tion to the Chaldean empire of
been written of Irish Catholic life.
Nebuchadnezzar and beyond. For that empire
Spain in the days of the weak and unfortunate succumbed to the Persians (538 B.C.), who
Philip IV., with his prime minister, Olivares, as the in turn fell before Alexander (331 B.C.).
leading figure, provides the scene for Miss Amelia
The Greek period was followed by the Par-
Josephine Burr's “A Dealer in Empire” (Harper); thian (139 B.c.), the latter by the Sassanide
A beautiful girl, niece to a celebrated actress and
herself successful in her brief career upon the stage,
(A.D. 226). Scattered dwellings existed in
furnishes the necessary appeal to the sensibilities.
Merkes far down into the Arabic period (be-
She is beloved by a young nobleman and by the
gan in 636), perhaps as late as A.D. 1200.
King himself, but yields herself rather to the higher
Since then, however, the whole site of the
appeal made by the minister, to whom she bears a
ancient city has been deserted. As the Assy-
son. His ambitions take him from her, and place rian Sennacherib had razed Babylon in 689
her in retirement. The conclusion is admirably B.C., the most imposing remains discoverable
worked out, in accordance with ideas of sentimental | begin with the brilliant reign of Nebuchadnez-
justice. Simple and easy in style, direct and com zar (604-561 B.C.), when the rebuilt city was
pact in substance, this is an historical novel fully most populous. During the Persian period
romanticized.
the Euphrates occupied a new channel, thus
Miss Mary Bride reappears with all her common producing the configuration known to Herodo-
sensible charm in Mr. Edgar Jepson's “Happy tus and Ctesias. The English publishers have
Pollyooly” (Bobbs-Merrill Co.); as do also her
included all the illustrations of the German
small brother “ The Lump,” her employer the bar volume. But they have used thicker and less
rister, and nearly all the other personages of the highly calendered paper, so that the copious
story of which this is the sequel. Pollyooly is a
most engaging young person who has the knack of
half-tone plates have lost decidedly in bril-
coming safely out of all adventures, however com-
liance. A reduction in size of page has neces-
plicated, and always with a substantial sum of
sitated folding the colored plate fig. 64, which
money in her possession. There is a somewhat
has also been interchanged with fig. 80. The
long-drawn-out episode having to do with a prince
worst feature of the English volume is the
of the House of Hohenzollern which, we fear, does fragile binding, which gives way upon first
injustice to that doughty line's conceptions of opening the book. On the other hand, one is
education.
glad to note the addition of running title and


348
(April 29
THE DIAL
index. The thirteen years' accomplishments drama, we may look forward hopefully to the
summarized in "The Excavations at Baby evolution of an art that will not need to hide
lon” represent about one half of the total its diminished head before the achievements of
task. Accounts of further progress are avail other lands and times.
able in German only, in the bulletins of the
Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft. Even now the
Even the most unemotional of
work continues, for in spite of the war Dr.
A posthumous
volume by reviewers must admit that with
Koldewey returned last November to his field. Sister Nivedita.
some books sympathy is the only
Whether the excavation of the city is ever to exegete; and in Sister Nivedita's “Footfalls
be finished can not now be foretold. Until
of Indian History” (Longmans) we have a
that consummation is attained, the present striking instance. One cannot fail to note in
volume will be indispensable to those who seek the volume many out-and-out mistakes, and a
acquaintance with ancient Babylon.
still greater number of controverted points as-
sumed as unquestioned truths; yet one leaves
In the poetic opera, “Fairyland" the volume with the feeling that this gifted
A successful
(Yale University Press), Mr. Irish woman, who became such a thorough-
American opera.
Brian Hooker has given us an going convert to Hinduism, has given us gener-
alluring text which demands at every point of
ous fare. At the same time it is difficult to
its development a musical setting. If the book say just what group of readers would care for
had not been written so that Mr. Horatio W. the book as a whole. To most people a stronger
Parker might illuminate it with his mature appeal will be made by such papers as “A
and effective art, it would have solicited infal- Study of Benares" and "The History of India
libly the services of some other musician to and Its Study” than by the chapters on “The
accomplish what has been done by the master Ancient Abbey of Ajanta” or “The Cities of
of orchestral investiture at Yale College. The
Buddhism "; but the latter type represents
fairyland presented in this drama is not the the genuinely valuable work of the author.
Shakespearean forest of the “Midsummer Naturally, one must always make allowance
Night's Dream.” Titania and Oberon have no for her preconceptions that Hinduism is trans-
part in it. The story and significance connect cendentally noble and that there is a national
themselves more directly with Maeterlinck and unity of India; but when this has been done,
his remarkable plays. There is the old anti the reader will find that her work is careful
thesis of ecclesiastical domination on the one and conscientious, and based on a serious study
side and governmental tyranny on the other; alike of the monuments and of the standard
between these two, human life is crushed as
authorities. The volume is illustrated by ex-
between the upper and nether millstones. cellent photographs and plans, as well as by
Liberation is brought about through the eleva six colored plates of real merit, reproducing
tion of the great body of mankind, and the water-colors from the brushes of Gaganendra
normal happiness of ennobled daily life is set Nath Tagore and Nanda Lal Bose. Inasmuch
above all artificial and oppressive distinctions.
as Miss Noble's books are gradually reaching
This theme is presented in a well conceived a wider circle, it would seem that the volume
form, picturesque, simple, interesting. Mr. might have given us a brief account of her
Hooker's “Fairyland" is the realm of human life and writings, and of her death some four
nature's daily experiences, in the regular proc years ago. In itself this would make most
esses of the diurnal round, sincerely pursued interesting reading, as well as being a real
for ends that are beneficent and purifying, the convenience for such readers as are gaining
completeness of love and sacrifice. This does their first acquaintance with this remarkable
not mean that the book is a moral allegory. woman.
The sensuous appeal is there, the story and the
In a disinterested effort to save
Modern fiction
pictures are sufficient, the characters awaken
at least a little Latin from the
admiration and comment, the poetry is melo-
engulfing flood of anti-classic-
dious, and the echoes of internal meaning sur ism, Mr. E. Parmalee Prentice, who will be
round it with a rich and luminous atmosphere. remembered for his prominence in the Am-
We have not had as yet the opportunity of see herst movement against undue intrusion of the
ing the score, but the play seems well adapted sciences into the field of academic culture, has
to the general tendencies of Mr. Parker's work; followed up his last year's publication of
and this opera, the second by the same author Ruskin's “The King of the Golden River," in
and composer to win a notable prize, ought to Dr. Arcadius Avellanus's Latin translation,
find audiences that will rejoice in its romantic with a second book of diverting fiction in the
color and movement. If here is an exemplifi same tongue and from the same translator.
cation of what America is to do in musical This time choice has been made of the learned
in Latin dress.


1915]
349
THE DIAL
adventures
on land and sea.
David-Léon Cahun's story of ancient mari. is charity.” Incidentally, by every dictate of
time adventure which bears, in the original, civilization, the conquerors should be feeding
the following descriptive title: "Les aven the people they have disinherited. In making
tures du Capitaine Magon, ou une exploration its contribution to these victims, America finds
phénicienne mille ans avant l'ère chrétienne. itself paying tribute to ruthlessness. It has to
In its classical dress, under the title, “Pericla be done and it must be done, but it is not to
Navarchi Magonis," the work forms the first be expected that America should forego its
volume of a courageously projected series, intelligence and not set the blame where it has
“Mount Hope Classics,” issued, says Mr. been so devilishly earned. There are repro-
Prentice, primarily for his own children, but duced photographs to support the text, but it
very gladly furnished by him to such pur- needs no support. As we read we know that
chasers as may take an interest in his laudable the fact is worse than the tale itself, and we
and by no means lucrative enterprise. The bow our heads in shame at man's inhumanity
Latin is not exactly Ciceronian, but none the to man.
less serviceable for that reason, and perhaps
Considerably more than his own
An Englishman's
even more readily intelligible; certainly it is
fair share of unusual and some-
not difficult, and the sensation of finding one-
times exciting experiences seems
self actually drawn along, page after page, by to have fallen to the lot of Mr. Stanley Coxon,
the interest of the narrative will be novel to
author of an anecdotal autobiography entitled
more than one who, in his time, has been “And That Reminds Me" (Lane), which
moved to sighs and groans by the elegant shows us the writer encircling the globe eight
Tully's formidable periods. Captain Mago's times in sailing ships, continuing his mari-
stirring adventures fill more than three hun time activities under the swifter propulsion
dred octavo pages, and are followed by twenty of steam, entering the government service as
pages of author's and translator's notes, which assistant district superintendent of police in
need not, however, halt the progress of the Burma, where he helped to make a success of
reader enraptured with the brisk movement of Prince Albert Victor's visit to that part of
the tale. A natural query will be prompted by the British Empire, then returning home on
the announcement on the title-page: "Opus sick furlough, next appointed to various posi-
Francice scripsit Leo Cahun, in Anglicum tions in India, and finally invalided from the
vertit Helena E. Frewer, Latine interpretatus service and left with sufficient leisure on his
est Arcadius Avellanus." Is the present ver hands to write (with no thought of publica-
sion based on the English translation? If so, tion, he assures us) the present story of his
why! Surely there is no apparent reason for eventful life. Between times he has found it
so circuitous a proceeding. Mr. Prentice's possible to engage in divers sorts of perilous
address is 37 Wall Street, New York.
undertakings and adventures, including matri-
mony, and it is his partner in the last-named
For the time being, Mr. Reginald desperate deed who has persuaded him to
Belgium by Wright Kauffman has aban- | make full confession of his dubious doings -
an eyewitness.
doned fiction, finding in the situ we borrow his own playful style without as-
ation of affairs in Belgium matter stranger suming responsibility for any false inferences
than any novelist would dare venture to de therefrom — in order that she at least may
pict. "In a Moment of Time" (Moffat) is a have some adequate knowledge of his “awful
plea for a people outraged, dispossessed, and past." Our thanks therefore are due pri-
slaughtered by the wickedest war waged in marily to Mrs. Coxon, and secondarily to the
historic time. The author dedicates the profits author, for what, in the frankly colloquial
from his book to funds for the amelioration idiom of the book, may truthfully be called a
(so far as irremediable wrongs can be bet- rattling good story. Two score illustrations,
tered) of the situation he found there. This and an additional one to make us acquainted
situation is described in such details as will with the writer's outward form and feature,
bear printing, with suggestions of horror sur embellish this diverting volume.
passing the power of the pen looming ghastly
in the background. Mr. Kauffman sums up his
To the works upon the social
Life in
plea in a few vivid words: “Charity has no
history of our forebears, repre-
nationality and knows none. It is not a prod-
sented by such books as those of
uct of justice; it is justice. To stand with Edward Eggleston, John Fiske, Alice Morse
folded hands and watch another nation starve: Earle, Sydney George Fisher, and others, a
that is not neutrality; it is the last refinement volume of great charm has been added by
of enmity. The duty of America, we have been Dr. Gaillard Hunt, Chief of the Division of
told, is to be neutral; then the duty of America Manuscripts in the Library of Congress, in the
A plea for
America a
century ago.


350
[ April 29
THE DIAL
-
book entitled “Life in America One Hundred
NOTES.
Years Ago” (Harper). In his preface, Dr.
“Jaffery," Mr. William Locke's forthcoming
Hunt sadly contrasts the origin of his book,-
novel, will be published by the John Lane Co. early
a suggestion of the Committee of One Hun in June.
dred to celebrate at the City of Washington
European Rulers: Their Modern Significance,"
one hundred years of peace between Great by Mr. Arthur E. Bestor, is announced by Messrs.
Britain and the United States, and the war Crowell.
now raging in Europe. The volume opens with English Ancestral Homes of Noted Americans”
the story of the Peace of which the news came by Mrs. Anne Hollingsworth Wharton is promised
to Washington in 1815. The country and its for early issue by Messrs. Lippincott.
inhabitants, their ways and habits (viewed
The new volume by President Hadley of Yale on
both from their own standpoint and through “Undercurrents in American Politics” will be
the eyes of foreign visitors), slavery, travel, issued by the Yale University Press next month.
dress, women, the theatre, music, religion, edu “ Standardizing the Dollar," a statement of plans
cation, crime, poverty, medicine, cooking, by Professor Irving Fisher for combating the rise
these and similar topics Dr. Hunt, with ever in the cost of living, is announced by Messrs. Mac-
delicate touch, passes in review. At the close,
millan.
he turns to the political organization and to Among the season's novels announced by Messrs.
the problems which confronted the still young Lippincott is Mr. Maurice Hewlett's “The Little
experiment of a democratic-republican federal Iliad,” the story of a modern Helen worthy of her
famous namesake.
state. The book is well illustrated, and is
blessed with an index and a bibliography - in
For the five hundredth anniversary, next July,
the latter of which, however, the proof-reading of the death of John Huss, Dr. David Schaff has
has left something to be desired. Throughout prepared a comprehensive and readable biography
has left something to be desired. Throughout of the reformer. Messrs. Scribner will publish the
the body of the work the personal element is
volume.
large, and is accompanied with frequent reve-
Mr. Richard Le Gallienne has a new volume in
lations of the quiet humor of the author.
press entitled “ Vanishing Roads and other Essays."
Many social historians write con amore, but
The "other essays " include “ The Passing of Mrs.
with little critical skill; the careful historians, Grundy," " The Persecutions of Beauty," and "The
alas, are often dull. It is Dr. Hunt's privilege Snows of Yester-year.”
to write both as a scholar and as one to the “ Panama and Other Poems " is the title of Mr.
manner born.
Stephen Phillips's latest collection of verse, which
The great variety and surpassing
is soon to appear. Mr. Alfred Noyes has also
Our picturesque
beauty of the natural scenery
nearly ready a volume entitled "A Salute from the
Western gateway.
Fleet and Other Poems."
about San Francisco are por-
trayed by a true nature-lover's pen in Mr.
The narrative of an English nursing sister in
W. E. Hutchinson's "By-ways around San
Belgium and Russia, entitled “ Field Hospital and
Francisco Bay" (Abingdon Press). In this
Flying Column," is announced by Messrs. Putnam.
The author is Miss Violetta Thurstan, who wrote at
new land with its beautiful bay of a thousand
the Russian front while recovering from a wound.
moods, framed in sunlit hills of the Berkeley
An historical and critical account of “ The Art of
shore and distant Marin, dominated by the
E. H. Sothern " by Mr. William Winter is one of
purpling slopes of Mount Tamalpais, and ever
the features of the May “ Century Magazine.” It
and anon wreathed in tumbling billows of fog, appears coincident with Mr. Sothern's announce-
our author has caught his inspiration; and in ment of his intention of retiring from the stage at
a few graceful lines he guides the spirit, rather the end of next season.
than the feet, to the secrets of hill and valley, The four additional volumes which are to be
of field and forest, of brookside and ocean added immediately to Messrs. Doran's “Art and
shore. Mr. Hutchinson knows the land he Craft of Letters " series are “The Ballad," by Mr.
loves, and he gives us a glimpse of the joys he Frederick Sidgwick; “The Essay," by Mr. Orlo
has found in exploring afoot and afield with Williams;. “ Criticism,” by Mr. P. P. Howe; and
“Parody," by Mr. Christopher Stone.
rod and camera in the great out-of-doors which
lies about the Golden Gate. Quaint bits of old
A new complete English edition of Charles Dick-
Chinatown, the lateen sails of Fisherman's
ens's works will soon appear with the imprint of
Wharf where swarthy Neapolitans foregather last revised by the author and the illustrations rep-
Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. The text is that
and where Robert Louis Stevenson was wont
resent some of the finest examples of the work of
to seek inspiration,- these and other gleams Tenniel, Landseer, Stone, and Cruikshank.
of local color are touched upon lightly but
An anthology of patriotic prose selected by Mr.
revealingly by the author. Lovers of nature
Frederick Page will soon appear from the Oxford
will find this booklet a choice introduction to
University Press. The contents are taken mainly
the picturesque about San Francisco.
from English literature, though a few translations
-
.


1915]
351
THE DIAL
have been admitted from writers as diverse as issue a dictionary of Slavic biography along the
Plato, Swedenborg, and Cardinal Mercier.
lines of the Dictionary of National Biography, as
Miss Lillian D. Wald, the founder and head of well as a Slavic encyclopædia in twelve volumes.
the Henry Street Settlement in New York city, has A two-volume work on “Napoleon in Exile at St.
written an account of her work among Americans Helena (1815-1821)," by Mr. Norwood Young, is
in the making which is now being published serially promised for May issue by the John C. Winston Co.
in the “Atlantic Monthly.” In the autumn it will be It is an elaborate account based on careful study of
issued in book form by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. the least-known period of Napoleon's life. The
The “ Welsh Poems and Ballads” of George
same house will also issue Mr. Upton Sinclair's
Borrow are scheduled for early publication by
“ The Cry for Justice," an anthology of the litera-
Messrs. Putnam. Several of the poems included
ture of social protest collected from twenty-five
are from the Borrow MSS. Sketches devoted to languages and covering five thousand years, and
the bards who produced them precede important
Mr. Arthur M. P. Lynch's study of Irish politics,
ballads or groups, and an introduction is furnished
“ Ireland's Vital Hour."
by Mr. Ernest Rhys.
A voluine containing a series of lectures deliv-
Mr. Winston Churchill's new novel, “A Far
ered recently in England on The International
Country," will be published within a few weeks by
Crisis in its Ethical and Psychological Aspects," is
Messrs. Macmillan, who announce for immediate
announced by the Oxford University Press. The
issue also Mr. Arthur Stringer's detective story,
contents comprise “ The Morality of Strife in its
“ The Hand of Peril,” Mr. Jack London's “The
Relation to the War," by Mrs. Henry Sidgwick;
Scarlet Plague,” and Mr. St. John G. Ervine's
Group Instincts," by Professor Gilbert Murray;
“Alice and a Family."
“ International Morality and Schemes to Secure
Mr. Burton E. Stevenson has made a selection
Peace," by Dr. A. C. Bradley; “ The Changing
from his popular anthology “ The Home Book of
Mind of a Nation at War," by Professor L. P.
Jacks;
Verse," published two or three years ago, of all
War and Hatred,” by Professor. G. F.
poems of interest to children, which will now be
Stout; and “Patriotism in a Perfect State," by
Dr. B. Bosanquet.
issued in a volume to be called “Home Book of
Verses for Little Children.” Mr. Willy Pogány
“ The Modern Study of Literature" is discussed
supplies the decorations, and the publishers are
by Dr. Richard Green Moulton, head of the depart-
Messrs. Henry Holt & Co.
ment of general literature in the University of
Forthcoming publications from the press of
Chicago, in a volume to be published by the Uni-
Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. include: “ Social Re-
versity of Chicago Press. Other forthcoming pub-
form," by Mr. W. H. Mallock; “Hermaia,” a
lications from the same press include a volume of
study in comparative æsthetics, by Mr. Colin Mc-
“University of Chicago Sermons," delivered by
Alpin; "The Underlying Principles of Modern
eighteen leading members of the university facul-
Legislation," by Dr. W. Jethro Brown; and “A
ties, covering various phases of religious life and
First Year in Canterbury Settlement,” letters writ-
thought; and “ The Bixby Gospels," edited by Dr.
ten by Samuel Butler, the author of “ Erewhon,"
Edgar J. Goodspeed, Associate Professor of Bibli-
during an early visit to New Zealand.
cal and Patristic Greek in the University of Chi-
cago. The Greek manuscript known as the Bixby
Ben Jonson's “ Tale of a Tub," first printed in
Gospels - belonging to Mr. W. K. Bixby, of St.
the second volume of the 1640 folio of his works,
Louis — was preserved in the convent library of
and not issued separately until 1913, when it was Pantocrator, on Mount Athos. The forthcoming
produced in Germany under the editorship of Dr.
volume will consist of a complete collation of its
Hans Scherer, is to be published in a separate text, and presenting also its most curious feature,
English edition by Messrs. Longmans, with a criti-
five pages of chronological material, mostly from
cal introduction, notes, and glossary by Florence the work of Hippolytus, of Thebes, about A. D. 700,
May Snell, Ph.D., Professor of English Literature
which are prefixed to it.
at Huguenot College, Wellington, South Africa.
“ The Riverside History of the United States,"
an interpretation of the social and economic devel TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
opment of the United States, is in press with the
May, 1915.
Houghton Mifflin Co. There are four volumes, as
African Roots of War. W. E. B. Du Bois
Atlantic
follows: “Beginnings of the American People," Alaska's Government Railroad. J. E. Ballaine Rev. of Revs.
by Professor Carl Lotus Becker; 'Union and America, The Conquest of. Cleveland Moffett McClure
America in the 18th Century. C. H. Sherrill Scribner
Democracy,” by Professor Allen Johnson;
American Fiction. James Stephens
Century
pansion and Conflict,” by Professor William E. American Industries and the War. W. H. Glasson So. Ati.
American Intellectual Life. P. S. Reinsch
No. Amer.
Dodd; and “ The New Nation,” by Professor American-Japanese Situation, The. Garet Garrett Everybody's
Frederic Logan Paxson.
Ballads, Sea, in Kentucky. W. A. Bradley
Harper
Barbarism, Culture, Empire, Union. B. I. Gilman Pop. Sc.
The Slavonic Publishing Co. has projected a Baseball, Organized. Irving E. Sanborn
Everybody's
series of translations in idiomatic English of the
Beauty, Native. Mary E. Merrill
Am. Homes
Belgium, The Invasion of. Charles S. Allen
Mid-West
masterpieces of Slavic literature, with illustrations Botha, Campaigning under. Cyril Campbell
Atlantic
by the masters of Slavic art. The plan has been
Boyen's Military Law. G. S. Ford
Am. Hist. Rev.
British Cabinet, The. A. G. Gardiner
Atlantic
endorsed by leaders of thought in England, Amer Bulldog, The English. T. C. Turner
Am. Homes
ica, and Russia, and the list of tentative titles is
Cables, Transatlantic. P. T. McGrath
Rev. of Revs.
Canada and the War. J. E. Le Rossignol
Mid-West
already large. Later the same publishers hope to Canadian Rockies, In the. Mary L. Jobe
Harper
6 Ex-


352
[April 29
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 170 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
Canadian Transcontinental Railway, The. Duncan
MacPherson
Scribner
Climate, Civilization and. ` Ellsworth Huntington Harper
Commercial Rivalry: 1700-1750. C. M. Andrews Am. Hist. Rev.
Congress, Corridors of. Robert U. Johnson No. Amer.
Conrad. Arthur Symons
Forum
Conversation and the Novelist. w. l. Randeli Forum
Cosmos. Gardner Teall
Am. Homes
Cotton Factorage System, The.' A. H. Stone Am. Hist. Rev.
Credit at Home and Abroad. W. F. Wyman World's Work
Culture and Prejudice. Henry S. Canby
Harper
Czar and His People, The Infanta Eulalia
Century
Earthquake Areas. J. S. Grasty
Pop. Sc.
Elizabethan Showmen, Tricks of. T. S. Graves So. Atl.
Englishman, Diagnosis of the. John Galsworthy No. Amer.
Eugenics and the War. J. Arthur Thompson Pop. Sc.
Europe, Karl Remer
Forum
Far East, New Menace in. Francis Aldridge No. Amer.
Farms and Finance. D. F. Houston
Rev. of Revs.
Federal Trade Commission, The. J. E. Davies World's Work
Federal Trust Legislation. George A. Stephens So. Atl.
Film Drama, The George Bernard Shaw Metropolitan
Fishing Experiences. Willis B. Allen
Scribner
Freshman Knowledge. Charles V. Stansell
Forum
Gamblers, Six Tremendous. E. M. Woolley
McClure
German Fighting-front, On the. Ernest Poole Everybody's
German Hospitals and Prisons. A. J. Beveridge Rev. of Revs.
German vs. English Aggression. A. D. Schrag Mid-West
Germany on the Defensive. F. H. Simonds Rev. of Revs.
Government by Majority. N. I. Stone
Century
Hay, John, Unpublished Letters of
Harper
Henry Street, The House on — III. Lillian B. Wald Atlantic
Heredity, Scientific Men and. J. M. Cattell
Pop. Sc.
Horticulture, Women in Katharine S. Reed Rev. of Revs.
House, The Small. Henry Hurlbett
Am. Homes
Italy's Reasons. Owen Wilson
World's Work
Joffre and the New France. James Middleton World's Work
Labor Disputes, Violence in. Walter Lippmann Metropolitan
Medical “Science," Modern. Helen S. Gray
Forum
Mexico, Sunny Side of. Lincoln Steffens Metropolitan
Misrule, The Lord of. Alfred Noyes
No. Amer.
Mississippi: The Great River. George Marvin World's Work
Moral Progress. F. Stuart Chapin
Pop. Sc.
" Movies," Daring Deeds in the. Cleveland Moffett - American
Municipal Court, A Modern. D. A. Baer
Century
Nature and the Psalmist. W. P. Eaton
Harper
Neutralization of the Sea. “Norman Angell'
No. Amer.
Neuve Chapelle, Battle of. E. A. Bartlett Metropolitan
Neuve Chapelle, Battle of. J. S. Auerbach
No. Amer.
Noyes, Alfred, Poetry of. John 0. Beaty
So. Atl.
Panama Canal, Building the — III. G. W. Goethals Scribner
Parenthood. Mary Ware Dennett
Century
Paris in Wartime. Edith Wharton
Scribner
Patriotism, The Higher. J. G. Hibben
No. Amer.
Peabody Educational Fund, The. E. W. Knight So. Atl.
Peace, The Ideal of. S. B. Gass
Mid-West
Peace Advocate, The. Roland Hugins
So. Atl.
Peace the Aristocrat. Albert J. Nock
Atlantic
Perret, Frank A. French Strother
World's Work
Pewter, American. Robert L. Ames
Am. Homes
Play Attitude, The. E. L. Talbert
Pop. Sc.
Poetry, The New. Horace Holley
Forum
Poland's Story. Judson C. Welliver
Century
Pork Barrel Pensions. Burton J. Hendrick World's Work
Prisons of Freedom. F. M. White
World's Work
Prohibition in Canada. J. P. Gerrie
Rev. of Revs.
Religious Education. Harriet L. Bradley
Forum
Revivalism, Mechanics of. J. H. Odell
Atlantic
Russia, The New. Charles Johnston
Rev. of Revs.
Samplers. Walter F. White
Am. Homes
San Diego, The Fair at. Bensel Smythe Rev. of Revs.
Sothern, E. H., The Art of. William Winter Century
Speeding" and Scientific Management. Ida M.
Tarbell
American
Stars, Measuring Heat from. w. w. Coblentz
Pop. Sc.
State Governments, Our Irresponsible. W. D. Hines Atlantic
Sunday, Billy, Back of. John Reed
Metropolitan
Switzerland's National Army. R. M. Johnston
Century
Tahiti, History of III. A. G. Mayer
Pop. Sc.
Turk, My Friend the. H. G. Dwight
Atlantic
Vases from Old Jars. S. Leonard Bastin
Am. Homes
Verlaine, Paul. Arthur Symons
No. Amer.
Verse, Southern, Recent. H. H. Peckham
So. Atl.
Voice and the Actor. Henrietta Crosman
Century
Wages and Salaries. Scott Nearing
Pop. Sc.
War, Colonial Aspects of the. C. D. Allin
Mid-West
War, Diplomatic Background of the. B. E. Schmitt Mid-West
War, Potential Substitute for. Percy MacKaye No. Amer.
War, The: A Way Out. G. Lowes Dickinson Atlantic
War, The British Empire, America and. G. L. Beer Forum
War, The Government and the. George Harvey No. Amer.
War, Women and. Agnes Repplier
Atlantic
War and Drink. James D. Whelpley
Century
Warburg, the Revolutionist. Harold Kellock
Century
Washington Square. Pietra Van Brunt
Forum
Wilderness, In the. Zephine Humphrey
Forum
Yorkshire, Smuggling in. Walter Wood
Harper
Zuloaga, Ignacio. Christian Brinton
Scribner
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.
The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secession-
ist: An Omitted Chapter in the Diplomatic His-
tory of the Southern Confederacy: By Annie
Heloise Abel, Ph.D. Volume I. With portraits,
large 8vo, 394 pages. Cleveland: Arthur H.
Clark Co. $5. net.
Makers of New France. By Charles Dawbarn.
With portraits, 8vo, 246 pages. James Pott &
Co. $2.50 net.
John Shaw Billings: A Memoir. By Fielding H.
Garrison, M.D. Illustrated, large 8vo, 432 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net.
Military Annals of Greece. By William L. Snyder.
In 2 volumes, 12 mo. Richard G. Badger. $3. net.
Germany Since 1740. By George Madison Priest.
With maps, 12mo, 199 pages.
Ginn & Co.
$1.25 net.
Life and Influence of the Rev. Benjamin Randall.
By Frederick L. Wiley. Illustrated, 8vo, 310
pages. American Baptist Publication Society.
$1. net.
The Relation of the State to Historical Work. By
Clarence w. Alvord 12mo, 34 pages. St. Paul:
Minnesota Historical Society. Paper.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Modern Drama: An Essay in Interpretation.
By Ludwig Lewisohn. 12mo, 340 pages. B. W.
Huebsch. $1.50 net.
Mediæval Spanish Allegory. By Chandler Rathfon
Post. With frontispiece, 8vo, 331 pages.
Har-
vard University Press.
Eight O'Clock, and Other Studies. By St. John G.
Eryine. 12mo, 128 pages. Macmillan Co. $1. net
Parsival. By Gerhard Hauptmann; translated from
the German by Oakley Williams. 12mo, 117
pages. Macmillan Co. $1. net.
Elliott Monographs. Edited by Edward C. Arm-
strong Comprising: La Composition de Sa-
lammbo, par F. A. Blossom; Sources and
Structure of Flaubert's Salammbo, by P. B. Fay
and A. Coleman; Flaubert's Literary Develop-
ment, by A. Coleman. Each 8vo. Baltimore:
The Johns Hopkins Press. Paper.
Baldwin Mollhausen: The German Cooper.
Preston Albert Barba, Ph.D. With portrait,
large 8vo, 188 pages. University of Pennsyl-
vania Press. Paper.
The Novels and Ideas of Madame Marcelle Tinayre.
By Benjamin M. Woodbridge. 12mo, 24 pages.
Austin: University of Texas. Paper.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Collected Poems. By A. E. 12mo, 275 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $2. net.
The Man Who Married a Dumb Wife: A Comedy in
Two Acts. By Anatole France; translated from
the French by Curtis Hidden Page. Illustrated,
12mo, 93 pages. John Lane Co. 75 cts. net.
North of Boston. By Robert Frost. 12mo, 137
pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
A Boy's Will. By Robert Frost. 12mo, 63 pages.
Henry Holt & Co. 75 cts. net.
Jocelyn: A_Play and Thirty Verses. By Charles
William Brackett. 12mo, 93 pages. Richard G.
Badger. $1. net.
Battle Poems and Patriotic Verses: A War An-
thology. By George Goodchild. 16mo, 224 pages.
Hearst's International Library Co. $1. net.
The Book of the Serpent. By Katharine Howard.
Second edition; 12mo, 53 pages. Sherman,
French & Co. $1. net.
Sun and Saddle Leather. By Charles Badger Clark,
Jr. With portrait, 12mo, 56 pages. Richard G.
Badger. $1. net.
The Seal of Hellas: A Classical Drama. By Temple
Oliver. 12mo, 80 pages. Sherman, French & Co.
$1. net..
Earth with Her Bars, and Other Poems. By Edith
Dart. 18mo, 64 pages. Longmans, Green & Co.
40 cts. net.
Resurgam: Poems and Lyrics By O. R. Howard
Thomson. 12mo, 36 pages. Philadelphia: Wil-
liam M. Bains.
* Swat the Fly!” A One-act Fantasy. By Eleanor
Gates. 12mo, 31 pages.
New York: Arrow
Publishing Co. 25 cts. net.
By
64
.


1915]
353
THE DIAL
Her Majesty the King: A Romance of the Harem.
By James Jeffrey Roce; illustrated by Oliver
Herford. 12mo, 149 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
$1. net.
The Cocoon: A Rest-cure Comedy. By Ruth Mc-
Enery Stuart. With frontispiece, 12mo, 190 pages.
Hearst's International Library Co. $1. net.
The City of Pleasure: A Fantasia on Modern
Themes. By Arnold Bennett. 12mo, 291 pages.
George H. Doran Co. 50 cts. net.
All for His Country. By J. U. Giesy. With frontis.
piece in color, 12mo, 320 pages. Macaulay Co.
50 cts. net.
Steve of the “ Bar-G” Ranch. By Marion Reid-
Girardot. Illustrated, 12mo, 287 pages. Hearst's
International Library Co. $1. net.
FICTION.
The House of the Misty Star: A Romance of Love
and Youth in Old Japan. By Frances Little
(Fannie Caldwell Macaulay). Illustrated, 12mo,
270 pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
The Keeper of the Door. By Ethel M. Dell. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 590 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.40 net.
A Cloistered Romance. By Florence Olmstead.
12mo, 335 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.25 net.
The Jenter. By Leslie Moore. With_frontispiece in
color, 12mo, 341 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.35 net.
Daybreak: A Story of the Age of Discovery. By
Elizabeth Miller. 12mo, 430 pages.
Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.35 net. ·
The House of the Dead. By Fyodor Dostoevsky;
translated from the Russian by Constance Gar-
nett. 12mo, 284 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Eagle of the Empire. By Cyrus Townsend
Brady. Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 370 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.35 net.
The Competitive Nephew. By Montague Glass.
Illustrated, 12mo, 350 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. $1.20 net.
The Business Adventures of Billy Thomas. By
Elmer E. Ferris. With frontispiece, 12mo, 227
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Snare. By George Vane (Visconde de Sar-
mento). 12mo, 339
pages. John Lane Co.
$1.25 net.
The Boss of the Lazy Y. By Charles Alden Seltzer.
Illustrated, 12mo, 347 pages. A. C. McClurg &
Co. $1.30 net.
The Double Squeeze. By Henry Beach Needham;
with Introduction by Connie Mack. Illustrated,
12mo, 249 pages. Doubleday, Page Co.
$1.25 ret.
Grocer Greatheart: A Tropical Romance. By Ar-
thur Adams. 12mo, 326 pages. John Lane Co.
$1.25 net.
Bred of the Desert: A Horse and a Romance. By
Marcus Horton. With frontispiece, 12mo, 289
pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.30 net.
« Breath of the Jungle.” By James Francis Dwyer.
12mo, 356 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.25 net.
Sun Jim. By Honoré Willsie. Illustrated in color,
etc., 12mo, 369 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.35 net.
Bram of the Five Corners. By Arnold Mulder.
12mo, 366 pages. A, C. McClurg & Co. $1.25 net.
Spray on the Windows. By J. E. Buckrose. 12mo,
320 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
Marriage by Conquest. By Warwick Deeping. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 342 pages. McBride,
Nast & Co. $1.25 net.
The Beloved. By James Oppenheim. 12mo, 268
pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1.25 net.
The Curse of Castle Eagle. By Katharine Tynan.
12mo, 230 pages. Duffield & Co. $1.25 net.
The War Terror: Further Adventures with Craig
Kennedy, Scientific Detective. By Arthur B.
Reeve. With frontispiece, 12mo, 376 pages.
Hearst's International Library Co. $1. net.
The Tunnel. By Bernard Kellerman. 12mo, 322
pages. Macaulay Co. $1.25 net.
The Seas of God. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 384
pages. Hearst's International Library Co.
$1.35 net.
Like unto a Merchant. By Mary Agatha Gray.
12mo, 277 pages. Benziger Brothers. $1.35 net.
Come-on Charley. By Thomas Addison. 12mo, 342
pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.25 net.
The Man Who Forgot. By James Hay, Jr. 12mo,
311 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.25 net.
The Heart of Uncle Terry. By Charles Clark
Munn. Illustrated, 12mo, 480 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25 net.
The Honor of His House. By Andrew Soutar.
12mo, 336 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co.
$1.25 net.
Elbow Lane. By the author of “Altogether Jane."
12mo, 214 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.25 net.
August First. By Mary Raymond Shipman An-
drews and Roy Irving Murray. Illustrated,
12mo, 179 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1. net.
Getting a Wrong Start: A Truthful Autobiography.
12mo, 234 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1. net.
Plerrot: Dog of Belgium. By Walter A. Dyer.
Illustrated, 12mo, 112 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. $1. net.
The Thousand Secrets. By John Selborne, 12mo,
355 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1. net.
In Those Days: The Story of an oid Man. By
Jehudah Steinberg; translated from the Hebrew
by George Jeshurun. - 12mo, 199 pages. Phila-
delphia: Jewish Publication Society of America.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
South of Panama. By Edward Alsworth Ross. Il-
lustrated, 8vo, 396 pages. Century Co. $2.40 net.
An Essay on the Civilizations of India, China, and
Japan. By G. Lowes Dickinson. 16mo, 86 pages.
Doubleday, Page & Co. 60 cts. net.
The Log of a Timber Cruiser. By William Pinkney
Lawson. Illustrated, 8vo, 214 pages. Duffield &
Co. $1.50 net.
An Englishwoman in a Turkish Harem. By Grace
Ellison; with Introduction by Edward G.
Browne, M.A. 12mo, 215 pages. McBride, Nast
& Co. $1.50 net.
The Gentle Ploneers. By R. Habersham Barnwell.
12mo, 363 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.25 net.
The Belglans at Home. By Clive Holland. 16mo,
243 pages. Macmillan Co. 40 cts. net.
SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS.
The Social Problem: A Constructive Analysis. By
Charles A. Ellwood, Ph.D. 12mo, 255 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The City Manager: A New Profession. By Harry
Aubrey Toulmin, Jr. 12mo, 310 pages. D: Apple-
ton & Co. $1.50 net.
The
Field of Social Service. Edited by Philip
Davis. “Welfare Series." Illustrated, 12mo, 436
pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.50 net.
Societal Evolution: A Study of the Evolutionary
Basis of the Science of Society. By Albert Gal-
loway Keller. 12mo, 338 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.50 net.
The Family. By Helen Bosanguet. Large 8vo, 344
pages. Macmillan Co. $2.25 net.
The Monroe Doctrine: National or International?
By William I. Hull, Ph.D. 12mo, 136 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cts. net.
City Life and Its Amelioration. By George Sharp.
12mo, 127 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
Why Crime Does Not Pay. By Sophie Lyons. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 268 pages. 'J. S. Ogilvie Publish-
ing Co. $1. net.
THE GREAT WAR — ITS PROBLEMS, HISTORY,
AND CONSEQUENCES.
America and the New World-state: A Plea for
American Leadership in International Organiza-
tion. By “Norman Angell." 12mo, 305 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
Arms and the Race: The Foundations of Army
Reform. By R. M. Johnston. 16mo, 219 pages.
Century Co. $1. net.
Germany's Isolation: An Exposition of_the Eco-
nomic Causes of the War. By Paul Rohrbach;
translated from the German by Paul H. Phillip-
son, Ph.D.
12mo, 186 pages. A. C. McClurg &
Co. $1. net.
Paris Waits, 1914. By M. E. Clarke. Illustrated,
12mo, 315 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Peace and America. By Hugo Münsterberg.
12mo, 276 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1. net.
Why Europe Is at War. By Frederic R. Coudert
and others. 12mo, 170 pages.
G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1. net.
Germany and England. By Friedrich von Bern-
hardi. With portrait, 12mo, 93 pages. G. W.
Dillingham Co. 50 cts. net.
War's New Weapons. By Baron Hrolf von Dewitz;
with Preface by Hudson Maxim. Illustrated,
12mo, 295 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50 net.
Our Navy and the Next War. By Robert W. Neeser.
12mo, 204 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1. net.
The War Book of the German General Staff. Trans-
lated, with Critical Introduction, by J. H. Mor-
gan, M.A.
12mo, 199 pages. McBride, Nast &
Co. $1. net.
The Holy War: i Made in Germany." By C.
Snouck Hurgronje; with Introduction by Rich-
ard J. H. Gottheil. 12mo, 82 pages. G. P, Put.
nam's Sons. 75 cts. net.


