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248
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252
[March 16,
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1912.]
253
THE DIAL
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[March 16,
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THE DIAL
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Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office
Chicago, Iinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
No. 619.
APRIL 1, 1912.
Vol. LII.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
•
TRAVEL AND CULTURE.
. 263
THE PROBLEM OF LAFCADIO HEARN. Warren
Barton Blake
265
.
TRAVEL AND CULTURE.
The value of travel as a means of culture bas
long been recognized, and everything that tends
to lessen its difficulties, and to increase the
number of those who may avail themselves of
its inspiring influence, should be welcomed as
an aid to that enlargement of view, that deepen-
ing of sympathy, and that enrichment of the
mind which are the objects of culture, by what-
ever paths it be pursued. To “ survey man-
kind from China to Peru ” with one's own eyes
is certainly the cultural equivalent for a great
many college courses or other formal endeavors
to gain an education. To quote Dr. Johnson's
familiar words : " That man is little to be en-
vied whose patriotism would not gain force upon
the plain of Marathon, or whose piety would not
grow warmer among the ruins of Iona.' The
development of patriotism and piety may not
be reckoned among the avowed aims of the edu-
cational process, but they are assuredly more de-
sirable elements of culture than is the pedantry
which is the product of too close an application
to the letter of learning.
It would be interesting to trace the growth
of this idea during the last few centuries. The
wandering scholar of the middle ages doubtless
had some sub-conscious notion of the way in
which the impressions of travel were enriching
his life, even if the perils of his encounters with
highwaymen and pirates and robber barons filled
the forefront of his consciousness, leaving scant
opportunity for introspective survey. It was the
excitement of adventure, and the wonder of the
unknown, rather than any set purpose of self-
improvement, that impelled the Elizabethans
upon their journeyings to far lands and among
strange peoples ; but they were building better
than they knew, and laying the foundations, not
of character alone, but also of a large intellectual
tolerance which was making them citizens of
the world of ideas rather than denizens of some
bailiwick of provincial prejudice. They might
return laden with Spanish treasure, or bursting
with the report of the new lands of their discov-
ery; they also brought themselves back as new
men, transformed by contact with distant things
and peoples, filled with rich memories, and with
a clear-eyed capacity for dealing intelligently
with their own personal problems of thought and
.
CASUAL COMMENT
267
The ways of archivists. Our English guest.-Prim-
itive library economy. - “Ethan Frome" in France.
- Dr. Talcott Williams, Director of the Pulitzer
School of Journalism. - Moving a large book-collec-
tion. — Economy of effort in writing.- Mr. Morgan's
gift to Göttingen University.–Tariff bars against
imported books. -Suggested readings in the “Brit-
tanica."
D'ANNUNZIO AS A NATIONAL POET. (Special
Correspondence.) Melville B. Anderson . 270
ANNALS OF A GREAT AMERICAN PUBLISHING
HOUSE, rcy F. Bicknell
272
THE MORAL HISTORY OF OUR TARIFF. Chester
Whitney Wright
. 274
RE-ENTER-DOCTOR JOHNSON. W. E. Simonds . 275
THE ART OF INDIA. Frederick W. Gookin . 277
STUDIES. IN AMERICAN HISTORY. Ephraim
Douglass Adams
279
RECENT POETRY. William Morton Payne
281
Lysaght's Horizons and Landmarks. - Overy's
Eidola. -Stead's Windflowers. - Gould's Poems.-
Miss Fox's The Lost Vocation. - Wheelock's The
Human Fantasy.- Carter's Hard Labor, and Other
Poems. — Anderson's The Voice of the Infinite. –
Towne's Youth, and Other Poems. - Miss Norton's
Little Gray Songs from St. Joseph's.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
285
Japanese painting and its laws.- A naturalist in the
Northern wilderness.-New letters of Charles Dick-
ens.- The random remarks of a shrewd observer.-
American lectures of an English sociologist. - A
friend and guardian of kings.- Mediæval precursors
of the public library.- The “jovial monarch" and
his court. The mind in health and disease.
BRIEFER MENTION .
. 288
NOTES
289
TOPICS IN APRIL PERIODICALS
289
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
290
.


264
[ April 1,
THE DIAL
action. The Horatian saying that “who cross sidered, one of the most pitiable that can be
the seas their skies change, not their souls” is imagined. It is, indeed, a vacation of the mind,
not to be accepted without qualification; such for its customary content is lacking, and there
changes as are possible to the soul in the way of is no residuum of thought and feeling to de-
development are quite naturally brought about rive healthy and truly re-creative exercise from
by foreign travel. It was a realization of this contact with its strange new environment. He
truth that made the seventeenth and eighteenth demands material comforts, and usually gets
century descendant of the adventurous Eliza-them, for their price is measured in the material
bethan regard the “grand tour” as the crowning coin with which his pockets are lined. But those
stage of a young gentleman's education, as the delights which are purchasable only with the
one thing essential to transform the mere scholar coin of knowledge and of taste are unknown to
into the man of the world.
him. He finds no texts in the Bible of Amiens,
Travel may, in fact, be taken as one of the no sermons in the Stones of Venice; for him are
most searching tests of personality, and often the Seven Lamps of Architecture kindled in
discloses unexpected capacities and possibilities. vain.
vain. He has not the historical consciousness
How sharply do the experiences of travel serve
which would tell another that he was treading
to bring out the contrast between the vacuous on holy ground, or the social consciousness which
mind and stolid temperament, on the one hand, in another would bear fruit of penetrative sym-
and the richly-furnished intelligence allied with pathy with the life of alien peoples. For him,
emotional capacity on the other! Somewhere the galleries of art are sights to be wearily
in the writings of Thomas Arnold of Rugby there “done” when there is no escape from the duty;
is a passage upon the Mediterranean Sea, in the concert-hall has no message for one who
which its meaning to the traveller who beholds thinks of music only as an adjunct of the res-
in it only a body of water with picturesque taurant and the street parade, and the theatre
shores is contrasted with its meaning to the trav no instruction for one who is ignorant of all
eller who views it in the light of its immense tongues but his own nasal speech. So he con-
historical suggestiveness, and in whose richly- sorts with his fellow Americans, sharers in a
stored mind it evokes a tumultuous throng of common boredom, and his converse with them
images which make the past live anew in color is of the market reports, and of such news from
and in action. With what quickening of mem America as trickles into his ear from the Conti-
ory and exaltation of spirit does the pilgrim who nental press.
is worthy of the experience visit the old-world The case of his children is equally pathetic,
spots where great issues have trembled in the although youth has possibilities which save the
balance upon the field of battle - Marathon, case from being quite hopeless. Ruskin describes
Lake Trasimene, Stiklestad, Senlac, Aspro- it once for all in “ Fors Clavigera.” He was
monte; the spots which offer their mute testi- going from Venice to Verona by the afternoon
mony to the vanished glory of the past — Car- train, and in the carriage were two American
thage, Ravenna, Visby, Thingvalla, Avignon; girls with their parents.
the spots hallowed by association with some “Here they were, specimens of the utmost which the
great cause Nicæa, Runnymede, the Wart money and invention of the nineteenth century could pro-
duce in maidenhood – children of its most progressive
burg, the Rütli, Eidsvold; the spots consecrated
race - enjoying the full advantages of political liberty,
to shining examples of what the soul of man may
of enlightened philosophical education, of cheap pilfered
achieve-Florence, Stratford, Weimar, Königs literature, and of luxury at any cost. . . . And they
berg, Bayreuth; the spots invested by legend with were travelling through a district which, if any in the
a significance that rivals fact in its appeal to
world, should touch the hearts and delight the eyes of
the imagination - Sinai, Delphi, Avernus,
the
young girls. Between Venice and Verona! Portia's
villa perhaps in sight upon the Brenta,- Juliet's tomb
Venusberg, Montserrat. Each of these places,
to be visited in the evening, - blue against the Southern
and each of countless others, may become to the sky, the hills of Petrarch's home. Exquisite midsummer
reader much more than a geographical expres-
sunshine, with low rays, glanced through the vine-leaves;
sion, to the visitor, much more than a halting- Cadore, and to farthest Tyrol. What a princess's cham-
all the Alps were clear, from the Lake of Garda to
place to be remembered chiefly by the quality
ber, this, if these are princesses, and what dreams might
of its inn, if he but prepare himself by study they not dream, therein! But the two American girls
and reflection for the revelation which it has to were neither princesses, nor seers, nor dreamers. By
offer.
infinite self-indulgence, they had reduced themselves
simply to two pieces of white putty that could feel pain.
The case of the typical American man of busi-
The Aies and dust stuck to them as to clay, and they
ness in Europe upon a vacation is, rightly con perceived, between Venice and Verona, nothing but the


1912.]
265
THE DIAL
6
flies and the dust. They pulled down the blinds the erate cost, and so speedily that the eighty days,
moment they entered the carriage, and then sprawled, which seemed a marvel when Jules Verne wrote
and writhed, and tossed among the cushions of it, with
of the adventures of Phileas Fogg, has been
every miserable sensation of bodily affliction that could
make time intolerable. They were dressed in thin reduced to sixty or less. To-day, one can book
white frocks, coming vaguely open at the backs as they with any tourist_agency
for Vladivostok or
stretched or wriggled; they had French novels, lemons, Samarcand, for Delhi or Khartoum. Both
and lumps of sugar, to beguile their state with; the
Hammarfest and Sandy Point are included in
novels hanging together by the ends of string that had
once stitched them; or adhering at the corners in densely
the regular vacation itinerary, and both offer the
bruised dog's-ears, out of which the girls, wetting their apparatus of civilization to welcome the visitor.
fingers, occasionally extricated a gluey leaf. From time Special excursions enable one to visit the Spanish
to time, they cut a lemon open, ground a lump of sugar Main and the Caucasus and the Ægean under
backwards and forwards over it till every fibre was in
luxurious conditions, and this very summer one
a treacly pulp; then sucked the pulp, and gnawed the
white skin into leathery strings, for the sake of its bitter.
can, if one wishes, embark upon a monster
Only one sentence was exchanged, in the fifty miles, on steamship at Bremen, sail to the palæocrystic
the subject of things outside the carriage (the Alps being sea within something like ten degrees distance
once visible from a station where they had drawn up from the North Pole, and return to the starting-
the blinds).
· Don't those snow-caps make you cool?'
point exactly four weeks from the date of de-
No- I wish they did.'
parture. Another summer will perhaps provide
And so they went their way, with sealed eyes and tor an excursion to the ice-barrier of the Antarctic,
mented limbs, their numbered miles of pain.”
now that the explorations of Shackleton and
It sometimes seems as if the means of travel, Amundsen have made it familiar. There is
and the opportunities which it offers for culture, wonder in all this, even if the eyes of the mar-
were most frequently allotted by a malicious iner behold no mount of Purgatory rising from
fate to just those people who are congenitally the remote seas ; and whatever keeps alive the
or by virtue of defective training incapable of sense of wonder makes an important contribu-
responding to its stimulus or appreciating its tion to the life of culture.
advantages, while those who might profit by it
most richly are restricted to travel of the arm-
chair and fire-side sort, perhaps supplemented THE PROBLEM OF LAFCADIO HEARN.
by visits to the picture-show. There is not a
little to be said for these vicarious forms of
“Form and substance are one,” says William
Blake somewhere; and continues : “I have heard
travel, and photography has done much to bring
many people say, 'Give me the ideas, it is no mat-
to our doors the “sights” which formerly could
ter what words you put them into,' and others say,
be seen only at the cost of long journeyings. *Give me the design, it is no matter for the execu-
One who has witnessed, for example, an exhibi tion. These people knew enough of artifice, but
tion of the colored film-pictures of last year's nothing of art.° Ideas cannot be given but in their
Coronation, feels that he has actually been pres-minutely appropriate words, nor can a design be made
ent at the spectacle, and has, indeed, in some
without its minutely appropriate execution."
respects seen it to better advantage than would Spoken by Flaubert, there would be nothing sur-
have been possible to the average tourist. The prising in the statement which I have copied out as
profusely illustrated book of travel reproduces
a kind of text. Emanating from an English poet,
it holds our attention as being foreign to the Anglo-
would find it difficult to view, in such a way as to
Saxon standpoint. If, however, one were asked
what author, out of all our writers of yesterday,
make them seem very familiar. There are many practised such a doctrine, one could name his man.
respects in which these substitutes for experience in the work of Lafcadio Hearn, at least," form and
are inadequate, but they provide a resource that substance are one." By fate's irony, one of his critics
was hardly dreamed of by the last generation. has yet been able to write with a shade of justifica-
As for travel itself, while it is not cheap, ex-
tion that Hearn “ created or invented nothing; his
cept for those who “rough it
A
the road after
on
stories were always told him by others.
the fashion of Bayard Taylor in his “ Views
multicolored echo." It was Hearn, withal, who
Afoot,” it is much less expensive than it used
most perfectly represents, among the modern writ-
ers whom I know, a harmony of sense and form, of
to be, and the "grand tour" no longer needs
words and music. Now, Hearn's mystery derived,
the outlay, and may be made with much more
not from any literary obscurity, but from his reserve
than the comfort, of the days in which it was
toward the general public, from his unfortunate way
not to be thought of by the multitude. One of dropping those with whom he had entered upon
can go around the world at a surprisingly mod terms of intimacy, from the clouds which obscure his
distant scenes, including many that the tourist sal
.


266
[April 1,
THE DIAL
beginnings, and, finally, from his disappearance into “Japanese Letters,” edited by his sympathetic biog-
the East, and his absorption of - or by -that East's rapher?
greater mysteries. Thus it is that Stedman could One may learn here how melancholy was the man.
assert that "Hearn will in time be as much of a “I am absolutely unproductive now,” he writes in
romantic personality and tradition as Poe is now.” one letter of depression; "hovering between one
For the moment, however, the enigma of the writer's thing and another,--sometimes angry with men,-
personality pales before another enigma: that of his sometimes with the Gods." But we were already
work. How reconcile the paradox of one for whom aware how pathetic was this figure, best likened (in
form and substance are one, yet whose nature was the simile of a Japanese poem of the people) to
chameleon-like, and whose plumes were borrowed? “The water-weed drifting, finding no place of attachment.':
How reconcile other seeming incongruities, only too
The first value of the “ Japanese Letters ” lies, not
easily suggested ? *
so much in the insight they give us into Hearn's
Certainly there is something baffling about every personality, as in the light they throw — or seem to
thing that he put his hand to — if we except his throw, since we are for the moment left in no little
journeyman's work (and very good work, too) as a perplexity - on Hearn's later writings. What are
newspaper writer. His interpretation of Japan has
we to. think when the author of “Kwaidan” and
been fairly described as the most remarkable at « Kokoro” writes :
tempt at the interpretation of an alien race ever “The finale of my long correspondence with you on the
made, in any language; and yet it was produced Japanese character is frankly this . . . I hate and detest
by one who never himself mastered the Japanese the Japanese ..."
tongue. This is not the chief difficulty, however. adding, wistfully, “There's a nice confession ";
For what are we to think of his interpretation of then, with more vigor, “
Dn the Japanese !"
the elder civilization of Japan - not merely in the Before deciding what to think of it all, one may
book which he calls “ Japan: An Attempt at Inter-
read further. A letter to his American friend, W.
pretation,” but as we find it in all his volumes of B. Mason, is instructive. “Professor Chamberlain
studies and legends ? What are we to think of it,
spoke to me about the variability of one's feelings
that is, now that certain documents of an intimate toward Japan being like the oscillations of a pen-
sort have been recently published in the so-called dulum : one day swinging towards pessimism, and
the next to optimism.
I have this feeling very
* One of these startling incongruities is revealed by Hear
often, and I suppose you must have had it many
himself in describing his method of composition in the final
times. But the pessimistic feeling is generally
period of his craftsmanship. There are two methods of
work, he writes: the first (fatiguing beyond expression) is
coincident with some experience of New Japan,
“to force thought by concentration "'; the second is to and the optimistic with something of Old Japan.
force the work only, and let the thought develop itself.”
With what hideous rapidity Japan is modern-
“The subject is before me; I can't bother even thinking about it.
That would tire me too much. I simply arrange the notes, and write
izing after all!”
down whatever part of the subject most pleases me first. I write hur For one who has read Hearn with either thorough-
riedly without care. Then I put the MS. aside for the day, and do
something else more agreeable. Next day I read over the pages written,
ness or sympathy, there is no suspicion that he was
correct, and write them all over again. In the course of doing this, to an appreciable degree insincere in his writings
quite mechanically, new thoughts come up, errors make themselves
felt, improvements are suggested. I stop. Next day I rewrite the
about the Japanese. He was at first radiantly happy
third time. This is the best time. The result is a great improvement in achieving his life-dream: the study of the Oriental
usually, - but not perfection. I then take clean paper and begin to
make the final copy. Usually, this has to be done twice. In the course
mind at close range ; life in a wonderful exotic king-
of four or five rewritings, the whole thought reshapes itself, and the dom of flowers and singing cicada. But, apart from
whole style is changed and fixed. The work has done itself, developed,
grown; it would have been very different had I trusted to the first
the fact that Japan is itself in transition, - apart
thought. .
from the fact that the student of Japan must oscil-
“The result is amazing. The average is five perfect pages (not
printed pages) a day, with about two or three hours' work. By the
late, as Hearn says Professor Chamberlain put it,
other method one or two pages a day are extremely difficult to write between optimism and pessimism, admiration and
... though . . . I have had to rewrite pages fifty times."
repulsion, there is the personal element to be taken
While industry is attested, so too is a singular limitation
in mental force. I cannot help wondering how nearly this
into account. Hearn was Hearn. That means, in
method of composition comes to Flaubert's--Flaubert not only part, that he was one of those who have set up
being an object of Hearn's admiration, but an equally labored 6 Whim " over their portals. It means, too, that he
stylist. Mr. Huneker, it is true, has a shrewd suspicion that
was a victim of romantic nostalgia— literally, as well
Flaubert nursed the “legend” of his terrible pangs in literary
creation, and hints that life at Croisset consisted in no small
as in critics' cant, a native of No-man's Land. To
degree in the pleasures of sleep and fânerie and pipe-smoking. quote this man himself, he suffered from the
Flaubert is only one of the modern Frenchmen whom Hearn nostalgia which is rather a world-sickness than a
studied with zeal ; besides translating the “Saint-Antoine," home-sickness” — “like an unutterable wish to flee
a volume by Gautier, and France's “Sylvestre Bonnard,"
he translated for the New Orleans “Times-Democrat” about
away from the Present into the Unknown.” It was
two hundred stories and passages, chiefly from contemporary
not in him to be lastingly happy anywhere. Earlier,
French literature. Hearn himself has been translated into in New Orleans, his imagination, captured at first by
French, in part, at least ; while a sympathetic critical and
the tropical and intoxicating beauty of the old
biographical study by M. Joseph de Smet appeared only last
fall (Paris : Mercure de France). As M. de Smet remarks,
Creole city, with all its contrasts, was soon sated,
Hearn "studied painstakingly all the line issued from Flau and we find him writing to Mr. Krehbiel, at New
bert," and "his methods of work were formed in that study." York, “I am very weary of New Orleans. The city


1912.]
267
THE DIAL
of my dreams . . . has vanished.” Philosophically, Knowledge of those who have wrought exquisite
morally, and æsthetically, no less than nationally, he things is not always to be had with impunity. It is not
was a hybrid—and hybrids are notoriously unhappy always even desirable. There were dark places in the
But to return to his own report of Japan. It is career of this elusive genius — who, without belong-
well to reread, now that we have the new instal- ing to the family of the greater geniuses, succeeded
ment of Letters, the “ Attempt at Interpretation. as no one else in retelling the tales of Old Japan in
“ According to the degree of altruism within your the English tongue, and in imparting to what Mr.
self,” he writes of the Japanese, “these good folk Noguchi described as his “Spencerian-Buddhistic
will be able, without any apparent effort, to make you Studies" a charming and penetrating accent of
happy. The mere sensation of the milieu is a placid mystery. Hearn's Japanese critic lays emphasis,
happiness. . . . Yes, for a little time these fairy folk however, on the retold tales: and here we must fol.
can give you all the soft bliss of sleep.” Neither low him. Hearn's later work, done in the gray
and
here nor elsewhere does Hearn tell us of the other blue coloring of his adopted country, though it wants
side of the picture, tell us, that is, in concrete the fire and enthusiasm of his first impressions, re-
terms. Except in his correspondence, he scarcely ceives the bighest praise of the Japanese, as shining
hints at anything morally unbeautiful. Nor does with Hearn's "golden light, which was as old as a
he discuss the evil smells of the town, its beggars spring in Horai; its slowness was poetry and its
and lepers. As we grow, nowadays, to know Hearn reticence was a blessing." No longer did this writer
better, we realize how he strove in all his writings | practise style for style's sake. Let us then be con-
about Japan to throw over his reader that spell of tent with the knowledge that his best poetry, his
illusion cast, for a time, over himself. This is, it “blessings,” have an appeal truer and deeper than
seems to me, the lesson of these new letters, which that of mere exoticism, skilfully managed — like
made, on the first reading, so harsh an impression. the japoneries of Pierre Loti. Their beauty is not
But that his earlier contentment in Japan was illu wasted even upon the critic born in the land of
sionary, he himself knew: knew long before the rest whose myths and elder traditions they are the
of us; knew long before cruel and perhaps unjust treasury.
treatment was accorded him as a teacher in the And while we have testimony that the Japanese
Imperial University. “ It will lift at last,” he writes home-life of the man whose "absolute lack of prac-
in his “ Japan” of this fondly cherished illusion, tical sexual virtue" one of his American judges has
“ like those vapors of spring which lend preter-condemned, was, in reality, idyllic, let us not dwell
natural loveliness to a Japanese landscape in the fore on that: if only to avoid the reopening of contro-
noon of radiant days. Really you are happy because versy
WARREN BARTON BLAKE.
you have entered bodily into Fairyland, - into a
world that is not, and never could be, your own.”
In Hearn's tales of Old Japan, and in his wonder-
CASUAL COMMENT.
ful essays, he brings us very close to the wonder-
land that he sketches for us in the “Interpretation.” THE WAYS OF ARCHIVISTS are not always like
But what was Hearn's literary doctrine? He ex those of the lately-retired Adjutant-General whose
pounds it in a letter of June, 1908 (“Life and custodianship of the War Department archives might
Letters," II., 343).
remind a visitor of the rules metrically formulated
“Artistic literature can never be raw truth, any more than by the admirable Jared Bean in his famous “Old
a photograph can be compared with a painting. Here is a Librarian's Almanack.” From the “ Ars Bibliothe-
little sentence from one of the greatest of modern French
carii," there made public, we quote four pertinent
writers: ‘La littérature n'a pas la vérité pout l'objet. Il faut
demander la vérité aux sciences . . . il ne faut pas la de-
lines :
mander à la littérature, qui n'a et ne peut avoir d'objet que “Let naught intrude; to all the World be blind,
le beau.'"
And chase each vain allurement from your Mind.
I have written these sentences from Anatole
Be also deaf : 't is well to turn the Lock,
France, quoted by one who received them as gospel,
And let who will the outer portal knock.”
across the flyleaf of “Out of the East." In justice to
An impressive array of remonstrances against this
him who reproduced them, I have added what Hearn
safe and conservative guardianship of literary treas-
himself adds in his letter: “Remember that noth ure appears in the New York “Evening Post,” from
ing can be beautiful which does not contain truth.”
certain scholars who in the past have sought to
pursue
their researches
Fortunately, if we only read aright, Hearn's best
among the archives of the
work stands even his own tests - tests not wanting
War Department. One of these remonstrants, for
in severity. Practically, as well as in his theory of
example, desired that certain files of old newspapers
æsthetics, the writer made noteworthy progress.
might be rendered accessible to historians, and with
the approval and encouragement of high govern-
No really satisfactory account of Hearn has yet ment officials he applied for permission to explain
appeared. In many ways the most comprehensive his wishes. But, with a deep sense of the sacred-
is Mrs. Nina H. Kennard's recently-published vol ness of his person as custodian of government prop-
ume, faulty as it is in details. But I hope that we may erty, the archivist refused to admit the applicant to
long be spared a "scientific” biography of Hearn. his presence, and sent a colored servant to announce
99


268
(April 1,
THE DIAL
that the newspapers were stored away and nothing during the time they devoted themselves to those
could be done in the matter. Another indignant | faculties,” and “if books remained over, after this
gentleman, instead of praising this faithful watch distribution, they were to be distributed annually in
dog of the archives, has something to say about a
the usual way."
So precious were books in those
dog in the manger; and still another even claims ante-printing-press days that at this same college
that the effete monarchies of the Old World are three different locks, two large and one small, were
ahead of us in their housing of and care for
govern used to secure the library door, the Senior Dean and
ment documents. “Even Finland,” he goes so far the Senior Bursar holding the keys to the larger
as to affirm, " has a handsome Staatsarchiv, which locks, and each Fellow having a key to the smaller.
I had the pleasure of visiting recently, and where I
found the records very intelligently cared for and
“ETHAN FROME” IN FRANCE, where the story
the
way of the investigator made smooth and allur seems to be meeting with success in the pages of
ing.” Would not the excellent Jared Bean have “La Revue de Paris,” may serve to illustrate once
shuddered to contemplate such exposure of ancient more the truth that the most local and peculiar and
archives to the public gaze and touch?
even privately personal, if set down with sincerity
and touched with imagination and warmed with feel-
OUR ENGLISH GUEST, the one who at the present ing, is pretty sure to prove itself the most universal,
writing is holding our interested attention, is Mr. the most unfailingly interesting to all readers, the
John Galsworthy. It is a relief to be assured that most irresistibly appealing to the great heart of man-
he has not come to receive impressions for future kind. The dreary little New England village of
literary use in the magazines, although one of his Starkfield and the petty cares and anxieties of Ethan
alertness, his keenness of observation, his suscepti- and Zeena and Matty seem unromantic enough, to be
bility to impressions, could not well avoid receiving sure; but their illustration, in little, of the troubles
a good many new and, we hope, favorable impres and limitations that beset us all gives the story a
sions while he tarries with us. “A man whose busi human interest independent of the scene in which
ness it is to write,” he is reported as saying, " and the homely drama is set or the language in which
who has any human feeling whatsoever, can't go the characters speak. This success of Mrs. Whar-
through the streets of London, or of any
other place,
ton's in France recalls Mrs. Stowe's experience with
and see the people, and the lives they live, without her New England tale of “Oldtown Folks.” After
being moved. He sees wrongness and injustice and expressing to George Eliot her fear that the book
suffering, and so he writes about wrongness and in would be a flat failure in England because of its
justice and suffering. And if he is an artist and a strictly local character, she was assured that this
human man, he suffers, too. And so the
purpose
of very character gave it interest and charm to English
what he writes, the picturing of something that is bad readers; and, in fact, it seems to have been very
and should be made better,is utterly unconscious. And well received in England. “Look in thy heart and
it is inevitable . . . for a man who writes, who sees
write” about the things nearest thee, is just as good
and writes what he sees, it is just inevitable.” It advice now as in Sir Philip Sidney's day.
is this inevitability” in Mr. Galsworthy's as in
every other true artist's work that gives it its excel-
DR. TALCOTT WILLIAMS, DIRECTOR OF THE
lence; and so, after all, we hope he will feel him-
PULITZER SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM, will enter upon
self inevitably moved to utterance by some of the
the duties of the office to which he has just been ap-
American scenes and events that meet his eyes.
pointed at the opening of the college year in Sep-
tember. He is well equipped for the position, being
PRIMITIVE LIBRARY ECONOMY, often of an amus not only a journalist and editor himself of almost
ing nature, forms the subject of some of Mr. Ernest forty years' standing, but also a scholar and lecturer
A. Savage's scholarly and interesting chapters in and writer of wide repute. Born in India (the son
his recent book, “Old English Libraries." Rules of a missionary) sixty-two years ago, Mr. Williams
governing the circulation of books at Oxford and received his academic training at Amherst and be.
Cambridge in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries gan his course in practical journalism with the New
were of a sort that would in this age of hustle and York “World,” serving afterward on the staff of
hurry arouse much dissatisfaction. We complain the “Sun," on that of the Springfield “Republican,"
now, and with some reason, if we are denied the and for the last thirty years on that of the Phila-
privilege of exchanging a book the same day it is delphia “Press.” As chief editorial writer to the last-
borrowed; but at Oriel College the borrowers could named journal, he has contributed no little toward
take out books from the college library only once a its high standing in the newspaper world. At the
year, and only one book at a time, while at Peter- University of Pennsylvania and elsewhere he has
house “it was ruled that all the books not chained been a frequent lecturer. In his new position he
might be circulated once every two years on a day will, it is announced, give instruction in the history
to be fixed by the Master and Senior Dean.” But and ethics of journalism. His associate director
at New College an exceptional liberality prevailed: will be Professor John D. Cunliffe, at present the
“students in civil and canon law could have two head of the English department at the University of
books [at once, apparently] for their special use Wisconsin.


