o-Irish Essays," by John Eglinton; and “French Literary Studies, by T. B. Rudmose-Brown, of the University of Dublin. The early May publications of Robert M. McBride & Co. include: "Interned in Germany," by H. C. Mahoney; “Patenting and Promoting Inventions,” by M. H. Avram; and “Finding the Worthwhile in the Southwest,” by Charles Francis Saunders. The Macmillan Co. recently took over the book business of the Outing Publishing Co. The price of the “Outing Hand Books” has been raised from 80 cts. to $1. each, and that of the “Adventure Library” from $1. to $1.25 a volume. Owing to a misunderstanding, the "Spring Educa- tional List” published in The Dial for April 11 included the "Complete United States Infantry Guide,” arranged by Major James K. Parsons, and ascribed it to the wrong publisher. It was published in 1917 by the J. B. Lippincott Co. The Putnams announce two publications of the Cambridge University Press: "Materials for the Study of the Bábí Religion,” compiled by Edward G. Browne, and "The Book of Joshua" (in the Revised Version), with introduction and notes by G. A. Cooke, an addition to “The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges." William E. Keily, Public-Utility Relations, 72 West Adams Street, Chicago, Illinois, desires to purchase Vol. III of the “Journal of the American Electrical Society,” which consists of the fifth annual number and bears the date 1880. He will appreci- ate any information calculated to help him in his search for an available copy. Late April issues of Dodd, Mead & Co. included: "Europe's Fateful Hour," by Gugielmo Ferrero; "Japan at First Hand," by Joseph I. C. Clarke; "Beyond the Rhine," by Marc Henry; "Out There," a play by J. Hartley Manners; and "Tales of Wartime France," French short stories trans- lated by William L. McPherson. New additions to Boni & Liveright's "Modern Library" “Bertha Garlan, by Arthur Schnitzler; Voltaire's “Candide,” with an introduc- tion by Philip Littell; “Irish Fairy and Folk Tales,' by W. B. Yeats; Gissing's “The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft,” with an introduction by Paul Elmer More; Max Beerbohm's “Zuleika Dobson," with an introduction by Francis Hackett; a selec- tion of short stories from Balzac; and two volumes of reproductions, from Rodin and from Beardsley. The Century list for May contains, in addition to Professor Ross's “Russia in Upheaval”; “The Wonders of Instinct,” chapters in the psychology of insects, by Jean Henri Fabre; “The Roots of the War,” a survey of European history, 1870-1914, by William Stearns Davis; "Flashes from the Front,” war correspondence by Charles H. Grasty, with a foreword by General Pershing; “Keeping Our Fighters Fit,” by Edward Frank Allen; “The War-Whirl in Washington,” by Frank Ward O'Malley; and two novels—"The Happiest Time of Their Lives," by Alice Duer Miller, and “Caste Three," by Gertrude M. Shields. WHERE THE SOULS of MEN ARE CALLING By LIEUT. CREDO HARRIS are: -a vivid chapter from the battle front of France- more strange, more pow- erful than fiction. THE FIRST BIG LOVE STORY TO COME OUT OF THE WAR All Bookstores $1.35 net BRITTON PUBLISHING COMPANY 464 [May 9 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS “ Gertie Swartz ” Fanatic or Christian? By Helen R. Martin Author of "Those Fitzenbergers" Is it Christian to spend money to make workmen happy-or is it merely fanaticism? That is the problem that a Pennsylvania Dutch family has to face when the head of the house dies. It is a problem that makes this a most entertaining story of contrasting types and conflicting wills against the quaint background of local speech. NET, $1.40 Aliens By William McFee Author of "Casuals of the Sea" [The following list, containing 116 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] FICTION. The Threshold of Quiet. By Daniel Corkery. 12mo, 310 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.50. Professor Latimer's Progress. A Novel of Contem- poraneous Adventure. Illustrated, 12mo, 347 pages Henry Holt & Co. $1.40. Drift. By Mary Aldis. Illustrated, 12mo, 355 pages. Duffield & Co. $1.50. The Statue in the Wood. By Richard Pryce. 12mo, 379 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50. Peasant Tales of Russia. By V. I. Nemirovitch- Dantchenko. Translated by Claud Field. Illus. trated, 12mo, 185 pages. Robert M. McBride & Co. $1.25. The Secret of the Marne: How Sergeant Fritsch Saved France. By Marcel Berger and Maude Berger. 12mo, 361 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. The High Romance. By Michael Williams. 12mo, 350 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.60. Mrs. Marden's Ordeal. By James Hay, Jr. With frontispiece, 12mo, 307 pages. 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By Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske. New popular edition. 12mo, 411 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. Handbook of Northern France. By William Morris Davis. Illustrated, 16mo, 174 pages. Harvard University Press. $1. Health for the Soldier and Sailor. By Professor Irving Fisher and Dr. Eugene Lyman Fisk. 16mo, 148 pages. Funk & Wagnalls Co. 60 cts. Just Behind the Front in France. By Noble Foster Hoggson. Illustrated, 12mo, 171 pages. John Lane Co. The author of the 1916 literary event, “Casuals of the Sea,” has re- written this exceptional study of a sin- ister personality. The most interesting feature of the book is the central fig- ure, who never comes directly before the reader yet the effect of his physi- cal and moral, or better, perhaps, immoral influence, never escapes the story. It is an interesting commentary on founding a family (in the English sense). The fascination of suspense is enriched by a splendid humor. NET, $1.50 DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK 1918] 465 THE DIAL NEW BOOKS OF PRESENT IMPORTANCE Militarism and Statecraft Munroe Smith Prof. of Jurisprudence, Columbia Univ. 12° $1.50 These brilliant studies of the German mind are referred to by Viscount Bryce in expressions of the warmest admiration. He calls the papers "a permanent contribution to history." Democracy and the War John Firman Coar Prof. at the University of Alberta, Canada. 