the descendant of
Shaw, Phillips, and Maeterlinck. Portraits and bibli Borrow's original publisher, John Murray; the other is
ographies add much to the value of this work.
the work of Mr. Edward Thomas.
• Things Seen in Venice,” by Canon Ragg and Miss The hitherto unpublished novel by H. de Balzac, re-
Laura Ragg, is a recent addition to the series of chatty cently discovered in Paris, will be published at once by
little travel-books published by Messrs. E. P. Dut Messrs. Rand, McNally & Co. under the title, “ Love
ton & Co. Charmingly illustrated, with fifty clearly in a Mask.” The same publishers also announce "Lady
printed half-tones which fit the text, the volume gives Eleanor: Lawbreaker,” a novel by Mr. Robert Barr;
us a pleasantly familiar picture of the Queen of the Adri and “Betty Moore's Journal," by Mrs. Mabel D. Corry.
atic; the “points of chiefest interest” include interest The attention of historical students is directed to the
ing chapters on “ Fasts and Festivals” and “ Venice on fact that competition is open this year for the Justin
Foot." " A good index is provided, but no maps. Winsor prize of $200., awarded biennially for the best
Three recent additions to the series of “Columbia unpublished monograph based upon original and inde-
University Studies in English ” are of considerable im- pendent investigation in American history. Full details
portance. Dr. Earl L. Bradsher writes of Mathew Carey, of the competition may be obtained from Professor C. H.
the Pbiladelphia editor, author, and publisher, throwing Van Tyne, of the University of Michigan.
much light upon the literary and political history of the Harvard University announces the immediate pub-
nation during its earlier years; Dr. Allan F. Westcott lication of "A History of the British Post Office," by
writes a study of certain “New Poems of James I. of Professor J. C. Hemmeon of McGill University. In
England,” which he edits from a hitherto unpublished addition to an account of the development and present
manuscript; and Miss Mary Leland Hunt gives us a organization of the postal department of Great Britain,
monograph upon the life and works of Thomas Dekker. the book includes a discussion of the parcels post, the
“Tous les Chefs-d'Euvres de la Littérature Française" telegraph and telephone system, and similar subjects.
is the ambitious title given to a new series of French “The People's Books,” a sixpenny series of original
reprints, of which Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons are the contributions by authoritative writers on science, phil-
American agents. The volumes now_sent us include osophy, history, economics, and literature, is announced
“La Chanson de Roland” (in modern French), Jacques by Messrs. Jack of London. “Shakespeare," by Pro-
Amyot's « Deux Vies Parallèles” (Alexander and fessor C. H. Herford; “Dante," by Mr. A. G. Fe rs
Cæsar), “ Philosophie," a volume of extracts from Vol Howell; “ Heredity,” by Mr. J. A. S. Watson; “ Berg-
taire, and the first volume of the works of Rabelais. son and the Philosophy of Change,” by Mr. H. Wildon
The print of these books is too small to be easily legible, Carr; and “ Ethics,” by Canon Hastings Rashdall, will
but otherwise they are to be commended as a sort of be among the early volumes.
French “ Everyman's Library."
The preparation of the late Henry Labouchere's
“Readings in American History” is the title given biography, a book that ought to contain much highly
to two small source-booklets, edited by Mr. Edgar W. entertaining reading, has been assigned by his executors
Ames, and published by the Charles E. Merrill Co. to Mn Labouchere's nephew, Mr. Algar Thorold, who
They differ from most books of this kind by being requests that any letters likely to be of service in writ-
made
up of selections of considerable length. Thus, the ing the life be sent to T. Hart-Davies, Esq., care of
first volume includes only four extracts: John Smith's “ Truth," Carteret Street, Westminster, London. All
“True Relation,” Juet's account of the discovery of the papers sent in will be properly cared for, and will be
Hudson, Bradford's " Plimouth Plantation," and Gov returned in due course if desired.
ernor Hutchinson on “The Destruction of the Tea.” A Centenary Edition of Robert Browning's works, in
In the second volume we find the Monroe Doctrine, ten volumes, printed in large type on fine paper, is an-
Lincoln's most famous writings, Seward's Speech on nounced by Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co. A series of
Alaska, and the autobiography of Peter Cooper. These bibliographical and explanatory prefaces will be supplied
are capital little books, and may be warmly commended by Dr. Frederick G. Kenyon, C.B., Principal Librarian
to teachers of American history.
of the British Museum. The edition will be limited to


178
[March 1,
THE DIAL
.
.
seven hundred and fifty sets. Each volume will have as
a frontispiece a portrait of Robert Browning reproduced
in photogravure, several of the portraits appearing for the
first time. It is expected that Volumes 1 and 2 will be
ready in May, the subsequent volumes following at short
intervals so as to be completed in the Centenary year.
Those interested in the establishment of public libra-
ries and compelled, as is commonly the case, to figure
pretty closely the various items of expense, will find
valuable information and suggestions in “A Normal
Library Budget and its Units of Expense,” a paper read
at a recent meeting of Pennsylvania librarians by Mr.
O. R. Howard Thomson, of the James V. Brown Library
at Williamsport. The paper is printed in the current
issue of “ Pennsylvania Library Notes."
Some time ago a biography of Jane Austen by Canon
Beeching was announced to appear in Messrs. Mac-
millan's “ English Men of Letters” series. Canon
Beeching has been obliged to abandon the volume, and
it bas now been entrusted to Dr. Warre Cornish, the
Vice-Provost of Eton, author of a volume of “ Essays
on Poets and Poetry.” Up to the present the only
women who have been given a place in the “ English
Men of Letters” series are George Eliot, Fanny Burney,
and Maria Edgeworth, though a biography of Mrs. Gas-
kell, by Mr. Clement Shorter, has been announced. Miss
Emily Lawless is the only woman who has contributed
a volume that on Maria Edgeworth — to the series.
The Jersey City Public Library, one of the compara-
tively few public libraries which make a practice of pub-
lishing from time to time monographs of more than local
or ephemeral interest, has contributed to the Dickens
centennial literature, already rather abundant, a pam-
phlet on the life and writings of that novelist. The sig-
nificant facts of his biography are briefly stated, and a
chronological and descriptive list of his works is added.
From the Brooklyn Public Library there comes a handy
“ List of Books and of References to Periodicals in the
Brooklyn Public Library” — on the subject of Charles
Dickens. It is uniform in style and excellence with simi-
lar bibliographies already issued by that library.
In connection with the Dickens Centenary, Messrs.
Houghton Mifflin Co. are preparing to bring out next
month, in their series of limited Riverside Press Editions,
« Charles Dickens: His Life and Works,” by the dis-
tinguished American writer and critic, Edward Percy
Whipple. Forty years ago Mr. Whipple prepared a
series of Introductions for a notable edition of the novel-
ist's works. These Introductions have hitherto been
held strictly as an integral part of that and of a succeed-
ing edition; but now, in order that they may be more
fully appreciated, they have been collected in two vol-
umes, to be issued with an autobiographical and appre-
ciative introduction on Whipple by Mr. Arlo Bates.
The Bromley lecturer at Yale University this year
will be Mr. A. Maurice Low, author of “The American
People.” The Bromley lectureship was endowed in
1900 by Mrs. Isaac H. Bromley as a memorial to her
husband, a member of the class of 1853, and for many
years prominently connected with the New York “Trib-
une.” The endowment provides a fund for lectures on
journalism, literature, or public affairs. Among others
who have lectured in the course have been Mr. White-
law Reid, ambassador to Great Britain, and Colonel
Harvey, editor of « Harper's Weekly.” Mr. Low, it is
believed, is the first Englishman who has been selected
by the University trustees to deliver these lectures.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
March, 1912.
Alaska, Transportationin. Carrington Weems. World To-Day.
Aldrich Report, The. Albert S. Bolles. North American.
Armorer, The, and his Art. Bashford Dean Scribner.
Army, Unshackling the. Owen Wilson World's Work.
Automobile in Africa, The. Sir Henry Norman. Scribner.
Banker, Every Man His Own. Isaac L. Rice Forum.
Banking - The Next Reform. G. E. Roberts. Everybody's.
Bench, Big Business and the. C. P. Connolly. Everybody's.
Box-Office Man, The. W. Dayton Wegefarth. Lippincott.
Boys' School in Utopia, A. A Utopian
Atlantic.
Burns, W.J., Achievements of. H. J. O'Higgins McClure.
Child, The Misfit. Mary Flexner
World's Work.
Chinese Children, Training of. Harriet Monroe. Century.
Christina of Denmark, Duchess of Milan. Julia
Cartwright
Century.
Citizen of the Old School, To a. S. M. Crothers. Atlantic.
College Campus, The. Clayton S. Cooper
Century.
Confederacy, Sunset of the - 1. Morris Schaff Atlantic.
Coropuna, The Ascent of. Hiram Bingham Harper.
Corporation, The Soul of a. W. G. McAdoo. World's Work.
Corporation Inquiry, Senator Cummins and the. Rev. of Revs.
Cox, George B., Rise and Rule of. G. K. Turner. McClure.
Democracy, A.- What It Would Be Like.
R.S. Childs
Everybody's.
Democracy, Anglo-Saxon, Prospects of. L. T.
Hobhouse
Atlantic.
Dickens, Charles. Arthur C. Benson North American.
Dot-and-Dash Alphabet: Morse's Invention.
E. L. Morse
Century.
East and West. Charles Johnston
Atlantic.
Eugenics: A New Science. Albert J. Nock American.
Exploration, Future of. Sir Ernest Shackleton. No. Amer.
Fairy Touch, The. Clarence Stone
Atlantic.
Famine, The Unspectacular. William T. Ellis Forum,
Farmer, The Stubborn. Peter McArthur
Forum.
Fels, Joseph. Arthur H. Gleason
World's Work.
Fels, Joseph: His Own Story
World's Work.
France, Depopulation in. Walter E. Weyl. No. American.
Fur Seals and their Enemies. David Starr Jordan
and George A. Clark
Review of Reviews.
Government Economy and Efficiency. C. B.
Brewer
North American.
Greenhow, Mrs.: Confederate Spy. W. G. Beymer. Harper.
Harlan, Justice, A Tribute to. Edward D. White. No. Amer.
Home Rule. W. T. Stead .
Review of Reviews.
Home Rule: England's Greatest Crisis. Premier Asquith,
David Lloyd-George, John Redmond, Cardinal Far-
ley, Sir Edward Grey, and others World To-Day.
Home Rule, On the Eve of. Edward Porrit. No. American.
“Illusion, The Great." Admiral A. T. Mahan. No. Amer.
Jameson Raid, The. John Hays Hammond and
Leopold Grahame
World To-Day.
Jefferson, Joseph, Stage Wisdom of. Mary Shaw. Century.
La Follette's Autobiography-VI., My First Term
as Governor
American.
Land-Tenure, Third Dimension in. D. Parkinson. Atlantic.
Lion, My First. Stewart E. White .
American.
Lumber Trust, The. Charles E. Russell . World To-Day.
Mechanics, Popular. Warren H. Miller . . World's Work.
Middle West, Reassertion of Democracy in. E. A. Ross. Cent.
Mint Apathy, A Dangerous. James S. H. Umsted Forum.
Morse, Samuel F. B., the Painter. E. L. Morse . Scribner.
Moving-Picture Show, The, and the Living
Drama. Robert Grau
Review of Reviews.
Nanking, What I Saw at. James B. Webster. World's Work.
National Waste, Our-I. Frank Koester World's Work.
Ohio Constitutional Convention. H. W. Elson. Rev. of Revs.
Persian Question, Significance of. R. G. Usher Atlantic.
Poetesses, Three Forgotten. Warwick J. Price Forum.
Poincaré and France's New Ministry. O. Guerlac. Rev. of Revs.
“Prisoners of War," Our. 0. K. Davis. North American.
Punishment-Does It Fit the Crime ? J. Leavitt. American.
.
.
.


1912.]
179
THE DIAL
.
.
.
.
.
Public Obligations – Municipal Bonds Preferred.
Edward S. Meade
Lippincott.
Railroad Dynasty, Great, Passing of a. Burton J.
Hendrick
McClure.
Religion, The Persistence of. George Hodges Atlantic.
Reputation and Popularity. Brian Hooker. North American.
Roosevelt, Why I am For. John F. Fort World's Work.
Russian Police Ambuscades. George Kennan Century.
Samplers. Alice Morse Earle .
Century.
Sea, Lottery of the. James B. Connolly
Harper.
Seventh Sense in Man and Animals. E. A. Ayers Harper.
Shakespeare as an Actor. Brander Matthews. No. American.
Ships for Americans. John L. Mathews Everybody's.
Slums, A Kingdom in the. Mary Antin
Atlantic.
Social Control. Jane Addams
McClure.
Socialism, The Growth of. Thomas Seltzer. Rev. of Revs.
South Pole, The Race for the. Fridtjof Nansen Scribner.
State, Cleaning up a. Henry Oyen
World's Work.
Steamboat Days, Early. Stanley M. Arthurs Scribner.
Strikes, A Preventative of. Louis Graves. Rev. of Reviews.
Strindberg, August: His Achievement. Edwin
Bjorkman
Forum.
Tesla Turbine, The. Frank P. Stockbridge. World's Work.
Tobacco, The Injury of. Charles B. Towns Century.
Trust Question, The. Judge P.S. Grosscup. No. American.
Turco-Italian War, The “Great Game" Back
of the. William T. Ellis .
Lippincott.
Twain, Mark – V. Albert Bigelow Payne Harper.
Underground "Safety First.” Arthur W. Page. World's Work.
Underwood, Oscar W., An Interview with. World's Work.
Underwood, Chairman. Willis J. Abbott World's Work.
Unrest, The Great. Marie Corelli
World To-Day.
“Welfare Institution” on a Novel Plan. Review of Reviews.
Wildcat Trail, The. Richard Rice, Jr.
Atlantic.
Wilson, Woodrow - VI. William B. Hale World's Work.
Woman. Business of Being a. Ida M. Tarbell. American.
Woman's Work, Pathology of. Anna G. Spencer. Forum.
World's Peace and the Panama-Pacific Exposition.
· Nicholas Murray Butler
Review of Reviews.
Yosemite, Three Adventures in the. John Muir. Century.
.
.
.
.
Old English Libraries: The Making, Collection, and
Use of Books during the Middle Ages. By Ernest
A. Savage. Illustrated, 8vo, 298 pages. A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co. $2.50 net.
The Greek Romances in Elizabethan Prose Fiction.
By Samuel Lee Wolff. 12mo, 529 pages. “Studies
in Comparative Literature." Columbia Univers-
ity Press. $2. net.
Robert Herrick. Par Floris Dellattre. Illustrated,
8vo, 569 pages. Paris: Libraire Felix Alcan. Paper.
English Fairy Poetry, from the Origins to the Sey-
enteenth century. By Floris Delattre. Illustrated,
12mo, 235 pages. Oxford University Press. Paper.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Works of Henrik Ibsen. Viking Edition. Edited,
with Introductions, by William Archer. Volumes
IX. to XII., completing the set. With photograv-
ure frontispieces, 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons.
(Sold only in sets by subscription.)
The Divine Commedia of Dante Alighieri. Trans-
lated by Sir Samuel Walker Griffith. 12mo, 531
pages. Oxford University Press.
The Complete Nonsense Book, By Edward Lear;
edited by Lady Strachey; with introduction by
the Earl of Cromer. Illustrated, 4to, 430 pages.
Duffeld & Co. $2.50 net.
Les Femmes Savantes (The Learned Ladies). By
Moliere. Translated by Curtis Hidden Page. 12mo,
111 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net.
Shakespeare's Henry the Eighth. Edited by Charles
G. Dunlap. With photogravure frontispiece, 18mo,
187 pages. "The Tudor Shakespeare." Macmillan
Co. 35 cts. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Yankee Fantasies. By Percy Mackaye. 12mo, 169
pages. Duffield & Co. $1.25 net.
Plays of Protest. By Upton Sinclair. 12mo, 226
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50 net.
Maya: A Drama. By William Dudley Foulke. 12mo, 70
pages. New York: Cosmopolitan Press. $1.25 net.
The Living Corpse: A Drama, Translated from the
Russian of Leo N. Tolstoi by Mrs. G. M. Evarts.
12mo, 125 pages. Brown Brothers. $1. net.
Sunlight and Starlight By Henry G. Kost. 12mo,
128 pages.
Richard G. Badger. $1.50.
The Poems of Ida Ahlborn Weeks. With frontis-
piece, 8vo, 136 pages. Newton, Iowa: L. T.
Weeks. $1.25.
The Poems of Leroy Titus Weeks. With frontis-
piece, Svo, 168 pages. Newton, Iowa: L. T.
Weeks. $1.25.
Dreams of Yesterday. By Henry E. Harman, Illus-
trated, 8vo, 110 pages. Columbia, S. C.: The
State Company. $1.50 net,
Arcana Cordis: Sonnets. By Conrad M. R. Bona-
cina. 35 pages. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. Pa-
per.
Vagrant Verses. By Modeste Hannis Jordan. 12mo,
69 pages. New York: Cosmopolitan Press. $1, net.
The Light of the Gods. By Grace Granger. 12mo, 16
pages. New York: Cosmopolitan Press. $1.
Hands Across the Equator. By Alfred Ernest Keet.
22 pages.
New York: Published by the author.
Paper.
FICTION.
In Desert and Wilderness. By Henryk Sienkiewicz;
translated from the Polish by Max A. Drezmal.
With portrait, 12mo, 452 pages. Little, Brown &
Co. $1.25 net.
The Heart of Life. Translated from the French of
Pierre de Coulevain by Alys Hallard. 12mo, 401
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25 net.
The Heart of Us. By T. R. Sullivan. 12mo, 334
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Mountain Girl. By Payne Erskine. Illustrated,
12mo, 312 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.25 net.
The Position of Peggy. By Leonard Merrick, 12mo,
309 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.20 net.
From the Car Behind. By Eleanor M. Ingram. Illus-
trated in color by James Montgomery Flagg;
12mo, 306 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25 net.
To M, L, G.; or, He Who Passed. 12mo, 338 pages.
Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.25 net.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 95 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Men and Things of My Time. By the Marquis de
Castellane. Translated by Alexander Teixeira de
Mattos. With portraits, 8vo, 197 pages. A. C.
McClurg & Co. $1.75 net.
The House of Harper: A Century of Publishing in
Franklin Square. By J. Henry Harper. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 690 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$3. net.
HISTORY.
Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jer-
sey, and Delaware: 1630-1707. Edited by Albert
Cook Myers. With maps and a facsimile, 8vo,
476 pages. "Original Narratives of Early Amer-
ican History." Charles 'Scribner's Sons. $3. net.
The Last Cruise of the Saginaw. By George H.
Read. Illustrated, 12mo, 128 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1. net.
A Hundred Years of History, from Record and
Chronicle, 1216-1327. By Hilda Johnstone. 12mo,
292 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.60 net.
Proceedings of the Lexington Historical Society.
Vol. IV., illustrated, 8vo, 191 pages. Lexington,
Mass.: Published by the Society.
GENERAL LITERATURE,
Letters of Bulwer-Lytton to Macready. With an In-
troduction by Brander Matthews. 8vo, 181 pages.
Newark, N. J.: Carteret Book Club. Privately
printed.
Harvard Essays on Classical Subjects. Edited by
Herbert Weir Smyth. Illustrated, 8vo, 295 pages.
Houghton Miffin Co. $2.25 net.