1912.]
269
THE DIAL
mass
MOVING A LARGE BOOK-COLLECTION, such as that were spent in study (and some other things) at that
of a great public library when a new building is famous old seminary of learning. But it was in
taken possession of, presents some practical problems, mathematics and not in literature that he specialized,
especially when it is desired to interrupt as little as and one might have expected him to spend his spare
possible the free use and circulation of the books pin-money in strengthening the mathematical depart-
themselves. Few such removals have been effected ment, the more so as he appears to have been a
as speedily as that which took place recently in favorite of his teacher there. Years after the
young
Springfield, Mass., upon the completion of that American student had completed his course in mathe-
city's new library building. As the old and the new matics and mud-baths at Göttingen, as his biographer,
buildings were but a few rods apart, a mechanical Mr. Carl Hovey, now relates, the professor of mathe-
conveying apparatus — a sort of elevated railway - matics under whom he had studied visited this coun.
was used for the trans-shipment, and the entire col try and found his former pupil a commanding figure
lection of 180,000 volumes was moved in seven days, in the world of finance. Meeting him at a dinner
without an hour's interruption to the regular library given in honor of the German visitor, the latter
service. Compare this with the record of the Boston created some amusement by deploring the financier's
Public Library, for example, in 1894–95. It is true defection from pure science, where if he had only
that the old Boylston Street building was half a mile remained he might unquestionably have become as-
or more from the new one in Copley Square, which sistant professor of mathematics at Göttingen, and,
made impossible any such speedy transfer as at on the death of the incumbent, would undoubtedly
Springfield. As a matter of fact, moving operations have succeeded to the professorship. But the
began December 14, and were finished January 28, promising pupil had perversely chosen to apply his
though the circulation of books from the new build mathematical knowledge to more practical problems
ing did not begin until March 4, after being dis than were likely to arise at Göttingen.
continued at the old more than a month before.
Therefore, though the actual momentum
TARIFF BARS AGAINST IMPORTED BOOKS are about
multiplied by velocity - may have been not so very to be raised still higher if a recent decision of the
different in the two instances, still one must view
Treasury Department, as announced by the Ap-
with admiration and approbation the late Springfield praiser of the Port of New York, is to be the rule
achievement.
governing future customs duties on such importa-
ECONOMY OF EFFORT IN WRITING, just as in
tions. This decision is aimed particularly at those
speaking, though to a lesser extent, is continually
American publishers who import imprinted editions
producing abbreviations unknown to an earlier gen-
of English publications in quantities of from one
eration. At the present moment a tendency is observ-
hundred to several thousand copies. Often such
able to contract in so far" into one word. We have books are cooperative enterprises, the expense of
long had “inasmuch”; why not, then, “insofar”?
which is borne equally by the English and the Ameri-
“Nevertheless” now strikes no reader as odd or
can publisher; and the American edition is therefore
barbarous, and the day will doubtless come when invoiced for customs purposes at its proportionate
“nonetheless” will take its place in the dictionary
share of the actual cost of manufacture. Heretofore
as a single word. Many readers not yet old will
the duty has been paid on such actual cost; but the
recall the time when “anyone” and “everyone" and
zealous Appraiser now proposes an innovation. “I
the less common "onto” were invariably printed as
shall hereafter,” runs his announcement, “appraise
“any one” and “every one” and “on to.” The imported bound books at the price at which identical
last-named is still in the transition stage. Rather
books are being freely sold in the English market
remarkable is it that “to-day” and “
“to-morrow
by the English publisher in the usual wholesale quan-
and “o'clock," common though they are and written
tity.” Mr. George Haven Putnam, champion of the
every day by nearly everyone, still remain in a state
rights of readers, authors, and publishers alike, pro-
of imperfect compression, though one does occasion-
tests eloquently and we hope effectively against this
ally see “today” and “tomorrow in print, and amazing ruling. Indeed, we cannot believe that such
more often in writing. These slight changes and an unjust position will long be maintained.
economies that the decades work in our speech,
SUGGESTED READINGS IN THE * BRITANNICA
written as well as spoken, though they may evoke
a sigh now and then from the purist or the old fogy, lovers form an unexpectedly long and attractive list
that are likely to interest library workers and book-
nevertheless pleasantly serve as vivid reminders that
it is a living language in which we express our
as drawn up by Mr. Theodore W. Koch, librarian at
the University of Michigan. The list in full, with
thoughts, and not a medium to be unalterably fixed
or artificially fitted by worrisome word-tinkerers to
the writer's comments and synopses, may be read in
some Procrustean bed of phonetics.
the February number of “The Library Journal.” It
appears that the new edition of the famous encyclo-
MR. MORGAN'S GIFT TO GOTTINGEN UNIVERSITY, pædia contains authoritative articles on the subjects
whereby the English literature department finds indicated by the following headings: Manuscript,
itself enriched to the extent of fifty thousand dollars, paper, incunabula, typography, proof-reading, pro-
recalls the fact that two years of the donor's youth cess (illustrations of various sorts), illustration (other


270
[April 1,
THE DIAL
than process prints), book-binding, book-selling, pub and generally warring communities rather than of
lishing, copyright, bibliography, bibliology, book a nation. Even intelligent Italians find themselves
collecting, libraries, index, periodicals, caricature, at sea upon this vast flood of local allusion, and the
cartoon, newspapers, illustrated papers, map, pamph poet himself has felt the need of appending a com-
lets. Certainly, if any encyclopædia can be called mentary. This is a heavy handicap upon the reader,
a complete library in itself, the eleventh edition of who, in the course of these interesting historical ex-
the “Britannica” deserves to be so styled.
cursions, is apt to forget the starting point. From
this commentary I quote the following impressive
words which give the key or leit-motiv of the poem:
D'ANNUNZIO AS A NATIONAL POET. “That national consciousness is strongest which is most
intimately tempered by time and by example. . . . The
(Special Correspondence of THE DIAL.)
most powerful nation is not that one which improvises its
I seem to recall having seen in THE DIAL some
energy and ardor, but rather that one which, with the faith
and the will resultant from all its past ages, as well as with
vague and rather unsympathetic notice of the re-
its newly acquired virtue, broadens like a flood of many
markable series of Canzoni in triple rhyme which
waters toward the unknown future. Therefore Memory is
Gabriele d'Annunzio printed in rapid succession last the Muse of this poem."
fall in the Corriere della Sera of Milan. On the Whether or not the poet has attained his purpose
24th of January a first edition of this poem was of being the Tyrtæus of the Italian enterprise in
sequestrated by a timid administration on account North Africa, these cantos have at the
present time
of a few satirical stanzas of which I shall submit a a more than literary interest, — are, indeed, the
free translation. A second edition of the book now national apologia for that enterprise, an apologia
appears, beautifully printed by Treves. Now this
the argument of which is briefly something like the
book impresses me as being perhaps the most re following: For historical as well as for geographical
markable one yet produced by d'Annunzio, who, reasons, Italy is, more than any other nation except
despite prejudice, remains, such as he is, the first Greece, vitally interested in maintaining itself upon
poet of Italy since the death of Carducci, -as incon that great sea which, under whatever name, Tyr-
testably as was Swinburne the first poet of En rhene, Ionic, Adriatic, Ægean, is essentially one and
gland after the death of Tennyson. Formally, the Mediterranean. As the channel between the French
book is the fourth volume of the Laudi (Lauds of coast and the English is necessarily the English
Heaven, Sea, Earth, and Heroes). It consists of ten Channel, so by equal political necessity the channel
cantos of masterly versification, whose titles I ren between Italy and Epirus is Otrantine, not Epirote,
der as follows: The Song of Oversea, the Song and the channel between Sicily and Tunis is not
of Blood, the Song of the Sacrament, the Song of Tunisian but Sicilian. “ Italia farà da se,” said
the Trophies, the Song of Diana, the Song of Helen her greatest statesman; she will not exist, as does
of France, the Song of the Dardanelles, the Song the Kingdom of Greece, by the sufferance of her
of Humbert Cagni, the Song of Mario Bianco, the neighbors. Obviously she cannot fulfil the prophecy
Last Song.
of Cavour, hemmed in on every side by powers each
The poem is certainly full of dazzling passages, one of which is individually more powerful than
though I apprehend that it will be found as a whole she, while the supremacy of the Mediterranean is
somewhat lacking in sustained power, and in single divided between England and France. Imagine
cantos more or less invertebrate. The form, and the England in the geographical situation of Italy:
frequent homage to Dante in the way of quotation would not England's stake in the Mediterranean be
or allusion, as well as the apostrophes to the cities immeasurably greater than it now is ? As to France,
of Italy, render comparison with the Divine Poet where she has two great doors opening upon the
inevitable. Whether or not such comparison be, as Mediterranean she has four upon the Atlantic. The
may seem, challenged by the modern poet, it is cer disintegrated despotism of Turkey, weak in all that
tainly unfortunate for him. With all his undeniable respects efficient government, strong only in fanat-
talent, eloquence, alertness, mastery of his instru- icism and ferocity, exists only by sufferance — and
ment, d'Annunzio falls palpably short in the three not by what may be called, as in the case of Greece,
qualifications in which Dante is supreme,—in grasp, an enlightened sufferance. If there be such a thing
in seriousness of purpose, in character. But it is as manifest destiny, it would seem to point to an
very unfair to suggest such a comparison, which Italian protectorate in Tunis, which stretches its
would be crushing to any modern poet since Milton, arms toward Italy halfway across the sea, can,
and in some respects even to him. I leave criticism indeed, be seen in fair weather from Sicily. Italy
to those who shall be able to give the poem that was too weak to dispute the claims of France in that
exact scrutiny which it doubtless deserves, but for quarter, but she has other and better than strategical
which I have not leisure. Time and patience, indeed, reasons for still insisting upon a footing on the north
are requisite, inasmuch as the cantos swarm with coast of Africa: the same reasons that Japan has for
allusions to local Italian history, — local, perforce, demanding a footing on the nearest mainland. The
because from the break-up of the Roman Empire to over-exploited Italian peninsula, rich as it naturally
the founding of the Kingdom of Italy all Italian is, has not bread enough for all her swarming chil-
history was the history of a multitude of separate dren, who are obliged to seek it through the world.


1912.]
271
THE DIAL
from the Levant to Argentina. What more natural And held my palpitating breath to hark
than that Italy should anticipate France or Ger-
If the great shade of some Divinity
Enter the river-mouth with Fortune's barque.
many or Austria in establishing a colony on that
Ah, since so long that awful bourne by me
part of the North African shore which is still
prac-
Was sentinelled, be now my slumber light
tically vacant and ungoverned? It is a question of
And brief beneath the Arch beyond the sea!
economic as well as of national independence. The
Cyrene's Grecian dream be mine to-night
Under the Arch of the wise Emperor
justifications that English, French, American states-
Rescued from sand and barbarous despite,
men put forward for their respective acts of “ benev Wide to the triumph, while from every prore
olent absorption" in the Transvaal, in Algiers, in
Shines peace in Latin Tripoli,
— a train
the Philippines, were shadowy in comparison with
Of camels bringing perfumes to her door.
O sacred odors blown across the plain
those of Italy for her adventure in Tripolitania and
From unknown lands to where the ocean lies,
Cyrenaica. If results have justified the English
Frankincense tawny as the lion's mane,
“condominium” in Egypt and the French colon And wheat and herds and minerals and spice;
ization of Algeria, we may fairly expect that the
And Berenice with her golden hair!
In shadow of the sword is Paradise.
Italian empire over the waiting desert may equally
justify itself.
Here are the prohibited stanzas from La Canzone
Considerations like these may appear out of place dei Dardanelli:
in a purely literary article, but they are in fact essen But one fears more than all the others : he,
tial to an appreciation of the point of view of the
The executioner angelical,
Italian national poet. Whatever may be the final
The Angel of the eternal gallows-tree.
O gloomy Mantua, Belfiore's wall,
decision of the civilized world as to the rights and
Ditches of Lombardy, crouching Triest,
wrongs of questions so complicated as those here
Did ever greater miracle befall?
raised, the observer who would understand the pres-
The filthy Eagle of the double crest,
Who like the vulture vomits from his maw
ent remarkable unanimity of the Italian nation, the
Gobbets of corpses he can not digest!
reader who would give ear to the most recent strains Another miracle: they round him draw
of the Italian Muse, must accord at least imaginative
The noose, now spotless girdle, to denote
sympathy to the line of thought I have so briefly
The old decrepit hangman's pious awe,
sketched. If a Burke could not draw up an indict-
While every night he dreams he feels his throat
Clutched by the mutilated jewelled hand
ment against a great nation, who is likely to have so
That stained with blood the pocket of the Croat!
perfect a vision of history as to be able to give the
lie to a great national conviction? If I can judge
Tbe foolish art of censorship has given a prom-
inence to this bit of satire which it does not in itself
from abroad as to the impressions that prevail in the
United States with respect to the war in Africa, the
deserve. One feels the inferiority of d'Annunzio in
this line
point of view I have indicated deserves attention.
I do not say to Dante to Carducci or
At all events, it is essential to the appreciation of
to Leopardi. The allusion to the jewelled female
the principal passage which I now offer the reader as
hand found in the pocket of a dead Austrian soldier
a fine example of the poetic treatment of a national
is explained in d'Annunzio's commentary. The
theme. I will not indulge in a trite apology for the
satire, if to the address of old Francis Joseph, is
shortcomings of a translation in which no one will
almost as ferocious as the deed! This is not the only
expect the direct and inevitable sweep of the original,
passage in which the poet, aiming at saeva indignatio,
but which at worst is, I hope, a little better than a
degenerates into abusiveness.
One turns with relief to the sweeping picture of a
In La Canzone d'Oltremare the Italian people is
desert battle in the Song of Diana, to the descrip-
addressed as follows by Victory :
tion of Cagni's polar enterprise, to the many splendid
historical pictures.
One of the most beautiful of
With me toward the burning Desert speed,
all is the apostrophe to Genoa about Garibaldi and
Toward the sphinxless desert-land with me,
Mazzini in La Canzone del Sangue.
That waits the foot, the furrow, and the seed,
With me, O fruitful race, that girdest thee
So between Love and Death the hero stood,
To walk upon the ancient ways again
Embarking with his crew red-garmented,
Leading to selfhood and to destiny,
While to one soul he fused that brotherhood,
With me where warriors to reap remain,
Nor did he turn again his noble head
That in the coronal upon thy brow
Toward the eternal shore, for fear to miss
I braid the oaken leaf with bladed grain !
Eurydice whom out of Hell he led.
Beholdest thou me to-day upon the prow
And so didst thou, – but unaware of this,
Erect in
arms, to-morrow I incline
Nurse the pale outlaw of the brow and eye,
My knee upon the glebe that waits the plow,
Banished from home without a Beatrice;
While bare-brawn legions break the battle-line,
Who in the languor of that twilight sky,
And beat their spears to pruning-hooks, and fill
Like to a beacon lifted up his woe,
Thy hungry hands with corn, thy vats with wine.
Like to a banner raised his thought on high,
Too long against the threatened fever-chill
And to the flesh, yoke-ridden by the foe,
And threatened sleep, I watched in Ostia dead,
Breathed that third breath of life, which everywhere
My face to Tiber-slime reverted still,
Doth warm us now, and palpitate, and glow.
Alone my wakeful bivouac I made
Between the pillars which the harbor mark,
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON.
That glow at vespertide with fatal red,
Florence, Italy, March 12, 1912.
prose version.


272
[April 1,
THE DIAL
The New Books.
may serve to correct a prevalent false impres-
sion. Voluntary payments in large sums have
from the first been made to foreign authors
ANNALS OF A GREAT AMERICAN whose works were brought out by the Harpers,
PUBLISHING HOUSE.*
although of course the publishers enjoyed until
It was in 1817 that James and John Harper, recently no copyright protection in making such
the two eldest of the four brothers who estab- ventures, and the authors could legally demand
lished the great publishing house now known no royalties. To Dickens Harper & Brothers
the world over, entered into a partnership under paid £1250 for "Great Expectations,' to Thack-
the style of J. & J. Harper, and started business eray £480 for “The Virginians," to Anthony
as printers in a dingy little room in Dover Street, Trollope £700 for “Sir Harry Hotspur," and
New York, where, as their first important piece to George Eliot prices ranging as high as £1700
of work, they superintended and largely executed for a single novel.
for a single novel. Wilkie Collins, Charles
in
person the printing of Seneca's “ Morals” for Reade, Macaulay, and many other English
the elder Duyckinck, a bookseller of note in his authors were liberally treated by the same house
time. The next year Locke's “ Essay on the in the days before international copyright. The
Human Understanding” was undertaken inde author adds that the record-books of many other
pendently by the young printers, who first, how-prominent American publishers, some of whom
ever, secured enough orders from the booksellers
he names,
66 would show a similar
array
of facts
to warrant the success of the enterprise. and figures, and make clear that while many
Such were the beginnings of the “ House of people in this country and England were of the
Harper," whose history is now traced by Mr. opinion that the editions of English books pub-
J. Henry Harper, one of the third generation lished in this country brought no pecuniary re-
of Harpers at present conducting the business turn to the authors, the facts were that large
handed down from fathers to sons for almost sums were regularly paid by American pub-
century. The completion of the original quar- lishers for the privilege of a few days' priority.
tet of printer-publishers took place in 1825, These arrangements were satisfactory, with few
when Fletcher Harper, the youngest of the four exceptions, to English authors, and were usually
brothers, entered the firm, two years after the sought by them.”
third brother, Joseph Wesley Harper, had cast A most attractive feature of Mr. Harper's
in his lot with the infant establishment. Then richly reminiscent book is the part devoted to
followed a steady and increasingly rapid develop the distinguished authors and editors and other
ment of the business, connections being formed literary or artist workers whose names have be-
with many of our leading writers, and consider come associated with the Harper firm. Some-
able republishing of foreign works being also times these persons are made to tell in part, in
undertaken, with gratifying results to the house. the form of letters or of especially prepared
Four times within three decades serious fire losses papers, the story of their connection with the
were sustained and quickly recovered from, the house. Particularly interesting is the portion
most disastrous calamity of the sort being that thus contributed by Mr. Howells, and not less
of 1853 in Pearl and Cliff Streets, where had welcome is the account of Mr. Henry M. Alden
been built the largest and best-equipped plant from Mr. Harper's pen; also full of entertain-
of its kind in the world, that of Brockhaus in ing recollections are the pages relating to Mark
Leipzig ranking next. The present fire-proof Twain, to George William Curtis, to General
buildings, occupying the site of those destroyed, Lew Wallace, to Lafcadio Hearn and William
were erected with all possible speed after the Black and Mr. Thomas Hardy and numerous
clearing-away of the ruins; and as temporary others. In Mr. Alden's own words occurs the
quarters had meanwhile been secured, the regu- following brief characterization of the four
lar business of the house was not interrupted Harper brothers as he first knew them in the
for a single day.
early sixties:
Reverting to the foregoing reference to the
“For nearly six years after my connection with the
Harpers' republication of English books, one establishment the beautiful association of the four Har-
finds some interesting notes on the subject in per brothers remained unbroken. They were known
among themselves and their intimates by sobriquets
an early chapter of Mr. Harper's history, which
whose origin referred to a time far antedating my ac-
*THE HOUSE OF HARPER. A Century of Publishing in
quaintance with them. James was for obvious reason
Franklin Square. By J. Henry Harper. With portraits. known as “the Mayor'; John was "the Colonel'; Joseph
New York: Harper & Brothers.
Wesley “the Captain'; Fletcher (the Major.' How


1912.]
273
THE DIAL
indelible in my memory are the faces of these men and of Harper & Brothers, with no desire for any other
their frankly disclosed characters!”
business relations. As there is some superstition to the
Of the good old-fashioned business methods contrary, and authors and publishers are supposed to be
of these gentlemen some pleasing glimpses are
natural enemies, I think I may properly testify here to
the friendship which has always existed between my
given. The subjoined anecdote, illustrating publishers and myself. I do not believe the instance is
Fletcher Harper's winning manner in his daily uncommon, at least in America, though I have heard
routine, is here in place :
terrible things about authors and publishers in England,
“ Frederick Halpin was one of the last of the old
while from my own Scotch publishers I have constantly
steel-plate portrait engravers. He frequently did work
experienced a consideration worthy of Franklin Square
for the House, which was always in the highest degree
in the past and in the present.”
satisfactory. He had the artistic temperament, was Mark Twain, of whom some characteristic
gentle, modest and unobtrusive in manner. One day he anecdotes are told in the book, regretted in later
brought in a portrait which he had engraved for the
years that he had not assumed two pseudonyms,
House, and it was taken to Mr. Fletcher Harper, who
looked over the proof of the portrait very carefully.
one for humorous and the other for serious pro-
Turning to Halpin, he said most pleasantly, “It is a
ductions. His historical and sociological study,
very fine piece of work, Mr. Halpin; what is your bill ?' “The Prince and the Pauper," was written, he
Halpin said very modestly, as if almost ashamed to himself declared, in entire seriousness and after
mention the sum, “One hundred and fifty dollars.' 'Is
months of careful reading-up on the period in
that all ?' said Mr. Harper; •I wish for your sake it
was more,' and he immediately paid the bill. Of course
which the little Prince and his Pauper double
this is a small circumstance, but it is not always that were supposed to bave lived. But it was no use ;
successful business men meet demands upon them in the signature “Mark Twain" proved the ruin of
the same cordial, encouraging spirit.”
the book as a sober and earnest piece of work.
Fletcher Harper, by the way, was the grand- Hence the anonymity of his next attempt in sim-
father of Mr. J. Henry Harper, and not unnat ilar vein, “Joan of Arc.” “And did any of
urally many instances are cited of his conspicuous these literary highbrows suggest in all their
ability as the head of the literary department of ravings that it was a book of humor?” asks the
the business and supervisor of its work in illus author. “Well, I guess not! Mark Twain at
tration and of other details having to do with the last stood for something more than mere tom-
artistic side of printing and publishing. But the foolery.”
other brothers also are shown in their character. Mention must not be omitted of the chapter
istic traits. For example, of the eldest, we read: devoted to the cartoonist Nast and his part in
“ James Harper in many respects reminds one of breaking up the notorious Tweed Ring. The
Abraham Lincoln, or rather of what Lincoln would prob-
New York 6 Times,” with Louis J. Jennings in
ably have been had a less heavy burden been laid upon
his shoulders. There was the same keen sense of humor,
the editorial chair and George Jones to back
the same fondness for jokes and witticisms, and the him up as proprietor of the paper, and “Har-
same readiness in finding or making an anecdote pat to per's Weekly," with the genius of Nast in its
the purpose. James's favorite way was to father his joke service, fought mightily and effectively for mu-
upon the person to whom he was speaking. Apropos of
nicipal reform; and Mr. Harper's account of
anything that came up he would say, “That puts me in
mind of what you told me once,' and then would come
the campaign is good reading, and shows the
some story most likely invented on the spot. "Why ! House of Harper as a valiant champion of the
Mr. Harper,' would come the response, “I never told right.
you that; in fact, I never heard it before. It is quite
The last chapter of the book, except the
possible,' would be the rejoinder, but if it was not you
it must have been somebody else,' and then would prob-
brief “ Conclusion,” contains a full and eulo-
ably come another story.”
gistic review of the business activity of Colonel
“A keener judge of character I never knew,' George Harvey, the present president of the
says one of his old friends. “While apparently Harper corporation, and a many-sided genius
joking with a man, he was taking his measure,
whose commercial acumen and administrative
and in this he was rarely mistaken. If he thought ability promise well for the increasing future
him trustworthy there was no limit to his friend prosperity of the great publishing house under
liness, not merely in word, but in act."
his direction. If its second century of achieve-
Mr. Howells's account of his connection with ment shall prompt some yet unborn Harper to
the Harpers should be read and enjoyed in its produce as excellent and gratifying a record of
entirety. Near its close he says, in reference progress as that just put forth in so handsome
to the firm's reorganization of a dozen years ago
a form, with so much of literary charm, and so
and the placing of its affairs under the able appropriately and richly illustrated, there will
management of Colonel Harvey :
be only one thing to regret, — that we cannot be
«Since then I have remained attached to the House there to read it. PERCY F. BICKNELL.


274
[April 1,
THE DIAL
have in fact determined the actual construction
THE MORAL HISTORY OF OUR TARIFF.*
of our tariff schedules ; in short, it is what we
In all American history it would be difficult
may call the moral history of the tariff. Such,
to find an issue which has been more persistently indeed, in the end, seems to be the author's own
before the public than that of the tariff. The conclusion, for in the last chapter we find her
chief difference between the demand for protec- writing: “Simmered down to its final essence
tion to-day and that of a century or more ago the tariff question as it stands in this country
is that when Alexander Hamilton was advocat- to-day is a question of national morals, a ques-
ing this policy the infant manufactures thought tion of the kind of men it is making.” And
themselves fortunate if they could secure duties
we must add that the evidence here adduced is
of five to fifteen per cent, while now these in only too convincing.
fants have attained such growth and propor Miss Tarbell's narrative begins with the Civil
tions that nothing less than a duty averaging at War, — the period which marks such an abrupt
least fifty per cent will satisfy the cravings of change in our tariff legislation. A glance at
their hunger and keep them alive — at least so
the preceding years shows that with the first
they tell us. Perhaps this is one reason why strong demand for fairly high protection, which
the problem has attained such prominence of
came after the War of 1812, several sorts of
late. At any rate we may be sure that before manufactures secured duties ranging from fif-
the current year is over we shall all have heard
teen to thirty per cent. The demand continu-
a great deal about the tariff. Hence we may wel ing, the duties were raised from time to time,
come the
appearance
in book form of the articles
the movement culminating in the famous “ Tariff
on that subject which Miss Tarbell originally of Abominations” of 1828. From then on, until
contributed to “The American Magazine." 1860, the trend of duties in all the tariff acts
The volume is chiefly welcome, however, be but that of 1842 was steadily downward, partly
cause it treats the topic from a point of view
due to the growing opposition and influence of
unlike that of most previous writers. On the
the South, partly to the fact that manufactures
economic side of the question we already have seemed to progress in spite of the reductions.
Professor Taussig's authoritative work. Others On the outbreak of the Civil War the govern-
have dealt with its political history. But in the
ment naturally turned to the tariff, since from
book before us still another phase of the subject the first customs duties had been the chief source
is developed, and it is one which much needs
of revenue. Throughout the war rates were rap-
attention. To quote the author herself, here " is idly advanced, so that the average rate on duti-
an attempt to tell in narrative form the story of able commodities in 1864 was forty-seven per
this defeat of the popular will,” since, “as far
cent as compared with about twenty per cent in
as the tariff has been concerned public opinion 1860. But the really significant fact is that
has never been fairly embodied in the bills
these high rates, which everyone assumed to be
adopted.” Had this popular will been followed simply temporary, which, in fact, could never
“there would be to-day no duties on iron and have been obtained but for the pressure of a
steel products, on cheap cottons and cotton mix. great crisis, not only were not appreciably re-
tures, and certainly none on a great variety of duced, generally speaking, after the war (the
raw materials probably including raw wool.” revenue duties excepted), but in more recent
The reason is that in these cases and many
years have actually been still further increased,
others either the purposes of protection have till in 1897, on the passage of the Dingley Tariff,
been realized or it has been proved that they the country reached a level of duties averaging
never could be realized, and in either instance fifty-seven per cent, the highest in our history,
the duty should be withdrawn. Some readers
One might almost infer that the longer we had
will be inclined to doubt whether the author
a tariff the more we needed it. At least the
has gone into the question as to the economic situation is bound to arouse one's curiosity and
effects of the tariff with sufficient thoroughness to lead to the inquiry, how is it possible to bring
entirely to fulfil this promise. What she has about a trend of affairs so diametrically the oppo-
given us is rather a story of how the tariff is
site of what we might reasonably expect? This is
actually made, a description of how private bar- what Miss Tarbell tries to explain, and the nar-
gaining, special interests, lobbying and political rative, vividly told and full of the human ele-
wire-pulling, rather than economic principles, ment, is as interesting as it is illuminating.
* THE TARIFF IN OUR TIMES. By Ida M. Tarbell. New A typical example of tariff-making is fur-
York: The Macmillan Co.
nished by the now famous wool and woolens


1912.]
275
THE DIAL
schedule. The interests of the growers and as the most hopeful social worker has seldom
manufacturers of wool are naturally absolutely dreamed. These evils are, alas ! far more deeply
opposed so far as concerns the price of wool. rooted than the tariff, and their removal infi-
The manufacturers, however, are willing to work nitely more difficult and complicated. It is to be
for a duty on wool which will raise the price of wished that such exaggeration had been avoided,
that product provided the growers will in turn but a volume intended to arouse people on an
lend their political support to secure a duty on important moral issue should not be seriously
manufactures of wool. But inasmuch as the criticized on these grounds.
criticized on these grounds. A narrative of this
cost of the manufacturer's raw material has been character is much more likely to catch the public
increased he very reasonably demands, and gets, eye and accomplish the desired result than the
in addition to the protective duty on his cloth, a painstaking analysis of the carefully trained
compensating duty to offset the increased cost economist, important as such an analysis may
of his wool. Back in 1867 the manufacturer be in its place.
declared that twenty-five per cent net protection Finally, let it be noted that one who believes
was all that he needed, but now he is obtaining in scientific protection may condemn the methods
much more; while it may be noted, incidentally, of tariff-making here portrayed quite as sincerely
that the compensating duty is adjusted on a as one who believes in free trade. It is not until
basis which generally much more than offsets all the people are keenly conscious of the evils
the duty on raw wool and thus really affords which have grown up in connection with these
just so much additional protection. Sometimes methods that the country can hope to secure that
a schedule is shaped by give-and-take bargain- scientific tariff, be it protective or for revenue
ing of this sort, at other times it is chiefly deter-only, for which everyone so strongly hopes. In
mined by the insistent demands of one person, securing such a tariff this book should prove a
as when Senator Sherman practically held up powerful aid.
the whole Republican Party for a higher duty
CHESTER WHITNEY WRIGHT.
on pig iron, or when Wharton got his duty on
nickel, or Whitman his duty on wool-tops. The
extent to which this may go is well illustrated
RE-ENTER-DOCTOR JOHNSON.*
by the tariff-making of 1894, at which time one
So firm a hold on us has the rugged personality
senator after another threatened to prevent any
of Samuel Johnson that his is still a name to con-
legislation until his particular duties were
How odd it is that this grotesquely
granted, the result leading Tom Reed to declare jure with.
that the bill was " framed upon the broad bed-
unromantic figure should periodically issue forth
rock foundation of the necessities of securing of our imagination. When in doubt, intro-
with an irresistible appeal to the romantic side
forty-three votes, and all minor considerations
had to give way to this great underlying princi- | the searcher for literary types or themes. And
ple.” Thus it always happened that, in one or
another of these ways, the interests of certain
once again we welcome with responsive interest
the latest
individuals or sections won out, while economic
re-appearance of the honest, irascible,
principles, even those of scientific protection, sententious old dictator in the very entertaining
were no less completely ignored than the desires
Is the Johnsonian tradition the creation of
of the party or the well-being of the people as a
whole.
Boswell, as Macaulay implied, or is it rather
But when the author turns from the ethics of
due to the dominating personality of Johnson
himself? Mr. Tinker believes that it was John-
tariff-making to some of the economic aspects of
the problem the treatment is less satisfactory.
son who made Boswell great. It is not possible
The conclusions concerning the economic effects
to discover Johnson's greatness in his literary
of the duties need a considerably more accurate
work; it is evident that he represents more than
he achieved in his books - (that he stimulated
and keenly analytical study, and there is fre-
more than he wrote.” This is the idea.
quent evidence of the common tendency to exag-
gerate the tariff's influence. For example, it is
It is the sturdy vigor of this personality, its
implied that the tariff is largely responsible for sincerity and strength as well as its picturesque-
the conditions which exist in the mills of Rhode
ness, that impresses us. Who does not rise with
Island and the evils shown by the Pittsburg * DR. JOHNSON AND FANNY BURNEY. Being the John-
sonian Passages from the Works of Mme. D'Arblay. With
Survey. Would that this were sol for then we
introduction and notes by Chauncey Brewster Tinker. New
could find in its removal a panacea of such power York: Moffat, Yard & Co.