12° $1.25 A pertinent discussion of the issues involved in the world struggle, including religious as well as political democracy. France, England and European Democracy Charlos Cestro Prof. à la Faculté des Lettres de Bordeaux. Large 8º $2.50 An extremely clever historical survey covering the two nations' relations from the 13th to the 20th centuries. The Science of Power Benjamin Kidd Author of “Social Evolution,” etc. 12° $1.50 A powerful posthumous work of reconstruction by the famous author of "Principles of Western Civilization.” The A. E. F.: With Pershing's Army in France. By Heywood Broun. With frontispiece, 12mo, 298 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Over Periscope Pond. By Esther Sayles Root and Marjorie Crocker. Illustrated, 12mo, 295 pages. Houghton Miffin Co. $1.50. Over Here. By Hector MacQuarrie. With frontis- piece, 12mo, 243 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.35. The Adventures of Arnold Adair, American Ace. By Laurence La Tourette Driggs. Illustrated, 12mo, 335 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.35. A Soldier Unafraid: Letters from the Trenches of the Alsatian Front. By_Captain Andre Cornet- Auquier. Translated by Theodore Stanton. 12mo, 110 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1. Attack. By Edward Liveing. Introduction by John Masefield. 12mo, 114 pages. The Macmillan Co. 75 cts. My German Correspondence. By Prof. Douglas W. Johnson. 12mo, 97 pages. George H. Doran Co. 50 cts. “Speaking of Prusslank" By Irvin S. Cobb. With frontispiece, 12mo, 80 pages. George H. Doran Co. 60 cts. Our Boys Over There. 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Brilliantly written, a keen intellectual delight. The characters are irrestible." The Chicago Daily News says: “May fairly be called an American 'Mr. Britling,' and as such it is particularly good.” REKINDLED FIRES BY JOSEPH ANTHONY. Color frontispiece, $1.40 net. Here is a remarkable new novel by a young American realist. The theme is youth and Americanization; the story is of Old World ideals rekindled on hearths, as shown in the fine relation between an Old World father and a New World son. The scene is a village on the edge of the Jersey meadows. There is humor, broad humanity and a touch of romance. new HOPE TRUEBLOOD BY PATIENCE WORTH. Edited by CASPAR S. Yost. $1.50 net. In this new novel of mid-Victorian days with its pervading sense of dark mystery, Patience Worth abandons her archaic dialect, and writes in modern English. The story is of Hope Trueblood, born in a little English village without the knowledge of father, and suffering all that this stain inflicts in such a community. The inter- play of emotion, suspense and quiet humor make for unusually sustained interest. a HENRY HOLT AND CO. WE Wome the Street 19 West 44th YORK CITY PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-OSWALD PRINTING CO., CHICAGO. THE DIAL VOLUME LXIV No. 767 MAY 23, 1918 CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O . ARTIST AND TRADESMAN Lord Dunsany 473 The PUBLIC LIBRARY AND THE Public PUBLIC Need Babette Deutsch 475 IN DEDICATION Verse Leslie Nelson Jennings . 477 A GORDON CRAIG FROM BROADWAY Kenneth Macgowan . 478 OUR LONDON LETTER. Edward Shanks 480 DESIRABLE RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBOR- HOOD Verse Clara Shanafelt 481 LA PEUR DE LA VIE Harold Stearns 482 A NOVELIST TURNED PROPHET Louis Untermeyer 483 The Rich STOREHOUSE OF CROCE's THOUGHT J. E. Spingarn 485 OUR ENEMY SPEAKS Randolph Bourne . 486 The "SAGE AND SERIOUS" POET R. E. Neil Dodge · 487 MAY SINCLAIR, SENTIMENTALIST Herbert J. Seligmann 489 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 490 The Virgin Islands of the United States of America.—The Language of Color.- Furniture of the Olden Time.—Ninety-Six Hours' Leave.—Two Summers in the Ice Wilds of Eastern Karakoram.-A Cycle of Sonnets.-Sonnets, and Other Lyrics.—The Psychology of the Future.—A Year of Costa Rican Natural History. --Hugo Grotius.—Over Here.—Forecasting the Yield and the Price of Cotton.- South-Eastern Europe. On the Headwaters of the Peace River.-A Soldier's Memories. CASUAL COMMENT 496 BRIEFER MENTION. . 498 COMMUNICATION . 500 The Oxford Method in English Instruction. NOTES AND News 501 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 503 . . . . . . . . . . GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor HAROLD E. STEARNS, Associate Contributing Editors CONRAD AIKEN VAN WYCK BROOKS H. M. KALLEN RANDOLPH BOURNE PADRAIC COLUM Kenneth MACGOWAN ROBERT Dell HENRY B. FULLER CLARENCE BRITTEN The Dial (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly, twenty-four times a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. For- eign subscriptions $3.50 per year. Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892 at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1918, by The DIAL Publishing Company, Inc. Published by The DIAL Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel, Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. 