354
[ April 29
THE DIAL
What of To-day? By Father Bernard Vaughan,
S.J. With portrait, 8vo, 392 pages. McBride,
Nast & Co. $2. net.
The Third Great War, 1914-15: Its Relation to
Modern History. By Laurie Magnus, M.A., with
Foreword by George Haven Putnam. 12mo, 194
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net.
Kaiser, Krupp, and Kultur. By Theodore Andrea
Cook. 12mo, 178 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. 75 cts. net.
Friendly Russia. By Denis Garstin; with Intro-
duction by H. G. Wells. 12mo, 248 pages. MC-
Bride, Nast & Co. $1.25 net.
Historical Backgrounds of the Great War: The
War, Its Origins and Warnings. By Frank J.
Adkins. 12mo, 227 pages. McBride, Nast & Co.
$1. net.
The German Army in the War. By A. Hilliard
Atteridge, 16mo, 127 pages. McBride, Nast &
Co. 50 cts. net.
La Guerre Vue d'une Ambulance. Par L'Abbé Félix
Klein. Illustrated, 12mo, 272 pages. Paris:
Armand Colin. Paper.
Supermania. Translated from the French of Ray-
mond Colleye de Weerdt. 12mo, 85 pages.
Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. Paper.
Oxford Pamphlets. New titles: The Leadership of
the World, by F. S. Marvin; All for Germany, by
Dr. Pangloss and M. Candide; German Sea.
power, by Charles Sanford Terry; The Battles
of the Marne and Aisne, by H. W. C. Davis.
Each 12mo. Oxford University Press. Paper.
Les Réfugiés Belges Taxés par les Allemands. Par
H. Anthonis. 12mo, 23 pages. Oxford: B. H.
Blackwell. Paper.
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
What Is Living and What Is Dead of the Philoso-
phy of Hegel. By Benedetto Croce; translated
from the Italian by Douglas Ainslie. 8vo, 217
pages. Macmillan Co. $2. net.
Psychology
and Parenthood. By H. Addington
Bruce. 12mo, 293 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.25 net.
Modern Philosophers and Lectures on Bergson. By
Harald Hoffding; translated by Alfred C. Mason,
M.A. 12mo, 317 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.40 net.
Rnysbroeck. By Evelyn Underhill. “ The Quest
Series." 12mo, 193 pages. Macmillan Co. $1. net.
The Edinburgh Lectures on Mental Science. By T.
Troward 12mo, 130 pages. McBride, Nast &
Co. $1.25 net.
The Doré Lectures. By T. Troward. 12mo, 109
pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $1. net.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
Works of Martin Luther. With Introductions and
Notes. Volume I. 8vo, 412 pages. Philadelphia:
A. J. Holman Co. $2. net.
The New World-religion. By Josiah Strong.
World Series." 12mo, 526 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $1.50 net.
Bible Mystery and Bible Meaning. By T. Troward.
Revised and enlarged edition; 8vo, 323 pages.
McBride, Nast & Co. $1.50 net.
Publicity and Progress: Twentieth Century Meth-
ods in Religious, Educational, and Social Activi-
ties. By Herbert Heebner Smith. 12mo, 228
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1. net.
The Emotions of Jesus. By Robert Law, D.D. 12mo,
155 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. 60 cts. net.
The Life Worth Living; or, The Religion of Christ.
By Herbert_Mortimer Gesner. 12mo, 359 pages.
Richard G. Badger. $1.25 net.
The Quest for Wonder, and Other Philosophical and
Theological Studies. By Lynn Harold Hough.
12mo, 302 pages. The Abingdon Press. $1. net.
Meditations on the Via Crucis. By Selden L. Whit-
comb. With frontispiece, 12mo, 47 pages. Cedar
Rapids: The Torch Press.
Variety in the Prayer Meeting: A Manual for Lead-
ers. By William T. Ward; with Introduction by
William O. Shepard. 12mo, 192 pages. Methodist
Book Concern. 50 cts. net.
Social Messages: The New Sanctification.
Charles W. Barnes. 12mo, 100 pages. Methodist
Book Concern. 50 cts. net.
I Think when I Read That Sweet Story of Old.
Decorated by Harold Speakman. 12mo. The
Abingdon Press. 25 cts. net.
O Love That Wilt not Let Me Go. Decorated by
Harold Speakman. 12mo. The Abingdon Press.
25 cts. net.
Annual Reports of the Federnl Council of the
Churches of Christ in America, 1914. 8vo, 231
pages. New York: National Committee. Paper.
Our widening Thought of God. By Charles Sumner
Nash. 12mo, 20 pages. Paul Elder & Co.
25 cts. net.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Pets for Pleasure and Profit. By A. Hyatt Verrill.
Illustrated, 8vo, 359 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.50 net.
Arnold's Little Brother By Edna A. Brown. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 346 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shep-
ard Co. $1.20 net.
The Land of Delight:. Child Life on a Pony Farm.
By Josephine Scribner Gates. Illustrated, 8vo,
115 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net.
Catcher Craig. By Christy Mathewson. Illustrated,
12mo, 347 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25 net.
The Boy Scouts of Black Eagle Patrol. By Leslie
W. Quirk. Illustrated, 12mo, 308 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1. net.
The Whole Year Round. By Dallas Lore Sharp.
One-volume edition; illustrated, large 8vo, 134
pages. Houghton Miffin Co. $2. net.
Favorite Fairy Tales Retold. By Julia Darrow
Cowles. 16mo, 163 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
75 cts. net.
The Red House Children's Year. By Amanda M.
Douglas. Illustrated, 12mo, 326 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1. net.
The Sleepy-time Story-book. By Ruth 0. Dyer.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 147 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1. net.
When I Was a Boy in Belgium. By Robert Jonck.
heere. Illustrated, 12mo, 153 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. 75 cts. net.
Victors of Peace. By F. J. Gould; with Introduc-
tion by G. P. Gooch, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 114
pages. Harper & Brothers. 75 cts. net.
Bully and Bawly No-Tall (The Jumping Frogs).
By Howard R. Garis. Illustrated in color, 12mo,
207 pages.
R. F. Fenno & Co. 75 cts. net.
Little Blue Bird. By William L. and Irene Finley.
Illustrated, 12mo, 60 pages. Houghton Miffin
Co. 75 cts. net.
Jimmy Kirkland of the Cascade College Team. By
Hugh S. Fullerton. Illustrated, 12mo, 265 pages.
John C. Winston Co. 60 cts. net.
Robert Fulton. By Alice Cary Sutcliffe. " True Sto-
ries of Great Americans." Illustrated, 12mo, 195
pages. Macmillan Co. 50 cts. net.
Miss Pat and Her Sisters. By Pemberton Ginther.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 325 pages. John C.
Winston Co. 35 cts. net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Collected Papers of John Westlake on Public
International Law. Edited by L. Oppenheim,
LL.D. Large 8vo, 705 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $5.50 net.
Ancient Hunters and Their Modern Representatives.
By W. J. Sollas. Second edition; illustrated, 8vo,
591 pages.
Macmillan Co.
The Mysticism of Music. By R. Heber Newton, D.D.
12mo, 78 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cts. net.
The Song: Its Birth, Evolution, and Functions. By
George P. Upton. Illustrated, 12mo, 186 pages.
A. C. McClurg & Co. $1. net.
Baseball: Individual Play and Team Play in Detail.
By W. J. Clarke and Fredrick T. Dawson. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 205 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1. net.
Sewage Purification and Disposal. By G. Bertram
Kershaw. Illustrated, 8vo, 340 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons.
Newark Museum Pamphlets. New titles: The Pot.
tery and Porcelain of New Jersey, Prior to 1876;
The Clay Products of New Jersey at the Present
Time. Each 8vo. Newark: Published by the
Museum. Paper.
The Public Schools and Women in Office Service.
Prepared under the direction of May Allinson,
A.M. Large 8vo, 187 pages. Boston: Women's
Educational and Industrial Union.
The Return. By John Malmesbury Wright. With
portrait, 18mo, 14 pages. Paul Elder & Co.
Hancock's Applied Mechanics for Engineers. Re-
vised and rewritten by N. C. Riggs. 12mo, 441
pages. Macmillan Co. $2.40 net.
The Principles of Fruit-growing. With Applica-
tions to Practice. By L. H. Bailey. Twentieth
edition, revised; illustrated, 12mo, 432 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.75 net.
A B C of Gardening. By Eben E. Rexford. 16mo.
115 pages.
Harper & Brothers. 50 cts. net.
Autumn Notes in Iowa. By Selden Lincoln Whit-
comb. With frontispiece, 12mo, 192 pages.
Cedar Rapids: The Torch Press.
Indoor Games for Awkward Moments. Collected by
Ruth Blakely. Illustrated, 12mo, 163 pages.
Hearst's International Library Co. $1. net.
Roma: Ancient, Subterranean, and Modern Rome
in Word and Picture. By Albert Kuhn, D.D.
Part VIII., 4to. Benziger Brothers. Paper,
35 cts. net.
“ Our
By


THE DIAL
A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
.
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published fortnightly —
every other Thursday except in July and August, in which
THE PRESENT GENERATION.
one issue for each month will appear. TERMS OF SUBSCRIP-
TION, $2. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United Every man of middle age must have looked
States and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents
back to the days of his youth and speculated a
per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by
express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Unless other little on how different things were then; there
wise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current num-
ber. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of
comes a time in the life of everyone when he
subscription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of
realizes that he is no longer young and that the
the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on
application.
present generation is somehow different from
Published by THE HENRY 0. SHEPARD COMPANY,
the generation of his youth. Just what this
632 Sherman Street, Chicago.
difference is, is rarely obvious. It is no more
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. obvious to-day than at other times.
For myself, I am of necessity given to rather
Vol. LVIII. MAY 13, 1915 No. 694 academic studies, and I often join such
thoughts to speculations concerning the turn
CONTENTS.
of the century that rise from a study of En-
THE PRESENT GENERATION. Edward E.
glish Literature. There we have, as has often
Hale
365
been noted, the great age of Elizabeth, a period
CASUAL COMMENT
368
The lost classics of ancient Greece. - The
of freedom, and the great age of Anne, a
short-story harvest of 1914.- The new head period of discipline. The mind naturally runs
of the John Carter Brown Library.- An on to the romantic period, about 1800, where
adjustment of copyright differences.— One
again it was the time of liberty and imagina-
day's activities in a busy reference room.-
A potent poem.- Second-hand knowledge of
tion and ideas; and then says, How about
books.— A definition of great literature.
1900? Was that to be a second period of dis-
COMMUNICATIONS
370 cipline, of correctness, of restraint? Has it
A Spurious Derivation Attributed to 'La
been, is it such?
Salle. J. Seymour Currey.
The Fallacies of “ Peace Insurance.” Richard
Certainly we can hardly expect the regular
Stockton, Jr.
recurrence of expansion and contraction, of
An Ancient Journalistic Jest. Walter Taylor systole and diastole, as my honored old teacher
Field.
Professor Corson used to like to say. Even if
A VETERAN DRAMATIC CRITIC ON FA.
MOUS SHAKESPEAREAN ACTORS.
it were a regular heart beating, or a pendulum
Percy F. Bicknell
: 373 swinging, we should hardly expect that; for
A CRITIC'S CREDO. Herbert Ellsworth Cory . 375 though it might have come regularly in 1600,
A DEFENCE OF SOCIALISM. Alex. Macken 1700, 1800, there has been such disturbance
drick.
377
TWO CANADIAN STATESMEN. Lawrence J.
MEN.
of conditions that we could hardly expect just
Burpee
380
the same ebb and flow, or flow and ebb, coming
THREE BOOKS ON SOUTH AMERICA. P. A. to its point in 1900. Not to mention the great
Martin
Victorian age, which perhaps was no greater
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 383
interruption to the regularity of ideas than the
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS
385
Puritan revolution in the seventeenth century
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
. 386
The poet's California. - Charter making for
or the romantic revival in the eighteenth,
American municipalities.— The future gran there were other new conditions especially
ary of the world.— An iconoclastic study of affecting letters. The utilitarian turn of the
Lowell as a critic.- The pilot of Britain's
Victorian age was certainly making for an age
war destinies.- Old and new religions in
modern India. The story of Belgium's mar-
of restraint, and indeed had made it, only
tyrdom.- A satire and some one-act plays by sooner than one might have expected. No time
Mr. Jones.— Studies in Canadian politics and has been so dead to anything that the Eliza-
education.— A rolling stone that gathered
bethans or the romanticists would recognize as
much moss.
the time about 1880. The period of repression
BRIEFER MENTION.
390
NOTES
391
had come sooner, that was all,– induced prob-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
. 393 ably by the immense increase of the read-
.
.


366
(May 13
THE DIAL
ing and writing public that came about from Student Volunteer Movement was begun; that
the mechanical advances in printing and the is a type, only, of a movement for active relig-
other arts that go to the making of books. ion a hundred-fold greater. It was the indi-
I should say that the older generation — the rect outcome, of course, of earlier influences,
generation which came to maturity about '75, such as the preaching of Moody; but the full
'80, or '85 — showed not restraint but repres-
fruition of Moody's work was slow. The
sion to a considerable degree. It did nothing Northfield Conference, the Student Volun-
in poetry; to write ballades, villanelles, ron teers, the Christian Endeavorers, and many
deaus, rondels, triolets was its highest achieve other forms of awakened Christianity, came in
ment. It did something in prose; but it was the last generation.
the prose of observation and document, the In politics the change is equally marked.
prose of Defoe two hundred years before, but The recollections of any political worker of
generally without his genius. It was pretty middle age, the life of any politician, should
hopeless in religion (here in America, at least), show that much. As I look back to my college
and pretty hopeless in politics. Much may be days, I feel sure that the temptation to the
learned from the attitude of the young. Thou young man to get out into political work was
sands of men now getting on in middle life very slight. I often used to think of it: it
were then in college; they can say whether seemed as if the great causes had all been set-
what was then called “Harvard indifference” tled; civil service reform and the mugwump
was confined to Harvard.
movement were almost the only things. Doubt-
We need not fancy that 1900 was to have less there was far more than I saw in those
been another 1700. It very clearly was not. days, but I believe the main idea is correct.
Whoever looked in 1900 for a modern Pope, a So also with social service. Charles Brace's
modern Addison, a modern Defoe, a modern “The Dangerous Classes of New York" and
Locke, would have been sadly disappointed. Charles Booth's " Labor and Life in East
Rudyard Kipling and Bernard Shaw, Henri London " were early and important books, and
Bergson and William James, John Sargent General Booth's Christian Mission as well as
and Claude Monet, Anatole France and Mau the Five-Points Mission in New York pointed
rice Maeterlinck did not point in that direc a way. But the new era only began with
tion. It may not be clear just whither they Toynbee Hall in 1885 and Hull House in 1889.
did point; but it was not toward Law, as com Social service to-day is a wholly different thing
monly understood. Science and Logic and from the philanthropy of 1880.
Realism had come to their zenith some years This deals chiefly with America alone. I
before.
have not the broad outlook that could include
If we look back to those days thirty or forty the world; but certainly the words Modernism
years ago we who can remember them — we in religion, Socialism in politics, Social Ser-
shall feel instinctively that times were very vice in philanthropy, seem to show much the
different. And the difference will not be the same thing. In one case we can be more exact.
usual difference between youth and middle In France a few years ago they were much
age. It is not that we were then fresh, enthusi- impressed with just this interest of which I
astic, free, and that now we are confined, toned now speak, and a number of inquiries were
down, limited. That is the way one would made as to the difference in the thought of the
expect an older man to look back to the days young men of France in our own day and the
of his youth. But I will wager that with any young men of a generation ago. Of these in-
man who has kept up with the times, the feel- quiries the one published under the name of
ing is just the reverse,— he will feel that in "Agathon was most widely known, and in
those days he was confined and had no chance spite of some adverse criticism its general
to live or think, and that it is in these days tenor may probably be accepted as accurate.
that one is more free to do something.
Agathon looks back to the eighties, and views
Take a few of the movements of the time the generation for which Paul Bourget wrote
that especially concern young men and young his “Psychologie Contemporaine.” There are
women. We might at the very first say that it perhaps among those who read these lines some
is something that such things should now con who remember those brilliant essays when they
cern young women as well as young men; but came out, those remarkable studies of the mas-
take that for granted. It was in 1888 that the ters of modern France Taine, Renan, Bau-
-


1915)
367
THE DIAL
-
delaire. Agathon sees the generation of young in spite of his “ Hospital Sketches ” and
France which came to manhood in the years * London Voluntaries," is certainly romantic
following the war of '70-'71 to have been enough; and Yeats, in spite of his wanderings
materialistic, sceptical, dilettante. Very dif with Oisin and Niamh, in spite of his old
ferent the France of to-day, as Agathon por Celtic romance or his modern magic, keeps
trayed it and as the war found it,- very pretty well in touch with the plain every-day
different in religion, in politics, and in the life life of the modern Irish peasant. And so with
of service.
the others; there are preferences but there is
We cannot be far wrong if we believe that not that sharp distinction between life as we
the new century found the human spirit know it and life as we wish it might be.
straining to get forward rather than holding There is a passage in Scott's “ Waverley"
back, looking out and not in, bent on action that is very typical of its time, almost exactly
rather than doubting as to truth. So much a century ago. Toward the end of the book it
probably would be news to few.
is written of Waverley, left behind on the re-
Farther it might be hard to go. Was 1900 treat from Derby, that “he felt himself enti-
merely looking to a repetition of 1800 or 1600, tled to say firmly, though perhaps with a sigh,
- a repetition coming faster than might have that the romance of his life was ended, and
been anticipated because ideas get about faster that its real history had commenced.”
than they used and so men live faster than But nobody believes in any such sharp con-
they used? Can we take the torch of Shake trast now. The whole idea of modern religion,
speare and Bacon and Spenser, of Wordsworth modern politics, modern social service is that
and Byron and Shelley, and carry it farther! one must go into them with such conviction,
Can we indeed (to drop the figure) even read such enthusiasm, such life that their crudest
Shakespeare and Wordsworth to-day and feel realities fuse into a true romance. In fact,
that they have anything to say to the modern neo-realism and neo-romance are the same
man? Certain men of modern minds would thing; which is the reason why it is so hard to
doubtless say no.
classify (in the old classification) people like
I would not discuss that. I would gladly, Rudyard Kipling and Bernard Shaw.
however, point out one new idea in the pres Of these two typical men I will merely offer
ent course of events which may prove to be a two sayings which (to my mind) provide an
general leaven to the life of our time. I have explanation of the modern movement. Of Kip-
spoken of religion, politics, and social service; ling we have an evidence, not from his own
now there is a word to be said of literature. writing but from that of another, as to what
The literature of the last generation has he was to the rising generation.
offered a curious commingling of the effort to vided phrases for just that desire for discipline
see the environment of the life about us just and devotion.” There is more in “ The New
as it is (which is sometimes called realism) and Machiavelli,” but that expresses what I see in
the effort to realize some other kind of life Kipling,— discipline become devotion, or just
which we instinctively feel is better, which is the other way if you will. That gets the two
sometimes called romance and sometimes ideal things together somehow, liberty and law; it
ism and sometimes other things. Everyone fuses them. Of Bernard Shaw I will merely
will recognize this in the fiction of the last quote a chance expression, but a true one for
thirty years and in the drama. It may be seen all that. “Virtue," says he,“ consists not in
also in poetry. Toward the end of the eighties abstaining from vice, but in not desiring it.”
appeared the work of Henley and of Yeats; I don't know where he says it; but I would
in the nineties were Davidson and Phillips; in trust Dr. Archibald Henderson, from whom I
the first years of our century came John Mase quote it, on more than that.
field and Alfred Noyes. The first thing one I have written so much already that I can-
would say about Henley, Davidson, Masefield not now develop this idea into all its ramifica-
(or at least the first thing that people did say) tions in the life of our time. Perhaps some
is, Here is realism. And of Yeats, Phillips, other time I may be allowed space to do that.
Noyes, we should say, Here is romance. Yet For the moment it must be enough to say that
as soon as we begin to read either set we find the whole strength of the religious movements
that such a ticketing is not of much use. Each of the past generation lies in its emphasis on
one may have his especial leading, but Henley, the power of Christ to-day to bring the human
“He pro-


368
( May 13
THE DIAL
it was.
will into harmony with himself and the pur Simonides of Amorgos, and that later Simon-
poses of God; that the essence of modern poli- | ides, of Ceos, famous for his prize elegy on
tics is that no system and no legislation im-
those who fell at Marathon, and for fifty-five
posed from without can ever make our public other prize compositions; and Pindar, whose
life what it should be, but that reform must be
extant work is but a fragment, and Philetas of
renaissance and come from within, must begin Meleager, and who knows how many more. If
Cos, and Lycophron, and Callimachus, and
with the individual citizen; and that the heart
all these should come into their own with the
of the social movement lies not in a sort of
fall of Constantinople, what a renaissance of
Lady Bountiful helping the poor, but in so Greek literature would forever after be asso:
much fellow-feeling with those who need help ciated with this the four hundred and sixty-
that one realizes that the needs and wants of second year after the taking of that city by
one are needs and wants of all. The aim is the Ottomans! And if the recapture of the
(as it has always been) sincerity: the only place from them should chance to fall on the
way to make men good is to make them long twenty-ninth of this month — for it was on
to be good.
May 29, 1453, that they took possession of the
An old idea, - John Wesley, Francis, Paul capital of the Eastern Empire - what a mem-
orable anniversary celebration that would be!
knew it. If it be not the idea of to-day I wish
EDWARD E. HALE.
THE SHORT-STORY HARVEST OF 1914, so far
as that harvest is garnered within the covers
CASUAL COMMENT.
of eight leading American periodicals, has
been winnowed and sifted by Mr. Edward J.
THE LOST CLASSICS OF ANCIENT GREECE have
for centuries been vaguely and longingly con-
O'Brien, who publishes the results of his self-
jectured to be awaiting disinterment whenever imposed labor in the Boston “Transcript,” in
a form resembling that in which Mr. William
some conquering army of Christian Europe
should recover Constantine's capital from the Stanley Braithwaite has for some years been
Moslem Turk. Hence the hopes of the learned
wont to present his findings in respect to the
annual crop of magazine verse. Six hundred
world, perhaps even including the Teutonic
and one short stories were read by Mr. O'Brien,
world, in these days of reported naval and
military activity in and about the Dardanelles who pronounces 229 of them to be possessed
of "distinction," and 86 marked by “very
and the Bosphorus. If at last the treasures of
literature now supposed to be lurking in sun-
high distinction.” Among those writers who
dry crypts and lofts and mosque libraries of
have produced the best work in this depart-
Constantinople shall be brought to light, what
ment, according to Mr. O'Brien, are especially
to be noted Mrs. Katharine Fullerton Gerould,
may they not include? Even some of the best-
known names in Greek poetry and drama are
Mr. Joseph Conrad, Mr. Melville Davisson
at present represented by but a small portion Post, Mr. H. G. Dwight, Mr. James Hopper,
of the writings believed to have come from
Miss Elsie Singmaster, Mr. Francis Buzzell,
their respective authors' pens. Æschylus,
Mr. John Luther Long, Mr. Conrad Richter,
Mrs. Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, Mr. Gouver-
known to us through seven cherished tragedies,
neur Morris, Mr. Calvin Johnston, Mr. Armis-
is said to have written ten times that number;
Sophocles likewise survives in seven of his
tead C. Gordon, Miss Mary Synon, Mrs. Edith
Wharton, and Mr. John Galsworthy; and
tragedies, while one hundred and thirty are
in his opinion the five best short stories of
ascribed to him; and though the less-esteemed
the year were, in the order of their merit,
Euripides has come down to us in a score (less
Brothers of No Kin," by Mr. Richter (in
two) of his dramatic pieces, he exhibited plays
“The Forum ”), “Addie Erb and Her Girl
for thirty-three years after first winning the Lottie,” by Mr. Buzzell (in “The Century"),
grand prize in 441 B. C., and must have left
"A Simple Tale," by Mr. Galsworthy, “The
behind him when he died in 406, at the age of
Bravest Son," by Mary Synon, and "The Tri-
seventy-five, a great many more than the
umph of Night," by Mrs. Wharton (the three
eighteen extant tragedies bearing his name. last-named in “Scribner's Magazine"). Mr.
Of other famous Greeks, known to the modern O'Brien's deductions and judgments are of
world by few of their works or by none at all, | undoubted interest; yet it is nevertheless
and thought to be awaiting a possible resurrec- probable that if ninety-nine other persons of
tion when the day of doom shall dawn on the equal critical capability were to present ap-
Turkish capital, there are, for example, Archi- | praisals, based upon the same data, of the best
lochus of Paros, Hipponax of Ephesus, Ana short stories of the year, no two lists among
creon and Sappho and Alcæus, Stersichorus, the hundred would be found to correspond.


1915)
369
THE DIAL
€6
One is reminded of Mr. Bernard Shaw's rejec ican author, playwright, composer, or artist
tion of a check for one thousand dollars sent shall enjoy the protection of British copyright
him as first prize in a short-story contest con equally with all such work of British origin.
ducted by “ Collier's Weekly” a few years ago. Thus the public performance of an American
“How do you know that mine was the best play in England will make its copyright there
story received ? ” wrote Mr. Shaw to the editor; secure, without the publication heretofore re-
'you are not Posterity!”
quired for copyright purposes. Musical com-
positions and art works will profit in like
THE NEW HEAD OF THE JOHN CARTER BROWN manner. All this should remind us, to our
LIBRARY, in succession to Mr. George Parker shame, that England has always been more
Winship, who goes to Harvard as librarian of liberal toward American authors in respect to
the Harry Elkins Widener collection, is an copyright privileges than America has been
nounced to be Mr. Champlin Burrage, of the toward English authors. Our absurd laws
same stock as the Boston Burrages, though his
still require an English author seeking Amer-
present position as librarian of Manchester ican copyright, to print his book in this coun-
College, Oxford, may beget the erroneous in try from type set up or plates made in the
ference that he is an Englishman. Portland,
United States, whereas England only asks for
Maine, is his birthplace, Brown University his simultaneous publication in the two countries,
alma mater, and he is still on what may be
with no silly specifications in regard to print-
called the upward slope of life, having been
ing. In the realm of letters all things that
graduated from college as late as 1896. Two savor of international jealousy or suspicion or
years of German university study, chiefly at
unfriendliness are absurdly and lamentably
Berlin, followed his graduation, and he has
out of place.
made a specialty of church history, particu-
larly the history of the non-conformist move-
ONE DAY'S ACTIVITIES IN A BUSY REFERENCE
ment in England, unearthing some important ROOM are too numerous and varied, and under
documents about Robert Browne, founder of
too little supervision or control, to admit of
the Brownist sect, which later became known
anything like accurate record. Who can tell
as that of the Independents or Congregation-
how many hundred different topics may be the
alists. Also new sources of knowledge relating
subject of more or less thorough research at
to John Robinson, pastor of the Pilgrims in any one time, through the thousand or more
Holland, have been laid open by Mr. Burrage, general works of reference freely accessible to
who has published “ The New Covenant Idea," all comers in such public libraries as those of
“New Facts concerning Rev. John Robinson,"
New York, Chicago, Cleveland, Boston, and
and The Early English Dissenters in the St. Louis? Within the working hours of one
Light of Recent Research.” He has taken the
such literary laboratory, that at Brooklyn, the
degree of bachelor of letters at Oxford, which
following subjects are a few that came to the
has stood sponsor for his more important his attention of the staff,” as we learn from Mr.
torical publications and has, through Profes-
Calvin W. Foss, the reference librarian in
sor Firth and others, expressed its sense of his charge of the department: “Assaying of dia-
ability in research. A collector, for himself monds; lubricating oils; Platt Amendment to
and others, and a bibliophile, as well as a stu-
Act concerning Relations of United States
dent and writer, he comes to his new duties at
with Cuba; criticisms of the writings of Seu-
Providence with ample equipment and every
mas MacManus; Norman influence on English
promise of success in continuing the useful.
literature; Franco-Spanish Treaty (1912)
ness and the high repute of the famous his-
concerning Morocco; civil status of Ceuta,
torical library to which he is called.
Morocco; Tissot paintings of Life of Christ;
New York laws respecting Morgues; foot and
AN ADJUSTMENT OF COPYRIGHT DIFFERENCES
mouth disease; follicular mange; color pho-
between this country and England, as indeed tography; laws governing charitable institu-
between all the civilized nations of the earth, is tions of New York City; finger-ring design;
one of the things to be hoped for and striven Japanese embroidery; steam engineering;
for in that better future to which mankind is comparative value of clay lands in different
ever looking eagerly forward. A recent step states, and market prices of the clays; archi-
in the right direction has been taken by the tecture and furnishings of colonial dining
British government in the issuance of an rooms." When it is borne in mind that on the
“ order in council” — not of a warlike com following day as many more entirely different
plexion, but eminently pacificatory — decree topics probably demanded investigation, and
ing that henceforth the unpublished literary, on the day after that still another list, and so
dramatic, musical, or artistic work of an Amer on for year after year, though with considera-


370
( May 13
THE DIAL
ble duplication of research in the long run, the Smollett, of Goldsmith and Pope, directly to
practical usefulness of this part of a library's Mr. Copeland rather than to their readings in
equipment becomes apparent. We need this history or literature of that age.” Might it not
reminder occasionally, in view of the unde have been more complimentary to Professor
niable expense of this equipment.
Copeland, and also nearer the truth, to say
that many Harvard men owe their knowledge
A POTENT POEM, the potency of which has of the authors named to their readings in those
shown itself in causing the withdrawal of authors, prompted by their teacher, even more
Professor Kuno Meyer's candidacy for the ex-
than to his personal instruction? Contact
change professorship at Harvard next season, with a born educator does not convert the
has enjoyed an unexpectedly wide publicity pupil into a sponge; he is rather fired with
after its recent initial appearance in “The zeal for more positive intellectual activity than
Harvard Advocate.” Awarded by Dean Briggs is implied in mere absorption. The assimila-
and Professor Bliss Perry the prize offered by
tion of knowledge, like the assimilation of
this student publication for the best poem on
food, calls for a considerable amount of reac-
the European war, this piece of verse, from the
tive energy
pen of Mr. C. Huntington Jacobs, of the junior
class, takes its place beside Hoffmann von A DEFINITION OF GREAT LITERATURE, from Mr.
Fallersleben's Deutschland, Deutschland | Howells's pen, has gained considerable cur-
über Alles” as a generator of strife. It is rency of late, and its pithy brevity makes it
entitled “Gott mit Uns, and is doubtless worth committing to memory. It was after
familiar to most readers by this time. That commending the unstudied effectiveness of
Euterpe or Polyhymnia or any other of the Grant's style in his “ Personal Memoirs" that
Muses should thus become involved with Mars he enunciated, in explanation of the book's
in a quarrel so abhorrent, as one would sup- recognized claim to greatness, the truth that
pose, to the Pierian Nine, must excite regret. great literature is nothing more nor less than
The present incident, which has elicited an the clear expression of minds that have some-
impassioned protest from our distinguished thing great in them, whether religion, or
visitor, may perhaps serve a useful end in illus-beauty, or deep experience." This helps to
trating how trivial a matter will evoke the explain why, as Leslie Stephen was wont to
most vehement demonstrations of wrath when affirm, the best biography is that which ap-
the atmosphere is tense with such bitter ani- proaches the nearest to autobiography: and it
mosities as those of the present time. We are
was with some such truth in mind that Edward
living in a powder magazine, and must be Rowland Sill used to declare the only thing a
careful with our matches.
man was really competent to write about was
himself. Hence, too, as has been more than
SECOND-HAND KNOWLEDGE OF BOOKS is very
once pointed out, the truly great novel is, in
decidedly abundant, as compared with direct essentials, autobiographical, though it is by no
acquaintance. The hardest work in the world means necessary that it should be written in
is to think independently; therefore mankind the first person, and it does not at all follow
in general is glad to be told what it ought to
that every work of fiction presented as auto-
think about the great masters of literature, biography is possessed of greatness.
Those
and what book-titles and other scraps of lit-
novelists who hope to impart an otherwise un-
erary information it ought to have at its
attainable virtue to their productions by mak-
tongue's end. Addison and Johnson, Mon-
ing them autobiographic in form, but not in
taigne and Voltaire, Schiller and Goethe, substance, may deceive themselves, though
Homer and Dante and even Shakespeare, are
they will never deceive a discerning reader.
little more than names to many persons who
have the reputation of being well-read and
COMMUNICATIONS.
perhaps actually think themselves to be so.
This vague half-knowledge, or one-tenth A SPURIOUS DERIVATION ATTRIBUTED
knowledge, however, is rarely made the object
TO LA SALLE.
of deliberate commendation on the part of
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
anyone whose opinion is of value. Yet some
A story was set afloat some years ago concerning
such praise seems to be bestowed by “ The Bul-
the derivation of the name of Chicago, which in the
letin of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and
first instance was intended without doubt as a
humorous sally by its originator. But as in at
Sciences” when in a recent well-deserved trib-
least two instances, it has deceived recent writers,
ute to Professor Copeland of Harvard it says: who seem to have regarded it as authentic, it would
“Many Harvard men owe their knowledge of
appear to be necessary to examine the matter
eighteenth-century English, of Fielding and seriously.