276
[April 1,
THE DIAL
your favor!'
gan to fear
>
quick anticipation when the old lion enters? To of their acquaintance to that of his death he was
meet with Johnson, we are accustomed to go to her admirer and friend. The little gallantries
Boswell; and our visits with the Doctorare likely of speech and conduct which attended his kind-
to begin and end with these excursions. Some ness to the novelist are set forth most amusingly
of us may have the habit, - like a certain Pres in the journal.
byterian pastor of scholarly taste and human in “ After supper, Dr. Johnson turned the discourse
stincts who once said in a moment of confidential upon silent folks -- whether by way of reflection and re-
fellowship : " I keep my Boswell on my study proof, or by accident, I know not; but I do know he is
provoked with me for not talking more; and I was afraid
table and usually read a passage from it before he was seriously provoked; but, a little while ago, I went
retiring.” But it is good to be reminded that into the music-room where he was tête-à-tête with Mrs.
the faithful Scotchman is not the only contem-
Thrale, and calling me to him, he took my hand, and
porary chronicler of the sayings and doings of
made me sit next him, in a manner that seemed truly
affectionate.
Samuel Johnson. The diary and letters of
“«Sir,'cried I, I was much afraid I was going out of
Fanny Burney are rich in something more than
mere reminiscence: here are dramatic sketches, "• Why so? What should make you think so ?'
amazingly vivid and at full length. She met •Why, I do n't know — my silence, I believe. I be-
Dr. Johnson first in 1777, in her father's house.
would give me up.'
you
“No, my darling!-my dear little Burney, no. When
Fanny's sisters were playing a duet when the I give you up
great man was announced.
««• What then, sir ?' cried Mrs. Thrale.
“He is indeed very ill-favoured; is tall and stout; but
Why, I don't know; for whoever could give her up
stoops terribly; he is almost bent double. His mouth
would deserve worse than I can say; I know not what
is almost continually opening and shutting, as if he was
would be bad enough.'
chewing. He has a strange method of frequently twirl-
ing his fingers, and twisting his hands. His body is in
“ Now for this morning's breakfast.
continual agitation, see-sawing up and down; his feet are
“ Dr. Johnson, as usual, came last into the library; he
never a moment quiet; and, in short, his whole person
was in high spirits, and full of mirth and sport. I had
is in perpetual motion. His dress, too, considering the
the honor of sitting next to him; and now, all at once,
times, and that he had meant to put on his best becomes,
he flung aside his reserve, thinking, perhaps, that it was
being engaged to dine in a large company, was as much
time I should fling aside mine.
out of the common road as his figure; he had a large
“Mrs. Thrale told him that she intended taking me to
wig, snuff-color coat, and gold buttons, but no ruffles to
Mr. T_'s.
his shirt, doughty [dirty ?] fists, and black worsted
“So you ought, madam,'cried he; "'t is your business
stockings. He is shockingly near-sighted, and did not,
to be Cicerone to her.'
till she held out her hand to him, even know Mrs. Thrale.
“ Then suddenly he snatched my hand, and kissing it,
He poked his nose over the keys of the harpsichord, till
• Ah!” he added, they will little think what a Tartar
the duet was finished, and then my father introduced
you carry to them!'
Hetty to him as an old acquaintance, and he cordially
No, that they won't!' cried Mrs. Thrale; • Miss
kissed her!”
Burney looks so meek and so quiet, nobody would sus-
And the writer goes on to say that as they were
pect what a comical girl she is; but I believe she has a
great deal of malice at heart.'
in the library, the Doctor's attention was at once “Oh, she's a toad,' cried the doctor, laughing-ra sly
drawn to the books, from which he could not be young rogue! with her Smiths and her Branghtons !"
diverted. Poring over them shelf by shelf, almost Miss Burney evidently put her powers of
touching their backs with his eye-lashes, he at dramatic interpretation to as vigorous and happy
last fixed upon one and began without further use in these intimate accounts as she did in de-
ceremony to read to himself; when the company lineating the characters in her novels. Usually
adjourned to the drawing-room he entered into the dialogue is thoroughly vivacious; occasion-
the conversation.
ally it is altogether Johnsonese in its formality.
In the summer of 1778 Miss Burney made « Mrs. Thrale. Your compliments, sir, are made
her first visit with Mrs. Thrale at Streatham, a seldom, but when they are made they have an elegance
visit made memorable as the occasion of her inti-
unequalled; but then when you are angry, who dares
mate acquaintance with Johnson. She was not
make speeches so bitter and cruel?'
“ Dr. J. —Madame, I am always sorry when I make
yet publicly known as the author of “ Evelina,”
bitter speeches, and I never do it but when I am insuf-
which was then being read and praised by every- ferably vexed.'”
body, but Mrs. Thrale was in the secret and con Quite typical is the scene described by Miss
fidentially imparted it to the dictator, who had Burney as occurring at a party given by Mrs.
himself been beguiled into reading the novel. To Thrale at Brighthelmstone, wherein the old dic-
the infinite delight of the young author, John tator has a characteristic encounter this time
son had nothing but praise for Evelina ” and with Mr. William Pepys.
admiration for Miss Burney; and from the hour “Wit being talked of, Mr. Pepys repeated,
-


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>
“True wit is nature to advantage dress'd,
what stiffly on this occasion; for she and the
What oft was thought, but ne'er so well expres'd!'
Doctor have had their falling out. Here come
“That, sir,' cried Dr. Johnson, is a definition both
false and foolish. Let wit be dressed how it will, it will
Burke and Reynolds to pay their compliments
be equally wit, and neither the more nor the less for any to Fanny; here, too, for once at least comes
advantage dress can give it.'
Boswell, surprised to find that the chair at his
“Mr. P.— «But, sir, may not wit be so ill expressed, hero's elbow is reserved for another; and there
and so obscure, by a bad speaker, as to be lost ?'
is Mrs. Thrale, and many lesser lights who re-
“ Dr. J.The fault, then, sir, must be with the
hearer. If a man cannot distinguish wit from words, he
flect, at least, the brightness of the few. Last
little deserves to hear it.'
but not least, sharing the centre of the stage,
“Mr. P.-But, sir, what Pope means
self-conscious but hardly less captivating now
“ Dr. J.- Sir, what Pope means, if he means what he than then, is little Burney herself. “Whoever
says, is both false and foolish. In the first place, “what
oft was thought,” is all the worse for being often thought,
could give her up would deserve worse than I
because to be wit, it ought to be newly thought.'
could
say ;
I know not what would be bad
“Mr. P. — But, sir, 't is the expression that makes it enough!
enough!” So said the Doctor; and we say
new.'
amen!
W.E, SIMONDS.
“ Dr. J. - How can the expression make it new ?
It
may make it clear, or may make it elegant; but how
new? You are confounding words with things.'
« Mr. P. But, sir, if one man says a thing very ill,
THE ART OF INDIA.*
may not another man say it so much better that -
“ Dr. J. _ That other man, sir, deserves but small
“ Undoubtedly the most significant fact in
praise for the amendment; he is but the tailor to the
modern Western art is that artists, dimly con-
first man's thoughts.'
“ Mr. P. — True, sir, he may be the tailor; but then
scious of the limitations which the narrow con-
the difference is as great as between a man in a gold ventions of the Italian Renaissance have so long
lace suit and a man in a blanket.'
imposed upon them, have been looking for
“ Dr. J. — «Just so, sir, I thank you for that: the
many years once more to the East for new
difference is precisely such, since it consists neither in
the gold lace suit nor the blanket, but in the man by
ideas and new sources of inspiration.”
whom they are worn.'
With this ingenious and ingenuous ming-
“This was the summary; the various contemptuous ling of truth and error, Mr. E. B. Havell begins
sarcasms intermixed would fill, and very unpleasantly, his exposition of “ The Ideals of Indian Art."
a quire.”
It is without doubt of the highest significance
There are some two hundred pages of this that art lovers in the West are in steadily in-
material thus brought together in an arrange- creasing numbers finding spiritual refreshment
ment approximately chronological. Forty addi- | in the art of the Far East, and are beginning to
tional pages contain further allusions to John- realize that the message it holds is one of prime
son found in Miss Burney's later memoirs of importance. But it is our art lovers rather than
her father. *«* It is remarkable,” says the edi- our artists (who may be art lovers, but seldom
tor, “ that no such volume has appeared before; are in the broad sense in which the term is here
for, apart from Boswell, there is no account of used) who are thus turning to the East. Of the
Samuel Johnson more lifelike and picturesque artists only a few of the more thoughtful are so
than Miss Burney's. Yet although practi- doing, and they are more than dimly conscious
cally all the other Johnsonian material has
of the stifling effect of the false standards to
been edited with scrupulous care, Miss Burney's which most of their fellows are committed, and
account has been allowed to remain scattered
from which they find it extremely difficult to
through the pages of two voluminous diaries break away. Had their revolt begun many
and hidden in the now-forgotten ·Memoirs of years ago, as Mr. Havell implies, it is fair to
Dr. Burney.'”
presume that the results as shown in their work
The reader of this volume will echo the senti-
would be much more pronounced than they have
ment. He will, indeed, find it difficult to take
as yet become.
As a class our artists are not
leave of the volume until he has finished it. It
very impressionable. Modern training does not
contains more than it promises; for while the conduce to this. It might be supposed that of
ponderous figure of the great Samuel, awkwardly all men they would be the quickest to recognize
see-sawing in its chair, dominates every scene, merit in any work of art, however strange its
there are a dozen brilliant notabilities of the form. Instead the effect of the neo-romantic
day joining in the discourse and listening In individualism in which most of them are steeped,
varied moods for the pregnant “Sir!” of the
* THE IDEALS OF INDIAN ART. By E. B. Havell. Illus-
oracle. Here sits Lady Mary Montague, some trated. New York : E. P. Dutton & Co.


278
[April 1,
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and of the habit of concentrating their attention emotion. The author does not leave us in doubt
upon scientific problems of realistic representa as to where he stands.
tion, is that from paintings and sculpture con “ The true aim of the artist is not to extract beauty
ceived in a spirit different from that to which from nature, but to reveal the Life within life, the
they are accustomed they turn away unmoved.
Youmenon within phenomenon, the Reality within un-
And Far Eastern art works in particular are
reality, and the Soul within matter. When that is re-
vealed, beauty reveals itself. So all nature is beautiful
likely to mean little or nothing to them because
for us, if only we can realize the Divine Idea within it.
they do not understand them.
There is nothing common or unclean in what God has
The wider public outside the studios is for made, but we can only make life beautiful for ourselves
the most part ignorant of art, and either echoes
by the power of the spirit that is within us. Therefore
the artists' views, or, in looking at works of art, images of the gods, the artist should depend upon spirit-
it is, as the sage Sukracharya says, that, in making
sees only the subject matter. Still on the whole, ual vision only, and not upon the appearance of objects
the public is more receptive of new ideas than perceived by human senses."
the artists are, and it includes a group of de- It may be that the cultivation of this faculty of
voted students who have performed a service of spiritual vision was
inestimable value to the advancement of art by “the main endeavor of the Indian artist in the golden
their efforts to make the art of the East widely age of Indian art and literature . . . when the immortal
known and appreciated for the vital thing it is.
Hindu epics, the Râmâyana and the Mahâbhârata, were
Mr. Havell, though an artist, should be counted
moulded into their present form; when the poet Kalidasa
sang at the court of King Vikrama; and when the sculp-
in this group. He was for some years the
tors of Elephanta and Ellora hewed out of stupendous
principal of the Government School of Art in
masses of living rock their visions of the gods throned
Calcutta, and it is due to his initiative and per in their Himalayan paradise,”
severance that Indian students have abandoned though one suspects that Mr. Havell draws
the attempt to master European methods and somewhat upon his imagination in making this
have been induced to resume their native tra statement, as he does also when he goes back to
ditions in art, with most encouraging results as the Vedic
age for the origin of Indian art, and
shown in the work of his pupils and notably in asserts that it was conceived when that wonder-
that of Mr. Tagore. As director of the Calcutta ful intuition flashed upon the Indian mind that
Art Gallery, also, Mr. Havell performed true the soul of man is eternal and one with the Su-
knight's service for the recognition of Indian preme Soul, the Lord and Creator of all things.
art. Four years ago he published his “ Indian Without doubt the content of Indian art is
Sculpture and Painting. This was a pioneer not intelligible unless interpreted in the light
work. Not enough is known about the histor- of Indian religion and philosophy. And in the
ical development of art in India to afford mate principle insisted upon in the ritual of the Indian
rial for more than an incomplete sketch. What yogin, that it is necessary for the artist to identify
he accomplished was to give an idea of the scope himself absolutely with his subject, there is a
and character of the creative arts of painting measure of truth, for an artist can express only
and sculpture as practised in India from ancient what he feels. But it cannot be too often pointed
times, and to tell of the existence of a much out that art is not the thing said but the manner
larger remnant of notable works than were gen- of saying. Though the artists who produced the
erally known. His attempt to interpret the aims great religious paintings and sculptures were
and ideals of the artists was less successful. His believers, and may even have been fiery zealots,
enthusiasm did not meet with quite the response the force that quickened the creative impulse
from the critics that he seems to have expected, and inspired the masterpieces was not religious
and partly in reply to their exceptions to what emotion but love of the work itself, or, in other
they regarded as over-statements and partly to words, the desire of the artist soul for self-
fill in “particulars necessarily omitted,” he expression. Religious fervor alone never brought
again addresses himself to the public in a work forth a work of art. Its tendency is rather to
which may in a sense be considered supple- turn the artist from his art. Indeed it would
mental to the earlier book.
seem not improbable that herein lies at least a
In Indian idealism Mr. Havell finds “ the partial explanation of the fact that in India art
key to the understanding, not only of all Asiatic did not reach the full development it attained in
art but of that of the Christian art of the Middle China and Japan, though it was India that gave
Ages.” Baldly stated, this means that not only those lands the “ kindling ideals and imagery"
Indian art but a large part of European art that spurred them onward, and that have domi-
should be viewed as the exponent of religious nated the thought of all eastern Asia.


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Blinded by excess of devotion, Mr. Havell treat of the later and, to many, the more interest-
refuses to concede that Indian art is inferior to ing contest. The two last-named were public
that of Japan or China. He insists that the addresses, both delivered in the South, — the
whole essence of Asiatic art-creation lies in the last upon the occasion of the centennial celebra-
inper informing spirit," and that our relative tion of the birth of General Lee, at Washington
estimate should rest upon the extent to which and Lee University. The two remaining papers,
“the original creative thought-power” in India both again concerned with the Civil War, offer
has acted
upon
that of the countries to which it instructive and destructive enlightenment upon
was carried.
the diplomacy of that trying time. Entitled
We need only turn to the illustrations in this “ An Historical Residuum ” and “ Queen Vic-
volume to be convinced that the claims of Indian toria and the Civil War,” each states a widely
art do not have to be bolstered up by such spe- known and generally accepted historical tradi-
cial pleading. Very splendid are many of the tion which the author convincingly shows to be
works shown in these excellent photographic unfounded. To be sure, there is little save
reproductions. Their artistic worth is quite negative evidence, but there is sufficient of that
apparent, even to those without knowledge of to dispose conclusively of the story.
the religious ideas they embody. While we
In the first essay,
66 The Battle of Bunker
may not in every instance be able to go as far Hill," the author proves conclusively that the
as Mr. Havell does in his enthusiastic commen entire affair was replete with “gross military
dation, we should feel grateful to him for bring- blundering on both sides." In choice of posi-
ing these works to our attention. In some of tion, arrangements before the battle, and mili-
his theories he asks us to recast our ideas of the tary tactics, each commander was repeatedly at
psychology of art production,—as when he sug- fault, while in every case the luck was all on the
gests that the abnormally slow development of American side. This is not a new view of the
the technic arts in the Indian civilization was battle, as Mr. Adams himself states, for the mis-
deliberately willed. But the task of the pio- takes of that day were clear to contemporaries
neer in this field is not a light one. Mr. Havelland were catalogued and analyzed by military
has approached it in a catholic spirit and with writers of the time. They have, however, been
an open mind, and he has the needful equip- lost sight of in a vanishing perspective, and a
ment of profound knowledge of Indian thought romantic worship of Revolutionary heroes has
and acquaintance with Indian literature. His
His created a fiction of superior generalship, a tradi-
presentation of the ideals that have found ex tion which later generations have accepted as
pression in Indian art could not be clearer. He unquestioned. The one remarkable feature of
is a forceful writer, and did he not mistake the the battle, as of others in the Revolutionary
message of art, which is not religious but War, was the resourcefulness of the American
æsthetic, we should have little fault to find with soldier in improvising hasty yet effective en-
his book, which is interesting and stimulating trenchments. This, says Mr. Adams, was a
throughout. FREDERICK W.GOOKIN. new departure in warfare long neglected by
European armies, though to-day a matter of
careful instruction. The blunders of Prescott
on June 17, 1775, were counterbalanced by the
STUDIES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.*
greater military stupidity of Gage and Howe.
Mr. Charles Francis Adams's collection of But Prescott's men at least proved that the
“Studies Military and Diplomatic " comprises shovel and pick were implements of war, and,
ten historical essays, each bearing out the as Putnam sagely remarked, “the Yankee as a
author's reputation for vigorous writing, origin- soldier was peculiar, not seeming to care much
ality, and accuracy. Of the eight chapters de- about his head, but dreadfully afraid of his
voted to military history, three treat of battles,- shins; cover him half-leg high, and you could
Bunker Hill, Long Island, and New Orleans. depend on him to fight." Prescott, Mr. Adams
Two others, “ Washington and Cavalry” and writes, did not realize the lesson his soldiers
“ The Revolutionary Campaign of 1777,” throw bad taught,
had taught, “and apparently it took almost a
further light on the Revolutionary period; century for the professional soldier to master
while “ Some Phases of the Civil War,” “ The the fact thoroughly; but those light, temporary
Ethics of Secession,” and “ Lee's Centennial ” earthworks, scientifically thrown up on Bunker
STUDIES MILITARY AND DIPLOMATIC, 1775–1865. By
Hill in the closing hours of a single June night,
Charles Francis Adams. New York: The Macmillan Co. introduced a new element into the defensive tac-


280
[April 1,
THE DIAL
run of
Juck.”
an
tics of the battle-field. Its final demonstration its influence upon industry within the South, or
was at Plevna, a whole century later."
upon trade (save the cotton trade) of foreign
While fully recognizing the military ability nations. The picturesque and dramatic features
displayed by Washington in the later years of of the blockade have had adequate description,
the Revolution, Mr. Adams maintains in several but there remains the question, What did it
essays that Washington, like all other American really mean, not only for the South indeed, but
generals, had to learn the art of war, and that for the great neutral nations ?
in the earlier years his management of the army It is possible that the military essays will
was often defective. The battle of Long Island appeal more to the general reader than the two
is cited in particular as an illustration of bad which discuss diplomacy. The studies of cam-
judgment and poor tactics, the Americans being paigns and battles and the lifelike portraits of
saved by the “stupidity and dilatoriness of the our great military figures permit an uncompli-
enemy” and being blessed by an “amazing cated, straightforward narration, which the au-
pure It is pointed out also that thor's facile pen makes unfailingly interesting.
it was long before the effectiveness of cavalry It inevitably holds the reader's attention, even
as a scouting and feeling arm of the service was though scholarly investigation has obliged the
understood. Both Americans and British were writer to tone down the lights and shadows, and
at fault here, the former not seeming to under sometimes to lay bare a misfortune or a deficiency
stand the importance of organizing a cavalry of which the general public has been spared the
force, and the latter not utilizing that which knowledge. Nevertheless, the two studies in
they had.
diplomatic history, though more difficult of nar-
In still another essay, treating of effective war ration, should also prove keenly interesting. To
fare, but this time referring to the Civil War, the any with a predilection for a well-constructed
author criticizes the historian Rhodes for under detective story, the skill with which the crime of
rating, or at least for under-stating, the tremen historical mis-statement is unravelled will chal-
dous value to the North of a greatly superior lenge the closest attention ; while to the histo-
naval force. The blockade, writes Mr. Adams, rian, these
essays
have additional value, being
when one seeks for the chief cause of Northern based in all probability on the unpublished diary
victory, outweighed all other advantages com of the writer's father. This invaluable journal
bined, and was indeed the final compelling force of America's ablest representative in Europe
whose enveloping embrace the South could not during the Civil War has been in the keeping of
escape.
his son, the present essayist, for many years. It
“ A distinct grasp and full recognition of the advan is undoubtedly a repository of unguessed richness
tage in the struggle pertaining to the mastery of the to the historical seeker, and evidence based upon
sea is one of the most noticeable deficiencies in Mr.
such a source is of unquestioned authenticity.
Rhodes's treatment of the outcome of the conflict. In
this respect his narrative is lacking in a proper sense of
The essays further show clearly the fallibility
proportion. As compared with the space devoted to of recollections the unreliability of memory
the movements on land, he fails to give to the sea opera unsupported by exact records, even when the
tions the emphasis properly belonging to them."
reputation and integrity of the writer are beyond
In Mr. Adams's opinion an examination of doubt.
doubt. Well within this category should come
conditions giving the North an advantage sim- the “ Recollections of President Lincoln and
mers down to “one factor, the blockade, as the his Administration,” published in 1890 by Mr.
controlling condition of Union success. In other L. E. Chittenden, Register of the Treasury in
words, that success was made possible by the un 1861-1865, and after that a lawyer in New York.
disputed naval and maritime supremacy of the In a chapter devoted to the Laird Rams, then
national government. Cut off from the outer building in England for the Confederacy, Mr.
world and all exterior sources of supply, reduced Chittenden recounts chronologically, and often
to a state of inanition by the blockade, the Con- dramatically, the events in England and America
federacy was pounded to death."
leading to his summons to the White House in
While historical writers generally have appre- | 1862, and the demand then made upon him that
ciated the blockade as a weapon, and have ad-he prepare ten million United States five-twenty
mitted the immense value to the North of its coupon bonds to be ready for shipment to Great
naval supremacy, few, hitherto, have ranked it Britain in less than three days. This device was
as of the first importance. However, the block- urged by our Minister at London, who it seems
ade in the Civil War has yet to be investigated had sent a special messenger to Washington and
with thoroughness. There has been no study of suggested the expedient. The ships were to be


1912.]
281
THE DIAL
used by the Confederacy in breaking the block serviceable to the South. It has been pleas-
ade; Southern agents were busy in London, and ant to Americans to believe that the gracious
the need of prompt action by the United States Queen interested herself in the preservation of
government was evident. The efforts of the the Union, but the present study shatters this
American Minister had succeeded in having a
“ Victorian legend."
“There is nothing what-
restraining order issued against the Rams, but ever to indicate that the Queen ever felt any per-
the order was void unless the United States sonal interest in the American struggle, or, after
could make an indemnity deposit of £1,000,000 the Prince Consort's death (December 1861),
sterling. To meet this emergency the bonds sought to influence in the slightest the policy of
were essential. Such is the bare skeleton of a the ministry in regard to it."
story very entertainingly, even convincingly, While Mr. Adams's conclusions in general
told by the ex-Register of the Treasury, who are thoroughly convincing, his findings in regard
speaks with the authority of a participant-even to the final cause of British non-intervention in
a star actor in the drama. In effect, Mr. Chit behalf of the Confederacy lack something in con-
tenden is the only living survivor" of secret firmation. Granted Palmerston's jealousy of
and mysterious happenings; and in breaking Gladstone, and the latter's indiscretion in assum-
silence after thirty years he omits no vivid detail, ing to foreshadow Cabinet policy, it is still diffi-
recalling clearly the various steps taken, from
cult to believe that the cause of the South was
Minister Adams's instigation of the plan to his so evenly balanced that the accident of personal
own physical exhaustion in signing the bonds.
distrust should determine its fate. Doubtless
The "Historical Residuum” remaining after the it was a genuine satisfaction to the Prime Min-
present author's searching investigation has ister to nullify Gladstone's vaunted predictions
failed to corroborate most of the points of the as partial punishment for his temerity, but the
story, and can be summed up in his own words: facts are as yet not sufficiently well known to
“The amount involved and the number of bonds permit a final judgment. In most respects, how-
returned to the Treasury were alone accurately' ever, one must agree with the author's findings,
stated.” The other real facts behind the and must congratulate him upon the skill with
Chittenden narrative were brought out in the which he makes minute historical investigation
publication in 1898 of the letters of John readable and attractive. Meanwhile, students
Murray Forbes, one of two men who, under of history await with expectation that larger re-
wholly different instructions and conditions, sult of Mr. Adams's studies for which the Diary
were in 1863 (not 1862) secretly commissioned
of his father should furnish the basis, or it may
to go to England to buy the Rams. Needless be an edition of the Diary itself.
to say, the American Minister not only had no
EPHRAIM DOUGLASS ADAMS.
part in the matter, but his assistance was neither
sought nor offered.
In “Queen Victoria and the Civil War” the
RECENT POETRY.*
author quotes the personal reminiscence of one
“Horizons and Landmarks," by Mr. Sidney Royse
of New York's first citizens as given at a great Lysaght, is a volume of intimate verse, which takes
public banquet in that city in 1901. He, the
hold upon the mind by virtue of its sheer sincerity.
speaker, had in 1862 been charged by the Ameri-
This
passage, for example, reveals the childish mind
can Minister in Paris with a secret message for
Mr. Adams in London. He was to inform the * HORIZONS AND LANDMARKS. By Sidney Royse Lysaght.
New York: The Macmillan Co.
American Minister there that Napoleon III. had
EIDOLA. By Donald J. Overy. London: David Nutt.
proposed to Great Britain to recognize the Con WINDFLOWERS. A Book of Lyrics. By William Force
federacy at once. Upon receipt of this message
Stead. London: Elliot Stock.
Mr. Adams, according to the story, went di-
POEMs. By Gerald Gould. New York: Mitchell Kennerley.
The Lost VOCATION. By Marion Fox, London: David
rectly to Windsor, was granted an audience with
Nutt.
the Queen, and received her assurance that The Human Fantasy. By John Hall Wheelock, Boston :
“Great Britain would not recognize the Con-
Sherman, French & Co.
federacy.” Negative evidence again comes to
HARD LABOR, and Other Poems. By John Carter. New
York: Baker & Taylor Co.
the rescue, not only in regard to this particular
THE VOICE OF THE INFINITE, and Other Poems. By
utterance of the Queen (for the author clearly N. D, Anderson. Boston: Sherman, French & Co.
proves that no such audience was ever held),
Youth, and Other Poems. By Charles Hanson Towne.
New York: Mitchell Kennerley.
but for all that critical period when British in-
LITTLE GRAY SONGS FROM ST. JOSEPH's. By Grace
tervention was looked to or would have been Fallow Norton. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.


282
[April 1,
THE DIAL
and heart as they persist in the consciousness of
maturer years.
“No need had we the world to roam
To find new shores, for round our home
Our undiscovered lands arose
In autumn mists, in winter snows.
On summer nights in whispering trees
We heard the wash of Indian seas;
And ripening waves of harvest rolled
Over our hills the realms of gold;
And flood-time mapped familiar lands
With island shores and foreign strands;
And tidings of unventured ways
We gathered in the darkening days
When leafless woods began to moan
And twilight opened gates unknown.
A narrower, homelier world we knew
In winter time, and kinder grew
The sheltering bounds of landmarks old;
And, gathered within farm and fold,
The sound of voices and the stir
Of labour seemed the merrier
Because so lonely and so wide
And homeless was the world outside."
One cannot read the “ First Horizons" from which
these lines are taken without recalling “Snow-
bound,” which, on a larger scale, makes its appeal
by the same qualities of simplicity and truth. This
is the very spirit of childhood, and happy are they
who have not wholly lost it with the years :
“We were a part of all that we beheld
In those young days: it was our joy that welled
Into the sunshine with the mountain rill,
Our heart that in the rose's heart lay still,
Our wings that held the sea-bird o'er the foam,
Our feet that brought the wandering outcast home.
Earth had no secret that we could not share
For everything we saw and loved we were."
Even in those poems which portray the soul freed
from the illusions of youth, and face to face with the
enigma of existence, the note of wistful reminiscence
is heard. In “The Test of Faith,” Mr. Lysaght lets
us see how his thought has worked out the moral
problem of the world, finding the solution which
William James puts forth with persuasive eloquence
in his philosophical essays.
“We have beheld the evil and the good,
And know, ourselves, the strength of wrong withstood.
May it not be that God is everywhere
Striving Himself against eternal wrong?
May it not be that on that battle-field
He needs the help of those His love would shield ?
May not His arm be bound by our despair ?
May not our courage help to make it strong ?
“Come! ere strength fail us, be it ours to guard
That good which now can be upheld or marred, -
Tending, it may be, in our earth-born dust,
The mortal seed of some immortal bloom.
Come! can we dare to pause or hesitate
When we may be the conquerors of fate,-
When fighting on God's side for life's great trust
Our victory may break the bonds of doom ?
" And if no hope appears, yet having seen
Dreams of what should be and what might have been,-
If as a crippled battle-ship that sinks,
Flying her fighting colours to the fleet,
We face the end, is there no fountain-head
Of strength divine from which such strength is fed ?
Must not our lives be bound with unseen links
To some great heart that cannot know defeat ?”
These revelations of the inner life, whether concerned
with picturings from the pages of memory or with
the vision of the world as revealed to the ripe intel-
ligence, constitute a volume of very beautiful verse,
verse of the sort over which one lingers and to which
one is tempted to return. Mr. Lysaght's thoughts are
not only worth while, but they are also embodied in
measures that delight the ear.
Mr. Donald J. Overy opens his volume called
“Eidola” with an “apologia.”
“I care not though ten thousand have sung
Divinely well.
I too will sing.
What though ten thousand have loved
Shall my love have no Spring ? "
And so he sings, in a thin and not altogether tuneful
voice, such strains as the following:
“She sat on the primrose-bank alone,
A green-clad maid, and there,
In her lap, the wayside flowers were thrown,
While daffodils decked her hair.
"Was it a lark, or a lake of blue
With a silver strand, in the sky,
That she held her head so high to view,
To drop it, soon, with a sigh?
“Nay! 't was the whisper, the echo, the call ...
That none but a woman may hear,
In the spring of the year and on to the fall,
That makes life's meaning clear."
Mr. Overy's verse is rather commonplace; neither
in sentiment nor in diction does it have the arrest-
ing quality without which all attempted poetry is
futile.
The title-page of Mr. William Force Stead's
“Windflowers" thus appeals to the "skimming
critic":
“Read ye either not at all,
Or discerningly and well.”
We have read Mr. Stead's lyrics with sufficient
discernment to discover in them a most exquisite
music and a marked clarity of thought. This epi-
taph for a young girl, for example, closely approaches
perfection:
“A week since, and I saw her smile
In sunlight by the meadow-stile:
A day since, and the lilies gave
Faint light and fragrance from her grave:
And now, with dawn above them spread,
She and the lilies both are dead."
It seems to belong in the Greek Anthology, and we
could easily imagine it to have been penned by
Landor. And here is a lyric whose wayward move-
ment reminds one of Meredith:
“O that I could sing of her, sing of her as she is,
Sing the light her spirit scatters, all the aural bliss
Round her ever wreathing, -
In measures of her breathing.
"O that I could sing of her, sing of the sunrise darting
Brightly from those cloudy rifts that are her eyelids parting;
Sing all her wild March-gladness,
And quiet May-noon sadness.
“O that I could sing of her, sing of my lovely one!
I should be as God whose singing shaped the moon and sun,
And set the quick herb growing,
And rhythmic rivers flowing.”
27