472 [May 23, 1918 THE DIAL Mary S. Watts' New Novel (Third Edition Now Ready) THE BOARDMAN FAMILY "An achievement in realistic fiction Her portraits are real people. sane She is both artist and realist, consistent, vigorous and exceedingly interesting and excellent."-N. Y. Times. $1.50 FOE-FARRELL Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch'. New Novel A novel with a highly original plot, full of dra- matic incidents, worked out with consummate skill and artistic subtilty. $1.50 IN THE FOURTH YEAR H. G. 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In this new book, the author of “The Harbor" has written another brilliant story of American life. “His Second Wife" again combines freshness of treatment with depth of feeling and sincerity. $1.50 THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, New York , When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. THE DIAL a fortnightly Journal ot Criticism and Discussion of Literature and The arts Artist and Tradesman* > last year. ever. Thank you very much for your kind ventions as emotion. They are the men letter and please thank the Dunsany whose disinterested purpose is to “provide Dramatic Circle from me: tell them Í what the public wants,” they always pla- am most grateful to them for their appre- giarize the play that pleased the basest ciation, a thing denied to so many poets part of the mind of the greatest number during their lifetime. It is indeed most But because the publicate generous of them, for there is no law to oranges in the gutter last night, it does compel any one to pay the simple debt of not want the peel (with a few chemicals appreciation, if it is indeed due, and almost added) put before it as marmalade for- immemorial custom would support them in not paying it—yet. When a poet is dead But the artists are the rulers of the his death certificate is regarded as a kind generations. They are the only people to of invoice, and people say, "Now we must whom it is worth giving advice, and the , give him the thanks that we owe him." only people who don't need it. So what Even your letter too might well have come can I say to them? Merely idle thoughts at such a time, for it was written on the as they run through my mind. . day on which I had long expected to go to A play is made of sincerity, with that the front, in which I was disappointed kink in its tail that we call the dramatic, only at the last moment. and style. One can say nothing of style Well, you ask me for "advice to aspir- except that a man's own style is the only ing playwrights”; so I will try to do as you one for him to write in; it grows with him please out of common gratitude, although and changes with him and is a part of him. I would sooner not, for it is presumptuous One can't write in another man's style- of me to offer advice and really I know that is his job: it's like trying to do your nothing of the stage. I know that my own plumbing, which may annoy the dreams have got on to the stage, but that plumber and in any case isn't a bit like is not because I knew anything of its rules plumbing when it is done. Style is the but because the march of dreams is irre- expression of your own sincerity. There sistible, the mightiest things on earth. is not one Truth in the world, nor one Now there are two kinds of playwrights world. In one drop of water there are (indeed all writers are divided into two many heavens reflected, according to where kinds, quite distinct)—tradesmen and you stand and look at it. In the same way artists. many truths shine on the human mind and The first are the more numerous, the are reflected back by it. One man says, more rich; they are the rulers of the time. “Russia is like this”; another says, “It is (I mean by tradesmen the men whose in- like that”; and another says, “It is like spiration is money.) To them I would another thing”—all speaking the truth as And the fool writes a say, "Try painting pieces of lead yellow they've seen it. and selling them in the street as gold book called “Russia as it Really Is,” think- bricks.” Money can be made that way and it is money they need. I know it is an old trick, but no older nor more trans- letter (a permission previously granted by its owner), Lord Dunsany explained the tardiness of his reply as follows: "I parent than theirs; above all it is more honest to sell lead for gold than to sell stale phrases as thought, and false con- *A letter written to the Dunsany Dramatic Circle in response to a request for advice to "aspiring playwrights." In writing THE DIAL, granting permission to publish the ing, and discussing subjects like the creation of the world was in the Hindenburg Line at the time and the place was not propitious to the mood of letter-writing, which comes of leisure ; and we occupied our leisure there in eating, sleep- and modern politicians and how to keep flies out of jam." 474 [May 23 THE DIAL any bushel. ing there can be only one manifestation of low born" (the words have a pleasant one thing to all the world forever. sound to me as I recall them) and "who- Sincerity is a great force in all work ever be thy gods, whether they punish and is too great a light to be hidden under thee or whether they bless thee." ” Yes, (I get near truisms now.) that is in a new and unknown country right All men have sincerity and it flashes forth enough where people speak like that, and from their work. The man that tries to it is in an unknown country that I laid cheat you on the race course and the man the play. But the construction is bad, that writes advertisements of poisonous though the atmosphere is all right. It was drugs have sincerity: their sincere purpose a very early play and I had the inspiration is to get your