180
[March 1,
THE DIAL
The Relentless Current. By M. E. Charlesworth.
12mo, 324 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Woman from Wolverton: A Story of Washington
Life. By Isabel Gordon Curtis. 12mo, 342 pages.
Century Co. $1.25 net.
A Painter of Souls. By David Lisle. 12mo, 301 pages.
Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.25 net.
The Sable Lorcha. By Horace Hazeltine. Illustrated,
8vo, 388 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.35 net.
Greyfriars Bobby. By Eleanor Atkinson. 12mo, 292
pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.20 net.
The Toll Bar. By J. E. Buckrose. 12mo, 363 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.35 net.
Pollyooly: A Romance of Long-Felt Wants and the
Red-Haired Girl Who Filled Them. By Edgar Jep-
son. Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pages. Bobbs-Merrill
Co. $1.25 net.
The Fighting Doctor. By Helen Reimensnyder Mar-
tin. 12mo, 242 pages. Century Co. $1. net.
The Mystery of Mary. By Grace Livingston Hill
Lutz. With frontispiece, 12mo, 203 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1, net.
Cap'n Joe's Sister. By Alice Louise Lee. With fron-
tispiece in color. 12mo, 251 pages. Frederick A.
Stokes Co. $1. net.
Sister Carrie. By Theodore Dreiser. New edition;
12mo, 557 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.35 net.
Elliott Gray, Jr.: A Chronicle of School Life. By Col-
ton Maynard. 12mo, 226 pages. Fleming H. Revell
Co. $1. net.
He That Is Without Sin. By Ivan Trepoff. 12mo, 355
pages. New York: Cosmopolitan Press. $1.50.
Dorothy Day. By William Dudley Foulke. 12mo, 297
pages. New York: Cosmopolitan Press. $1.25 net.
The Weed by the Wall. By Kate Slaughter MC-
Kinney. 12mo, 175 pages. Richard G. Badger,
$1.25 net.
The Studio Baby, and Some Other Children. By Mo-
deste Hannis Jordan, Illustrated, 12mo, 171 pages.
New York: Cosmopolitan Press. $1.25 net.
The Prophet of Florence. By Mary Putnam Denny.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 104 pages. Richard G.
Badger. $1. net.
The Confessions and Letters of Terrence Qniun Mc-
Manus. By Myles G. Hyde. 12mo, 189 pages.
Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
The Seven Sons of Ballyhack. By Thomas Sawyer
Spivey. With frontispiece, 12mo, 317 pages. New
York: Cosmopolitan Press. $1.
The Story of Sam Tag: Age from Ten to Fifteen. By
S. J, Kennerly. 12mo, 184 pages. New York: Cos-
mopolitan Press. $1.
Sidney: A Love Story of the Old South. By Modeste
Hannis Jordan. With frontispiece in color, 12mo,
123 pages. New York: Cosmopolitan Press. $1. net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
The New Democracy: An Essay on Certain Political
and Economic Tendencies in the United States.
By Walter E. Weyl. · 12mo, 370 pages. Macmillan
Co. $2. net.
Democratic England. By Percy Alden, M. P.; with In-
troduction by Charles G. F. Masterman. 12mo,
282 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Anerican-Japanese Relations: An Inside View of Ja-
pan's Policies and Purposes. By Kiyoshi K. Ka-
wakami. 8vo, 370 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co.
$2. net.
Syndicalism and Labour: Notes upon Some Aspects of
Social and Industrial Questions of the Day. By
Sir Arthur Clay. Second edition; 12mo, 230 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.25 net.
The Cult of Incompetence. By Emile Faguet; trans-
lated from the French by Beatrice Barstow; with
Introduction by Thomas Mackay. 12mo, 236 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
Recent Administration in Virginia. By F. A. Ma-
gruder. 8vo, 204 pages. “John Hopkins Studies."
Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
ART AND MUSIC.
The Ideals of Indian Art. By E. B. Havell. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 188 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$5. net.
Appreciation of Art. By Blanche G. Loveridge. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 256 pages. Granville,
Ohio: Privately printed.
Sound and Its Relation to Music. By Clarence G.
Hamilton. 12mo, 150 pages. "The Music Student's
Library." Oliver Ditson Co. $1.25 net.
BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
A Practical Course in Botany, with Especial Refer-
ence to its Bearings on Agriculture, Economics,
and Sanitation. By E. F. Andrews; with edito-
rial revision by Francis E. Lloyd. 12mo, 374
pages. American Book Co. $1.25.
The Leading Facts of English History. By David H.
Montgomery. New revised edition; illustrated,
12mo, 531 pages. Ginn & Co. $1.20 net.
High School Geography: Parts I. and II., Physical
and Economic, By Charles R. Dryer. Illustrated,
8yo, 340 pages. American Book Co. $1.20 net.
Complete Business Arithmetic. By George H. Van
Tuyl, 12mo, 416 pages. American Book Co. $1. net.
Plane Geometry. By C. A. Hart and Daniel D. Feld-
man; with the Editorial Co-operation of J. H.
Tanner and Virgil Snyder. 12mo, 303 pages.
American Book Co. 80 cts.
Spanish Ballads. Edited by S. Griswold Morley.
12mo, 226 pages. Henry Holt & Co. 75 cts. net.
Constructive Carpentry. By Charles A. King. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 188 pages. American Book Co.
70 cts, net.
Heroes and Greathearts, and their Animal Friends.
By John T. Dale. Illustrated, 12mo, 240 pages.
D. C. Heath & Co. 60 cts.
Consuelo. Por Adelardo López de Ayala; edited by
Aurelio M. Espinosa, 12mo, 212 pages. Henry
Holt & Co. 60 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Saddle and Camp in the Rockies: An Expert's Pic-
ture of Game Conditions in the Heart of our
Hunting Country. By Dillon Wallace. Illustrated
from photographs, 12mo, 302 pages. Outing Pub-
lishing Co. $1.75 net.
A Negro Explorer at the North Pole. By Matthew A.
Henson; with Foreword by Robert E. Peary, and
Introduction by Booker T. Washington. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 200 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co.
$1. net.
Among the Esquimos of Labrador. By S. K. Hutton.
Illustrated, 8vo, 344 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$3.50 net.
The Tailed Head-Hunters of Nigeria. By Major A.
J. N. Tremearne. Illustrated, 8vo, 342 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $3.50 net.
In the Heart of the Vosges, and Other Sketches by a
"Devious Traveller." By Miss Betham-Edwards.
Illustrated, 8vo, 327 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
$2.50 net.
Through Timbuetoo and across the Great Sahara. By
A. H. W. Haywood. Illustrated, 8vo, 350 pages. J.
B. Lippincott Co. $3.50 net.
My Adventures among South Sea Cannibals. By
Douglas Rannie. Illustrated, 8vo, 314 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $3.50 net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Railway Conquest of the World. By Frederick
A. Talbot. Illustrated, svo, 334 pages. J. B. Lip-
pincott Co. $1.50 net.
Free Will and Human Responsibility: A Philosoph-
ical Argument. By Herman Harrell Horne. 12mo,
197 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
A Mannal of Heraldry. By Gale Pedrick. Illustrated,
12mo, 291 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.75 net.
Home Hygiene and Prevention of Disease. By Nor-
man E. Ditman. 12mo, 333 pages. Duffield & Co.
$1.50 net.
The Rational Memory. By W. H. Groves. Second edi-
tion; 172 pages. New York: Cosmopolitan Press.
$1.35 net.
Outing Handbooks. New volumes: The Airedale,
by Williams Haynes; The Horse; his Breeding,
Care, and Use, by David Buffum. Each 12mo.
New York: Outing Publishing Co. Per volume,
70 cts. net.


1912.]
181
THE DIAL
1
OLD NEW YORK
Abbreviations and Technical Terms, Used in Book
Catalogues and in Bibliographies. By Frank Keller
Walter. 8vo, 178 pages. Boston Book Co. $1.35 net.
Hand Forging, and Wrought Iron Ornamental Work.
By Thomas F. Googerty. Illustrated, 12mo, 197
pages. Chicago: Popular Mechanics Co. $1.
Are There Equinoctial Storms? Development of the
Marine Barometer in American Waters. By
John M. Morrison. 16mo, 30 pages. New York:
Wm. F. Sametz & Co. 60 cts.
The Kingdom of Dust. By J. Gordon Ogden. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 116 pages. Chicago: Popular Me-
chanics Co. 50 cts.
Essays on Christ Jesus, with Excerpts from Different
Writers. By Bartow A. Ulrich. 12mo, 80 pages.
Chicago: Published by the Author. 50 cts. net.
Simple Italian Cookery. By Antonia Isola. 16mo, 68
pages. Harper & Brothers. 50 cts. net.
A Valentine for the Lonely. By William W. Hicks.
With frontispiece, 16mo, 59 pages. Boston: Oc-
cult and Modern Thought Book Center.
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[March 1, 1912.
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Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office
at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
No. 618.
MARCH 16, 1912.
Vol. LII.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
THE MAGAZINE GIRL. Charles Leonard Moore
215
CASUAL COMMENT
. 217
All-the-year-round publishing. - Mr. Howells's sev-
enty-fifth birthday. – A legislative reference depart-
ment of the Library of Congress.-An unwritten
chapter in Hawthorne's life. - The English protest
against pernicious literature.— The library report as
literature. - Gold bricks of the book trade. - One
view of literary art.-A state-wide spelling match. —
The maintenance of the New York public library.-
Preparations for the Browning centenary.—The free
advertisement of adverse censorship. - The Van
Buren papers.
COMMUNICATIONS
220
Francisco Ferrer and the Catholics. Roy Temple
House.
St. Anthony's Sermon to the Fishes. G. A. T.
Kentucky Folk Songs. Albert H. Tolman.
A POET AND HIS CIRCLE. Percy F. Bicknell. . 221
ECONOMICS MADE INTELLIGIBLE. Alvin S.
Johnson
223
THE DOMAIN OF PSYCHOLOGY. Joseph Jastrow 226
RECENT ENGLISH CRITICISM OF POETRY.
Norman Foerster
228
SOME NEW STUDIES OF NAPOLEON. Henry E.
Bourne . .
230
Fournier's Napoleon I.-Hassall's Life of Napoleon.
— Masson's Napoleon and his Coronation. — Espital-
ier's Napoleon and King Murat. - Low's With Na-
poleon at Waterloo.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . .
232
Thesurgeon and his place in modern society.-Memo-
ries and musings of an Irish author.- A great archi-
tectural etcher.- Memories of the Civil War.-The
earlier history of California. - A pragmatic outlook.
- Fallacies of the democratic ideal. - The life-story
of a wizard of finance. - A wreck and a rescue in the
Pacific. - A neglected literary type.
BRIEFER MENTION .
235
THE MAGAZINE GIRL.
This is the literary era of the wax doll with the
brick-dust complexion. She stares at us from
every news-stand. No self-respecting magazine
ventures to issue forth without her picture on its
cover. Head or bust or full length; walking, golf-
ing, motoring; rampant, couchant, or regardant,
she is the heraldic emblem under which the
cohorts of periodicals charge to victory.
Eighty or a hundred years ago there was a
somewhat similar putting-forth of feminine
charms in the “Books of Beauty,” “ Annuals,”
and “Keepsakes” of that period. Elegance
was the note then, as prettiness is now. The
duchesses were elegant in their boudoirs; the
heroines of the poets were elegant against their
backgrounds of storm or sunshine; the wives of
brigands were elegant in their mountain caves;
even the bare-legged peasant women tending
their flocks, or reaping a ten-acre field with a
twelve-inch sickle, were prevailingly elegant.
We confess that we have a weakness both
for the older female (one would not dare to call
her woman of the Annuals," and the newer
Girl of the Magazines. Of course both are dolls,
and of the latter it may be said that the paint
on her face has sunken in and circulates in her
veins. If she were stabbed with one of her own
hat-pins she would hardly exude a drop of real
blood. But she is pretty ; and her vogue tes-
tifies to the undying ideality of the race, its
craving for beauty and romance— “the desire
of the moth for the star," and so forth.
That is it! For thirty years we have been
wandering in the desert of realism. Our novel-
ists have swathed us in sand, and burned us
with pitiless light. We have starved and been
athirst; we have panted for the shadow of a
great rock or the softening veil of trees or mist.
Now and then we have stumbled into an oasis,
and we bave fortunately been fed with manna
from abroad. Oh, the horror of the retro-
spect! — the gaunt sordid spectacle of life on
New England or Pennsylvania farms or on the
prairies of the West; the descent into the In-
ferno of New York slums; the ever-recurring
visions of middle-class life in factory and shop
and mansion. It has been an orgy of the ordi-
nary, a delirium of dulness, an apotheosis of
the commonplace.
So we do well to welcome the Magazine Girl,
NOTES ..
237
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS
238
A classified list of books to be issued by American
publishers during the Spring and Summer of 1912.


216
[March 16,
THE DIAL
with all the literary output which she repre- and the superincumbent sky and the procession
sents. She does not work; she is the creature of life between them. Nay, this book which
of the leisure and opportunity and affluence can be read in a few hours pretends to give the
which most of us covet. And Solomon was cer life history of some score or two of human be-
tainly not arrayed like her. Give her time and ings, from their cradles to their graves.
Obvi-
she will develop into a genuine heroine. Her ously we are a far way from reality, — much
eyes will deepen with other emotions than desire further off than in painting or sculpture, which
for an automobile ride or a dinner at Sherry's. do give some palpable simulacrum of existence.
Her lips, which now discourse the slang of the The piece of literature exists only in the idea of
studio or of the streets, will utter poetic phrases. the person who creates it, and in the minds of
She may attain to the wit of Rosalind, the tender- the people who read it.
ness of Imogen, the gentle austerity of Isabella. There are three main methods by which liter-
She is at least on the right way. She sees the ary creations may
be effected. The first is the
Promised Land on the edge of the desert. The method of pure idealism.
method of pure idealism. A richly endowed
flowery meadows of the Age of Gold, which mind
may
draw from the cave of his own being
always open to the purview of every great liter the figures and scenes of a phantasmal world.
ary epoch, are in sight. We have said that the He
may
deck and adorn it with the treasures of
new Magazine Girl does not work, and we his own feelings and fancies, and spread over it
must explain this apparent blasphemy against a light that never was on sea or land. Some
current ideas. Every sane human being wants promptings from without he must have: he takes
to exercise his or her muscles and mind,- wants the names of visible persons and things, but he
to produce something, the labor of hands or fills them out from his own stock of imagina-
brain, to justify existence. Health and sanity tions. Perhaps it is from some state of pre-
are only retainable on those terms. But there
But there existence that he acquires a notion of real exist-
is a vast difference between voluntary labor, ence. Or perhaps it is the pollen from the
however extreme, — labor done with pleasure poets of the past which impregnates and makes
and delight, — and uncongenial work done at fruitful the buds and blossoms latent in his own
the command of a superior or at the bidding of mind. It is needless to say that in the hands
necessity. Modern industrialism, we should say, of men entirely great this method is capable of
is responsible for modern realism in literature. tremendous successes. All poets follow it to a
By its dreary uniformity and monotony it stunts greater or less extent. Probably the best half
body and soul alike, and makes its victims un of the greatest creations of literature are of this
fit either to serve as models for great art or to dream substance. It is doubtful whether human
enjoy the art when done. What is it that irre- nature ever quite equals, either in good or evil,
sistibly attracts the soul of mankind to warfare? the supreme figures of fiction and poetry. Schil-
Is it not its freedom and variety of action, its ler and Shelley are the modern types of creators
culminating excitement of battle? War is an who have little hold on real life. “ Does this
intoxication, a play, for which men are willing remind you of Hellas?” said Trelawney to Shel-
to lose their lives. Imaginative literature is a ley when they were viewing some Italian town.
less brutal form of intoxication, a less danger * No, but it does of Hell," answered the poet.
ous kind of play. And as anything is praise-
And as anything is praise- He was indignant that life should disturb and
worthy which brings back this primal, central belie his dream. The weakness of the idealistic
conception of literature, we think the Magazine method is that it becomes too wire-spun, - it
Girl deserves credit.
becomes a convention. It needs every now and
If play is the main purpose of imaginative then to be subjected to the rude shock of reality;
literature, we are for the rigor of the game. its aërial visions need to be reborn out of earth,
The world is always loth to believe that there is as the clouds are reborn out of the sea.
any distinction between life and literature, — The second method is that of realism or nat-
that there is an unspanned gap between the two. uralism. An author sets himself to study a
Like children, it demands of every story, “ Is certain part or section of the life about him.
this true?” Literature is the profoundest kind He vivisects, dissects, analyzes, and photographs.
of truth; but it is far enough from being fact. He sets his models in a glass case and studies
Take the mere mechanical aspect of the case. them from every point of view. He becomes a
Here you have an oblong volume wherein some prodigy of notes, a marvel of memoranda. But
hundreds of thousands of black marks on white in the first place, any man's life is too short to
paper are supposed to represent the solid earth exhaust all the possibilities of any piece of exist-