1912.]
283
THE DIAL
97
The most ambitious of these lyrics is “The Song of
Bolderwood,” in the form of an ode, from which
we quote this section:
“ The Holy Spirit spake to me,
Saying: When thou hast ceased to be,
Thou shalt at last attain
Unto the calm of middle night,
And clarity of morning light,
And helpfulness of rain.
In May, the month of bluest flowers,
Thy spirit shall be given wholly
To shining through the golden hours
By hill and meadow lowly.
This light that was so dim in thee,
That Alickered in adversity
On sin-dominioned ways,
This light that sank amid the gloom
Of hollows ridged with peaks of doom,
This light, a taper in a tomb,
Shall rising trick its rays;
Of it shall be the twilight hue
Of pansies, and the morning blue
Of wild wood-violets;
Forget-me-not and robin's eye,
And hare-bells, like a placid sky
After the red sun sets,
Shall own the spirit's risen light
And clearly shall it shine
In corn-flowers on the windy height
And hill-side flower of vine.
In time of rime and sifting snow,
Thy light within the wood shall grow
Red holly and white mistletoe:
In spring, that radiant orb terrene,
The daffodil, that's ever seen
Where grass is longest and most green;
Thy spirit's risen light shall be
Along the washes by the sea
Marsh-mallow and marsh-rosmary."
The thought of death becomes gracious in these verses,
which stand in sharp contrast to the melancholy mus-
ing of most young poets. They seem to be a ser-
mon upon a text from “Adonais”. “He is made
one with nature,”. -or a new expression of the
Meredithian joy of earth.
Mr. Gerald Gould is a graceful singer whose work
we had the pleasure of noticing two or three years
ago. He has both imagination and passion, and the
power of imparting vivid emotion.
Light Love"
is not, perhaps, as deep as some of his lyrics, but it
is one of the most charming.
“Give me not passion - not the touch
Of lips and limbs that yield too much
Not the close shuddering shaken kiss
That says ' A heart must break for this,'
But laughing kisses, soft and light
As these grey moths that cloud the night,
And the half-whimsical caress
That hints, not masters, happiness.
“Sing me not songs that have their source
In raptures perilous perforce —
Not notes that climb the tragic stairs,
But delicate and dancing airs,
As inconsiderate as those gleams
From eyes like star-bewildered streams,
Those locks incontinently tossed
Round brows too lovely to be lost.
“So, when the summer night is spent,
Take back what you not gave but lent,
And lay at some more stable shrine
The gift I never claimed for mine.
Ah! come not when the winter weeps,
With pallid mouth to haunt my sleeps,
Or hands that tremble at my door
To 'mind me of what went before."
The two stanzas entitled “Life and Death” deserve
to be quoted.
“I have lived — for I have seen afar
Upon the silence and the height
Cities enkindled where the star
Of morning slew the stars of night.
“I have died — for I have watched the day
Be withered as myself must be -
Slowly, beyond the gathering grey
And plangent plunging of the sea.”
Miss Marion Fox's verses entitled “The Lost
Vocation" are inspired by a mystical idea which is
thus stated: “The idea of a distinct personality re-
turning from beyond the unknown to re-inhabit a
living human body has been and is often still accepted.
The soul of a nun returning to a world where — for
the most part—such a vocation is now impossible
partakes both of comedy and tragedy - comedy to
the beholder, tragedy to the actor. That this might
be the explanation of that mysterious grayness,
dulness, which we see in so many of our fellows is
a theory I should like to submit, though well aware
how hard it were to prove my case.” “Waiting" is
one of the poems suggested by this idea.
“When you and I have come to meet
Out of the silent southern land,
With longing eyes and hearts that greet
Each other, we shall understand
How all the walking of wild ways
Was but a path to happier days.
"From the hot airs and odours sweet,
Enfeebling mind, and will, and hand;
From glaring sun, and dust, and heat;
From sights bewildering and grand ; -
In some dim place where wood-wind plays
'Mongst dew-wet grass shall meet our ways.
“The soft, cool trees, all green and old,
Wait for the coming of us twain;
The simple birds their hearts unfold
In song, for when we meet again.
Only Time waits with laggard feet,
And turns his hour-glass passing fleet."
Just how this
poem illustrates the thought of the writ-
er's thesis we do not find it easy to understand, and,
in fact, we might read the whole collection without
suspecting that it was designed for the purpose stated
in the introductory note.
In “The Human Fantasy,” Mr. John Hall
Wheelock has aimed to express “the life of to-day
in all its beauty and terrible complexity of joy and
sorrow.” The greater part of his volume is made
up of a narrative poem - a string of episodes —
describing the experiences of a young man hungry
for love, who finds in a shop-girl an object for his
devotions. He does not carry his passion to the
point of seduction, which differentiates the story
from most others of its class. We quote the section
called “Twilight along the Park.”
“ Down the stone valley, carven steps and straight,
Into the clouds, the streets of twilight run
That blend in molten bars about the sun,-
Into the sunset and the evening's gate,
66


281
[April 1,
THE DIAL
“Reopening on starred heaven. The first few
sciousness of duress were mingled with something
Flames of her holy chamber now are seen,
more of the consciousness of soul-cleansing expia-
Beyond the flickering twilight's fields of green
And the pierced clouds deep in the boundless blue.
tion, the appeal would be much stronger than it is.
Mr. Carter clearly has the lyric gift, and his poig-
“ The stately mansions loom along the dark,
The sombre and dim desert all around;
nant outpourings offer a real contribution to the
In the whole world there is one only sound,
science of penology.
A cracked old organ wheezing from the Park.
We e may describe as average magazine verse the
“ 'Mid the starred peace colossal and supreme,
pieces that make up Mr. N. D. Anderson's “The
Presumptuous, the only human voice,
Voice of the Infinite, and Other Poems.” The
Full of old tunes and ditties that rejoice
themes are various, and there is imagination in
Half dolefully and die. The houses dream."
their treatment, but the diction is often painfully
There are other pictures of this sort, etched quite prosaic. As an example of the best to be found
as strikingly, in the course of the narrative. In its
in this volume, we quote from the conclasion of
human aspect, the story has a wistful pathos that “ The Thin Blue Line."
recalls Ernest Dowson, while its staccato passages
" The thin blue line that falters not-
remind us, both in substance and form, of Henley's
God's vengeance on thy Captains be!
“London Voluntaries.” Mr. Wheelock adopts swing-
Have they their fathers' wrongs forgot,
ing and unfettered rhythms, and his diction, despite
To hurt their brothers' liberty ?
its freedom, falls upon the ear with undeniably poet-
All men are equal born, those held;
ical effect. We are informed that he was the Har-
Shall these, the lesser, then in vain
Hold all their fathers made so plain,
vard Class Poet of 1908, and his work exhibits
And seek the slaver's chains to weld ?
precisely the type of vital realism and modernity
God's vengeance on thy Captains be,
that has characterized the group of poets — Moody,
If they hold not their murderous hands!
The wilder race loves liberty,
Lodge, Stickney, Robinson, and MacKaye -- that
Leave then to them their native lands."
Harvard has given to our literature during the last
score of years.
This poem makes anything but a close approach to
The fact that Mr. John Carter, the author of
Moody's great Ode upon the shameful chapter of
“Hard Labor and Other Poems,” has served a term
our dealing with the Philippines, but we welcome the
in the Minnesota State Prison, is made use of by his
writer as a sincere and worthy recruit in the moral
publishers for advertising purposes, but should not
campaign that is bound sometime to bring the nation
to the consciousness of its wrong-doing.
occupy the attention of the critic, except in so far
as the unfortunate experience is reflected in the Mr. Charles Hanson Towne’s “Youth” is a long
verses themselves. Mr. Carter makes no bones of domestic idyl of a young architect and his wife, their
the fact, however, any more than did the author of friends the poet and the girl from the prairies, and
“De Profundis” and “The Ballad of Reading Gaol,” the lady for whom the architect is building a house.
and hence we are not called upon to conceal it. He
It is a sentimental novelette in such verse as this:
voices the cry of his fellows in a “Ballade of Misery “There were low lines of shelves to hold their books
and Iron.”
Volumes they both had long since learned to love -
“Haggard faces and trembling knees,
Omar and Epictetus, Shelley, Keats,
Marcus Aurelius, and R. L. S.,
Eyes that shine with a weakling's hate,
Rossetti, Browning, Ruskin, and some good
Lips that mutter their blasphemies,
Old architectural sets that Donald knew
Murderous hearts that darkly wait:
Almost by heart."
These are they who were men of late,
Fit to hold a plough or a sword.
Or as this :
If a prayer this wall may penetrate,
“New York,
Have pity on these my comrades, Lord!”
With its great theatres and its opera,
And here is the envoy of the ballade:
Its art museums and superb hotels,
Its Subway and its Elevated Road,
“These are pawns that the hand of Fate
Its taxicabs and famed Fifth Avenue."
Careless sweeps from the checker-board.
Thou that know'st if the game be straight,
We regret to record that Donald became ensnared
Have pity on these my comrades, Lord!” (happily for a time only) by the charms of the lady
A rankling notion that the game is not "straight” patron of his art, and that Lucy did not find her
is doubtless at the heart of the sullen resentment
stoic philosophers adequate to console her. Of
with which the convict endures his punishment, but
Mr. Towne's “Other Poems,” we particularly like
as a rule the crookedness of the
“Love's Ritual.”
is evidenced,
game
not by his own fate, but by the fact that it is not “Breathe me the ancient words when I shall find
shared by all who equally deserve it. It is a fate
Your spirit mine; if, seeking you, life wins
New wonder, with old splendor let us bind
tenfold more bitter to the sensitive spirit than to
Our hearts when Love's high sacrament begins.
the stolid, but such differences between individuals
the law, with its measure of retribution, cannot recog-
“Exalt my soul with pomp and pageantry,
Sing the eternal songs all lovers sing;
nize. The appeal of these prison poems is rather
Yea, when you come, gold let our vestments be,
to sentiment than to the sense of justice; if the con And lamps of silver let us softly swing.
77


1912.]
285
THE DIAL
and its laws.
“But if at last (hark how I whisper, Love!),
“How would a laughing soul scale Heaven
You from my temple and from me should turn,
And star on star let fall,
I pray you chant no psalm my grief above,
If o'er the death-song of the worlds
Over the body of Pain let no light burn.
My star of joy should call!"
“Go forth in silence, quiet as a dove,
It is their very artlessness that gives to these lyrics
Drift, with no sign, from our exultant place; the poignant pathos which is their burden, and he
We need no Ite at the death of Love,
would have a dull soul who could read them un-
And none should come to look on Love's white face."
moved.
The late Mr. Henley turned to impressive poetical
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
account his sojourn as a patient in a London hospital.
In Miss Grace Fallow Norton's "Little Gray Songs
from St. Joseph's” we are given what purport to be
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
the verses written from time to time by a working girl
Of unusual interest to students of Far
who spent two years on a bed of pain in a Franciscan Japanese
painting Eastern art is Mr. Henry P. Bowie's
hospital, and finally died. These “little letters to
book, "On the Laws of Japanese
herself,” we are told to imagine, were hidden beneath
Painting" (Paul Elder & Co.). The desirability of
her pillow, and preserved with loving care after her
a treatise setting forth the psychological considera-
death by one of the good sisters. In these stanzas
tions by which the Japanese painters are guided in
she tells us of the chance by which she came into the
the constructive work of picture making, and giving
world:
some idea of their practical application, has long
“Because white hands clasped white hands,
been realized. As an aid to understanding and
And white arms wound white arms,
I'm wandering through the wide world,
appreciation the value of such a book could hardly
Driven by those same heart-storms.
be overestimated, but the lack of the necessary equip-
“Because white arms wound white arms
ment of technical knowledge has hitherto deterred
Must mine hang quivering, bare,
anyone from attempting it. Mr. Bowie lived for
All vain to reach and clasp again
more than nine years in Japan, studying the lan-
White arms again as fair.
guage, learning to write Chinese characters under
“Did they that clasped desire me ?
the tutelage of eminent calligraphers, and receiving
Oh no, 't was heart on heart,
daily instruction in painting from some of the best
'T was lip to lip and life for life
Now living is my part.
of the modern artists residing in Kyoto. In this
way he gained an insight into the animating spirit
“ Did they that loved stand awed at
My masked inheritance ?
of Japanese art, and a working familiarity with its
They laughed and called the echo ...
many canons, such as few other foreigners, if any,
I am a child of chance."
have ever acquired. Of these canons he tells us
What a commentary upon the recklessness of passion
there are no less than seventy-two that are recog-
may be read between the lines of this pathetic plaint! nized as important. Not all of them, however, can
And with what soft appealing beauty is the thought strictly speaking be designated as laws. The word
of death illuminated by the following song:
connotes imperative conformity; and in attaching it
“O great Allayer of our pain,
to mere rules, precepts, and methods, there is some
That some day shuts all eyelids down,
danger of producing a false impression. For exam-
Wilt thou come softly, like the rain,
ple, it is obvious that the eight different ways of
When he goes through to cleanse the town? painting rocks and the eighteen forms of outline
“Wilt thou come singing with the wind,
used in drawing draped figures are not what we or-
Who shouts and sweeps the dust away,
dinarily call laws. Allowance being made for this
And scatters thus triumphantly
The little hoarded heaps of clay ?
peculiar terminology, there can be no doubt that
Mr. Bowie has written an instructive book. After
“Or smiling silent, like the sun
Who ripens ere they fall to rest
a few pages of personal experiences, and a chapter
Earth's flowers and fruits, so one by one,
of miscellaneous information about “Art in Japan,”
They mellow drop upon her breast ?
he takes up “The Laws for the Use of Brush and
“O great Allayer of our pain,
Materials," "The Laws Governing the Conception
O sure Encompasser of all
and Execution of a Painting,” “The Canons of the
Our woe: O come gently, as rain
Æsthetics of Japanese Painting,” and follows them
Doth come; let not thy terrors call."
with a chapter upon “Subjects for Japanese Paint-
There is even a note of joyous anticipation of the re ing” and a brief one upon “Signatures and Seals.”
lief that the end shall bring in such verses as these: This enumeration will show the scope of the book.
But if my star of joy should call
Before the opening chapter Mr. Bowie prints the
A call as stars may give-
cardinal exordium, “Ken wan choku hitsu” (“A
‘Awake, O slumbering little soul,
Awake, arise, and live!'
firm arm and a perpendicular brush”), which is the
keynote in the technic of Japanese painting. Not
“How would a soul reach out to life
so much is said about some of the laws as could be
From silence and the tomb;
How would a soul unfold to light
wished, and from the book alone one could hardly
And up through darkness bloom!
discover how to apply them. But one thing Mr.


286
[April 1,
THE DIAL
A naturalist in
the Northern
wilderness.
Bowie has made very plain. The intent of all the Wills to Dickens are also included. By a curious
laws is to help the artists to produce paintings in chance it happens that Mr. Lehmann, in addition
which every touch of the brush shall be instinct to other ties binding him to Dickens's sub-editor,
with life,—the only kind of paintings, be it said, was himself for one year (1901) editor of “The
that the Japanese recognize as works of art. The Daily News,” the journal started by Dickens in 1845
book is amply illustrated by reproductions of pic with Wills on the editorial staff, but handed over
tures by noted artists, and by an excellent series of to John Forster in less than three weeks; and it
explanatory plates specially prepared by Mr. Shimada also happens that Mr. Lehmann has been since
Sekko to elucidate the text.
1890 on the staff of “Punch,” which Wills helped
to found in 1841. He is, moreover, favorably re-
The so-called “Barren Grounds”
membered in this country as the athletic young
that stretch to and beyond the Arctic Englishman who about ten years ago came over to
Circle to the northwest of Hudson's
coach the Harvard crew and, as it proved, to win
Bay are, according to Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton,
an American girl as his wife. And now for the
in reality rich pastures, clothed in verdure and be-
book itself. After a few pages of introduction,
decked in the short arctic summer with brilliant
which contain some account of Wills and his pecul.
flowers. The animal life is abundant also, for here
iarities, the substance of the volume is presented in
ranges
the great northern herd of caribou which the
chronological order under the headings, “Bentley's
author estimates at over thirty million head. In his Miscellany,” which Dickens edited for two years
latest book, entitled “ Arctic Prairies” (Scribner),
beginning in January, 1837; “The Daily News,"
Mr. Seton gives in his inimitable style a breezy but his brief connection with which has already been
withal very succinct account of his canoe-journey of mentioned; “Household Words," which engaged
two thousand miles in search of the caribou, of his suc-
his editorial attention from 1850 to 1858; and
cessful efforts to find the small remnant of the north-
“All the Year Round,” which he conducted from
ern bison herd, and of his explorations in the region 1859 until his death in 1870. Mr. Lehmann has
north of Aylmer Lake. It is a pleasing narrative supplied such explanatory matter as is required to
of travel, with the quarrelsome bickering children of
knit these letters into a connected and intelligible
the northern woods for helpers and guides and the whole, and he has enriched his volume with por-
good offices of the Hudson Bay Company to forward
traits of Dickens, Wills, Wilkie Collins, and Thack-
his enterprise. Sport and adventure are not lacking,
eray. A good analytical index closes the book.
-as witness the exciting race down fourteen miles in
Being new to the public, these letters furnish a
the canyon of the Athabasca, when “the river showed
fresh as well as an attractive picture of Dickens the
its teeth” and wrecked the outfit, sending the pre- indefatigable and resourceful literary worker, ardent
cious records, notebooks, and drawings dashing down
and at the same time patient, impulsive but stead-
over icy rocks and amid storm-piled timbers. But fast, expecting from his subordinates something of
the book is not merely a record of travel: it is full of
his own conscientious industry, and generous in his
notes and incidents relating to the natural history of recognition of loyal service. It is a book that will
these northern wilds. Not only were the big game,-
help to a better acquaintance with the brilliant and
the bison, caribou, and musk-ox,—the objects of
versatile and amazingly energetic Dickens.
the author's search, but the humbler folk in fur and
feathers and the trees and flowers as well. The
A second series of Mr. J. Alfred
The random
pages of the book abound in sketches of bits of remarks of a Spender's shrewd, often amusing,
scenery, flowers, foot-prints, and bits of aboriginal
shrewd observer. and not seldom profound observa-
life, all portrayed with scientific clearness and often tions on men and things and events—in fact, on any.
with artistic results. Appendices setting forth the thing and everything of live human interest — has
agricultural possibilities of this great region, lists of
made its welcome appearance. “The Comments of
the mammals, birds, insects, and plants, and a plan Bagshot - Second Series” (Holt) purports to be
for the introduction of the Thibetan Yak, conclude
made up from "another box” of the philosophical
this best of all accounts of the natural history of the old bachelor's papers that had come to light soon
prairies of the remote north.
after the publication of the initial volume. Many of
the comments”are in the form of letters, or extracts
Mr. Rudolph Chambers Lehmann from letters, some especially diverting ones being
has peculiar qualifications for the addressed to the writer's niece, Molly Harman, who
Charles Dickens.
editorship of “Charles Dickens as forwards the whole budget of papers to the supposed
Editor" (Sturgis & Walton Co.), the most freshly "editor.” The same agreeable quality of randomness
interesting of the Dickens books celebrating the (if the term is allowable) characterizes this second
centenary of the great novelist's birth. Mr. Leh instalment of Bagshotisms as made the first so enjoy-
mann is a grand-nephew of William Henry Wills, able. Here are one or two good things thrown off
to whom the two hundred or more letters in the by our lamented friend: “I consider it a great im-
book were written by his editorial chief of “House- pertinence for a stranger to quarrel with me, but it
hold Words” and “ All the Year Round.” It should is often quite a compliment for a friend to be angry
be added, for accuracy's sake, that five letters from
It shows that he really cares what I think
New letters of
with me.
-


1912.]
287
THE DIAL
of kings.
as
as the
and say.” “Early in life I had great ambitions.
M. Xavier Paoli, for twenty-five
A friend and
Since I reached fifty I have begun to hope that I guardian years preceding his resignation in
shall get through without scandal.” “Of all the open-
1909 a member of the French police
fighting careers politics is the most ruthless and the force whose special duty it was to watch over the
most exacting. It is a fight in which your
friend persons of visiting monarchs, has probably enjoyed
more than your enemy is a competitor for the prize the personal acquaintance of more kings and queens
you seek. Hence for the ambitious man the society than has any other man living. Shortly after his res-
of an opponent is more restful than the society of a ignation he published a volume of memories, which
friend.” But the following is not what was to have now appear in an English translation entitled “ Their
been expected from so cheerful and wise a philoso- Majesties as I Knew Them" (Sturgis & Walton Co.).
pher: "The worst thing about life is that the worst The English version is by that breezy translator, A.
part comes last. In another life the reward of the Teixera de Mattos, whose work, though not always
just man must, surely, be to work backward from old | English or always accurate or always sensible or
age to youth.” And the writer of this, be it noted, always strictly logical, is always eminently readable.
expressly declares that, as life goes on, he has “less The list of crowned heads discussed is a varied one,
and less time for mere railing against the fixed frame from the monkey-like and enthusiastic monarch of
work of the universe.” The accomplished editor of Cambodia to the sad and quiet Empress Elizabeth of
“The Westminster Gazette" has chosen both a handy Austria, and includes, besides the objects of merely
and an attractive form in which to cast his odds and incidental reference, the King of Spain, the Shah of
ends of observation and reflection.
Persia, the Czar, the King and Queen of Italy, King
George of Greece, Queen Wilhelmina, the deceased
American
“Social Evolution and Political King of the Belgians, and the last three rulers of
lectures of
an English
Theory” was the subject chosen by England. The most unassuming of autobiographers,
sociologist. Mr. Leonard T. Hobhouse, perhaps M. Paoli suffers no illusions as to the skill and suc-
the foremost English sociologist of to-day, for his cess with which he discharged his duties
Beer Foundation lectures at Columbia University Guardian of Kings” (to quote His Majesty George
last year, now issued in book form by the Columbia of Greece), and he is himself by no means the least
University Press. To an American reader the fea interesting personality called up before us. The
ture of outstanding interest in these lectures is not most striking single evidence of his tact which the
anything so very novel in the way of sociological volume records is perhaps contained in the story of
theory, but the novel way, to us, in which the lec the pot of Marseilles “bouillabaisse" which the
turer is enabled to go to contemporary political life Queen of Holland and her suite could not appreciate
for his illustrations, and more than that, for his sup and which M. Paoli consequently refused to touch,
port in advocating a view of social philosophy as an although he was as passionately fond of it as any
adequate instrument for harmonizing human life, Provençal could have been. These pages from M.
doing away with its irrational and blindly struggling Paoli's official life should meet as cordial a reception
elements, and moulding it into a self-directing, coop- in this country as they have already met in France.
erative commonwealth where the best impulses of
human nature will be at home. Evidently England
“Old English Libraries” (McClurg),
is a richer laboratory for the sociologist than Amer precursors of the by Mr. Ernest A. Savage, concerns
ica. The thesis of Professor Hobhouse is that social public library. itself but little with the equipment
progress is a possibility. As against the individuals and management of such libraries, ground which
ists, the believers in uncontrolled competition and has already been well covered by others, but treats
uncontrolled elimination, he believes that society as more particularly of “the making, use, and circu-
a whole can be organized, and can press on toward lation of books considered as a means of literary
a fuller life without leaving a line of broken strag- culture," and makes generous use of illustrations and
glers along the way. The chief argument against facsimiles to render its meaning clearer. A prelim-
this assumption is made by the Eugenists, who claim inary chapter deals briefly with the use of books in
that social progress defeats itself by preserving in-early Irish monasteries, after which come chapters
ferior types and so leading to race deterioration. on the English monks and their books, libraries of
After Professor Hobhouse has examined the alterna the great abbeys and the dispersal of monkish libra-
tive programme of the Eugenists, pointed out the ries, book-making and book-collecting in the religious
purely relative character of what they call desirable houses, cathedral and church libraries, academic libra-
traits, and flatly denied that there is such a thing as ries (Oxford and Cambridge) and their management,
wholesale race deterioration in England, there seems the use of books toward the end of the manuscript
very little left of the Eugenic platform except the period, the book trade, and, finally, the
admitted importance of not permitting the breeding acter of the mediæval library and the extent to which
of unquestionably defective people. Thus the tone of its books were circulated. Appended matter gives
Professor Hobhouse's book is decidedly optimistic; information on prices of books and materials for
and it should have no little inspirational value in book-making, names of classic authors found in me-
America, where social emphasis is so badly needed. diæval catalogues, a list of mediæval book-collections,
Mediaval
general char-


288
[April 1,
THE DIAL
his court.
and a bibliography of the subjects discussed in Mr. attempts to be popular at any cost, and loses both
Savage's work. Mr. James Hutt is chiefly respon in effectiveness and system, — in the quality of its
sible for the chapter on the libraries of Oxford, but appeal as well as in taste and good judgment of pre-
his expected collaboration in the rest of the book was sentation. There are good points both in the thesis
prevented by illness. Industry and scholarship and and in the way in which it is sustained. The con-
enthusiasm have evidently been brought to the pre trast of faith as representing the optimistic view of
paration of the volume, which, despite the unavoid the outcome, with fear as the worrying and depress-
ably dry-as-dust character of many of the topics dealt | ing attitude of mind, is insisted upon in season and
with, does nevertheless contrive to include incidents out of season, and is made to account for a larger
illustrative of human nature, which shows itself to share of the mental economy than it can legitimately
have been much the same in mediæval as in modern support. While commending Dr. Sadler's purpose
England. The fewness and the cost of books, and and, with greater reservations, his mode of carrying
the very restricted privileges of library-users, as it out, it still remains true that faith and fear are
described by Mr. Savage, may well cause the mod not as ultimate or as comprehensive contrasts as
ern reader to feel a renewed thankfulness for his own appears on the surface. They are attitudes consistent
happier lot in this age of the printing-press and the with temperament and to be interpreted as such.
public library.
In comparison with many another book on mental
The Stuart literature is still grow.
hygiene, this volume must be given an inferior
The "jovial
monarch” and ing: one of its most recent additions rating. Moreover, it is affected throughout by a
is a volume by Mr. A. C. A. Brett on
striving for popularity which throws the entire ex-
“Charles II. and his Court" (Putnam). The author position out of balance, and seriously detracts from
feels that an over-critical world has not done justice its usefulness, particularly from the service which it
to the jovial monarch, too much attention having might otherwise have performed on the shelves of a
been given to dubious political policies and to the public library.
king's personal shortcomings in careless word or
deliberate action. But Mr. Brett goes to the other
BRIEFER MENTION.
extreme: personal matters, trivial and important,
are related with much detail; but we do not find
A small volume called “Noted Speeches of George
very much of Charles's activities as a king. Of his
Washington, John Adams, and Patrick Henry” is edited
absolutist schemes and his treasonable negotiations
for school use by Miss Lilian Marie Briggs. It con-
tains also the Declaration and the Federal Constitution,
with Louis XIV., we are told almost nothing; of the
besides biographical sketches. Messrs. Moffat, Yard &
despotism that played havoc with the English con Co. are the publishers.
stitution during the closing years of the reign, prac To the “ Original Narratives of Early American His-
tically nothing. Charles II. "was a very pleasant tory” (Scribner) a volume entitled “Narratives of Early
fellow,” and it is the picture of such a fellow that is Pennsylvania, West New Jersey, and Delaware," edited
sketched in the present work. It must not be as by Dr. Albert Cook Myers, has been added. The dates
sumed that the author is oblivious to King Charles's
of the documents range from 1630 to 1707. Most of
faults; these are all produced and properly labeled,
this matter, with the exception of Penn and Pastorius,
but in addition we are shown so much that is attract-
is unfamiliar and not easily accessible, this being partic-
ive in the royal character that the dark lines fade to
ularly true of the documents relating to the Swedish
settlements. This volume will be a great help to the
some extent. The book also contains valuable chap-
student in clearing up what is probably the most obscure
ters on London in the Restoration period, and the section of our colonial history.
court life of the time. Large use is made of quota In “ The Bible Unveiled” (Independent Religious
tions from the literature of the age, -- the poems of Society) Mr. M. M. Mangasarian, the well-known ration-
Dryden and Butler, the diaries of Evelyn and Pepys, alist lecturer of Chicago, discusses the contents and the
and of other works. The style is humorous, easy, and value of the Bible from a secularist standpoint. Mr.
sprightly,-- in every way in keeping with the theme. Mangasarian's book is really a polemic against what has
Students will find the work valuable as supplement- been termed bibliolatry,-- that is, the tendency to take
ing older authorities; but Osmund Airy's little book
the Bible as a whole, as if it were a literary unit, and
still seems to be the most satisfactory biography of
then to worship it as a unit and as a receptacle of magic
Charles II.
virtues. As examples of this attitude, extracts from
Mr. Bryan's address on the occasion of the Tercentenary
Dr. William S. Sadler's “ The Physi- of the English Bible, and some recent remarks of Mr.
The mind
ology of Faith and Fear” (McClurg) Roosevelt are quoted. Having laid this foundation, the
and disease.
is an example of a popularization author analyses many of the stories of the Old Testa-
of a subject at present much in vogue and legiti- ment, and compares the moral side of Old Testament
mately appealing to general interests. It concerns
life to the moral aspects of the contemporary pagan life.
He then considers the teachings of Jesus, and endeavors
the mind in health and disease. Such contribu-
to show that what has been assumed to be the character-
tions to mental hygiene are now abundant; and
istic content of the Christian ethic was, as a matter of
while indicating a wide interest, the demand sug-
fact, not even unique in its own day, but was born into a
gests the application of more critical standards to world in which pagan morality of the highest and purest
the additions to the supply. Dr. Sadler's volume type was already known to man.
in health