money, and this purpose is of a king sitting on the ground in rags eat- seen in their style just as the same purpose ing, his bone, and built the play on that, is seen in the tradesman's play, with his eye which is rather like building a roof and the all the while on the box-office. house afterwards—but you do do in America, The message of most modern plays is don't you? Then there is "The Golden "Give Me Money.” But the message of Doom,” rather slight I fear; but there cer- a work of art is too complex to be put tainly is a truth in that, the very little hav- into a few words or into a few sentences, ing its share in events as much as the very a or into words any shorter than the length great, as an inch of a rope is as important of the work itself even if it is an epic. as a mile of it. I liked the start of that play, There are millions who would say of Ham- I remember—the feeling of oppression, al- let, "What is it all about ?" and expect to most of doom, and the sentry sighing, “I be told in half a minute what it took would that I were swimming down the Shakespeare himself many months to Gyshon, on the cool side, under the fruit- write. trees.” But there is only one of the five I am not my own master till this war with which I am content. I love the "Gods is won, and being often interrupted I find of the Mountain.” “And the doom found it difficult to write a consecutive letter. him on the hills at evening"-I remember But the gist of my impertinence, for it is how that pleased me, and the despairing impertinent to offer advice to artists, is cry "Rock should not walk in the evening. “ sincerity of purpose and the certainty that But I have two plays better than that, the worker's purpose is revealed in every a four-act tragedy and a rather short three- work. I mean let them not call grass act one; and a one-act play about equal to purple if they think it green—in order to it—all unacted yet and unprinted; and a appear daringly original; or green if they two-act play called “The Tents of the think it purple—in order to please the Arabs" ("Plays of Gods and Men.” public who believe it to be green. An Luce), perhaps a little more poetical than artist in fact must be true to his own dramatic, which was acted in Paris and inspiration- Manchester; and a three-act comedy; and And it must follow as the night the day another one-act play; besides two one-act Thou canst not then be false to any man. I think you can only have seen my "Five plays that I don't care for and don't wish staged. Plays” (Kennerley). Of these “The Please bow for me to the Circle that Glittering Gate” is without beauty, being has honored me and say that if ever their written in cockney dialect; “The Lost Silk fancies have found pleasure in playing by Hat" is frivolous; and “King Argimenes,” strange seas to which I have led them for though it has a pleasant beginning-a a moment, your letter has well repaid me. king in rags gnawing a bone-rather falls away from that inspiration and does not Yours, and theirs, gratefully, climb up as it should to a great climax, DUNSANY. or in stage parlance “a good curtain." Yet Ebrington Barracks there are certainly things in it I like myself, Londonderry such as “the tear-song, the chaunt of the Ireland. > 1918] 475 THE DIAL The Public Library and the Public Need Greece fell because she did not know point of location, so it answers them in the difference between a museum and a the arrangement of its interior and in the bank. This illuminating diagnosis of Pro- complete flexibility of its system. It was fessor Zimmern's applies not merely to started on the assumption that a vital need the ancient world; it also has a significance of business is access to unbound literature for contemporary America. All over the of no more than immediate value. The country are store-houses of information, twelve years of its history have meant the but these public libraries are in the nature rich accumulation of material of this of the Greek "liturgy," monuments of nature: directories, domestic and foreign, local interest. In hardly any sense are of localities, and of trades and professions; they national banks of thought. For reports of the New York Stock Exchange the gold standard of intellectual life and of transactions in local securities; is scientific knowledge, and its currency maps of all sizes and descriptions—rural should be available not merely to the stu- delivery maps, soil maps, local and general dent preparing his thesis in solitary en- atlasesbooks and periodicals dealing thusiasm, but likewise to the citizen with business administration; and techni- working for a healthy government, to the cal books and journals accessible to the business man who wants knowledge of Branch through two daily deliveries from other men's experience, to that too large the Technical Department of the Main majority of our population which has not Library; The large maps are arranged had any organized learning since the on labeled shade rollers; the smaller ones meagre offering of the public schools. in a vertical file, so that they are as con- Who will maintain that our libraries now venient as cards in a catalogue. Pam- successfully perform all of these functions ? phlets crowd the open shelves. These are There are, of course, isolated instances classified by strips of colored paper, which of libraries which accomplish great things. indicate each leaflet's alphabetical and topi- Two typical examples are the Business cal place. At the information desk an Branch of the Newark Public Library, attendant is ready to give assistance either established by John Cotton Dana over ten in the Branch itself or by