1912.)
217
THE DIAL
ence, and the patience of readers would balk at We are now far enough from them partially to
any true, full record. In the second place, per adjudge their product, and it certainly bears no
spective and relation are lost, and what was comparison with the first vintage of our wits.
intended to be extra true becomes absurdly Just at present a new sap seems to be rising in
false. In the third place, the volatile and essen our midst. There seems to be the promise of
tial spirit of life, which is the only thing really a Spring, and that is why we pitch upon the
worth while in literature, flies such close, mi. Magazine Girl as a symbol of hope. She has a
nute investigation. The thing was vital, and touch of poetry and idealism in her, and is, we
now it is a caput mortuum. Nevertheless, in all hope, the prelude to a rich harvest of the wine
times the absolute facing of facts and the sin- of literature. CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
cere attempt to record them has resulted in great
literature. Aristophanes and Euripides, in part,
Juvenal and Petronius, Rabelais and the authors
CASUAL COMMENT.
of the Beast Fabliaux and Satires of the Middle
Ages, Chaucer and Swift and Burns, are mas-
ALL-THE-YEAR-ROUND PUBLISHING, which has
ters of the real and natural. But perhaps real. been, for obvious good reasons, advocated by the
ism has been best realized by the great idealists,
London “Book Monthly” as an improvement on the
- by Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, Goethe.
present system of two breathlessly busy seasons alter-
nating with two more or less idle ones — autumn and
The third creative method is that of abstrac- spring being the rush periods, midwinter and mid-
tion. It is really a combination of the other two,
summer the least active ones — is made the subject
neither of them being pushed to excess. An
of a noteworthy “symposium” of publishers, book-
author views the world, as it were, by glimpses sellers, and librarians in the February issue of that
and glances. He takes enough from it to fill magazine. Far from treating the proposal after
out his preconceived idea. He concentrates and the scornful fashion of Goldsmith's Mr. Fudge (in
condenses the things and persons of the world, “The Citizen of the World”) who maintained that
and breathes his own breath into his creations.
"books have their time as well as cucumbers," the
He builds up figures out of many models, or
gentlemen called upon for an expression of opinion
have discussed the matter seriously and intelligently
from a mere suggestion provided by one. He
in
many
instances, it is true, without much encour-
gives us the impression of true life while we know
agement for the proposed change, but in not a few
very well that no such life ever existed. If the
with an emphatic advocacy of such change. Mr.
originals of Hamlet or Falstaff or Rosalind, John Lane not only writes sympathetically, but even
Mr. Shandy or My Uncle Toby, the Master of asserts that some of his own most successful publish-
Ravenswood or Captain Dalgetty, Micawber, | ing has been done at the so-called dull times of the
Pecksniff, or Mrs. Gamp, could be confronted year, at the end of July, the beginning of August,
with their literary doubles, we should see how and the middle of January. Some of the contri-
immeasurably distant and different the two sets butors to the discussion aver that even now there is
of personages were, - how much has been left practically no slack season in the book world that
out of the real and how much has been put into
there is always something doing; others doubt the
feasibility of a change; and nearly all recognize that
the imaginary beings. Everything seems to be
the booksellers even more than the book-publishers
there, but everything has suffered a sea-change.
are responsible for the existing order. The book-
What is intolerable in life, because of wicked- sellers, of course, throw the blame (so to call it) back
ness, foulness, or dulness, becomes not only on the bookbuyers. Nevertheless, it has been noted
tolerable but delightful in literature. Folly has that the public will buy novels and other light litera-
the effect of wit, and weakness of power. To ture as readily in summer as in winter. Why not,
give us this brief abstraction and transformation then, even things up by distributing the books of
of life is the greatest work of genius.
entertainment over the whole year, and leave the
But we must return to our theme and make winter sacred to science, to history, to philosophy,
an application of our discourse. Literature in and their like? Some such equalization is certainly
desired by literary journals and book-reviewers,
America began with pure idealism. Poe, Emer-
while all who have the handling of books in the way
son, Hawthorne, Bryant, Cooper, and nearly all
of business would find themselves benefitted by the
our first great flight of writers, built from the change.
idea whether innate in their own natures or
MR. HOWELLS'S SEVENTY-FIFTH BIRTHDAY, the
derived from Europe. Then came the men of
first of this month, called forth many tributes of en-
fact, the students of contemporary life. They thusiastic admiration, high respect, and warm affec-
came in their multitude, men and women,
and tion. Amid the general chorus of congratulation
drove the idealists, thinkers, poets, from the field. and good wishes there have appeared numerous ap-


218
[March 16,
THE DIAL
preciative comments on his work as an author, from some of his friends. The Library of Congress has
men and women whose words carry weight. Nat asked the Treasury Department to transfer to the
urally enough it is the unapproachable and all but library's keeping a file of papers relating to Haw-
faultless literary style of Mr. Howells that these thorne's appointment and removal. Among letters
admirers of his delight to dwell upon, after doing urging the appointment are those written by George
justice to the charm of the man as self-revealed in Bancroft and Franklin Pierce, while among those
his writings, and to the genius displayed in his won protesting against the removal are letters from Rufus
derful pictures of American life and character. Cboate and Horace Mann. Another interesting
Indeed, it is a never-ceasing marvel to note the inev paper is a memorial from certain of the Whigs of
itable ease and precision and lucidity, the grace and Salem setting forth the reasons why, in their opinion,
finish and geniality, of his every utterance. The a discharge of Democratic officials at the customs
facility and felicity of it all, the naturalness and house in favor of Whigs was a thing to be desired.
seeming unstudiedness, deceive the unwary reader That this desirable change was presently effected
and tempt him to imagine that he too could have need not surprise anyone. The official papers in the
written those smooth and polished periods if the im case have not been preserved in their entirety, but
pulse had seized him. The ease of the true artist, a sufficient number of interesting documents appear
however, is a thing concerning whose acquisition to be extant to furnish an authentic and significant
probably the artist himself could tell us a good deal record of this episode in the novelist's life. Already
that we had never suspected. That Mr. Howells the Essex Institute at Salem has procured photo-
may continue to practise his art a good number of graphic reproductions of these papers, and they are
years still, is a hope that cannot seem extravagant to be used in a work relating to Hawthorne now said
to anyone who recalls the prolonged activity of the to be in preparation at the hands of the Institute's
ever-youthful Mrs. Howe, Colonel Higginson, and secretary, Mr. George Francis Dow.
John Bigelow.
THE ENGLISH PROTEST AGAINST PERNICIOUS
A LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE DEPARTMENT FOR
LITERATURE, as voiced by the editor of “The Spec-
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS is now advocated by
tator,” who recently acted as chief spokesman of a
Representative Nelson of Wisconsin, and he has in-
deputation before the Home Secretary, revives a
troduced a bill to establish such department. The wearisome discussion in which it is all but impos-
project has had a thorough airing, and speakers in
sible to take part without incurring the charge of
its favor, including Ambassador Bryce, Mr. Herbert
either prudishness or license. What constitutes im-
Putnam, Dr. McCarthy of the Wisconsin legisla morality in literature - apart from the grossly inde-
tive reference bureau, Speaker Clark, and others,
cent productions that the police already have power
have sufficiently demonstrated the need of expert
to suppress — will always remain an open question
assistance such as the proposed department would
as surely as that manners and customs and the cri-
furnish to our national legislators in the proper and
intelligent framing of laws. Inasmuch as already tinue to shift and vary from age to age and from
terions of propriety and impropriety will ever con-
fourteen states and many cities have established
country to country. The Home Secretary's promise
bureaus of this sort, and the movement is rapidly
that the government would gravely consider the
gathering further impetus, no detailed explanation problem and deal with it energetically, was no more
of the beneficent functions of the proposed bureau
than might have been expected; but what sensible
should be needed to convince the intelligent ob-
person really expects or even desires the establish-
server of its desirability at Washington. Neverthe-
ment in England of anything in the nature of an
less one congressman, in the hearing before the
official censorship of printed matter? However, we
Committee on Library, felt called upon to object to
shall see what we shall see. Meanwhile, those who
its establishment, on the ground that every repre-
are greatly exercised on the subject, and who feel
sentative or senator with a bill to introduce ought
convinced that something ought to be done, will en-
in person to go through all the drudgery of its
joy reading Canon Rawnsley's vigorous assault on
draughting, collecting his data and looking up the
the purveyors of immoral literature, in the current
already existing statutes in the same field, in order
number of “ The Hibbert Journal.”
to be able to speak with understanding in behalf of
his bill when he presents it for legislative action. THE LIBRARY REPORT AS LITERATURE — that is,
What, pray, is a man sent to Congress for, if not as a contribution to the "literature of power” as
for just such work? asks the objector, apparently distinguished from the “literature of knowledge.”
forgetful that this an age of specialization.
—often and necessarily leaves something to be de-
sired; but not always. For instance, the poetical
AN UNWRITTEN CHAPTER IN HAWTHORNE'S LIFE Mr. Ballard, of Pittsfield, Mass., has on at least one
-unwritten, that is, in all its details—has to do with occasion accomplished the feat of putting his annual
his unceremonious removal, in 1849, from the posi- record of progress into smoothly-flowing verse; and
tion of surveyor of customs of the port of Salem, and the Visiting Committee of the Boston Public Library
with the indignant remonstrance which this ruthless succeeded in imparting a very human quality to one
application of the spoils system called forth from section of a recent report of that institution, by means


1912.]
219
THE DIAL
of graphic and touching descriptions of life among am the only person, I believe, on the Press who does
the lowly lovers of books. And there are other not care in the least whether his lucubrations do or
instances. The Enoch Pratt Free Library of Balti- do not appear in print.” Probably his pecuniary
more, as a very recent example, issues a "Twenty independence had something to do with this careless
sixth Annual Report” (from the pen of its head, attitude toward his articles, and this in turn may
Dr. Bernard C. Steiner) which is something more have contributed no little to the dash and freedom
than a shivering skeleton of statistics. It is clothed and scorn of consequences that characterized his
with flesh and pulses with life. The eye rests grate- style. It is not every editor that can indulge in the
fully on occasional apt quotations, as, for example, luxury of courting libel suits to the extent allowed
a fine
passage from “Instructions Concerning Erect himself by the founder and proprietor of “Truth.”
ing of a Library,” by Gabriel Naudé; and another
from Edward Everett Hale; and still another from
A STATE-WIDE SPELLING MATCH soon to be held at
Mr. Frederic Harrison; and one from Hazlitt; and
the capital of Missouri owes its originating impulse,
others besides. Nor does the human interest lan. apparently, to the zealous activity of the Macon
guish for want of incidents from real life. Truly, County best-spellers, who by the time this is in print
there is more in this modest-looking blue-covered
will have spelled one another to the last ditch, leaving
pamphlet than the casual observer would suspect,
the sole survivor to champion the county in the state
and far more than we can here do justice to.
contest. Of course the local preliminary matches
leading up to the county contest have been going on
GOLD BRICKS OF THE BOOK-TRADE, the “de luxe" in spirited fashion for weeks, and the whole thing has
subscription books that cost perhaps a dollar or two a been, in its way, a great educational event, recalling
volume to manufacture, and that sell at ten or twenty our good old New England spelling bees, intellectual
times as much, form the subject of a recent sprightly tournaments unknown to those of the present gen-
article by Mr. Robert Sterling Yard in the “Satur eration who are taught to read without learning the
day Evening Post.” He casts no reflections on the alphabet, and to spell without naming the letters.
“Houghton Mifflin-Scribner-Little Brown kind of Alas, that this festive banquet of fun and philology
limited editions,” but mercilessly scores the manifest should have become so nearly a thing of the past
frauds which unscrupulous dealers unload on a too with us! But its revival in the Mississippi valley is
willing public. This is the way it is done: “A little a cheering sign, and not even the baleful activity of
group of speculators will get up a set of books printed the reformed spellers, striving to bring all ortho-
from old plates they've bought somewhere here at graphy down to the dead level of a monotonous and
a bargain; hire some college professor or other — characterless simplicity, shall prevent our taking
generally at a good price, too — to write an essay for heart of hope and looking forward to still further
an introduction; reproduce in mere half-tone some manifestations of popular attachment to the spelling
fine old prints they've bought at auction-good and the spelling matches of our fathers.
things, maybe, and never used before; get an artist
of accomplishment to design a special title-page and
THE MAINTENANCE OF THE NEW YORK PUBLIC
cover-the cover adapted from some fine old English LIBRARY, the magnificent institution recently opened
or French binding —and there you are!” Among
to general use and already having a record of nearly
the amusing incidents of the trade occurs the follow-
two million visitors, is calling for magnificent appro-
ing: “A few months ago a woman's executors sued priations from the city treasury. The estimated
to recover on a set of Shakespeare, “specially printed running expenses for the current year come within
for Mrs. Blank,' for which she had paid an absolutely twenty thousand dollars of the half-million mark,
fabulous price on the strength of each volume hav-
and only seveny-four thousand has been set aside for
ing been 'signed by the author.”" Verily, a fatuous
books and binding. The librarian would like, and
book-buyer and his money are soon parted.
doubtless could make good use of, one hundred and
fifty thousand a year for the purchase of books, and
ONE VIEW OF LITERARY ART that is of interest | seventy-five thousand for binding. It is interesting
in connection with Mr. Labouchere's recent death is to compare with these figures the Boston Public Li-
his assertion, in his early journalistic days: “It has brary's annual expenditure of about three hundred
always appeared to me that the making of an art and fifty thousand dollars, a seventh part of which
[article] requires two persons, one to write it, the goes for new books. But the mere physical im-
other to cut it down--and generally to cut out what mensity of the sister institution in New York, with
the first man most admires." Another saying of his, its staff of nine hundred and twenty-seven members,
quoted, with the foregoing, by a former associate of
makes a thousand dollars look very much, as the
Labouchere's, and printed in the London “Truth,” slang of the street might express it, “ like thirty
reminds one of Walter Scott's fine indifference as cents.”
to what may or may not have flowed from his
pen.
PREPARATIONS FOR THE BROWNING CENTENARY,
When apologies had been offered for cutting out a May 17, are now going forward. An especially invit-
part of the brilliant journalist's matter, he wrote back: ing programme is published of the coming observ-
“You need not sentimentalize about my stuff. I send ance at Westminster Abbey and in the adjoining
it to you to do what you like with.” And again : “I College Hall. After an appropriate service in the


220
[March 16,
THE DIAL
Abbey, adjournment will be made to the College tion to them here. One is entitled “Francisco Ferrer:
Hall, where the Marquis of Crewe will preside.
Criminal Conspirator,” and is the work of Rev. John A.
Bishop Boyd Carpenter, Canon Rawnsley, Miss Ryan of St. Paul Seminary. It makes a careful analysis
Emily Hickey, one of the founders of the Browning
of Mr. Archer's book in an attempt to show, from the
Society, Mr. E. H. Coleridge, grandson of S. T.
information that the author himself furnishes, that
Ferrer received a fair trial and deserved death on the
Coleridge, Mr. H. C. Minchin, Browning's latest
basis of the practice of the average civilized country.
biographer, Mr. W. Kingsland, and others, will con-
Father Ryan lays no claim to first-hand knowledge of
tribute papers or addresses. No speaker is to exceed Ferrer in particular or of Spanish institutions in general.
ten minutes, and the collective proceedings are to The other volume, issued with a preface by Mr. Paul
be published by Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co. under Blakewell, of the St. Louis bar, is a collection and re-
Professor Knight's editorship. The “Committee of print of a series of English magazine articles by Mr.
Sympathisers" with this notable demonstration em Hilaire Belloc. Mr. Belloc maintains that the interna-
braces a host of celebrities in both hemispheres.
tional outbreak at Ferrer's death was a carefully-planned
move in an international anti-Catholic conspiracy in
THE FREE ADVERTISEMENT OF ADVERSE CENSOR which the press of the world is involved and of which
SHIP promises to render Mr. Israel Zangwill the
Mr. Archer's book was a detail, and calls the attention of
acceptable service of procuring a wider reading for
Catholics to the recent establishment of an International
his new play, “The Next Religion," than would have
Press Agency under the control of the Church. This
been otherwise probable. Published at two shillings,
pamphlet bears the title “ A Conspiracy and Its Agency.”
Father Ryan's monograph is quiet and reasonable in
under the ban of the official censor of stage produc tone, Mr. Belloc's violent and bitter. I infer that either
tions, it will be well within the reach of many
who
may be secured by writing for it, the former to B. Herder,
would not have felt able to buy the ticket, or two Publisher, St. Louis, and the latter probably from Mr.
tickets, for such theatre seat or seats as self-respect Blakewell.
Roy TEMPLE HOUSE,
and acoustic conditions demand. The piquant sauce Norman, Oklahoma, March 6, 1912.
of censorship, while it imparts relish to the dish,
need not of course imply any injurious amount of ST. ANTHONY'S SERMON TO THE FISHES.
spice. Perhaps the play in question contained some
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
reference to the Deity, as it could hardly fail to, from
Concerning “St. Anthony's Sermon to the Fishes,"
its title, or otherwise transgressed the time-honored regarding which inquiry was made in your last issue,
rules by which the presentability of British plays I have in the form of a newspaper cutting many years
has been so arbitrarily determined. But certain old, a translation by the Rev. Charles T. Brooks of New-
cis-Atlantic demonstrations in connection with one port, R. I., which is headed “From a German versifica-
of Synge's plays as presented on the American stage
tion of a passage of Abraham a Santa Clara, a Jesuit
ought perhaps to silence us on the subject of trans-
preacher of the Seventeenth Century.” Mr. Brooks's
Atlantic censorship of the drama.
version seems to me brighter than most other renderings
which have fallen under my eye, although pretty free
THE VAN BUREN PAPERS presented to the Li-
in its rhymes. The last of the eight stanzas of his trans-
lation runs in this wise:
brary of Congress by Mrs. Smith-Thompson Van
“When sermon was ended
Buren have been carefully examined by Miss Eliza-
To their business all wended;
beth H. West of the Manuscript Division, and the
The pikes to their thieving,
library now issues her “Calendar of the Van Buren
The eels to good living ;
Papers," a useful guide to these historically inter-
The crab still goes crooked,
The codfish is stupid.
esting and instructive documents. To the student
Yet none of them ever
of American political history they throw light upon
Heard sermon so clever."
a character distinguished for shrewdness, but never
G. A. T.
Cincinnati, Ohio, March 4, 1912.
rising to the lofty heights of great constructive
statesmanship. In the letters addressed to him, even
more than in those from his own hand, there lies a
KENTUCKY FOLK-SONGS.
mine of wealth for the diligent delver who shall
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
undertake the task of sinking the requisite shafts, In THE DIAL for April 1, 1911, p. 261, in an article
bringing the ore to the surface, and milling it for the on “American Folk-Songs,” I described Professor H. G.
Shearin's large collection of the popular songs of
precious metal it contains.
Kentucky Professor Shearin has recently published
a pamphlet of 43 octavo pages entitled “A Syllabus
of Kentucky Folk-Songs,” in which he gives a helpful
COMMUNICATIONS.
classification and brief description of all the songs in
his possession, with a full index. Persons interested
FRANCISCO FERRER AND THE CATHOLICS. in American folk-songs will find the pamphlet of great
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
interest and value. It appears as one of the “
Transyl-
Since the appearance of my review of Mr. William vania University Studies in English,” and can be
Archer's “ The Life, Trial, and Death of Francisco Fer obtained for 25 cts. by addressing Hamilton College,
rer,” in your issue of January 16 last, I have received Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky.
from Catbolic sources two little volumes which are prob-
ALBERT H. TOLMAN.
ably of sufficient interest to warrant my calling atten The University of Chicago, March 9, 1912.