1912.]
289
THE DIAL
-
and poems.
The publication of a new and definitive edition of the
NOTES.
works of Mr. Thomas Hardy, to be styled “The Wessex
Mr. Arnold Bennett's impressions of America begin Edition," will be undertaken immediately by Messrs.
in the April “ Harper's” with a breezy sketch of the Macmillan & Co. of London. The series will be com-
ocean voyage and first glimpses of New York.
pleted in twenty volumes, and two volumes will be
It is announced that publication of Mr. Winston issued monthly. Each book will contain a frontispiece
Churchill's long-awaited novel, “ The Inside of the in photogravure and a map of the Wessex of the novels
Cup,” has been postponed until spring of next year.
« Tess of the d'Urbervilles ” and “ Far
“ The Financier" will be the title of Mr. Theodore
from the Maddening Crowd” will appear first, and the
Dreiser’s next novel, for which he is at present gather-
former will contain a general preface which the author
ing material in Europe. He is also at work on a series
has written for the new edition.
of magazine articles embodying his impressions of Eu St. Paul, Minn., seems now to be assured of the new
ropean life and ways.
library building it has so long needed. A recent news-
* My Friendship with Prince Hohenlohe " is the title paper despatch says that Mr. James J. Hill has an-
of a volume of memoirs by Baroness von Hedemann,
nounced that he will build and maintain in that city a
which Messrs. Putnam will publish this month. The
reference library to cost not less than three hundred
Baroness was for a long period Prince Hohenlohe's
and fifty thousand dollars, and that this generosity on
close friend and adviser.
his part makes it possible for the city to erect a library
The success of the Beautiful England” series issued
building that shall cost half a million dollars, and
by Messrs. Dana Estes & Co. has led the same publish-
further that “the library will represent an expenditure
ers to plan a similar series devoted to “ Beautiful Ire-
of $976,000.” The details do not yet stand out with
land,” for which Mr. Stephen Gwynn will supply the
clearness, but it is evident that the library needs of St.
text and Mr. Alexander Williams the illustrations.
Paul are about to receive something like adequate
attention.
“Through the Postern Gate," a new novel by Mrs.
Florence L. Barclay, author of “The Rosary,” will be
published during the present month by Messrs. Putnam.
This has been appearing serially in the "Ladies' Home
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
Journal” with the title, “Under the Mulberry Tree.”
April, 1912.
The first instalment of Mr. John Fox's new novel, Aeronaut, Fatalism of the. Edward Lyell Fox, Century.
« The Heart of the Hills," appears in the April issue of Albany Trail, The, to James Bay. G. T. Marsh. Scribner.
“Scribner's Magazine.” Another important serial which Arbitration Treaties, Significance of. R. G.Usher. Atlantic.
makes its initial appearance this month is Mr. Jeffery Army, Why We Have No. Leonard Wood McClure.
Farnol's “ The Amateur Gentleman,” in “McClure's.”
Art, Vague Thoughts on. John Galsworthy Atlantic.
A French critic, M. Maurice Bourgeois, is writing a
Ashurst of Arizona. Alfred Henry Lewis. World To-Day.
" Back to the Land" Movement, Two Views
study of the life and art of John Synge, which may be of the
World's Work.
expected later on in the year. The Irish literary move Backward Children, Education of. Rheta
ment received early appreciation from French men of Childe Dorr
Century.
letters, and a good deal of Synge's journalism took the Banks, Our- What Shall We Do with Them?
form of articles and reviews of French books.
Joesph B. Martindale
World's Work.
An autobiographical account of “Two Visits to Den-
Bench, Big Business and the — Ili. 'c. P:
Connolly
Everybody's.
mark,” by Mr. Edmund Gosse, is an interesting item on
Blue, Dr. Rupert, An Interview with World's Work.
Messrs. Dutton's announcement list. The visits were
Book and Heart, My. Margaret Lynn
Atlantic,
made when Mr. Gosse was a young man, and these im Brazil, An American Adventure in. Alexander
pressions of the country and many of its greatest men P. Rogers
World's Work.
have hitherto been held back for personal reasons. Brieux. Temple Scott
Forum.
A series of handbooks entitled “Channels of English
Burma, Wild. Mary Blair Beebe
Harper.
Scribner.
Literature,” designed to trace the genesis and evolution
Cadenabbia. Mary King Waddington
of the various branches of English literature and
Campaigning for the Nomination. A. W. Dunn. Rev. of Revs.
Cape Race, Menace of. George Harding
Harper.
thought, is announced by Messrs. Dutton. The first
Cervantes, A New Portrait of. G. T. Northup Scribner.
volume, to appear shortly, is Professor James Seth's
China as a Republic. Professor T. Iyenaga. World's Work.
“ English Philosophers and Schools of Philosophy." Chinese Republic - Can It Endure? Adachi
Two hitherto unannounced volumes, of somewhat dis Kinnosuke
North American.
similar character, to be published this spring by the
Cities, March of the. Edward T. Williams. World's Work.
Putnams, are “Paul the Minstrel, and Other Stories," a
City, American, In Defence of the. F. C. Howe. Scribner.
series of semi-mediæval romances by Mr. A. C. Benson;
Confederacy, Sunset of the — II. Morris Schaff. Atlantic.
Cuttle-Fish, Capturing a. Charles H. Townsend. Atlantic.
and “Pitching in a Pinch, and Other Stories of the Big
Daughter, The Homeless. Ida M, Tarbell American.
League,” by Mr. Christy Mathewson of the New York. | Diaz, The Passing of. Robert Welles Ritchie Harper.
“ Giants."
Education and the Nation. Henry S. Pritchett Atlantic.
Since completing his life of Karl Marx, almost all of Electorate, Organization of the. W. W. Folwell. Rev.of Revs.
Mr. John Spargo's time not devoted to public lecturing
"Emergency, The Great." George Harvey. No. American.
has been given to the preparation of his “ Applied Social-
Factory that Owns Itself, A. Richard and
Florence Kitchelt
World's Work.
ism: A Study of the Application of Socialistic Principles
Flies, How to Get Rid of. F. P. Stockbridge. World's Work.
to the State,” which Mr. B. W. Huebsch will publish
France of To-Day. Gustave Lanson North American.
this month. It is, in effect, the platform of the pro Garden, The Lady of the. Zephine Humphrey . Atlantic.
gressive Socialist, and presents succinctly his attitude German Woman, The. Hugo Münsterberg Atlantic.
on the important aspects of life under a Socialist State. Hardy's" The Dynasts." Thomas H. Dickinson. No. Amer.
.
.


290
[April 1,
THE DIAL
.
.
.
Harmon, Judson: Progressive Candidate.
Burton J. Hendrick
McClure.
Health, Public, New Meaning of. R. W. Bruère. Harper.
Home Rule and Personal Interests. Roland G.Usher. Forum.
Immigrant's Portion, The. Mary Antin
Atlantic.
“Immoral” Play, My. Mary Shaw
McClure.
Italy's Economic Outlook. James D. Whelpley . Century.
Jews, The - Are They an Inferior Race ?
Nahum Wolf
North American.
Kioto, The Gardens of. Eliza R. Scidmore Century.
Lafarge, Marie, Strange Case of. Marie Belloc
Lowndes
McClure.
LaFollette, Autobiography of
American.
Literary Recollections. W. D. Howells, Henry James,
F. B. Sanborn
North American.
Literature and the Stage. 0. W. Firkins
Atlantic.
Lumber Trust, The. Charles E. Russell World To-Day.
Matches or Men? Gordon Thayer
Everybody's.
Matrimony-Our Most Neglected Profession McClure.
Mercuries Who Race. Edward Lyell Fox Everybody's.
Millet, Recollections of. Karl Bodmer
Century.
Mississippi, Harnessing the. G. Walter Barr. Rev. of Revs.
Municipal Research Bureau, The. Henry
Bruère.
World's Work.
Napoleon's St. Helena Portraits (1813–21). A. M.
Broadley.
Century.
National Waste, Our Stupendous. Frank
Koester
World's Work.
National Waste and Inefficiency, Causes of.
F. A. Cleveland
Review of Reviews.
Passports, Necessity of, for Alien Women.
Alexander Otis
Lippincott.
Playwrights, American, Prosperity of, Robert Grau . Lipp.
Poetry, Exclusion of. William Watson
Century.
Poetry, The Wisdom of. Ezra Pound
Forum.
Police, Mounted, The Pennsylvania. F. B.
Jaekel
World's Work.
Politics, English, Stumbling Block in. H. E. Mahood. Forum.
Poverty, Insuring a Nation against. Frederick
T. Martin.
World To-Day.
Prison Corruption, Our. Julian Leavitt
American.
Public Ownership, Aspects of - V. Sydney
Brooks
North American.
Pulitzer, Joseph. Alleyne Ireland
American.
Race Mixture, American Ideals and. Percy Grant. No. Am.
Remus, Uncle. La Salle Corbell Pickett Lippincott.
Rockefellers of Ancient America, The. Gugli-
elmo Ferrero
World To-Day.
Roman Type, The - How it came to Us.
C. U. Clark
North American.
Rowe, Peter T: The Bishop of the Arctic.
F. Carrington Weems
World's Work.
Schools, The-What They Do not Teach. E.M.Weyer. Forum.
Shuster, W. Morgan - His Own Story World To-Day.
Single Taxers, The. Frank Parker Stockbridge. Everybody's.
Skansen Idea, The. Mary Bronson Hartt
Century.
Socialism, Monarchical vs. Red, in Germany.
Elmer Roberts
Scribner.
South Pole, Amundsen's Conquest of the. Review of Reviews.
Speakers, Our Public. William B. Hale. World's Work.
Theatre, The, and the Insurgent Public.
Walter Prichard Eaton
American.
Third-Term Issue-Is It Negligible? Charles Vale. Forum.
Trade Unions and Public Policy. H. R. Mussey. Atlantic.
Trust Formula, A. Walter E. Clark
Everybody's.
Twain, Mark — VI. Albert Bigelow Payne
Undergraduate, The American-IV. Clayton Cooper. Cent.
United States, Your-I. Arnold Bennett
Harper.
Universities, State, of the Middle West. E. A. Ross. Century.
University, A, that Goes to the People. Mary
Burchard Orvis
Review of Reviews.
Vocational Divide, The. Anna Garlin Spencer . Forum.
Vocational Training in Public Schools. Mary
Josephine Mayer .
Review of Reviews.
Wage Question, Woman and the. Jeanne Robert, Rev.of Revs.
Youth. Randolph S. Bourne
Atlantic.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 120 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its issue of March 1.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Lee the American, By Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. With
portraits, 8vo, 324 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$2.50 net.
George the Third and Charles Fox: The Concluding
Part of "The American Revolution." By Right
Hon. Sir George Otto Trevelyan, Bart., O. M. Vol.
ume I., 8vo, 311 pages. Longmans, Green & Co.
$2. net.
The Life and Letters of Lawrence Sterne. By Lewis
Melville. In 2 volumes, illustrated in color, etc.,
8vo. D. Appleton & Co. $7.50 net.
Margaret of France, Duchess of Savoy, 1523-74: A
Biography. By Winifred Stephens. Illustrated
in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 371 pages. John Lane
Co. $4. net.
The Early Court of Queen Victoria. By Clare Jer-
rold. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 392
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.75 net.
Letters and Recollections of Mazzini. By Mrs. Ham-
ilton King. With portrait, 8vo, 140 pages. Long-
mans, Green & Co. $1.60 net.
Saint Francis of Assisi: A Biography. By Johannes
Jorgensen; translated from the Danish, with the
author's sanction, by T. O'Conor Sloane, Ph.D.
Illustrated, 8vo, 428 pages. Longmans, Green &
Co. $3. net,
Lafcadio Hearn. By Nina H. Kennard. With por-
traits, 8vo, 366 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$2.50 net.
HISTORY.
Providence in Colonial Times. By Gertrude Selwyn
Kimball; with introduction by J. Franklin
Jameson. Illustrated, large 8vo, 413 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $6.50 net.
A Short History of the Scottish People. By Donald
Macmillan. Large 8vo, 504 pages. George H.
Doran Co. $3. net.
The New History: Essays Illustrating the Modern
Historical Outlook. By James Harvey Robinson,
12mo, 266 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Oscar Wilde: A Critical Study. By Arthur Ran-
some. With photogravure, portrait, 8vo, 213
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $2.50 net.
Thomas Love Peacock: A Critical Study. By A.
Martin Freeman, With photogravure portrait,
8vo, 348 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $2.50 net.
The Night of Fires and Other Breton Studies. By
Anatole Le Braz; put into English by Frances M.
Gostling. Illustrated, 12mo, 272 pages. Long-
mans, Green & Co. $1.60 net.
The Comments of Bagshot. Edited by J. A. Spen-
der. Second series; 12mo, 191 pages. Henry
Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
The Thread of Life. By Comtesse de Avila (H. R.
H. Eulalia, Infanta of Spain). Authorized trans-
lation from the original French. With portrait,
12mo, 235 pages. Duffield & Co. $1.25 net.
Forgotten Books of the American Nursery: A His-
tory of the Development of the American Story-
Book. By Rosalie V. Halsey. Illustrated, large
8vo, 245 pages. Boston: Charles E. Goodspeed &
$4. net.
The Wit and Humor of Colonial Days (1607-1800).
By Carl Holliday. 12mo, 320 pages. J. B. Lip-
pincott Co. $1.50 net.
First and Last. By H, Belloc. 16mo, 311 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25 net.
Modern Dramatists. By Ashley Dukes. 12mo, 310
pages. Charles H. Sergel & Co. $1.50 net.
The House of Dornell. By Fergus Graham. 12mo,
221 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1. net.
Selected Essays. Translated from the Hebrew of
Ahad Ha'am by Leon Simon. 12mo, 347 pages.
Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of
America.
Co.
Harper


1912.]
291
THE DIAL
-
Romance and Reality: Essays and Studies. By
Holbrook Jackson. 12mo, 203 pages. Mitchell
Kennerley. $1.50 net.
Noted Speeches of George Washington, John
Adams and Patrick Henry: Including the Dec-
laration of Independence and the Constitution of
the United States. Edited by Lilian Marie Briggs.
With portraits, 16vo, 136 pages. Moffat, Yard &
Co. 75 cts. net.
The Road to Joy. By Louise Collier Willcox. 16mo,
41 pages.
Harper & Brothers. 50 cts. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Plays. By August Strindberg. Translated, with
Introduction, by Edwin Bjorkman.
With por-
trait, 12mo, 268 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.50 net.
The War God: A Tragedy in Five Acts. By Israel
Zangwill. 12mo, 164 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.25 net.
The Heralds of the Dawn: A Play in Eight Scenes.
By William Watson, With frontispiece, 8vo, 93
pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
The Terrible Meek: A One-Act Stage Play for
Three Voices, to Be Played in Darkness. By
Charles Rann Kennedy. With frontispiece, 12mo,
44 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1. net.
Polite Farces, for the Drawing-Room. By Arnold
Bennett. 12mo, 97 pages. George H. Doran Co.
$1. net.
The Pigeon: A Fantasy in Three Acts. By John
Galsworthy. 12mo, 80 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. 60 cts. net.
Three Comedies. By Ludwig Holberg (Baron Hol-
berg); translated from the Danish by Lieut.
Colonel H. W. L Hime. 12mo, 208 pages. Long-
mans, Green & Co. $1.25 net.
Countess Julia (Froken Julie): A Naturalistic
Tragedy. By August Strindberg; translated by
Charles Recht. 12mo, 101 pages. Brown Broth-
ers. $1. net.
The Hill of Vision. By James Stephens. 12mo, 131
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Stranger at the Gate. By John G. Neihardt.
12mo, 70 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1. net.
In the Wake of the Phoenix. By James A. Mac-
kereth. 16mo, 142 pages. Longmans, Green &
Co. $1. net.
Poems. By Gerald Gould. 12mo, 86 pages. Mitchell
Kennerley. $1. net.
FICTION.
A Hoosier Chronicle. By Meredith Nicholson. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 606 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.40 net.
John Rawn: Prominent Citizen. By Emerson Hough.
Illustrated, 12mo, 385 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
$1.25 net.
The Butterfly House. By Mary E. Wilkins Freeman.
Illustrated, 12mo, 292 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.20 net.
Joseph in Jeopardy. By Frank Danby. 12mo, 426
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.35 net.
Zuleika Dobson; or, An Oxford Love Story. By Max
Beerbohm 12mo, 358 pages. John Lane Co.
$1.30 net.
The Mystery of the Boule Cabinet: A Detective
Story. By Burton E. Stevenson. Illustrated, 12mo,
362 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.30 net,
Flower of the North: A Modern Romance. By James
Oliver Curwood. With frontispiece in color, 12mo,
308 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.30 net.
Love in a Mask; or, Imprudence and Happiness: A
Hitherto Unpublished Novel by Honoré de Balzac.
Translated by Alice M. Ivimy. 12mo, 136 pages.
Rand, McNally & Co. $1. net.
The Matador of the Five Towns, and Other Stories.
By Arnold Bennett. 12mo, 420 pages. George H.
Doran Co. $1.20 net.
A Man and his Money. By Frederic S. Isham. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 368 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.25 net.
God and the King. By Marjorie Bowen. 12mo, 376
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.35 net.
Among the Idolmakers. By L. P. Jacks. 12mo, 369
pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.35 net.
The Adjustment. By Marguerite Bryant. With fron-
tispiece in color, 12mo, 506 pages. Duffield & Co.
$1.35 net.
The Return of Pierre. By Donal Hamilton Haines.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 307 pages. Henry Holt
& Co. $1.25 net.
The Drunkard. By Guy Thorne. 12mo, 482 pages.
Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.35 net.
The Burgundian: A Tale of oid France. By Marion
Polk Angellotti, Illustrated, 12mo, 363 pages.
Century Co. $1.30 net.
Fathers of Men. By E. W. Hornung. 12mo, 369
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.30 net.
Peter and Jane; or, The Missing Heir. By S. Mac-
naughtan, 12mo, 332 pages. Dodd, Mead &Co.
$1.25 net.
Hidden House. By Amélie Rives. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 152 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$1.20 net.
The Lonely Queen. By H. C. Bailey. 12mo, 342 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.20 net.
Five Thousand an Hour: How Johnny Gamble Won
the Heiress. By George Randolph Chester. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 367 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
$1.25 net.
Vistas of New York. By Brander Matthews. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 242 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.25 net.
Sally Salt, By Mrs. Wilson Woodrow. Illustrated,
12mo, 347 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.25 net.
My Lady Caprice. By Jeffery Farnol. With frontis-
piece, 16mo, 289 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1. net.
The Plain Path. By Frances Newton Symmes Allen.
12mo, 351 pages. Houghton Miffin Co. $1.35 net.
The Breaking-Point. By Fred Lewis Pattee. 12mo,
392 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.25 net.
The Trevor Case. By Natalie Sumner Lincoln. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 333 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.30 net.
The Yoke of Silence. By Amy McLaren. 12mo, 313
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Department Store: A Novel of To-Day. By Mar-
garete Boehme; translated from the German by
Ethel Colburn Mayne. 12mo, 466 pages. D. Apple-
ton & Co. $1.30 net.
The Lone Adventure. By Halliwell Sutcliffe. 12mo,
403 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35 net.
The Unknown Woman. By Anne Warwick. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 345 pages. John Lane
Co. $1.30 net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Ruins of Desert Cathay: Personal Narrative of Ex-
plorations in Central Asia and Westernmost
China. By M. Aurel Stein. In 2 volumes, illus-
trated in color, etc., large 8vo. Macmillan Co.
$12.50 net.
The Russian People. By Maurice Baring. With
maps, large 8vo, 385 pages. George H. Doran Co.
$3.50 net.
Turkey and Its People. By Sir Edwin Pears. 12mo,
409 pages. George H. Doran Co. $3.50 net.
Three Wonderlands of the American West. By
Thos. D. Murphy. Illustrated in color, etc., large
8vo, 180 pages. L. C. Page & Co. $3. net.
Traveller's Tales: Told in Letters from Belgium,
Germany, England, Scotland, France, and Spain.
By “The Princess." Illustrated, 12mo, 296 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net.
Mexico and Her People of To-Day: An Account of
the Customs, Characteristics, Amusements, His-
tory, and Advancement of the Mexicans, and the
Development and Resources of their country. By
Nevin O. Winter. New revised edition; illus-
trated, 12mo, 492 pages. L. C. Page & Co. $3.
Chile and Her People of To-Day: An Account of the
Customs, Characteristics, Amusements, History,
and Advancement of the Chileans, and the De-
velopment and Resources of Their Country. By
Nevin O. Winter. Illustrated, 12mo, 411 pages.
L. C. Page & Co. $3.
Panama and the Canal To-Day By Forbes Lind-
say. New revised edition; with illustrations and
maps, 12mo, 474 pages. L. C. Page & Co. $3.


292
[April 1,
THE DIAL
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
Socialism and Character. By Vida D. Scudder, 12mo,
448 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
Elements of Soclalism: A Text-Book. By John
Spargo and George Louis Arner, Ph.D. 12mo,
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coöperation could have made possible the smooth
- The religion of the apostle to the Labrador fisher-
men. — A notable exhibition of Old Masters. — The adjustment which has been so striking a feature
charm of an English country house.-A Shakespeare of these nine productions.
“ forgery” re-examined.- Platitudes of a royal phil-
osopher. — Cliff and cave dwellings in Europe.
The following list of the plays will serve to
show how much of this pioneer work had to be
BRIEFER MENTION
done:
NOTES
328 “ The Maternal Instinct," by Messrs. Robert
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
329
Herrick and Harrison Rhodes.
.
. 327


302
[April 16,
THE DIAL
Gold,” by Mrs. Ancella Hunter.
the actors have had to struggle with some pretty
“ June Madness,” by Mr. Henry Kitchell poor material. The glaring fault of the pro-
Webster.
gramme resulted from the determination of the
“ The Thunderbolt,” by Sir Arthur Pinero. committee of managers to be patriotic at all
“Les Femmes Savantes," by Molière. costs. In deciding to produce three plays of
“La Bottega del Caffé," by Goldoni. American authorship before there were any
“ Il Piu Forte," by Giuseppe Giacosa. such plays in sight, they committed themselves
“La Course du Flambeau,” by Paul Hervieu. to a policy which proved disastrous in its con-
“ Fruen fra Havet,” by Henrik Ibsen. sequences, besides being a departure from the
It will be observed that the three plays of Ameri- fundamental principle of the enterprise. The
can authorship which head the list were absol- Society was formed, not to take chances with
utely new to the stage, while the five translations untried material, but to present works of ap-
from foreign languages were taken up with noth- proved merit and unquestionable significance.
ing but the indications of the printed text for a It had the entire literature of the modern drama
guide. Whatever stage tradition exists concern from Shakespeare to Shaw — from which to
ing them was inaccessible to Mr. Robertson and choose, and it deliberately wasted one-third of
his associates, yet in no case was the performance its energies in a futile attempt to foist three
halting or lacking in unity. Considering these new American plays upon a confiding public.
difficulties, it means a good deal when we say that Now, broadly speaking, no plays have ever been
the performances were in the highest degree sat-produced in America which are worthy of being
isfactory, being characterized by both assurance included in any list of such masterpieces as it
and finish. Such good ensemble acting has not was the avowed intention of the Society to pro-
often been seen on any stage, and the artistic duce; what, then, was the likelihood of suitable
triumph of the company has been remarkable, al plays turning up among the manuscripts sub-
though perhaps no greater than we had a right to mitted for examination? The management
expect from the fine directive intelligence of Mr. might be taking chances, from the box-office
Robertson and the tested ability of such accom- standpoint, with Molière and Goldoni, or with
plished players as those who assumed the heavy Ibsen and Hervieu, or with a score of other
responsibilities of the repertoire. The names of playwrights whose place in dramatic literature
Miss Hedwig Reicher, Miss Effie Shannon, Miss is too secure to be disputed, but they would
Charlotte Granville, Miss Renee Kelly, Mr. have incurred no artistic risk, and would have
Herbert Kelcey, Mr. Sheldon Lewis, Mr. Lionel planted themselves upon entirely safe ground,
Belmore, Mr. Edward Emery, and Mr. Hylton if they had resolutely eschewed all toying with
Allen are indeed a guaranty of good acting, yet experimental matter. The organization was
whatever they may be as individual performers, based upon a definite ideal purpose, and if its
the total of their achievement was something professions meant anything at all, they meant
much more than the total of their several abilities, an effort to attract the public to approved works
and provided something like a revelation to their of a high literary value. They certainly did not
audiences. Instead of presenting a central figure, mean any attempt to compete with the com-
artificially forced into prominence, and encircled mercial theatre in the exploitation of novelties.
by inadequate and perfunctory satellites, each of The actual perversion of the original plan offers
these plays gave us a succession of natural group a striking illustration of the folly of entrusting
ings, in which each character assumed its full its execution to a committee of many minds,
value, and from which staginess and the con and of deciding by vote the plays that should
ventional trickery of the trade were noticeably make up
the list. The result was a departure
absent. Such an exhibition of good acting, if from the singleness of aim which was absolutely
given time enough to impress itself upon the imperative, and all the confusion that comes
public, is sure to win the practical encourage from compromise, and working at cross-pur-
ment without which no ideal enterprise, unless poses, and the effort to reconcile conflicting
supported by public or private endowments, can views.
long endure.
Of the three American plays selected, two
It has been a frequent observation of specta- proved to be dismal failures. They were thin,
tors who found the plays, as such, not particu- loose-jointed, and amateurish, and the public
larly interesting, that almost any kind of a play refused to have them on any terms. After the
would be worth seeing in the hands of such first night of each, when all the supporters of
actors as these. And it must be confessed that the enterprise rallied to its standard, the audi-
5


1912.]
303
THE DIAL
ences dwindled almost to the vanishing point, look, it is surprising that so evident a breach was
and they were withdrawn as quite hopeless. made by this little band of reformers at the first
All the care expended upon their production, assault. As compared with the ill-starred ven-
and the remarkably fine acting of which they ture of Chicago's New Theatre of four years ago,
reeeived the benefit could not make them go, something like a triumph has been scored by the
and it became plainly evident that the spark of new undertaking, while the losses are insignifi-
dramatic vitality was not in them. The third, cant when set beside those of the more recent
Mr. Webster's “June Madness," achieved a New York enterprise. We hope that the work
considerable measure of success. It proved to thus inaugurated will go on,
winning its
way by
be a good play of the type that attracts audi an unshaken faith in its ideals, and profiting by
ences to the commercial theatre, although we a realization of its lapses from the straight path.
should hardly call it the kind of play which The public is always suspicious of being practised
came within the scope of the Society's endeavors. upon for its own good, and there is no doubt
Its matter was contentious and aroused excited that the Chicago Theatre Society has presented
discussion, which was all to the good as far as its cause in a way calculated to arouse such sus-
the box-office receipts were concerned, but it picions. This feeling has yet to be overcome,
served in no way to emphasize the distinctive and with it the attitude which is influenced by
character of the enterprise with which it was the cynic with bis armory of cheap and malicious
associated. It served rather to indicate that witticisms. Despite all adverse influences, the
the Drama Players were merely trying to do tide of interest in a rehabilitated stage is steadily
what the other theatres were doing, and many rising in this country, and the wave which bears
people were puzzled, by this and by several upon its crest the work of the Drama Players
other productions, to understand how the de is moved by the irresistible forces which control
clared objects of the Society were being fur the larger movement.
thered. The Molière, Goldoni, and Ibsen plays
were clearly within its province, as were, some-
what less obviously, the plays by Hervieu, Gia-
CASUAL COMMENT.
cosa, and Pinero. If, for example, the remaining
ONE OF STEVENSON'S
CIGAR-
places in the programme had been filled by ETTES” — the books one loves to dream of writing
works of such dramatists as Björnson, Haupt - was his autobiography. That he did actually
mann, Sudermann, Maeterlinck, Drachmann, begin the enterprise is evidenced by a manuscript
Oeblenschläger, and Echegaray, or even by ex now in the possession of Mr. H. E. Widener, the
amples of Elizabethan Drama or old English well-known collector of Philadelphia. It was writ-
Comedy, the Society would have made a far
ten in San Francisco, when Stevenson was thirty
more definite stand for the principles upon
years
of
age, and covers only the earliest childhood
which it rested its claims for public and private
memories. The manuscript is in ink on twenty-
three pages of an ordinary quarto notebook. Ref.
support. It is, however, gratifying to note that
erences to the document are found in Mr. Graham
the works of the greatest intrinsic worth, the
Balfour's Life of Stevenson, but it has never before
plays by Molière, Goldoni, and Ibsen, were par-
been printed in full. This prefatory paragraph has
ticularly successful in their appeal, and that the little of the customary Stevensonian ring:
Ibsen play, indeed, proved to be about the best “I have the more interest in beginning these memoirs
drawing-card in the entire repertory. The les where and how I do, because I am living absolutely alone in
San Francisco, and because from two years of anxiety and,
son from these facts is surely plain, and we according to the doctors, a touch of malaria, I may say I am
trust that it will be heeded in the future. altogether changed into another character. After weeks in
The total receipts for the season have been
this city, I know only a few neighboring streets; I seem to
be cured of all my adventurous whims and even of human
enough to let the guarantors off with the pay curiosity, and am content to sit here by the fire and await
ment of about fifty per cent of the sums pledged
the course of fortune. Indeed, I know myself no longer,
by them. This is not a bad outcome for the first
and as I am changed in heart, I hope I have the more chance
to look back impartially on all that has come and gone hereto-
season of what was confessedly an experimental fore. There is, after all, no truer sort of writing than what
enterprise. The Society had the cordial support
is to be found in autobiographies, and certainly none more
of the newspaper press, of the Drama League, Stevenson tells us that
entertaining."
and of
many
clubs and other agencies of opinion. Stevenson tells us that his first introduction to litera-
ture was when his uncle, David Stevenson, offered
When we consider the stone wall of apathy and
a prize of twenty shillings to the family circle for
public indifference which stands in the way of
the best history of Moses. His own version of the
any effort for the betterment of a public taste history of Moses, he tells us, “was copiously illus-
demoralized, as ours has been, in its artistic out trated by the author in a very free style. In these
“ENCHANTED