1915)
371
THE DIAL
In Edwin 0. Gale's “Reminiscences of Early based on knowledge that neither La Salle nor any
Chicago," published in 1902, there was printed of his contemporaries possessed, for such knowl-
what purported to be a letter by the explorer La edge has been arrived at only by means of investi-
Salle, said to have been written in 1682 from the gations into glacial action by scientific men within
present site of Chicago, " to a friend in France." the last two generations. In regard to the sounding
În this letter (as printed) La Salle describes the phrase that “this will be the gate of empire, this
river, flowing into the lake with a feeble current, the seat of commerce,” it is impossible to believe
“ which occupies the course that formerly the that La Salle ever used the language quoted, as it
waters of these great lakes took as they flowed is foreign to his own style and that of other writers
southward to the Mississippi river." La Salle is of the time.
made to say in this letter that “the boundless Ingenious derivations of place names have been
regions of the West must send their products to the a favorite sort of humor in times past, mostly con-
East through this point. This will be the gate of fined to newspaper paragraphs; and persons hav-
empire, this the seat of commerce," a truly ing a taste for fantastic notions of the kind, often
remarkable prediction if he ever wrote it as alleged. said by their inventors to be derived from tales of
“If I were to give this place a name," he continues, trappers or Indians, find immense enjoyment in
“I would derive it from the nature of the place and their repetition. But this is probably the first
the nature of the man who will occupy this place instance where it has become necessary to enter a
ago, I act; circum, all around; Circago." Gale solemn refutation of nonsense of this character.
comments as follows on this extraordinary deri However, if jokes must be labelled, let it be done in
vation: “ The recollections of this statement, this case; or, better still, let such trifling be excluded
imparted to an Indian chief, remained but indis from text-books and manuals having a serious pur-
tinctly, and when the Americans who built Fort
pose in view.
J. SEYMOUR CURREY.
Dearborn came to these wilds they heard what they Evanston, Ill., May 4, 1915.
thought to be the legendary name of the place and
pronounced it as did the Indians, Che-ca-go, instead THE FALLACIES OF “PEACE INSURANCE."
of Circago as La Salle had named it."
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Gale was an inveterate joker, as anyone will read Permit me to call your attention to some errors
ily perceive who reads his book; but his recollec in your review of my book, “ Peace Insurance,” in
tions have a real value to the historical student your issue of April 15.
notwithstanding the author's humorous proclivities, You state that
my
volume offers no explanation
for he came at a very early time, having arrived as to why Europe, which has long carried very
with his parents at Chicago in 1835. Now this heavy insurance of this sort [armament], has now
so-called letter of La Salle's was given a place in so destructive a war upon its hands." While it is
Gale's book apparently for a humorous purpose true that I did not attempt to cover the intricate
and nothing else. It is a surprising fact, however, and controversial causes of the war, I did explain
that the letter has been taken quite seriously by the causes in general in some detail. Permit me to
later writers. In a volume entitled “ Chicago, Past invite your attention to pages 4 and 5, and to quote
and Present," by S. R. Winchell, published in 1906
(four years after the appearance of Gale's book), “ It is thus that military force, insuring against
there is quoted the La Salle letter together with defeat in war, insures against any war at all.
Gale's comments, as if with the author's approval
We insure against loss by fire, theft, burglary, etc.
of its authenticity. Likewise in the “ City Manual
In addition we attempt to prevent loss by fire
of 1914," issued by the Chicago Bureau of Statis-
departments, police departments, etc. These forces, it
tics, the letter is quoted on the reverse of the title-
is needless to say, do not prevent fires, nor crimes, but
they lessen their frequency and afford the BEST
page, occupying the page by itself, apparently with
MEANS OF PROTECTION YET KNOWN. Mili-
the approval of the compiler.
tary force bears the same relation to conflicts between
It is interesting to observe, however, that at least nations."
one writer was not deceived by the letter thus The above is but a summary. In the book it is
appearing for the first time in Gale's book. Mr. substantiated at some length. Your statement that
John F. Steward, in his work entitled “ Lost Mara I offer no explanation is, therefore, incorrect.
mech and Earliest Chicago," published in 1903, It is also stated in your review that the fact
notices the publication of the letter, and remarks: “that the victorious Confederate army at Bull Run
“I do not find anything like this in any of the also consisted of volunteers seems to have escaped
writings of La Salle, and I believe that I have a the
claim that with an army of trained troops, instead
not perish with him." Other writers, however, of a mob of civilians, the North would have gained
have regarded the letter as a joke, which it undoubt a decisive victory and probably ended the war.
edly is and was intended to be, and have made no I hope that you do not always reason so lightly.
references to it whatever.
It may be remarked that when armies meet in bat-
One would have supposed that the general con tle, even with both sides untrained, it is not infre-
tents and style of the letter would have furnished quent for one side or the other to be victorious.
sufficient evidence of its spurious character. The However, when a trained army meets an untrained
description of the region, for example, where the army of equal size, it is seldom that the untrained
course that formerly the waters of these great one wins. It was this fact which did come to my
lakes took as they flowed southward to the Missis- notice, and which caused me to say that a trained
sippi river," is mentioned, could only have been army on the side of the North would have changed
copy of every seratch of La Salle's pen that did the inwriter's notice," -- this being a result of my


372
( May 13
THE DIAL
the result and ended the war. Had the South a
past alone.”
He says that “the militarist
trained army I could not have made such a state finds his warrant in what has been" rather
ment. Furthermore, on page 153 of my book you than in what ought to be. The difference
will find actual comment on the condition of the
between militarist and anti-militarist is simi-
Confederate force. Hence your statement in this
lar to the difference between the bourbon
respect is also incorrect.
Your closing sentences state that the anti-mili-
slaveholder of ante bellum days and the aboli-
tarist sees things as they ought to be and can be,
tionist. To the former, slavery was an estab-
while the militarist sees things as they were in the
lished institution, based on "natural laws,"
past alone.
“Peace Insurance," which had always existed and so always must
while a very proper advantage is taken of the exist; to the latter it was a menace to civiliza-
lessons of the past, two complete chapters are tion that must be wiped out at any cost.
taken up with a study of the present and the EDITOR.
future,— namely, the chapters on “ The Likeli-
hood of War To-day” and “Will War Ever Be
AN ANCIENT JOURNALISTIC JEST.
Abolished?” The fact is that my book does con-
sider things as they are, and as they probably will
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
be according to all natural laws; while the pacifists It has long been the fashion of the Eastern press
confuse these facts with theory and things as they
to make the word Chicago synonymous with pork,
ought to be, but in our time cannot be.
wheat, and wind, and to refuse to admit the possi-
Of course, in my attempt to present the case for bility of culture. I have sometimes wondered how
the so-called military party, I have failed to do it
far this convention is due to the Chicago daily
justice in many respects. In that respect the book newspapers themselves.
is weak, and it contains the errors common to all Recently a serious association of writers, the
such publications. Nevertheless, I have been grati-
Society of Midland Authors, completed its organi-
fied to note that in their adverse criticism, the
zation in this city. Its founders were Messrs.
pacifists, among whom your reviewer must be num Hamlin Garland, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, William
bered, are apparently compelled to evade the mat Allen White, Emerson Hough, and others equally
ters considered, to misstate matters, or to select
prominent, and its roll contains the names of nearly
trivial errors which reflect only on the author and
all the well-known writers in the Middle West. The
in no way on the correctness of his thesis.
morning after the meeting one of our leading dailies
Your attention is invited especially to pages 157.
gave the new society a column with the heading,
and 158 of my book. It is to be hoped that you
“Thrill Spillers Feast and Play: Stuff Selling
will be fair enough to correct your misstatements.
Well." The article began with the ancient jest
RICHARD STOCKTON, JR.,
reclothed in the following form: “Chicago, the
Captain, 2d N. J. Infantry. city of wheat corners and meat trusts, witnessed
Bordentown Military Institute,
another naughty combine when twenty-six authors
Bordentown, N. J., May 3, 1915.
wiggled their fingers at the Sherman anti-trust law
[While we are glad to give space to the
and corraled all of the divine afflatus," etc.
above, we do not consider that it impugns the
Probably an article written in just this vein could
not have appeared in a reputable newspaper of any
validity of our reviewer's statements at any
other American city large enough to form the head-
point. The quoted paragraph can scarcely be
quarters of such an organization. It is not an
regarded as a satisfactory explanation of the isolated case, but has been repeated in one form or
break-down of the author's theory in the case another in the news columns of nearly all of the
of the present war. Nor is the analogy with Chicago dailies when the subject of authorship is
insurance against fire, theft, etc., an accurate approached. I do not refer to the review columns;
one. The function of our police departments they are for the most part admirably managed, and
is to detect and suppress crime; the function
are, on the whole, the equal of any in the country.
of our fire departments is to extinguish con-
It is not to be supposed that the authors them-
flagrations. The function of an armed mili-
selves take these good-natured slaps with great
seriousness. They may smile rather wearily at the
tary force is to fight, and throughout the
antiquity of the jest, and let it pass. But the news-
history of the world those countries with the
papers that assume this attitude toward literature
largest armed forces have always been the are giving color to the laugh that has always been
aggressors in warfare. In the case of the raised in the East against Chicago culture. If the
Civil War, the author imagines that the pos- Chicago dailies are to be regarded as the makers
session of “
an army of trained troops” by the of public opinion, they should take different ground
North would have resulted in a victory at Bull
than this; if they are to be considered as the reflex
Run and thus ended the war. But why did
of public opinion, they should have some regard for
the increasingly large number of citizens who wish
the Southern victory not end the war? And
to see Chicago freed from its ancient stigma.
with an army of trained troops at her com-
There are some who hope that the time is coming
mand, would the South have been any the less when the men and women who write books will not
reluctant to secede from the Union and thus be regarded by our city press as a subject only for
provoke war? Our reviewer does not say that merriment.
WALTER TAYLOR FIELD.
the militarist sees things as they were in the Chicago, April 28, 1915.


1915)
373
THE DIAL
The New Books.
his part, however passionate may be the emo-
tions he is called upon to portray. In Miss
Neilson's acting, he says, “the mind, invaria-
A VETERAN DRAMATIC CRITIC ON FAMOUS
bly and rightly, controlled the feelings.” And
SHAKESPEAREAN ACTORS.*
further, with a grace of diction and a critical
To praise in formal terms at this late date | penetration that will not be lost upon the
a work of Shakespearean scholarship and crit- appreciative reader, he continues :
ical taste and judgment concerning which our “ Miss Neilson's Juliet was a being all truth,
pre-eminent Shakespeare editor and scholar, innocence, ardor, and loveliness, in whose aspect,
the late Dr. Furness, wrote (in commending nevertheless, there was something ominously sug-
its initial volume), “Never before has there gestive of predestination to misery, herself mean-
been, within the same compass, so much truth
while being pathetically unconscious of her doom.
and wisdom uttered concerning the acting and
It was not so much what the actress said and did
as what she was that permeated her performance
interpretation of Shakespeare," would savor
of Juliet with this strange, touching quality, which
strongly of superfluity if not of absurdity. saddened even while it enthralled; it was the per-
Some indication of the contents and main sonality of the woman, not only captivating the
features of the second series of Mr. William senses but powerfully affecting the imagination.
Winter's “Shakespeare on the Stage” will
All that she said and did, however, had been care-
sufficiently introduce the book to those inter-
fully considered. Nothing had been left to chance.
She knew what she intended to do, and she knew
ested in this rich garnering of more than half
how to do it — for which reason the personation
a century's criticism and reflection in the field
was distinct, rounded, cumulative in effect, and
of Shakespearean stage presentation in En free equally from tameness and extravagance. She
gland and America.
had, as all actors of genius have, moments of sud-
As in the opening volume, so in this, six plays den insight and electrical impulse, in which fine
are considered; namely, “Twelfth Night,
“Twelfth Night," things are unpremeditatedly done, but she was,
“Romeo and Juliet,” “As You Like It," intrinsically, an artist, and over all that she said
and did and seemed to be there was a dominance
“King Lear," "The Taming of the Shrew,"
and “ Julius Cæsar.” A brief history of the
of artistic purpose which, without sacrifice of the
glamour of poetry, made the poetic ideal an actual,
play, including some account of its early natural human being.”
presentation, is first given, in each instance,
There is more that one is tempted to quote,
and is followed by descriptions of subsequent exquisite in delicate appreciation and vivid in
memorable performances, these descriptions apt selection of epithet and phrase; but the
becoming more and more vivid and entertain-
ing as the times are reached wherein the
reader's full enjoyment of the book itself must
not be unduly forestalled. Instead, and as an
writer was old enough to have personal knowl.
edge of that whereof he writes. Appraisements amusing illustration of Mr. Winter's other
and comparisons of leading Shakespeare im-
manner, of his command of sarcasm and his
personators fill much of the space, and the ability to voice in no uncertain tones his un-
numerous portraits of these actors and ac-
flattering opinion of an inferior and preten-
tresses in stage costume heighten the effect of tious performance, let us insert a few of his
the author's descriptions. Cold must be the
remarks on a quite different interpretation of
temperament of him who refuses to kindle the same favorite Shakespeare character:
with some reminiscent ardor over these recol-
“... The tragedy was produced, for the pur-
lections of the Shakespearean triumphs of
pose of 'starring' Miss Mather, by Mr. James M.
Edwin Booth and John McCullough and Hill, of Chicago, since deceased, a genial specula-
Henry Irving, of Adelaide Neilson and Mary
tor in popular. amusements,' who believed, with
Anderson and Ada Rehan, with many others, fright the ladies. A lion among ladies,' says the
Bottom, that Tragedy should not be permitted to
some of whom will have entered into the play immortal weaver, ‘is a most dreadful thing. In
going experience of the great majority of Mr. Hill's production, accordingly, the play,–
those who turn Mr. Winter's pages. His warm arranged in six acts, sixteen scenes, and nine
but always intelligent appreciation of good tableaux,- was considerately invested with the
acting shows itself repeatedly, as for instance
accessories of decorum and soothing domesticity.
in his glowing accounts of that masterpiece of
In the scene of the secret marriage of Romeo and
histrionic art, Adelaide Neilson's impersona-
Juliet two monks, moved, apparently, by springs,
tion of Juliet. Here as elsewhere he lays Cell and placed hassocks for the bride and groom
suddenly came out of the wall of Friar Lawrence's
emphasis on the importance of a well-con-
to kneel on, while the service was in progress.
ceived artistic purpose, of a certain detach Juliet's Bed-room,— the time of her nuptials being
ment that forbids the player to lose himself in the middle of July, in a hot country,-was thought-
fully provided with a large fire of brightly blazing
* SHAKESPEARE ON THE STAGE. Second Series. By William
Winter. Illustrated. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co.
logs. On the morning appointed for her wedding


374
( May 13
THE DIAL
a numerous company of young women entered her
The natural tendency of a dramatic critic
chamber, to awaken her with cheerful song, but, of Mr. Winter's age and experience to favor
finding her dead, those accommodating vocalists
the old methods and distrust the new, appears
placidly ranged themselves about the apartment and
by implication here and there, and explicitly
sang an appropriate and moving dirge. Juliet's
Tomb, a huge, gilded structure, shaped like a glove-
in more or less positive utterances scattered
box interiorly illuminated, was exteriorly flooded
through the book, notably in certain passages
with moonlight,' shed from a glaring' lime.' And of his preface like the following:
at the last, as a decent, orderly, becoming close to
“No account has been attempted of the methods
the spectacle of affliction, many friars thronged employed by such eccentric pretenders to origi-
into the graveyard and sang the 'Miserere,' nality as Herr Max Reinhardt, Mr. Granville
seeming to imply that Romeo, when on his way to Barker, and Mr. Gordon Craig. Judgment as to
the Tomb, had heedfully paused at the Abbey and their productions necessarily waits until they have
bespoken ecclesiastical participation in the forth-
been seen and studied. Their methods,- if I can
coming obsequies. To enhance the effect of these
trust what I have read and heard about them,-
imposing novelties Mr. Hill furnished highly-
are, variously, degenerate, contemptible, and silly,
colored scenery that shone like a brass coal-scuttle.
- in fact, an abomination.”
As I viewed the spectacle I thought of an old play
in which the comedian Burton was exceedingly
Mr. Ben Greet's attempt to give us Shake-
droll, acting an ignorant parvenu, who, being asked
speare somewhat in the Elizabethan manner
whether, in the furnishing of his library, he wanted
fails to win the author's applause. In his
to have all the old authors,' exclaims, “ No, not a
opening chapter he takes occasion to say:
damn' one of 'em! All new!'”
“ Mr. Greet is aware, and he has so signified in
In his chapter on “King Lear," the longest print, that the old mode of producing Shake-
and perhaps the most noteworthy in the book, speare's plays can only be reflected to a limited
the author makes clear, incidentally, what his
extent,' -- in which case the reflection is, practi-
cally, barren of educational' value. This mana-
doctrine as elsewhere stated might seem to
ger's actual purpose, as distinguished from his
contradict, that art is not all-powerful on the
pretended one, is commercial, and as such a purpose
stage, that even a great actor's intelligent con is honest it should not be associated with a sophis-
ception of his part may be neutralized more tical and fatuous pretence, which smacks of hum-
or less by peculiarities or defects of tempera- bug. To produce plays as, probably or certainly,
ment. Concerning Edwin Forrest's acting of they were produced three hundred years ago, before
Lear, which the author witnessed many times,
Science had made discoveries and Ingenuity had
he has considerable to say, of which a part is
contrived inventions which Taste has employed to
revolutionize all the old processes of industry and
here given.
art, is only to do badly that which can be done
“ Forrest was never indefinite. In all his acting well; and to do this under the pretence of serving
clarity of design was conspicuous, and strength of the cause of education' is to be disingenuous."
person went hand in hand with strength of pur-
pose.
He knew his intention and he possessed
But may not half a loaf be better than no
absolute control of the means needful for its ful-
bread? Even a partial return from the dis-
filment. He was never weakened by self-distrust.
tracting elaboration of the modern Shake-
He never wavered. Adamantine authority, inflexi spearean performance to something like the
ble repose, explicit intent, directness of execution, austere simplicity of Shakespeare's own time
and physical magnetism were his principal imple may have real value, even “educational”
ments, and he used them freely and finely. His
value, in spite of Mr. Winter's serious doubts.
figure was commanding, his voice copious and reso-
nant. He was a man of prodigious individuality,
Four more volumes, the author announces,
an egotist of the most positive type. The beauties remain to be written in this series, so that it is
of his acting were much upon the surface; the not yet the time to point out any conspicuous
defects of it were largely those of his character. omissions, any over-emphasis upon the old-
In the vigorous maturity of his professional life time stars at the expense of their modern suc-
his King Lear was little more than an exhibition
cessors in the Shakespearean firmament. An
of himself; an exceedingly strong and resolute
man, assuming, not very convincingly, the appear-
occasional foreglimpse of what is to be ex-
ance of being old, and imitating, cleverly but not pected in those volumes is given in the present
pathetically, the condition of madness. In his later one, and the sustained interest of the completed
years he had become much changed. Thought, work may be taken for granted. Announce-
study, observation, experience, and the silent dis ment of half a dozen other prospective works,
cipline of time, had, in a measure, chastened his largely devoted to actors and acting, promises
egotistical spirit and refined his art. Misfortune,
sickness, and suffering had done their work on him, May they reach completion and fall nothing
still further delights to Mr. Winter's readers.
as they do on others. The last time saw him as
King Lear he played the part as it should be
short of this volume in engaging quality,
played, and was like the breaking and then broken refining influence, and intellectual stimulus !
old man that King Lear is."
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
-


1915)
375
THE DIAL
A CRITIC'S CREDO.*
Let the critic remember that “no one knows
For all who have read Mr. W. C. Brownell's
his subject who knows his subject alone" and
few severely and serenely weighed volumes of provide himself with a rich equipment. Since
criticism, and have come to know him as one
literature is a criticism of life, he must know
of America's leading critics, an arbiter who life intimately, and he must have a philosophy
may well challenge comparison with his best of life in order that his “individuality" may
contemporaries in England, it is a pleasure to
"achieve outline." To Mr. Brownell, history
turn to the recent slender volume in which he seems to take first rank among the general
formulates his critical credo. One finds noth departments of knowledge necessary for the
ing disappointing in these pages, with their critic's broader equipment. Æsthetics, too,
characteristic tough-sinewed style, perhaps a
are very valuable, though their field is deemed
little more gnarled than usual but bright with
more restricted than that of history. Let the
carefully distilled epigrams, cunning with literary critic know art, and the critic of art
logic, full of learned words sometimes almost
know letters. Cultivate divine philosophy,
queerly Johnsonian, but striding quite natu but sparingly; "its peculiar peril is pedantry.”
rally in buskins. Criticism itself is much
As examples of critics who have profited
criticized,” says Mr. Brownell, “which logi- this “cognate calling,” Mr. Brownell names
cally establishes its title.” He answers those Sainte-Beuve, Taine, and Scherer, and dis-
who say that "only artists should write about cusses them (as indeed he comes later to
art” by observing that the artist has, in gen-
discuss others) with deep penetration.
eral, a point of view which is either merely “I know nothing of art,” says the Philistine,
“personal and not professional” or conven “but I know what I like.” For retort, let us
tional; in either case it is not likely to receive recall Mr. Vedder's words: “So do the beasts
well the innovations or reactions of another of the field.” Criticism must have a criterion.
artist.
Impressionism may "be strictly defined as
In considering the field and function of appetite”: and though in its great practi-
criticism, Mr. Brownell first classifies "all tioners it "has certainly nothing gross about
artistic accomplishment” into the “moral and it,” it is limited by its habit of giving deci-
material.” The critic needs a less elaborate
sions without reasons and so cannot validate
knowledge of the material (technique) than
"its decisions for the acceptance of others."
the practitioner. Indeed, such knowledge in Impressionism rises, to be sure, from a fine
excess would tempt the critic “to exploit it
sense of tolerance. But since there is no uni-
rather than subordinate it," and thus lose the versal taste, a critic “to be convincing must
perfect poise upon which Arnold insisted appeal to some accepted standard. And the
Hence the impatience of the artist, who often
aim of criticism is conviction.” Yet one must
seeks in criticism “what it is the province of beware of reacting against impressionism in
the studio to provide.” Thus also it comes the manner of Brunetière. His destructive
about that “ artistic innovation meets nowhere work was good. But constructively he could
with such illiberal hostility as it encounters in place against mere personal preference a cri-
its own hierarchy, and less on temperamental terion no better than “the classic canon of
than on technical grounds."
“ The proper
the art of the seventeenth century, an art
judge of the tiller,” moreover, “is not the car august, but forever departed. “Though he
penter but the helmsman.” The material data became a distinguished scholar, Brunetière
are far less significant for the critic than the retained the temperament of schoolmaster
moral. No artist can achieve greatly without (a defect which — may the reviewer interject
the moral attributes. But the artist-critic it?— is equally fatal to a critic and a school-
generally neglects these to gossip about mere master). Let the true arbiter be humbler,
craftsmanship, while the true critic signalizes and learn from impressionism at least this —
these life-giving qualities. * The true objects that even Euclidian proof demands postulates,
of his contemplation are the multifarious ele-
that critical dogmas "rest finally upon in-
ments of truth, beauty, goodness, and their stinct," and that "faith underlies reason.
approximations and antipodes, underlying the Moreover, the postulates of criticism are, un-
various phenomena which express them,
like those of mathematics, "taken for granted
rather than the laws and rules peculiar to
rather than self-evident,” and are often mere
each form of phenomenal expression; which, specious conventions that depend on the
beyond acquiring the familiarity needful for sanction of universal agreement. Hence
adequate appreciation, he may leave to the come the imperious but transitory conventions
professional didacticism of each.”
of romanticism, realism, symbolism, and so
forth, setting fashions importunately only to
* CRITICISM. By W. C. Brownell. New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons.
stand out at last as but vaguely and imper-


376
( May 13
THE DIAL
fectly related to eternal principles. The really elements of artistic expression, is logically
eternal postulates have varied little since the inapplicable at any given time - except as it
days of Aristotle. Let us then call upon the
draws its authority from examples of perma-
impressionist, who advances a new intuition, nent value and enduring appeal, in which case
“to tell us why” — since intuition does not go
no one would think of calling it preconcep-
far without reason. We should ask: “Is your
tion at all.” This does not mean that criticism
feeling the result of direct intuitive percep-
must become ancillary, concerned merely with
tion, or of unconscious subscription to conven-
collecting data for the synthesist. Sainte-
tion” which the reason may winnow away as
Beuve's achievement is larger than Taine's -
quasi-intuition, chaff, prejudice? Impression and “Sainte-Beuve's work is itself markedly
ism unsupported by intuition may well im- synthetic” in its special way, although it
peach the reason, but let it remember that the dwellson material examples and concrete
reason is not to be dethroned. The critic must
ideas rather than on systems and theories.
judge, not merely "testify and record.” With
Such criticism may find unity through a
the bright instrument of the reason he is no
proper consideration of the author under
longer the old-fashioned judge, " the slave of judgment. “For personality is the most
schools,” or the irresponsible impressionist, concrete and consistent entity imaginable,
“the sponsor of whim." Reason alone can mysteriously unifying the most varied and
deal fairly with our great contemporary prob- complicated attributes.”
lem of “realism," and show when “realism" “For beyond denial criticism is itself an art;
becomes unreal, or where the opponent of and, as many of its most successful products have
realism confuses “the ideal with the fantas-
been entitled 'portraits, sustains a closer analogy
tic.” Finally, the rational criterion will serve
at its best with plastic portraiture than with such
pursuits as history and philosophy, which seek sys-
better than all others to determine “the rela-
tem through science. One of Sainte-Beuve's stud-
tion of art and letters to the life that is their
ies is as definitely a portrait as one of Holbein's;
substance and their subject as well."
and on the other hand a portrait by Sargent, for
And a rational criterion implies a construc example, is only more obviously and not more
tive method. In itself, analysis reaches no really, a critical product than are the famous 'por-
conclusion, which is the end and aim of rea traits' that have interpreted to us the generations
son. Here Sainte-Beuve often fell short. We
of the great."
must, as critics, have a thesis quite as much as
But the critic, if wise, will “confine himself
do those works of art which we criticize. Yet to portraiture and eschew the panorama.”
the constructive method tempts readily to ex “ His direct aim is truth even in dealing with
cess, a central conception often leads to the beauty, forgetting which his criticism is menaced
"partisanship of Carlyle, the inelasticity of
with transmutation into the kind of poetry that one
Taine, the prescriptive formulary of Brune-
drops into' rather than attains. . : . The end of
our effort is a true estimate of the data encountered
tière. The spirit of system stifles freedom of
in the search for that beauty which from Plato to
perception and distorts detail.” As we ap-
Keats has been virtually identified with truth, and
proach such criticism, either as readers or as the highest service of criticism is to secure that the
practitioners, we must guard against untrust true and the beautiful, and not the ugly and the
worthiness, yet keep our minds open to the false, may in wider and wider circles of apprecia-
values of its artistry, its insight, its genuine tion be esteemed to be the good.”
instructiveness. The now popular historical Many of Mr. Brownell's dicta — for exam-
method reveals most markedly the excess of ple, that faith underlies reason
" and that
the constructive method. Taine, for instance, * theory means preconception," — tempt his
was not a critic but a philosophical historian. reader to believe that when he speaks of
But if he blurs individual traits he certainly reason,” to which he rightly attaches such a
illumines general perspectives. The rest may
The rest may vast importance, he has the deductive method
be left to pure criticism; for though the his in mind most of the time. As far as the de-
torical method has rendered great constructive ductive method goes, we may well agree that
services, it tends to impose theory on the lit the position of faith is to underlie reason,-
erature and ästhetic facts rather than to reveal to underlie it in the guise of a premise. But
their essential character. Taine spent too when we turn to the inductive method, may
much time on causes, too little on characteris we not come nearer to precision by saying
tics; he was content with explanation, and that since the inductive method never abso-
unfortunately chose not to pass on to estima- lutely exhausts its data, the conclusion (now
tion. The true critic remembers that "theory mingling perforce with some of our rigidly
means preconception,"—preconception which suppressed, nay completely forgotten, intui-
“based as it perforce is upon some former tions) is a kind of faith that comes as a
crystallization of the diverse and undulating climax superimposed upon the honest and
--


1915)
377
THE DIAL
austere practice of rational investigation ! tions, among the greatest and most enduring
Similarly, to the inductive reasoner, theory memories of his century.
need not mean a preconception that will para- Finally, I cannot accept Mr. Brownell's
lyze or even influence one's alertness for new sharp antithesis between the beautiful and
facts and truths. An inductive critic may the ugly, and his assertion that art is con-
well begin with a childlike acceptance of the cerned only with the beautiful. Such gen-
generalizations of his predecessor, examine the eralizations, all too common, close the mind to
collected data, discover new instances (as a many masterpieces, in all the arts, from men
new age always permits him), and come at as far apart in time and place and nation as
the end to his own theory,- a theory which is Rembrandt and Browning and (may I risk
almost sure to modify if not reject the conclu the name in such orthodox company ?) Arnold
sions of the earlier critic. I do not mean to Schoenberg in some of the most impressive
say that Mr. Brownell neglects the inductive parts of the second of his “Drei Klavier-
method. But he appears to turn with the Stuecke," Opus 11.
Stuecke,” Opus 11. I should think, rather,
greater readiness to syllogisms. In seeking of the ugly and the lovely as antipodes, with
for the One amidst the welter of the Many, in the pretty as a debased version of the lovely
his quest for eternal principles, he becomes and the grotesque as a whimsical variation,
rather diffident, and would force too severe altogether admirable, of the ugly. I should
limitations on criticism. You must not be add that the ugly contains often strength or
wanton, he realizes, in urging premises on your firmness, massiveness or even sublimity, some
readers. For this reason he distrusts the old quality or other lacking in the lovely. There-
critic, “the slave of schools"; and so he well fore the ugly often appeals to us, partly be-
may. Yet Mr. Brownell should turn again to cause we see therein qualities which when
the judgment of Dame Nature at the close of wedded with the lovely make that beauty
the great debate for supremacy between Jove which seldom appears in life or art, and even
and Mutabilitie, the awful arbiter of the One then is as evanescent as some fleeting expres-
and the terrible and beautiful titaness who sion on the face of a beloved woman that is
swayed the Many:
remembered long after death or evil chance
“I well consider all that ye have sayd,
has stolen away her whole image,— remem-
And find that all things stedfastnes doe hate bered as a benįgnant siren to lure us on that
And changed be: yet being rightly wayd,
endless quest in which lies the supreme stimu-
They are not changed from their first estate; lus of profound and enduring joy-in-life.
But by their change their being doe dilate:
And turning to themselves at length againe,
HERBERT ELLSWORTH CORY.
Doe worke their owne perfection so by fate:
Then over them Change doth not rule and raigne,
A DEFENCE OF SOCIALISM.*
But they raigne over Change, and doe their states
maintaine.”
In "Socialism as the Sociological Ideal ” we
The critic of to-day may well expect to find
are presented with one more of those visions of
intimations of the One in even the pedantic
a purified society which have in the past served
theories of a Bossu on epic. He should not,
so useful a purpose in stimulating the imagina-
with Coleridge, turn too impatiently from
tion, and in keeping us alive to the vast imper-
these. He will find amidst the chaff of Bossu
fections of the economic structure of the world.
intimations of the One, here and there an
It is at all times good to feel in touch with a
eternal principle, an eternal being in thought
genuinely altruistic spirit, based upon a divine
which has been not destroyed but dilated by
discontent with things as they are, and the
the commingling, for all the strife and quali-
more so when it takes the form of what Mr.
fyings, of many restless and diverse opinions
H. G. Wells calls “the white passion of state-
of later decades. Mr. Brownell is non-com-
craft.” From the lowering atmosphere of the
well-fed man to whom this is the best of all
mittal about the rules. He appears ultimately
to fall back upon the study and estimate of an
possible worlds, or the hardly less depressing
individual as the only intimation of the One
company of the philanthropist whose highest
with which the critic can with absolute safety munity where one half of the people are con-
ideal of society seems to be that of a com-
hope to deal. He warns the critic, for in-
stance, against working with panorama. But
stantly engaged in the endless task of holding
this is just where Taine succeeded. Of indi-
the other half out of the gutter, it is a relief to
viduals he made warped portraits. But his
turn to one who feels the fundamental wrong-
Rubens-like panoramic criticism has a large
ness in the present constitution of society and
element of soundness, as well as of visual
has some arguable remedy to offer. And when,
splendor, that has placed his "History of * SOCIALISM AS THE SOCIOLOGICAL IDEAL. A Broader Basis
for Socialism. By Floyd J. Melvin. New York: Sturgis &
English Literature," for all its preconcep-
Walton Co.


378
( May 13
THE DIAL
as in the book before us, the philosophy of and that justice and not injustice is the natu-
Socialism is expounded in a spirit of sweet ral outcome of free or unregulated effort, when
reasonableness, and without a trace of that undeflected by monopoly or special privilege.
bitterness which mars so much of such writing, There persist the aspiration for more light,
one is the more disposed to lend an attentive and that faith in the constitution of the uni-
ear and to weigh carefully the arguments ad verse, which find expression in the words of
duced. It might hastily be concluded that all Milton, “What in me is dark, illumine; that
that can be said in defence of Socialism has to the height of this great argument I may
long ago been said ; but against this contention assert Eternal Providence and justify the
it must be remembered that recent develop- ways of God to man." It is surely, then, an
ments in the conduct of industry, taking place apposite question to ask and answer, whether
as they do at a constantly accelerating pace, the eternal order of things is such that it
make much that has formerly been written should be necessary for man to suspend the
inapplicable and out-of-date; and that conse operation of natural law, and set up instead
quently a re-statement of the case for a social-
a system of artificial law which shall work out
istic reorganization of industry, in full view results more in conformity with his moral
of present-day phases in the relationship be sense than natural law will yield. When a
tween labor and capital, should be acceptable. physician is diagnosing the case of a patient
It should also be said of this book, as cannot whose blood circulation is weak, whose heart
be affirmed of all such apologies for Socialism, and lungs are functioning irregularly, and all
that it is pervaded through and through by of whose organs are working more or less in-
the higher idealism. It is the liberation of harmoniously with each other, he does not
the human spirit from the fell clutch of cir-
assume this disharmony to be normal but ab-
cumstance that the writer obviously aspires to. normal, and seeks to trace the disorder to one
Socialism is advocated because of the recogni- disturbing cause, believing as he must that
tion that the higher life is conditioned on a in the absence of such a cause there would have
sound physical and economic basis. In the been no occasion for his interference.
author's own words, “Socialism is as wide as
It is, we believe, because of the omission to
man's aspirations. Its aims must be those of make this preliminary inquiry that Dr. Mel-
our common humanity.”
vin has fallen upon certain assumptions that
With this preliminary testimony, given in seem to weaken or invalidate the superstruc-
all sincerity, to the readableness and useful ture of conclusions to which he invites us. The
ness of the book as a provocative of thought, antithesis, for example, between society con-
it remains to be said that it will be found un ceived of as an organism and as an organiza-
convincing by the man whose mind is still tion, is somewhat arbitrary and artificial. Is
open, and in our opinion will seem conclusive
it true, we may ask, that in an organism “all
only to those whose judgments are already significant individuality is denied to the con-
formed in the same direction.
stituent parts”? Notwithstanding that the
In the first place, Dr. Melvin makes the mis- authority of Herbert Spencer may be quoted
take which characterizes the writings of most in support of this postulate, and which indeed
apostles of Socialism,- the mistake of assum Spencer advances only as a modifying con-
ing, what still requires proof, that Socialism sideration to his elaborate argument that so-
is necessary before economic justice can pre- ciety is an organism, we submit that in the
vail in society. The assumption is implicit, light of recent psycho-physiological researches
from beginning to end of the book, that in the the postulate may be questioned, and it may
original structure of human relationships well be doubted whether we are yet on the
there is an inherent wayward tendency for threshold of a true understanding of the na-
things to go awry, and that it is normal or ture of the organic cell. It is always unsafe
natural in an unregulated condition of human to argue from ignorance; and it may be, as
intercourse, or mutual exchange of services, seems now probable, that we cannot deny to
for wealth to distribute itself with no regard the individual cell an incipient consciousness
to fairness and equity. Now this is just the analogous to the imperfect civic consciousness
point as to which many earnest and intelli which is all that can be found in most of the
gent thinkers are still in doubt. There still members of a community. On the other hand,
stubbornly lingers the subconscious suspicion in what the process of organization can differ
that if we understood properly the basic natu from the natural organic process, by which
ral laws which constitute the science of politi- certain cells are specialized and set apart to
cal economy, and conformed our actions to do the thinking and directing, is not apparent.
those laws, we should find that human affairs The opposition then, between the ideas of
have not this perverse tendency to go wrong, organism and organization, on which Dr. Mel.
—


1915)
379
THE DIAL
vin appears to lay considerable weight, seems and capital is only another instance of the
to lead nowhere in particular and to be of tyranny of custom and tradition on our modes
little value as an illuminative concept.
of thought. In the subconscious backgrounds
Out of this distrust of natural processes,
of most open minds there persists the belief
Dr. Melvin has obviously fallen into the as-
that in some discoverable condition of human
sumption that the confessedly artificial system freedom, such as we have never yet realized,
of human relationships which Socialism would this latter kind of competition would be the
set up may be identified with democracy.
natural one. It is this unformulated belief
Democracy is one of those concepts the full that makes humane people defend labor-saving
content of which will probably reveal itself to
machinery, notwithstanding its very disastrous
the human mind only after much experience effects under present conditions in displacing
and many strenuous efforts in the art of liv.
workers and causing destitution.
For we
ing; and it may be doubted whether we are
know instinctively that the invention of ma-
yet within sight of its true significance. None chinery ought to save labor in a true sense, and
of the modern catch-words of liberalism ex-
not in the cruel sense to which we are accus-
haust its deepest and most fundamental mean-
tomed. And it is because we trust our in-
ings. Mere majority-rule can surely never be stincts, and distrust our arguments, that we
mistaken for the last word in democracy!
hesitate to prefer what Dr. Melvin calls “the
That fifty-one per cent should compel the other superstructure of man's purposive creation"
forty-nine into a certain way of living, may
"the basic unpurposive natural order
be expedient at a certain stage in the evolution which seems to ignore the harmonies de-
of society, and be preferable to chaos, as the manded by man.” (The italics are ours.)
more reasonable of the minority may admit;
As to the problem of distribution again,
but it is not democracy. Neither is “ govern-
Dr. Melvin thinks that the ultimate educa-
ment of the people by the people and for the
tional ideal can be set down as nothing less
people a full expression of democracy, so
than to each according to his needs.” But
long as it takes no account of the man who
where shall we find the superman who is wise
wants neither to govern nor to be governed but enough and good enough to determine the
simply to be let alone to earn his own living needs of each member of a community?
and live his own life, subject only to the con-
“Needs” vary indefinitely in proportion to
dition that he does not infringe upon the sim-
faculty. Nature, indeed, seems wisely to have
ilar liberty of others. A socialist organization,
decreed an exact relation between needs and
therefore, that is not voluntary to the last
the capacity for contributing to the communal
and most insignificant unit composing the stock of commodities and services. The man
group is not a democracy, whatever argument
of small capacity for adding to the social
of expediency may be adduced in its favor. wealth has few needs and desires, while the
To the same distrust of nature's methods,
man of large capacity requires large supplies
growing out of a very laudable revulsion from
of leisure, books, scientific instruments, easy
the Darwinian struggle-for-existence theory of chairs, opportunities for travel, companion-
life, we attribute Dr. Melvin's terror of compe- ship, and many other aids to the full develop-
tition, and his identification of it as the mod-
ment of his faculties. Is one not justified in
ern equivalent of exterminative warfare. In suspecting that under the free conditions we
general it may be said that the mind with a
have tried to imagine (to the absence of which
pre-disposition towards Socialism has a rooted are probably due all the evils against which
inability to imagine the current of competi-
Socialism is directed) the apportionment “ to
tion running in an opposite direction from
each according to his needs” would take place
that which it now takes. At present we see
with automatic and unerring accuracy!
laborers competing against each other for the
If it does not savor of hyper-criticism we
permission of the capitalists that they may might remark that Dr. Melvin seems on page
earn their livings; and we note the physical,
17 to cut away the plank on which he rests his
moral, and ästhetic deterioration of character argument for the socialization of industry. In
which results. But what if we conceive of a opposing political individualism he says:
condition of things where capitalists should be “All prohibitive government is an enormity if it
competing with each other for the privilege of is less or more than a mere representation of the
employing labor, and were compelled to offer, natural limitations arising from the mutually con-
higher and still higher remuneration, and bet-
flicting desires of its subjects. The socialist is
ter and still better conditions as to hours and affirming no new or undiscovered principle in op-
protection from danger, as the only means of posing political individualism. Thus the socialist
society as conceived by its advocates seeks to
obtaining workers? That it should be difficult embody only those restrictions on the freedom of
to imagine such a relationship between labor the individual that are naturally inevitable."