telephone. From years ago, and the Carnegie Library of its alluring show-window to the small room Pittsburgh, which is said by one of its holding its free typewriter, the Branch pre- former workers to be "twenty years ahead sents a serviceable attraction to the busi- of its public.” ness men of this growing city. It repre- The Newark Public Library has had sents to them what the consulting engineer the advantage of a gradual growth that is to a huge plant, or a consulting physi- other libraries, such as the one in New cian to a troubled practitioner. Last year York, which is the largest in the country, the cost of the Branch was only four per have lacked. The Newark library, de- cent of the total expenditure, but its value veloping with its city, has been able to to its clientèle is probably inestimable. make itself an integral part of civic life. Similarly, the Carnegie Library of Pitts- It circulates not merely books but pictures burgh attempts to make itself an aggres- and exhibits of all sorts, to the great bene- sive social force. It does not limit itself fit of the schools. These loan collections to any single group in the community, but are distinct from the exhibitions continually spreads a network over the city—in fac- maintained for the visiting public. But it tories, schools, homes, and civic centres. is the Business Branch that is of signal Altogether it has over two hundred agen- importance. This is located in the very cies, only eight of which are conventional core of the business district. Within a branch libraries. Coöperation between the radius of three blocks are nearly all the schools and the library is probably closer offices of this city of 400,000. As the in Pittsburgh than in any other city of its library meets the needs of its clientèle in size. Not merely are the children taught 476 [May 23 THE DIAL X sources. to use the library, but the library provides these types of workers, however, is desir- college classes, study groups, and clubs able in the reference departments. There with elaborate reference material, even to the need is for men as well as women the extent of printed bibliographies. Un (ability as a librarian has not yet been a community largely immigrant, hetero- proven a sex-link characteristic) who are geneous, and diffident, it is an educative capable of scholarly research and sym- instrumentality of the first order. pathetic collaboration. There are a few Yet such instrumentalities are shining such people in the library today, but they exceptions. For too long a period the are either underpaid or undervalued, and library, like a sinking ship, has provided sometimes both. for women and children first. Unless ade- Indeed, the salary question is a fair quate steps are taken, the library will ful- indication of the difficulty faced by the fill the analogy and go down. Indifference library today. The circle is a vicious one: to its potentialities of service to students the library cannot function properly until and business men is largely due to the the public opens the purse-strings; the lack of coördination. There is neither public will not grant money until it recog. coördination between the libraries in dif. nizes the library as a necessity. It is ferent cities, nor between the libraries and widely acknowledged that librarians are the public, and occasionally it is lacking generally unable to live upon their salaries within a given library itself. The result is without substantial aid from outside general dissatisfaction, and a steady drain Library school graduates are of its best workers into other professions, probably as highly paid as any in the pro- with a mortal effect upon the institution. fession. The University of Illinois Li- Typical of the general chaos is the fact brary School estimates that the salary of that each library has not merely its own its average woman graduate is $1175 a system of administration, but an employ- year, according to answers to a question- ment system peculiar to itself. This varies naire sent out to the graduates of 1916. from the libraries where the Director ad- Pratt statistics for 1917 declare that there ministers the finances and does the hiring are more graduates earning $1200 than and firing as well, to those which chafe any other single figure, and there are as under civil service. In some cases the many earning only $900 as are earning apprenticeship system is in effect, which $1500. The average salaries paid in means that the librarian does the work of 1917 in the Circulation Department of the the job above and receives the salary of New York Public Library range from the the job below. Frequently library school salary of the Junior Assistant at $581 to graduates are preferred for promotion to that of the Branch Librarian at $1283. librarians in good standing who have no The Director of one of the foremost library school diploma. This confusion is libraries in the country has written: “I intensified by the lack of standard training. shall have to confess that I am Adelaide R. Hasse, Chief of the Eco- ashamed of the salaries paid at this insti- nomics Division of the New York Public tution, and as a matter of pride do not Library, declares: "A corporation main- wish to call attention to the present un- tained for the sole purpose of doing busi- satisfactory conditions of employment. I ness directly with the public is confined in hope and am doing my best to improve the selection of its personnel largely to matters as rapidly as possible.” In fact schools whose curriculum is confessedly the problem became so acute that last weakest in exactly those subjects most March saw the initiation of the Library