304
[April 16,
THE DIAL
pictures each Israelite was represented with a pipe cent, although the names and localities were strange.
in his mouth, cheering the desert miles.” The follow Another page or two settled the question; the book
ing is a caustic bit of criticism, evidently inspired was nothing else than Mary Shelley's famous 'Frank-
by the late Sir William Gilbert's stage caricatures enstein.' Evidently the ambitious author had found
of elderly unmarried women:
an old copy of the book tucked away in a dusty
“I think I was born with a sense of what is due to age, corner of some neglected library, and had been im-
for the more I interrogate my recollections the more traces pressed by the somber power and horror of the tale.
do I find of that respect struggling with the dislike of what
The book was an old one, and the impostor evidently
is old and then seemed to me to be ugly. Of all the cruel
concluded that it had long since been forgotten. So,
things in life the cruellest, it may be, is the departure of
all beauty from those who have been the desired mothers
with infinite labor, the whole thing had been copied
and mistresses of men in a former generation. Pagans like in longhand, with the substitution of American names
Horace, devils like Villon, and yet he was a devil with a
of persons and places for the originals.” Such are
dash of the angelic were it only in his wings, and simple
some of the futile devices of those would-be authors
crass vulgarians like Gilbert, so much worse than the worst
of the devilish, take an opportunity for some cheap effect of
whose lack of invention reminds one of Pope's fam.
art from these distressing changes. I thank God, when I ous couplet:
was a child I knew a higher decency.”
“ You beat your pate, and fancy wit will come;
It is to be hoped that this interesting document in Knock as you please, there's nobody at home."
its entirety may some day be made available to all
lovers of R. L. S. Meanwhile, we imagine, each of
LIBRARY BENEFACTIONS IN 1911, according to
the forty-five copies of Mr. Widener's edition would
the “Bulletin” of the American Library Association,
bring something more than its weight in gold in
assumed unprecedented proportions. The total of
the auction rooms.
gifts and bequests in money to American libraries
was more than three and one-third million dollars,
EXPERIENCES OF A PUBLISHER'S READER go to fill which is nearly a million and a half more than was
some of the most entertaining pages of Mr. J. Henry given in the preceding year; and of this handsome
Harper's historical and reminiscent volume, “The total Mr. Andrew Carnegie gave nearly two and
House of Harper," reviewed at length elsewhere in
one-third million dollars, or more than twice what
our last issue. It is to be noted, as correcting a preva he gave in 1910. One hundred and thirty-six towns
lent misapprehension, that the mere typewriting of a and cities in this country and twenty-eight in Canada
manuscript will do little to insure its favorable recep were the recipients of his bounty. The middle West
tion. There is a good deal of illegible and illiterate and the South and the province of Ontario profited
typewriting. “A handwritten manuscript,” declares most largely by his generosity. Besides money, the
Mr. Harper, “is in some respects more satisfactory year's record of gifts includes sixty-five thousand
than a typewritten one, for it contains some indication volumes, six sites for library buildings, and seven
of the author's character.” Further on he writes: buildings given for library purposes. Prominent men-
“Although the French have a proverb that it is not tion should be made of the splendid gift of Americana
necessary to eat the whole of an egg to know that from Mr. Edward E. Ayer of Chicago to the New-
it is bad, many amateurs think themselves unfairly berry Library, whose recently-issued Report says,
used if their manuscript is not read from the first in part, of this remarkable collection: “No general
to the last word. It is a favorite device to lay traps statement can do justice to its value, no general de-
to catch the reader, and so prove that he has not scription can adequately set forth its importance to
done his duty by the manuscript. The commonest of historical investigators. It may, however, be said
these is to reverse certain pages in loose-sheet manu with confidence, that no serious student or writer
script. If these are not turned to their proper posi- who is concerned with the discovery, colonization,
tion it follows that they have not been read. Other and settlement of North America, the history, lan-
would-be authors will lightly gum together the cor guages, manners, and customs of the North Ameri-
ners of two pages, or lay pressed leaves or bits of
can Indians, or the history, etc., of the Hawaiian and
bright-colored worsted between the sheets, which, if | Philippine Islands, can afford to overlook the rich
undisturbed on the return of the manuscript, are con store of original materials, printed, manuscript, and
vincing evidence to them that the story has not been pictorial, which the Ayer collection contains." There
examined. Manuscripts are frequently sent to pub are said to be more than thirty-three thousand items
lishers which have already been declined more than in the collection, which has been placed in specially
once by them. The title may possibly be changed, equipped rooms in the Newberry library building,
but even that precaution is not always taken; these there to remain as a visible and useful monument to
authors evidently assuming that publishers have the giver's scholarship, public spirit, and generosity.
neither memory nor system.” A particularly daring
but unsuccessful fraud is worth citing. “The most THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN A “BOOK
extraordinary example of literary imposture that “VOLUME” AND A “PAMPHLET,” a rather vague one
ever came to Franklin Square was a manuscript writ to most readers, is indicated briefly in an appendix
ten in longhand, with numerous erasures and inter to the current Newberry Library Report (which, by
lineations — all the earmarks of a genuine piece of
the
way,
is a brief and business-like and encour-
work. The subject matter seemed oddly reminis aging record of the year's progress under Mr.
AND A


1912.)
305
THE DIAL
William N. C. Carlton's administration). The defi-
The defi- spiritual beauty and lofty speculation, that“spiritual
nitions to be quoted here were made to meet the world to which lyrical emotion exalts the inward eye,
Newberry Library's needs, and may not commend where metaphor is the very stuff of life.” So genial
themselves to every librarian; but they are at least and well-equipped an exponent of “the glory that
suggestive and may help toward the general adop was Greece” has not come to us from abroad since
tion of some sort of clear and definite rule that shall Professor Mahaffy's memorable visit.
do away with certain present ambiguities. “The
term 'volume' is used in the sense of a collection of
ONE TRAINING FOR SUCCESSFUL AUTHORSHIP,
sheets comprising more than one hundred pages.
notably uncommon and hardly to be commended,
It is distinguished from ‘part' by having a title was that of Karl May, the German writer of tales
page of its own and by being a principal subdivision of adventure for boys. His recent death at Dres-
of a work. Volume' in the sense of a “binding,' den in his seventieth year calls attention to the fact
enclosing several volumes, pamphlets, numbers, or
that his earlier life was devoted to highway robbery
parts, is called a "book. Several volumes or pam-
and other forms of illegal acquisition of property,
phlets may be bound together in one book.' ... An and that he was not unfamiliar with the interior
appendix, index, or supplement with an individual aspect of jails and prisons. A cave in the vicinity
title-page is treated like a volume. The term “pam-
of Dresden was the young bandit's retreat, whence
phlet' is used in the sense of a collection of sheets com he and a confederate sallied forth to terrorize the
prising one hundred pages or less (and not a serial), neighborhood. At last the constituted authorities
whether bound individually or with others. The made this exciting mode of life a little too hazard.
term “pamphlet' is not applied, however, to quarto ous for May, and he disappeared from view. Four
and folio publications; these are counted as volumes. years later a gentleman of good looks and distin-
In its ordinary sense of an unbound collection of a guished bearing made his appearance in Dresden
few sheets fastened together, the term “pamphlet' and applied himself to the writing of such interest-
has no significance in the Newberry Library, be-
ing stories of adventure for the local newspapers
cause no pamphlets are placed permanently upon
that the great publishing houses solicited the pro-
the shelves unbound. •Pamphlet' is distinguished
ducts of his pen for book publication. The result was
from 'number' (of a serial) by being an individual that hundreds of tales, both original and translated
or independent publication." It is indeed a far from the Arabian, Turkish, Persian, and Chinese,
cry from this to the etymological meaning of volume were produced by him. Our own far West, with
(or parchment roll) and book (an inscribed beechen its redskin braves, formed the scene of some of Herr
tablet) and pamphlet (or palme-fueillet or paume- May’s stirring tales. In later life he became reli-
feuillet, or leaflet to be held in the hand) - a tran gious, figured prominently in the Roman Catholic
sition for which the printing press is chiefly
church of Saxony, and wrote tracts for the conver-
responsible.
sion of the heathen — all the while amassing wealth
from his work in fiction, and growing in the respect
PROFESSOR MURRAY ON THE GREEK DRAMA drew
and good opinion of his community.
a distinguished and an appreciative audience to his
Lowell Institute lectures. To illustrate his scholarly THE FATE OF HIM WHO WILL NOT READ pre-
and yet not unpopular style of public lecture, his hu sents itself, rightly enough, to the editor of “The
mor and fancy and graceful wit, let us quote a few Newarker" as something lamentable to contemplate.
words from his opening address on the Greek chorus. Business failure as well as personal chagrin lies in
“If we do not understand it, we cannot understand ambush for the heedless and self-willed person who
the three great dramatists. Now, what is the diffi- persists in making the journey down life's highway
culty? The chorus is completely undramatic, says the with no packet of literature, frequently renewed, in
average critic; it breaks the drama. When the hero his luggage. We are reminded that within the last
ine is engaged in some plot, arranging to murder her few years the greatest business corporation in the
husband, or taking some such step for the good of the world has wasted thousands of dollars in costly
community, then fifteen visitors happen in. Some experiments in steel-making, whereas if the officials
times they have a reason for coming, sometimes not. concerned had read the text-books and periodicals
Usually they are homogeneous: if there is one old of their branch of industry they would have found
gentleman, then there will be fifteen old gentlemen. in plain print just the information (gathered and
And it does n't help matters if the fifteen visitors written down by others) that they needed. They
begin to dance.” But, after all, the vaudeville per do these things better in Germany. There the
formance on the part of the venerable gentlemen, product of the printing-press is valued at something
or of whomsoever the chorus consists, is not out of like its true worth; and your bespectacled German,
harmony with the spirit of the occasion. Tbe dance with his nose in a book, is somehow learning how to
is no mere tripping of the light fantastic toe; the get ahead of his competitors in many of the races
whole body rhythmically moves to express the over entered by the nations of the world. With the justi-
flow of emotion for which verbal utterance is inade fiable pride of an elert and energetic librarian, Mr.
quate. The chorus raises us to the higher world of Dana concludes his editorial on the prime necessity


306
[April 16,
THE DIAL
of reading: “And the world is so full of interesting his sly Scottish unexpectedness, the sudden stabs of
things in print; and an index of all of it [!] and a pathos that gave an additional zest to the quaint
good deal of the latest and best of the print itself, are humor. They took Barrie to their hearts as a dra-
in your own public library!” Verily, he that being matist: at one time he had as many as three plays
often admonished to read hardeneth his neck, shall running in London simultaneously to crowded
suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy. houses; while his “Peter Pan” became a hardy an-
nual, regularly expected and as regularly patronized
BOOKS, BOOKSHOPS, AND LIBRARIES IN AUSTRALIA every Christmas season.
picture themselves in some imaginations as rivalling To Mr. J. M. Barrie succeeded Mr. Somerset
the snakes of Ireland in scarcity. Hence the surprise Maugham, a novelist of some eminence, though per-
with which at least a few readers must have learned haps of no very great circulation. His “Liza of
from an article in the March“Book Monthly,” signed Lambeth,” however, had obtained a certain success,
by Katharine S. Prichard, that “the facilities for at a time when fiction was concerning itself with
reading are not in England as great as they are in mean streets and the slums of great cities. Mr.
Australia,” and that "it is easier to get a classic of Maugham proved to be a dramatist of the more ordi-
English literature in the back blocks of Australia nary type, a producer of “social” plays, not widely
than in many a rural district of England.” Further different from the work of such hardened playwrights
more, “a mining camp scarcely emerges from its as Sutro or Henry Arthur Jones.
But there was a
canvas coverings before it is demanding books; and freshness about Mr. Maugham's work that com-
a place for its Town Hall and Free Library, or Me mended it to the public; and in a short time he, too,
chanics’ Institute, is marked on the plan of the new had the pleasure of seeing three plays from his pen
town as soon as it has one.” Innumerable smaller running simultaneously in London. For a time man-
circulating libraries and book clubs supplement the agers competed eagerly for his work; now, perhaps,
activities of the public libraries, and “the appetite for the novelty of the thing has worn off a little, —or,
books, fostered by the public libraries, is in the end possibly, playgoers are become more serious. But
appeased by the bookshops.” Cole's Book Arcade Mr. Maugham, like Mr. Barrie, may now be said to
in Melbourne has the name of being the most won have definitely abandoned fiction for the drama.
derful bookshop in the world. It is a bookshop and There are a host of others who, without entirely
a thoroughfare in one, where the book-lover may deserting their first love, dally with the stage. It is
ramble and loiter and browse from early morn till a fascinating gamble: even a moderate success means
late at night, and no one importunes him to buy. The so much more, from the money point of view, than
consuming hunger for books, which only those who can generally be obtained from the publisher for the
have lived in the backwoods and the “back blocks” mere book rights of a novel. The first step is gen-
know in its greatest intensity, and which in not erally taken when some enterprising cobbler of plays
a few instances seems to vary inversely as the square approaches the author of a successful novel with an
of the population, has evidently been felt by our offer to adapt it for theatrical production. Commonly
Australian cousins.
the offer is accepted, for it is interesting to see what
will happen, and a half share in the proceeds seems
good pay
for practically no work. Even if it is not
LITERATURE AND THE STAGE.
accepted, the seed is sown: before long the author will
find himself attempting an adaptation of his own.
(Special Correspondence of THE DIAL.)
Once permit the dramatic bacillus to obtain a lodg-
Of late years there has been a steady procession ment in the brain, and it multiplies as swiftly as the
of velists towards the theatre. The late Oscar bacillus of any other known disease. Mr. Anthony
Wilde and Mr. George Bernard Shaw may be said Hope Hawkins fell by permitting the late Mr. Edward
to have started the movement; but the authors of Rose to fit “The Prisoner of Zenda” to the exigencies
“Dorian Gray”and of “Cashel Byron's Profession” of the stage: since that time he has never regarded
could hardly, perhaps, be classed in the first rank of the writing of fiction with anything more than a toler-
novelists. They belonged to literature as a whole, ant regard, - his real love is the stage, and his work
not to any specific branch of it; and it is probable has not improved in consequence. Sir Arthur Conan
that they came to the stage because they were on the Doyle underwent, in like fashion, a severe attack of
look-out for some fresh form more suitable to their dramatic measles, induced in the first instance by
qualities than that of fiction. But there followed the dramatization of “Sherlock Holmes." He is now,
Mr. J. M. Barrie, to the astonishment of the critics, happily, almost recovered: he has indeed announced
for the historian of Thrums was almost the last man his intention of devoting himself once more to the
that appeared a likely candidate for high honors on writing of books — which should be good news for
the stage. It did not seem possible that he could all lovers of healthy fiction. But while the fever was
get that freakish humor of his across the footlights. on him, he contrived to produce at least five plays;
But he did; and with an astounding success. Mr. of which one, “The House of Temperley," ran for a
Barrie may be said to have given the theatre-goer a considerable time. Perhaps his best work in this field
new sensation. The stalls learned quickly to enjoy was “Waterloo," the little adaptation that he made
c


1912.]
307
THE DIAL
from one of his short stories for the late Sir Henry be; but I doubt whether he really possesses the dra-
Irving. This is still revived from time to time.
matic sense.
Still, Mr. Bennett will no doubt ac-
It was, I imagine, the example of J. M. Barrie quire this quality, if he does not already quite see
and Somerset Maugham that started so many of our his situations from the theatrical standpoint. He
other novelists on the new road to fame and fortune. has confidence in himself, and great perseverance.
Mr. A. E. W. Mason, the author of “Clementina" At an early period in his life as an author he had
and formerly an actor himself, tried his hand at an mapped out for himself the course he meant to pur-
adaptation: Mr. W.W.Jacobs, the darling of so many sue, and he followed it with a single mind until he
readers of the “Strand Magazine,"produced Beauty achieved success. He declared his intention of writ-
and the Barge,” but has not repeated the experiment. ing a certain number of stories that would sell, inter-
Mr. E. W. Hornung, the ingenious founder of a spersing with them a few that should make his name
school of burgling fiction, dramatized “Raffles” with as a serious novelist. Many of us have had this idea
conspicuous success, and followed it up with “Stin- before, but I can recall no other instance of any
garee, ,” which met with no success at all. Mr. F. writer carrying it out with such eminently satisfac-
Anstey Guthrie brought out “The Man from Blank tory results. The man who could do this ought to
ley's,” and turned his “Brass Bottle” into a play; have a good chance of conquering the theatrical
while Mr. H. A. Vachell dramatized one of his
pop-
world, and I should not be in the least surprised to
ular novels in “Her Son.” Indeed, so great has see Mr. Arnold Bennett become one of our most
been the rush of late that it is impossible to mention popular dramatists, when once he has found out
all the names that recur to the mind. Enterprising what the public really wants.
managers have drawn the most unlikely customers Mr. Rudolf Besier has recently adapted for the
into their net: even Mr. Henry James has been stage yet another novel — “Kipps," by Mr. H. G.
mangled for the delectation of the gallery, as well Wells. I do not think Mr. Wells has made any
as the late George Meredith. Only the other day previous appearance on the stage, and it seems
Mr. Zangwill's “ New Religion” was produced, and improbable that this venture will give him much
withdrawn; while Mr. Eden Philpotts has succeeded encouragement to proceed. It is a pity that Mr.
in offending the censor with his “Secret Woman” Wells did not try his own hand at the adaptation,
thereby, no doubt, sending a new host of readers to instead of employing a trained dramatist for the
the book from which his play was drawn. For there purpose. For the quality that made “Kipps” as a
is this point about the dramatization of novels, that book is entirely absent from the present stage ver-
at the worst the production of your play means a sion. The little shop assistant is employed merely as
new edition of your book, while those who have read the central figure of a farce: it is his business to be
the novel have a certain curiosity to see how it will
ridiculous, and the humanity, the little sympathetic
appear upon
the
stage.
touches, that gave life to Mr. Wells's charming novel,
There are at the present moment an even larger are lost. The present version is a vulgarization of
number than usual of novelists' plays being per a fine story. But I doubt very much whether the
formed in London. Mr. R. S. Hichens has made work of this author is suited to the theatre. Mr.
a successful entry into the theatrical arena with Wells has so much to say, and he finds it so difficult
“Bella Donna,” which seems likely to have as long to leave anything out.
" The New Machiavelli”
a run as anything now playing. The late George du was spoiled as a work of art by the wideness and
Maurier's "Trilby” is enjoying a revival, in which diversity of its range: it might have been named
Sir Herbert Tree is once more proving his strength « Wells on the World in General." And the nov-
as an actor of melodrama. “Trilby” is one of the elist has infinitely more latitude than the playwright.
few instances of a successful novel making an even Yet, on the other hand, Mr. Wells has ideas: he
more successful play: it has two fine characters, and thinks for himself, and is always changing his point
the public like the free and easy Bohemian life of of view; he would indubitably prove an interesting
the artists' quarter. But the theatre is a lottery, recruit to the theatre. It is conceivable that he
and it is impossible to tell what will bear transplant- might, with Mr. Bernard Shaw and his brother
ing. “The Scarlet Pimpernel,” by the Baroness novelist Mr. John Galsworthy, form a small band of
Orczy, has been revived again and again; but there dramatists who should deal on the stage with some-
was certainly not much in the book to suggest the thing more vital than the trivialities of our customary
remarkable success of the adaptation. There is not social comedy.
a character in the piece, with the possible exception Mr. Galsworthy's latest play, “The Pigeon,” was
of the French spy. But there is a sort of bustling not a success. But he has proved his ability to
liveliness about the action, and there are some pretty write for the stage, and there is food for thought in
dresses in the scene at the court of the Prince Regent. everything he writes. “ Justice” was universally
Mr. Arnold Bennett is one of the latest recruits acknowledged to be a very fine piece of work: it
lent by literature to the stage. He has one play will certainly be seen again. Mr. Galsworthy has
running now, and another has just been taken off. been attracted to the theatre because he has some-
As might be judged from his novels, he shows plenty thing to say, not from a mere desire to make money
of cleverness, and his dialogue is as good as need easily. He is not of those who seek to produce


308
[April 16,
THE DIAL
..
stage versions of their novels. And, so far at any nevertheless, that they are everywhere. By way of
rate, his association with the stage has not spoiled proof it can be suggested to the doubter that he note
his writing. I am inclined to think that this is the the deluge of inquiries for facts concerning poems which
worst effect of coquetting with the drama : it is apt
flood the offices of such newspapers as maintain a depart-
to make the novelist write theatrically. Mr. Wells,
ment to answer such inquiries. Let him note, also, the
poems that are re-copied over the country in the news-
I remember, once wrote an amusing short story
papers - not the cheap doggerel of the daily “joke"
about a man who was ruined by becoming a dra-
column, but serious and thoughtful verse from the best
matic critic. The tricks of the trade crept into his magazines. Then, too, the doubter might try to discover
daily life: he could not resist the temptation to act: the home without its scrap-book of verse. Personal
he accentuated his emotions until he became the observation has shown that there are many who buy
laughing-stock of his friends and an object of magazines not because of the fiction writer whose name
amused contempt to the girl he loved. The same
glories on the cover, but because on the contents page
danger, in a way, hangs over the innocent writer of was listed in small type the name of a favorite poet or
fiction who is seduced by the figures of the box
a goodly array of poems.
To the immediate query, If tbere is such an array of
office and the undeniable charm of seeing his char-
poetry lovers, why are they not more often heard from?
acters tread the boards in actual flesh and blood.
there is an answer. Those who read and enjoy magazine
He begins to see everything from the point of view
verse are not the kind who make much of the fact; the
of the stalls and the dress circle: he cannot resist
popularity of a poem cannot be tested by the number of
the opportunity of bringing in an effective piece of letters of commendation that come into the editor's
business, or of concluding a chapter with a dramatic office. The reason lies in the fact that magazine verse
curtain. Novelists like Mr. Hall Caine, who have is essentially lyrical, and therefore of a very intimate
acquired the habit of writing with a view to subse nature; it deals with individual thought and feeling,
quent production on the stage, have thus a tendency
and is effective in just so far as it touches the individual
mind and heart of the reader. The result is that a reader
to force the emotional note, to pitch everything
is not likely to reveal to an editor bis deep appreciation
in too high a key. Certainly Mr. Galsworthy can-
of a poem,—he does not bare his intimacies to a stranger
not be accused of this fault; but then he keeps his
in this way. The poem that frames in expressive words
fiction and his drama separate. And this, to my the longing of a heart for a loved one will never bring
mind, should always be done. I am glad to see that a letter of gratitude to an editor, though it may have
Mr. H. A. Vachell's new play, soon to be produced, touched and been treasured by thousands of hearts.
is a new work and not, like his former effort in this A fact which critics and reviewers never seem to take
direction, a dramatized version of a novel.
into consideration in their criticism of our magazine
E. H. LACON WATSON.
poets is that the lyrical nature of their work limits its
appeal. Most magazine poems consist of only three or
London, April 5, 1912.
four stanzas; and within such limits verse must be essen-
tially subjective in thought, mode, and treatment. So
a reader whose life is wholly or largely objective can
COMMUNICATION.
never be interested by a lyric, though it were written
by Israfel himself; such a person has nothing in him to
A WORD FOR MAGAZINE VERSE.
respond to the intimate and tender beauty of a lyric
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
poem: the wood of which he is made will not resound
to the throb of the strings.
A Philadelphia newspaper editor once asked the ques-
tion, “What's the use of poetry, anyhow?” Doubtless
The narrow confines of the lyric do not give the
many could enlighten the enquirer; yet in the process
breadth and depth which great themes of large imagina-
of enlightenment, if we are to believe certain critics,
tive and intellectual character require; but the quality
magazine verse would be dispensed with. According
of the lyrical matter may be just as high in a poetic
to these critics, magazine verse is just good enough for
sense as that of greater import. A spring may be as
its obvious purpose: to “justify" pages, to fill up the
perfect in purity and beauty as a lake. From a long
chinks, the nooks. This attitude of good-natured toler-
and loving familiarity with the lyric writers of the Eliza-
ance seems to be a general one among reviewers.
bethan, Romantic, and Victorian Periods of our litera-
It is certainly true that magazine verse plays a small
ture, I can turn to some of our current magazine poets
part on the literary stage. Editors aver that there is
and feel that I am reading work which ranks with that
little or no demand for it among their readers; magazines
of the sweetest singers of the song-filled days of the
certainly prosper without it; and in collected book form
past. I would even venture to mention the names of
it rewards only the printer. Indeed, the situation looks
these poets, did I not feel that in doing so I were cross-
bad for our poets and for magazine verse.
ing the Bridge of the Open Heart into the critic's House
But we have heard from the critic, the reviewer, the
of Ancient Conceptions.
And so we who are lovers of verse will continue to
editors, and the poets themselves. Now why not have
a word from a lover of verse, - one who buys certain
read on, silent save for a voice out of the wilderness
magazines simply for the poetry they contain, and for
like mine, content to listen to the lutes that are singing
no other reason? Frankly, a lover of verse the present clearly and sweetly from the nooks in the magazines,..
writer claims to be; and his ideas may be interesting if
- hearing, above the honk of automobiles, the blasts of
not enlightening.
mills, the grind of wheels, and the frenzied babblings of
Where are the lovers of verse? One would expect factions, the still small voice of Song. A. W. P.
the echoes to answer, “Where?” The true answer is, Brattleboro, Vt., April 9, 1912.


1912.]
309
THE DIAL
The New Books.
securely on giddy intellectual heights, with
abysses of error yawning on either side of him,
and who could so walk precisely because he per-
CARDINAL NEWMAN.*
ceived the abysses and their peril. Such men
Some years ago, an able Protestant writer, thought him headstrong, venturesome, scornful
Professor Charles Sarolea, warned us that we
of the safe and beaten way. He thought them
were not to expect too much from Mr. Wilfrid
blind to the necessity of striking out a path that
Ward's promised life of Newman. It would
It would should allure more daring spirits than theirs to
be, he assured us, “only an official' and expur-
the heights which he, as firmly as they, believed
gated life"; and he inquired, in italics, whether
to be the dwelling-place of Truth.
it was not a fact that at least one important letter There are many passages in these volumes that
of Newman's had been deliberately destroyed. show how deeply Newman felt the disapproval
We cannot know, of course, to how drastic a
of his fellow-Catholics. The pathetic letter in
process of revision Mr. Ward's
which he resumed his intercourse with Keble
have been
pages
subjected by authority, but it seems unlikely after seventeen years, the eagerness with which
that anything has been suppressed more "com-
he renewed his Anglican friendships, show to
promising” than many things that have been what a degree he felt himself alone. In the
included. There is no attempt whatever to con-
midst of the suspicion and misunderstanding to
ceal Newman's almost continuous unhappiness which he was subjected, he wistfully looked back
from the time he entered the Catholic Church
to his early home and his own people, away
until 1878, nor to gloss over the neglect with
from the cheerless and alien world in which, for
which he was treated by his superiors and its
conscience' sake, he had taken up his abode.
effect upon him. So far the most unsympa-
Not that he had not there also friendships of the
thetic critic of his career may enjoy an easy
utmost tenderness and intimacy. The touching
triumph. But nothing, on the other hand, can close of the “ Apologia” tells us how tender and
be plainer than that, in spite of the agitations, how intimate those friendships were. But at
much more than superficial, of almost his whole best the atmosphere of his new home was not
Catholic life, in spite of the waves and billows the warm, kindling atmosphere of Oxford days,
that, one after another, went over him, in the when heart spoke indeed to heart, when all were
depths there was peace — the
" of one heart and of one soul," and had all
peace,
of Purgatory, rather than that of Paradise, as he
intellectual things in common. Of one of these
once intimates; but peace nevertheless, deep- renewed friendships he writes: “It was a sad
based and unshakable.
pleasure to me to find how very closely we agreed
Almost from the beginning, his Catholicism
on a number of matters which have happened
was suspected by Catholics and Protestants since we met. It was almost like two clocks
alike. Not until he had written a sharp and keeping time.”
rather uncivil letter to the newspapers
did the
This isolation, this atmosphere of misunder-
rumor cease to recur that he was about to re standing and suspicion, not to say hostility, this
turn to the Anglican communion. He deplores entire want of sympathy with his deepest hopes,
his friend William George Ward's“ never dying make up the tragedy of Newman's Catholic life.
misgiving" that they were “in some substan And “tragedy” is not too strong a name to ap-
tial matter at variance,” and “the vague, deep ply to it. Intentionally or not, Mr. Ward has
suspicions” that Ward had long cherished con-
made him the hero of what is, considering the
cerning him. These suspicions and misgivings great importance of its issues, a tragic drama, in
were shared by great numbers of Catholics who which his antagonist is the embodied suspicion
were, unfortunately, in positions of authority, of his superiors in the Church. Mr. Ward
and they account very largely for the cloud explicitly affirms that Newman's temperament,
under which Newman lived for long and weary
difficult it
was,
does not account for the small
years.
Such an attitude on the part of timid success of his Catholic undertakings — small,
men of commonplace minds (though it should that is to say, in proportion to his effort and his
be said in passing that Ward was neither timid powers.
The cause, he says, " is to be sought
nor commonplace) is intelligible enough towards
rather in the action of his countrymen who op-
a man of Newman's temper, who could walk posed him and in the circumstances of the time
*The Life of John Henry CARDINAL NEWmax. By which gave them their opportunity.” Here
Wilfrid Ward. In two volumes. Illustrated. New York: evidently is the very stuff of tragedy: a temper-
Longmans, Green & Co.
ament unduly sensitive and perhaps impatient
to be sure,
as


310
[April 16,
THE DIAL
compelled to collaborate for great ends with a first. The hereditary Catholics of England,
body of men timid, suspicious, and even jealously whose spirit had been well-nigh crushed out of
hostile, in circumstances such as to make their them by the long oppression under which they
hostility in the highest degree effective. His had suffered, naturally regarded the aggressive
antagonists, be it understood, were not villains enterprises of the distinguished convert with
of melodrama. They were, almost without ex “ jealous inertia.” They perceived, moreover,
ception, men of exalted aims and holy lives. It as did others later, that his thinking did not
was a conflict of temperaments, a true psycho run in familiar grooves,—that while his results
logical tragedy. One by one, great undertak might be sound, his methods of arriving at
ings into which he had put his highest hope and them were unexpected. Or, as Perrone, the
best effort were thwarted, sometimes by what leading theologian at Rome, once phrased it,
seemed like harsh and arbitrary intervention, Newman looked at certain doctrinal questions
sometimes by an equally wounding neglect; “not as we who have been brought up in the
until at last, when he had all but ceased to strug Catholic Faith from our childhood." “ He
gle or to hope, he received that sudden and meant, I think," writes Ambrose St. John to
ample justification which, in the case of the suf- Newman, that “ you viewed them (though with
fering Edipus at Colonus, Jebb finely calls the best intentions) historically, as a person not
" the divine amends."
wholly in the secret would do.” Well, those
This is the true subject of these volumes, for who were “ in the secret,” whether by birth or
Mr. Ward very properly gives little space to the initiation, — first the “old Catholics” of En-
events of Newman's life before 1845. They gland, then the Irish bishops, then Manning,
have been sufficiently dealt with in the “ Apo- Ward, and Vaughan, then Propaganda — saw
logia” and the Letters and Correspondence. to it that the thought and activity of this unac-
Those who care for richer detail may seek it in countable mind should be confined within as nar.
the chroniques scandaleuses of Abbott. It row limits as possible. Even in the matter of
is the Catholic Newman about whom, in spite the cardinalate, which put an end to the long
of his Catholic writings, we were ignorant, and period of hostility, it is fairly clear, in spite of
whom Mr. Ward has candidly and admirably Mr. Ward's discretion, that Manning did little
unveiled.
or nothing to further Newman's elevation, and,
We are quite sure that the main interest of so far as passive resistance could do so, opposed
these memorable volumes will be the light which it. Criticized and thwarted on every hand, it
they throw on the question that will not down is little wonder that a man of Newman's tem-
in the mind of any non-Catholic student and per became all but disheartened, and that caustic
admirer of Newman: how far did his conversion comments escaped his tongue and pen. These
prevent him from independent thought? What comments Mr. Ward does right to print as a
was his real attitude from within towards that guarantee of good faith ; but, once read, they
authority which, from without, so imposed it need not be repeated and may well be forgotten.
self upon his imagination ? No one at this time No man ought to bear forever the burden of
of day is likely to accuse Newman of obscurant- his own impatient speech, especially when that
ism or timidity. But how, practically, did he speech is so abundantly warranted.
accommodate himself to the restrictions which, neither that he was a bad Catholic nor a bad
he firmly believed, it is the right of the Church Christian, but only that he was a suffering,
to impose in intellectual matters? This is evi- much-baffled man, whose personal dignity could
dently the question which Mr. Ward has set be offended and whose anger could be roused.
himself to answer, and which he has answered There is nothing very edifying about this part
with candor and completeness. “The mystery of the story, - but then, except to persons who
of Newman,” so far as a minute knowledge of have no proper conception of such a being as
his inner and outer life can clear it up, is no man in such a world as this," it is neither
longer a mystery. We think it not too much
We think it not too much shocking nor surprising. The treasure of the
to say that Mr. Ward has made Newman's atti- Catholic Faith has been undoubtedly often con-
tude entirely intelligible and reasonable, unless tained in vessels of very ordinary clay ; but it
perhaps it should seem unreasonable for such
is a treasure, for all that, and in Newman it
a man loyally to share the faith and hope of had a vessel almost wholly worthy of it. One
men in whose conduct reason apparently had thing, too, should never be forgotten in reading
so small a place.
these volumes. Beneath all the misunderstand-
The signs of suspicion are manifest from the ings and resentments, there is a genuine desire
It proves