1912.]
221
THE DIAL
The New Books.
One is glad to learn here something more about
the “strong, haughty, and passionate” Fred-
erick Tennyson of FitzGerald's letters. There
A POET AND HIS CIRCLE.*
was in both men the same admirable sturdiness
When it is remembered that the letters pub- of independence, the same hatred of senseless
lished by Lord Tennyson in the “ Life and Let- conventionality, the same determination to live
ters” of his father were selected from more than
his life each in his own way.
And in the case
forty thousand, and, further, that the poet's wide of each a sufficient fortune was inherited to
circle of friends and correspondents included make easily possible this unsocial but not neces-
many of the most gifted men of his time, it will sarily unattractive mode of existence. From
be seen that no lack of highly interesting material Mr. Charles Tennyson's chapter on the Tenny-
need embarrass the compiler of a volume supple- son brothers we quote:
mentary to the biography. Rather, his embar “But Frederick was too much of a man of moods to
rassment will arise from an excess of material. care for society. He used to describe himself as a 'per-
“Tennyson and his Friends," from the same hand
son of gloomy insignificance and unsocial monomania.'
Society he dismissed contemptuously as "Snookdom,'
that gave us the “Life and Letters," is a full sheaf
and would liken it gruffly to a street row. The high-
of memories and correspondence gleaned from the jinks of the high-nosed' (to use another phrase of his)
same general field that produced the larger work angered him, as did all persons who go about with
of fifteen years ago. Among the recollections
well-cut trousers and ill-arranged ideas.””
put upon paper by those whose remembrance As is well known to readers of the FitzGerald
runs back to the mid-Victorian days of the poet's letters, the Woodbridge recluse could make no
prime, are to be especially noted the initial headway with Browning's poetry, and in fact
chapter, “Recollections of my Early Life,” refused to acknowledge greatness in any con-
written at her son's request by Emily, Lady temporary poet but Tennyson, whom however
Tennyson, in 1896 ; Mr. Charles Tennyson's ac he held to have sadly declined from his earlier
count of the three Tennyson brothers ; the paper heroic manner.
heroic manner. Frederick Tennyson's attitude
on FitzGerald and Carlyle in their relations to toward Browning the poet was strikingly simi-
Tennyson, by Dr. Warren of Magdalen College ; lar, even though he delighted in Browning the
the reminiscences of Tennyson contributed by
In a letter to a friend he wrote:
the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge; and “What you say of Browning's “Ring and the Book'
Mr. Arthur Coleridge's “ Fragmentary Notes of
I have no doubt is strictly applicable, however slash-
Tennyson's Talk.” The book also contains the ing. . . . I confess, however, that I have never had the
courage to read the book. He is a great friend of
centennial addresses on the poet by Mr. Arthur
mine. But it does not follow that I should put up
Sidgwick and the late Professor Henry Butcher, with obsolete horrors, and unrhythmical composition.
and the “Edinburgh Review” article by the What has come upon the world that it should take any
late Sir Alfred Lyall on “ Tennyson : His Life
metrical (?) arrangement of facts for holy Poesy? It
and Work," written on the occasion of the ap-
has been my weakness to believe that the Fine Arts and
Imaginative Literature should do something more than
pearance of the biography. Among the numer-
astonish us by tours de force, black and white contrasts,
ous letters inserted or quoted from, those writ outrageous inhumanities, or anything criminally sensa-
ten by FitzGerald to Tennyson, and mostly new tional, or merely intellectually potent."
to the reading public, deserve foremost mention. From the many passages on the poet Tenny-
Others by Frederick Tennyson are nearly as son and his art, a few selections will be not out
good, and some from James Spedding are full of place here. Speaking of his “ Crossing the
of interest. Twenty-five of Tennyson's shorter Bar,” he declared: “They say I write so slowly.
poems, addressed to as many of his friends, are
Well, that poem came to me in five minutes.
reprinted, as is also Dr. John Brown's chapter Anyhow, under ten minutes.” And afterward
on Arthur Hallam from the “ Horæ Subsecivæ,” | Lady Tennyson confirmed what he had implied
while an appendix contains some miscellaneous concerning his usual rate of composition. It
letters from unknown admirers of the poet, and was rapid rather than slow. In the chapter
other appropriate matter.
entitled “Recollections of Tennyson,” by the
The near views of Tennyson's relations and Master of Trinity (Dr. Butler), a significant
intimate friends which the book furnishes are reference to Tennyson's feeling toward Brown-
hardly less welcome than the occasional passages ing, and also his admiration for Wordsworth,
touching on the poet's own personality and habits. arrests the attention.
TENNYSON AND HIS FRIENDS. Edited by Hallam, Lord “I noticed that he never spoke of Wordsworth with-
Tennyson. Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co. out marked reverence. Obviously, with his exquisite
man.


222
[March 16,
THE DIAL
my heart
his son.
ear for choice words and rhythm, he must have been him; and write to you about it; for the sake of easing
more sensitive than most men to the prosaic, bathetic
not yours. Why is it (as I asked Mrs. Ten-
side of Wordsworth; but I never heard him say a word nyson) that, while the Magazine critics are belauding
implying that he felt this, whereas I have heard him him, not one of the men I know, who are not inferior to
qualify his admiration for Robert Browning's genius the writers in the Athenæum, Edinburgh,etc., can endure,
and his affection for his person by some allusion to the and (for the most part) can read him at all? I mean bis
roughness of his style. This, he thought, must lead to last poem. Thus it has been with the Cowells, Trinity
his being less read than he deserved in years to come, Thompsons, Donnes, and some others whom you don't
and he evidently regretted it."
know, but in whose candour and judgment I have equal
A passage from Mrs. Butler's journal of a confidence, men and women too.
“Since I wrote to your wife, Pollock, a great friend
visit to Farringford in January, 1892, gives
of Browning's, writes to me: I agree with you about
instances of the poet's well-known resentment Browning and A.T. I can't understand it. Ter conatus
of unjust criticism. She writes of a walk that eram to get through the Ring and the Book — and fail-
she and her husband took with their host and ing to perform the feat in its totality, I have stooped to
the humiliation to point out extracts for me (they hav-
ing read it all quite through three times) and still could
“ Montagu and he were in front, Hallam Tennyson
not do it. So I pretend to have read it, and let Browning
and I behind. Montagu tells me how he was indignant
so suppose when I talk to him about it. But don't you
with Z. for charging him with general plagiarism, in be afraid' (N. B. I am not, only angry) .things will
particular about Lactantius and other classics, of
come round, and A. T. will take his right place again,
whom,' he said, “I have n't read a word.' Also, of
and R. B. will have all the honours due to his learning,
taking from Sophocles, whom I never read since I was
wit and philosophy.'”
a young man’; and of owing his moanings of the sea'
to Horace's gementis litora Bospori. Some one charged
The chapter of “ fragmentary notes of Ten-
him with having stolen the • In Memoriam ' metre from nyson's talk ” has many quotable sayings. “I
some very old poet of whom he had never heard. He am sorry,' said he on one occasion, that I am
said, in answer to Montagu's question, that the metres turned into a school-book at Harrow; the boys
of both · Maurice' and · The Daisy' were original. He
will say of me, "That horrible Tennyson. The
had never written in the metre of Grey's •Elegy,' ex-
cept epitaphs in Westminster Abbey. He admired the cheapness of English classics makes the plan
metre much, and thought the poem immortal. . . , He acceptable to schoolmasters and parents.” “My
told me that his lines (came to’him; he did not make prize poem • Timbuctoo' was an altered version
them up, but that, when they had come, he wrote them of a work I had written at home and called
down, and looked into them to see what they were like.
Then he said again, what I have heard him say
• The Battle of Armageddon.' I fell out with
before, that though a poet is born, be will not be much my father, for I had no wish to compete for the
of a poet if he is not made too."
prize and he insisted on my writing. To my
Tennyson's sensitiveness to criticism, as illus amazement, the prize was awarded to me. I
trated in the foregoing, rather intensifies to us
could n't face the public recitation in the Senate
his human quality, and at the same time indi House, feeling very much as Cowper felt; Mer-
cates an admirable modesty in the man. Had ivale declaimed my poem for me in the Senate
he been conscious of his true worth he would
House.” “ My tailor at Cambridge was a man
have seen that all these petty assaults, which
of the name of Law. When he made his way
seemed to him so vexatious, were really not into our rooms, and worried us about paying our
worthy of notice and would weigh not the mil-
bills, we used to say, This is Law's Serious
lionth of a milligram in the balance against himn.
Call.' A similar Oxford tradition concerns
Other human traits come out in anecdotes told
the Oxford tailor, whose name was Joy. The
about him and by him. Among the stories of undergraduates, after a liberal indulgence in
his Cambridge days occurs the following:
port wine, used to say : “Heaviness may endure
- A wine-party was going on in Arthur Hallam's for a night, but Joy cometh in the morning.”
rooms in the New Court, when enter angrily the Senior Tennyson's love of animals is illustrated in the
Dean, «Tommy Thorp.' What is the meaning, Mr. following: “I could imitate the hoot of an owl,
Hallam, of all this noise ?' •I am very sorry, sir,' said
and once practised successfully enough to attract
Hallam, we had no idea we were making a noise.'
• Well, gentlemen, if you'll all come down into the
one which flew in through my window. The
Court, you 'll hear what a noise you're making.' • Per bird soon made friends with me, would sit on
haps, admits Tennyson, • I may have put in the all.'” my shoulder and kiss my face. My pet monkey
Here is a characteristic bit from “Old Fitz," became jealous, and one day pushed the owl off
and curiously similar to the passage already a board that I had raised some feet from the
quoted from Frederick Tennyson. It is from a ground. The owl was not hurt, but he died
letter to “My dear old Alfred,” which begins afterwards a Narcissus death from vanity. He
thus :
fell into a tub of water contemplating his own
“ I abuse Browning myself; and get others to abuse beauty, and was drowned.”


1912.]
223
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66
:
Among the tributes of admiration from read ever reads a text-book unless as a task imposed
ers in many lands, there are some from America upon him by authority?
that will make the American reader blush for his This lack of books written to meet the needs
country, even while he laughs. For example: of the general reader is not, as many superficial
Will you accept the enclosed lines as a slight testi thinkers urge, a serious reproach to the body of
monial of the high admiration entertained for your ex economic writers. It is the chief business of
quisite genius, by a rhyming daughter of Columbia; whose
the economist, for the present at least, to con-
poetic wings just fledging from a first unpublished vol.
(commended by Wm. Cullen Bryant and Geo. Bancroft,
duct investigations and to teach other men how
Esqrs.) permit only a feeble fluttering around the base to conduct investigations. The field of eco-
of that · Parnassus, whose summit you have so bril nomics is a vast one, very inadequately explored.
liantly, and justly attained.”
The force of investigators is too small, and their
An angler for autographs writes as follows: resources inadequate to the work. They are
“Sır— I hope that you will kindly excuse the liberty therefore compelled in many cases to content
I take in requesting you to be so good as to inform me themselves with merely plausible working hypo-
how the word “humble' should be pronounced: i.e. theses. In so far as the progress of the science
whether or not it is proper to aspirate the 'h'? A reply
consists in the substitution of reasonably cer-
at your kind convenience will inexpressibly oblige.
tain conclusions for tentative ones, the real sig-
One would like to know how these and count-
less other similar importunities were borne by
nificance of the work will almost inevitably
the victim. He must have amassed a consider-
escape the layman. In so far as it consists in
able library of gift volumes of verse from unre-
the investigation of the hidden implications of
the problems that lie on the surface - an in-
nowned poets—that is, if he kept these offerings, vestigation essential to the solution of these
To have read all the printed and unprinted
metrical effusions sent to him, commonly with
problems — the
of the science will ap-
progress
request for criticism (and with fond hopes of pear to the layman to be in the direction of bar-
ren subtleties.
What layman can understand
praise), would have been impossible.
why economists have in recent years devoted so
As a treasury of literary and personal remi-
much energy to the “minutiæ" of the value
niscence and anecdote, embellished with appro, problem? As a scientific investigator, the econ-
priate illustrations,“ Tennyson and his Friends'
is a book to revel in as the mood seizes one,
omist must select his problems without refer-
and
ence to the immediate popular interest. If he
to read through in a season of leisure; and by
can make it clear to his co-workers in the science
reason of its uniformity in style with the - Life
and Letters,” as well as for other and deeper rea-
what he is driving at, and why, it is usually all
he can do, and all he can be expected to do. It
sons, it claims a place beside that earlier work
is all that the professional chemist or physicist
from the same band.
PERCY F. BICKNELL. does. Economics as a science, like most other
sciences, assumes by necessity a somewhat eso-
teric form.
But, unlike other sciences, economics must
ECONOMICS MADE INTELLIGIBLE.*
in the end divest itself of the esoteric if it is to
There is a dearth of good books in economics. be at all useful. Society can enjoy the fruits
Exhaustive monographs and voluminous inves of discoveries in the physical sciences, the na-
tigations there are in plenty. But even in the ture of which only the select few understand.
field of applied economics — taxation, the labor There is no reason why even a considerable
problem, the trust problem, and the like — it
it minority of the population should understand
is difficult to find a really good book, a book the principles underlying wireless telegraphy;
written for men, not for college boys, a book the invention is none the less put to its most
intelligible to persons not already experts in the effective use. The invention of a new plan for
field, a book that covers its subject adequately, regulating bank-note issues, on the other hand,
that is interesting yet free from bias. As for must remain without practical result until a
the general works on economics, those published working majority of society has become con-
in America prior to 1911 have all been designed | vinced of its worth. It follows that in econom-
primarily as university text-books, and very ics great value is properly ascribed to the work
good text-books some of them are. But who
of a man who succeeds in making himself under-
PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS. By F. W. Taussig. In two
stood by the general public. Accordingly almost
volumes. New York: The Macmillan Co.
all economists will regard Professor Taussig's


224
[March 16,
THE DIAL
“ Principles of Economics” as a work of great logic, a disregard for consequences of a revolu-
importance. Some, no doubt, will deny that it tionary character that might be deduced from it.
contributes materially to the solution of any Other economists have displayed great ingenuity
vital problem of economic science. Others
Others in arguing that property incomes are not deduc-
perhaps will even assert that it is reactionary in tions from the product of labor, but are funda-
its tendencies. But no one can deny that the mentally the product of the material instruments
book is a readable one, and intelligible, in the of production themselves. Professor Taussig
main, to anyone seriously interested in economic rejects this view without serious discussion.
questions and willing to do a reasonable amount Labor he regards as the sole source of income.
of thinking
As wages, the laborer can get only his marginal
The scope of the work is exceedingly wide. product — what labor employed on the poorest
What may be termed the general principles of lands and in the poorest mines in use actually
economics — the organization of production, the adds to production. Thus a first deduction from
laws of value, and the forces governing distribu- the product of labor consists in rents, royalties,
tion - occupy Books I., II., and V. The re and other differential gains. Even the rewards
maining five books cover the more important of superior management are to be regarded as
problems of economic policy-money and bank the product of the labor subject to management,
ing, foreign trade, labor problems, problems of if we are to construe strictly some of the pas-
economic organization (railway problems, trusts, sages in Professor Taussig's chapters on business
socialism), and taxation. The discussion often profit (cf., Vol. II., p. 172). And since, under
ranges beyond the strict limits indicated by these modern conditions, what the laborer produces
captions, and in the end covers pretty nearly is rarely fit for his own consumption, but must
all of the economic field in which there is any undergo further elaboration, be transported and
thing like generally accepted conclusions. warehoused until wanted, the laborer must re-
Professor Taussig is one of those economists ceive, not his marginal product, but a price for
who believe in the essential soundness of the it, advanced by the capitalist. This price is not
classical system of economics. Accordingly no the price of the product when ready for con-
one will be surprised to find that his theory of sumption; it is that price, less the capitalist's
value is practically that of Mill, with some con discount. Thus interest appears to be a second
cessions to a more recent terminology. His deduction from the product of labor; and
theory of money is also constructed on the clas wages, so far from being the whole product of
sical model. The discussion begins with a bald labor, are at most only the discounted marginal
statement of the quantity theory, followed by product.
some two hundred pages of the qualifications Such a theory of distribution might appear
necessary to adapt the theory to the facts of life. to serve as a basis for an attack upon property
Despite all the qualifications, however, the orig- incomes. No such attack is contemplated by
inal quantity theory of money remains as the Professor Taussig, who seeks justification of
governing principle in the field of price changes. concrete incomes not in the abstract principles
The theory of international trade presented by of productivity but in broad considerations of
Professor Taussig is also classical in outline. social utility. Interest, rents, and profits are
The argument for free trade here given is based defended on the ground that such incomes must
upon the theory of comparative costs: it is for exist if society is to be adequately supplied with
tified, however, by the results of much concrete capital, if its natural resources are to be properly
investigation in this field, in which Professor utilized, if men are to assume the risks attendant
Taussig is acknowledged master.
upon the introduction of new processes. Profes-
The author's theory of distribution is classi sor Taussig recognizes that the existence of such
cal in its emphasis upon the relation to the rate incomes makes for serious inequalities among
of wages of the forces governing the increase in
a prolific, source of discontent and disor-
population. It is also strictly classical in its der. In so far their tendency is evil. He be-
conception of the nature of rent. A departure lieves that some mitigation of existing inequalities
from the older political economy appears in the is possible through a development of popular
explanation of interest, which is described as education with consequent equalization of oppor-
originating in men's undervaluation in the
the pres- tunity, and through assumption by the State of
ent of goods that are designed for future use. the duty of relieving some of the most serious
What is perhaps most classical in Professor hardships that now weigh upon the poor — the
Taussig's theory is a certain ruthlessness of hopeless destitution of old age, the miseries re-
men