vitally required by the corporation." The Employees' Union, with the object of average librarian is schooled to be a com- standardizing jobs and salaries and en- bination filing-clerk and social uplifter. couraging promotion from the ranks (that A library cannot be run without efficient is, from among librarians not necessarily filing-clerks. The circulation department graduated from the library school). Many can doubtless be run best by people who librarians conceive this affiliation with the make efficient sociologists. Neither of A. F. of L. as a stain upon the dignity of 1918] 477 THE DIAL their profession. But when many others funds. Finally, certification would imply in the field are doing so-called practice” the library's definite relation to the other work at the wage of a factory hand or a educational agencies of the state. The department-store clerk, it is difficult to two strongest arguments against it are that view this underpaid and unstandardized it would injure library extension, and that job as a profession at all. it would not be flexible enough to meet Standardization may eventually prove local requirements. But these seem to be . to be the solution of many of the problems outweighed by the evidence in its favor. which both the public and the library have And in working out the details these prob- to face. In a statement made before the lems would get due consideration. American Library Association in June, Standardization means a long step 1917 its committee declared that standard- toward complete governmental control of ization is the necessary preliminary to the library. In a democracy such a con- certification, which librarians desire as the trol presents no terrors to those who set means of ranking them on an equal plane high value on the independent intellectual with teachers as regards service and pay. life. In its purpose the library is al- Libraries could be standardized with ready a public institution; no one questions respect to income, population served, and that it ought to come into more popu- the lines of work undertaken. Library lar use. And in the long run, of course, service could be standardized by the intro- popular use will mean popular control. In duction of at least a reasonable uniformity fact a nationalized library would function of titles, a statement of duties, regulated not very differently from a national bank. hours of service, salaries and pensionsIt would mean a federal reserve of infor- promotion schedules, efficiency records, and mation, on which each locality could draw certification. The arguments for certifi- as need dictated. Neither the militant cation are, first of all, the arguments for concern of the librarians nor the efforts economy. Secondly, it would prevent the of library administrators, however, can continuance of the spoils system, of which achieve this end without active popular Boston has recently shown a glaring ex- interest. The public must appreciate the ample. By ranking the librarian's work with library as its own instrument—not a liter- that of the doctor and the lawyer it would ary museum, but a bank where intellectual protect both the profession and the public. currency may be “lent, borrowed, issued, Moreover it would prevent an extended and cared for," to promote social inter- application 'of civil service to libraries, and course and accomplishment. yet permit a pension system from public BABETTe Deutsch. In Dedication a It is well that we have come to question these Lip-protestations, and have grown beyond The need of crying our uncertainties Down every quiet hour. There is a bond In these near moments of our voicelessness. If all were said, what would there then remain To fill a winter's evening, or confess In subtle ways that make all meanings plain? We have stood together at the little door And looked across the threshold into clear Amazing spaces where the four winds are. What can we ask of understanding more! Our silences are such as lovers hear- Like music heard through portals left ajar. LESLIE Nelson JENNINGS. 478 [May 23 THE DIAL A Gordon Craig from Broadway Qus. Perhaps you expect such things of the It has frequently been said of my productions, German theatre. The fact remains that, that they conveyed a certain sustained illusion that seemed not to be of the theatre outside Germany, it has not been the suc- Complete cessful commercial managers of Europe, mind. illusion has to do entirely with the unconscious The conscious mind should play no but theorists like Appia and Craig, who part. The theatre is always seeking unanimous have attempted to set down practical, revo- reaction. It is palpably evident that unanimous lutionary, and far reaching principles of reaction from conscious minds is practically impos- sible. Seat a dozen people in a room, present any stage production. But now America has problem which you ask them consciously to solve, at last contributed its volume of original and you will get nearly as many different reactions theory, and the author turns out to be a as there are people; but place five thousand people man who like Fuchs, author of "Die in a room and strike some note or appeal that is Revolution des Theatres,” is an actual associated with an unconscious idea common to all of them, and you will get a practically unanimous worker in the actual theatre and like reaction. In the theatre I do not want the emotion Hagemann, author of “Die Regie," an that rises out of thought, but the thought that actual director and producer. More than rises out of emotion. The emotional reaction must that, our American theorist happens to be be secured first. a successful Broadway