1912.]
311
THE DIAL
to do the will of God, to check the advance, inspire general confidence.” But all that he in-
not of free thought, but of infidelity, and to sists upon is free and intelligent discussion. He
keep pure and whole in the hearts of men, in is ready to submit absolutely and loyally to the
these distressful days, the “Faith once delivered decision of the Church. He is not a Modernist,
to the Saints."
- though, by a singular fate, he is one of the
It was Newman's supposed “liberalism,” no fathers of Modernism, in both France and En-
doubt, that was the root of his troubles, — his gland. There is, he wisely thought, a time to
liberalism coupled with his attractiveness. The speak and a time to keep silence. The truth is
terror of his power is almost ludicrous. He dependent on no one man's advocacy. It can
himself, in his last days, said with a smile: “I wait, for truth out of season is practically no
think [ Ward's] theory was that I was all the truth at all. “I have always preached,” he
more dangerous because I was so attractive – writes, “ that things which are really useful, still
that I was a sort of siren of whose fascination all are done, according to God's will, at one time,
should beware." Talbot considered him “the not at another; and that, if you attempt at a
most dangerous man in England.” He was wrong time, what in itself is right, you may per-
forbidden to establish the Oratory at Oxford haps become a heretic or schismatic.” And so,
because his presence would be sure to attract to in concluding the Dublin University lectures, he
that nursery of error the best Catholic youth of urges his hearers to “trust the Church of God
the three kingdoms. When such powers of fasci- implicitly,” to remember the difficulties of her
nation were allied to such opinions, it was little task, the length of her experience, the greatness
wonder that he was feared by the Irish bishops, of her achievement. He begs them, in a word,
who, as he said, regarded “any intellectual man to be patient like her, and to await the slow re-
as being on the road to perdition.' He wrote in vealing of the mind of God. He was, in the best
1864 that the great obstacle to setting on foot a sense of the word, an opportunist, and this was
historical review was that, “unless one doctored the reason for his valiant opposition to the Vati-
all one's facts, one would be thought a bad Cath can decrees of 1870. He regarded the new
olic." He severed his connection with “The definition of Infallibility as unnecessary and
Rambler” at the request of his bishop, who, inopportune, and the means by which it was
by the way, was his staunch ally, and who based brought about as inviting “a stern Nemesis ”
his request on the ground that “Catholics never upon
the Church for the deeds of an “insolent
had a doubt," and that it therefore “pained them and aggressive faction.” He had long held the
to know that things could be considered doubtful doctrine in a sane and moderate form, as the
which they had ever implicitly believed.” In later pages of the “ Apologia” testify. But he
circumstances like these, a man of Newman's feared the effect of defining it, of making it
mental energy and intellectual conscience could de fide, upon the fortunes of the Church at so
hardly escape calumny. Yet his aims were mod critical a juncture. He was stirred to anger and
erate, his "liberalism,” according to modern dismay at the flippant shortsightedness of Ward,
Protestant standards, very mild indeed. He who was quoted as saying that he “should like a
feared to have the Church left behind in the new Papal Bull”—he meant an “infallible”one
march of thought. He wished her, in the per "every morning with his Times at breakfast.”
son of her accredited teachers, to face the facts On this extreme view, that the Pope could hardly
of the day. He believed that “the great prob- speak except infallibly, one of the Fathers of
lem of the hour” was “to promote the influence the Oratory wittily observed that Ward and men
of Catholic Christianity on modern civilization”; like him ascribed to the Pope “a gift • like that
and to have any such influence the Church must of Midas' touch of gold,' very wonderful, but
at least perceive whither modern civilization is very inconvenient."
While the dogma was not
tending and fairly face its problems and its perils. affirmed in any such extreme form as Newman
In 1886, he sent to his biographer a memoran at first feared, the best he could say of it was
dum in which he urged the necessity of drawing that he was “ pleased at its moderation - that
up a systematic statement of the chief points at is, if the doctrine in question is to be defined at
issue between scientists and the Church, so that all.” Thereafter he was silent, but his position
these points might be candidly discussed among was probably that of the Psalmist: “I held
my
Catholic theologians and men of science with the tongue and spake nothing: I kept silence, yea,
sanction of Rome itself." "Such frank debate," even from good words; but it was pain and grief
he thought, “would result in the erection of an to me.” It should, however, be remembered
authority on the subjects in question which would that in this instance it was only his sense of


312
[April 16,
THE
DIAL
un-
better way.
97
were
expediency that he was obliged to submit, not efficacy of his seed-sowing.
efficacy of his seed-sowing. “ Paucorum homi-
his faith.
num sum,” he wrote, and if
you
choose
your
Some of his unhappiness was due, it is “ few” with care, there is, in the long run, no
evident, to unfortunate personal qualities,
fortunate, that is, in the circumstances. From At last the tide of official favor turned. The
his childhood, he was cursed with an almost cloud of neglect and misunderstanding was lifted.
morbid sensitiveness to praise and blame, and
He passed, almost in an instant, from the posi-
this, Mr. Ward points out, often stood in his tion of “a nobody," as he sorrowfully said, to
way. Where another man would have claimed
the rank of a prince of the Church. He had
his rights and insisted upon a hearing, Newman not sought high place, and no man ever consid-
took refuge in a dignified, not a sulky, silence, ered himself less competent to fill it. He had
when be found himself misunderstood or treated
desired only to work, to be useful, and he had
with discourtesy. He found it hard, as he said, been “laid aside,'
been laid aside,”—apparently “thrown away.”
“ to wait at Episcopal doors” and to endure And then, when he could work no more, he sud-
Episcopal manners. “ I suppose it is what he denly found that what he had accomplished
learned at Rome,” he says of one of the Irish against baffling obstacles, though so much less
bishops, alluding to the abrupt manners and than he wished, though as nothing in his eyes,
high-handed ways that prevailed at the Curia
was valued and honored by those whom, under
and at Propaganda. For Pius IX. he felt the God, he most wished to please. He found, in-
love as well as the loyalty of a son, but he found deed, that it was he that was honored and valued,
him surrounded by “ second-rate people” who that his life was his work, and that the Church to
“not subjects of that supernatural guid- which it had been devoted accepted and crowned
ance which is his prerogative.” He viewed it. Little wonder that he exclaimed when he was
“ with equanimity the prospect of a thorough informed of the cardinalate, “The cloud is lifted
routing-out of things at Rome," and he cherished
from me forever.” The twelve years that re-
the hope that “the Latin race will not always mained to him were years of
peace. Surrounded
have a monopoly of the magisterium of Cathol- by the love and devotion of his sons of the Ora-
icism.' He writes in his journal of 1860 that, tory, by the admiration and respect of his coun-
next to the praise of God, he has sought the
trymen, by the veneration of the Catholic world,
praise of his superiors, but that he has been he lived out his appointed days. “The weight
“ treated only with slight and unkindness "'; he of years," he had written long before, “ falls on
has been “misrepresented, backbitten, and
me as snow, gently though surely." His bond
scorned ”; and he concludes that though they with life was loosened link by link, while he
have a claim upon his obedience, they have none watched the
process with clear mind and
peace-
upon his “ admiration or inward trust."
ful acquiescent heart. When he died, it seemed
This state of mind is the result not of thwarted
to many, as Mr. R. W. Hutton said, that “a
ambition or of injured self-love, but of his eager white star was extinguished in their mental hori-
desire to be of use to the Church for which he 1." He was not a saint. To an admirer who
had sacrificed everything but his conscience and desired to canonize him in his lifetime, he wrote:
his love of the Truth. Often in his letters and
“ Saints are not literary men, they do not love
journals the mournful reflection occurs that
the classics, they do not write Tales. I may be
Rome is throwing him away.
6. When I am
well enough in my way, but it is not the high
gone,” he writes in 1859, “it will be seen per- line.' But if not a saint, he was a religious
haps that persons stopped me from doing a work genius of the very highest order, of the race and
which I might have done." His small success lineage of Pascal. A large part of his charm
was no doubt due in part also to a certain in- and a very large part of his helpfulness, both
capacity for managing men. With all his fas- personally and in his writings, lie in the fact
cination he was perhaps unfitted by nature to that all his life long he did what he once gently
control others. One of his friends explains this rebuked a friend for not doing : “with a reso
on the ground that “ he had too keen a sympathy lute heart and with earnestness,” he “ fought
for individuality to enforce the necessary drill." the battle of his soul.” It is for this reason
And indeed his results were always gained by that these words of the Abbé Bremond, his
quite other than party methods — by the seminal
most subtle and sympathetic critic, strike us as
method, rather; and more than one profound
so profoundly adequate :
and far-reaching tendency in both the Anglican
“ Artist of the first rank, the best part of his art con-
and Roman communions to-day testifies to the sists in making palpable and transparent the realities of
zon.


1912.]
313
THE DIAL
2
the invisible world. Religious philosopher, all his doc be quite impossible to achieve it unless the public be-
trine may be reduced to making the expectation, the came as it were a working partner in it with the pub-
desire, and the need of God the foundation of all apolo lishers. Since then signs of the personal interest taken
getic and the very basis of the act of faith. Too much in it by people all the world over have reached the pub-
like men in general to be canonized, he nevertheless lishers daily. . .
keeps and will keep the glory of being one of those men, “ The Fiction section is large in proportion; but your
rare and predestinate, who impose on everyone that novel is the best of all inductors to other and graver
approaches them the thought of God."
works. Besides, who can vouch that he has learnt as
CHARLES H. A. WAGER.
much of London from any history-book as from the gay,
grave, witty, and poignant pages of Charles Dickens?"
Among those who have given generously of
their time and scholarship toward the perfecting
CLASSICS FOR THE MILLIONS.*
of this series, may be noted, in the list of later
We live in an age of marvels, and not the volumes alone, the names of Professor Saints-
least of these is the easy accessibility of the bury, who furnishes introductions to Fielding's
world's best books to a large proportion of the Joseph Andrews and “ Lives of the Nov.
world's population. Not only does the public elists"; Dr. Charles W. Eliot, who prefaces
library open wide its doors to all that care to Herbert Spencer's “ Essays on Education and
enter, but every person not absolutely a pauper Kindred Subjects ”; Professor Trent of Co-
can at little expense acquire a library of his lumbia, who introduces Byron to the reader ;
own, even if it be of only five-foot-shelf size or Professor Schelling of the University of Penn-
smaller. Of all the many modern publishing sylvania, who does the same for Ben Jonson ;
enterprises that have helped to make possible Professor George P. Baker of Harvard, who
to everyone this ownership of a private library, renders a like service to lovers of Beaumont
the series of standard works bearing the imprint and Fletcher; Sir Oliver Lodge, who invites
of J. %. Dent & Sons in London, and of E. P. students of science to the perusal of Huxley's
Dutton & Co. in New York, and known as lectures and essays ;
Mr. Lewis Melville,
“Everyman's Library," deserves mention among Sir W. Robertson Nicoll, Mr. Theodore Watts-
the foremost, if not as the very foremost. Be- Dunton, Mr. Austin Dobson, and
many more of
gun a few years ago under the able editorship equal repute. And now, to whet the appetite
of Mr. Ernest Rhys, and with the design of cov to a still keener edge for this rich and varied
ering so wide a field that not fewer than a thou- banquet, let us quote at random from the
sand volumes would be required to complete the Introduction to the first volume that comes to
set, this splendid (but remarkably inexpensive) band. Here is our amiable old Pepys's incom-
library already numbers nearly six hundred parable " Diary," in two compact but legibly
volumes, and is rapidly increasing. A few printed parts, and prefaced by Dr. Richard
passages from the publishers' preface to their Garnett, with a pubīishers’ note to show that
descriptive list will best explain the purpose and this is the fourth reprinting of the work in this
scope of the undertaking.
edition. Of those two perennially diverting
“ It has not expected him (the reader] to be a serious betrayers of their own weaknesses, Pepys and
student only, and it has given with a free hand the lighter Boswell, Dr. Garnett takes occasion to say:
reading he has asked for. But it has tried to make
“ Their special distinction consists in this, that here,
even the novel, whose claim hangs on its story, the pilot
and here only, men whose considerable intellectual en-
to literature at large; and it has stretched the English
dowments included a lively perception of the humorous,
stage to touch that of Athens, and set Æschylus by
lose all sense of humour when their own deportment is
Shakespeare. Among the achievements it counts, which
have brought the hitherto unattainable big things to
in question, and continually represent themselves in an
absurd light, with an unconsciousness more diverting
book, may be noted its eight volumes of Hakluyt’s
than the most sparkling wit or the most retined satire.
Travels, the Koran in Rodwell's fine version, its reprint
The capital humour of the situation lies in the circum-
of Rawlinson's Herodotus, its new edition of Sir Francis
stance that the men who thus give themselves away are
Galton's invaluable « An Enquiry into Human Faculty,”
by no means fools, and are keen to remark anything
and its translations of Balzac's novels. Other works
absurd in the behaviour of others. . . . The marvel in
which have required special enterprise are Grote's
Pepys's case is not lessened by the fact that he certainly
Greece (in twelve volumes), Finlay's histories, and the
did not intend or expect his Diary to be read. A man
invaluable set of Ruskin's works with the careful artis-
of sense, and Pepys was a man of great good sense,
tic reproductions of the original plates. ...
would never even in that case have knowingly exhibited
“ At an earlier stage we pointed out some of the diffi-
himself in a series of ludicrous positions. He is evidently
culties of the whole vast scheme, and showed it would
quite unconscious that there is anything laughable in his
*EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY. Edited by Ernest Rhys. To be behaviour when he accepts a bribe without looking at
completed in one thousand volumes, of which nearly six hun it, that I might say that I did not know what there was
dred are now ready. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
in the bag '; or when, finding the venison which his


314
[April 16,
THE DIAL
In
patron has sent him to be tainted, he forthwith despatches asked for in such a series. Where the length
it to his mother. Thousands of men would have done
of a work is considerable, very thin but opaque
the like, no one but Pepys would have written it down."
paper has been used. “Nicholas Nickleby” is
Among the more noteworthy issues of this
thus compressed within the limits of a volume
Library — if comparisons are admissible where
less than an inch thick, but having nearly nine
such uniform high excellence prevails — it is
hundred clearly-printed pages. How so much of
natural to point out, in this Dickens centennial
worth for so small a price is made, or is hoped
year, the editions of his novels prefaced (with a
to be made, a commercial possibility, will appear
single exception) by that inveterate Dickensian,
from the following further quotation from the
Mr. G. K. Chesterton. Let us here snatch at
publishers' explanatory foreword:
least a fragment from his highly characteristic
“To close this preamble, we can hardly do better than
foreword to “ Nicholas Nickleby." His writings repeat, with no loss of emphasis, what we said two years
may not be gospel to us, but they have a way ago of our ambition, and our difficulties in bringing it
of arresting the attention.
liberally to its aim. The grand idea of Everyman's
“ All romance consists of three characters. Other
Library, then, is to offer to Everyman, to every English
characters may be introduced; but those other characters
reader in any country, the choice of every great author
are certainly mere scenery as far as the romance is con-
that exists, who can be brought into the literature in a
cerned. They are bushes that wave rather excitedly;
compact and comely form. But this is a vast undertak-
they are posts that stand up with a certain pride; they
ing; and it can be accomplished only if the public in
are correctly painted rocks that frown very correctly;
England, America, the Colonies, and elsewhere learn to
but they are all landscape - they are all a background.
look upon it as their own affair, and cooperate with the edi-
every pure romance there are three living and mov-
tors and publishers stage by stage. If the publishers can
ing characters. For the sake of argument they may be
depend on their audience in this way, then Everyman's
called St. George and the Dragon and the Princess. In
Library will continue to keep an open house, where (as
every romance there must be the twin elements of loving
Philemon Holland says, paraphrasing Plutarch) 'there
and fighting. In every romance there must be the three
is a Grace and Muse met together — that is to say de-
characters: there must be the Princess, who is a thing to
light conjoined with some knowledge and learning.”
be loved; there must be the Dragon, who is a thing to be A word of hearty commendation is due to
fought; and there must be St. George, who is a thing that the expertly compiled Dictionary Catalogue of
both loves and fights. There have been many symptoms
of cynicism and decay in our modern civilization; there
are the First 505 Volumes of Everyman's Library;"
have been many indications of an idle morality cutting
which is issued in uniform style with the series
up life to please itself, and an idle philosophy doubting
itself. Miss Isabella M. Cooper and Miss
first whether truth is accepted and then doubting whether Margaret A. MoVety, librarians of experience in
it is truth at all. But of all the signs of modern feeble-
cataloguing, are chiefly responsible for this well-
ness, of lack of grasp on morals as they actually must be,
annotated and cross-referenced list. No marks
there has been none quite so silly or so dangerous as this:
that the philosophers of to-day have started to divide lov-
of classification, Dewey or other, have been set
ing from fighting and to put them into opposite camps." opposite the titles ; but there is space enough
The high character of the Library and of its to fill them in if it be desired to use this printed
editorship being thus sufficiently established, it catalogue for working purposes in either public
may be interesting to note that of the first five or private library. The only regret is that it
hundred volumes published the number in each will need revision and enlargement as succeed-
different class of literature is as follows (we ing volumes in the second half of the series are
quote from the publishers' statistical statement): published.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
“ Biography, 35; classical, 21; essays and belles-
lettres, 62; fiction, 155; history, 56; oratory,
5; poetry and drama, 39; reference books, 4;
THE POETRY OF INSECT LIFE.
romance, 15; science, 10; theology and philo-
sophy, 28; travel and topography, 26; young
“Do you know this Halicti? Perhaps not. There is
no great harm done: it is quite possible to enjoy the few
people's books, 44.” In the cloth binding — the
pleasures of life without knowing the Halicti. Never-
volumes are also bound in flexible leather-dif-
theless, when questioned with persistence, those humble
ferent colors and shades are used to distinguish creatures with no history can tell us some very singular
the different classes of literature. For example,
things; and their acquaintance is not to be disdained if
fiction glows in a warm crimson; history clothes
we desire to enlarge our ideas a little upon the bewilder-
ing rabble of this world. Since we have nothing better
itself in scarlet, perhaps thus symbolizing the to do, let us look into these Halicti."
bloody battle-fields that inevitably stain its Thus does Fabre introduce us to the burrowing
pages; poetry and drama appear in olive green; bees, which are as common in this country as
the oriental classics in dark blue; biography in
* THE LIFE AND LOVE OF THE INSECT, By J. Henri
lavender; and reference books in maroon. The
Fabre. Translated by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos, New
binding, print, and paper are all that could be York: The Macmillan Co.


1912.]
315
THE DIAL
-
in his own South of France. Anyone may know handed them to the savant. He took one, turned and
the Halicti, with pleasure and advantage; yet as
turned it between his fingers; he examined it curiously,
a matter of fact there are probably not a dozen
as one would a strange object from the other end of the
world. He put it to his ear and shook it: “ Why, it
people in America who have made their acquaint-makes a poise!' he said, quite surprised.
ance, in the intimate Fabrian sense. There is “• There's something inside!'
a certain absurdity in reviewing the writings of
"Of course there is.'
Fabre at this late date. The “ Souvenirs Ento-
66" What is it?'
6. The chrysalis.'
mologiques” are classical, and have been quoted
«« « How do you mean, the chrysalis?'
in every work on general entomology or psy I mean the sort of mummy into which the cater-
chology for many years past. Nevertheless, as piller changes before becoming a moth.'
Maeterlinck justly wrote, “the crowd is almost
“« And has every cocoon one of those things inside it?'
ignorant of the name of J. H. Fabre, who is one
Obviously. It is to protect the chrysalis that the
caterpiller spins.
of the most profound and inventive scholars and
“Really!'
also one of the purest writers, and, I was going “ And, without more words, the cocoons passed into
to add, one of the finest poets, of the century the pocket of the savant, who was to instruct himself
that is just past.” Scientific writings may be
at his leisure touching that great novelty, the chrysalis.
Pasteur
divided into three groups : technical works in-
I was struck by this magnificent assurance.
had come to regenerate the silk-worm, while knowing
tended for scientific men, popular compilations nothing about caterpillars, cocoons, chrysalises or meta-
for general use, and works which contribute to morphoses. The ancient gymnasts came naked to the
literature and science at the same time. Of the fight. The talented combatant of the plague of our silk-
first two there is no lack, but our third division
worm nurseries hastened to the battle likewise naked,
is so poorly represented as to have led to the say-
that is to say, destitute of the slightest notions about
the insect which he was to deliver from danger.
ing that those who can write on scientific subjects This novice, whose artless questions surprised me so
have no original ideas, while those who have ideas greatly, is about to revolutionize the hygiene of the silk-
cannot write. It is even true that popular works
worm nurseries. In the same way, he will revolutionize
medicine and general hygiene.
by eminent investigators are usually to be de-
scribed as critical compilations, taking no high
This amusing description requires a little
rank as science or literature. Nothing of this explanation. Little as Pasteur may have known
sort could be said of Fabre, who errs, if at all, of entomology, he did know about bacteria, and
on the side of excessive originality. The Fab-
was a learned chemist. Of Fabre himself it is
rian doctrine in science is like that of Auguste equally true that he approached his problems
Sabatier in religion: away from authority, away
with a mind well stored with knowledge and
from institutionalism, toward the source of light trained in judgment. These advantages, com-
itself, approached naively and with confidence. bined with a high degree of native ability,
Entomology, with Fabre, is a matter strictly produced the results we so much admire. Nev-
between the observer and the insect. In one of ertheless, it was equally true of Pasteur and
his chapters, after describing how he was misled Fabre, that they sought direct contact with na-
by placing reliance on what he had read, he gives ture, and it was certainly due to their freedom
an account of a visit from Pasteur, in illustration
from the shackles of tradition that they made
of his point.
many of their important discoveries. One re-
“ Pasteur's tour through the Avignon region had seri-
members how Pasteur was solemnly assured by
culture for its object. For some years, the silk-worm
the best authorities that it was useless to attack
nurseries had been in confusion, ravaged by unknown the question of spontaneous generation, and how
plagues. The worms, for no appreciable reason, were even Darwin used to surprise his friends by start-
falling into a putrid deliquescence, [or] hardening, so to
speak, into plaster sugar-plums. The downcast peasant
ing all sorts of apparently crazy experiments.
saw one of bis chief crops disappearing; after much care
The impression one has, on reading Fabre’s
and trouble, he had to fling his nurseries on the dung- charming essays, is that since the materials are
heap.
everywhere abundant, one has only to go out-
• A few words were exchanged on the prevailing of-doors and watch, to see things as he saw
blight; and then, without further preamble, my visitor
said: "I should like to see some cocoons. I have never
them. This is not precisely the truth, and yet
seen any; I know them only by name. Could you get it is possible to learn. Beginning with insects
me some?'
of the same kinds as those studied by Fabre,
“Nothing easier. My landlord happens to sell co-
one may first substantially repeat his observa-
coons, and he lives in the next house. If you will wait
a moment, I will bring you what you want.'
tions, and when more experienced, go on to
“Four steps took me to my neighbour's, where I
others never yet observed. There is indeed an
crammed my pockets with cocoons. I came back and excellent field for original work in every part


316
[April 16,
THE DIAL
of this country, and perhaps when the oppor-
it can be said that much of the present litera-
tunities are better understood there will be ture is sane. To this class belongs Professor
more workers. There are, however, difficulties Carlton's book, “ The History and Problems
other than intellectual. The work consumes a
of Organized Labor.”
great deal of time, and is often physically ex But while the book is sane, it is not exactly
hausting. Dr. and Mrs. Peckham of Milwaukee, what one would expect from the title. The
who better than any others represent Fabre in history of the conditions which drove labor
America, thus write of their experiences when almost to desperation, and of the fierce struggles
watching wasps :
through which it has passed, has been reduced to
“ For a whole week of scorching summer weather the minimum; the
purpose
of the author being
we lived in the bean patch, scorning fatigue. We to state the present problems of labor with the
quoted to each other the example of Fabre's daughter
barest necessities of historical background. The
Claire, whose determination to solve the problem of
Odynerus led to a sun-stroke. We followed scores of
problems are various, beginning with the forms
wasps as they hunted; we ran, we threw ourselves upon of government and the determination of policies
the ground, we scrambled along on our hands and knees of the labor unions. The various coercive meas-
in our desperate endeavors to keep them in view, and ures used by laborers and employers to attain
yet they escaped us. After we had kept one in sight
for an hour or more some sudden flight would carry
their ends, the methods of remuneration, includ-
her far away and all our labor was lost.”
ing the different kinds of wages, profit-sharing
This is quoted from "The Instincts and Habits
and cooperation, the means of settling disputes,
of the Solitary Wasps," a book which will de-
and protective legislation, are all described at
light all those who care for the works of Fabre. length. A chapter is devoted to immigration, be-
No doubt it is for the younger generation,
cause of its influence on the labor situation. The
co sweated” industries receive due attention; as
some of whom may have more leisure for intel-
lectual pursuits than their parents, that the mes-
do also the problems of child, woman, and prison
sage of Fabre is chiefly of value. We would
We would labor, unemployment, and industrial education.
suggest to those who have children of high school
A striking characteristic of the book is its
age, that a copy of the work now reviewed might balance. It is neither a tirade against capital
in many cases be an acceptable present. The
nor a special plea for labor. Apparently the
work is of course only a translation of a selection
author has attempted to state the facts from a
from the “Souvenirs.' The translation is a
disinterested point of view. The facts are so
good one in some respects, pleasant to read and overwhelming, that he, with every open-minded
retaining much of the lively style of the French; man, inevitably leans to one side — the side on
but it greatly needs revising in detail. It is to which are found life, liberty, and the pursuit of
be hoped that before long a new edition will be happiness. But it is not the liberty of a century
called for, and that it will be thoroughly gone
ago, the laissez faire kind. We have changed
over by an expert before publication.
all that,—yes, since fifty, even twenty years ago.
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
Sixty years ago, Herbert Spencer declared
that every attempt to alleviate the suffering of
the poor through state intervention only resulted
in its exacerbation. Speaking of education, he
PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY AND PROPERTY.*
said: “Taking away a man's property to educate
That the labor problem is a serious one in his own or other people's children is not needful
the United States, as well as in England and for the maintenance of his rights, and hence is
France, is a fact which students of public affairs wrong." He further declared that no rights of
must admit. That it cannot be understood with children were violated by a failure to educate
out a knowledge of certain underlying forces is them. Even if their rights were violated by this
another fact equally patent, and one which is a neglect, the presumption is that Spencer would
sufficient justification of the ever-increasing say that it was violating another and greater
amount of literature dealing with the subject. right to tax a man for their education. He even
The student of history cannot help recalling the
said that it was a “violation of the moral law"
mass of literature which deluged France before for the State “ to interpose between quacks and
the Revolution, and wondering if the present those who patronize them," and that it was an
flood will help us to a saner solution than was inalienable right of the individual to "buy medi-
the immediate result in that country. At least cine and advice from whomsoever he pleases."
* THE HISTORY AND PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZED LABOR.
Such was the despairing effort of a nineteenth-
By Frank Tracy Carlton, Ph.D. Boston: D.C. Heath & Co. century philosopher of the laissez faire school


1912.]
317
THE DIAL
to bolster up the claims of the privileged classes wage-earners, on the ground that it was an un-
under the guise of liberty and rights. If anyone warranted interference with the freedom of con-
should object that such was not his object, it is tract. But be it said to the honor of Illinois,
enough to say that social conditions in England that in 1910 her courts sustained a ten-hour law
were such at that time that
any
careful observer for women.
ought to have been able to see that the carrying But if woman and child workers have made
out of such teaching would have that result. The gains, male workers still have much for which
twentieth-century man is no less jealous of liberty to fight. There is as yet no recognition of the
and rights; but it is a far cry from Spencer to fact that inequalities exist as between man and
the present-day conception of what constitutes man, as well as between men and women; and
liberty and rights. In Spencer's day, the world that a weak man may need some protective legis-
had pretty generally accepted the principle of lation to put him on terms of equality with the
the freedom of thought, and was beginning to more powerful party.” Neither do the courts,
ask, What is that freedom worth if a man is left says Professor Carlton, “ assume the same atti-
so ignorant that he cannot think? Then it was tude toward an attempt of organized labor to
decided that children had a right to demand of obtain an eight-hour day that they do toward an
the State an opportunity to make this freedom attempt on the part of aggregate capital — a cor-
real,- that is, an opportunity for an education poration—to acquire property. The right to daily
at public expense; to-day we have gone beyond leisure is not legally safeguarded as securely as
that and decided that the State has the right to the right to acquire and hold property.”. To-
demand that the child shall be educated at its day the Pittsburg landlord spends his leisure
expense for the welfare of the social whole. which is all his time — in Europe, and collects
Thus slowly and painfully do we change our his rents through an agent from workers in the
conceptions of the content of real liberty. The mills who are given enough leisure out of twelve
laissez faire philosophy took a strong hold on hours of toil seven days in the week to pay
this
the imaginations of men, and it is hard for us tribute. Some day, perhaps, we shall set hu-
to get rid of the notion that liberty and equality manity above property.
DAVID Y. THOMAS.
depend on a “hands-off” policy on the part of
the State. This policy worked at least moder-
ately well in this country in the earlier part of
the nineteenth century, when land was plentiful
THE TRUTH ABOUT NIETZSCHE.*
and a laborer really had an opportunity to work Friedrich Nietzsche's life was lived in a series of
for himself when he became dissatisfied with his decades. Born October 15, 1844, on the forty-ninth
employer. But to-day the liberty to quit his job anniversary of the birth of the “Romanticist on the
if he does not like the conditions or his wages
Throne,” Friedrich Wilhelm IV., after whom he
means little less than the liberty to starve. So-
was named, Nietzsche was for ten years (1858–68)
ciety, says Professor Carlton, “is slowly coming
a student at Pforta, Bonn, and Leipzig; for ten
to the realization of the fact that equality of
years (1869-79) Professor of Classical Philology at
Basel; for ten years (1879–89) an almost incred-
treatment of unequals often results in gross
in-
ibly prolific writer; and for ten years (1889–1900)
justice.”
a man without a mind. He enjoyed just twenty
If society is slowly coming to this decision, the
years of mature productive activity. During the
courts are coming to it somewhat more slowly. first half of this period he had to attend to the
Only sixteen years ago the Supreme Court of various academic duties that devolve upon a very
Illinois declared void an eight-hour law for young professor ; throughout the greater part of the
women, on the ground that it was the policy of
* FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE: THE DIONYSIAN SPIRIT OF
the State to advance the cause of women, where THE Age. By A.R. Orage. Chicago : A.C. McClurg & Co.
as this law would relegate her back to depen-
NIETZSCHE. By Paul Elmer More. With portrait. Boston:
dence.” Most courts declined to follow Illinois
Houghton Mifflin Co.
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE AND HIS NEW GOSPEL. By Emily
in this treatment of women and children, hold S. Hamblen. Boston: Richard G. Badger.
ing that children were the wards of the State, NIETZSCHE AND ART. By Anthony M. Ludovici. London:
and that some favorable legislation was neces-
Constable & Co., Ltd.
THE QUINTESSENCE OF NIETZSCHE. By J. M. Kennedy.
sary in the case of women to put them, in the
New York: Duffield & Co.
words of Justice Holmes, " on terms of equality ECCE Homo. By Friedrich Nietzsche. Translated by
with the more powerful party." Yet as late as
Anthony M. Ludovici. New York: The Macmillan Co.
THE LIFE OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, By Daniel
1907 the New York Court of Appeals declared
Halévy; translated by J. M. Hone; introduction by T. M.
void a law prohibiting night-work by women Kettle. With portrait. New York: The Macmillan Co.