380
(May 13
THE DIAL
peace"?
Does this not seem to point to just what Dr. movement, was finally induced to enter the
Melvin repudiates, namely, the restriction of first Dominion cabinet. In 1870 Tupper
governmental function to that of preventing joined the Macdonald ministry as president
aggression of one citizen on another, or what of the council, and in this and succeeding
Huxley described as "administrative nihilism” administrations he filled the important offices
and some profane Spencerian critic called "a
of Minister of Inland Revenue, Minister of
glorified police office for the keeping of the Customs, Minister of Public Works, Minister
of Railways and Canals, and Minister of
We conclude this imperfect review of a Finance. From 1884 to 1887, and again be-
stimulating and suggestive book with the as-
tween 1888 and 1896, he acted as High Com-
surance that those who wish to know the best missioner for Canada in England, and for his
that can be said for a philosophy that has services to the country he was created a bar-
captured the sympathy and enthusiasm of
onet. In 1896, when the Conservative admin-
thousands, will find here what they require. istration had fallen upon evil days, they sent
ALEX. MACKENDRICK. for the old “War Horse of Cumberland," as
he was called, to lead them in the approach-
Two CANADIAN STATESMEN.*
ing general election. In spite of his seventy-
Just half a century ago there met in the city five years, the prospect of one more political
of Quebec a group of statesmen representing battle was irresistible. He immediately re-
the principal colonies of British North Amer signed his high commissionership, came back
ica. They had come together to bring about to Canada as prime minister, and led his party
the union of these colonies. After long de-
After long de- gallantly in what he knew must be a losing
liberation they finally agreed upon the terms, fight. For several years he led the opposition
and drafted a constitution which was ratified in the House of Commons, and finally in 1906,
by each of the colonial legislatures, and finally, at the age of 85, retired from active political
on July 1, 1867, passed by the imperial parlia- life. For over half a century Sir Charles
ment as the British North America Act. The Tupper served his country faithfully. He
men who thus created out of a group of weak
has seen Canada grow from weakness to
and scattered colonies a powerful and ambi- strength; with the possible exception of Sir
tious commonwealth have since been known to John Macdonald, no other man has done more
Canadians as the “Fathers of Confederation."
as a constructive statesman to make the Do-
They are represented to-day by a single sur-
minion what it is to-day.
vivor, the veteran statesman, Sir Charles Apart from the chapters of Sir Charles's
Tupper, who in his ninety-third year has pub- book which deal more particularly with po-
lished a substantial volume of reminiscences, litical events and movements, probably the
throwing a most interesting and valuable light most interesting portion is that which tells the
upon the history of the confederation move story of his visit to the Red River Settlement
ment and the subsequent development of the in 1870 and his interview with the leader of
Dominion.
the Half-Breed Rebellion, Louis Riel. Donald
Sir Charles Tupper first entered public life A. Smith (afterward Lord Strathcona) of the
in 1855, in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Hudson's Bay Company had told him that it
having the assurance not only to run against would be as much as his life was worth to go
the Liberal leader, Joseph Howe, but to defeat to Fort Garry at that time, particularly as
him. He became a member of the Nova Scotia Riel and his followers knew the active part
government the following year, remaining Tupper had taken in bringing about confed-
until 1860. From 1864 to 1867 he was premier eration, to which they assigned all their
of the province. The latter year he was elected troubles. "I told him," says Tupper, “that
a member of the first Dominion parliament, I had promised Sir John A. Macdonald to get
but, although he had been largely instru- into Fort Garry, and that I intended to do
mental in bringing about confederation, he And he did. Riel had seized the horses,
unselfishly stepped aside when John A. Mac wagons, and baggage of Captain Cameron,
donald was forming his first cabinet, to make Tupper's son-in-law, who had been sent to
room for his old opponent, Joseph Howe. One Fort Garry in an official capacity, and Tupper,
finds in the “Recollections of Sixty Years” as soon as he reached the fort, made his way
the confidential correspondence between Mac to the council chamber of the rebel chiefs and,
donald and Tupper as a result of which Howe, after telling Riel who he was, demanded the
who had fiercely opposed the confederation restoration of Cameron's belongings. Riel
* RECOLLECTIONS OF SIXTY YEARS. By Sir Charles Tupper,
was apparently so taken by surprise that he
Bart. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co.
not only permitted Tupper to return in safety,
Toronto:
but actually restored the spoils of war. The
SO.
CANADIAN ADDRESSES.
Bell & Cockburn.
By George E. Foster.


1915)
381
THE DIAL
real object of the seemingly foolhardy visit the municipal to the crowning power of national
was to get some idea of the situation at Fort exercise. The protective principle, never since
Garry, and if possible to persuade the rebels Confederation entirely absent from fiscal legisla-
that they were mad to defy the Dominion
tion, became dominant in 1879, and has since so
continued. Joined therewith later was the prin-
government, and could remedy their griev-
ciple of preferential treatment of British Empire
ances by peaceful negotiation. Tupper realized
products, which now includes practically all the
at once that he could do nothing with Riel, but
imperial possessions except Newfoundland and
talked the matter over with Père Richot, one Australia. These will readily be included as soon
of his principal advisers. He found that the as they find it possible to reciprocate in like de-
rebels were convinced that they could carry gree. Protection is not high or oppressive, and is
on a successful guerrilla warfare in the vast not likely ever to be raised beyond the point neces-
wilderness of the west, and that in the last sary to place Canadian producers in a position not
resort they could annex the western country
to exclude, but to compete fairly with the nations
to the United States. He therefore had to
more favoured by circumstances, skill and capital.”
leave them to their fate.
LAWRENCE J. BURPEE.
Packed with interesting and valuable ma-
terial to the student of Canadian history, the THREE BOOKS ON SOUTH AMERICA.*
book is distinctly disappointing as a piece of During the last few years a marked change
composition. The material was evidently put has taken place in the character of the numer-
by Sir Charles Tupper into the hands of some ous books annually written on South America.
one who either through incompetence or The single volume which attempts to describe
through indolence failed to realize his oppor the whole continent, or rather the fringe of
tunity. As a result, what might have been coast line ordinarily visited by the hurried
an autobiography of the first importance is tourist, has given place to carefully prepared
not much more than a scrap-book.
works dealing with separate countries or even
with portions of these countries. Moreover,
Sir George Foster's “Canadian Addresses'
the critical reader is no longer satisfied with
brings together for the first time a selection of
superficial generalizations, however cleverly
the principal speeches and public addresses
put; he is justified in demanding that the
in recent years of the Canadian Minister of
writer not only evince a thorough knowledge
Trade and Commerce, one of the ablest and
of the region he is describing, but also be able
most incisive speakers of the Dominion. Such to offer an adequate interpretation of those
topics are included as “Reciprocity with the subtler phases of a nation's life included in the
United States," "The Imperial Conferences,
elusive term civilization. Especially is this
“The Naval Policy," "Problems of Empire,"
true at the present time, when one of the unex-
“The Call of the State," and "Claims of the
pected results of the European war has been
Nation on the Individual.” In an introduc-
a quickened interest in all that relates to South
tory chapter, Sir George Foster gives us a America.
rapid sketch of the Canada of to-day, from
Among recent offerings in this field it is
the point of view of one who is taking a lead-
safe to say that none exceeds in interest and
ing part in the moulding of her destiny.
permanent value the scholarly monograph by
Coming from such a source, the following is Mr. Bailey Willis on Northern Patagonia. At
of more than passing interest :
the invitation of Dr. Ramos-Mexia, the pro-
“ Canada has to face three problems - its own gressive Argentine Minister of Public Works,
internal development, its attitude toward outside
Mr. Willis was placed in charge of the Comi-
peoples in respect to settlement within its boun-
sión de Estudios Hidrologicos during the
daries, and its relations to the Empire at large.
As to the first, its policy has grown gradually,
period from 1911 to 1913. This commission
taken on year by year a firmer consistency, and
was entrusted with the important task of mak-
may at the present time be considered as pretty ing an exhaustive topographic, geologic, and
definitely settled. It has gained, and will undoubt-
economic survey of the vast undeveloped and
edly maintain, complete autonomy of government little known region of Northern Patagonia, an
and administration. It is now and must continue area approximately as large as the State of
to be practically supreme within its territorial California and stretching from the Atlantic
boundaries. Government lows the line of a sane Ocean to the boundaries of Chile. The present
and reasonable democracy, tempered with the re-
straints and checks of its monarchial traditions.
* NORTHERN PATAGONIA. Its Character and Resources. Pre-
pared under the direction of the Ministry of Public Works.
This latter does not greatly obtrude in forms, but Illustrated in photogravure, etc., with maps in separate vol-
it permeates with its influences and preserves from
ume. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
THE LOWER AMAZON. By Algot Lange; with Introduction
excess by its conservative tendencies. Manhood by Frederick S. Dellenbaugh. Illustrated. New York: G. P.
suffrage practically prevails, and woman suffrage
Putnam's Sons.
PERU: A LAND OF CONTRASTS. By Millicent Todd. Illus-
is gradually emerging through the lesser gates of trated. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.


382
( May 13
THE DIAL
monograph, in which are embodied the results can be grasped in the view from any one point.
of Mr. Willis's investigations, falls into two One must explore in launch or sailboat, sail in and
general divisions. The first is a detailed de out past woods and precipices, follow the dark-
scription of the pampas of Northern Patago-
green waters around sharp turns into hidden bays,
nia. This region is generally regarded as a
and linger there in the heart of nature's solitudes.
The open lake is swept by fierce winds. The launch
country of desert or steppe-like plains, but it
must be strong or the sailboat large and sturdy.
is neither plain nor desert. Rather is it a
Yet along the lake shores there are amphitheatres
region of semi-arid grassy plateaus, practically where the waters lie so deep beneath the high moun-
all of which is suitable for grazing and much tains that the calm of the mirror that reflects the
of it adapted to agriculture through the use overhanging trees is rarely broken. From such
of dry farming or irrigation. It presents cer retreats the traveler may ascend through the jungles
tain analogies to the western territory of the of graceful bamboo in the deep shade of the
United States forty years ago. Thanks to the
beech forest to the alpine meadows above tree line,
energy of the Minister of Public Works, a
or to the perpetual snows and glaciers of Mount
Tronador."
railroad is being pushed through this region
from Port San Antonio on the Atlantic to Lake
It is gratifying to learn that the government
Nahuel Huapi at the base of the Andes. The
is planning to reserve the most beautiful por-
tion of this region as a great national park for
districts tributary to this new transconti-
nental line districts of enormous potential
the pleasure and welfare of the people. But
value — are described at length by Dr. Willis
Mr. Willis is at pains to point out that this
as regards soil, climate, rainfall, resources,
fascinating corner of Argentina is destined to
and products. In the land where President
be more than the playground of the nation.
Mitre's dictum, to govern is to populate,"
The wild mountain torrents descending from
still holds good the importance of Mr. Willis's
the Andean glaciers hold out possibilities of al-
investigation scarcely needs to be stressed.
most unlimited industrial development. Care-
Of greater interest to the general reader is
ful investigation has convinced the author that
the second part of the monograph, containing
the probable available energy which may be
a detailed account of the wonderful Andean
derived from these streams exceeds two million
region of Northern Patagonia. Here is a cor-
horsepower. When one considers that Argen-
ner of South America replete with surprises tina, with all her natural resources, is practi-
for even the most blasé and jaded of globe cally without coal the significance of these
trotters. Countless majestic peaks, forest figures is apparent.
clad and crowned with snow, rise from the
Too high praise cannot be bestowed on the
dark green waters of fjord-like lakes. This large number of magnificent plates with which
Andean lake region, so thoroughly and de-
this monograph is illustrated. Never before
lightfully described by Mr. Willis, is one of has this Andean region been so adequately and
the most remarkable in the world, whether we
artistically portrayed. A supplementary vol-
consider its extent, the solemn grandeur of its
ume of maps, drawn on a large scale and de-
mountain scenery, or the number and beauty signed to show not only the various physical
of its lakes. Of these latter there are several
features but also the resources of Northern
score which compare with the lakes of Switzer- Patagonia, greatly enhances the usefulness and
land and Italy, and several hundred which scientific value of the monograph.
would be notable were they situated in the
Mr. Algot Lange, the well known Brazilian
British Isles or in the United States, but in explorer, has added another important work to
this little known section of South America the growing literature on Amazonia. “The
they are unnamed and uncounted. The most Lower Amazon" is a very readable account of
beautiful as well as the most important of explorations in the more remote regions of the
these lakes is thus described by Mr. Willis :
State of Pará, particularly the district drained
“ Lago Nahuel Huapi, although not one of the
by the lower Tocantins River. In a simple and
largest of the Andean lakes, is as long as Lake straightforward way the author describes the
Geneva, but in form it more nearly resembles the daily life of the caboclos, or half-breed rubber-
wide-branching Lake Lucerne. Nowhere are its gatherers, and the manner in which the “ black
shores for any distance so low or habitable as the gold” of the Amazon Valley is collected and
northern shore of Lac Leman from Geneva to
marketed; while his training as a student of
Montreux; nor is the expanse of waters so wide
natural history and botany has enabled him to
as that seen in the view from the hills above Lau-
bring the flora and fauna of the region vividly
Only the east end of Nahuel Huapi lies
wide open to the sun. The farther reaches of the
before the mind of the reader. Several chap-
lake and its spreading arms sink deep into the Cor-
ters are devoted to an entertaining account of
dillera; branching about islands or beyond prom-
Mr. Lange's sojourn among a little-known
ontories, they penetrate among the highest ranges. tribe of Indians living some three hundred
Neither the magnitude nor the beauty of the lake miles to the north of Pará. Of even greater
sanne.


1915)
383
THE DIAL
interest is the record of his archæological in country and ramifying through remote de-
vestigations on the Island of Marajó in the tails. It is the obvious point of view from
delta of the Amazon. Mr. Lange was fortu which to study Peru.” This attitude of the
nate enough to discover an immense quantity writer is consistently maintained throughout
of pottery, covered with delicate tracery and the book. The people are set over against the
of remarkable freshness of color. Though he country; the prosaic present is contrasted with
does not hazard any judgment as to the age of the romantic past; the dreary desert with the
this pottery, he is inclined to believe that it is icy highland, and both with the inhospitable
of comparatively recent date.
jungle.
Probably the most valuable chapters of the Those who are seeking concrete information
book are those containing the author's observa or a detailed account of the Peru of the twen-
tions on the population and general resources tieth century may find Miss Todd's book some-
of the country. Mr. Lange attempts, frankly what disappointing; this despite the fact that
and fairly, to tell the truth about Amazonia. it is the result of wide travel and patient in-
The picture he draws of the inhabitants of this vestigation. It is lacking in explicitness of
region is not reassuring. Unfavorable climatic statement, and is quite innocent of statistics;
conditions, the exorbitant cost of living, un moreover, the writer's fondness for paradoxes
suitable food, and wretched sanitation have in and antitheses tends to become a trifle palling.
the opinion of the author seriously impaired Yet for one in quest of the real spirit of Peru
the racial stamina of the North Brazilians. and her marvellous history the book is an open
Moreover, the country at large is in a state of sesame. Miss Todd has intuitively caught the
lamentable retrogression and universal pov elusive charm of this land of the Incas and the
erty. Paradoxical as it may seem, this un-
Conquistadores, and in a series of wonderful
happy condition is due entirely to rubber. word pictures has succeeded in communicating
During a long period of inflated prices the much of this charm to the reader. As an un-
inhabitants of Amazonia neglected all other usual book on an unusual country, the volume
sources of wealth; and now with the competi- is to be heartily commended.
tion of the cheap plantation-grown rubber of
P. A. MARTIN.
the Orient, this good has indirectly turned to
evil and left the people with no other means of
RECENT FICTION.*
subsistence. And yet, adds Mr. Lange:
A map which accompanies Mr. Conrad's
“ It will be the happiest, luckiest thing that can “ Victory” is extremely interesting. It indi-
happen to Amazonia — in fact, the only thing that
cates the scenes of the author's long series of
will prevent a complete relapse into total abandon-
ment and barbarism, when the Orient captures the
novels and shorter pieces, as well as the routes
rubber market, because then Amazonia will be
taken by the ships of his imagination. The
forced to wake up and prevent its people from
globe is pretty well circled by these markings,
starving to death; indeed this awakening is already and the geographical range of his inventions is
beginning. Amazonia is learning its greatest les- something extraordinary. The scene of“ Vic-
that is, that it will have to work to cultivate tory” is the Pacific island of Samburan, a lit-
its rich soil now that the mine of 'black gold'.
tle to the northwest of Samoa, and due east of
rubber - is rapidly disappearing."
the scene of the story of “Almayer's Folly," in
Mr. Lange dilates on the many resources of which Mr. Conrad's marvellous gift for por-
the country, for the most part still untouched traying the psychology of life in the tropics
and unexploited. Valuable cabinet woods, was first revealed. The new book is a char-
medicinal plants, tobacco, and a wide variety acteristic Conrad tale, told with somewhat less
of fruits are among the products which may in of indirection than usual, and peopled with
course of time supplant rubber and make figures drawn from the flotsam and jetsam of
Amazonia one of the richest countries in the humanity as found in the remote regions of
world. The book contains a wealth of excel the earth. A Swede named Heyst is the cen-
lent illustrations made from the author's own tral figure, living upon an island which has
photographs. It is distinctly one of the best
been the scene of the operations of a collapsed
works on the Amazon Valley published in re coal company. He is something of a dreamer,
cent years.
and money-making is the least of his concerns.
In “Peru: A Land of Contrasts,” Miss On a visit to Souraboya (which may be in
Millicent Todd has written a book vivacious in
Borneo) he puts up at a hotel kept by a Ger-
style and delightful in content. Peru, we are
* VICTORY. An Island Tale. By Joseph Conrad. New York:
told, is a paradox. Any statement regarding
Doubleday, Page & Co.
this country "implies a contrary statement
By Geoffrey Corson. New York:
Henry Holt & Co.
equally valid. Contrast is its characteristic
The Story of a Casual Man. By Philip Cur-
New York: Harper & Brothers.
quality, true as to the general aspects of the
By Vere Shortt. New York: John Lane Co.
son
BLUE BLOOD AND RED.
THE LADDER.
tiss.
LOST SHEEP.


384
[ May 13
THE DIAL
man ruffian named Schomberg, and there he destroying his infatuation, and making him
is attracted by a girl violinist in the orchestra realize the utter vanity and selfishness of her
that provides entertainment for the disreputa- nature. Meanwhile, Patricia pledges herself
ble frequenters of the resort. She is evidently to an admirer of her own class, who has long
unhappy, and Heyst soon learns that she is pursued her with dog-like devotion. Ada's
driven to desperation by Schomberg's odious renewal of her flirtation with the Englishman
advances, whereupon he helps her to make her to whom she had once been engaged provides
escape, and takes her to his island home. Neal with adequate grounds for divorcing her,
Presently, two of the most precious villains after which he renews his relations with Patri-
that even Mr. Conrad has ever imagined arrive cia, and, in a moment of passion, seduces her
at the hotel, and Schomberg determines to an episode which we wish had been spared
make them the instruments of his malignant us. This leads to Patricia's flight to hide her
revenge. He stuffs them with tales of the shame, to the birth of her child, to her even-
Swede in his solitary island, and of the treas tual discovery by Neal in the place of her
ure which is probably hoarded there. The concealment, and to the marriage which should
prospect looks good to them, and they start off have taken place long before, and which is a
on the piratical venture. Now in any conven true union of hearts. The plot has vivacity
tional story of this description, the villains and dramatic action, blending seriousness with
would be thwarted, and their proposed victims humor, and giving us the final feeling that we
would come out triumphant. Since we have to have been living in the company of real human
deal with Mr. Conrad, it is all the other way beings all the time that we have been following
about, and the story ends in a welter of trag its involutions. The narrative abounds in
edy which leaves none of the four alive. The passages of great beauty, for the author's re-
enigmatic title of the romance is accounted for sources as a stylist are equal to every emer-
by the way in which the young woman meets gency, and respond to all the varied demands
the ordeal. Heyst has not been sure of her of his web of invention. The jaded reviewer,
love, but at the tragic climax every doubt is working his way through the loads of mediocre
swept from his mind, and the two die united rubbish that clog the yearly output of fiction,
in soul. The story is told with the author's does not often come upon so rich a prize as this
grim strength, and has not a trace of the senti admirable novel.
mental palaver with which a lesser writer “La carrière ouverte aux talents” might be
would beslobber its tense situations. Has any the motto of “The Ladder," by Mr. Philip
man ever known, as this one knows, the soul of Curtiss, as it is supposed, generally speaking,
the human derelict?
to be the watchword of life in this Land of
Mr. Geoffrey Corson is a new writer, as far Opportunity. Franklin Connor is, as the sub-
as our knowledge goes, and if “ Blue Blood and title of the novel calls him, a casual man."
Red” be indeed his first performance, it is a There is nothing outstanding in his character
work of remarkable promise. In all the essen or ability, but he is an expert base-ball player,
tials of good fiction -- an interesting story, and this fact, after he runs away from Aunt
creative characterization, and style – it is so Louise and domestic tyranny, stands him in
far out of the ordinary as to stand as one of the such stead that the way is smoothed for him to
half-dozen novels of the season's output that go through college, although the honors he
deserve to be reread and remembered. It is a wins are anything but academic. Then he
story of purely private interest, with Staten
th Staten enlists as a soldier in the war with Spain, from
Island for its scene, and with its chief figures which he emerges unscarred, but with an offi-
taken from two contrasting elements of the cer's rank, which in turn brings him political
local society — the aristocratic Carmichaels honors at the hands of a grateful common-
who live on the hill, and the plebeian McCoys wealth. So he climbs the social ladder, rung
who live on the shore. Patricia McCoy is the by rung, without any apparent effort, becomes
heroine, and Neal Carmichael the hero of her engaged to the wrong girl and eventually mar-
romantic dreams; these two are predestinedries the right one, and illustrates in his career
for one another, although life becomes a com the ease with which the average American of
plicated coil for both of them before the con good physique and commonplace intelligence
summation of their union. Neal is engaged to can overcome most of life's handicaps, and be-
Patricia early in the story, but the charms of come a successful citizen of the republic. The
Ada Fleming, a heartless aristocratic beauty, story is typical of our social conditions, and
weaken his allegiance, and Patricia, realizing for that very reason, without recourse to the
the situation, releases him from his bond. sensational, and with only a sober and un-
Nothing less than marriage with Ada, and liv- imaginative method of narration, contrives to
ing with her for some years, is effective in I make itself interesting in a prosaic way, and to
-


1915)
385
THE DIAL
impose its optimistic mood upon the reader. his work-people to his will quite as he moulds and
The only thing in the hero's career which shapes his vases and other wares. There comes to
strains credulity is the fact that he is made to his factory a youthful fugitive from justice, in
write, “off the bat," and without any technical
whom the master sees material for the making of a
character valuable both to himself and to the world.
training whatsoever, a play which proves an
immediate success, and places his material for-
The boy repays this kindness with single-minded
devotion, even to the doing of wrong that his
tunes beyond the reach of envious fate.
employer may profit. Reproved and driven out
The "Lost Sheep" of Mr. Vere Shortt's for his allowing the end to justify evil means, the
tale are the men of the French Foreign Legion. | lad comes to repay evil with good. While the
Jim Lingard, an Englishman who has squan tragic ending is not implicit in the story, all that
dered a fortune in riotous living, finds him- precedes it is so ably written, and the background
self reduced to his last shilling, and enlists in is so fully symbolic of the characters before it,
the Legion as a desperate last resort. He has
that the book deserves. high praise as a piece of
several years of adventurous service on the
literary artistry.
edge of the African desert, and barely escapes
The mountain people of North Carolina among
whom Mrs. Payne Erskine has lived so many years
with his life from an uprising of the fanatical furnish a beautiful flower-like creature for the pro-
Senussi. The daughter of the rebel chief
tagonist of “A Girl of the Blue Ridge” (Little,
teaches him the meaning of romance, and the Brown & Co.), whose development from a wild and
sacrifice of her life in saving his provides an primitive savagery to beautiful wifehood and moth-
element of poignant tragedy. The end of the erhood is the theme of a good story. Lury Bab, at
story leaves Lingard, promoted for valor, quite
the opening of the tale, is as wild and as beautiful
satisfied with his career and evidently deter-
in her youth as a rhododendron blossom, the child
mined to remain an officer of the Legion until
of a lovely and self-sacrificing mother and a father
the inevitable end overtakes him. The value
who lives by distilling illicit whiskey. Orphaned at
of this book, aside from its quality of pictur- young man who is wrongfully accused of her
the beginning of the book, she gives her love to a
esque adventure, lies in its minute description father's murder. Benevolent sisters from the North
of the life of the Foreign Legion - a picture come to live near by, and under their care she
as different as possible from that given by develops to fine things. It is a story of skilfully
“Ouida" and other lady-novelists of both contrived plot and incident, written out of full
sexes, and evidently based upon an intimate knowledge.
acquaintance with the facts. The style is dull,
By a somewhat strained coincidence the daughter
and the invention anything but remarkable, by adoption of a New York multimillionaire and a
but somehow a considerable degree of interest
popular novelist find themselves teaching in the
same school in Pennsylvania. She is seeking an
is sustained.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
independent career outside the fashionable world
for herself; he is after material for a new Amer-
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS.
ican novel. This is the basis for “ Martha of the
Mennonite Country” (Doubleday), the latest of
Miss Fannie Caldwell Macaulay, who was known Mrs. Helen R. Martin's novels dealing with an
as Frances Little when she wrote “ The Lady of exotic civilization in the heart of one of the origi-
the Decoration” and evidently prefers still to be nal colonies. The heroine of the story, however, is
called so, again adopts the Japan she knows so well
not the rich girl from the metropolis, but a sadly
for the scene of “ The House of the Misty Star: A
oppressed young woman, worked to death by a
Romance of Youth and Hope and Love in Old hateful stepmother. It is with this last disagreeable
Japan” (Century Co.). The narrative is told by
person that the novelist-teacher boards, and it is
an old American school-teacher long resident near between the stepdaughter and him that the romance
a minor Japanese city, and its title is the name of of the book works out, -- though the rich girl, after
her cottage. To her come a missionary blessed with the manner of rich girls, does not go neglected.
a faith that circumstances justify wonderfully, a With something of the invincible spirit of her
young man who had been so stricken with tropical own Miss Abigail, Miss Dorothy Canfield brings her
fever that he imagined himself to be a criminal, and literary gifts to the celebration of the small town
the daughter of a widowed native whose husband
in the book which she calls “ Hillsboro People”
(the girl's father) was an American artist. Here (Holt). To that end she marshals no fewer than
is material for sentiment abundant and overflowing, eighteen incidents and episodes and essays, rein-
and the author makes a great deal of it. The char-
forced by several poems on Vermont by Mrs. Sarah
acters are drawn with a clearness that speaks well N. Cleghorn. The full flavor of New England is in
for Miss Little's literary future.
them all, leaving the city dweller with a sense of
Pots and potters have been beloved of literature impatience that he is denied intercourse with men
ever since the primeval discovery that they could and women, boys and girls, of so much personality
lend so many apt figures of speech to the writer's and character. Most of us are only a generation or
tale, and there is no sign of the lessening of their two removed from much such a life as is here
popularity to that end. The latest novel by Mr. painted in delicate colors, and the zest of it is still
Eden Phillpotts, “ Brunel's Tower” (Macmillan), in our minds. This is an excellent collection of
is the story of an English master-potter who moulds American stories.


386
(May 13
THE DIAL
Among recent novels which leave one the better
at heart for having read them, “ Contrary Mary
(Penn Publishing Co.), by Miss Temple Bailey,
deserves honorable mention. The heroine is a young
woman of ideas and determination, who is not
afraid of admiring men for their manly qualities.
Her family fortunes are at a low ebb — so low that
she welcomes into her household a widowed clerk in
government employment who has lost heart in his
struggle with the world. How she brings him to a
realization of the need for fighting honorably for
his real place among men, rejecting a most eligible
suitor meanwhile, makes excellent reading. The
scene is laid in Washington, with politics far in the
background.
Miss Alice Gerstenberg's novel, “ The Conscience
of Sarah Platt” (McClurg), is redolent of femin-
ism and modern problems arising between the sexes
so much so that it rather ceases to be a novel at
times. It is the story of a timid woman who failed
to gain the man she loved in youth, only to meet
him and give him her heart when he returned to
her, an ill-mated husband, twenty-five years later.
Tragedy, when the conscience is developed, is inher-
ent in the situation. The narrative is open to a
lawyer's charge of multifariousness, and its mate-
rial is imperfectly assimilated. But it holds out
abundant promise for future success.
It was hardly to be expected that the reader
should be thrilled by “Allan and the Holy Flower”
(Longmans) as he was years ago by Mr. H. Rider
Haggard's early tales of Africa and Allan Quater-
main. But nevertheless, this latest story of adven-
ture shows no diminution of imagination. Interest
here centres about a wonderful orchid, the father
of all orchids, which is worshipped by a dwindling
African tribe as a god. The story of how it was
won through events teeming with peril, how it was
lost in the moment of seeming success, and how the
loss was eventually made good, makes an exciting
tale.
Taking the final campaign before Napoleon's
exile to Elba and that following his return down
through Waterloo, the Rev. Cyrus Townsend Brady
makes a vivid and stirring romance, “ The Eagle of
the Empire” (Doran), which is in keeping with the
events of the age. The hero is an officer of the
Fifth of the Line, the heroine a daughter of the
noble house he and his family have served through
generations. Young Marteau saves her from worse
than death, to find a rival in a young English soldier
of station. The romance threads the historical
events with considerable skill, and the result is a
story fully absorbing and workmanlike.
A sequel to “ Uncle Terry” has been written by
Mr. Charles Clark Munn and called “The Heart of
Uncle Terry" (Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.). The
discovery of a pocket of tourmalines on the prop-
erty of the old lighthouseman brings success to a
young man, deprived of most of his heritage by his
step-mother, and lends interest to the winning of
the old fellow's adopted daughter. It is a homely
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Artists have painted the Golden
The poet's
State, naturalists have described
California.
the wonders of her mountains
and forests, historians have wrought out the
tales of her padres and argonauts, enterprising
boomers have flooded the marts of the conti-
nent with glowing accounts of her fertility and
her charms; but it has remained for the poet
really to portray her inner secrets. This is
accomplished by Mr. Edwin Markham, in his
“California the Wonderful ” (Hearst Co.). It
is no new tale of heroic endeavor or unflagging
enterprise, no revelation of hitherto undiscov.
ered resources, no unfrequented vista explored
for the first time; but rather, that greatest of
all revelations, a human document portraying
the subtile, conquering, compelling charm
which California exerts over her adopted sons.
Mr. Markham's book lives up to its sub-title,
“her romantic history, her picturesque people,
her wild shores, her desert mystery, her valley
loveliness, her mountain glory, including her
varied resources, her commercial greatness,
her intellectual achievements, her expanding
hopes, with glimpses of Oregon and Washing-
ton, her northern neighbors." The work is
very comprehensive; Mr. Markham deals with
the whole of the great state, not the south-
land only, as do many tourist writers; he goes
far back into the gray antiquity of the creative
fates for the drama of the "vast inframundane
activity
birth to the Sierras and
the Mother Lode. He traces the entrance of
the Spaniard, and the inauguration of his
scheme of Divine Practicalism to redeem the
slothful and backward Indian from damnation
and degeneracy. He relates the mad rush of
gold-seekers which forever wiped "mañana
from the calendar, put the gringo in the saddle
of the Spanish cavalier, and ended the pastoral
era. His accounts of the overland trail and of
the days of '49 are particularly vivid and real-
istic, for his own boyhood days were a part of
that great drama. The same intimate contact
with the California of yesterday and to-day is
revealed in his pages recounting the rapidly
changing development of her industries and
agriculture, the transformation of untilled
ranch into the orchard watered by mountain
snows, the marvellously successful growth of
coöperative enterprise, the redemption of the
desert, the story of alfalfa, and the welding
into one people of the most cosmopolitan group
of American citizens. The author is at his best
in his poetic but pithy description of the gray-
draped city of St. Francis,-a city which “has
an individuality, a glamour that has stirred
the imagination of the world, the ultimate out-
post of the passion of progress.” The book is
which gave
tale of New England, with the Yankee's desire to an
get the better of somebody rather too strongly
insisted upon.


1915)
387
THE DIAL
granary of
the world.
unique also in its comprehensive and critical accompanied by thoroughness in the admin-
estimate of intellectual California, in the gal- istrative details, must be the basis of charter
axy of which the author himself is no minor reform.” The volume closes with full drafts
luminary. The poetic turns, the vivid and illu- of city charters of two leading kinds, namely,
minating imagery of the language, and the the responsible executive type and the com-
flowing rhythm of these pages are a worthy mission type.
tribute to the beauty and romance of Cali-
fornia.
The latent and as yet scarcely
The future
developed resources of Russia's
Charter making
In his “Municipal Charters: A
great Hinterland challenge the
for American Discussion of the Essentials of
municipalities.
a City Charter, with Forms or
interest of the reader of Dr. Fridtjof Nan-
Models for Adoption” (Harvard University Future" (Stokes), and lead him to speculate
sen's “Through Siberia: The Land of the
Press), Mr. Nathan Matthews has provided
as to the possibilities of the influence of this
framers of municipal constitutions and stu-
storehouse of food for the civilized world
dents of municipal government with a con-
venient and practical handbook of charter kets of the continent with its meat, fish, and
when once transportation shall flood the mar-
making. The author is an ex-mayor of Boston,
past chairman of the Boston Finance Com-
grain. Already 140,000 tons of Siberian but-
ter go annually to London and Paris. The
mission, and lecturer on municipal govern-
aim of Dr. Nansen's tour across the Kara Sea
ment in Harvard University. There are few
and
men in the United States whose knowledge of
up the Yenesei was to test out the possi-
the theory of municipal government is so
bility of a steamship route in midsummer
which would connect with river steamers on
abundantly supplemented and tempered by
the Yenesei and thus afford an outlet to the
prolonged experience in city administration.
The principal thesis of Mr. Matthews's book, rian farms. Russian colonization in Siberia
markets of Europe for the produce of Sibe-
namely, that municipal charters in the United
States are, as a rule, poorly drawn, and that
since the Russo-Japanese War has been fos-
good government in a city presupposes a
tered by the Government, and has grown so
charter of proper proportions and precision, and markets is pressing for solution. The
rapidly that the question of transportation
is not difficult to maintain. The tendency has
author advocates scientific surveys of the ad-
been very general to overload charters with
jacent Arctic waters, the extension of the
details, although the principal defect in some
wireless services, and the use of aeroplanes to
instances is rather the lack of detail. Dis-
proportionate space is often given to certain give prompt information of the opening of
subjects, and more recent charters exhibit navigation, and of the location of ice lanes
especially the fault of over-emphasis upon for the guidance of mariners who will use this
political machinery, while administrative
sea route from Europe to the estuaries of the
methods receive inadequate attention. There
Obi and Yenesei, — a route little used but long
is too much hasty re-enactment and copying ued his journey along the Trans-Siberian
known to hardy Norse skippers. He contin-
of the provisions of earlier charters, or of the Railway to the Pacific at Vladivostok, re-
charters of other cities, whereby defects as
well as virtues are perpetuated and spread. turning through the new Russian line in the
There is little uniformity of language or
Amur country. His book thus gives a bird's-
arrangement, and there is commonly an un-
eye view of “this boundless land, mighty as
necessary amount of repetition.
The two
the ocean itself, with its infinite plains and
principles, chiefly, which it is insisted should mountains, its frozen Arctic coast, its free and
govern in the making of city charters are (1)
desolate tundra, its deep, mysterious taiga,
that all matters which affect citizens of the
from the Ural to the Pacific, its grass grown
State as such, rather than as members of a
rolling steppes, its purple wooded hills, and
particular city, should be left to be controlled
its little scattered patches of human life."
through general legislation, rather than in the
The agricultural and mining possibilities, the
city charter; and (2) that the political fea- political and social problems, the economic
tures of a charter should not be permitted to and industrial aspects of Siberia are here
overshadow, or imperil the operation of, the
summed up by a trained scientific mind
more important provisions relating to the keenly alert to the significance of the passing
administration of the city business. Hundreds landscape, the mushroom towns of the chang-
of city charters, it is affirmed, have brought ing frontier, and the invading yellow hordes
disappointment to their authors because their of Coreans and Chinese increasing in the
administrative provisions have been inade- East, from sixteen to twenty-four per cent of
quate. “Simplicity of political structure, I total population in less than four years. The


388
[ May 13
THE DIAL
author has no fear that the colonization of sympathetic in tone, and sometimes seems
this inland empire will lead to the deteriora unfair in its interpretation of Lowell's per-
tion of the Russian stock, as it did to that of sonality; but the author takes such evident
Rome and Spain and now threatens that of joy in demolishing his man of straw that not
Great Britain. The contiguity of the land, even Lowell's most enthusiastic friends could
the great mass of the Russian population, and grudge him the pleasure.
the easy transfer of the Russian culture intact
to these new lands all seem to insure the in-
The first few pages of Mr.
The pilot
tegrity of the Russian nation and people in of Britain's Harold Begbie's little book on
this expansion to the East. Her mission here
war destinies.
“Kitchener, Organizer of Vic-
is, so this veteran explorer believes, to be the tory” (Houghton) may lead the reader to con-
bulwark of Europe against the “Yellow clude that it is merely a piece of laudatory
Peril.” Maps and a large number of excel writing with no substance or value as a biog-
lent illustrations from photographs make even raphy. In part this is true: Mr. Begbie's
more real this illuminating picture of this book is in no sense a biography, it is a mere
future granary of the world.
sketch of Kitchener's career, written appar-
ently for the purpose of accounting for the
It is difficult to understand the
An iconoclastic
great faith that Englishmen seem to have in
study of Lowell intellectual temper of a student
as a critic.
the present occupant of the war-office. The
of literature who devotes an
sketch is not very laudatory, however, and the
entire volume to showing the deficiencies of an
praise that Mr. Begbie does award his hero is
author; it is more difficult still when he bases
of such a character that even a modest man
his attack on the denial of qualities which
like Lord Kitchener is not likely to be pleased
perhaps no discriminating reader ever imag- w
with it. The author describes his hero as a
ined the author possessed. Yet this is what slow, heavy, somewhat dull man, with great
Dr. Joseph J. Reilly has done in "James Rus-
talents as an administrator, but otherwise not
sell Lowell as a Critic” (Putnam). It is true possessed of striking abilities.
“ Kitchener is
that Lowell, after his enthusiastic recognition by no means, for instance, a great general.
in England, was sometimes over-praised, and Again, his statesmanship has never advanced
sometimes praised for the wrong things. But
out of gun range, because it is entirely without
his greatest admirers have always been those
the genius that trusts humanity. In conse-
who felt the charm of his personality, and
quence he is something of a bungler, something
who read his critical essays as the personal of a blunderer.” The general's present posi-
comments of one who knew literature and tion is due to what Mr. Begbie calls the
knew life, and who was above all a charming “Kitchener legend,” to which he devotes a
and high-souled man. It needs no elaborate chapter. The Kitchener legend, he tells us,
series of citations to inform these readers that
grew out of the work of a brilliant newspaper
the essays are often whimsical, discursive, and correspondent, who in a London paper “de-
rambling, or that they abound in contradic-
scribed the famous march to Khartoum, filling
tions arising from the approach to a subject the grey commercial atmosphere of London
from different angles, or from the discussion with the rich colours of the East, with the
of the same subject in different moods. In exciting adventure of war, and with the still
Lowell's life-time, indeed, these contradictions
more exciting sensation of anxiety.” It seems
troubled critics to whom consistency was a to be Mr. Begbie's opinion that this legendary
hobgoblin, and several of those emphasized by character is far more useful in the present
Dr. Reilly are found in Wilkinson's list pub-crisis than the real Kitchener, as it gives the
lished more than forty years ago. Nor will English public the confidence in the govern-
the most grateful readers of Lowell deny Dr.
ment that is needed above everything else.
Reilly's other chief theses -- that “his taste The volume is illustrated with eight photo-
was intuitive,” that “ he lacked philosophical graphs of Lord Kitchener taken at various
depth of mind,” and that he did not evolve a periods of life and in various costumes, civil,
critical method like that of Arnold and Sainte- military, Oriental, and academic.
Beuve. Dr. Reilly cites passages to show that
Lowell himself was fully aware of most or all
The subject of the Hartford-
of these limitations. The conclusion that
Lamson lectures for 1913 was
Lowell was not a critic begs the question with modern India.
“Modern Religious Movements
a definition, and can only mean that Lowell in India,” and the lecturer was Mr. J. N. Far-
was not a sort of critic that he never claimed quhar, M.A., who had been a worker in India
to be and that his closest readers never imag- for more than twenty years. He gave eight
ined him to be. The book is, throughout, un addresses, which have been carefully edited
>
Old and new
religions in