1912.]
225
THE DIAL
If
sulting from industrial accidents and protracted etc. In the reviewer's opinion, this justification
illness. A quickened sense of obligation on the of trade unionism is inadequate. The gains
part of the rich may also assist in mitigating the do not appear to be commensurate with the
evils of inequality. The author does not, how costs, if we accept Professor Taussig's general
ever, anticipate radical changes in the near doctrine.
future. “The main features of the existing dis Are we compelled to accept this doctrine ?
tribution of wealth are likely to persist for an Not by any argument presented by the author.
indefinite period in the future: shorn, indeed, When a body of workers gains control of a field
at either end, of the extremes of abject poverty of employment and forces up their own wages,
and endless riches, but still with rich and
poor,
this will no doubt be in part at the expense of
leisure class and well-to-do class and working other workers. If the textile workers secure
class, social stratification and the leaven of social a general advance in wages, a readjustment of
ambition.” (Vol. II., p. 256.)
textile prices will follow, - laborers in general
A consideration of Professor Taussig's theory will pay more for their clothes. There are also
of distribution leads naturally to an inference losses to laborers excluded from a unionized in-
as to his attitude toward the labor movement. dustry — and exclusion of some applicants for
wages are at most the " discounted marginal admission is inevitable, if wages are to be kept
product of labor," how much chance is there above the average. Possibly other losses to
that organized labor will succeed in its ultimate labor must be added to these, before we can
object of directing a greater and greater share strike a just balance of the advantages and dis-
of the social income stream toward itself ? This advantages of an advance in wages restricted to
question is answered by the author in Book VI.,
a single industry. The point here made is, that
under the caption “The Problems of Labor.” Professor Taussig does not attempt to strike
In his view, all that organized labor can do is any such balance. He arrives at a conclusion
to secure for labor its full discounted marginal of great practical significance without giving the
product. It can do nothing to change the basis reader an insight into the reasons upon
which
of distribution. This doctrine of the limited that conclusion is based. For this omission
efficacy of labor organization is taught, to be there are, to be sure, many precedents in the
sure, by practically the whole body of economic works of other economists who defend a similar
theorists who are of classical antecedents. Its position. And the reason is the same. To estab-
validity is vigorously denied by the leaders of lish the point scientifically would require an
the labor movement and by many of the scien- extremely laborious structure of mathematical
tific students of the labor problem. One who analysis that could hardly find place in a book
accepts it will almost inevitably display a cer of this kind. And, since the analysis has never
tain hostility toward organized labor, or at been made, it is possible that if it were worked
least impatience with its aims and methods. out, it would support another conclusion.
He is likely to look upon trade union exclusive Professor Taussig's attitude toward socialism
ness as vulgar monopoly; restraints imposed by is a generous one. Men who know little of the
the unions upon their members and upon em character of the advocates of socialism are prone
ployers he is apt to regard as a form of tyranny. to assume that they are inspired as a rule by
Such practices of trade unions as lead to violence envy. Professor Taussig'asserts that brotherly
and the destruction of property will receive love, rather than envy, underlies the socialistic
from him the more vigorous condemnation be movement. Most of the stock arguments against
cause he regards the end toward which they are socialism he dismisses as almost too trivial for
directed as an unattainable one. In this view consideration. His own criticism of socialism
the general public is forced to suffer all manner is that it underestimates the difficulty of check-
of inconvenience and injury while trade unions ing excessive increase of population in a State
are trying out unlawful means to gain what the in which responsibility for the child rests with
constitution of society makes it impossible for the State instead of with the parents ; the diffi-
them to gain. Professor Taussig, to be sure, culty of securing systematic effort in the per-
endeavors to maintain a sympathetic attitude formance of the routine tasks that will always
toward trade unionism, and justifies himself in make up the greater part of the world's work ;
this by placing a great deal of emphasis upon and the difficulty of insuring progress in indus-
the potency of the union to remove the minor try when the rewards given under the present
disabilities under which the workers labor — system for invention and for the assumption of
weakness in bargaining with large employers, I the risks inseparable from the introduction of


226
[March 16,
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inventions are withdrawn. Professor Taussig
THE DOMAIN OF PSYCHOLOGY.*
sees no justification for the view that produc-
tion in its existing state is sufficiently effective The transformation of interest in psychologi-
to secure a maximum of social welfare. The cal problems, the wide
cal problems, the wide range of theory and prac-
annual production of wealth, even in the United tice which they have assumed, and the general
States, is less than $1,000 per family. We awakening to the importance of the field of
must do much better than that before we can mind, make timely a topographical survey of
regard the problems of production as solved. this domain, indicating the contours of trends
Private enterprise finds at every hand problems and interests while yet free of encumbering de-
of production to solve ; accordingly it is far too tails. Such a survey is available in a peculiarly
early to talk of supplanting it by the relatively attractive form in the published lectures delivered
unprogressive forms of State activity.
by Professor J. R. Angell last year, as the first
But a system of private enterprise cannot, in course upon the Spencer foundation in psychology
Professor Taussig's opinion, result in the great established at Union College.
est social good unless it is subject to effective Professor Angell has chosen to divide the field
State regulation. This is especially true in the according to dominant problems and the methods
case of monopolistic industries. The so-called developed for their pursuit. In addition he has
public service industries, practically all persons held in mind critically though hopefully the prac-
now admit, must either be regulated with re tical applications of psychological doctrine to the
spect to charges and character of service, or must art of living, which these various types of in-
be owned by the State. For the present, the vestigation yield. The first lecture, upon Gen-
author holds private ownership and public super eral Psychology, sets forth the professional and
vision to be practically best, in the United States technical interest which supports the psycholo-
at least. He contemplates for the future an gist in his attempt to analyze the basal processes
increasing range of publicly-owned industries; of the mental operations. Here the bent of the
and expresses hearty approval of the experiments analyst and of the practitioner lie somewhat
in public ownership now under way in the lesser apart, - a divergence of purpose as well as of
American cities. He is less disposed to approve route. The discussion serves to remove the diffi-
of similar experiments in the great cities, where culty experienced by the layman in comprehend-
the political situation presents problems of far ing the magnified proportion which analytic
greater complexity.
problems occupy in the professional mind. This
With respect to the trust question, Professor difficulty is but a phase of the inevitable dis-
Taussig's position may be characterized as some crepancy between research and application. It
what more advanced than that of most of his implies on the part of the public a confidence in
contemporaries. His practical programme in the judgment of the expert and in that wisdom
cludes the establishment of direct federal con born of scholarship, that is liable to develop
trol over all corporations doing an interstate an excessive scholastic absorption in self-made
business, enforced publicity as to the important theories. Modern psychology is fortunate in
details of corporate business, control
business, control of capitali- finding salvation from the danger of the narrow
zation, and perhaps eventually of profits and of interest that for centuries deterinined its lines
prices.
of advance, through the mutual interactions of
Sufficient evidence has been given in the the several sciences dealing with life expressed in
preceding paragraphs to indicate Professor the vitalizing power of evolutionary principles.
Taussig's point of view — a point of view fairly None the less, each science is entitled to the
representative of that of the general body of his development of its own technique and to an
profession. Professor Taussig would be char- intensive absorption in and basal elaboration of
acterized, in the political phraseology of the processes which must be interpreted and dis-
day, as a Progressive. He accepts the existing sected as well as appreciated and applied.
economic system as fundamentally sound, -an The second lecture is devoted to Physiologi-
efficient system, which promotes not merely mate-cal Psychology, and sets forth the commanding
rial progress, but the development of wholesome import of the nervous system as the conditioning
character in the great majority. At the same instrument of the mental functions, of the man-
time, the system is full of evils, some of them ner in which the scope and quality of the senses
inherent, but most of them eradicable if men and muscles, as inlets and outlets of the mind,
would but take thought.
CHAPTERS FROM MODERN PsychOLOGY. By James
ALVIN S. JOHNSON. Rowland Angell. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.


1912.]
227
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a
condition the type and efficiency of the mental and educated and developed to the uses of life.
life. More specifically the third lecture pursues Here a caution is indispensable. The wisdom
the problem of Experimental Psychology, partly of practice is ever to be guided by the insight
in an historical aperçu, by showing how one after conferred by theory. Charlatanism in the field
another of the mental procedures has yielded of mind has always flourished, and short-circuits
to experimental ingenuity, to the control that to learning and the command of human re-
apparatus and set conditions afford, while yet
sources are as misleading in modern as in an-
subject to the commanding condition of the cient guise. It is true that the complications
supreme instrument of research--the mind of of our busy life have brought forward in sharp
the observer as well as the mind of the subject. outline such special problems as the appeal of
Here lie the most distinctive relations differen- advertising and the more detailed analysis of
tiating psychology from other sciences; for the processes which education uses for the ma-
however expert the instrument of research, the turing of mental powers.
mind with its limitations is at once the subject Social and Racial Psychology represent what
and the object of investigation. The conquest in some respects is the dominant interest of the
of the experimental field requires patience and day. The socialization of impulses which are as
technical analysis, as well as common sense, ancient as the race, but which modern society
perspective easily spoiled by crudity of design is putting to new uses, has imposed on psy-
and execution. The peculiar idol of psychol- chology a reconstruction of many of its funda-
ogy may prove to be a love of figures and of mental attitudes and as well has vitalized the
the niceties of experiment for their own sake, older problems, making it necessary for the
and a consequent neglect of the inspiration psychologist of to-day to be a man of the world
which alone gives enduring value, - that of the
that of the rather than or in addition to being a man of
understanding of the problems as dominant and the study and the laboratory. The racial aspects
of the method as subservient to the ends which of mind set the older conditions imposed by
these impose.
nature in the differentiation of species in con-
At this point the field subdivides with refer- trast with the social demands of civilized life,
ence to observation and practical application. which the diverse ends and means of social or-
One phase of this service is indicated by the ganization have introduced. This interest im-
word “clinical.” Abnormal Psychology sug- parts to the psychological manifestations of
gests the meeting place of the practitioner who humanity an historical interpretation. It gives
regards mental health as essential as bodily a valuable cumulative sense of the fact that
health, but whose acquaintance with the vagaries history is but a record of mind applied by
of the mind gone wrong is not quite adequate human ideals to the accomplishment of formu-
to the comprehension of the lesser variations, lated purposes.
the study of which forms the specific field of Man is not the only representative of the
the psychology of the abnormal. From dreams mental kingdom — indeed, in the same sense in
to hypnotism; from the action of drugs to di which he who knows but one language knows
vided and disorganized personalities; from the none is it true that the human mind has only
belief in unusual mental powers that have ac a limited and foreshortened perspective of
companied the development of the human race the range of mental phenomena, unless there
from ancient to modern times to their scientific be added to this equipment an appreciation of
interpretation; in brief, from the normal relations what mind has done for the animal kingdom.
and uses of mental trends to their most abnor-Once more popular impression and exact study
mal manifestations, whether in genius or insan- diverge in interest and result. Animal Psychol-
ity;—all these transitions suggest the widening ogy is valuable no less in reflecting the restric-
of the field, an extension of interest, and an ex tions to which the march of human endowment
pansion of prospect which together contribute has been subject, as in contributing to the com-
an enlarged insight and a comprehensive addi- parative point of view which has proved of such
tion to the field of mind.
large advantage in other fields. The problem
Individual and Applied Psychology set forth presents an example of the general difficulty of
how these several aspects of the mind are con- reducing toexact form the processes that underlie
cretely present in the only data that nature supexpressions manifest enough in their general
plies, namely, the individual mind with indi-bearing but quite concealing their own proce-
vidual endowments, set to a particular purpose dure. In no field has there been such a peculiar


228
[March 16,
THE DIAL
-
temptation to interpret results by the acquired
RECENT ENGLISH CRITICISM OF POETRY.*
and inherent human prejudices as in the under-
standing of animal behavior. “Nature faking
It has wellnigh come about, as Carlyle re-
marked, that “the Creation of a World is little
in the biological sense is quite secondary in
importance to the misconstruction of what is im-
more mysterious than the cooking of a dump-
plied psychologically in animal conduct. This ling"; but the time has not yet arrived when
leads naturally to Professor Angell's conclud.
men may
look
upon Poetry, the creation of an
ing lecture on General Genetic Principles in
immaterial world, with as much certainty and
as little abashment. The note of wonder that
Psychology, which presents the field of endow-
ment as well as of achievement in stages of evolu-
Wordsworth and Coleridge brought into the
tion as well as of accomplishment, and makes it
criticism of poetry has not yet given signs of
obligatory upon psychologists to trace momen-
surrender to pedantry and formalism; and the
tous effects back to small beginnings. To differ- religious attitude toward poetry, synonymous,
entiate between instinct and reason; to observe
to Arnold, with “ The Study of Poetry,”
community of purpose and
process despite con-
poetry as a consolation and an interpretation of
trast of personality and expression ; and in the
the perplexities of life, — has allied itself with
individual as well as in the social field to observe
the attitude of wonder.
how largely and how limitedly nature provides
In the lectures on poetry given by the twenty-
for the psychological vantage of men, —all con-
fourth Professor of Poetry at Oxford, this atti-
tribute to the perplexities of the genetic psy-
tude of wonder has almost, if not quite, gone to
chologist. The concentration of interest in the
seed. Beginning with an excellent characteriza-
evolution of the child to the full stature of adult tion of the formal and technical aspect of poetry
mentality purposely dominates, but its study and insisting, as Mr. Bradley had insisted, that
as “patterned language” or “rhythm in verses,
profits by comparison with other phases and
stages of evolutionary progress.
form and substance are indissoluble, Mr. Mac-
It is important that such judicial surveys of
kail proceeds to seek an analogous definition of
general domains of knowledge should from time poetry as an imaginative expression of life.
to time be made. They serve to keep the intelli-
Milton's description of a true poem as “a com-
gent layman in touch with the advance that oc-
position and pattern of the best and honourablest
cupies the scholar, and provide a rational basis things” is apparently behind the analogy drawn
of appreciation of what may be properly expected
by Mr. Mackail. “Just as the technical art of
of professional pursuit. All sciences are subject poetry consists in making patterns out of lan-
to the benefit as well as the loss of encourage-
guage, so the vital function of poetry consists
ment that influence human action; and to keep
in making patterns out of life.”
psychology vital requires some general apprecia-
terns,” he
he goes on, “are latent and implicit ;
poetry reveals, and in a quite real sense, creates
tion of its purposes and methods. In thus pro-
them. ... This it does by virtue of imagina-
viding the basis of appreciation this volume may
tion, by the potency of the shaping spirit.'
in a worthy manner. Naturally the perspective Clearly, Mr. Mackail's definition is not to be
in a worthy manner. Naturally the perspective frowned upon; properly interpreted and elabo-
of such a survey will vary with the interests and
the appraisals of the surveyor. Professor Angell rated, it would be both sound and fruitful. But
is at once critical and catholic. If the obligations unfortunately the author of the not unilluminat-
which he has imposed upon himself to keep well
ing Springs of Helicon ” has descended to a
within the field of the ascertained, to present type of criticism that one is tempted to call
both sides of all disputed points, and to make no
jugglery. By what intellectual and emotional
excessive drafts on the attention of his audience, processes he reached his conclusions it would be
excessive drafts on the attention of his audience, difficult to say — they scarcely appear in these
have here and there operated against the deci-
siveness of his statements and the appeal of his
essays. Ordinarily he treats his ideas as pretty
presentations, he has at least the excuse that the toys, to be displayed with a childish triumph of
temporal conditions of the lecture-room are less
His “ function of life” and “
ownership.
pat-
favorable than the more studious attitude of the
tern of life" he repeats till one is distraught.
reader. As a survey of the psychological domain, Arnold, it is true, had the vice of inordinate
Professor Angell's latest volume will imme-
* LECTURES ON POETRY. By J. W. Mackail. New York:
Longmans, Green & Co.
diately assume the favored place which its con-
POETS AND POETRY. Being Articles Reprinted from the
spicuous merits warrant.
Literary Supplement of "The Times” (London). By John
JOSEPH JASTROW. Bailey. New York: Oxford University Press.
6. These pat-