318
[April 16,
THE DIAL
entire period he suffered the tortures of the damned ever wrote the German language. Sensitive himself
from his head and his eyes and his stomach. Yet as an anemone, he felt it his mission to despise the
his works, so far as they have been published in Ger- weak, crush the mediocre, and refute the strong. All
many, consist of seventeen volumes aggregating over of which is more interesting than explanatory.
8500
pages of solid if repetitive material. And there Although Nietzsche had but one contemporary
is more to come. Small wonder, then, that George disciple, Heinrich Koselitz, he has been followed
Brandes, in one of the
very
first trustworthy essays up by legions of posthumous ones. Mr. M. A.
on Nietzsche (1888), should have said in his just Mügge makes the statement in his life of Nietzsche
and divinatory way: “Of modern German writers, (1908) that there have been nearly one fourth as
Nietzsche is to me the most interesting. He deserves many monographs written on him as on Shake
to be studied, interpreted, refuted, and assimilated."
speare. The same writer points out the influence
Nietzsche was a philologist (1869–76), a philoso- of Nietzsche on Alberti, Andrejanoff, Bleibtreu,
pher (1876–83), a prophet (1883–89), a psychologist Conrad, Conradi, Dehmel, Ernst, Fulda, Halbe,
at times, and always a poet. He abounded in affic Hart, Hauptmann, Heyse, Jordan, Kappf-Essenther,
tion, aspiration, courtesy, family pride, fortitude, Kretzer, von Leixner, von Mayer, Mauthner, Ros-
individualism, intelligence, lyricism, melancholy, mer, Spielhagen, Sudermann, Schlaf, Weigand, Wid-
paradoxes, and receptivity. He lacked balance, com mann, and Wilbrandt, in Germany, as well as a
mon sense, humor, modesty, originality, patriotism, space-consuming list of writers in England, France,
and sympathy. He liked aphorisms,chloral, Dionysos, Spain, Italy, and Russia. But we are concerned
Greece, big-sounding words, music, solitude, strength, here with Nietzschean students. What has been
the Old Testament, and war. He disliked alchohol, their attitude toward their hero? Those who have
anarchism, anti-Semitism, Apollo, constraint, Chris studied him but little, or not at all, condemn his
tianity, the crowd, history, Prussia, romanticism, works on the ground that he was revolutionary, and
socialism, specialists, the New Testament, tobacco, cynical, and contradictory, and insane. Those who
and women. That is to say, it seems as though he have studied him most, and who knew him longest
did. But to take only one case, Nietzsche possessed and best, deny the charge of insanity previous to
such a huge amount of common sense that we are January 4, 1889, and look upon the other unenvi-
apt to be prejudiced as to the quality in the face of able characteristics as being as irrelevant to a discus-
such an overwhelming quantity.
sion of his works as would Da Vinci's hobnobbing
More so than in the case of Prince Paul Troubet with Cæsar Borgia be to an appreciation of his
zkoy, Nietzsche's works constitute his life. He “La Gioconda.” Lessing said once, that in order to
thought much, he read little, he acted less. Nor do understand any single sentence of Aristotle, it was
the few conspicuous features of his life add mate necessary to read all of Aristotle. It is just so with
rially to an explanation of his works. He came of Nietzsche. And to the student who has read all of
a long line of long-lived Protestant preachers. He Nietzsche, the case presents itself about as follows:
never spoke a word until he was two and a half years We have to do here with a man of imaginative intel-
old, and his first spoken word was “grandma.” He lectuality, who believed in the will to power, the
blushed, as a child, when he broke anything - and eternal return of the same, the relativity of all things,
then spent bis adult years trying to break things. and that the existence of the world is justified only
He heard, as a mere boy, Händel’s “Messiah,” and as an æsthetic phenomenon. Equip a man with such
went straight home and began to compose another faith, and then let him always be thinking, and poetiz-
“ Messiah.” If he found a girl apparently as clever ing, and writing while awake, and so arrange his
as a boy, he attributed the equality to some supernat health that he has to take chloral in order to sleep,
ural power—and this before reading Schopenhauer. and we get those seventeen volumes that provoked
He wrote out a complete invoice of his life every the seven studies with which we have to deal in this
time he took a decisive step. He matriculated at the review.
University of Leipzig, October 18, 1865, just one Mr. Orage's booklet on Nietzsche is just half as
century after Goethe's matriculation at the same long as the Constitution of the United States. In
institution, and laughed in his sleeve when Rector the
very first sentence, he refers to his hero as "the
Kahnis advised the fellows not to follow Goethe's greatest European event since Goethe," thus ruling
example as a student. He sat through many lectures, out of court Victor Hugo, whom Nietzsche dubbed
took almost no notes, and became a very wise man. “the light-house on the sea of nonsense.” A little
Leipzig gave him a doctor's degree, when he was later, Nietzsche is referred to as “the brightest intel-
twenty-four years old, without dissertation or exami lectual light that Earope knew.” So this is no unin-
nation. Since he spent the major part of his life writ- spired study. And yet, what Mr. Orage has actually
ing dissertations, one can pardon this feature of his done is this: After giving the few facts of Nietzsche's
unique degree, but he should have been obliged to life in the first chapter, he has analyzed his first work,
pass the examinations, for he just barely passed those “The Birth of Tragedy,” in which Nietzsche set up
at Pforta. He was a Professor of Philology who the famous doctrine of Apollo against Dionysos.
advised his students not to become philologists. He Nietzsche always claimed that he was the first to
himself did some glaringly inaccurate etymologizing. | formulate this principle. Yet Friedrich Schlegel did
He is the author of more puns than any man who it before him, in so many words, and Schiller did


1912.]
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it before him, in other words, in Die Würde der dencies are directly away from our enunciated ideals,
Frauen, which poem might have been entitled Die and that Nietzsche's penetrating thought will there-
Unwürde der Männer. This is the doctrine: Just fore help us to discover our actual minds — hence
as procreation is dependent on the duality of the the New Gospel. But with the best of intentions it
sexes, so is the continuous development of art bound cannot be said that hers is a new exegesis of Nietz-
up with the duplexity of the Apollonian and the scho's old message-unless it be the one chapter on
Dionysian. Apollo is the good and manly god of style, where she points out that Nietzsche gave new
shape, restraint, boundaries of justice, light, sweet meanings to such terms as "will," "free spirit,”
reasonableness, individualization, beauty, the harp, “sympathy," "logic," “reason,” “knowledge," and
the epic, the god of Homer, of sooth-saying, and of “necessity.” Webster and his whole fraternity walk
dreams. Dionysos is the bad god of formlessness, on a bottomless quag in this chapter, but life re-
lack of restraint, loss of the individual, the dithyram- mains the same. To explain, for example, “neces-
bic god of romanticism, of the tragedy, of Archilochus, sity” biologically will neither lower the cost of
of drunkenness, and of music. Mr. Orage has, to be provisions nor clarify our aspirations. The fact of
sure, a chapter on “Beyond Good and Evil," and one the whole business is this: Nietzsche was an untir-
on "The Superman,” but they do not get far beyond ing attacker. In the seventh aphorism of “Why I
Nietzsche's first work. The most interesting page am so wise,” he tells us that he attacked only the
in the whole treatise is the one containing the list of triumphant, and that he did this alone, imperson-
dead and living Dionysian writers, -of the former, ally, and unreminiscentially. It is healthy to have
twenty-four, of the latter, eight, as follows: Brandes, a select number of this sort of men around. They
Bernard Shaw, W. H. Hudson, R. B. Cunninghame nerve; but they do not found a new gospel. Evan-
Graham, Gorki, H. G. Wells, Edward Carpenter, gels, like constitutions, need occasional amendments,
and W. B. Yeats. Of the former list, Blake is
pos but complete supplantation --- never!
sibly the most interesting, since Mr. Orage says Of the seven studies considered in the present
elsewhere that “he who has read the Marriage of review, Mr. Ludovici's “Nietzsche and Art” is the
Heaven and Hell, and grasped its significance, will most remarkable, partly because the writer ap-
have little to learn from the apostle of Zarathustra." proaches Nietzsche from the æsthetic side. Despite
Mr. Paul Elmer More began his study of Nietzsche the fact that Nietzsche was essentially a man of
“with a feeling of repulsion for the man,” and laid letters, and not a student of science (which he
it down with “ pity for his tragic failures and admira- loathed as something that only produces ugliness ),
tion for his reckless devotion to ideas " - another the book on “Nietzsche the Littérateur,” though it is
case of tout comprendre, c'est tout pardonner, si | being cared for, has not yet been written. Nietzsche
non tout admirer. He attempts to define Nietzsche's bore about the same relation to German letters that
attitude toward sympathy and egotism. The book Emerson (whom he read and adored and imitated)
is very small, the point of view very comprehensive. bore to American letters. This, in substance, is Mr.
Beginning with the pure egotism of the seventeenth Ludovici's thesis: The highest Art, or Ruler-Art, in
century moralists, as preached by Hobbes and La which culture is opposed to chaos can be the product
Rochefoucauld, we pass on to the faintly sympathetic only of an aristocratic society. Nietzsche preached
naturalism of Locke and Mandeville, then to Hume the highest type, the Superman. But with mob at
who made a more or less altruistic naturalism cur the top and mob at the bottom, the multitude feel
rent, and Adam Smith who gave it sentiment, next it their privilege, if not their duty, to smear and
we hear of Laurence Sterne and Henry Brooke who smatter in art, so we get mob and medley in art.
added the touch of sentimentality, which touch pre If we had, however, such a faith in a worthy Ruler-
pares us for Rousseau who taught that self-interest | Type as existed in the Egypt that produced the
is sure to work injustice, and Schleiermacher, who diorite statue of King Khephrën, the builder of the
preached the universal sympathy of German Roman second pyramid of Gizeh, then art would be blessed
ticism - all of which takes us two centuries away with the symmetry that denotes balance, the sobriety
from Nietzsche, who admired La Rochefoucauld and that reveals restraint, the simplicity that proves the
anathematized "sympathy with the lowly and the power of the mind, the transfiguration that betrays
suffering as a standard for the elevation of the soul.” elation, the repetition that connotes obedience, and
After this long but legitimate digression, Mr. More the variety that characterizes all hortatory art. The
returns to Nietzsche the arch-egotist, the prophet spirits of Winckelmann and Lessing and Goethe at
who made some highly provocative remarks concern their best are here conjured up.
There are 236
ing his self-interested efforts to reach a superhuman pages in the book, but he who does not read it
goal. The work stimulates. Yet this book, like all straight through at once has either weak eyes or
of Nietzsche's own books, shows that he is a very slight appreciation of edle Einfalt und stille Grösse.
wise man who can fly in the face of the relativity of And he who reads it but once is artistically impious.
all things and determine, with stop-watch accuracy, It requires haloed patience to read Mr. J. M. Ken-
just where egotism ends and altruism begins, -or nedy's book on “The Quintessence of Nietzsche.”
the other way around.
The English language has no subjunctive of indirect
Miss Emily Hamblen made her study of Nietzsche discourse. In this book, master and disciple speak
for America. She believes, namely, that our ten on the same page. They speak in turns. And with


320
[April 16,
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no change of type, and with only an almost imper- Life of Nietzsche, we cheerfully overlook the many
ceptible indentation of the lines, how is one to tell who typographical errors in the quotations from the
is speaking? Also, one quotation will prove that the German, and the author's peculiar habit of referring
book is not only explanatory, but decidedly apolo to the exact day of the month without giving the
getic and justificatory. Nietzsche delivered in 1872 a year, and jubilantly proclaim the charm of the book
series of lectures on “The Future of our Educational as a whole. It gives a grand picture of the spiritual
Institutions.” Of these Mr. Kennedy says: struggles of this last, lofty, German idealist. Mr.
“If the lectures are applicable to both Germany and En Kettle's introduction is also delightfully written. His
gland, they are even more applicable to the United States of reference to Nietzsche as “a man of ecstasies, rather
America, probably the most Philistine country in the world.
than of sequent thought” is happy. Then there is
This heterogeneous agglomeration of eighty million Philis-
an added charm by reason of the fact that Richard
tines stands badly in need of a Nietzsche at the present
moment, and as the country is not likely to produce one —
Wagner comes in for much discussion. Wagner is
its schools and colleges turn out mere standardised money-
as conspicuous in these pages by his presence, as
making machines - we can only hope that these lectures will
Nietzsche is by his absence in Wagner's Autobiog-
be thoroughly studied there by the few who have not been raphy. The apparently unconscious purpose of Mr.
drawn into the commercial vortex."
Halévy has been to show that it was Wagner who
Though grieved at our deplorable condition, we smile, deprived Nietzsche of those three things after which
and hope, and worry on! And this is not the only he so ardently strove — friendship, love, and fame.
passage where Mr. Kennedy falls into similar tone. And though Frau Cosima has never seen fit to allow
In the conclusion, we hear of “the malign influence the publication of the letters Nietzsche wrote to
of Christianity,” of the “superiority of the Italian Wagner, Wagners part of the correspondence has
beggar-boy with the instinctive good taste in art to been published and is here wisely utilized. It is
the American millionaire whose thoughts cannot extremely doubtful if there has ever been such a
raise themselves above the fluctuations of the Stock peculiar friendship as existed between these two
Exchange," and so on. It sounds like Nietzsche peculiar geniuses. Nietzsche is to be pitied. He
himself. It makes us stop and think. But now that thought (we are perplexed to know why) from the
the quintessence of Nietzsche has been given, we days of “Parsifal" and Bayreuth on that he hated
suddenly recall that Nietzsche did not have to stop Wagner. But M. Halévy makes it clear that the
to think, so that many of his thoughts are flighty and hatred, though not fictitious, was not unalloyed.
errant. And when Nietzsche did stop, he consumed Nietzsche loved, and therefore hated, the man who
his time writing down his thoughts instead of asso deprived him of friendship, love, and fame. One
ciating with his fellow-men; as a result of which he of the last coherent sentences he uttered in those
said many commonplace things, not knowing that last dark moments was, “Wagner, den hab' ich
many others had also said them.
sehr geliebt!” And here we must unreservedly laud
Translations are contestable evidence of merit, the fine taste with which the whole book is written,
done, as they sometimes are, more out of curiosity - especially the part that deals with the mindless
than admiration. Sudermann's worst work found a hero. German biographers have something to learn
translator almost without delay; Fontane's best re in this respect. M. Halévy passes over Nietzsche's
mains untranslated. Mr. Ludovici has met a demand last years with charity: he tells a few fascinating
by his excellent rendering of “Ecce Homo,” thus little stories, and then closes with the sentence,
completing the seventeenth volume of Nietzsche in “Friedrich Nietzsche died at Weimar, on the 25th
English. He and Helen Zimmern are among the of August, 1900.”
best translators in the series. One can only admire So Nietzsche has been much discussed. He has
the great faith with which he approached his task. passed through the whole gamut of comment, from
“Ecce Homo” was begun by its author October 15, ecstatic laudation to complete repudiation. No won-
1888, and finished November 4 of the same year,
der! He wrote the very best of German prose
though it was not published in Germany until though not always, as is currently believed, in short
1908. There are those who consider that during sentences. But he was a master of punctuation, of
this period Nietzsche was an insane man. But Mr. motionless gestures. His form was invariably good,
Ludovici not only denies this, but he contends that his content infinitely varied. He had an opinion
his hero was then enjoying what the physicians call on every subject. Nothing to him was sacred ;
euphoria — the state of highest well-being. He ad everything was relative, liable to change, and eter-
mires the whole work of “Ecce Homo.” Even such pally recurring. His case might be visualized as
headings as, “Why I am so clever,” he defends by follows: He said more on the general topic of
Goethe's remark: Nur Lumpe sind bescheiden. religion, in the broad sense, than on any other one
Whenever there is call for this sort of work, that is theme. Now, let an intelligent college student go
just the spirit in which it should be done. Yet it to his country home at Christmas. They have a
would have been a great boon to the German lan Christmas service in the church of his childhood.
guage had Nietzsche never been translated. “Ecce They ask him to make an address. He accepts. He
Homo” will be welcomed in English, however, speaks on the beauty of celebrating Christ's birth,
especially for Nietzsche's account of “inspiration.” even as a mere tradition. In the course of his re-
But when we come to a discussion of M. Halévy's | marks he says that the one thing we know about
-


1912.]
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THE DIAL
Christ's birth is that it did not take place on the has many of the marks of the pot-boiler, but it is
25th of December, so and so many years ago. His readable. A source of constant irritation is found
audience at once divides itself into four camps. in the fact that, whenever German words are intro-
There will be some who knew that fact long before duced and this is quite frequently they are
this student was born. And a whole host of the ap almost invariably misspelled.
parently novel things that Nietzsche said were self Once in a great while, the reviewer has the good
evident truths two thousand years ago. Others will fortune to come upon a novel which is not merely
be asleep, and will not hear. These Nietzsche well-constructed and interesting, but whose every
would have liked to crush. But they deserve the page exemplifies the artistic conscience of the writer.
sympathy that he condemned,- they are tired, they Such a novel is the “Christopher" of Mr. Richard
have worked hard growing the wheat that Nietz-Pryce. It is not a novel of heroics or of impossible
scheans eat. Others will say, “Ah, the city and the idealities, and it is concerned only with ordinary
college have robbed him of his faith.” But these people, but its characters are all authentic human
deserve the patience that Nietzsche did not have. beings, and their delineation gives evidence of the
And another small party will say, “That is not very most painstaking and loving thought. The story of
important, but I did not know it before, and I am Christopher begins with his infancy. His widowed
grateful for the information.” Zarathustra spokemother, returning from India, gives birth to him at
“for all and for none.” It was Nietzsche's business sea, and his early years are spent in an English
to set thoughts in motion. And peace to the ashes country home. Presently, the family circumstances
and honor to the name of any man who can do just become straitened, and the necessity for economy
this thing! ALLEN WILSON PORTERFIELD.
causes the family — grandmother, mother, child,
and devoted maid - to take up their residence at
Boulogne, and there Christopher lives through his
boyhood years. He is distinctly a child who sees
RECENT FICTION.*
things, and early gives evidence of the possession of
The title of Mr. John Oxenham's "The High a sensitive artistic nature. One day he is in danger,
Adventure” is to be taken literally, for the tale is, and is rescued by an Englishman who henceforth
in very truth, one of adventure in the “high" Alps. becomes his hero and the pattern of all that seems
It tells of a young English diplomat who, on his vaca admirable to his childish consciousness. Now this
tion in Switzerland, meets a damsel in distress, and Englishman is a former sweetheart of Christopher's
becomes her protector. She is a Russian damsel, and mother, and is just then in the train of a lady whose
she has a sister in a Swiss prison, incarcerated for indiscretions (to put it mildly) have made her an
her successful assassination of a high Russian official outcast from English society, and the colony at
who had made her the object of his unwelcome atten- Boulogne does not recognize her. All this is im-
tions. Plans have been made for her escape, and to portant, because afterwards, when Christopher's
aid her in this attempt, the fair Sonia enlists Charles family returns to England, the man, freed from his
Verney, her accidental acquaintance. The attempt entanglement — which had been the outcome of
succeeds, whereupon the man and the two girls be- chivalry rather than of passion, succeeds in winning
come fugitives from justice, and endeavor to reach the love which had earlier been denied him, and
the frontier undiscovered. In their wanderings, an becomes Christopher's step-father. Also, the lady
avalanche overwhelms them, killing the sister (which with the shady past has a daughter who, after a
is perhaps quite as well), and burying the other two chance encounter in England some years later, be-
in the mountain hut which is conveniently at hand comes the object of Christopher's worship. The
when the snow slides down the mountain side. A chapters that follow exhibit the psychology of a
pretty romance develops, and by the time the two young man in love with marvellous penetration and
are rescued, is ripe for the inevitable conclusion. sympathy, but the girl is not for him, as becomes
This is not one of Mr. Oxenham's best stories, and evident when the inherited taint in her character is
revealed. We take leave of Christopher as he is
* THE High ADVENTURE. By John Oxenham. New
York: Duffield & Co.
mastering the agony of disappointment, and seeking
CHRISTOPHER. By Richard Pryce. Boston: Houghton
solace in his work. This is the whole story, a story
Mifflin Co.
for the most part of commonplace people, told in a
THE WAY OF AN EAGLE. By E. M. Dell, New York:
way that is suggestive of Thackeray, with tender
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
sentiment and rich appreciation of the values of
BOB HARDWICK. The Story of his Life and Experi-
ences. By Henry Howard Harper. Privately printed at the
ordinary human existence. It is a very beautiful
De Vinne Press.
and pathetic story, of the kind not to be hastily read
A HOOSIER CHRONICLE. By Meredith Nicholson. Boston: without serious loss.
Houghton Mifflin Co.
A familar type of the Anglo-Indian novel is repro-
TANTE. By Anne Douglas Sedgwick, New York: The duced in Mr. E. M. Dell's “The Way of an Eagle."
Century Co.
First, there is the handful of British soldiers, sur-
ZULEIKA DOBSON ; or, An Oxford Love Story. By Max
Beerbohm. New York: John Lane Co.
rounded by hostile natives in an isolated mountain
THE MYSTERY OF NUMBER 47. By J. Storer Clouston. post, too far from the main body to hope for succor,
New York: Moffat, Yard & Co.
and maintaining a forlorn hope to the desperate


322
[April 16,
THE DIAL
end. Then there is the daughter of the commanding times inherit unsuspected fortunes, and do sometimes
officer, who must somehow be saved from a dreadful win the objects of their childish devotion, and there
fate. Then there is the daring soldier who loves her, is no reason why we should not take the whole story to
and who charges himself with the responsibility of be a true one, as the larger part of it unquestionably
either rescuing her or of seeing that she is not taken is. Its poignancy, its minute realism, and its art-
alive. Being a resourceful man, Nick Ratcliffe carries lessness, are things that we cannot ascribe wholly to
her through the lines of the besiegers and brings her imagination, and we have little doubt that the writer
to safety in the advancing relief column. Gratitude is, for the most part, copying from the book of his
would seem to dictate that Nick should have his own life. This gives the book a documentary value
reward, but Muriel Roscoe does not know her own which it could not well have if it were the product of
mind, and a little malicious gossip, coupled with the artifice, and we get from it a vivid idea of the hard
feeling of horror with which she has witnessed the and prosaic conditions of frontier life a generation
scene in which Nick had choked to death a native
ago, as transmitted through the medium of a sensi-
who was seeking her life, cause her to break off their tive mind. Almost any commonplace person who has
engagement, and make it possible to prolong the story grown up under such conditions could tell as good a
to the required length. Returning to England, she story as this, but it is only now and then that one
drifts into an engagement with the very Englishman is found who thinks the effort worth making. We
whose nerve had failed him in the horrible crisis of have read the book from cover to cover with an inter-
her life in India, and who is now philandering with est aroused and sustained by its evident fidelity to
the wife of one of his friends in the Indian service. fact, and it was only in those passages which led us
Nick puts the matter to both the man and the woman to suspect an element of invention that our interest
somewhat bluntly and breaks up this arrangement, flagged.
whereupon Muriel gradually comes to the conclusion Mr. Meredith Nicholson has heretofore been
that she loves her rescuer after all. The fact that known as a novelist of plot and incident, and, as
Nick's manner somehow suggests that of an eagle such, has won many friends, and achieved a high
watching his prey and finally swooping down upon position among our entertainers. But in “A Hoo
it is the explanation of the title given by Mr. Dell sier Chronicle” he has done something much bigger,
to his story. But we are not convinced that the and given us a work of fiction of a richly human
heroine was worthy of the hero, despite all the au sort, creating real characters rather than puppets,
thor's efforts to persuade us.
and giving us a penetrating study of political life and
“Bob Hardwick: The Story of his Life and Ex domestic relations in the commonwealth of Indiana.
periences,” by Mr. Henry Howard Harper, is a book The period is that of the now dying generation, and
that comes to us in sumptuous guise, privately printed, we catch the ideals of the newer time in the very
and issued under the auspices of the Bibliophile Soci act of replacing the old ones. The story is aptly
ety. It is the story, told in the first person, of a boy's named, for it is a “chronicle” in the sense that it
life from the age of five to the years of early manhood. pursues a leisurely course, building up its interest by
The boy's father is a district school teacher, a wid recording occurrences in their natural order, and
ower, who treats his child with unnatural harshness, revealing the Zeitgeist by many subtle suggestions.
although we occasionally get glimpses of a streak of There is a plot, of course, but it is subordinated to
sentiment somewhere in his composition. Early in the demands of the composition considered as a pic-
the narrative, he breaks up his humble home, packs ture, and is not accentuated by strikingly dramatic
the meagre household equipment in a covered wagon, situations or climaxes. Even when the central mys-
and starts upon a long odyssey, broken now and tery, that of the heroine's parentage, is cleared up,
then by a school term, through the states lying west the disclosure is made quietly, and an opportunity
of the Mississippi. The boy gets a certain amount which would be to most novelists the occasion for a
of schooling, by which he evidently profits, but most startling dénouement, with recrimination and self-
of his experiences relate to the periods during which reproach and tearful reparation, is handled with
he is hired out to various forms of service. About severe restraint. There is no surprise in the dis-
midway in the story, the father disappears from view, closure, for we have been prepared for it all along,
leaving his son in the clutches of an incredibly mean and it comes as the sequence of no dramatic trick,
old farmer, who makes him do the work of two men nor is it accompanied by any elaborate stage-setting.
for his board and clothes. Then comes a change in The appetite accustomed to literary condiments will
his fortunes, for it is discovered that he is the heir, find it all rather tasteless, but to the unspoiled pal-
through his mother, to a fair fortune. He then gives ate it will give wholesome satisfaction. The figure
himself a real education, studies law, seeks out the of Morton Bassett, about which the interest of the
girl whom he has held in secret adoration from the novel is centered, is a full-length portrait of the poli-
days when he was an unconsidered waif, and per tician who wins success by the means at hand, and
suades her to share his life. This is the outline of is no more scrupulous in his methods than the pre-
what we should take to be a literal transcript from vailing standard of political morality seems to re-
the writer's memory of his own childhood experi- quire. But that standard is insensibly changing,
ences, were it not for the fact that the later chapters and when the change is finally borne in upon his
show some signs of contrivance. Still, boys do some consciousness, he withdraws from the game. He is


1912.]
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THE DIAL
by no means a bad man, but he realizes that his suc nature. Karen again takes flight, anywhere, to bury
cess has been due to practices that public opinion herself with the grief of her shattered ideal, and
no longer regards with approval, and he heeds the when Gregory unearths her, she realizes that he has
lesson. This revulsion of feeling is largely brought been right all along. Even then, the desperate woman,
about by the influence of his daughter Sylvia, who, by simulated contrition, tries to regain Karen’s affec-
by a series of seemingly trifling and unrelated reve tion, and to keep her apart from her husband, but
lations, learns of her parentage, and makes use of the her power for evil is broken forever. This makes
knowledge, not to exact any personal reparation, but a rather disagreeable story, which is saved by its
to persuade Bassett to make the atonement to society style and its extraordinary powers of characteriza-
which his aroused conscience dictates. Something tion. All three of the principal figures are made
like a dozen important characters are involved in very real, as well as that of the old American woman
the action of the story, and every one of them is
who has been Madame Okraska's companion and
naturally and convincingly drawn. In such sober caretaker from infancy, and who knows her through
and conscientious workmanship we may find a real and through. When this shrewd New Englander,
hope for the future of American literature. with her blunt homely speech and her practical com-
A remarkable study of the artistic temperament mon sense, takes a hand in the game, the complica-
is given us in the “ Tante ” of Anne Douglas Sedg. tion is soon straightened out, and husband and wife
wick (Mrs. Basil de Selincourt). Madame Okraska, are restored to each other's confidence.
in whom several racial strains are blended, is a Miss Zuleika Dobson is a young lady who does
pianist of world-wide fame, who is called Tante (in conjuring turns in the music halls, and who irresisti-
German pronunciation) by her intimates. She is a bly wins all masculine hearts who come within the
woman of genius, and, as is too frequently the case range of her fatal influence. She is also a grand-
with such persons, finds in that fact a sufficient war daughter of the Warden of Judas, and comes down
rant for despising ordinary mortals, and for treat to Oxford as a self-invited guest in his household.
ing with scant courtesy those who, in simple kindness Her devastating influence is felt at once, and all
of heart, bestow upon her their attentions, and seek the undergraduates who catch a glimpse of her on
to knit with her those sympathetic human relations the day of her arrival succumb to her fascination.
which sweeten life. She lives in such an atmo- Among them is the Duke of Dorset, a very paragon
sphere of adulation that it becomes a necessity of of accomplishment and aristocratic desirability. Un-
her existence, and whoever fails to do her instant fortunately, he does not dissemble his love, but boldly
and unmeasured homage, and patiently submit to declares it, which is the worst thing he could have
being snubbed by her life caprice to prompre here
, done, for Zuleikal numbers her captired of an degrees
incurs her deepest displeasure. She is, moreover, by the thousands, and the only man she can love is
intensely passionate, and becomes positively malig- the one who shall be quite indifferent to her charms.
nant if her whims are opposed. She has an inmost She spurns all that he offers her — wealth, social
nature which is simply devilish, and yet, such is the position, titles of most sorts of nobility, and ancestral
spell cast by her genius upon her entourage, that castles in half a dozen countries. Whereupon he
her character is not suspected by her circle of ad announces that he has resolved to die for her. When
mirers. Particularly is she the object of the devotion she sees that he means it, she half relents, but it is
of a young girl whom she has adopted in childhood, too late. She exacts from him, however, the promise
and who is her constant companion. Presently there that when he takes the plunge into the Isis — for that
appears upon the scene a well-bred young English is to be his mode of exit from this troublous sphere-
man of the philistine type, who falls in love with he will speak her name in a loud voice, so that the
the young girl. He has wealth, position, and all the world may know the object of the unrequited love that
solid virtues imaginable, but he refuses to bow down has impelled him to so tragic an end. The remain-
to Madame Okraska's geniu