1915 1
389
THE DIAL
and are now available in book form (Macmil- needs neither exaggeration nor rhetoric to
lan). Fortunately, Mr. Farquhar has not only bring it home to men's bosoms. The author
had a varied and valuable experience in the writes with restraint, though his indignation
land about which he writes, but also brings to at times comes close to the surface. Having
bear sound methods of investigation and pre been himself an eye-witness of the first four
sentation, with the natural result that he has weeks of the war, he is able to describe vividly
given us a thoughtful and useful volume. those momentous operations around Liège,
After a brief but serviceable historical out- Malines, and Namur which had such a far-
line, he enters upon a discussion of the “Move- reaching effect on the whole Western cam-
ments Favoring Vigorous Reform," such as the paign. It is his profound conviction that Bel-
Brahma Samaj. Then he turns to “Reform gium has fought in defence not only of her
Checked by Defence of the Old Faiths,” and own independence but also of the liberties of
under this general caption he writes about the Europe and the sanctity of international law.
Arya Samaj, the Vedic Mission, and nine simi- In strict honor she was not bound to resist to
lar movements. In the fourth chapter he treats the bitter end. After the first defence had been
of the “Full Defence of the Old Religions," broken down, she might well have concluded
with such subdivisions as Sectarian Move an armistice with the enemy and thereby have
ments in Hinduism, the Parsees, Sectarian tried to save herself from the horrors of a Ger-
Universities, and so forth. However, for most man occupation. In so doing she would have
readers the two most attractive and suggestive fulfilled her treaty obligations and have satis-
chapters will prove to be those on “Religious fied the dictates of honor. But with a lofty
Nationalism" and "Social Reform and Ser- political idealism and a touch of that mystical
vice," not because they are more carefully writ- temper which we see in her great writers
ten than the others, but from the nature of Maeterlinck and Verhaeren, she chose to lay
their subjects. In these sections, and indeed down her life for her friends. She did not
in all, Mr. Farquhar insists that there has been even complain when the Allies failed to come
a steady advance of the old faiths, and that to her aid in time. Dr. Sarolea is fully cog-
all the reformation and revivification has been nizant now of the reasons for that failure,-
due essentially to Christianity: “While the the lack of preparation and the French tacti-
shaping forces here have been many, Chris- cal blunder in attempting a premature thrust
tianity has ruled the development through. in Alsace; but he points out that at the time
out.” (Italics in the text.) Naturally this is the delay not only made the Belgians heart-
a large question, which we may not discuss; sick with deferred hope but also seriously up-
but it assuredly is one that every student of set their military plans. The author himself
world history must find absorbingly interest witnessed certain German atrocities, which he
ing. We have just one serious complaint describes without comment, preferring to
against our author, and that is for wasting so dwell on officially authorized instances of ter-
many pages on his circumstantial exposure of rorism, such as the destruction of Louvain and
the frauds of Madame Blavatsky and some of Dinant.
the other Theosophists. Of course his arraign-
Mr. Henry Arthur Jones, the
ment is most convincing; but these vapid
one-act plays by veteran English playwright, has
iniquities needed no further flaying for the
commemorated his last winter's
class of readers to whom the present volume visit to the United States by the publication
will appeal, and the space thus squandered of three one-act plays and a burlesque narra-
might have been utilized for a more extended tive, in a volume called “The Theatre of
treatment of the “ Servants of India Society,"
(Doran). The little dramas have all
for instance, or half a dozen other interest-
the ready cleverness of technique that. Mr.
ing and significant topics. The illustrations,
Jones's long practical experience with the
chiefly portraits, are excellent.
stage has perfected. Their reader will not
expect or find in them much stimulus in the
Dr. Charles Sarolea, who has for
The story of
way of thought, or much revelation of new
Belgium's twelve years been Belgian con-
methods in character study (although in the
martyrdom.
sul in Edinburgh, has written
brief Cornish tragedy, “ Grace Mary," there is
movingly of the martyrdom of his native land real human feeling beneath the banal story);
in a book entitled, “How Belgium Saved Eu their author has lived through his experi-
rope” (Lippincott). Americans, to whom the
mental period, and shows himself here as an
German invasion of that busy and contented accomplished craftsman rather than as an un-
land is the great unforgettable and unforgiv- wearied and growing artist. Indeed, in the
able fact of the war, will read with absorbed burlesque which gives the book its title, he
interest this plain unvarnished tale which reveals himself quite definitely and intention-
A satire and some
Mr. Jones.
Ideas "


390
( May 13
THE DIAL
much mo88.
and education.
ally as the good-naturedly cynical foe of the
Autobiography anonymously
A rolling stone
intensely self-conscious younger school of that gathered written brings up some curious
dramatists who study parliamentary Blue-
questions of psychology. The
Books to find material for their plays and who author must feel that his career is interesting
seem to Mr. Jones to be merely rocking ener to the general public, or he would not describe
getically back and forth on a hobby Pegasus it; yet he seeks to avoid the fame his book
and hacking wildly with blunt wooden swords might bring him, perhaps for the sake of
at whatever ancient convention or human tra greater freedom in telling the story of his life.
dition comes within reach of their arms. Getting a Wrong Start” (Macmillan) first
Universal suffrage, universal peace, universal appeared as a serial in the most popular of
panaceas of all sorts, he mocks in a serio American weeklies a year ago. Then, as now,
comic style, so much heavier than witty in its the author's name was not disclosed. But there
general effect that it hardly prepares one for is manifestly only one American writer whose
the swift concluding explosion that wrecks life fits into the facts here revealed. That
the Theatre of Ideas, the School attached to writer is Mr. Emerson Hough, whose biog-
it, and all its votaries. The ridicule is neither raphy in “Who's Who in America ” checks up
bitter nor pointed enough to leave a sting; its in detail with the present book. The title of
neutral tone is perhaps but the inevitable re the volume indicates that the writer believes
flection of the American atmosphere in which himself to have begun life badly. The reader
Mr. Jones conceived and wrote it as a half- may differ from him with abundant justifica-
jesting expression of some of the follies he tion. He tried a number of things, in our
hopes to see destroyed by the Great War. national manner, before he discovered his fit-
The volume of “Canadian Essays
ness for authorship,- law and journalism
Studies in
Canadian politics and Addresses” (Longmans), by prenticeship, working hard and intelligently.
among them. In this way he served his ap-
Principal Peterson of McGill
When he came to the age of forty he wrote his
University, Montreal, is divided into two
first fiction. Since that time—and he is now
broad sections: the first dealing with Canada's
external relations, and the second devoted to
in his fifty-eighth year — his success has been
marked; so marked indeed, that what he re-
educational questions. The addresses on Im-
perialism, Canada's Naval Policy, her rela-
gards as a warning may well serve as an exam-
tions with the rest of the Empire, and with
ple. Especially interesting is his account of
his marriage and wedded life; this, too, seems
the United States, have an immediate interest
in this period of world-wide upheaval. Prin-
to justify the wisdom of arriving at full matur-
cipal Peterson is an Imperialist, but not in
ity before plunging.
any narrow sense. The federation of the
British Empire he looks forward to is one that
BRIEFER MENTION.
will make for mutual understanding and help-
fulness among its scattered members, without Two volumes recently added to the “ Handy Vol-
the sacrifice of any essential principles of self-
ume Classics
(Crowell) are “ The Twelve Best
government. No intelligent onlooker can very
Tales by English Writers," selected by Mr. Adam
well doubt that one of the better products of
L. Gowans, and “ The Best English and Scottish
this disastrous war will be a readjustment of Ballads," selected by Mr. Edward A. Bryant. In
the relations between Canada and the other
both volumes the selections are discriminating; and
the titles are useful additions to a convenient and
self-governing Dominions and the Mother
inexpensive series.
Land. The part Canada, Australia, and New
Zealand are taking in the war, and the sig- Byron Forbush's “ Manual of Play” (Jacobs) con-
For the busy teacher or mother, Dr. William
nificant utterances of responsible statesmen
tains many practical suggestions for free play
both in England and in the Overseas Do among children which will prove stimulating and
minions, make it clear that some means will helpful. Complete directions for a large number of
be found of giving the outlying portions of games are included. Throughout the volume runs
the British Empire a voice in all questions of a note of faith in the value of keeping alive the
foreign policy, and all matters affecting the play-spirit among the adults to whom is entrusted
Empire as a whole. In the second division of the guidance of the child.
his book, Dr. Peterson discusses, from the Mr. H. Addington Bruce has put together a series
point of view of a broad-minded and experi-
of detached and superficial essays under the irrele-
enced educationalist, such vital questions as
vant title of “Psychology and Parenthood"
*National Education." "The Place of the
(Dodd). Skimming along the “popular" waves of
interest in defective or precocious children, in hys-
University in the Commercial City," "Educa-
tion and Business," and the “Claims of Clas- conscious, and of the genesis of genius, the book is
teria and fear, in theories of laughter, of the sub-
sical Studies in Modern Education.”
made by culling the most sensational aspects of the


1915]
391
THE DIAL
In « The True Ulysses S. Grant” (Lippincott), Mr. J. A. Fuller-Maitland's new work,
unusual cases. It contains material useful and use-
NOTES.
less, correct and false, pertinent and impertinent;
it is uncritical in treatment and weak in motive.
Mr. Frank Harris's “ Contemporary Portraits”
Such books may do some good by stimulating inter-
will be published next month by Mr. Mitchell
est and more harm by satisfying it.
Kennerley.
In “ Discoveries and Inventions of the Twentieth A play by Mr. Louis J. Block, entitled “ The
Century” (Dutton), Mr. Edward Cressy has pre- Judge,” is soon. to be published by The Gorham
pared a useful companion volume to Routledge's Press of Boston.
popular manual covering the same field for the “ Michael O'Halloran " is the title of Mrs. Gene
preceding century. So rapid has been the increase
Stratton-Porter's new novel which will be issued in
of scientific activity that considerations of space
August by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co.
have led Mr. Cressy to modify in part the plan of
A new edition of M. Maeterlinck's “ Three Little
the original and to select for his non-technical dis-
cussions only the characteristic results of inventive
Dramas for Marionettes” is promised for early
enterprise during the last twenty-five years. While publication. The volume has been out of print for
several years.
the book is adapted to the needs of the many rather
than of the specialist, the author, with judicious
Sir Gilbert Parker has completed his book on the
discrimination, has given to each topic a far more
making and conduct of the war, and it will probably
comprehensive account than is usually found in
be ready next month under the title of “ The World
handbooks prepared for the “ average man.”
in the Crucible.”
The
General Charles King has undertaken to digest Consort of Music: A Study of Interpretation and
for the general reader the enormous amount of Ensemble,” will be published by the Oxford Uni-
biographical literature devoted to the career of versity Press in a few weeks.
General Grant. The result is a very well-written
“ The Dawn,” a play by the Belgian poet M.
biography, in which the narrative of military
the narrative of military Emile Verhaeren, will appear this month in a spe-
affairs is related in untechnical fashion and is
cial edition from the press of Messrs. Small,
wisely subordinated to the account of Grant's life Maynard & Co. The volume will contain an intro-
taken as a whole. Throughout the book there runs duction by Mr. Arthur Symons.
a frank hero-worship, for which the critical reader
must make kindly allowance. Especially will this Among the May publications of Messrs. Doran
consideration be demanded in that brief part of the
are “ The Invisible Event," the concluding volume
work which treats of Grant's two terms as Presi:
of the Jacob Stahl trilogy by Mr. J. D. Beresford,
dent, and in the chapter which tells of his relations " The Rat-pit," by Mr. Patrick MacGill, and “The
with Andrew Johnson. The plan of the series in Lie," a one-act play by Mr. Henry Arthur Jones.
which the volume appears permits no footnotes, Something of the warm attachment that existed
and there is no attempt at a bibliography; but there between the two highly gifted brothers, Sidney and
is a good index, and the work is well illustrated. Clifford A. Lanier, is said to be revealed in a vol-
The perplexing allusion, such as one so often ume of verse by the latter, which will be published
encounters in Lowell's learned page or Matthew under the title of " Sonnets to Sidney Lanier, and
Arnold's polished essay, will always be with us, or
Other Lyrics."
at least until writers choose to make their style as As a result of the welcome which M. Artziba-
bald and unattractive as that of a textbook on shef's novel “ Sanine” has received in this country,
arithmetic or geography. Hence the need of such
Mr. B. W. Huebsch has arranged to bring out all
books as Miss Florence M. Hopkins's “ Allusions, of this author's fiction. The next volume to appear
Words, and Phrases that Should be Known, and
will be“ The Millionaire,” containing one short and
Where to Find Them," a revised and improved two long stories.
edition of her earlier “Allusions Which Every
The sixth volume of the illustrated edition of
High School Student Should Know." Nearly fifty
pages of not uncommon though not too obvious Macmillan will have ready this month, completes
Macaulay's “ History of England," which Messrs.
allusions, with indications of easily accessible
a work which has been appearing quarterly under
sources of information concerning them, have been
carefully prepared, and each printed page is faced
the editorship of Professor C. 1. Firth since
November, 1913.
by a blank one for additional entries on the stu-
dent's part. It is encouraging to learn from the It is impossible to foresee the influence of the
author that she has been induced by the reception
great war on English literature in the future. Some
of her former work to prepare this second and
of the precedents are dealt with by Professor E.
more maturely considered treatise in the same field.
de Sélincourt in a volume of lectures about to be
Our younger writers betray their rawness (if that published by the Oxford University Press under the
be not too harsh a term) in nothing so much as the
title of “ English Poets and the National Ideal.”
thinness, the poverty, the unallusiveness of their Mr. Balfour's Gifford lectures on “ Theism and
style. Miss Hopkins is librarian of the Detroit Humanity” will be ready for publication shortly.
Central High School, and her book may be had of Messrs. Hodder & Stoughton received the complete
the Willard Company, of that city. She has in manuscript from Mr. Balfour a short time ago, and
preparation a work on "Reference Guides That they anticipate that even in these stirring times the
Should be Known."
book will give rise to a good deal of discussion.


392
(May 13
THE DIAL
con-
Immediately forthcoming volumes in the “ Home subject of Bronson Alcott's community at Fruit-
University Library” are: “Belgium,” by Mr. lands; “Whither?” the anonymous essay which
R. C. K. Ensor; "A History of Philosophy," by attracted wide and earnest comment when it ap-
Mr. Clement C. J. Webb; “Political Thought: peared in the March number of the “Atlantic”;
From Herbert Spencer to the Present Day," by and “ Naval Occasions,” by “ Bartimeus,” present-
Mr. Ernest Baker; Milton," by Mr. John Bailey; ing a series of vivid pictures of the life at sea of
and “The Negro," by Mr. W. E. B. Du Bois. the officers and men of the British navy.
Two noteworthy volumes of impressions and Literary workers and peace advocates will be
experiences of the European war are soon to be interested in a prize contest instituted by the
published in Mr. Will Irwin's “ Men, Women, and Christian Women's Peace Movement, which enlists
War " and Mr. Frederick Palmer's “ Personal women of all denominations and claims a
Phases of the War.” Mr. Irwin started for the stituency of four millions. A prize of one hundred
war three days after it broke out, returning in dollars is offered for a short story, not to exceed
November to organize the Commission for Relief four thousand words in length, setting forth Chris-
in Belgium
tian ideals of peace. The manuscript should be
More than two hundred confidential military typewritten on one side of the sheet only, and must
dispatches to President Jefferson Davis from
be in hand not later than June 15. Competitors
General Robert E. Lee, which historians feared
should address the Christian Women's Peace Move-
were hopelessly lost but which have been brought ment, 705 Ford Building, Boston, enclosing stamps
to light by Mr. Wymberley Jones De Renne of
for return of their manuscripts if found unavail-
Georgia, are to be issued this month by Messrs.
able.
Putnam. The volume is edited by Dr. Douglas In a forthcoming book entitled “ Shelley in En-
Southall Freeman.
gland,” Mr. Roger Ingpen utilizes information re-
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Pennell's book on lithog- biography of the poet as to Shelley's early life.
vealed since the publication of Professor Dowden's
raphy, soon to be published, contains chapters on
the history of the art by Mrs. Pennell, together with
More especially has the author availed himself of a
a description and technical explanations of modern
mass of unpublished matter recently disclosed relat-
ing to the poet and his family, including twenty-
artistic methods by Mr. Pennell, and is elaborately
illustrated. The historical portion of the book is
six new letters of Shelley. The volume contains &
founded upon the volume by Mr. and Mrs. Pennell transcript of Shelley's manuscript note-book, which,
issued in 1898, and long out of print, but the book
water-stained and tattered, was recovered from the
“Ariel,” the boat in which he met his death. The
is new though based upon the old.
illustrations include some family and other por-
A critical edition of “The Poetical Works of
traits reproduced for the first time, as well as fac-
Robert Herrick," edited by Dr. F. W. Moorman, similes from the manuscript note-book.
will shortly be added to the “Oxford English
Some unpublished letters of Charles Darwin,
Texts” series. In the present edition Dr. Moor-
throwing many side-lights on the more intimate
man has been able to use the copy of “ Hesperides ”
details of his life, are included in the memoirs of
in the possession of Mr. G. C. Macaulay, which
gives the text as revised by the poet in the printing Family Letters, 1792-1896," edited by her daughter,
his wife, entitled “Emma Darwin: A Century of
office. Those poems by Herrick are also included
Henrietta Litchfield, which will be published in two
which do not find a place in the 1648 volume.
illustrated volumes. The first volume chiefly con-
The need of fire-proof structures for valuable sists of the letters written by Mrs. Darwin's mother,
libraries received another lamentable illustration on Mrs. Josiah Wedgwood, and her sisters, now linked
the 26th of last month, when a lively blaze in the together and edited to complete a picture of the
basement of the St. Paul Public Library caused the country life of an English family in the first half
ruin, as is reported, of the large collection of books of the nineteenth century. The life and letters of
(100,000 volumes, valued at $150,000) sheltered by Mrs. Darwin complete a work which was originally
that building. Water, more than fire, did the actual written for her grandchildren, and was privately
damage, as is so often the case in similar instances. printed in 1904.
The total loss to the city is estimated at $300,000. Mr. Allen Upward's new book, “Paradise
In a prefatory note to his forthcoming English Found,” which Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Co. will
edition of Dr. Sven Hedin's “ With the German
publish this month, is a critical extravaganza in
Armies in the West,” Mr. John Lane replies to his
dialogue form which is essentially a searching criti-
critics and states his reasons for publishing the
cism of Mr. Bernard Shaw and his ideas. The plot
work in England. The book, which is expected
of the piece is this: Shaw, through enchantment,
shortly, has already been parodied by Mr. E. V.
is cast into a trance, and in this form is preserved
by his followers as a sacred relic for two hundred
Lucas in a little book entitled “In Gentlest Ger-
many," with illustrations by Mr. George Morrow.
years. At the expiration of two centuries, he is
awakened by a kiss into a world administered
This will appear shortly after the publication of entirely on Shavian principles. The re-awakened
Sven Hedin's volume.
Shaw's disgust with the practical operation of his
Three forthcoming publications of Messrs.
ideas is developed with much humor; but the
Houghton Mifflin Co. not previously announced reader finds when he is through that the Shavian
are " Bronson Alcott's Fruitlands," a compilation philosophy has received a searching and at many
by Clara Endicott Sears of all the writings on the points a destructive criticism.


1915]
393
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 100 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.)
FICTION.
The Honey Bee: A Story of a Woman in Revolt.
By Samuel Merwin. Illustrated, 12mo, 458 pages.
Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.35 net.
Fidelity. By Susan Glaspell. 12mo, 422 pages.
Small, Maynard & Co. $1.35 net.
Mary Moreland. By Marie Van Vorst. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 359 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.35 net.
Alice and a Family. By St. John G. Ervine. 12mo,
276 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Miranda. By Grace Livingstone Hill Lutz. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 12mo, 344 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1.25 net.
The Hand of Peril. By Arthur Stringer. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 331 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.35 net.
The Lite-Builders. By Elizabeth Dejeans. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 410 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.35 net.
The White Alley. By Carolyn Wells. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, 300 pages. J. B. Lippincott
Co. $1.25 net.
The Child at the Window. By William Hewlett.
12mo, 362 pages. Duffield & Co. $1.25 net.
The Girl at Central. By Geraldine Bonner. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 315 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.30 net.
King Jack. By Keighley Snowden. 12mo, 312
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.35 net.
Doodles: The Sunshine Boy. By Emma C. Dowd.
With frontispiece in color, 16mo, 348 pages.
Houghton Mimin Co. $1. net.
The Yellow Claw. By Sax Rohmer. 12mo, 427
pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $1.35 net.
His English Wife. By Rudolph Stratz; translated
by A. C. Curtis. 12mo, 335 pages. Longmans,
Green & Co. $1.35 net.
A Silent Witness. By R. Austin Freeman. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 382 pages. John C. Winston Co.
$1.20 net.
Pillars of Smoke. New edition; 12mo, 252 pages.
Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.25 net.
Lord Strathmore's Ruby. By Ruth Harl. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 124 pages. Chicago: Albert
H. King.
ma
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Rabindranath Tagore: A Biographical Study. By
Ernest Rhys. Illustrated, 12mo, 157 pages.
Macmillan Čo. $1. net.
Yale Yesterdays. By Clarence Deming; edited by
the members of his family, with Foreword by
Henry Walcott Farman. Illustrated, large 8vo,
254 pages. Yale University Press. $2.25 net.
Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother. By Arthur Chris-
topher Benson. With portrait, 12mo, 265 pages.
Longmans, Green & Co. $1.75 net.
Strathcona, and the Making of Canada. By W. T. R.
Preston With photogravure portrait, 8vo, 324
pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $2.50 net.
Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington, Secretary of State
to Charles II. By Violet Barbour, Ph.D. 12mo,
303 pages.
Oxford University Press.
Lucius Tuttle: An Appreciation. By Hayes Rob-
bins. With portrait, 12mo, 61 pages. Boston:
W. A. Butterfeld. 50 cts. net.
HISTORY
Campaigns of the One Hundred and Forty-sixth
Regiment, New York Volunteers. Compiled by
Mary Genevie Green Brainard. Illustrated, large
8vo, 542 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3. net.
Famous Days and Deeds in Holland and Belgium.
By Charles Morris. Illustrated, 8vo, 348 pages.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25 net.
The Financial Administration of the Colony of Vir-
ginia. By. Percy Scott Flippin, Ph.D. 8vo, 95
pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Paper.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Little Man, and Other Satires. By John Gals-
worthy. 12mo, 279 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.30 net.
The Salon and English Letters: Chapters on the
Interrelations of Literature and Society in the
Age of Johnson. By Chauncey Brewster Tinker.
Illustrated; large 8vo, 290 pages. Macmillan Co.
$2.25 net.
The Conduct of Life, and Other Addresses.
Viscount Haldane. 12mo, 136 pages. E.
Dutton & Co. $1. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Works of Henry D. Thorenu. 'Riverside Pocket
Edition"; in 11 volumes, with photogravure
frontispieces, 16mo. Houghton Mifflin Co. Per
volume, $1.50 net.
The Divine Comedy (La Comedia di Dante Alighieri).
Translated by Henry Johnson. 8vo, 443 pages.
Yale University Press. $2.50 net.
Abraham Cowley: The Essays and Other Prose
Writings. Edited by Alfred B. Gough, Ph.D.
12mo, 375 pages. Oxford University Press.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Spoon River Anthology. By Edgar Lee Masters.
12mo, 248 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The New Poetry Series. First volumes: Japanese
Lyrics, translated by Lafcadio Hearn, 75 cts. net;
Irradiations, sand and spray, by John Gould
Fletcher, 75 cts. net.; The Winnowing Fan,
poems on the great war, by Laurence Binyon,
50 cts. net.; Some Imagist Poets, an anthology,
75 cts. net. Each 12mo. Houghton Mifflin Co.
Panama, and Other Poems, Narrative and Occa-
sional. By Stephen Phillips; with frontispiece
by Joseph Pennell. 12mo, 153 pages. John Lane
Co. $1.25 net.
Poems of Emile Verhaeren. Selected and rendered
into English by Alma Strettel. With photo-
gravure portrait of the author by John s. Sar-
gent; new edition, 12mo, 92 pages. John Lane
Co. $1. net.
Love in Danger: Three Plays. By Mrs. Havelock
Ellis. 12mo, 88 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
75 cts. net.
Plays of the Pioneers: A Book of Historical
Pageant-plays. By Constance D'Arcy Mackay.
Illustrated, 12mo, 175 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1. net.
A Florentine Cycle, and Other Poems. By Gertrude
Huntington McGiffert. 12mo, 217 pages.
G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Glen Path, and Other Songs. By Samuel Theo-
dore Kidder. With frontispiece, 12mo, 74 pages.
Sherman, French & Co. $i. net.
THE GREAT WAR — ITS HISTORY, PROBLEMS,
AND CONSEQUENCES.
The Road toward Peace. By Charles W. Eliot.
12mo, 228 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net.
A Surgeon in Belgium By H. S. Souttar, F.R.C.S.
Illustrated, 8vo, 217 pages. Longmans, Green &
Co. $2.40 net.
Four Weeks in the Trenches: The War Story of a
Violinist. By Fritz Kreisler. Illustrated, 12mo,
86 pages. Houghton Miffin Co. $1. net.
Defenseless America. By Hudson Maxim. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 318 pages. Hearst's International
Library Co. $2. net.
War and World Government. By Frank Crane, D.D.
12mo, 256 pages. John Lane Co. $1. net.
War and the Ideal of Peace: A Study of Those
Characteristics of Man That Result in War, and
of the Means by Which They May Be Controlled.
By Henry Rutgers Marshall, L.H.D. 12mo, 234
pages. Duffield & Co. $1.25 net.
The Game of Empires: A Warning to America. By
Edward S. Van Zile, L.H.D.; with prefatory note
by Theodore Roosevelt. 12mo, 302 pages. Moffat,
Yard Co. $1.25 n
The European War of 1914: Its Causes, Purposes,
and Probable Results. By John William Burgess,
Ph.D. 16mo, 209 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
$1. net.
The Doctrine of Intervention. By Henry G. Hodges,
A.M. 12mo, 288 pages. Princeton: The Banner
Press.
Who Wanted War By E. Durkheim and E. Denis;
translated by A. M. Wilson-Garinei. 12mo, 62
pages. Paris: Armand Colin. Paper.
Oxford Pamphlets. New titles: Contraband and
the War, by H. Reason Pyke, LL.B.; Outline
of Prussian History to 1871, by Ernest F. Row,
B.Sc.; The Man of Peace, by Roy Norton;
German Philosophy and the War, by J. H. Muir-
head. Each 16mo. Oxford University Press.
Paper.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
The Emerald Story Book: Stories and Legends of
Spring, Nature, and Easter. Compiled by Ada M.
Skinner and Eleanor L. Skinner. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, 371 pages. Duffield & Co.
$1.50 net.
Jimmy Kirkland of the Cascade College Team. By
Hugh s. Fullerton. Illustrated, 12mo, 265 pages.
John C. Winston Co. 60 cts. net.


394
(May 13
THE DIAL
Hollow Tree Stories. By Albert Bigelow Paine.
First volumes: Mr. Rabbit's Big Dinner; Mr.
'Possum's Great Balloon Trip; How Mr. Rabbit
Lost His Tail; When Jack Rabbit Was a Little
Boy; How Mr. Dog Got Even; Making Up with
Mr. Dog. Each illustrated, 12mo. Harper &
Brothers. Per volume, 50 cts. net.
Famous Buildings: A Primer of Architecture. By
Charles L. Barstow. Illustrated, 12mo, 246 pages.
Century Co. 60 cts. net.
True Stories of Great Americans. New volumes:
Captain John Smith (1579-1631), by Rossiter
Johnson; Robert E. Lee, by Bradley Gilman.
Each illustrated, 12mo. Macmillan Co. Per vol-
ume, 50 cts. net.
Early English Hero Tales. Told by Jeannette
Marks. Illustrated, 12mo, 99 pages. Harper &
Brothers. 50 cts. net.
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
The New International Year Book: A Compendium
of the World's Progress for the Year 1914.
Edited by Frank Moore Colby, M.A. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 806 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
A Check List of First Editions of the Works of
Bliss Carman. Arranged by Frederic Fairchild
Sherman. 12mo, 15 pages. New York: Privately
printed. $1.25 net.
The Art of Public Speaking. By J. Berg Esenwein
and Dale Carnagey. "The Writer's Library."
12mo, 512 pages. Home Correspondence School.
Practical Programs for Women's Clubs. By Alice
Hazen Cass. 16mo, 168 pages. A. C. McClurg &
Co. 75 cts. net.
An American Fruit-farm: Its Selection and Man-
agement for Profit and Pleasure. By Francis
Newton Thorpe. Illustrated, large 8vo, 348
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net.
The Pittsburgh Survey. Edited by Paul Underwood
Kellogg: New volumes: Wage-earning Pitts-
burgh; The Pittsburgh District — Civic Frontage.
Russell Sage Foundation." Each illustrated,
8vo. New York: Survey Associates, Inc. Per
volume, $2.50 net.
The Re-making of China. By Adolf S. Waley.
12mo, 93 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1. net.
A Short History of Classical Scholarship: From the
Sixth Century B. C. to the Present Day By Sir
John Edwin Sandys, Litt.D. Illustrated, Svo,
455 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Studies in the Marketing of Farm Products. Ву
L. D. H. Weld, Ph.D. Large 8vo, 113 pages.
Minneapolis: Bulletin of the University of Min-
nesota. Paper.
The British Navy: Its Making and Its Meaning.
By Ernest Protheroe. Illustrated in color, etc.,
8vo, 694 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net.
A Plea for Christian Science, and a Challenge to
Its Critics. By Charles Herman Lea. Revised
edition; 12mo, 230 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1. net.
Flags of the World, Past and Present: Their Story
and Associations. By W. J. Gordon. Illustrated
in color, 12mo, 256 pages. Frederick Warne &
Co. $2.25 net.
The Spirit of Japanese Art. By Yone Noguchi.
“ Wisdom of the East." 16mo, 114 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. 70 cts. net.
The Normal Life. By Edward T. Devine. 12mo,
233 pages.
New York: Survey Associates, Inc.
$1. net.
THE WRITER'S BULLETIN
A JOURNAL OF INFORMATION FOR
LITERARY WORKERS
Gives Each Month an Up-to-Date List of Meng.
soript Markets, INCLUDING PHOTOPLAY
Helps You Write, Re-write and Sell
13c a copy, $1.50 a year, trial 3 months 400
32 UNION SQUARE, Eat NEW YORK CITY
EDUCATION.
The Schools of Medieval England. By A. F. Leach.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 349 pages. Macmillan Co.
$2. net.
Modern Essays. Selected by John Milton Berdan,
Ph.D., John Richie Schultz, M.A., and Hewett
Elwell Joyce, B.A. 12mo, 448 pages. Macmillan
Co. $1.25 net.
Readings from American Literature: A Textbook
for Schools and Colleges. By Mary Edwards Cal-
houn and Emma Leonora MacAlarney. Large
8vo, 635 pages. Ginn & Co. $1.40 net.
Plays for School Children. Edited by Anna M. Lüt-
kenhaus; with Introduction by Margaret Knox.
Illustrated, 12mo,
283
pages. Century Co.
$1.25 net.
A History of English Literature. By Walter S.
Hinchman, A.M. Illustrated, i2mo, 455 pages.
Century Co. $1.30 net.
A Practical Elementary Chemistry. By B. W. Mc-
Farland, Ph.D. 12mo, 462 pages. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons.
Specimen Letters. Selected and edited by Albert S.
Cook and Allen R. Benham. 12mo, 156 pages.
Ginn & Co. 35 cts. net.
Practical German Composition. By Theodore Brown
Hewitt. 16mo, 68 pages. D. C. Heath & Co.
30 cts. net.
Die Harzreise, with Some of Heine's Best-known
Short Poems. Edited by Leigh R. Gregor, Ph.D.
Revised edition; 16mo, 263 pages. Ginn & Co.
50 cts. net.
Deutsch für Anfänger. By W. D. Zinnecker, Ph.D.
12mo, 380 pages. D. C. Heath & Co. $1.25 net.
Selected Letters. By Stella Stewart Center, A.M.
With frontispiece, 16mo, 277 pages. ci rles E.
Merrill Co. 40 cts. net.
Les Oberlé. Par René Bazin; edited by I. H. B.
Spiers. 16mo, 195 pages.
D. C. Heath & Co.
50 cts. net.
B
M.
The MOSHER
BOOKS
As gifts for special occasions-
Christmas, New Year's, Birth-
days, Weddings, -"infinite
riches in a little room"- these
choice limited editions at mod.
erate prices, printed from type
on hand-made papers, are
unique. My Catalogue sent free
on request.
THOMAS BIRD MOSHER
Portland, Maine
THE ARYA SAMAJ
MISCELLANEOUS.
Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear, and Rage:
An Account of Recent Researches into the
Function of Emotional Excitement. By Walter
B. Cannon. 8vo, 311 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$2. net.
Music and the Higher Education. By Edward Dick-
inson. 12mo, 234 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.50 net.
The History of Melanesian Society. By W. H. R.
Rivers, F.R.S. In 2 volumes, illustrated, large
8vo. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $10.50 net.
The Well-considered Garden. By Mrs. Frances King;
with Preface by Gertrude Jekyll. Illustrated,
8vo, 290 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
An Interpretation of the Russian People. By Leo
Wiener. 12mo, 248 pages. McBride, Nast & Co.
$1.25 net.
Camp Craft: Modern Practice and Equipment. By
Warren H. Miller; with Introduction by Ernest
Thompson Seton. Illustrated, 12mo, 282 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
An Account of Its Origin, Doctrines
and Activities, with a Biographical
Sketch of the Founder
By LAJPAT RAI. With an introduction by Professor
SIDNEY WEBB, LL.B., of the London School of Econom-
ics and Political Science (University of London). With
10 Illustrations, including a Portrait of the Swami Day-
ananda. Crown 8vo. $1.75 net.
This is the first systematic account in English of one of
the most active intellectual movements in India, having
some 250,000 adherents.
LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.
-


THE DIAL
a fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
omens
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published fortnightly-
every other Thursday except in July and August, in which THE NEW LITERATURE OF THE
one issue for each month will appear. TERMS OF SUBSCRIP-
TION, $2. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United
OCCULT.
States and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents
per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by Unlike the moon, with its fixed hemispheres
express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Unless other-
wise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current num of light and shadow, the orb of humanity rolls
ber. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of
subscription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of restlessly from bright to dark. In the eight-
the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on
application.
eenth century there was a rationalizing day-
Published by THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY,
632 Sherman Street, Chicago.
light that peered into every crevice and cranny
of the human mind. The nineteenth century
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. tried to secure this clear certainty for all time
by a system of science which pushed the
Vol. LVIII. MAY 27, 1915
No. 695
Unknowable aside and set its own outposts on
CONTENTS.
the farthest confines of space. But a change
is now upon us. Whether we want it or not,
THE NEW LITERATURE OF THE OCCULT.
the Occult and the Unknown are rising to
Charles Leonard Moore
405
CASUAL COMMENT ..
408
dominate our thoughts. As to Hyperion on
The speech-acquiring years.— The first library his glowing throne in Keats's poem,
building for children.— A notable essay com obtruded, images obscure," so flocks of books
petition.— The publisher's risk in cheap re-
prints.- In memory of Ephraim Williams.-
about the supernatural and the psychic are
A renovated and ennobled French press.-- A wheeling into the world to-day. It is pretty
new Russian genius.-- Retrospects of a quar-
terly reviewer.— Mark Twain's contribution to
sure that these books will influence man's life
Belgian relief.- The children's need of Shake sooner or later; though indeed, superstition
speare.— An addition to the ephemeral litera is so rooted in humanity that it needs little
ture of the war.- A notable gift to Williams
College Library.-- Neglected centenaries.
encouragement from doctrinal treatises. Crys-
COMMUNICATIONS
413
tal-gazing, fortune-telling, palm-reading, as-
In Praise of Thomases.
Thomas Percivai
trological predictions, esoteric philosophies -
Beyer.
Some Thoughts on the Present Generation.
all are flourishing. Nearly everybody one talks
A. 0.
to has had some experience of these things, and
War Poetry in Germany. Arthur Howard
admits some touch of faith in them.
Noll.
MISS MITFORD AS A LETTER-WRITER.
The most remarkable fact about the new
Percy F. Bicknell
415
literature of the Occult is that it has been
THE EPIC OF FRENCH EXPLORATION IN
AMERICA. Archibald Henderson
417
pioneered or backed up by trained men of
WILLIAM II. OF GERMANY. W. K. Stewart 418 , science, men whose names stand high in their
My Ideas and Ideals.- Gauss's The German
Emperor as Shown in His Public Utterances.
own specialties. M. Camille Flammarion in
- Dickinson's The Kaiser,- Shaw's The Kai France, Sir William Crookes and Sir Oliver
ser.-- Miss Topham's Memories of the Kaiser's
Lodge in England, have spoken with no uncer-
Court.
THE COSMIC SOUL. Henry M. Sheffer
421
tain tones. A dozen or so years ago, M. Flam-
THE NEW SPIRIT IN SOUTHERN HISTOR marion essayed to place the whole subject on a
ICAL WRITING. Benj. B. Kendrick 422
scientific or experimental basis. He cast a
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . 424
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS
425
huge drag-net and gathered in hundreds of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
426
cases of psychic experience.- cases of halluci-
International perspective in criticism.-- Fra-
ternal memories.- The oldest and most endur-
nation, telepathy, transmission of thought,
ing form of music.- Studies and satires by mental suggestion, communication from a dis-
Mr. Galsworthy.— The problem of sex control.
tance, astral bodies,— which he presented in
- Short and simple annals of the poor.— The
civilization of India, China, and Japan. his book, “ The Unknown." His more recent
Some romantic chapters in the annals of the work, “Mysterious Psychic Forces," deals
– The making of modern Germany. -
Among the reptiles.- An anthology of mod mainly with Eusapia Palladino. His English
ern plays.
compeers have dealt with the subject in scat-
BRIEFER MENTION.
430
NOTES
431
tered reviews, pamphlets, and addresses. A
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
432 few years ago, Sir William Crookes, in an
.
sea.-