1912.]
229
THE DIAL
on the
repetition of phrase, but with a difference: when John Bailey reluctantly admitted of the lecture
one objects to Arnold's repetitions, a technical placed last in the volume, that “there is not,
matter of style is involved; when one winces at to tell the truth, a very great deal in it." Yet
Mr. Mackail's repetitions, it is because so little certain and not slight reservations must be made.
seems to lie behind them. The sense of won The discussion of Arabian poetry is in many
der and religious elevation that poetry surely respects excellent; the lecture on Shakespeare's
evokes in Mr. Mackail becomes, in his criticism, sonnets is eminently worth while, rebuking as
too often an uninspired trifling with incalculably it does the assertions of those who find in the
great things. Is it possible that so staunch a sonnets a history of Shakespeare's life and those
follower of Rossetti and Swinburne, braced with who label them ingenious literary exercises.
the robust All's-well doctrines of Browning, is Still more worth while is the lecture on Virgil
verge of a disillusionment? Or is it and Virgilianism, which is at the same time en-
simply a matter of lapsing into impotence? tirely readable and scholarly, and which presents
It may be that Mr. Mackail's scientific inter a very acceptable solution to the problem of the
ests are at the root of this trifling and ineffec Culex. And indeed throughout the volume one
tualness. Everything, he says somewhere, is in will come upon passages in which erudition is
a state of flux. The notion of a hostility be blended refreshingly with literary felicity and
tween science and poetry is baseless; and then that tone of urbanity which Arnold may almost
he re-defines poetry as “the projection on a be said to have introduced into English literary
visible plane of a vast and exceedingly complex criticism.
criticism. These things one will find in Mr.
mass of poetical tendencies and potentialities. Mackail's latest volume, and they are not to be
One of his lectures, “The Progress of Poetry,” set aside lightly, however deficient that volume
is a deliberate application of evolutionary ideas may be in the higher qualities of criticism.
to poetry; the title is suggested by Gray, the Mr. John Bailey's book is a collection of re-
lecture itself by Darwinian science. The prog- views reprinted from the literary supplement of
ress of poetry is not necessarily one toward per. the London “ Times,” — twenty-two reviews, on
fection; like “all other vital functions " poetry subjects ranging from Chaucer to Meredith, in
must have movement, and, like history, never a volume of only two hundred pages. In the
repeats itself. We may study the movements of nature of the case the result is somewhat frag-
the past, as the historian does, but can say noth- mentary; but Mr. Bailey brings to his task a
ing of the future. Incidentally, Mr. Mackail responsive gusto and a degree of thoughtfulness,
points to the exuberance of minor poetry as an together with a conciseness of expression, that
instance of “the enormous wastefulness of Na- go far to make the book not only readable but
ture,” uses in combination such terms as demand profitable. For him poetry is a radiance of light
and supply, and shows an ominous familiarity illuminating all existence; and criticism is
with “ the most recent physical doctrine,"
another kind of radiance of light, the purpose
treatise by Sir Oliver Lodge on the Ether of of which is to illuminate poetry. Whatever one
Space. As a consequence, it may be, of this may think of this view of criticism, one must at
influence, his style sinks at times to what Carlyle least grant that Mr. Bailey frequently accom-
would surely have called a base lingo:
plishes his
purpose. He “surrenders ” himself
“ Poetry, like life, is always beginning afresh. In
- to use his own word — to wellnigh every poet
all the embodiments of itself through which it passes it that he discusses, acts the spy diligently, and
is mixed with matter. To that matter it gives life; by reports in terse language what he has learned.
its incorporation in that matter it makes its own life
visible and sensible. But the matter tends to encroach
He has the same cbarity for Shelley as for Dr.
upon the vital spirit which informs it; poetry becomes Johnson, yet without the open-mouthed and
encumbered by its own creations. It has to shake itself often empty-mouthed admiration of not a few
free from them, volatilise for a new condensation." modern critics. In the course of his sympa-
This, then, is the style and habit of thought that thetic and thoughtful chatting, he says many
proceeds from the combination of Coleridgean good things, condenses aptly impressions that
wonder with scientific study; or, to adopt Mr. we all had vaguely, and moves with ease as well
Mackail's manner of language, this is the seed as reverence in the domains of high poetry.
that results from the fertilization of the pistillate That he is always sound is not to be expected ;
flower of modern romanticism by the pollen of in his judgment Wordsworth and Pater are both
evolutionary science.
true Platonists, despite their predilection for
One is compelled to admit, on completing a revery
and for intuition not based on reason,
reading of Mr. Mackail's latest work, as Mr. and Wordsworth (whose lesser half was Rous-
a


230
[March 16,
THE DIAL
seau) is less like Rousseau than any man who The explanation is that Professor Fournier pub-
ever lived.” In general, however, Mr. Bailey's lished his first edition about twenty years ago,
clear and sober thinking and really large fund and a translation was undertaken by the late
of information enable him to spend his sympathy Professor E. G. Bourne. The work was de-
with discretion. The following, from * Scott's layed, and appeared finally only a few months
Poetry,” is typical:
before Fournier began to publish a revised edi.
“ It is a poetry that uses its eyes but not its mind. tion. Changes in this revised edition, completed
It asks no questions and belongs very emphatically to in 1906, and including new matter amounting
the age before responsibility for the universe was in-
to about a ninth of the whole, have given occa-
vented. It is an external poetry, enjoying its own mo-
tion, dancing with youth and joy in the open air and
sion for a second translation, issued in two
the animal pleasure of being alive. Obviously it loses
volumes, instead of one as before. The student
much by being only that; but after all it is fair to re of Napoleonic affairs would welcome this trans-
member how much it gains by being that. Here is a lation unreservedly had not the translator taken
poetry which is not doggerel, and which yet sticks in
the memory of a schoolboy, a boatman, or a private of
unexplained liberties, omitting or abridging
the Guards, as nothing else but doggerel would. Here
many of Fournier's notes and venturing in a few
is the language of a scholar and a gentleman, the eye
of instances to alter statements of the text.
a poet, the ear of no mean master of the art of metre, Professor Fournier is regarded as one of the
and the result is what a soldier can march to and a
most authoritative writers on the Napoleonic
child understand. That is no mean achievement; it is
what no one since Scott has achieved.”
period. As Rose has drawn especially from the
But no sooner does the author get under way,
papers in the British Record Office, and Sorel
from the French archives, so Fournier has made
than he must turn to another phase of his sub-
ject, with a journalistic “ There is one other
a large use of the archives at Vienna. His work
thing" that disappoints while it stimulates.
is distinguished by a commendable absence of
rhetoric, and by definiteness in statements of
NORMAN FOERSTER.
fact. From his treatment it is easy to grasp
the distinction between the French empire and
that “Grand Empire” which came into existence
SOME NEW STUDIES OF NAPOLEON.*
after Austerlitz. As might be expected of an
The remark is often made, with every appear- Austrian, he gives a more sympathetic and intel-
ance of conviction, that in history general con ligible presentation of Austrian diplomacy in the
ditions of society or processes of change are critical months from December 1812 to April
more significant than the deeds of individual 1814. He does not credit Metternich with that
men, however great their genius. But the mat Machiavellian shrewdness which Metternich was
ter would evidently be decided the other way on not averse to ascribing to himself, and which
a referendum. Biography is still the historical hostile critics have unhesitatingly ascribed to
“ best seller.” There is no break in the suc him. Fournier believes that Metternich's policy
cession of studies of that most notable of all
was dictated by the perception of Austria's weak-
modern geniuses, Napoleon. Indeed, with the ness, by a desire to recover territories of which
new year began the publication in Paris of an
Napoleon had despoiled her, and by fears that
important historical review having his career if he demanded too much all would be lost or
and his influence upon the nineteenth century rival states would gain undue advantages.
as the principal theme, and bearing the title Fournier gives little space
to subtle analyses
Revue des Etudes Napoléoniennes.
of Napoleon's character. The reader is left to
It seems singular that we should have two
make his own generalizations. Occasionally,
translations of Fournier's Life of Napoleon. however, the author states frankly his concep-
* NAPOLEON I. A Biography. By August Fournier. Trans-
tion of the man and his significance. Writing
lated by A. E. Adams. In two volumes. Illustrated. New of Napoleon's warlike policy in 1802, he says
York: Henry Holt & Co.
that had Napoleon been a Frenchman he would
THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON. By Arthur Hassall. Illus-
trated. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
bave rested content to see France play a leading
NAPOLEON AND HIS CORONATION. By Frédéric Masson. part among
the
powers of Europe ; but neither
Translated by Frederic Cobb. Illustrated. Philadelphia :
his patriotism nor his ambition were French.
J. B. Lippincott Co.
NAPOLEON AND King Murat. By Albert Espitalier. Corsica had disowned him, and henceforth his
Translated by J. Lewis May. Illustrated. New York: John | ambition lacked the wholesome restraint of na-
Lane Co.
tional boundaries, and had become a thing at
With NAPOLEON AT WATERLOO, and Other Papers. By
the late Edward Bruce Low. Edited by MacKenzie Mac-
once gigantic, embracing the whole world in its
Bride. Illustrated. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co. sweep, and infinitely paltry — the selfish greed


1912.]
231
THE DIAL
In an ap-
of an individual.” But Professor Fournier be- Fournier repeats in a mild form, it was ex-
lieves that while striving apparently to carry out pressly provided in the official order of service
his own purposes Napoleon derived his real force that the Emperor “will ascend to the altar, take
from being an unconscious instrument of “that the crown, place it on his head, and, taking that
civilization of humanity at which the intellectual of the Empress in his hands, will crown her.”
forces had been laboring for centuries," and At every stage of the preparations, says M.
which was introducing a higher social order. Masson, Napoleon took an intense interest, and
Mr. Arthur Hassall also treats Napoleon's “ refined and added, and demanded more pomp,
whole career, but in a summary fashion. He pageantry, and actors.” The cost of the whole
has attempted to solve the baffling problem of was about twenty million francs.
explaining the principal facts of his biography pendix are the official descriptions of the cos-
in seventy-five thousand words. This demands, tumes with itemized statements of expense. One
above all, definiteness and brevity of statement. thing M. Masson does not venture to explain –
Mr. Hassall has the fault of alluding to facts the reasons which moved Napoleon to crown
rather than stating them. He is repetitious, Josephine, contrary to the precedents of four
and interjects irrelevant reflections. The con centuries, during which only one French queen,
sequences of the battle of Austerlitz are stated Marie de Medici, had been crowned. Why
in substantially the same language four times should he flout public opinion by calling such
within eleven pages. This is not a typical case, attention to a woman whose history could not
but it shows that the task of organizing the adorn pinnacles of glory? “Why? Doubtless
material within narrow compass has not been because he had no sense of humor. He calmly
accomplished.
did what no Parisian, no European, would have
The books of Masson and Espitalier treat dared. It was enough that the woman was
special events or phases of Napoleon's career : pleasing to him, and that he had chosen her.”
the first, the reasons for and manner of his While M. Espitalier gives an account of
coronation ; the second, his relations with Murat Murat's relations to Napoleon from the time
from 1808 to 1814. What Fournier sums up Napoleon made him king of Naples, the theme of
in eighteen lines, Espitalier explains in five the volume is the defection of Murat completed
hundred pages. Fournier gives a page and a by the treaty of January 11, 1814. All the
half to Masson's subject. This does not imply way through, M. Espitalier's work is based on
that either Espitalier or Masson have wasted a careful study of the documents. Through
space by descending into unnecessary details ; the researches of Commandant Weil, a mass of
it illustrates the fact that even a two or three material on Murat has been recently published;
volume biography of Napoleon must leave many but M. Espitalier has supplemented this by his
interesting features of his career almost un own researches. In the earlier chapters he seems
touched.
to display towards Murat a captious spirit, find-
The interest of M. Masson's book is derived ing it strange that he desired to be a real mon-
from the minuteness of his information in re arch and was not content to remain a faithful
gard to all the details of Napoleon's coronation viceroy of Napoleon. Some things may be
and the careful preparations for it. His opinion alleged in excuse of this innkeeper's son, the
as to whether Napoleon gained or lost by the most glorious cavalier among all Napoleon's
transaction is of secondary importance, because generals. Since his marriage to Caroline Bona-
this matter has been discussed many times; but parte in 1800 he had been trained in a school of
the preparations for the coronation have never parvenus, and naturally concluded that he had
found so painstaking a chronicler. The prob- a claim to share in the prodigious fortunes of
lems connected with the ceremony were so intri the family. What wonder that patience and
cate that four different editions were prepared modesty were not among his merits? M. Espi-
of the “Extract from the Ceremonial Relating talier says, however, that it was a traitress, rather
to the Consecration of their Imperial Majesties. than a traitor, who was responsible for the Janu-
The forms chosen were selected in part from the ary treaty, and that this person was Caroline
old French ceremonial aud the Roman service- Bonaparte. The defeat at Leipsic, which he
book. To these were added new prayers and had witnessed, caused Murat to listen to over-
some ceremonies unknown to either Reims or tures from Metternich; but Caroline did not
Rome. All questions of ceremonial were gone wait for news from that fatal field before she
over with the Pope before the day of corona concluded to open negotiations with Austria.
tion. Contrary to the traditional story, which The event showed that Murat was not content


232
[March 16,
THE DIAL
with the guarantee of his crown which Metter medical and social progress. High tribute is paid to
nich was ready to give, and that he hoped to
the noble and merciful ideal which inspires this
force Austria to give him at least all Italy south propaganda, but the reader will not be blinded to
of the Po. The way he played his game, trying
the scientific and social consequences which flow
to hoodwink both the Austrians and Napoleon,
from this idealistic but misdirected zeal for the im-
mediate welfare of a few of the countless animals
was shameless; but the reason for it was the
which man turns to higher uses. The relation of
weakness of his position quite as much as the
alcohol and alcoholism to surgery, the obstacles it
crookedness of his character. To attempt to raises to anæsthesia, the reduction in powers of
force the hand of a power of the first class, when resistance to germs and of recuperative capacity
he had an army of less than thirty thousand, was attendant upon the use of this what the author
sheer folly. Metternich easily outmanæuvred calls a protoplasmic — poison, are set forth in no
him, and the result was the treaty in which his equivocal terms. The present status of the surgeon
treachery to his brother-in-law stood revealed. in society as related to the general practitioner, to
The terms of the treaty were a bitter disappoint-
the hospital, to the charity clinic, to the wealthy
ment, for he was promised only territory suffi-
client, and to the less fortunate patient of moderate
cient to add four hundred thousand subjects.
means who does not deign to accept charity and can
ill afford a year's income as a fee, is fully discussed,
Another Napoleonic volume, edited by Mr.
and a solution of the social and professional prob-
MacKenzie MacBride, includes papers on Water lems which these relationships create our sanguine
loo and on the Peninsular campaigns. One of author foresees in the growing socialization of the
the diaries also gives an account of English surgeon's profession. The freer use of the hospital
campaigning in Egypt in 1799. The miscel by all classes, especially under the encouragement
laneous character of the collection is shown by of the Government Insurance Act, and the prompter
the inclusion of Sergeant Dickson's account of resort to the knife as a means of prevention of dis-
the charge of the Scots Greys, told forty years
ease and social deterioration, portend a wider and
afterwards over the cups at a coffee-house.
more effective service for this noble profession, un-
less perchance the future growth of Listerism-in
The diaries of Sergeant Nicol and of Sergeant
other words, of our control of disease germs by pre-
Robertson are more interesting, and portray life ventive methods - shall rob even the surgeon's
in the army from the point of view of the soldier.
knife of its task.
The editor of the volume takes the complacent
British view that Napoleon's successes are to be Memories and
As the first of a trilogy entitled “Hail
musings of an
accounted for by the fact that neither he nor
and Farewell,” Mr. George Moore's
“Ave” makes its appearance with a
his officers were pitted against British generals
until the Peninsular and Waterloo campaigns.
prefatory note by the publishers of the American
edition (Appleton) explaining that the English re-
Napoleon's "conventional methods of warfare
viewers of the book have done it an injustice in
were good enough for the Russian peasants or treating it as a mere volume of reminiscences. The
the Portuguese and Spaniards.”
author, we are assured, “has rather tried to pro-
HENRY E. BOURNE.
duce something quite different. His intentions were
to take a certain amount of material and to model it
just as he would do in a novel. The people in his
book are not personalities; they are types of human
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
characters. Edward Martyn, for instance, is, in Mr.
The creation of sound public opinion Moore's own words, as typical of Ireland as Sancho
and his place in on many important social phases of Panza is of Spain. . . . Yeats is not only the man
modern society. the surgical profession is the under who has gone to America to explain the Abbey
lying motive of Dr. C. W. Saleeby's latest work, Theatre, to the American people; he is the typical
“Surgery and Society: A Tribute to Listerism” literary fop. Gill as he appears in the first volume
(Moffat, Yard & Co.). The author is abundantly represents the posthumous intelligence- or should I
qualified to deal with this subject because of his say the disembodied intelligence which Catholic super-
own medical training and experience. He wields stitions create.' A philosophy is indicated between
a facile and wonted pen in his presentation of the the lines if the interviewer cares to read between the
state of surgical practice - it can scarcely be desig lines. This philosophy will transpire in the volume
nated science — prior to the discovery of anæsthesia entitled "Salve' which is to follow.” The final
and of antiseptic as well as aseptic surgery. Against volume of this autobiographic-philosophic trilogy is
this foil of horror, pain, gangrene, and frightful to be called “Vale.” There is much curious observa-
mortality in military and maternity hospitals, the tion and reflection in the work, and excellent charac-
epoch-making achievements of Lord Lister are por. ter-painting occurs in abundance. Mr. Moore's
trayed in their true relation. Incidentally the anti readers do not need to be told that his peculiarities
vivisectionist is revealed in the role of obstructor of of style, his conceptions of literary art, give their
Irish author.
The surgeon