manager. He is The problem now arises: “How can we in the theatre confine ourselves to the unconscious mind?" also something else. For his name is Ar- The hypnotist has supplied us with the answer: thur Hopkins. "Still the conscious mind." The hypnotist's first His book, "How's Your Second Act?" effort is to render inoperative the conscious mind (Philip Goodman, New York), is danger of the subject. With that out of the way he can It demolishes any theatregoer's direct his commands to an undistracted unconscious theatregoer's mind and get definite reactions. The subject has interest in the 99-95/100 per cent. pure rot no opportunity to think about it. which passes for the art of production in In the theatre we can secure a similar result America. It also leaves a critic in peril by giving the audience no reason to think about it, of being absurdly ecstatic. Here is a by presenting every phase so unobtrusively, so free from confusing gesture, movement, and emphasis, little book-of about seven thousand that all passing action seems inevitable, so that we words—with all the larger laws of the are never challenged or consciously asked why. theatre written plain. Here is a complete This method entails sweeping readjustments. To æsthetic theory set down by a practical begin with, author, director, scene designer, and actor must become completely the servants of the Broadway manager in the words of a play. Each must resist every temptation to score Claire Briggs "regular fellow.” This personally. personally ... It must all be inevitable, im- Broadway manager recognizes the import- personal, and untrammelled. It requires a com. ance of the economic organization of the plete surrender of selfishness. In fact, it demands of everyone the honest rigidity of the true artist, theatre and the criminal power for evil in who will stoop to nothing because it is effective our theatrical system. He stands for syn- or conspicuous or because "it goes.” thetic, unified production—everything in It is the opposite of all that has become tradi- tional in the theatre. one key—and tells us how to get it, in fact how he has got it. More than It is rather a pity Mr. Hopkins couldn't have given up one of his productions this that, he understands modern scientific season—“The Rescuing Angel,” Billie psychology well enough to recognize the Burke's vehicle, for choice and have application of Freudian theories of the built up his book to the regulation tome unconscious to the theatre; to grasp why with a thorough description and analysis the truth of "thought through emotion” of the various means he has employed in is nowhere more important that in the his productions to obtain what he calls playhouse. This is, roughly, the nature "unconscious projection.” It would have and content of “How's Your Second Act?” been much more interesting to have des- Here-extracted from Mr. Hopkins's cription of the special low couches and chapter on what he calls "unconscious pro- chairs and stools which Mr. Hopkins and jection"—is the essence of America's first Mr. Robert E. Jones have devised for use contribution to theatrical theory: close to the footlights than to see Billie 1918] 479 THE DIAL Burke sitting on them. This doubtless —for once-might be really illuminating, seems a small matter, but out of such you must recognize the beautiful, unreal, ingenuity springs a genuinely natural and and grotesquely entertaining flavor of this yet well pointed movement of the players. "Hedda,” keyed to Nazimova's peculiar In a Hopkins production there are a score conception of the leading part. You must of such elements that deserve description recognize the thrill which Hopkins and and analysis; the playgoer would benefit- Jones threw into the expected and dis- and the rival producer—and the playgoer counted suicide by having Hedda, after she again. Three quarters of our progress in had closed the curtains behind her, sud- production has been individual experimen- denly reappear framed against the grave- tation and selection; three sixteenths has black inner side of those hangings, visible been learned by personal contact. A great for the first time as she held them back. great deal of this waste labor could be But you must recognize just as surely saved by intelligent and open discussion. the sin of Hopkins in letting an actor like Hopkins himself, even at this stage of Lionel Atwill, skilled technically as he is, his progress, could learn much by it. While play his parts each night more and more he described and explained the system of for the laughter and applause that were shallow and carefully balanced settings in them. Atwill's performance, described by which he secures a certain repose essen- by Hopkins himself, would make an excel- tial to the cultivation of the unconscious, lent addition to the producer's statement: he might come upon a realization of the “It is quite essential for the reaction that I fact that consciousness of this bare balance seek that we never do anything for the may distract a certain part of his audience benefit of the audience.” unless the design has somewhere in it one If Hopkins wrote such a technical text- unsymmetrical touch so subtly placed as to book, he could put in a score more of im- lull that small minority without disturbing portant things—important to himself as the rest. much as to the next producer. He might If he went further into the acting prob- describe his mellow, sculpturesque over- lems than such excellent statements as head lighting and yet reflect on the dis- “The true test of a performance is the ease turbing fact that, beautiful as it is, it strikes with which it is accomplished,” he