406
[ May 27
THE DIAL
address to the English Authors Club, stated seemed to be only something temporarily afloat
unequivocally that “there is no matter." on the great stream of death. They had their
With the work of these famous scientists eternal pyramids as tombs for their kings, and
may be joined the books of other trained and their Cities of the Dead as real homes for the
competent observers. Among the latter are people. The Egyptians, indeed, seem to have
Mr. Henry Holt, whose recent large work“ On lived only in order to be buried. At the most,
the Cosmic Relations" essays to envisage the life to them was a butterfly which flutters for
whole subject and to give it a definite ter a few days, while the mummy was the grub of
minology; Mr. Hereward Carrington, with his permanent duration.
permanent duration. They embodied their
“Personal Experiences in Spiritualism"; and deepest thought in the figure of the Sphinx,
Mr. I. W. Heysinger, with his “Spirit and half human, half animal. They projected the
Matter before the Bar of Science.' A book idea of the Veil which no one has lifted. In
entitled “Death,” published two or three years India, aside from its religions, mythologies,
ago, which dealt with all the circumstances of and philosophies, always changing and always
the parting of the body and soul and particu- mysterious, there have existed from the begin-
larly took a most unpleasant view of our ning vast systems of magic, sorcery, and mira-
chances for premature burial, is one of the cle-working. One, the largest of the Vedas, is
most gruesome works we ever remember read made up of spells, incantations, rituals of
ing. And there has been an immense recent darkness. The Hindus seem to have consid-
crop of ghost stories and records of super ered it quite as necessary to propitiate the
natural happenings - English, Scotch, and demons as the gods. The Soona plant, the
Irish. Andrew Lang alone slew his thousands plant of intoxication, was worshipped by them;
of bogies. These tales show upon their faces it had its god and most obligatory ritual. The
that they are not the unassisted inventions of Buddhist system of penance, renunciation, and
their writers. They are human documents, fasting has helped the Hindus to a clearness
and therefore in some measure evidential. of thought, or an hallucination of mind, which-
But anyone who is at all familiar with law-
ever way one chooses to regard it, which has
suits will have slight respect for the ability made their magic memorable. The ancient Per-
of the average human being either to know or sians were wonder-workers and wonder-believ-
to tell the truth about anything.
ers. Babylon had its Magi, Belshazzar his Wise
Allied with these scientific or semi-scientific Men, and the rod of Aaron swallowed up the
presentations of the psychic case, there have serpents of the Persian priests. The more
lately been published a good many books which modern Moslem inhabitants of that part of
view the subject in its historic aspects. Highly Asia have been soaked in superstition. The
poetic in form, but substantially based on great wings of the Djinns, Efrits, and Genie
facts, is Mr. Oliver Madox Hueffer's "The hover over and rustle through the Arabian
Book of Witches." “Werewolves" by Mr. Nights, which is a collection of popular tales.
Elliot O'Donnel, “Vampires and Vampirism” To every human being was born a familiar,-
by Mr. Dudley Wright, and " The Romance of to the female a Ginn, to the male a Ginnee;
Sorcery" by Mr. Sax Rohmer exhaust their these grew up with the person, and if the lat-
several subjects. “New Presbyter is but old ter died young he was supposed to have been
Priest writ large” said Milton, and it seems to killed by his familiar.
us that the new scientific treatment of mys The clear and bright Greek mind tried for a
terious psychic forces does not reveal any. time to banish the Occult and Unknown from
thing which is not in the popular or poetic the circle of humanity. Its work still remains
creations of the past. All the powers appar the most sane and purely human the world has
ently possessed by mediums of whatever kind known. But there were plenty of shadowy
to-day have been in use by thaumaturgists and places in Greek life and thought. Dodona
miracle-workers from the beginning. And as with its Sibyls was the central heart of the
this old magic has a certain poetic glamour, we race; and though we do not know much about
shall begin with the slightest and most per the Eleusinian Mysteries, they were probably
functory sketch of it.
concerned with the problems of the hereafter.
As the fertile land in Egypt is only a fringe The story of Medea and the novel of “The
to the Nile, an effluence of its waters, so to the Golden Ass” show us that witchcraft flour-
ancient dwellers in that country human life ished in its darkest forms in Greece.
As for


1915]
407
THE DIAL
the Romans, they started in life with a charm new and strong. On a level piece of ground
ing outfit of domestic deities, Lares and Lem he marked a circle of seven feet in radius. In
ures, and as they grew in age they accepted this he kindled a fire, and placed an iron
anything in the way of superstition that was tripod and an iron pot over it. He boiled
offered them from abroad. They were eclectic water into which he cast handfuls of three of
in their choice of tutelary guardians, and will these substances: asafetida, parsley, opium,
ing to give any supernatural power a chance. burdock, henbane, saffron, aloe, and solanum.
From the Greeks down to the present time Repeating a rhymed charm, he took off his
there runs a line of laurelled and sceptred vest and shirt and smeared his chest with the
figures,— men who were really daring experi- fat of a newly killed cat.
fat of a newly killed cat. He then bound
menters in science, but who were popularly around his loins a wolfskin and kneeling down
accounted dealers in magic. Pythagoras, waited for the advent of the unknown, which
Empedocles, Apollonius of Tyana, Nostrada when the fire grew dim and cold and terror
mus, Roger Bacon, Dr. Dee, and Cagliostro froze his blood appeared in some monstrous
were some of these worshipped and feared and shape, half man and half animal. We are
doubted personages. The Middle Ages placed particular to give this formula because it ap-
even Virgil among the magicians. Madame pears to have been the regulation thing, not
Blavatsky is perhaps the most striking recent only for becoming a Were-wolf but for sum-
example of the ability of a wonder-worker to moning the Master of Evil in almost any
command attention. Both M. Flammarion predicament. In the last scene of Bulwer Lyt-
and Sir William Crookes were more or less ton's "Strange Story" it is repeated pretty
impressed by her.
faithfully.
The popular superstitions of the Middle Mr. Hueffer considers the Witch the femme
Ages and of more recent times were limited in incomprise of the world. He follows her
type but endless in manifestations. The idea through all the irregular routine of her life.
of possession by the Evil Spirit or his agents One thing is certain -she strikes root more
underlies most of them. Wierus made a cen firmly in fact and history than most of the
sus of the demons, and counted up 7,405,925 phantasms of superstition. There were women,
of them. So they were not easy to escape.
hordes of them, reputed to be witches, perse-
There is a story of a nun who forgot to say her cuted as witches, burned as witches. Mother
"benedicite” before she sat down to supper, Shipton, Mother Redcap, the Witch of Wap-
and who in consequence swallowed a demon ping, Mother Demdyke, our old friend Eliza-
concealed in the leaves of lettuce. Heine's beth Sawyer, immortalized by Ainsworth, the
idea, possibly following Milton, was that the Witch of Edmonton, who furnished Ford and
demons and evil spirits generally were “Gods Dekker with a play,— all these were historic
in Exile.” Deposed or degraded with their characters. Nay, Jeanne d'Arc was burned
religions, they wandered about the world tak as a witch. In Sweden there was a mania
ing up what odd jobs they could get or turning about witch children: multitudes of them,
their powers upon mankind in revenge. Wie- though watched in their sleep, reported that
land the smith, for instance, was what was left they had been transported to Blockula, the
of the magnificent Thor. Some of the uncanny Northern Brocken.
creatures of the Borderworld, however, must But let us bid adieu to those dear old days,
have had a different origin. Vampires and and turn to the present material times when,
Were-wolves must have been bad from the as one of our authorities asserts, spiritual
start. There is a recipe given in one of our manifestations are ninety-eight per cent
books for getting rid of a vampire. With a fraudulent. Others make out a better case
picture of a saint in your hand you pursue it for them; but still there is a general opinion
until you have it cornered in a large bottle. that all the modern mediums, — the Davenport
You cork this and throw it on the fire, and brothers, Mr. Home, Lily Dale, Eusapia Pal-
that is the end of the vampire. Lycanthropy, ladino, and Mrs. Piper - whatever powers
hereditary in some families, could be acquired they may have possessed, were never averse to
by performing certain rites of Black Magic. eking these out by trickery. The range of
The experimenter went to some spot remote their manifestations is considerable; but, as
from the haunts of man, desert or wood or we said before, there is nothing very new about
mountain top, on a night when the moon was them, except where modern appliances have


408
[ May 27
THE DIAL
placed new instruments in their hands. Spirit erally, to judge by their lucubrations, must
photography, for instance, could not have been have been somewhat of this opinion.
exploited in past times. On the other hand, What is the good of it all? As someone in
the “Poltergeist," a thing which rings bells, one of the volumes we have mentioned says,
breaks crockery, and throws objects about, is "What good is a baby?” That the super-
only Robin Goodfellow come again.
natural cannot be proved may be granted.
But there is a vast range of psychic expe What can be proved ? Newton said that gravi-
rience which does not depend upon mediums, tation, the attraction between distant bodies,
and about which there is gathering a mass of was impossible; and Faraday urged cogent
evidence scarcely to be ignored. About the arguments against his own conservation of
factual truth of hypnotism, mental sugges energy theory. The nebular hypothesis and
tion, and telepathy there can be no question the atomic theories must probably go to the
whatever. Distant communication, levitation, scrap-heap. If the shadowy impressions of
astral appearances, ghosts, are more open to the unknown and the unseen, the belief in
doubt; but there are crowds of honest people immortality, the sense of immaterial presences,
who are willing to swear to their reality. Cole are part and parcel of the human mind, as all
ridge said that he had seen too many ghosts to but universal experience would indicate that
believe in them. The present writer has had they are, then they are as much a part of life
a few creepy experiences of this kind, but they as anything else which seems to us to exist.
are too slight and too uncertain to be worth Our crass everyday life of work and play, eat-
relating. Some other psychic conditions he ing and drinking, dressing and going about,
has known may perhaps be of interest. When is not permanently satisfying to anyone. Hu-
a very young man, he put in nearly two years manity has always revolted against it, and
in the South American jungle as one of the demanded something more “filling." It has
managers of a great railroad expedition. He built temples, raised banners, created arts, in
was pretty constantly fever-stricken and al order to gratify its need for a better and
most as constantly starved. He was shot, had worthier existence. The supernatural is really
to contend with many mutinies, pursue hostile the initiative of most of these efforts; and the
Indians into the forest, and struggle with more, in a reasonable way, we work with the
native creditors. As a result, upon his return supernatural the greater and nobler our arts,
home, he was conscious of some queer states of religions, and thoughts become.
mind. For one thing, the immediate past was
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
blotted out, or could only be recalled by an
effort; but in its place was substituted an
expedition entirely different and even more
CASUAL COMMENT.
striking, which filled his waking mind with
the vividness of reality. Another thing was
THE SPEECH-ACQUIRING YEARS, with most
this: he had at that time published nothing;
persons, are limited to the earlier years of
their lives, ability to make any appreciable
but the feeling was so strong in him that he
additions to one's vocabulary diminishing rap-
had not only written but published a large
idly after adolescence. Hence the importance,
dramatic poem, that he would frequently go
as a rule, of putting language studies early in
over to the bookcase to pick out the volume. the educational course. Some light on the
Another strong impression was that he pos vexed question of the range of words used by
sessed the power of levitation, that he needed normal children, and the growth of their
only to touch his toes to the ground occasion- vocabulary, is thrown by a minutely attentive
ally to propel himself long distances through study of his own boy, up to the age of two
the air. He certainly never attempted to put years, by Professor Thomas Percival Beyer,
this gift into practice, but the sense that he
whose researches, first published in the “Edu-
cational Review,” now appear in separate
possessed it was a snug satisfaction to him.
Of course these were hallucinations; the pamphlet form. With admirable curbing of
parental pride, the writer claims no precocity
writer was temporarily a trifle cracked. But
or other unusual attribute for his child; he
that raises the question as to how far dementia simply calls him “an actual child of normal
and inspiration are apart. The Indians held antecedents (no jail-birds or geniuses for four
that the manifestations of insanity were generations back)," and yet at one year of age
sacred; and Swedenborg and the mystics gen-
his vocabulary numbered about twenty sym-


1915)
409
THE DIAL
bols, including perhaps ten veritable English provided. A few more items of importance are
words, and five months later this stock had to be noted. “Up to seven o'clock, daily, this
grown to “160 words, most of them English," whole library is given over to the circulation
while at the end of the twenty-fourth month of books. From seven to nine P. M. the place
the number was 771. This list is printed.
This list is printed changes to a reading and reference library,
Noteworthy is the increasingly rapid enlarge and all the seats in the beautiful main rooms
ment of the child's vocabulary, and the fact are filled with reference workers and earnest
that, like other children, he now, in his third readers. . . . Another departure of this year
year, shows a decided acceleration of speed in has been the opening of a training course for
acquiring new words, so that at his next birth children's librarians. The experience of years
day he is likely to command a vocabulary of in being unable to secure from the library
2200, and possibly 2500 words. Compare schools enough trained workers for this de-
this readiness of word-acquisition with the partment has practically forced us into giving
average college student's sluggishness in the our own course of training.” Conspicuous in
same particular. Commenting on the correla the scheme of things bibliothecal has been the
tion between thought and language, the writer recent rapid increase in consideration enjoyed
asks: “ Therefore shall it not become a shame by the juvenile user of the public library,
ful thing and not to be tolerated for college especially in this country. May the American
men and women to continue to do business child, already fairly well imbued with a sense
upon the verbal capital inherited from their of his own importance, be able to preserve
unconscious childhood, plus a few hundred some remnant of bashfulness and modesty
words absorbed during their imperfectly con under this indulgent treatment!
scious school-days? Shall the teacher of En-
glish not demand some conscious effort to
A NOTABLE ESSAY COMPETITION, already re-
augment the needs of the organ of thought!
ferred to by us as instituted by the Carnegie
Tooting on the pipes of infancy continues
Church Peace Union, and brought to a close
childish music through adult life. It will be
with the opening of the current calendar year,
only by adding new avenues of intake and
has resulted, so far as the highest honors are
outgo that adult life and thinking can grow
concerned, in the award of the first prize (one
into the richness and variety and color that
should be the personality.”
thousand dollars) to Rev. Gaius Glenn Atkins,
A notable discov-
D.D., pastor of the Central Congregational
ery was made by Professor Beyer in the fact
Church, Providence, R. I. Competition for
that his boy showed an early command of a
this prize was restricted to pastors of churches
great variety of vowel and consonant sounds
in the United States. Three lesser prizes,
not present in our language, so that selection
offered to students in theological seminaries,
seemed to play an even more important part
have been bestowed upon Mr. R. W. Nelson,
than imitation in his speech. This chimes with
of Phillips University, East Enid, Oklahoma ;
the results of recent research in child-psy-
Mr. P. V. Blanchard, Andover Theological
chology. Although one suspects baby. Beyer Seminary; and Mr. R. Niebuhr, Yale School
to be a rather exceptional infant, he gives us
of Religion, Lincoln, Illinois. The ten prizes
nevertheless matter for useful generalization.
offered to church members were all won by
men, which may cause some surprise in view
THE FIRST LIBRARY BUILDING FOR CHILDREN, of woman's pronounced interest in the cause
and for children only, is Brooklyn's note of peace. Some phase of this question, it will
worthy contribution to recent library develop be remembered, was the topic on which all
ment. Brownsville is the fortunate section of competing essayists were to write. Dr. At-
the city to be favored with this useful and kins's essay, entitled The Causes of War,”
already much-used addition to the general parts of which have been quoted by the news-
library system. For the three months follow-
paper press, points out some of the notable
ing its opening the children's building was steps in the progress of the race that he al-
visited by an average of 1,566 juvenile book leges to have been effected through the instru-
borrowers daily; and, further than that, re mentality of war, and then seeks to explain
ports the librarian, “the quality of the reading why the world at large is to-day so doubtful
and the admirable order of the children de of the efficacy of pacific measures to accom-
serve notice far more than do mere figures of plish like results. Evidently," he says in
use." It is significant that the youngsters, who explanation,“ because we have failed to see
are from the primary and grammar grades that the solution of any question on the very
only, make such demands for non-juvenile lit- highest levels is an immensely more difficult
erature that an ample equipment of “adult” and heroic thing than its solution on lower
books has been found necessary, and has been levels. We fight because fighting is easier than


410
[ May 27
THE DIAL
а
keeping the peace; war is not, as its apologists
would tell us, a high and heroic way out of
international difficulties; it is the low and
cowardly way. It is easier to take arms against
a neighboring people than to sit around
council table and work out in wisdom and
brotherhood and self-restraint, the questions
which the war involves. However we may
differ as to the wisdom of turning the other
cheek, we must agree that it takes a braver
man to turn the other cheek when he does it
as a matter of principle than to strike back.”
A second tournament of pacific essayists un-
der the same auspices, and to close with the
end of the year, is now in progress.
66
THE PUBLISHER'S RISK IN CHEAP REPRINTS
ought not to be lost sight of in contemplating
the considerable profits on the most widely
circulated of these promoters of popular cul-
ture. The lower the price, other things being
equal, the larger the sales; but unless there
is a clear profit, however small, on each copy
sold, the larger the sales the heavier the losses.
A certain salesman in a mammoth department
store was once asked how it was that his house
could afford to sell at a price alleged to be
below cost a certain article advertised among
its bargains. "Why, you see, we make our-
selves whole by selling such an enormous num-
ber," was the salesman's glib rejoinder. The
shilling copyright novel that seems to have
established itself in the English book-trade,
can only be produced in its present grade of
mechanical excellence on the assurance of
large sales, so that untried talent can hardly
hope for a chance to appeal to the great pub-
lic in shilling volumes. The whole cost of
production has been, of necessity, reduced to
an astonishingly low figure, and a royalty of
one penny on each copy sold has to be reck-
oned in before the dealer's profit can be deter-
mined. The latter is said to be as much as
fivepence per copy, divided perhaps between
the wholesale and the retail handler of the
book, so that to one examining the matter the
marvel is that so good an article can be manu-
factured and sold without bankrupting some-
body. No wonder there is risk in the operation,
and an imperative necessity of large and brisk
sales.
school which afterward became Williams Col-
lege,- in memory of this brave soldier, ardent
patriot, and true gentleman, some utterances
on the occasion of the two-hundredth anniver-
sary of his birth have of late found their way
into print and are deserving of note, especially
as it has not often been given to an American
college to celebrate the bicentennial of its
founder. From Professor John H. Hewitt's
commemorative address let us quote a sentence
or two. That Colonel Williams was a man
of superior native gifts which he had culti-
vated is evidenced not only by his letters,
whose directness and terseness remind one of
some of the letters of General Grant written
on the field of battle, but also by the list of
books mentioned in his will, which books show
that he was a man not only of wide reading
for that time, but of good literary taste. . . I
have sought in vain to find in his letters any
expression of malice or ill-feeling toward any
to whom, or concerning whom, he was writing.
That he was a gentleman, in the widest sense
of the term and with all that the word implies,
is evident from the following statements of
President Fitch, whose words undoubtedly
express a reliable tradition: His address
was easy, and his manner pleasing and con-
ciliating. Affable and facetious, he could
make himself agreeable in all companies; and
was very generally esteemed, respected, and
beloved. His kind and obliging deportment,
his generosity and condescension, greatly en-
deared him to his soldiers. By them he was
uncommonly beloved while he lived, and
lamented when he died.''
A RENOVATED AND ENNOBLED FRENCH PRESS
forms the subject of a well-written though
somewhat florid article by M. Alfred Capus,
member of the French Academy, in the
“Revue Hebdomadaire." After reviewing the
important part thus far played by French
journalism in the present crisis, the writer
says, toward the end: “Despite all the blem-
ishes in its history, the press deserves now our
full confidence; in these tragic days it has
discovered the extent of its influence on opin-
ion and the importance of its rôle during the
war. All the phases of the conflict are re-
flected in its columns, as are all the emotions.
all the hopes, of the French soul. It has be-
come more narrowly entwined in the life of
the country than it ever was; it has inter-
preted the sentiments of France, it has faith-
fully represented France in action; and this
collaboration France never forget."
Strengthened and ennobled, affirms M. Capus,
will be the French press that emerges from
this national struggle, and finally: “On look-
IN MEMORY OF EPHRAIM WILLIAMS, the gal-
lant soldier who served with distinction in
King George's War, built Fort Massachusetts,
near Williamstown, commanded a Massachu-
setts regiment in the French and Indian War,
lost his life in the battle of Lake George,
Sept. 8, 1755, and (his chief claim to immor-
tality) founded at Williamstown the free
can


1915)
411
THE DIAL
ing back it will perceive the risks that it once with that periodical when it was wont to
incurred, and how, at certain moments, it appear only four times a year instead of
came near to forfeiting its good name by in twelve. It was in 1872, he tells us, that he
dustrialism and violence; and how, then, it became, to his great pride and delight, its
recovered its balance and acquired morality, assistant editor, a position that he held until
culture, and poise. The war of 1914 will 1876. After contemplating the vicissitudes
prove to have been its supreme test. Far this centenarian has passed through, he thus
from having foundered, it has taken on an concludes his pleasant memories: “Yet 'The
incomparable air of dignity. It has bathed North American Review' survives, more fre-
itself anew in its true well-spring, and it has quent in publication than at the outset, but
seen of what it was capable when it was de more vigorous than ever. Best of all, after
fending the cause of the Fatherland. Its rôle many wanderings and in these days of haste
during the war will have been the glorious and hurry, the restoration of the qualities
prelude to its rôle after the war, when the which gave it its old position has been found
country will have to be reconstituted and possible, and the criticism of literature and the
France set back upon the true course of her purely literary articles have returned to its
history.”
pages, where they were once thought to be
A NEW RUSSIAN GENIUS makes his advent in
fatal to popularity and to sales. To those who
are interested in American literature and let-
our western world through a series of transla-
ters, this is encouraging in a direction where
tions that have been appearing with increasing
frequency during the last few years. “Poet
encouragement is much needed, and should be
a matter for congratulation to all who care to
Lore" seems to have been among the first to
see serious subjects seriously and ably treated,
discover the noteworthy quality of Leonid
whose intellectual appetites are not wholly sat-
Andreieff's dramatic compositions, for as long
isfied by pictures, and who would not have
ago as 1907 it printed an English version of
literature forgotten in a great periodical re-
“ To the Stars," and four years later it admit-
view. It is an especial satisfaction to one who,
ted to its pages “King Hunger.” “Anathema
like myself, has a personal affection for our
was published in 1910 by the Macmillan Co.,
“ Savva” and “ The Life of Man
century-old ‘Review, and who cannot even
by Mr.
repeat the name without calling up some
Mitchell Kennerley in 1914, "Karal and
happy memories from a past which now seems
“ The Sabine Women ” achieved publicity the
very distant in this fast-moving if not always
same year, as also “Love of One's Neighbor,"
and the Scribners have this year issued “ The
improving world.”
Black Maskers," " The Life of Man," and " The
MARK TWAIN'S CONTRIBUTION TO BELGIAN
Sabine Women.” Duplications in the forego RELIEF would have been no stinted one had his
ing list indicate different translations, and
life been extended into these soul-harrowing
mark also a notable measure of popularity. In
times. That with tongue and pen he would
due time this new writer may become even bet-
have made some pertinent and memorable
ter known to our theatre-goers than to our
utterances concerning Belgium's part in re-
book-readers. Realism seems to be the charac-
teristic of his earlier plays, as also of the stories
cent history, there can be no doubt; nor would
other and more substantial evidence of his
he wrote when first essaying authorship as a
means of support; but idealism, the stuff that
attitude have been wanting. What he cannot
dreams are made of, found a place in his
now do in person his literary executor, Mr.
art not long afterward. The tragic intensity
Albert Bigelow Paine, has attempted in some
of the Russian temperament is not wanting
small measure to do for him by contributing
in this writer, whose hard life at one time
to the recent auction sale of authors' manu-
brought him to the verge of suicide. The fact
scripts in aid of Belgium an unpublished
that he has by turns plied the brush of a
piece of writing from Mr. Clemens's pen enti-
portrait-painter and carried the green bag of a
tled “ The New War Scare," written in 1898
lawyer, besides acting at times as private tutor,
and covering twenty-nine pages in the author's
proves the versatility of his talents and helps
handwriting. This sale, instituted at Dr. Ros-
to quicken our interest in his many-sided per-
siter Johnson's suggestion, and carried out
sonality.
under the auspices of the Authors' Club in
New York, took place on the twentieth of this
RETROSPECTS OF QUARTERLY REVIEWER month at the Anderson Galleries, whose pro-
agreeably fill some pages of one of our current prietors gave their services, in printing and
magazines. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge con distributing the catalogue and conducting the
tributes to “ The North American Review” a sale, as their contribution to the cause, while
reminiscent sketch of his early connection our Minister at the Hague, himself a member
A


412
( May 27
THE DIAL
of the club referred to, took upon himself the will act as head of the publication's advisory
distribution of the accruing fund. Long and board; and another noted scholar and writer
impressive is the list of authors, American and of German extraction, Dr. Hugo Schweitzer,
English, whose manuscripts or other contribu an industrial scientist who has written with au-
tions, such as volumes of their works with thority on Germany's economic and industrial
autograph accompaniments, went to swell this condition, will hold the office of president of
rather remarkable sale. Welcome and consid- the publishing association which is to put the
erable as will be the fund placed in Dr. Van new journal into circulation. The number of
Dyke's hands for the relief of suffering, the periodicals which the war has called into being,
significance of the event, in its several aspects, most of them in Europe, of course, is now
is far greater.
beyond counting, as is also the multitude of
smaller newspapers and magazines that have
THE CHILDREN'S NEED OF SHAKESPEARE as
an educative influence in their formative and publication. The mark of militarism, in its
been forced by the same agency to suspend
impressionable years was wisely emphasized present manifestation, is impressing itself in
by Miss Ellen Terry in a parting utterance as
various unmistakable ways on the world of
she embarked for England a short time ago. print, no less than on the world of politics,
“As for the Germans," she is quoted as saying, economics, commerce, agriculture, manufac-
“one must acknowledge that they honor turing, social intercourse, and in fact nearly
Shakespeare in the best of all possible ways,
every other form of human activity.
by the frequent performance of his dramas.
I wish England and America would do even
A NOTABLE GIFT TO WILLIAMS COLLEGE
more, by building a theatre in his honor. You
LIBRARY is reported. The giver is Mr. Alfred
know, in Germany you can hardly go into a
C. Chapin, a graduate of the college in the
city without finding a performance of one of
class of 1869, and already known for his gift of
Shakespeare's plays, while here aṇd in En-
Grace Hall. the beautiful auditorium that
gland, of late, “it is a custom more honoured
in the breach than the observance.' And don't
adorns the campus. This welcome addition to
the library is a collection of rare and valuable
you know, I feel that this neglect of Shake-
old books, chief among them being a perfect
speare is akin to a crime. For what about the
copy of John Eliot's Indian Bible, a copy con-
children who are growing up now? Are they cerning which the assertion is made that no
to know nothing of the work of the greatest
other now known to be in existence is in so
master of the English stage? Must they go
good a state of preservation. A second folio
through their lives without the wonderful in-
Shakespeare, likewise in excellent condition ;
spiration that the beauty and poetry of Shake-
“Poems" by William Cullen Bryant, Cam-
speare gave those of us who are older and had
bridge, 1821 ; first editions of Pope's “ Essay
the opportunity to see his plays in the forma-
on Criticism," Bacon's "Advancement of
tive period of our lives? It is the children I Learning," Jeremy Taylor's “Liberty of
am pleading for when I plead for Shake-
speare.” But it is possible, in the dearth of Prophecy,” and Milton's “ Liberty of Unli-
censed Printing” these are a few of the
Shakespeare performances on the stage, for
more important items in the collection. The
children to catch something of his magic Bryant volume finds a singularly appropriate
charm from the printed page, from Charles resting place (it is too precious to circulate)
within the precincts familiar to the poet in his
and in tender years from the plays themselves.
student days, now more than a century ago.
One is reminded here of the late Dr. Furness's By a fortunate coincidence, though there may
expression of “measureless content" whenever
be a causative relation in it, the college trus-
he heard of young readers being kindled to
tees have just voted an extensive addition to
new zeal for Shakespeare study by any word
the congested library building, one that will
of his.
provide much additional shelf room for the
AN ADDITION TO THE EPHEMERAL LITERATURE growing book-collection.
OF THE WAR is promised in the near future in
the form of “a real American newspaper,” to NEGLECTED CENTENARIES seem to be very
be published in New York by certain German much the order of the day in these troubled
American organizations of that city, and striv- times. The excellent Anthony Trollope's birth
ing to be "absolutely impartial, doing full occurred one hundred years ago last month
justice to the German cause." A warrant for (April 24), but the centennial recurrence of
the attainment of the latter half of this pur that date caused hardly greater commotion in
pose, if not of the first, may be found in the the world at large than did his first appearance
announcement that Professor Münsterberg | on this mortal scene. Another English nov-


1915)
413
THE DIAL
elist of nearly equal fame was the object of moment know, though I have no doubt one could
similar neglect when his centenary occurred in a short time evolve a very good reason.)
last summer
some weeks, too, before the Didymus, one of the twelve, the first historical
fatal first of August. Charles Reade is prob-
Thomas, and the only one whose Didymic claims
ably better known for a comparatively small
have the slightest plausibility, has enjoyed the usual
amount of good work than Trollope for an
notoriety of the scientific pioneer. But for all that,
unusual number of novels of well-sustained
his doubt has proved of more service to the spread
of his Master's good news than has the faith of
excellence. But neither “ The Cloister and the
Peter. The Middle Ages paid him tribute by
Hearth” nor the Barchester series has proved naming three of its greatest men for him: Thomas
potent in arousing any considerable centennial Aquinas, scholar, Thomas à Kempis, saint, and
enthusiasm over their respective authors. In Thomas à Becket, soldier-statesman-priest-martyr.
a few weeks there will fall another and even What triumvirate of Johns or Williams or Georges
more important centenary, of a very different in the Middle Ages can compare with these three?
character, but for obvious reasons no uniting Possibly to the extraordinary popularity of the
of the nations in celebration of the event is to
last-named is due the immense harvest of English
Thomases that has followed. Do but notice the list,
be expected, albeit a sort of unpremeditated
with the particular work or quality of each:
reproduction of that historic occurrence on the Thomas Occleve The Regement of Princes.
Belgian plain to the south of Brussels, when Sir Thomas Malory Morte d'Arthur.
the eighteenth day of June next comes around, Thomas More Utopia.
is not beyond the bounds of possibility.
Thomas Nash Plays.
Thomas Campion Songs.
Sir Thomas Browne Religio Medici.
Thomas Hobbes Leviathan.
Thomas Parnell Contentment.
COMMUNICATIONS.
Thomas Percy Reliques.
Thomas Gray
IN PRAISE OF THOMASES.
Elegy.
Thomas Chatterton - Rowley Ballads and a fleet-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
ing glimpse of the most startling genius ever
Woodrow Wilson's literary reputation, once a
known.
liability, is no longer held against him. If he can Tom Moore - Songs.
explicate the Mexican complication, reduce the cost
Tom Hood Poems and courage.
of living through tariff legislation, not only bust
Thomas De Quincey Suspiria de Profundis.
Thomas Babington Macaulay Essays and that
some trusts but subject the great offenders to com-
cursed boon, the balanced sentence.
plete combustion, and secure the approval of the
Thomas Carlyle Sartor Resartus, the greatest
trend of events on the Repeal of Canal Tolls Ex-
spiritual dynamic of his century.
emption, Regional Banks, and his refusal to bestow Thomas Henry Huxley — Essays and honesty.
his name on his grandson, the nation may even be Thomas Arnold Rugby,
willing to forget that he once taught in a Methodist Thomas Hardy The finest novels in English.
college and later, miserabile dictu, in a Presbyterian Add to this array of services the Summa
university. But what right-minded Thomases every Theologica of Aquinas, the Imitation of Christ of
where can never forgive is that he deliberately con à Kempis, and the Shrine at Canterbury of
ceals the source of his literary inspiration; he à Becket, and I challenge any other name in the
repudiates his “ Thomas."
scroll to show a commensurable gift to the world.
This is inexplicable from every point of view - The poets are not so great; Didymus was not a
except one which hints darkly of early ambitions poet. But what a heaven of prose-men! The nine-
for power. Europe never had an important King teenth century, the age of doubt and reconstruction,
Thomas. There seems to be a shy, sturdy, inde is very properly the Milky Way for the Thomases.
pendent quality in the name which renders it unfit | Carlyle and Hardy! There are none to stand above
for either a truckling adventurer or a conquering them. America, be it said, shows a difference.
leader. So our President was willing to accept the Thomas Paine, the keenest of sceptics as well as
hereditary benefactions of his name, so potent in the stanchest of patriots, and Thomas Jefferson,
literature; but fearful of its political threat, he shrewdly suspected of religious heterodoxy, too
has not acknowledged it in public.
strongly favored the original Didymus, and careful
It may or may not be regarded as worth noting American mothers avoided the possibility of con-
that America has had just two literary presidents, tagion. Thomas B. Read, Thomas B. Aldrich,
and they were both christened “ Thomas." True, Thomas W. Higginson, and Tom Daly braved the
Abraham Lincoln committed to posterity some issue, but Woodrow Wilson dodged too late.
speeches acknowledged the greatest pieces of ora A scrutiny of the Blessed is incomplete without
tory in the nineteenth century; but he was not a glance at the Damned. (How should one know
primarily a man of letters. Certain other presi the Blessed else?) Was there ever a damned
dents have committed themselves to paper; but Thomas? Was there ever a great villain who bore
they were not and are not even secondarily men of the name? In this field we feel the lack of a mod-
letters. It cannot be seriously questioned that we ern Dante. The fact that no Thomas has yet been
have had just two literary presidents, Thomas inducted to the Ananias Club is rather good nega-
Jefferson and Thomas Woodrow Wilson. (Why tive evidence -- that is, no one except the Presi-
they should both be Democrats I do not at this dent, who has forfeited his right of sanctuary.


414
[ May 27
THE DIAL
on.
A bird's-eye view of history reveals no king or pope wars were at an end, and that there were no longer
who has made the name infamous, and fails to any brothers, or nations, crying out for their souls'
bring to light a single great rogue Thomas. True, keepers. No one now thinks of reading Coleridge's
a few millionaires stumbled on the name somehow, “ Christabel through twice; for the joy of the
but even among these there is leaven. One turned incomplete, the dreamy, the meaningless, is not our
traitor to his class a few years ago, and justified his joy. We make religion practical, ignoring the
literary heritage in yellow journalism de luxe. splendid opportunities once afforded men for
Some un-Thomassed person may unkindly say speculating on the vague, the unknowable, and the
this praise would come more acceptably from him unknown. It grows monotonous and melancholy,
self, — that a Thomas should have more modesty, this feigning that all is well. At the best, we are
that he should be ashamed of such conceit, and so nothing but primitives plus the veneer of civiliza-
I am ashamed, but not of my conceit. The tion, and why blink the fact? In philosophy, too,
obscure author must be the reverse of " cocky,” for we are pragmatists: whatever goes as a working
his facts are a condemnation of himself; the more principle, goes. Thales, standing on the shores of
factual they are, the more condemnatory. This, the Mediterranean and determining on water as the
then, is an exercise in humiliation. But there is a first principle of life, is one of the most poetical
word to be said in simple justice and extenuation. figures the world has ever known; but old Thales is
Unlike the President of the United States, who fled forgotten. His thinking was of no use: it was
his name, the writer sought it in anguish of heart, something we could doubt. That is philosophy.
for in his youth he was called “Percy.” Let no It was Sylvester of Johns Hopkins, brilliant logi-
thoughtless person gibe or permit himself the care cian and mathematician, lover of poetry and music,
less luxury of persiflage!
who is said to have spent months over a difficult
THOMAS PERCIVAL BEYER. problem, willing to forgo both food and sleep while
St. Paul, Minn., May 20, 1915.
remonstrating friends pointed out the folly of his
unpractical task. He persisted, despite protests.
SOME THOUGHTS ON THE PRESENT
When the problem was solved, all that he is reported
GENERATION.
to have exclaimed is, “ Thank God, it's of no use!”
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
And Sylvester, too, is dead.
A. 0.
Even at the risk of being called a Words-
Chicago, May 19, 1915.
worthian, it may surely not be amiss to protest
against Mr. Hale's suggestion, in his article on
WAR POETRY IN GERMANY.
“ The Present Generation ” in your issue of May 13,
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
that Wordsworth's message to us of to-day is per-
From a recent issue of the “ Protestant Weekly
haps negligible. The representatives of the modern
Letter," which has come to me from Berlin, I copy
movement fuse liberty and law; with them dis-
verbatim et punctuatim the following as of pos-
cipline becomes devotion, devotion discipline. But
sible interest to the readers of THE DIAL:
did not Wordsworth say all that, and more, a “ The general uplift brought about by the war and
century ago? Where, in the writings of Kipling, most evident in the sphere of religious thought, finds
Wells, or Bernard Shaw, do we find anything on expression also in a remarkable fact, which may be
the subject rising to the heights of the following told in two lines but speaks volumes, more than many
stanza from the “Ode to Duty”?
a long story: from the declaration of war until into
“ Stern Lawgiver! yet thou dost wear
the late fall of 1914 about 1142 million new patriotic
The Godhead's most benignant grace;
songs were written and printed. . . . The unnumerable
Nor know we anything so fair
unprinted poems are not included.
As is the smile upon thy face:
.“ It is impossible for me to even make an attempt
Flowers laugh before thee on their beds,
in judging this enormous production of poetry as to
And fragrance in thy footing treads;
its literary value, no one is capable of doing this, nor
Thou dost preserve the stars from wrong;
will any one ever be. The mere fact of this immense
And the most ancient heavens, through thee, are
quantity may act as a guide in forming an opinion on
fresh and strong."
the mental attitude of Germany's millions during this
world-embracing conflict. Side by side with the well-
The novelists and dramatists and poets of to-day
known names of our national poets of the present age
are for the most part very, very solemn. They stand those of thousands of unknown, whose poetic
take both themselves and their readers far too vein was awakened by the unusual events of this gen-
seriously. Wordsworth made joy “its own secur eral conflagration. Old and young and extremely
ity.” Though all else he has written go by the young, men and women, farmers and business-men,
board, if that one ode contains no message for our ulans, artillerists and pioneers, seamen and pilots of
time the misfortune is ours.
air-craft, deaconesses, physicians, students and pupils,
What a boon it must have been merely to be alive
army generals and University professors compete with
in those memorable days of the year 1880, which
politicians and men of administrative ability. Judg.
ing this mass of literature from a purely artistic
Mr. Hale pictures so vividly, when men thought
standpoint, there is no doubt that much of it is murky,
only about the mugwump movement and civil ser although well-meant, and worthless trash; but as a
vice reform! Our generation is so hopelessly bent manifestation of the country's soul, it is, taken as a
on doing things and getting them done, and wreak whole, something stirringly great, like a huge phe-
ing misfortunes and wrongs for the purpose of find nomenon in nature. The most intensive mental and
ing more things to do and getting them done. No spiritual life of the nation can only find expression in
the pathos of poetry.”
greater calamity could befall our busy age than the
ARTHUR HOWARD NOLL.
discovery that the slums had been cleaned up, that Sewanee, Tenn., May 17, 1915.