1912.]
233
THE DIAL
now
unmistakable character to these pages. Occasional and impetuous character. The etchings, of which
details that one need not be unduly squeamish to twenty-five double-page plates serve as illustrations,
regard as unornamental and inartistic are rendered do not lose in charm as much as one would expect
with frank distinctness. Probably the book will for from their great reduction in size, and the volume
this reason appeal to many with all the more force, as a whole is one to justify the biographer's claim
while others will inevitably be repelled. At any that Piranesi is of the utmost value to the architect
rate, it is not a commonplace production, even though of to-day, and particularly to the student of the
it does incidentally treat of some commonplace things. early Renaissance.
Others that are not commonplace are there in plenty.
The author of “Sherman's March to
Memories of
A great
The poetry of ruins, especially in the
the Sea,” Major Samuel H. M. Byers,
the Civil War.
architectural
ruins of ancient Rome, is something
presents some of his war-time memo-
etcher.
so universally conceded that ries in a brisk and at times thrilling narrative to
probably few persons realize how really modern is which, without explanation or apology, he has given
this attitude of mind; still fewer realize how much the title of the popular Sienkiewicz romance, “With
it is due to the insight of one man Giovanni
Fire and Sword.” But, under whatever name, the
Battista Piranesi. For centuries, the debris of an. | book is well able to stand on its own merits. The
tique art in Italy had lain half submerged, dismissed author's eagerness for military adventure in those
from the care of men and abolished from their recol. youthful days when volunteers were called for to
lections. In company with Winckelmann, it was defend the Union, his determination to be in the
Piranesi who helped to drag them, as it were, to thick of every fight even though his duties as quar-
the light once more; and he lent his etcher's needle termaster sergeant compelled him to provide a substi-
to bring about an extension of the knowledge of the tute to perform those duties whenever the prospect
beautiful to that heritage of art which the world of a battle lured him to the front, the fifteen months
owned but had overlooked. People awoke, recog-
of awful prison life and of repeated attempts to es-
nized, admired, and wondered how blind they and cape, the circumstances attending his writing of his
their forefathers had been, and proceeded to redis famous war ballad in prison, and his final recovery
cover architecture in Italy. A century and a half
of freedom by a bold and artful stratagem — these
has passed since his best work appeared, and Mr. and many other matters go to make up one of the
Arthur Samuel, in a book called “Piranesi” (Scrib- best accounts of army experience that the Civil War
ner), justly considers that the time is ripe to redis has been instrumental in giving to the reading pub-
cover this neglected artist and to give him the credit lic. Major Byers gained the reward of his gallantry
that he really deserves. In that category, he places when Sherman made him a member of his staff and
not only his influence on the art of etching, but also selected him to carry to Grant the first official re-
on archæology, on the architecture and decoration port of the successful “march to the sea."
associated with the names of the brothers Adam, and as a corporal in Company B of the Fifth Iowa Infan-
on the furniture designs of Chippendale, Sheraton, try that the young patriot entered his country's serv-
and their successors. Piranesi was one of those for. ice in 1861, and he saw some hot fighting under
tunate men who have appeared at the juncture when
Grant in those early years of the war, being finally
their skill and individuality afford the greatest serv taken prisoner at Chattanooga and suffering the hard-
ice. Architectural etching culminated with him. ships of confinement in Libby Prison and afterward
His successors are all able to reproduce more or less at Columbia, S.C. His regiment almost fought itself
of his characteristics, but up to the present they out of existence, being reduced by the fortunes of
have suggested no improvement or further develop war from one thousand men to two hundred and
ment of the art as he left it. In English furniture, twenty-three. These figures will show that the
many splendid examples now called by various other author's pages have no lack of stirring incidents and
names might be classed more truly as “ Piranesi exciting scenes. A portrait of General Sherman
furniture.” It was the admiration inspired by the and one of Major Byers illustrate the book. (Neale
publication of his Roman etchings that checked the Publishing Co.)
tendency among English furniture-makers to slip
Few save specialists realize that for
away towards the rococo. The points to be noted history of the writing of the history of the
in what may be called a piece of “ Piranesi furni California. Pacific coast there exists a mass of
ture are as follows: a noble simplicity of outline, material quite comparable with that from which the
but treated in such a way as to be entirely English history of the Atlantic coast has been so volumi-
in character; carved mouldings similar to those on nously and so minutely written. Workers within the
classic stone work; a suggestion of Renaissance feel field have been few, and the widely scattered and in
ing or inspiration lending lightness, color, and sali some measure inaccessible sources of information
ency to the whole, in places where a piece made have only begun to be exploited. A good many
from Chippendale's designs would be found heavy, years ago Mr. Hubert Howe Bancroft brought to-
dull, and uninteresting. The man Piranesi is shown gether a collection of upwards of one hundred and
in Mr. Samuel's pages to be quite as interesting as fifty volumes of documents pertaining to the history
the artist, recalling Benvenuto Cellini in his fiery of the Far West in general. But even this remark-
It was
The earlier


234
[March 16,
THE DIAL
ness.
able body of material, now the property of the Uni error is not, and the difference appears through the
versity of California, is at no point exhaustive, and strain of the conduct of life. ... Science .
it remains for the student of virtually any aspect of cannot grasp any truth in final or absolute complete-
Pacific coast history to delve in the archives of Ma-
But science may grasp certain relations of
drid, Seville, and Mexico City (not to mention the truth and certain phases of reality, and may state
Library of Congress and other American reposi these in terms of previous human experience. Such
tories), if he would compass the limits of his subject. versions or transcripts of reality are truth, and they
A volume which is the fruit of thoroughgoing re represent actual verity as far as they go.” One of
search of this character is “California under Spain the most interesting chapters in the book from a
and Mexico, 1535–1847” (Houghton), by Mr. | philosophic standpoint is that wherein Dr. Jordan
Irving B. Richman. Beginning with the explora- shows that Monism, despite its loudly colored scien-
tion of Alta (or Upper) California by Juan Rodri tific garb, is nothing but poetry after all, and (one
guez Cabrillo in 1542-43, Mr. Richman describes might add) rather indifferent poetry at that. Of
in detail the opening of California by the Spaniards, lighter interest is the chapter on “Reality and Illu-
the establishment of the missions, the planting of sion," in which Dr. Jordan displays a comprehensive
political and social institutions, the growth of inter- knowledge of all the illusions and delusions of this
national rivalries, the movement for Californian inde mad world, from clairvoyant methods of silver.
pendence, the Pacific coast phases of the war between mining to astral Atlantic transit of thoughts and
the United States and Mexico, and the circumstances bodies. The reader will lay down this book with
lying back of the acquisition of California by the admiration of its author's catholicity of spirit and
United States. The book has been written almost en (it is to be hoped) with agreement that “the life of
tirely from manuscript sources, and the earlier por action verifies and validates the world of realities,
tions of it largely from materials hitherto unused. -a declaration that is the gist of the pragmatic
The work has been done in a painstaking manner, philosophy.
and the product must be adjudged distinctly credit-
able to American historical scholarship. The text,
M.Emile Faguet's latest volume bears
Fallacies of the the engaging title of “The Cult of
besides being fortified by a hundred and fifty pages
of closely-printed critical notes, is illuminated by a
Incompetence" (Dutton). Coming
score of maps and charts, several of them never here
from a member of the French Academy, it has ex-
tofore reproduced. It is of interest to note that
erted a rather wide influence upon the philosophic-
with respect to the much disputed question of Cap ally minded of French politicians. Transferred to
tain John C. Fremont's complicity in the so-called
English, the treatment carries with it too strongly
Bear Flag revolt of June, 1846, Mr. Richman holds
the oratorical flavor, and too constantly the attempt
not merely, as do most writers, that the young engi-
at clever expression. Viewed intimately the essay
neer assisted in instigating the movement, but also
is concerned with the psychology of democracy; its
that in doing so he was, as substantiated both by
basal position regards as inherent in the democratic
documents and by his own subsequent admission, expression the desire that its rulers be of the people
deliberately disregarding the instructions of the
and like the people, and for this end sacrifices all
Government.
other benefits. The inevitable consequence of the
resulting political government is incompetence, since
So much has philosophy been popu the people having no competence for government
A pragmatic
larized by its treatment at the hands yet democratically insist upon control of administra-
of the late Professor James that peo tion, of the judiciary, and of legislation. All this
ple who would never have thought of asking the old is traced back to a marked psychological trait of
Pilatean question, "What is truth?” may now be democracy that declines to recognize superiority of
heard every day asking, "What is pragmatism?”
“What is pragmatism?” capacity or of any other type, and finds in treating
While pragmatism is, at the very least, two things as equal what really is not equal the satisfaction of
a method in philosophy and a view of reality, personal self-assertion. M. Faguet treats this theme
and as one philosophic writer has claimed to identify with more direct reference to philosophy and his-
thirteen different "pragmatisms," a reply to the tory than would be the case in the hands of an
question might seem rather hopeless. It will not be equally independent American thinker. The same
hopeless, however, if the inquirers will refer to Pro radical question of the compatibility of democracy
fessor David Starr Jordan's little book, “The Sta with efficiency is engaging serious students in France
bility of Truth : A Discussion of Reality as Related as in America; both point to the strong contrast be-
to Thought and Action " (Holt). Dr. Jordan takes tween the efficiency of private corporations and the
an eminently sane view of the world in which we incompetence of political rule. The value of the
live, and he presents that view with dignity and book lies in taking the issue away from the political
with a simplicity that will give him the largest pos platform and back to the fundamental position of
sible audience for a book of serious character. “ The the philosophy and psychology of the political atti-
purpose of this book," says its author, “is to set tude, for this is the view that must ultimately pre-
forth the doctrine that the final test of truth is found vail. Like the admirable analysis of Mr. Graham
in trusting our lives to it. Truth is livable while Wallas in his “Human Nature in Politics,” this ap-
outlook.


1912.]
235
THE DIAL
proach, though it has no appeal for the crowd and on that low-lying spot of sandy desolation. How
is likely to be disregarded by the politically am they economized their resources and eked out their
bitious, makes for statesmanship.
rations with seal and albatross, how they tinkered
up a condenser for supplying them with fresh water
The life-story
The greatest financier of our time,
of a wizard and, in the magnitude of his opera-
when rains were infrequent, how four of the men
of finance.
set out in the captain's gig for the Sandwich Islands
tions, of all time, is the hero of an
a thousand miles away to summon aid, and how only
engrossing narrative from the pen of Mr. Carl
one reached his destination alive-all this and much
Hovey. "The Life Story of J. Pierpont Morgan”
else is crammed into the terse diary account of the
(Sturgis & Walton Co.) follows in some detail the
rise of Mr. Morgan from his first inconspicuous paymaster of the ill-fated vessel. Illustrations from
place in his father's banking house to undisputed drawings made at the time are given, and also
leadership in the world of finance. The
photographs.
personal
and private aspect of the man barely appears, though
The bane of our present-day investi-
A neglected
the final chapter does attempt to present “the man literary type.
gation in the modern languages, it has
himself” apart from his business interests. Full
been charged, is its mediævalism.
and interesting are the accounts of his achieve- Nevertheless, it is safe to predict that the Middle
ments in building up and consolidating railroad Ages will continue to furnish much of the materials
systems, in financing the United States Steel Corpo for our doctors’ theses for some time to come; the
ration, and in other large operations. In describ-
field affords specific problems, and it has by no
ing the underwriting of the immense steel corpora-
means been exhausted as yet. Among the neglected
tion, the author rather puzzles one with some of his
problems belonging peculiarly to this field is that
details. He makes eight thousand dollars to be
of the history and influence of the so-called political
twelve and one-half per cent of one hundred thou- prophecy,— a species of prophecy literary in form,
sand-once explicitly, and twice by implication.
but written, either ostensibly or actually, for political
But slips of this sort will show him to belong rather
purposes. A painstaking study of this genre from
to the world of letters than to Wall Street and the
the point of view of the British versions has recently
world of finance, and thus may inspire greater con-
been made by Dr. Rupert Taylor in his volume
fidence in his book as written impartially and from
entitled “The Political Prophecy in England”
a sufficient distance to gain the proper perspective. (Columbia University Press). The author shows
In fact, he himself declares at the outset: “As for that the political prophecy first flourished in En-
the book, let it be said at once that it was con-
gland in the twelfth century, having been introduced
ceived and written independently by the author; by Geoffrey of Monmouth, and that it attained its
there was never the least influence or dictation from greatest vogue in the thirteenth and fourteenth cen-
without. The material was gathered because the
turies. In the fifteenth century it fell into disfavor,
subject was interesting and the opportunities lay
and in Shakespeare's time it came to be a favorite
close at hand.” The portraits and other illustra- subject of burlesque. The species had become ex-
tions that embellish the text are appropriate and
tinct in Great Britain by the end of the seventeenth
good, and the priut is unusually clear and free from century. In the earlier versions the leading rôle is
taken by the wizard Merlin; and in the later versions
Thomas à Becket plays a prominent part. The type
As long ago as 1880 Dr. Edward
A wreck and
Everett Hale, after reading his friend
appears to have enjoyed a wide popularity, and ex-
in the Pacific. Mr. George H. Read's manuscript able influence on political events.
ercised at one time, so Mr. Taylor thinks, consider-
account of the wreck of the United States steamship
“Saginaw” on a reef off Ocean Island in the Pacific,
commended it highly, and took it home with him
from Washington - perhaps to share his enjoyment
BRIEFER MENTION.
with his family. Now, at last, a re-reading of his
The Home University Library" of Messrs. Henry
distinguished friend's words of praise has combined
Holt & Co. is now extended, by the publication of sev-
with the suggestions and advice of others to decide
eral new issues, to about thirty volumes. The excellence
Mr. Read to offer his narrative, under the title of these little books, together with their low price, should
“The Last Cruise of the Saginaw” (Houghton), to bring them into many homes, to say nothing of the schools
the book-reading public.
The author was paymas-
for whose purposes they are singularly well adapted.
ter of the "Saginaw,” which in its last cruise was
The most attractive of the new lot of titles are Mr. G. H.
engaged in carrying supplies to the Midway Islands, Mair's “ English Literature,” Professor Giles's “Civili-
zation of China,” Dr. William Barry's “The Papacy and
where the enlarging of a channel leading into the
Modern Times,” and Professor Frederic L. Paxson's
harbor was in progress. It was on her home voyage
6. The Civil War."
that the vessel, going out of her way to pick up any
We have received several new volumes of The Com-
chance victims of shipwreck on Ocean Island, was
plete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche,” issued, under the
herself wrecked on an outlying reef of that island. editorial charge of Dr. Oscar Levy, by the Macmillan Co.
Luckily no lives were lost, but for nearly six months The volumes now at hand include “Early Greek Phi-
the ship's company had a grim fight for existence 1 losophy and Other Essays,” translated by Mr. Maxi-
errors.
a rescue


236
[March 16,
THE DIAL
milian A. Mügge; the second part of “ Human All-Too the Crowell Co., and will be found useful for reference.
Human,” translated by Mr. Paul V. Cohn; “The Case of The guide to “Königskinder,” by Messrs. Isaaes and
Wagner,” to which the posthumous “We Philologists” Rahlson, published by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co., is a
is appended, translated by Mr. A. M. Ludovici and Mr. synopsis of Humperdinck's beautiful work, with thematic
J. M. Kennedy; “ The Dawn of Day,” translated by illustrations and pictures. Finally, we may mention
Mr. J. M. Kennedy; and “ The Twilight of the Idols, two pamphlets on “The Magic Flute," by Mr. Edward
translated by Mr. A. M. Ludovici. These volumes are J. Dent, one of them a “history and interpretation" of
numbered, respectively, two, seven, eight, nine, and the opera, the other an English translation. These book-
sixteen. Eighteen volumes are to be included in the lets are from Messrs. W. Heffer & Sons, Cambridge,
complete set.
England.
One is almost tempted to say that we get the most Lovers of folk-lore will welcome the volume of “Myths
thorough studies of men and periods in English liter and Legends of Alaska" (McClurg), compiled and edited
ature from the group of younger French scholars who by Miss Katharine Benson Judson. This is a collection
have made our literature their chosen field of research. of some three score of the commonest folk-tales current
Dr. Floris Delattre is the latest of this company to make among the Alaskan Indians. The raven is the chief
us his debtor, and his “ Robert Herrick" (Paris: Alcan) figure in these legends. It was at the command of Raven
is a monograph which for solid scholarship and sympa that the world came into being, that man was created,
thetic appreciation could not readily be matched by a that the flood was sent upon the earth, and it was through
work of English origin upon the subject. As a by his agency that fire was brought down from heaven and
product of his labors in connection with Herrick, M. that the tides were made to ebb and flow. Other animals
Delattre has also given us (in English) a treatise on that figure prominently are the porcupine, the beaver,
“ English Fairy Poetry from the Origins to the Seven the walrus, and the whale. Miss Benson has reproduced
teenth Century” (Frowde) — an interesting study of a these tales in a simple, terse English, approximating as
fascinating subject, for which he has placed students of nearly as possible the style of the natives; at the same
our literature deeply in his debt.
time, she has taken no liberties with the matter of her
The “Viking Edition" of Ibsen, now published in originals. Upwards of fifty full-page illustrations, de-
handsome library form by the Messrs. Scribner, extends picting life and customs among the Alaskans, add to the
to thirteen volumes. The popular edition, as edited by attractiveness of the volume.
Mr. William Archer, is here reproduced as to text, with The country parishes of England furnish attractive
the accessories of improved typography, fine paper, a fields for the student of the lore and legend of the En-
dignitied binding, and upwards of forty illustrations. glish Church. Some of them possess a deeper interest
The translations are the familiar ones fathered by Mr. and enjoy world-wide fame because of the incumbency
Archer, excepting “Love's Comedy” and “Brand," therein, at one time or another in the last three centuries,
which are given us (as before) in the remarkable poet of men who will always live in the world of Anglo-
ical versions of Professor C. H. Herford. Eleven vol-
Saxon thought. It is of visits to several of these parishes
umes of this edition contain the twenty-one dramatic that Mr. Ezra S. Tipple, of Drew Theological Seminary,
works; the twelfth gives us the supplementary volume writes in his book entitled “Some Famous Country Par-
entitled “From Ibsen's Workshop”; the thirteenth repro ishes” (Eaton & Mains). He gives us some delightful
duces Mr. Gosse's biography.
sketches of Hạrsley, Bemerton, Madeley, Kidderminster,
“ Books for Boys and Girls" is the title of a handy Somersby, and Eversley; and of John Keble, George
list of more than fifteen hundred carefully selected works Herbert, John Fletcher, Richard Baxter, the Tennysons,
for older children, issued in pamphlet form by the New and Charles Kingsley. The book is by no means ex-
ark (N. J.) Free Public Library. Of course some re haustive of the parishes of England thus made famous.
striction has been imposed by the limit of the Newark The selection was doubtless based upon individual pre-
Library's resources, the selection being from books on its ferences; but it was a wise selection, and it presents the
shelves. It is a useful and a well-printed little booklet. names of persons of whom we love to read. The illus-
· Popular Books for Boys and Girls” is the title of a trations are from photographs by the author.
somewhat similar list prepared by Miss Carrie E. Scott, The collection of “One Hundred Folk Songs of
assistant organizer, Public Library Commission of Indi All Nations " which Mr. Granville Bantock has edited
ana, and published by the Commission. The titles are
for the “ Musician's Library” of the Messrs. Ditson, is
grouped according to school-grades, from one to eight, one of the most attractive and valuable works now
the first two grades forming one class; and about one included in that admirable series. Mr. Bantock con-
hundred and fifty juvenile favorites, both in fiction and tributes no introductory essay, but gives us instead
of a more instructive character, are listed.
notes upon the hundred songs, and an extensive biblio-
A series of little books on “Famous Operas" is pub graphy of the literature of folk-music. Practically all
lished by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. Each volume has countries and races are represented, each by from one
a historical introduction (including a synopsis of the to four examples, excepting Germany, which has eleven.
plot) followed by the text in both the original language The American examples are “ Dixie,” “Tenting on the
and English translation. The three volumes now at Old Camp Ground," and “Old Folks at Home," be-
band are devoted to “ Aïda,” “Carmen," and “ Tristan sides two native pieces of Pawnee and Dakota origin.
und Isolde," and are all edited by Mr. W. J. Henderson. An important feature of this work is that with every
We are not told who is responsible for the translations song the original text is given (transliterated when
offered, but we recommend them to the attention of the necessary) together with an English translation. A
misguided people who think that these works should Chinaman, an Arab, a Turk, or Finn might sing his
be sung in English, and who airily dismiss the objection national music directly from these pages. This is a
that translations adequate for the purpose are practically veritable treasure-house of melodies familiar and un-
impossible to make. A volume of “Opera Synopses,' familiar, for which we cannot be too grateful to the
prepared by Mr. J. Walker MeSpadden, is published by scholarly editorial work of Mr. Bantock. Two other