1915]
415
THE DIAL
66
the fulness of age, I had lost those whose love
The New Books.
had made my home sweet and precious.
Friends, many and kind, had come to that
bright garden, and that garden room. The
Miss MITFORD AS A LETTER-WRITER.*
list would fill more pages than I have to give.
Elegant ease and abundant leisure amid a There Mr. Justice Talfourd had brought the
charming rural environment, with all condi delightful gaiety of his brilliant youth, and
tions favorable for an occasional exercise of poor Haydon had talked more vivid pictures
her graceful pen, for pleasure only, of course, than he ever painted. The illustrious of the
and never for pecuniary profit — this, or last century — Mrs. Opie, Jane Porter, Mr.
something like it, might be the casual reader's Cary — had mingled there with poets still in
general impression concerning the earthly lot their earliest dawn."
of her who nearly a century ago entertained Charles Boner made Miss Mitford's ac-
an applauding public with her delightful quaintance in 1845, when he was thirty years
sketches of “Our Village."
Our Village.” How far from old and she nearly fifty-eight. He is best
the truth any such impression would be, remembered now, perhaps, as the introducer
becomes at once apparent on reviewing the of Hans Andersen to English readers, his ver-
main events of Miss Mitford's toilsome life, sions of the ever-popular tales being made
and especially so in reading the recent very from the German, and one volume of these
agreeable volume prepared by Miss Elizabeth translations bearing a dedication to Miss Mit-
Lee and entitled, "Mary Russell Mitford: ford, whose writings he had long admired.
Correspondence with Charles Boner and John For six years in his early life Boner was
Ruskin.” Newness to print can be claimed tutor to the artist Constable's two oldest sons,
only for the Ruskin letters, which include and he wrote the explanatory and descriptive
some to John James Ruskin in addition to matter accompanying Constable's English
those addressed to his more famous son; the Landscape," besides helping the painter in
other letters named were made public in 1871, other ways with his pen. Twenty years of his
in the first volume of Rosa Mackenzie Kettle's life he gave to the service of Prince Thurn
Memoirs and Letters of Charles Boner." and Taxis at Ratisbon, as tutor to his chil-
After cheerfully sacrificing the best of her dren; and, first and last, he made himself an
years and far too much of her strength to the intrepid mountain-climber and skilful cham-
support of a father who had squandered his ois-hunter, as might be inferred from his book,
wife's fortune and otherwise proved his un “Chamois Hunting in the Mountains of
worthiness of the unceasing affection and even Bavaria,” to which his correspondent at Swal-
adulation lavished upon him by that wife and lowfield frequently refers. It was the poet
that daughter, Miss Mitford was still, in the Wordsworth who, on receiving a visit from
closing decade of her industrious life, in a Boner at Rydal Mount, suggested that the
condition to write the breezy and buoyant
young man seek the acquaintance of Miss
letters that are now, with biographical intro Mitford, which he was evidently very glad to
duction and useful interspersed matter, pre do; and that the pleasure was not all on one
sented to the reader. For the greater part of side is proved by the lady's words in a letter
these ten years (1845-55) she continued to of later date: “Mr. Boner is a most accom-
occupy the tumble-down little cottage that had plished man. He came to me eight or nine
been the family home since 1820,- "a series
years ago from Mr. Wordsworth, and we have
of closets," she calls it, “the largest of which been fast friends ever since."
may be about eight feet square.' But in As to the Ruskin friendship, to which the
1851, after pleading in vain with the landlord
less bulky but perhaps not less valuable por-
for necessary repairs, and when, as she writes,
tion of the letters now presented is due, it
“if we had stayed much longer we should began long before the two correspondents met
have been buried in the ruins," she removed in 1847. That Miss Mitford was highly
from Three Mile Cross (for that was the name pleased with the man from the very first of
of “Our Village”) to the neighboring village her acquaintance with his person, in January
of Swallowfield. It was a wrench, a “heart-
of that year, need surprise no one familiar
tug,” to leave the old home so rich in fond
with the many published tributes to Ruskin's
associations. “ There I had toiled and striven,
ingratiating manner and
and abiding charm.
and tasted as deeply of bitter anxiety, of fear,
Charles Eliot Norton wrote of him long after
and of hope, as often falls to the lot of
Miss Mitford's time, “ He still remains one of
woman,” are her pathetic words. “There in
the most interesting men in the world.” She
* MARY RUSSELL MITFORD. Correspondence with Charles herself, soon after meeting him, wrote to a
eight illustrations. Chicago : Rand, McNally & Co.
friend: “Mr. Ruskin was here last week, and
Boner and John Ruskin.
Edited by Elizabeth Lee.
With


416
[ May 27
THE DIAL
9.
is certainly the most charming person that I friend abroad, can hardly, perhaps, judge of these
have ever known. . . . He is just what if one frequent and habitual epistles where the pen plays
had a son one should have dreamt of his turn any pranks it chooses."
ing out, in mind, manner, conversation, every More than once Miss Mitford makes it plain
thing. Eleven of her letters to the son and that she heartily dislikes “the trade of author-
two to the father have escaped the ravages of ship,” however willingly she may receive the
time, and are included in the volume. Recur substantial returns that successful writing
rent in Miss Mitford's letters are the names of brings to her not over-plethoric purse. What
such celebrities of her time, and more often she thoroughly enjoyed was gardening and
than not of her personal acquaintance, as the social intercourse and hours of uninterrupted
Brownings, Miss Martineau, Henry Chorley, reading in the best authors, preferably
Dean Milman, James T. Fields, George Tick French, of her own or a little earlier day. In
nor, Charles Kingsley, Bishop Wilberforce, the single month of January, 1806, she ap-
Mr. and Mrs. Cobden, Joanna Baillie, Maria pears to have run through fifty-five volumes.
Edgeworth, Mrs. Somerville, Leigh Hunt, and and her speed as a reader must have increased
many others; so that her correspondence with the maturing of her powers. One of her
constitutes a sort of early Victorian picture earlier letters to Boner reveals her lack of
gallery of notables and their manners and enthusiasm for the production of books for
customs.
others to read. This is the vein in which she
Miss Mitford is not new to the world as a writes, with considerable untruth as to the
letter-writer, since Chorley's edition of "Let number of her literary friends and acquain-
ters of Mary Russell Mitford," in two vol tances :
umes, has been accessible to readers for more “I have to thank you for your most kind letter,
than forty years, and L'Estrange's biography and for your verses, which are full of power; and
of her, in three volumes, contains many of her now you must summon all your indulgence and all
letters, as does also his later work, The your faith in the sincerity of my esteem and my
Friendships of Mary Russell Mitford.” Nev- goodwill, and allow me to entreat you to find some
ertheless it is well to have these characteristic
better literary agent than my poor self. I live in
utterances of her later years brought together
the country, going rarely, if ever, to London, and
in convenient and attractive form. They
then to one house only. I have as few literary
friends and acquaintances as is well possible, and
show her at her ripest and best as a letter-
of the race of Editors and Journalists I know abso-
writer, and though they cannot be expected to lutely nothing. Then if I write to proprietors of
raise her to the rank of a Madame de Sévigné | magazines, or newspapers, or periodicals of any
in this department of polite literature, they sort, requesting them to insert a friend's poem, the
establish her position, if it be not already reply is sure to be that they overflow with poetry,
fixed, in the company of those friendly and,
but that they want a prose story from me, and
in no malicious sense, gossipy, and wholly
most likely they trump up a story of some pre-
pleasing and entertaining correspondents of
vious application, and dun with as much authority
as if I really owed them the article, and they had
whom Edward FitzGerald and his friend
paid for it. Now all this is not only supremely
Fanny Kemble are among the best examples. disagreeable to me, but makes me a most ineffective
Of Miss Mitford's manner in letter-writing and useless mediator for you. You should have a
she herself has something significant to say in man upon the spot for those things, and not an
one of her last communications to Boner, old woman at a distance, hating the trade of
wherein she alludes to her fondness for epis- authorship, and keeping as much aloof as possible
tolary unrestraint, but seems to credit herself
from all its tracasseries."
with rather more of formality in her copious One extract from the Ruskin correspon-
letters to her “ friend abroad” than is actu dence must now be given, and it will show
ally discoverable in them, though they are less the intimacy. the warmth of affection, and the
impulsive than those to Ruskin. She says: height of admiration, with which she was
" Mrs. Browning, to whom at one time (that is
wont to address him.
to say, for many years) I used to write two or “If I love you all — father, mother, and son
three times a week, always preferred those letters, so much better than I seem to have a right to do,
written in a far more complete abandonment than calculating only our personal intercourse, and that
anything I should do in the way of autobiography, only with one, remember, dear friends, that it is
to any of my writings. Professor Tom Taylor your own fault. Recollect that for a dozen years
meant (from the same impression) to have inserted or more there has been no benefit so large that you
all I would have permitted of my letters in Hay have not conferred it — no attention so little as to
don's correspondence, and John Ruskin, to whom be omitted by either. Then to say nothing of books
I also write with the same laisser aller, professes fuller of high and noble thoughts than any that
the same opinion. You, to whom I have chiefly have appeared since the great age of English
written as a sort of English correspondent to a thinkers over which Milton and Jeremy Taylor


1915 ]
417
THE DIAL
shed their light, and to which Cowley and Izaak Poictiers, Rennes, and Caen.” Despite the
Walton lent their sweetness, I have received from strain which comes from listening to one who
both father and son such letters as could only be habitually speaks in oratorical tones, one feels
written by men whose minds and whose lives were
that the first half of this book is best treated
filled with kindness and purity and holiness. Yes!
I have all the right to love you that such knowledge
that way; the last half suffers disproportion-
and an ardent gratitude can give — and you will
ately. It is not history that the author writes :
pardon an intrusion that springs from such a
he has little sense for real continuity and
source.
minor detail, the massing of which is so often
More of the heart than of the head do we
indispensable for the creation of true historical
have in such letters as this to Ruskin; but
perspective. He paints with a brush of massive
both the heart and the head are shown, in the
dimensions; the canvas he covers with heroic
letters as a whole, to be those of a noble and
figures, having length but little breadth or
loving woman, a woman unusually endowed
depth. Two qualities, deserving of singular
both mentally and morally, and one worthy of
commendation, in this impressionistic personal
the wide circle of distinguished friends who journal, are these: the author's individual
delighted to respond to an invitation to the
passion for sensing origins through personal
little cottage at Three Mile Cross. The col-
examination at the source; and his constitu-
tional devotion to the world of out-of-doors
lection of letters telling so pleasantly and
informally the story of the writer's closing
and the sport of exercise, which has carried
years, and appropriately illustrated with por-
him, on foot, over the grand routes of the
traits and views, is a notable contribution to
French explorers, the sinuous courses of the
early Victorian literary history.
forgotten portages, the hidden trails of the
extinct coureurs de bois.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
After giving us, with bright tint and broad
stroke, the historical background of the labors
of those gallant and persevering Frenchmen,
THE EPIC OF FRENCH EXPLORATION
and a suggestion of the permanent survivors
IN AMERICA.*
of that once dominant civilization, the au-
It is seldom that there appears a book on thor has attempted the difficult task of show-
just the plan and with the distinctive char ing the birth, growth, and development of
acter of Mr. John Finley's “The French in present-day America out of that past, and
the Heart of America.” In this country we moulded by it. The subject, we realize, is
are not now given to the production of histori epic; and, true poet in instinct, the author
cal works pitched in a key of high eloquence, has given it nothing less than the epic treat-
and persistently maintained at that pitch. ment. We feel it to be epic, vast
The Parkmans and the Bancrofts yield place vivid pictures pass us in brilliant array:
to the McMasters and the Schoulers; oratori Jacques Cartier in the dim middle vast of the
cal passion surrenders to impassive literal continent; Champlain, at Quebec, heroically
exactitude. But in the case of the present struggling for the permanence of his foothold;
work, we have a distinct reversion to the the pious Maisonneuve at Montreal; the Chris-
older type: Mr. Finley confessedly takes for tian spirits of Le Caron, Brébeuf, and Garnier,
his model the “Homeric Parkman." The suffering peril, hardship, torture, and death,
“Epilogue” to this book is actually an essay that the heathen may know God; the winning
on “ Francis Parkman: The Historian of of Marquette to the "Great Water"; and the
France in the New World.”
ultimate triumph of La Salle. The tone of the
The first quality of Mr. Finley's work, then, book may be caught in the following character-
is the quality of spoken eloquence,- the subtle istic passage:
factitiousness which somehow seems to inhere
“And, seeing and hearing all this again, we have
in the production designed primarily to be
seen a land as large as all Europe emerge from the
heard, rather than read. It must, however, be unknown at the evocation of pioneers of France,
pointed out that the eloquence here is not the wlio stood all, or nearly all, sooner or later within
eloquence of Parkman; it is really the elo three or four kilometres of the very place in which
quence of Finley. And we may well believe that I sit writing these words. Cartier gave to the
these speeches, here appearing as chapter divi-
world the St. Lawrence River as far as the Falls of
sions, were heard by attentive and fascinated
Lachine; Champlain, his Recollect friars and
ears - " in the Amphithéâtre Richelieu of the
Jesuit priests and heralds of the woods, added the
upper lakes; and Marquette, Joliet, La Salle,
Sorbonne, in Paris, and in Lille, Nancy, Lyons,
Tonty, Hennepin, Radisson, Groseilliers, Iberville,
Grenoble, Montpellier, Toulouse, Bordeaux,
Bienville, Le Soeur, La Harpe, the Verendrye-
father and sons
By John Finley.
and scores of other Frenchmen,
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
many of forgotten names, added the valley of the
as the
# THE FRENCH IN THE HEART OF AMERICA.


418
[ May 27
THE DIAL
river of a hundred thousand streams, from where at
WILLIAM II. OF GERMANY."
the east the French creek begins a few miles from
Lake Erie to flow toward the Ohio, even to the Ernest Renan a short time before his death
sources of the Missouri in the snows of the Rock-
expressed regret that he should not live to see
ies -- the most magnificent dwelling-place,' again
the unfolding of the multiform personality of
to recall De Tocqueville, ‘prepared by God for
William II., then the "young Kaiser.” In the
man's abode; the valley destined to give the world
a field for a new experiment in democracy and to
last quarter of a century we have been privi-
become the heart of America.'”
leged to behold what Renan has missed. Con-
The indifference to exactitude which the
sidered as a spectacle of life it has been worth
book seems to betray is particularly marked in
while. Emperor William has been the most
the case of Mr. Finley's allusions to the ex-
influential, the most discussed, and in some
plorer whose name he bears. As if it were
ways the most interesting character in the
world. This interest is of course due in great
unimpeachable, he quotes the following pas-
sage from “ The Western World”:
part to his position, but it is also to a consid-
erable extent inherent in his personality.
"That delightful country (Kentucky] from time Until the record is closed any judgment passed
immemorial had been the resort of wild beasts and
of men only less savage, when in the year 1767 it
upon him must necessarily be provisional. As
was visited by John Finley and a few wandering quality that can be attributed to him. There
matters stand now, consistency is the last
white men from the British colony of North Caro-
lina, allured by the love of hunting and the desire are contradictions in his character and career
of barter with the Indians. The distance of this that cannot be resolved, - high seriousness of
country from populous parts of the colonies, almost purpose coupled with vanity and almost child-
continuous wars, and the claims of the French had ish love of show, atavistic assertion of divine
prevented all attempts at exploration.”
rights joined to a twentieth century modernity,
The author says that “he seized upon this ”; the attitudes of a war-lord glorying in the
but care for accuracy might well have re “mailed fist” and “shining armor” (his own
strained him from being so precipitate. John phrases) along with the pose of the sovereign
Finley, the explorer, visited Kentucky as early “who kept the peace of Europe.” The one
as 1752, despite the figure given by the untrust thing which may be asserted of him without
worthy and fanciful Filson. On this visit he qualification is that he has always developed
was assuredly not accompanied by “wander his restless activity in the public gaze. Unlike
ing white men from the British colony of North his royal cousin, George of England, he is a
Carolina.” There is documentary evidence to monarch in love with his job. His speeches,
show that John Finley sailed down the Ohio, of which he has delivered upwards of a thou-
and later, no doubt, the Mississippi; but we sand, for the most part on military occasions,
have no means of knowing where he stopped. are in themselves evidence enough of his
It is highly probable that he stopped in the superabundant vitality and his determination
land visited fifteen years before,— especially to assert his own views, while the clear, terse,
in view of the fact that only two years later he and at times eloquent style of these utter-
was piloting his comrade-in-arms of the Brad ances testifies to an awakened intelligence and
dock campaign, Daniel Boone, from the valley a sense of form, whatever one's verdict on the
of the Yadkin (Holman's Ford) through Cum- substance may be.
berland Gap to the heart of Kentucky. It was Any attempt to read the riddle of the
on this trip, in 1769, that Finley was accom Kaiser's character without some historical
panied by "a few wandering white men from guide is bound to be hopeless. As evidence we
the British colony of North Carolina.” These may take the little volume, "My Ideas and
white men, five of them, with Finley as guide Ideals," in which several hundred utterances
making the sixth, were not mere purposeless of the Kaiser are juxtaposed roughly accord-
wanderers into a trackless wilderness. They ing to subject, but without context or explana-
were sent on their journey of exploration by tion and apparently also without chronological
Colonel Richard Henderson, colonial judge, in order. The result is simply bewildering, and
behalf of the famous land company afterwards leads nowhere. Professor Christian Gauss of
entitled the Transylvania Company.
The absence of illustrations is a source of
* MY IDEAS AND IDEALS. Words of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
great regret. The interest of the original
With portrait.
articles in “Scribner's Magazine was won Charles Scribner's Sons.
THE KAISER. A Book about the Most Interesting Man in
derfully enhanced by an admirably chosen
Europe.
Illustrated.
collection of pictures. A limited edition, with
Doubleday, Page & Co.
The KAISER, 1859-1914. By Stanley Shaw, New edition.
illustrations, should certainly be published. New York: The Macmillan Co.
MEMORIES OF THE KAISER'S COURT. By Anne Topham. Illus-
ARCHIBALD HENDERSON.
New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
Bos-
ton: John W. Luce & Co.
THE GERMAN EMPEROR AS SHOWN IN HIS PUBLIC UTTER-
ANCES. By Christian Gauss.
New York:
By Asa Don Dickinson.
New York:
trated.


1915)
419
THE DIAL
Princeton, on the other hand, has performed which has been added since the outbreak of
a useful service by arranging some of the most hostilities, is much inferior in both ability and
striking speeches under various headings, and temper. Dr. Shaw has built his book mainly
by giving the setting and the necessary his out of the recorded deeds and utterances of
torical background in each case. It is possible William II., but he has buttressed it liberally
by means of his book to follow certain lines of from the memoirs of Bismarck, Hohenlohe,
the imperial policy with fairly satisfactory and Bülow. Doubtless the historian of the
clearness. The compiler's attitude, it should future will have to use much further mate-
be added, seems to be thoroughly neutral. rial; for the present these sources must suffice.
The handsome book entitled “The Kaiser"
In order to explain the persistent enigma of
by Mr. Asa Don Dickinson contains numerous the Emperor's personality and career, must
illustrations, and the text, though of a sketchy we have recourse to the rather desperate
nature, is interspersed with much shrewd hypothesis of paranoia, or of some kindred
comment. A few slight mistakes should be mental derangement ? Some alienists have
corrected in another edition: the date of the pointed out as evidence his over-weening self-
founding of German South West Africa is esteem, his belief in his divine mission, his
wrongly given (p. 68), the “Daily Telegraph” impulsiveness and incalculability, noting at
interview appears as the “Daily Mail” inter the same time that certain physical stigmata
view (p. 52), and the “November storm " is are not lacking. That is also the burden of
stated as occurring in 1909 instead of 1908 a recent poem by Verhaeren, who sees in
(p. 161).
the devastation of Belgium the work of a
The personal character of the Emperor as madman. Let us attempt a simpler and more
it is revealed in his domestic life is sympa natural explanation. Much will be made
thetically described in “Memories of the clear if we assume that the Kaiser is com-
Kaiser's Court" by Miss Anne Topham, who pounded of two natures, one modern and
was for some years English governess to materialistic, the other mediæval and idealis-
the Princess Victoria Louise. Though her tic. William II. is modern only as far as the
sprightly, gossipy book is mainly devoted to external world and the things of the senses
the general life of the court, it gives many are concerned. As a child of his time he has
entertaining glimpses of the Emperor as he appreciated from the outset the fact that he is
appears in his intimate circle,– frank, gen cast in an age of commerce and industry, of
erous, open-hearted, and with a love of raillery rapid transit and invention. He has gloried
if not a genuine sense of humor. It is also an in the marvellous expansion of Germany's
ultra-masculine figure, after the German fash-trade, in her triumphant industrial progress,
ion, that is shown here. The following obser in the formidable growth of army and navy.
vation of the author deserves to be quoted This is the William who has practised Macht-
because it discloses something characteristic: politik, cultivated the Krupps, and extolled
“He can explain everything to everybody; but Count Zeppelin as the greatest German of the
there is one exception — the suffragettes. He has
the suffragettes. He has twentieth century. But in the things of the
never been able to explain them. They baffle him intellect and the spirit, in ideas and ideals, he
entirely. At first he thought they were just disap- is faithful to his inheritance, and remains a
pointed spinsters, but in view of the number of
romanticist and even a mediævalist. This is
married women in their ranks he was obliged to
abandon this idea. Since then he has been groping pre-eminently true of his religion, the sincerity
in vain after a satisfactory solution. . . It is of
of which seems beyond cavil. He looks upon
no use to explain to His Majesty the difference
himself almost as a high priest; the name of
between militant and non-militant suffragists.
God is constantly upon his lips,— recently,
• Women should stay at home and look after their because of the incongruous circumstances, to a
children,' is his last word on the subject.”
positively offensive degree. But his God is
But indeed, as Miss Topham remarks, the our great Ally," a German tribal deity, a
Emperor has for English politics — as apart sort of magnified and non-natural Hohenzol-
from English life, which he loves — a per-
lern. Of that modern Christianity which finds
plexed and irritated wonderment and con-
its highest expression in the Sermon on the
tempt.
Mount he has little appreciation, even though
The ablest discussion of the Emperor's poli- in a memorable speech he has referred to
cies and the results they have achieved is to be Jesus as “the most personal of all personali-
found in the volume by Dr. Stanley Shaw of ties.” As in religion, so too in politics he has
Trinity College, Dublin. This short book was missed the spirit of the age, and his total
written before the war, and can certainly not failure even to comprehend the meaning of
be accused of an unfavorable bias. Unfor- democracy will, unless the wheel of time is
tunately a new chapter" by another hand,” | somehow miraculously reversed, indubitably


420
May 27
THE DIAL
wreck his ultimate reputation as a statesman. come was really almost inevitable. It is Ger-
The claim to divine right, which was for a many's tragedy to have entered late into the
time regarded as an exuberant touch of youth race for empire and to have found the earth
ful rhetoric, was unequivocally repeated at pre-empted. The alternative to reaching out
Königsberg in 1910, and, according to current and running foul of her neighbors would have
reports, was even more glaringly asserted at been to cultivate contentment at home. Which
the outbreak of the present war. All this is was the part of wisdom? In view of the pres-
not to say that he has been without solicitude ent cataclysm, from which Germany can at
for the common people. But he has never ad best only emerge with even honors, the answer
vanced a particle beyond the paternalistic is scarcely doubtful.
conception of a government from the top There remains the most interesting question
down, handing out favors with disciplinary of all. The Kaiser won the admiration of the
care to a docile and unambitious proletariat. pacifists because of the indisputable fact that
“Leave the Socialists to me," he said to Bis for twenty-six years he kept the peace of
marck very early in his reign, and attempted Europe, often against strong pressure from
to win them by kindly admonitions. When within, and frequently proclaimed that to be
they refused to respond to blandishments, he his unswerving aim. But, up to the summer
became exasperated and denounced them as of 1914, did the net influence of William II.
traitors and enemies of religion. The result of
make for peace or war? It is here, as Mr.
this mingling of conciliation and abuse has
Dickinson points out, that the small cool voice
been the growth of the Social-Democratic vote of common-sense reasserts itself. During those
to the portentous total of four and a quarter
years the Kaiser was sponsor for the navy, he
millions. A similar lack of understanding has
was supreme representative of the army, in
marked the imperial treatment of Alsatians whose uniforms he almost invariably appeared
and Poles in their struggle for autonomy. and whose dominance within Germany he con-
That aspiration for liberty which is so irre stantly maintained; he was the author of the
pressible in the modern breast finds but scant
most famous winged words of militarism, and
recognition in the constitution of Germany, the living embodiment of the doctrine si vis
and none at all from William II.
pacem, para bellum, the sophistry of which
In like manner he has failed to appreciate now seems manifest to everybody. Such is the
the modern spirit in literature and the arts. Hohenzollern tradition; the fighting spirit
Writers like Ganghofer and the egregious was in his blood, even though for prudential
Lauff have been taken to his bosom, while reasons he long refrained from war. When
Hauptmann has been neglected or snubbed. we come to the present crisis, matters appear
The mortuary Siegesallee in Berlin represents even worse. The issue of Europe's peace or
what his patronage of sculpture has evoked. war lay in his hands last July, and deliber-
Since the Kaiser dropped the old pilot in ately or reluctantly he chose war. A hint
1890, he has virtually been his own chancellor. from him would have restrained his Austrian
The government has followed the lines of ally, a nod would have brought about the con-
policy laid down by him. At most a more ference which Sir Edward Grey suggested.--
forceful chancellor like Bülow ventured once and he could have had it virtually on his own
or twice to check his imperial master, but gen conditions of time and place, and hence with-
erally his ministers have been as acquiescent as out loss of dignity. Taking advantage of a
the dull and pedantic Bethmann-Hollweg. It favorable international conjuncture, he in-
may be profitable to inquire for a moment sisted upon pushing through his Balkan pro-
whither the "new course has led Germany. gramme at all hazards; and so precipitately
Bismarck's policy had been purely continental, did his government press matters, so heedless
and had aimed at making Germany secure and was it of ordinary diplomatic maneuvering,
dominant in Europe. The policy of Germany that it cannot now even make a decent pre-
under the Kaiser's personal rule has been, tence of having tried to avoid war. It may be,
briefly, to establish new world-power. as Mr. Andrew Carnegie, Dr. David Starr Jor-
Viewed from almost any angle, the result is dan, and other pacifists have surmised, that
not brilliant. It is an unescapable fact that when the Kaiser returned from Norway last
whereas in 1890 Germany had only one enemy July matters had already got almost beyond
in Europe - France, in July of 1914 she could control and that in the end his hand was vir-
count upon only one sure friend - Austria. tually forced by the military clique. Or it
Beyond a doubt, indiscretions like the Kruger may be that he himself had gradually been
telegram and hob-nailed diplomacy such as won over to the view that war was inevitable
precipitated the two Morocco crises account and now realized that the opportune moment
for much of this estrangement. But the out for Germany had finally come. This is the
a
-


1915]
421
T'HE DIAL
nalists, Maximilian Harden, and most of all If the 750 pages of evidence" are meant to
view elaborated in the French Yellow Papers, what is that hypothesis? The facts are a mass
and recently reaffirmed by Lord Haldane. of reports on "psychic phenomena": telepa-
Proof is lacking at present, but some color of thy, dreams, levitation, controls, spirits, me-
plausibility is lent by such considerations as diums — and the inevitable and indefatigable
the popular resentment in Germany against Mrs. Piper. Under the challenging captions
the government for its humiliating backdown of “telekinesis," "autokinesis, psychokine-
in 1911, the taunts of the nationalistic press, sis," and " telepsychosis,” Mr. Holt presents an
the stings of that gadfly among German jour- array of data discouraging in its minuteness.
the ever-present pressure from the chiefs of convince, compression as well as suppression
the General Staff by whom the Kaiser is con would have served our author's purpose much
stantly surrounded. But in either case the more efficaciously.
difference of responsibility is only one of Mr. Holt, to be sure, is convinced - con-
degree. William II. will go down in history vinced of Immortality and of a Cosmic Soul.
as the aggressor in the greatest war the world He invites us to examine “a vast mass of pro-
has ever seen. Yet, barring a supreme disas- foundly interesting phenomena which can-
ter, it is hardly likely that he will have many not be accounted for by any form of telepathy
pangs of remorse. A chronic optimist by or any cause justified by experience. On the
temperament, panoplied in his sense of divine surface, the phenomena are ostensibly caused
guidance, he has always been proof against by human intelligences surviving death. Re-
self-reproach. Scapegoats will be found, - ject that cause,” we are disconsolately warned,
there are signs already that certain men are "and (pace Drs. Tanner and Hall) there is no
predestined victims. Chastened in mood the other in sight." The "whole thing," further-
Emperor may be, and probably the soul more, "readily comes under the hypothesis of
solitude brought by advancing years will in the Cosmic Soul - of ideas and impressions of
crease upon him greatly; but, unless he all sorts floating about the universe — picked
forgoes his nature utterly, he will to the end up in all sorts of ways and in all sorts of com-
manifest his tireless activity, ever ready, in binations, and remodeled into all sorts of new
the words of one of his favorite poems,
combinations." We must, accordingly, posit
“ to fill the unforgiving minute " back of all phenomena the Cosmic Soul,
With sixty seconds' work of distance run." which is sometimes called God, which gener-
W. K. STEWART.
ates and includes and manifests and inter-
communicates all personalities that are, or
have been, or are to be, and which, with them,
dies not." Thus Mr. Holt, scientist of the
THE COSMIC SOU'L.*
Metapsychical.
Mr. Holt's book on the Cosmic Relations is When we turn, however, from Mr. Holt's
an attempt to justify the ways of “spirits” to science to his comments and annotations which
men. The author is, however, under no illu- punctuate the multifold array of “ facts,” – to
sion as to the weight of his evidence, or as to his gentle humor and still gentler skepticism,
the probability-coefficient attaching to his to his light humanistic by-the-ways on general
hypothesis of a Cosmic Soul. “I cannot envy ethics, sex-morality, and happiness, inter-
the man,” he insists, “who can write on these spersed with delightful gibes at current con-
vague subjects without painfully mistrusting vention, not excluding his chatty and personal
himself.” Mr. Holt's method of presentation hints for a latter-day“ mediumistically” dem-
has left him, he assures us, “ absolutely un onstrated Theodicy, we are inclined to the
trammeled by any theory, except what has belief that we shall discover the major value
grown up during the work itself.” Hence he of the book not in its elucidation of one more
claims for his results no finality. “Many of hypothetical Universal All-including Soul, not
the facts presented are very nebulous, and the in its pathetic albeit manfully sustained desire
guesses are naturally more nebulous still." to establish the Newer Immortality, but rather
His hypothesis “ admits no affiliation with the in its human, supremely human, quality of
famous masses of guesswork which announce “Apologia pro Optimismo Meo.”
themselves established truth." Conse Optimism – romantic, mystic, rhapsodic —
quently, “I don't propose to go to the stake for alternates irrepressibly with pagefuls of argu-
it, or send anybody else for denying it.
mentation. “I cannot remember," writes Mr.
What, then, are the facts which necessitate Holt, “when I did not have the rudiments [of
so apologetically expounded an hypothesis, and the Cosmic Consciousness] before great scenery
and great music, and it culminated in me ten
* ON THE COSMIC RELATIONS. By Henry Holt.
years before the usual period. . . It came with
as
In two vol-
umes.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.


422
( May 27
THE DIAL
the blaze of light, but the light was from the Cosmic Soul. For, is it not written by Mr.
natural sunset.” And to Mr. Holt, poet of the Holt himself: "If in solitude .. anywhere
Cosmic Relations, the powers of mystery are under the stars, you have not already felt that
lovely as well as awful. The mists and moun conception, you will probably find my efforts
tains and dark shadows opposite me as I
as I wasted”?
HENRY M. SHEFFER.
write, are both. I do not read their meaning,
as I read the meaning of a2 + 2ab + b2, but
they lift and expand and deepen the soul as do
THE NEW SPIRIT IN SOUTHERN
no meanings that I can read; and while they
HISTORICAL WRITING.*
raise the most terrible questions, they answer
them with: ‘Peace! Wait! Work! Earn the Of the fifteen essays contained in the Dun.
rest that you feel is in Us! All will be well!'” ning testimonial volume of “Studies in South-
“Perchance," concedes the less romantic ern History and Politics ” all but two or three
reader, "all will be well. Yes, 'tis very pretty
have for their subjects some phase of the Civil
rhapsody, but -- is it science?” And this same
War and Reconstruction Period and the race
matter-of-fact reader, deeply appreciative as
question. This is natural, since most of the
he is of the utter lack of dogmatism on the authors are of southern birth, and nearly
part of the author in the exposition of his ten-
every southern historian is primarily inter-
tative hypothesis, fully recognizing the spirit ested in the Civil War and the questions which
not only of caution but even of skepticism
came into being as a result of it.
pervading the work, is still haunted by a sus The general editor of the volume is Profes-
picion, even a conviction, that not all is well — sor J. W. Garner of the Department of Politi-
if not demonstrably with the Universe, at cal Science in the University of Illinois. He
least with the scientific procedure of Mr. Holt.
is also the author of the concluding essay,
“On seeing the MS. (or rather TS.) of this “ Southern Politics since the Civil War." Pro-
chapter," Mr. Holt confidingly relates, “my fessor Garner's main thesis in this essay is that
friend . . asks whether .. I do not, in treat the agitation of the negro question by political
ing them (certain controls] in a spirit of lev- demagogues in the South has been of infinite
ity, show less confidence in the . . controls harm to both races, and hence ought to come to
than I really feel. I wish somebody would tell an end. In fact, he is optimistic enough to
me how much I really feel. And if he tells me believe that such agitation is now nearing its
on Sunday, I wish he would tell me again at close, as the southern people are becoming
the end of the week. Sometimes I feel a good heartily tired of it. Though one may well
deal, and sometimes I don't." This sounds agree with this opinion, and hope that the
perilously near to Spinoza's apocryphal little elimination of the race question from southern
speech to his God: “Entre nous, je crois que politics is near at hand, there are those who
vous n'existez pas.'
by no means agree with Professor Garner in
Of the precariousness of his position, Mr. thinking that the resulting two-party system is
Holt is all too well aware; his insistence on the
essential to the normal and successful func-
plausibility of his solution of the problems of tioning of popular government, and that its
spiritism and immortality is politeness itself. absence tends to render the political life of a
Lest, however, his scientific humility should community stagnant and lacking in vitality.
seem to overreach itself, he is ever ready with Undoubtedly the South has a number of things
a corrective - an attenuated mysticism; nor the matter with it, but certainly the absence
is a tinge of satire wanting. We, in our of the two-party system is not one of them.
immeasurable wisdom, don't see how it [immor The two most interesting essays in the vol-
tality] can work — we don't see how a universe ume are those written by Professors Holland
that we don't begin to know, which already has Thompson, of the College of the City of New
genius and beauty and love, and which seems York, and William K. Boyd, of Trinity Col-
to like to give us all it can- birds, flowers,
- birds, flowers, lege, North Carolina. In a sane, unemotional,
sunsets, stars, Vermont, the Himalayas, and and scholarly way these two essays deal re-
Grand Canyon; which, most of all, has given spectively with "The New South, Economic
us the insatiable soul, can manage to give us and Social” and “Some Phases of Educational
immortality. Well! Perhaps we ought not to History in the South since 1865.” In a concise
be grasping --- ought to call all we know and but entirely illuminating manner, Professors
have, enough, and be thankful."
Thompson and Boyd analyze the various fac-
A scientist, however, who is so magnani tors that have helped or hindered the progress
mously hesitant about his science will surely
* STUDIES IN SOUTHERN HISTORY AND POLITICS. Inscribed
not fail, when hard pressed, to be equally non to William Archibald Dunning, Professor of History in Colum-
bia University, by his former pupils. New York: Columbia
belligerent about his romantic Universe and
University Press.