1912.]
237
THE DIAL
volumes now published in this collection are of a kind “The Macmillan Standard Library" is a series planned
already well represented. One of them is Mr. Carl to provide at a nominal price well-made reprints of
Armbruster's selection of “Thirty Songs by Franz books in all fields of knowledge, published within the
Liszt "; the other is Mr. H. E. Krehbiel's selection of past few years, which have been accepted as authoritative
“Songs from the Operas for Baritone and Bass." contributions to their subjects,—such books, for instance,
The latter work represents twenty-three composers by as Professor Veblen's “Theory of the Leisure Class,”
twenty-seven numbers. The “Musician's Library” now Dr. Van Dyke's “The Spirit of America," Rev. R. J.
numbers upwards of sixty volumes, and more than ful Campbell's “ The New Theology," Miss Jane Addams's
fills the promise of its inception.
“The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets,” Professor
L. A. Sherman's “What Is Shakespeare ?” etc.
The first issue of a monthly “Index to Dates of Cur-
rent Events” has just been issued by the R. R. Bowker
NOTES.
Company of New York. This publication is the suc-
A collection of posthumous essays by the late Profes-
cessor of two independent previous lists: the annual
sor Churton Collins is to be published shortly. Among Library Index, and the quarterly “ Current Events In-
“ Index to Dates” published since 1895 in the Annual
the subjects are Shakespeare, Johnson, Burke, Word-
sworth, Matthew Arnold, and Browning.
dex,” begun by the Wisconsin Free Library Commission,
and published since 1910 by the H. W. Wilson Company
It is announced that Mr. Hermann J. Warner is the
as a feature of their “ Readers' Guide to Periodical Lit-
author of “European Years: The Letters of an Idle
erature." In its new form this Index should prove of
Man,” which was published anonymously last autumn
immense value to many sorts of workers, forming as it
by Houghton Mifflin Co., under the editorship of Mr.
does a classified summary of the world's news.
George E. Woodberry.
Foremost among articles of contemporary interest in
Three books by Mr. John Galsworthy hold a promi “The Hibbert Journal” for January is that by Sir Oliver
nent place in the spring publishing lists. Two of these
Lodge defending the philosophy of Henri Bergson
are plays, – “The Eldest Son” and “The Pigeon ";
against the recent strictures of Mr. Balfour. Professor
the other is a volume of poems, entitled “Wild Oats:
J. Arthur Thomson continues his discussion, “Is There
Moods, Songs, and Doggerels.” Messrs. Scribner will
One Science of Nature ?" making out a strong case for
publish these books in America.
those biologists who call themselves “vitalists,” and
Professor Rudolf Eucken of the University of Jena, who deny that life can ever be understood or expressed
whose most popular book, “The Problem of Human - much less created in terms of chemical or mechani-
Life," as translated by Professors Williston S. Hough
cal reactions. A summary of recent philosophical liter-
and W. R. Boyce Gibson, has just been published in a ature by Professor G. Dawes Hicks brings the general
new and cheaper edition by the Scribners, has been
reader into intelligent touch with some most interest-
appointed Exchange Professor at Harvard for next
ing developments in the field. The American agents for
autumn.
«The Hibbert Journal” are Messrs. Sherman, French
The first number of a new architectural journal, en & Co.
titled “The Architectural Quarterly of Harvard Uni That Dickens has a considerable vogue in France is
versity,” will be published this month. The purpose of shown in the extracts from appreciations by some dis-
the periodical is to present in easily accessible form
tinguished French critics printed in a recent number of
important work by students, special lectures delivered
the popular weekly journal, “Les Annales." M. Gaston
in the school, and contributions by members of the Deschamps, M. Paul Ginisty, M. Anatole France, M.
teaching staff and graduates.
Jules Claretie, and M. Adolphe Brisson, are all to be
Three lectures on Robert Louis Stevenson have just found among the admirers of Dickens, M. Ginisty going
been given in London by Sir Sidney Colvin. The spe so far as to say that “ Dickens is one of the very few
cific subjects were: “R. L. S.: Personality and Per- foreign writers who have exerted an influence on French
sonal Writings ”; “R. L. S.: Tales, Fantasies, and Ro literature, and who have retained that influence." The
mances”; and “R. L. S.: Some Comparisons with Other ame journal states that the Franco-Russian Association
Writers." It is to be hoped that these lectures will of the University of Paris proposes to celebrate the
soon find their way into book form.
centenary of Dickens's birth by a lecture at the Sor-
Mrs. Hamilton King, author of “The Disciples,” a bonne, and readings from “ David Copperfield,” in
poem dealing with Mazzini and the liberation and unity which several of the leading actors and actresses of
of Italy, is about to publish through Messrs. Longmans, Paris will take part.
Green & Co. a book entitled “Letters and Recollections The library of the Bureau of Education, at Washing-
of Mazzini.” It is a personal record of the more inti ton, has attained a size and importance unsuspected by
mate side of Mazzini's life during his later years, and many who would otherwise be glad to avail themselves
contains some of his most characteristic letters.
of its freely-offered privileges. Numbering more than
We learn that all preliminary arrangements have one hundred thousand volumes, the collection consti-
een made for a bibliography of the modern history of tutes the best pedagogical library in the country, and
Great Britain which is to be compiled by the Committees under its present management it is constantly growing
of the Royal Historical Society and of the American in size and usefulness. Its rooms are open to readers
Historical Association. The work, of which Professor and students, and it lends books freely to those at a dis-
G. W. Prothero is the general editor, will consist of tance, either by the inter-library system of loans, or
three volumes, one general, one on the Tudor and Stuart directly to individual borrowers, books being sent out
periods, and one on the Hanoverian period. Some six by mail, under frank, and retainable for two weeks as a
teen scholars on both sides of the Atlantic are at present rule. Special lists and bibliographies are furnished upon
engaged upon the selection of titles and data for the request, and in other ways the resources of the library
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
are turned to the utmost possible profit of its users.


238
[March 16,
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS.
Some fourteen hundred titles, representing the out-
put of over fifty American publishers, are this year
included in The DIAL's annual List of Books An-
nounced for Spring and Summer Publication, here-
with presented. All of these titles are new books –
new editions not being listed unless having new form
or matter. We have not endeavored to include books
of a strictly technological or medical character; other-
wise the list is a fairly complete and so far as the
data supplied us by the various publishers may be
relied on) an accurate summary of American publish-
ing activities for the first six months, at least, of the
present year.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Promised Land, the autobiography of a Russian
immigrant, by Mary Antin, illus., $1.50 net.-Lee,
the American, by Gamaliel Bradford, Jr., illus., $2.50
net.—The Life and Work of William Pryor Letch-
worth, illus. in photogravure, etc.—Charles Dickens,
his life and work, by Edwin Percy Whipple, with in-
troduction by Arlo Bates, limited edition, 2 vols.-
A Child's Journey with Dickens, by Kate Douglas
Wiggin. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
Henry Demarest Lloyd, 1847-1903, by Caro Lloyd, 2
vols., illus., $6. net.—Personal Recollections of the
War of the Rebellion, edited by A. Noel Blakeman,
fourth series, $2.50 net.-An Artillery Officer in the
Mexican War, letters of Robert Anderson, U. S. A.,
with portraits, $2. net.—The Early Court of Queen
Victoria, by Clare Jerrold, illus., $3.75 net.-Ed-
ward Fitzgerald Beale, a pioneer in the path of em-
pire, 1822-1903, by Stephen Bonsal, illus., $2.50 net.
-Sheridan and his Circle, by W. A. Lewis Bettany,
illus., $3.50 net.—Mary Tudor, Queen of France, by
Mary Croom Brown, illus., $3.50 net.—Memoirs of
the Baroness von Hedemann, edited by Denise Petit,
illus., $3.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Life of John Henry Cardinal Newman, based on
his journals and correspondence, by Wilfrid Ward,
2 vols., illus., $9. net. — Letters and Later Life of
Joseph Mazzini, by Mrs. Hamilton King.–George
the Third and Charles Fox, being the concluding
part of "The American Revolution," by Sir George
Otto Trevelyan, 2 vols., Vol. I., with maps, $2. net.
-Saint Francis of Assisi, translated from the Dan-
ish of Johannes Jorgensen by T. O'Connor Sloane,
illus., $3. net.—Edward King, sixtieth bishop of
Lincoln, by George W. E. Russell, with portrait.
(Longmans, Green & Co.)
Memoirs of the Court of England in 1675, trans. from
the French of Marie, Catherine Comtesse d'Aulnoy,
by Mrs. William Henry Arthur, illus., $7.50 net. -
Fanny Burney at the Court of Queen Charlotte, by
Constance Hill, illus., $6. net.-Hubert and John
van Eyck, a popular account of their life and work,
by Maurice Brockwell and W. H. James, illus., $4.
net.-A Great Russian Realist, the romance and
reality of Dostoieffsky, by J. A. T. Lloyd, illus.,
$3.50 net.-Recollections of a Court Painter, by H.
Jones Thaddeus, illus., $3.50 net.-Recollections of
Guy de Maupassant, by his valet, Francois, trans.
by Maurice Reynolds, $2.50 net.-Recollections of
James McNeill Whistler, by Thomas Way, illus.
with an original etching by Whistler and original
lithographs.—Footprints of Famous Americans in
Paris, by John Joseph Conway, illus., $3.50 net.-
Margaret of France, Duchess of Savoy, 1523-1574,
by Winifred Stephens, illus. in photogravure, etc.,
$4. net.-A Queen of Shreds and Patches, the life
of Madame Tallien Notre Dame de Thermidor, from
the last days of the French Revolution until her
death as Princess Chimay in 1835, by L. Gastine,
trans. from the French by J. Lewis May, illus. in
photogravure, etc., $4. net.—The Betts of Wortham
in Suffolk, by Katharine Frances Doughty, illus.,
$5. net.-Recollections of a Court Painter, by H. J.
Thaddeus, illus. (John Lane Co.)
The Life of Nietzsche, by his sister, Mrs. Foerster-
Nietzsche, in 2 vols., Vol. I., The Young Nietschze,
ready this spring, illus., $4. net.—The Life Story of
J. Pierpont Morgan, by Carl Hovey, illus., $2.50 net.
- The Court Series of French Memoirs, trans. by S.
Jules Mera, new vols.: Memoirs relating to Fouché,
Minister of Police under Napoleon; Memoirs relat-
ing to the Empress Josephine, by Mlle. Georgette
Ducrest; “1813," a manuscript of Baron Fain; each
illus., $1.50 net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.)
Tennyson and his Friends, edited by Hallam Lord Ten-
nyson, illus., $3. net.—The Life of William Robert-
son Smith, by John Sutherland Black and George
Chrystal, illus.—Marcus Alonzo Hanna, his life and
works, by Herbert Croly.-Life of Benjamin Dis-
raeli, by W. F. Monypenny, Vol. II., $3. net. (Mac-
millan Co.)
Irish Recollections, by Justin McCarthy, illus., $3.
net.—A Keeper of the Robes, a memoir of Fanny
Burney, by F. Frankfort Moore, illus., $3.50 net.-
My Vagabondage, by J. E. Patterson, illus., $3. net.
- The Life of Sir George Newnes, Bart., by Hulda
Friederichs, $2. net.—Lady Victoria Campbell, by
Lady Frances Balfour, illus., $2. net.—Fifty Years
of Work without Wages, by Charles Rowley, illus.,
$3. net.-Dr. Alexander McLaren of Manchester, by
E. T. McLaren, $1.50 net.-Hudson Taylor in Early
Years, by Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor, illus., $2.25
net.—The Life of Dr. Arthur Jackson of Manchuria,
by Rev. A. S. Costain, $6. net.—Professor Elmslie,
by Sir William Robertson Nicoll, $1. net. (George
H. Doran Co.)
The Sisters of Lady Jane Grey, by Richard Davey,
illus., $4, net.—The Life and Work of Romesh Chun-
der Dutt, C. I. E., by J. N. Gupta, with introduction
by H. H. the Maharajah of Baroda, illus., $3.50 net.
Autobiography of Thomas DeWitt Talmage, with
portraits, $5. net.-Sixty Years of Life and Adven-
ture in the Far East, by John Dill Ross, 2 vols.,
illus., $7. net.-A Magician in Many Lands, by
Charles Bertram, $2. net.—The Life of Hiuen-Tsi-
ang, by Hwui Li and Yen-Tsung, with an account of
the works of I-Tsing by Samuel Beal, B. A., new edi-
tion, with preface by Cranmer Byng, $3.50 net.-
The Life or Legend of Guadama, the Buddha of the
Burmese, with annotations, the Ways to Neibban,
and notice on the Phongyies or Burmese monks, by
Rt. Rev. P. Bigandet, 2 vols., $7.50 net. (E. P.
Dutton & Co.)
A Personal Narrative of Political Experiences, by
Robert M. La Follette, $1.50 net.—Many Celebrities
and a Few Others, a bundle of reminiscences, by
William H. Rideing, illus., $2.50 net.-One Look
Back, by G. W. E. Russell, LL. D., illus., $2.50 net.
-William the Silent, by J. C Squire, $3. net -Life
of Woodrow Wilson, by William Bayard Hale, illus.,
$1. net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
The Life and Letters of Lawrence Sterne, by Lewis
Melville, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net.-Lafcadio Hearn,
by Nina H. Kennard, illus., $2.50 net. (D. Apple-
ton & Co.)
At the Court of His Catholic Majesty, by Hon. Wil-
liam Miller Collier, late minister to Spain, 1905-
1909, illus., $2. net.—Men and Things of My Time,
by the Marquis de Castellane, illus. in photograv-
ure, etc., $1.75 net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)


1912.]
239
THE DIAL
Thomas Love Peacock, by A. Martin Freeman, $2.50
net.-Oscar Wilde, by Arthur Ransome, with pho-
togravure portrait, $2.50 net. (Mitchell Kennerley.)
John Lavery and His Work, by Walter Shaw-Sparrow,
with introduction by R. B. Cunningham Graham,
illus. in color, etc., $3.50 net.—My Lady Castlemaine,
by Philip Sergeant, illus. in photogravure, etc., $3.50
net. (Dana Estes & Co.)
The World's Leaders Biographies, edited by William
P. Trent, new vols.: The World's Leading Poets,
by H. W. Boynton; The World's Leading Painters,
by G. B. Rose; The World's Leading Conquerors, by
W. L. Bevan; each with portrait, $1.75 net. (Henry
Holt & Co.)
Fifty Years in Oregon, by T. T. Geer, illus., $3. net.-
Our Presidents and their Office, including parallel
lives of the presidents and a history of the presi-
dency, by William Estabrook Chancellor, with in-
troduction by Champ Clark, illus., $5. net. (Neale
Publishing Co.)
Intimacies of Court and Society, an unconventional
narrative of unofficial days, by the widow of an
American diplomat, illus., $2.50 net. (Dodd, Mead
& Co.)
Life in the Legion, by Frederic Martyn, $2.net.
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Life of Schiller, translated from the German of Eugen
Kühnemann by Katharine Royce, with introduction
by Josiah Royce. (Ginn & Co.)
The Life of Tolstoy, translated from the Russian of
Paul Birukoff by W. Tcherkesoff, illus., $1.50 net.
(Cassell & Co.)
A Chautauqua Boy in '61 and Afterwards, reminis-
cences of David B. Parker, edited by Torrance Par-
ker, with introduction by Albert Bushnell Hart,
illus., $3. net. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
The Hoosac Valley, its legends and its history, by
Grace G. Niles, illus., $3.50 net.-Leaflets from
Italy, by M. Nataline Crampton, illus., $1.50 net.-
Characters and Events in Roman History, by Gu-
glielmo Ferrero, student's edition, $1.50 net. (G.
P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Making of Western Europe, being an attempt to
trace the fortunes of the children of the Roman Em-
pire, by C. R. L. Fletcher, Vol. I., The Dark Ages,
A. D. 300-1000, $2, net.—Modern England, a histor-
ical and sociological study, by Louis Cazamion, $1.50
net.—The Battle of Tsushima, by Capt. Vladimir
Semenoff, new edition, revised, with diagram, $1.50
net.—Temple Cyclopedic Primers, new vol.: A His-
tory of the Renaissance, by B. F. Oldham, 35 cts.
net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
The War of the 'Sixties, being echoes from both sides,
compiled by Captain E. E. Hutchins, $3. net.-Gen-
eral Joseph Wheeler and the Army of Tennessee, by
John Witherspoon DuBose, illus., $3. net.-When
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