1915]
423
THE DIAL
of the South along economic or educational ate obviously unjust and unnecessary restric-
lines. It is indeed refreshing to find at least tions on the liberties of the negroes, Professor
two young southerners of undoubted talent Hamilton shows that the legislation in respect
and ability breaking away from the idea that to freedmen during the two years following the
everything of historical importance in their close of the war was on the whole a sincere, and
section concerns itself with the problems aris for the most part, an intelligent attempt to fix
ing out of slavery and its overthrow, and the legal and economic status of the four mil-
devoting themselves to matters of greater pres lion ex-slaves, who from the very nature of the
ent-day importance. In saying this the re case were destined to continue for a time at
viewer does not mean to disparage the other least in a position of actual inferiority to the
essays in the volume. It is certainly important great body of white people about them. In
and indeed necessary, both for the South and conclusion, Professor Hamilton expresses the
for the North, that the history of slavery and opinion that Blaine, in his " Twenty Years of
the Civil War should be rewritten by southern Congress," and many other writers have either
ers trained in historical research as the authors wilfully or ignorantly misrepresented the facts
of these essays have been trained. They have in giving as a reason for the radical recon-
approached their subjects not as partisan struction policy the prior enactment of the
southerners whose purpose it was to vindicate “black codes. He thinks that the radical
or defend, but rather with sympathy purged policy had been determined upon before the
of bias and sectionalism; and in this spirit black codes " were passed, and consequently
they have all succeeded in adding something of its shape was not much affected by these codes.
real scholarship to the body of southern his-However, by misrepresenting the codes and
torical literature.
distorting them before the public as a rebel
In the opening essay, on “ Deportation and attempt to reënslave the negroes, the Radicals
Colonization: An Attempted Solution of the were thereby enabled to make a great deal of
Race Problem," Professor W. L. Fleming of use of them in securing the success of their
Louisiana State University shows that though policy.
such a solution of the race problem has been The remaining essays of the volume are
advocated by people as prominent as Jefferson The Frontier and Secession” by Professor
and Lincoln and a great many others since C. W. Ramsdell, “French Consuls in the Con-
1770, the scheme has never had any sort of federate States” by Professor M. L. Bonham,
chance to succeed, due mainly to the opposition “Judicial Interpretation of the Confederate
of white employers of negro labor. Undoubt Constitution" by Professor S. D. Brummer,
edly there is a great deal of truth in Professor “Carpet-Baggers in the United States Senate"
Fleming's witty remark that “every white man by Professor C. Mildred Thompson, “Grant's
would be glad to have the entire black race Southern Policy” by Professor E. C. Wool-
deported - except his own laborers."
ley, “ The Federal Enforcement Acts” by Pro-
In “The Literary Movement for Secession," fessor W. W. Davis, “Negro Suffrage in the
Professor Ulrich B. Phillips of the University
South by Professor W. R. Smith, “Political
of Michigan maintains the thesis that “state Philosophy of John C. Calhoun ” by Profes-
rights, while often harped upon, were in the
sor C. E. Merriam, and Southern Political
main not an object of devotion for their own Theories" by Professor D. Y. Thomas. It is
sake; but as a means of securing southern a matter of regret that space does not permit
rights. State sovereignty was used to give the
of at least a brief analysis of these essays.
insignia of legality to a stroke for national Each of them is a distinct contribution to the
independence.” Professor Phillips arrives at subject treated, and anyone desiring a schol-
this conclusion from an exhaustive study of arly study of any of these subjects will find it
the southern pamphlet literature written dur-
in this volume. Those who would understand
ing the ten or twelve years preceding secession, the new spirit permeating the younger genera-
and thereby proves to be a fact what was often tion of southern historians will do well to read
suspected as having been the case.
this collection of "Studies in Southern His-
Professor J. G. de R. Hamilton of North tory and Politics."
BENJ. B. KENDRICK.
Carolina University, in “Southern Legislation
in Respect to Freedmen, 1865-1866," states
comprehensively and fairly for the first time
A new book by E. E. Somerville and Martin
the essence of all the southern “ black codes," Ross, entitled “ In Mr. Knox's Country,” will be
which, either from ignorance or crass partisan- published by Messrs. Longmans during the summer.
It takes us again to the district of South-Western
ship, have been very much misrepresented and
Ireland hunted by the hounds of which Flurry
misunderstood. From the southern point of Knox was Master. Some new characters are intro-
view, but with no attempt to excuse or extenu duced as well as many old friends.


424
[ May 27
THE DIAL
grows more tense and exciting with every
RECENT FICTION. *
added chapter.
Miss Ethel Dell, in “ The Keeper of the A really ingenious detective story, which
Door," once more brings us into the compan does not stretch the long arm of coincidence to
ionship of Nick Rateliffe, whose Indian ex-
a freakish length, and which does not contrive
ploits and rocky road of love held us breathless difficulties obviously insurmountable except by
in “ The Way of an Eagle.” He is now living impossible devices, offers one of the best forms
in England, a Member of Parliament, held in of entertainment. Such a story, supported by
immense respect for his Indian record. The crisp telling and swift dramatic action, is
position of hero in the new story is not, how found in Mr. Arthur Stringer's "The Hand of
ever, reserved for him, but is given to Max Peril.” It tells of the tracking of a gang of
Wyndham, a young physician, to whom many counterfeiters and forgers to their secret quar-
of his characteristics are transferred, while ters in Paris, Palermo, New York, and Rome,
his niece and pal, Olga Ratcliffe, provides the with their final discomfiture at the hands of a
book with an adorable heroine. The story is a secret service agent of the federal government.
very long one-made so by the wilderness of The extraordinary success of these rascals is
small talk which exasperatingly clogs its action due to the fine artistic faculty of a young
- and it is a long time before the narrative
woman, whom they have trained from her
gets anywhere. About midway, the scene youth as an expert with the brush, the pen,
shifts from England to India, where it remains and the engraving needle. Her forged docu-
almost until the end, and where some exciting ments and her plates are so carefully executed
things happen. Nick is sent by the govern- that they deceive all but the best qualified of
ment to look after the affairs of a rebellious
experts, and constitute a grave international
native state, and Olga goes with him. Still, peril. She does the work because she is in the
the interest even there is one of personal psy power of the arch-scoundrel, who poses as her
chology rather than of objective incident, al- father, and persuades her that she has been
though there is one episode of a tiger and guilty of murder. She is an unwilling but
another of a bomb. Max Wyndham is “the faithful tool of this villainy until she learns
keeper of the door " in a symbolical sense; that how she has been deceived. When Kestner, the
is, as a physician he has the power of life and
secret service man, gets on her trail, he discov-
death in his hands, and possesses the secret of ers in her a woman to be loved, and in their
a mysterious and potent drug referred to as first encounter she saves his life. After being
" the pain-killer," which figures in the plot in baffled many times in many parts of the world,
a very critical way. Overwrought with grief Kestner is at last successful in breaking up
for a girl-friend threatened with a hideous
the gang and in winning the woman. He is
form of insanity, Olga gives her the relief a detective of superhuman cunning and re-
which is death by an overdose of this medicine, sourcefulness, and has one hairbreadth escape
and then falls into a delirious illness which after another. The story is one which gives
obliterates from her mind all recollection of comforting attention to the details which are
what has happened. Later, malicious tongues
so apt to be neglected in fiction of this descrip-
persuade her that her friend's life has been tion, and the interest is absorbing.
lost through the unprofessional conduct of Mr. Warwick Deeping is an accomplished
Max, whereupon she breaks off her engage story-teller, but we could wish that he dealt
ment with him. The truth is revealed to her more with modern life than with the artificial
when she revisits the scene of the girl's death, conditions imposed by scenes and actions
and the gap in her memory is suddenly re placed in the remote past. In “Marriage by
paired. It is Max who triumphs in the end, Conquest,” we have no direct time-indications,
although Olga has meanwhile given her heart but we learn, by gradual degrees, and from
to his very engaging brother Noel, whose suf- various suggestions of costume and custom and
ferings in her service and eventual disappoint- social manner, that it is a story of the eight-
ment in her loss make a heavy draft upon our eenth century, in which the author has pre-
sympathies. The novel has an overplus of viously shown himself to be very much at
sentiment, and is spun out to much too great home. The scene is Sussex, and the leading
a length, but its interest is cumulative, and it characters are three in number. First, there is
Stella Shenstone, the widowed chatelaine of
* THE KEEPER OF THE DOOR. By Ethel M. Dell. New York:
Stonehill, young and beautiful, but hardened
A Novel of Adventure. By Arthur into cynicism by her experience of men. Then
there is her ferocious and unscrupulous wooer,
MARRIAGE BY CONQUEST. By Warwick Deeping. New York:
McBride, Nast & Co.
Sir Richard Heron of Rush Heath, who pur-
A Story of the Age of Discovery. By Elizabeth
Miller. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
sues her with insolent arrogance, and makes
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
THE HAND OF PERIL.
Stringer. New York: The Macmillan Co.
DAYBREAK.


1915]
425
THE DIAL
sumed name,
himself a terror to all other men who seek her
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS.
favor. Finally, there is John Flambard of
Chevrons, a gentleman by instinct and a The Baroness von Heyking, who wrote “ The Let-
scholar by choice, who comes unexpectedly into
ters Which Never Reached Him," has given a most
his English inheritance, and is very much out
interesting picture of Prussian domestic and diplo-
of place in the society of the loutish Sussex
matic life in her newer novel, “ Lovers in Exile”
gentry who are his neighbors. He wins the
(Dutton). After a purely conventional marriage
into a typical Junker family, the heroine meets and
love of the fair Stella, who recovers through
loves a young man in the ministry of foreign affairs.
his companionship her lost faith in mankind,
She has courage enough to divorce her disagreeable
and he meets the bullying pretensions of his husband and marry according to the dictates of her
rival with a fine display of moral courage rein heart. The vengeance of the Junkers follows him
forced by thews that make him a formidable in his career; and at last, after he is compelled to
antagonist. Sir Richard, who grows more and
bear the burden of an international blunder in what
more loathsome as his character is revealed, is
can be quite certainly identified as the Venezuelan
defeated in his machinations, and even the incident, he is driven into obscurity. It is a
well written story, and one of unusual interest
seeming success of his dastardly assault upon
the hero is turned to the credit of the latter, psychology.
to the many who are studying German national
when Stella rises magnificently to the occasion,
For “ The Valley of Fear” (Doran) Sir Arthur
and brings some stinging truths home to those
Conan Doyle has taken the resuscitated Sherlock
who have abetted the persecution of her lover. Holmes and given him a typical murder mystery
The scene in which she confronts the men who to solve in the first half of the interesting story.
have, at the malignant instance of the villain, For the latter half, he deals with the Molly
conspired to compass the humiliation of the Maguire atrocities of the 'seventies, the astute and
hero, is a fine example of vivid dramatic action. fearless James McParlan of the Pinkerton de-
The whole story is conceived in the romantic
tective agency figuring as the hero under an as-
spirit, and is related with both vigor and
the author evidently finding the
eloquence.
horrid realities disclosed at the trial of the prin-
cipals beyond any powers of invention he himself
The story of the Moors in Spain seemed to
possesses. Indeed, to a generation ignorant of the
us the sum of all romance in the days when facts, Dr. Doyle will be thought lacking in plausi-
Washington Irving was a best-seller. Since bility, so steeped in savagery were the Pennsyl-
his time, few romantic writers have ventured vania miners implicated and punished.
to intrude upon the domain which he made his old fashioned in the treatment of its characters
own, and the book called “ Daybreak," by Miss and its attitude toward life, Mrs. Amelia E. Barr's
Elizabeth Miller (Mrs. Hack) comes to us “The Winning of Lucia” (Appleton) has been
almost as a novelty. That the glamour of written quite evidently for that young person whom
those scenes and days has not faded beyond the we had supposed was shocked out of existence sev-
power of revivification is made evident by this
eral years ago. A young man with enough of the
brilliant romance of the time of Ferdinand devil in him to keep the devil out” loses Lucia to a
and Isabella and of the Genoese whose idée fire to be rather soft after great expectations had been
somewhat mephistophelian nobleman, who turns out
opened a new epoch in the world's history.
aroused concerning his hardness. After a series of
These are the figures that emerge from the postponements, both of betrothal and marriage, the
throngs that people the narrative, which is young man, having amassed a fortune in specula-
immediately concerned with the siege and fall | tion, marries the fair Lucia, also enriched by the
of Granada. The private romance is supplied nobleman's selection of her as his heiress. It is a
by the love of Don Beltran Ponce de Leon for
mild and uninjurious story.
a high-born damsel who is Ferdinand's ward, "Dr. Syn: A Smuggler Tale of Romney Marsh”
and who, for reasons of state, is to be forced (Doubleday) is a rollicking, murderous tale of the
into an unwilling marriage. But love laughs early years of the last century, in which the protag-
at locksmiths and all other persons who at-
onist, an old pirate disguised as a clergyman,
matches his wits against those of a King's officer
tempt to divert its course, and the close of
and is eventually worsted. There is nothing dis-
"Daybreak" finds the lovers escaped from
tantly resembling a normal human being in the
court and convent and Inquisition, the lady a narrative, and there is little done that any normal
refugee in Tangier, the hero a companion of being thinks could be done. The scene is as strange
Columbus on the Santa Maria. A brief final as the deeds set in it, the whole constituting a
chapter brings them together in the Moorish thorough-going melodrama of the most sensational
city, and it is left to be surmised that the only
sort.
vicissitudes yet in store for them are of the
M. Henry Bordeaux's story of “Les Roquevil-
marital description which romantic novelists,
lard” has been ably translated by Mr. Pitts Duffield
and given the title of “ The Will to Live" (Duf-
as a rule, are prudent enough to avoid.
field). It deals with the unity of an ancient family,
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. dishonored by a youthful son of the house; and the


426
( May 27
THE DIAL
66
collective grief of the kinsfolk is depicted with fine faculty seems in no wise to have stunted their
understanding and vigor. The disgrace comes from 'creative" energy. He dwells on their “in-
an elopement with a married woman, who takes the
cessant and passionate endeavour to hold up
dowry her elderly doting husband has settled upon
her. For revenge the deserted man accuses the
to their countrymen the great models of for-
youth of the theft. Eventually found not guilty eign literatures, in order to bring home to
through the father's eloquent plea in court, the
them the excellence of their own great writ-
whole circle of his relatives are compelled to suffer
ers,” their steadfast rejection of the mediocre
with him. The book will command both attention and ignoble," their “wholesome dread of
and respect.
pedantry” combined with their “steady pur-
Quite typically American are the attributes given suit of wisdom," their realization of the fact
by Mr. Holworthy Hall to the collegians who figure that individual “liberties” mean often collec-
in his “ Pepper” (Century Co.). The hero of the tive enslavement, their desire that their own
undergraduate episodes at Harvard here recounted countries should see themselves as others see
is from Chicago, which will perhaps account for his them and thus rise above “blind chauvinism."
being so successful in making money, both for him-
The reading of these men fills Mr. Pollak with
self in a moment of necessity and for others in their
want. He does not need it, ordinarily speaking,
grave fears that “the restlessness of modern
for his father is rich; but he has a wide fertility of
endeavour" in art and all other forms of life
resource which wins him the respect of his asso-
'betokens only weakness.” As one turns the
ciates and generally the affection of those whom he really liberating pages of this volume one is
so cleverly befriends. It is an entertaining work, tempted to make from it many fruitful though
bubbling over with the spirit of youth.
perhaps fantastic deductions: that the critic
As many bewildering incidents as can well be is the most international in spirit among all
crowded into the pages of a single short book make artists, as the poet has tended to be the most
Mr. John Selborne's “The Thousand Secrets” national; that imperialism and national alli-
(Kennerley) rather bewildering reading. It begins ances are but crude forms of cosmopolitanism
with a mysterious murder, almost immediately com-
viewed from the wrong side; that Oscar Wilde
plicated with international troubles between Great
Britain, where the scene is variously laid, and two
was, for the moment, wiser than any diplomat
other nations, pseudonymously named. A puny
when he said that we might well some day
love affair rather detracts from than adds to the
refuse to make war on France because of her
interest of the book, which is written quite frankly beautiful prose; that the critic is a truer
for purposes of mere pastime.
patriot than the imperialist because the im-
perialist thinks that his country has a divine
wisdom which she must crudely superimpose
upon the world, while the critic is so proud of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
his own country that he despises her limita-
To the rapidly increasing list of tions and would make her grow rich through
International
perspective books dealing with what will in the absorption of the best traits of her sister
in criticism.
due time come to be recognized countries, to find herself by losing herself, and
as a new genre in the fine art of literature, an
to discover that just as there is no real quarrel
admirable addition has lately been made in between egoism and altruism (for the indi-
Mr. Gustav Pollak's “International Perspec-
vidual must improve the community in order
tive in Criticism” (Dodd). The volume is a
to improve himself, and he cannot improve
well chosen compilation of extracts from himself without improving the community) so
Goethe, Grillparzer, Sainte-Beuve, and Lowell
there is no real contention between the group-
dealing with great figures in the literatures of individual, nationalism, and cosmopolitanism.
England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, with
the literature of antiquity, with definitions of
Richly gifted in mind and heart
a “classic,” and with philosophy and religion.
Fraternal
was the late Robert Hugh Ben-
memories.
For the most part these authors are allowed to
son, youngest of the three vari.
speak for themselves. But Mr. Pollak has ously accomplished brothers whose books are
some good things to say about Goethe's inter- widely read on both sides of the Atlantic.
national sympathies, Grillparzer's relentless Sons of the late Primate of the English
habit of severe self-scrutiny and steadfast Church, and of a mother who seems to have
belief in a drama of democracy, Sainte-Beuve's exerted a powerful influence for good over
alert curiosity and wide-ranging sympathies, her children, the three brothers could not fail,
and Lowell's admirable reconciliation of what so soon as their literary gifts had made them
are opposites to the small mind, patriotism and known to the larger world, to become objects
cosmopolitanism. At the close, in a section of interest to that world. Hence the certainty
called “Messages from the Masters," Mr. Pol of a general and cordial welcome to the volume
lak points out that in these men the critical" entitled “Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother”
97
--


1915]
427
THE DIAL
(Longmans), by Mr. Arthur Christopher Ben tions which fill the hearts of mankind. They
son, the eldest of the three. It is an affectionate, have been the rich and lavish material to which
graceful, admiring but by no means indis the learned composers have gone for themes
criminately laudatory tribute to the memory which could be worked
up
into imposing
of an interesting and lovable and strongly musical structures. They have voiced the
marked character; and the human quality of hopes, the fears, the aspirations of mankind
the book throughout, its attention to little from the earliest periods. They are to-day as
homely details, its success in making both the living as they ever were, and they constitute
boy Hugh and the purposeful man live and the music which everyone understands and
breathe before us, will win for it the praise which everyone enjoys. Mr. Upton thus ex-
accorded to all biography written with insight plains the purpose of his book : “In carrying
and carrying with it the sense of truth to real- out his scheme the author has confined his
ity. The more formal and detailed account selection and classes to song in the English
of Monsignor Benson's life and work, espe tongue, making little reference to songs of
cially in his character of priest, will appear other countries, except in chapters relating to
later from the hand of his friend and co their origin and evolution. He has also sought
religionist, Father C. C. Martindale, S.J. to trace the various functions of the song, and
Meanwhile the reader is admitted to some de to attempt to explain why some of the simplest
lightful intimacies by the brother who presents of the old songs live on, generation after gen-
this preliminary sketch. One brief passage eration, as fresh and forceful as when they
from the opening chapter, describing the home were written, while so many of the higher and
that Father Benson had acquired for himself more elaborate musical forms perish or are
in his later years, will make evident the variety soon forgotten. In a word, the writer has
of talents he possessed. “Everything in the sought to present the story, the psychology,
little domain took shape under his skilful hand and mission of the song, the oldest and most
and ingenious brain. He made most of the enduring form of music.” It would be easy,
tapestries in the house with his own fingers, in making such an effort, to become lost in the
working with his friend Mr. Gabriel Pippet, multiplicity of details and, while being ade-
the artist. He carved much of the panelling - quately encyclopædic, to fail sadly in keeping
he was extraordinarily clever with his hands. up the indubitable interest of the subject. No
He painted many of the pictures which hang such disaster has overtaken the present author.
on the walls, he catalogued the library; he Our enjoyment waxes as we proceed, and the
worked day after day in the garden, weeding, value of the book is enhanced by the manner
mowing, and planting.” Not the least of the of presentation,
of presentation. Our old favorites appear
book's charms is the striking manner in which unshorn of the attraction which they have
it incidentally reveals the extent to which always possessed. We learn a good deal of the
autobiography has entered into Robert Hugh peoples who have here so clearly and unre-
Benson's works of fiction, though this revela- servedly manifested themselves. We may not
tion is in no sense a surprise. The final im- entirely give ourselves up to their intense and
pression of the memoir is of one who high- sanguinary developments of patriotic devotion
heartedly and with intense earnestness entered to the fatherland; but for unhampered im-
into the tremendous game of life, and played | mersion in the domestic affections, for the
his part nobly and zestfully to the very end. delight in the simple amusements of daily
Glad did he live and gladly die, and he laid life, for the hymning of the higher experiences,
him down with a will. Of portraits and other we can have only sympathy and gratitude.
illustrations the book has no lack.
No more
The many who love the old songs will assur-
sincere or engrossing piece of writing has come edly give this book a cordial welcome.
from its author's pen.
Ten “studies of extravagance"
Studies and
The oldest and
Mr. George P. Upton has done
comprise nearly half of Mr. John
most enduring another good service for music Mr. Galsworthy. Galsworthy's latest volume, “The
form of music.
in his latest book, "The Song" Little Man, and Other Satires" (Scribner).
(McClurg). The subject is an especially in So vividly are they portrayed that the types
teresting one. The spontaneous utterance of depicted in these pen-sketches seem to stand
the race in music has been chiefly in the song. forth like so many bronze statues one has come
Among all nations have been found these free upon unexpectedly out in the open. Whole
expressions of feeling. They have varied in sentences linger in the mind long after the
form, in rhythm, in color, with the changing book is laid aside. For instance, there is the
skies under which they have been produced artist who declares that it does not matter
They have been embodiments of all the emo whether you have anything to express, so long
satires by


428
[ May 27
THE DIAL
66
as you express it; the young woman who flings practically all of it suggesting several differ-
open all the doors of life, and is so continually ent conclusions. Out of this confusion some
going out and coming in that life has con general results are emerging which point the
siderable difficulty in catching a glimpse of way for further investigation rather than
her at all; the perfect one who had heard of afford generalizations of sweeping import.
“the people.” and, indeed, at times had seen Dr. L. Doncaster, of King's College, Cam-
and smelt them; and the superlative whose bridge, has set forth these results in his
poet was Blake, whose novelist was Dostoiev Determination of Sex" (Putnam) in a criti-
sky, and whose playwright was Strindberg, for cal and constructive way, supplementing the
who else was there who had gone outside the data of others by his own interpretations and
range of normal, stupid, rational humanity, suggestions. His work is of necessity some-
and shown the marvellous qualities of the what technical and highly specialized, though
human creature drunk or dreaming? It is the glossary and the simplicity and clarity of
given to few artists to reveal the soul with his style will assist the non-technical reader
Mr. Galsworthy's penetration, to write with through the mazes of chromosomes, hetero-
his brilliance. "A Sim
“A Simple Tale," one of the
Tale," one of the zygotes, and
zygotes, and gynandromorphs. The topics
short stories of the volume, contains a weird discussed include the nature and functions of
and unforgettable character, near kin to Mr. sex, the stage of development at which sex is
Stone of “Fraternity" and the very shadow determined, sex-limited inheritance, the sex
of old age itself, who thinks himself the Wan ratio, identical twins, secondary sexual char-
dering Jew. The title piece is a whimsical acters, the transmission of secondary sexual
satire, having for its characters an English- characters, hermaphroditism, and the deter-
man and his wife, an American, a German, mination of sex in man. With regard to the
the Little Man, and a woman with two bundles last, the author inclines to the view that,
and a baby, who are waiting for their train on although the problem is far from solution,
an Austrian railway platform. The men are there is still hope for an ultimate victory.
trying to find a definition for true heroism.
Catastrophe befalls the Little Man, the only
Short and
Transitory but vivid glimpses of
one who attempts to put theory into practice; simple annals a succession of characters from
but Fate is at hand to throw in one of her of the poor.
common life make up the sub-
happy endings (she has robbed so many lives stance of “ Eight O'clock and Other Studies"
of them that she ought to have them to squan (Macmillan). by Mr. St. John G. Ervine.
der), and the curtain falls as the American Humble and to an unobservant eye uninter-
snaps his kodak on the sobered group. Just esting, these representatives of the poorer
what, we begin to wonder, is the significance classes in London, Dublin, County Antrim,
of all this? Can it be that Mr. Galsworthy is and elsewhere, become instinct with meaning
trying to say that it is just as heroic to lug a in the discerning author's hands; and the les-
baby and two bundles for a woman crying in son, or one of the lessons, that he unobtrusively
distress, as, let us say, to steer a Zeppelin and undidactically teaches is the pathetic
over - ? But we are on forbidden ground. dreariness of life to those unfortunates who
In a warning note the author states expressly have no inner resources of their own, while by
that the piece was written in 1913, and has implication the richness and wonderfulness of
nothing whatever to do, however darkly and existence to the uncramped soul are made to
deeply, with the Great War.
stand out in glowing relief. Amusing but
pitiful is the aspect of the bookseller's assistant
The perennial problem of the encountered by the writer in Kew Gardens
The problem
control of the determination of
of sex control.
and sounded with ludicrous lack of response
sex never loses interest, partly on various subjects, including books; and
because of its relations to the economic inter-
when a final desperate appeal was made to his
ests of the animal breeder and partly by rea ambition (if he had any), "for the first time a
son of its ever present appeal to parents. The look of yearning came into his eyes, and he
progress of biological inquiry into the struc stared steadily in front of him for a second or
ture and behavior of the sex cells, the trans so. 'Yes,' he said, after a little while, ‘some-
mission of hereditary characters from parents times I think it would be nice to have two
to children, and the application of the experi- pounds a week certain.'” Equally touching
mental method to the modification of sexual is the spectacle of Mr. Martin, a workingman
characters and to the control of sex among who has scraped together a competence and
animals, have brought to light a great mass retired from the drudgery of daily toil to the
of data, much of it obscure in its significance, tedium of perpetual idleness. To go "for å
not a little of it conflicting in character, and walk in the Square, and look at the shops," is
..


1915]
429
THE DIAL
of India, China,
The making
the utmost extent of his recreational capabili- of Hakluyt down into the last century, when
ties. Previous appearance of some of these the monopoly of the Company was taken from
sketches in such journals as the Manchester it and the need for maintaining a fleet of
* Guardian,” the London “Nation," "Sunday ships, most of them well armed against
Chronicle," "New Statesman,” and “Irish pirates, privateers, and the ships of European
Independent" is a sort of guarantee, if one enemies, ceased, — he buttresses the late Ad-
asks for it, of their good quality.
miral Mahan's theory of sea power from one
cover to another. There was fighting enough
The civilization
It is difficult to foresee what
form will be assumed by reports
in the old days, and on at least one occasion
and Japan.
the East Indiamen proved too powerful for
of the fortunate holders of Kahn
fellowships as their numbers increase with the
a French squadron. Something might have
been said about the various flags and ensigns
passing years. It is appalling to think of their
shown in the numerous pictures of these gal-
publication, if they once become fixed in type.
lant old craft, the more so as facing page
In fact, we are almost ready to declare that
no man should be allowed to go around the Washington's headquarters at Cambridge in
78 is a flag identical with the one flown at
world, unless he will bind himself not to pub- 1775, with the Union Jack and thirteen
after he returns. However, the latest report stripes, apparently red and white. The work
to the Kahn trustees need give no ground for
apprehension, inasmuch as it comes from the
Professor George M. Priest of
well known English writer, Mr. G. Lowes Dick-
of modern Princeton has written a lucid
inson, who has wisely refrained from describ Germany.
and interesting history of “Ger-
ing his journey in detail and has offered
instead some reflections on the general spirit less find many readers in the present posture
many since 1740” (Ginn), which will doubt-
and character of the civilization of India,
of international affairs. The difficult task of
China, and Japan; and the apparent and writing an historical narrative where there is,
probable effects upon these civilizations of for the most part, no one focal point, is here
contact with the West.” His essay, which is
divided into three parts and a conclusion, fills amalgamation of the scattered and impotent
solved with considerable skill. The slow
less than ninety rather small pages; but every
German states into one of the greatest powers
paragraph is thoughtful and suggestive. In
in human history may be followed clearly in
fact, the tiny volume contains much more
mental pabulum than is to be found in many
this book of two hundred pages, from which
bulkier productions, and is well worth read superfluous facts have been carefully elimi-
nated. The tone of the writer is sympathetic
ing. At the same time we ought to note that it
but critical. His detachment becomes espe-
will not offer much that is essentially new
cially observable in the latter part of the book,
to those who are familiar with the author's
“Appearances,” reviewed at some length in mercial and industrial development of Ger-
where he has to deal with the amazing com-
our issue of December 16 last. It is hardly
many which has imparted such a sinister
necessary to add that Mr. Dickinson's hand
materialistic aspect to life there. The worship
has lost nothing of its cunning, and that the
of force, a legacy from Bismarck, has been
essay is a delightful example of style. (Dou-
further fostered by this consciousness of eco-
bleday, Page & Co.)
nomic strength, and has tended to overshadow
The old sailing ships which
other elements in the German character. Its
chapters in the found their finest type at last in
fruition is the present war, for which Ger-
annals of the sea.
American “clippers” have their
many is, in the author's opinion, only proxi-
counterpart in English nautical history in mately to blame, the fundamental guilt being
“The Old East Indiamen,” to which Lieuten- shared, at least to some extent, by the other
ant E. Keble Chatterton, R.N.V.R., devotes great powers of Europe.
great powers of Europe. For the general
an entertaining and fully illustrated volume
reader, Professor Priest's book is the most
(Lippincott). Previous works by the same
commendable account extant of the develop-
writer attest both his interest and his qualifi-
ment of what is just now the most interesting,
cations; and in his new book he has added a
though not the best beloved, country in the
world.
series of chapters to the annals of the sea
which needed to be particularized. Begin-
The abhorrence which most peo-
ning with the first operations of the East
ple instinctively exhibit towards
reptiles.
India Company, after a survey of the voy-
snakes, lizards, and salamanders
ages and discoveries that made the Company does not seem to reduce popular interest in
possible, - carrying his tale from the pages these long since decadent groups of the lower
Some romantic
Among the


430
( May 27
THE DIAL
vertebrates. The reptile house at the zoologi- indispensable handbook for students of the
cal garden is full of attraction, not only modern drama, goes without saying. An
because of its potentialities in hair-raising anthology of this kind is in itself so much a
thrills but also because of its varied interests pioneer, so much an innovation, and it con-
which increase greatly with acquaintance. tains so much that is admirable, that to quarrel
Mr. E. G. Boulenger's volume entitled “Rep- with its contents were like holding a grudge
tiles and Batrachians" (Dutton) is based against the gods for having led us out into the
upon the author's experience as curator of open road, where we expected only a path.
the famous collection of lower vertebrates in
the Zoological Gardens of the Zoological So-
ciety in Regent's Park, London. It gives a
BRIEFER MENTION.
general account of the classification of these
We are glad to note that Mr. Robert Frost's vol-
two groups of animals, with a brief discussion
ume of verse, “North of Boston," the English
of the more interesting facts of natural his edition of which we reviewed in our issue of Oct. 1
tory pertaining to the representative reptiles, last, has been published in this country by Messrs.
the crocodiles, alligators, lizards, slowworms, Henry Holt & Co. An American edition of Mr.
turtles, tortoises, and snakes of the world, and
Frost's first volume, “A Boy's Will,” is also issued
likewise of the amphibians including the frogs,
at the same time by the same publishers.
toads, tree-toads, salamanders, and water pup-
Interest in the West, in this year of the exposi-
pies. It discusses distribution, food and feed- tion, is not limited to California. Those who plan
ing habits, life history, behavior, poison fangs
to visit America's only “geyser land” and desire a
and poisons, and breeding habits, affording a
complete historical and descriptive guide to the
region, will find what they seek in General Hiram
mine of trustworthy information on a wide
M. Chittenden's “ The Yellowstone National Park"
range of forms. The book deals with leading
(Stewart & Kidd Co.), now revised and enlarged
species from all continents, and includes a con and brought thoroughly up to date.
siderable number of American species. It is New revised editions, in both instances the third,
illustrated with one hundred and seventy-six of Mr. Hubert Howe Bancroft's “ The New Pacific
plates, mostly reproductions from original and “Retrospection ” have recently been published
photographs of living animals made by Mr. by the Bancroft Co. The interest of the veteran
W. S. Berridge.
Californian in men and institutions and problems
of the day remains undiminished, and his comments
Professor Thomas H. Dickinson are no less fearless or illuminating than of old.
An anthology has made a judicious selection The two volumes are issued together in a box.
of modern plays.
of plays for his anthology of A textbook on advertising that deals with the
“ Chief Contemporary Dramatists” (Hough- economic, psychological, and physical factors of the
ton). Allowing for the exigencies of copyright, subject, as well as principles of artistic arrange-
of author's permission in several cases, of
ment and composition in the preparation of
accessibility in translation, the dramas in-
“copy,” has been prepared by Messrs. Harry
cluded are as nearly representative as any
Tipper, Harry L. Hollingworth, George Burton
Hotchkiss, and Frank Alvah Parsons, each one of
group so arbitrarily chosen could possibly be.
whom is qualified by experience and training for
By a somewhat daring and curious turn of his task and is an expert in his field. A distinctive
logic, the editor explains that Ibsen was omit feature of the volume is the outline of an advertis-
ted because he is too much the pioneer of the ing campaign in actual operation. Elaborate illus-
contemporary movement, too fully its source
trations of successful display advertising are
and exemplar. The omission of representative
included. (New York: The Ronald Press Co.)
plays by Shaw and Barrie is enforced. En-
A second edition of “Routledge's New English
glish drama is represented by Wilde, Pinero,
Dictionary of the English Language,” edited by
Jones, Galsworthy, and Barker; Irish by
Mr. Cecil Weatherley, has been issued by Messrs.
Dutton. Some of its features are: condensation
Yeats, Synge, and Lady Gregory; American
secured through judicious grouping of derivatives
by Fitch, Moody, Thomas, and MacKaye; with the vocabulary word, which has resulted in
Norwegian by Björnson, Swedish by Strind the elimination of unnecessary definitions; the
berg, and Russian by Tchekhov; German by inclusion of all the principal new terms in the
Hauptmann and Sudermann; and French and sciences and the applied and fine arts, of modern
Belgian by Brieux, Hervieu, and Maeterlinck.
colloquial slang both English and American, and
Serious plays predominate; but the editor
of idiomatic words with their usages; and the
forestalls any criticism on this point by sug.
ready use for sources of the “Encyclopædia Bri-
tannica” and such dictionaries as the “ Oxford
gesting that it is not his fault but the fault of
English," the “ Century," and the latest edition of
The volume is carefully edited in
Webster's “International.” Convenient in size,
detail; its notes are concise; its bibliographies and clear in typography, the volume forms a most
are brief but adequate. That it will prove an desirable reference book for the desk or library.
the age.
-


1915]
431
THE DIAL
NOTES.
“German Philosophy and Politics,” by Profes-
sor John Dewey, traces for the unprofessional
Mrs. Josephine Daskam Bacon's new novel, reader the development of classical German philos-
“ Open Market,” will be issued immediately by ophy from Kant to Hegel. The volume will be
Messrs. Appleton.
issued immediately by Messrs. Holt, who will also
Sir Gilbert Parker's forthcoming novel, which publish next month a new one-volume edition,
will be published in the autumn, will be entitled revised, of Mr. L. T. Hobhouse's book, “ Morals in
“ The Money Master."
Evolution.”
Mr. Ford Madox Hueffer's book on the war, Among forthcoming books from the Oxford Uni-
“When Blood Is Their Argument,” will be pub-versity Press will be “ Some Love Songs of
lished in this country by Messrs. Doran.
Petrarch,” translated and annotated by Dr. W. D.
General Joffre's only book, “My March to Tim Foulke, who has also contributed a lengthy memoir
buctoo,” has been translated and an English edition of the poet by way of introduction. Only a portion
will be issued immediately by Messrs. Stokes. of the canzoniere is included, Dr. Foulke having
The third volume of “ The Standard Cyclopedia
omitted all which did not seem to him to represent
Petrarch at his best.
of Horticulture," edited by Mr. L. H. Bailey, is
ready for immediate issue by the Macmillan Co. Three new volumes are in preparation for the
Mrs. Mary Hastings Bradley's story of war and
“Quest Series,” edited by Mr. G. R. S. Mead and
The
love, The Splendid Chance,” is announced by published by the Macmillan Co. They are
Messrs. Appleton for issue before the end of the
Ethical and Social Significance of Personality" by
month.
Professor William Brown, Catholic Mysticism
by Baron Friedrich Von Hugel, and “ The Inter-
We are sorry to report that it has been found
pretation of Nature from Aristotle to Bergson
necessary to discontinue the publication of the
by Professor J. Arthur Thomson.
“ Harvard Architectural Quarterly,” two complete
volumes of which have been issued.
Mr. A. P. Goudy, Lecturer in Russian in the
University of Cambridge, and Mr. E. Bullough, of
Mr. B. Russell Herts, author of “ Depreciations,"
Gonville and Caius College, are editing for the
has prepared a volume on The Decoration and
Furnishing of Apartments," which Messrs. Putnam
Cambridge University Press a series of Russian
texts, each volume to consist of about 750 pages,
have in train for publication in June.
with notes and vocabulary. The first three vol-
A volume entitled "An Eye Witness's Narrative
umes of the series will be Pushkin's “Godunov,"
of the War” will be published immediately by Tolstoy's “Sevastopol,” and Dostoevsky's “ Poor
Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. It is described as People."
a commentary on the operations and achievements
A second series of studies of “ French Novelists
of the British Expeditionary Force.
of To-day,” by Miss Winifred Stephens, is soon to
There will be published at once in England a
appear. An introduction will deal with the French
book of “ Memorials of Mgr. Benson," by Blanche
novel on the eve of the war, and the change that has
Warre Cornish, Shane Leslie, and others of his
come over the life and literature of France during
friends. It is to be issued uniformly with Mgr.
the last twenty years. Separate chapters are de-
Benson's volume of collected poems.
voted to Marcelle Tinayre, Romain Rolland, Jean
A new collection of poems by Mr. G. K. Chester Tharaud, Jérôme Tharaud, René Boylesve, Pierre
ton is soon to be published. This book will contain Mille, and Jean Aicard. As in the earlier series, the
war poems, including “ Lepanto”; love poems; bibliographies at the beginning of the studies are
religious poems; ballades; and section of not restricted to works of fiction.
“Rhymes for the Times,” serious and gay.
An edition of Henry Vaughan's poems, to be
Into a volume entitled “A German-American's
published shortly by the Oxford University Press,
Confession of Faith,” Professor Kuno Francke will contain as an appendix eleven of Vaughan's
has gathered the papers he has written and the letters which have been recently discovered. They
addresses he has delivered upon the great war and were written to John Aubrey and Anthony Wood,
its problems. It will be published at once by Mr. and they add something to our knowledge of a poet
B. W. Huebsch.
about whose biography less has hitherto been known
The first three volumes in the " * Mind and than about any of the other Caroline or Jacobean
Health Series,” to be published shortly, are poets of his rank. Mr. L. C. Martin, who edits the
“Human Motives," by Professor James Jackson volume, has also made the first authentic collation
Putnam; “ The Meaning of Dreams,” by Dr.
of the text of the poems.
Isador H. Coriat; and “Sleep and Sleeplessness,"
Edward Cook, a prominent member of the old-
by Mr. H. Addington Bruce.
time publishing fraternity of Chicago, died on the
Mrs. Rosa Newmarch, author of a recent book 20th inst.,