might you as beautifully unnatural unless some note that an actor may accomplish his ef- grand parlor or hotel or bar supplies an fect with ease and sureness with the ease excuse for "indirect" chandeliers high and sureness, for instance, of Lionel Atwill above as a supposititious source of the in Mr. Hopkins's own productions of “The light. With the little table lamp of "The Wild Duck” and “Hedda Gabler”—and Wild Duck" and white reflecting walls, this yet accomplish an effect quite alien to the lighting played havoc with the illusion of part he plays. There have been some the various times of day and weather striking things about Mr. Hopkins's spring called for in the play. productions of Ibsen with Mme. Nazi- But such a book would include too mova: the actress's creation of Hedwig, descriptions of unapproachable settings the etched quality of the figures in “The like those schemed out by Hopkins and Wild Duck," and the strikingly exotic qual. Jones for "The Devil's Garden," and the ity of everything in “Hedda Gabler.". You hotel corridor of "Good Gracious Anna- must admit these things while you criticize belle." It would picture a great many the basically wrong conceptions of Hial, perfect ensembles from the days of the mar and Gregers in “The Wild Duck" and now forgotten "Steve," in which Arnold of Tesman in “Hedda.” And while you Daly appeared, to the quite as much for: abuse Mr. Hopkins for allowing any gotten "Deluge" of last fall. It would exigency on earth to make him exhibit the form a record of work unique in our com- horrible old-fashioned, weak, moulding- mercial theatre. But, in the last analysis, painted setting which struck the wrong it could only point and illumine the unique note at the very start of “The Wild Duck," and while you point out that a and thoughtful essence of Hopkins's little book. genuine, middle-class, small-town "Hedda" KENNETH MACGOWAN. 480 [May 23 THE DIAL or Our London Letter dispensing with conventions to license in the worst sense.” But having emitted that last com- I do wish that literary persons including plaint, I have done. There is much to be said professors, critics, publishers, and similar rabble for the Arden Shakespeare, and I wish I had could be induced to admit that Shakespeare is the whole of it. a poet and to live up to their admission. When And Mr. C. Knox Pooler has performed a I want to read Flecker or Brooke or Housman really remarkable feat in producing an edition even Swinburne or Tennyson, I can read of the sonnets with an introduction that is neither them in pleasantly bound and printed volumes dull nor silly. He knows as well as any that of a convenient size with nothing to take my all over the world there is a horde of cranks attention away from the poetry. But if I want and anti-cranks prepared to leap out on any to read Shakespeare, I may get any sort of an editor of the sonnets whose foot slips for a edition. Some are for the waistcoat pocket and moment. So he details one after another all look like diaries of engagements. Others are the different theories in a cool, dry way which decorated with portraits of famous actors, depicted hardly indicates whether he believes in any one in flagrante delicto—that is, in the very act of of them more than in another. His account of cutting and recasting the plays to their own the Mary Fitton theory is very good; and there taste. I I knew one edition that solemnly showed is an interesting citation of Lady Newdigate, all the cuts and alterations made by Sir Henry who declares that Mary's reputation as a dark Irving, and there are some that reproduce all beauty is derived solely from the griminess of her the misprints of the folios and take an especial effigy in the family monument at Cawsbury. He pride in adding the misprints of the quartos concludes with the admirable decision that wherever it is possible. These are by way of "hitherto, no theory or discovery has increased being eccentricities, I own; the most common our enjoyment of any line in the sonnets or form of decoration is notes—critical, biographi- cleared up any difficulty.” But there is one cal, historical, moral, psychological, and merely theory that he has not quoted. childish. I however like my Shakespeare neat. I refer to the theory which was enunciated I want an edition with a sensible text, produced by Mr. T. W. H. Crosland in his recent book by an editor who is not in a fever to tell me "The English Sonnet” (Dodd, Mead; $3.). In why he has adopted the emendation"'a babbled his prefatory note Mr. Crosland announced with of green fields" and who can refrain from telling pomp that "the theory as to the true origin of me that “since sweets and beauties do themselves the sonnets of Shakespeare is . new." forsake" means that they change for the worse. One wondered helplessly in reading it who in This tirade is drawn from me by the latest- the world Mr. W. H. was now. But the ex- and, I think, the last-volume of the Arden planation, when one reached it, was the simple, Shakespeare, which contains the sonnets and “A sensible, but nevertheless unexpected story that Lover's Complaint.” But I mean no disrespect follows: to the Arden Shakespeare. Why complain of a It is safe to say that when Shakespeare set out on potato because it is not a lily? And the Arden his sonnet-writing, he was absolutely care-free so Shakespeare is an admirably complete and far as his affections were concerned, and the first twenty-six sonnets have no more to do with heart- scholarly edition, very useful and filling a felt unlocking in the sense insisted upon by the biogra- want. But I shall never read Shakespeare in it. phists than they have to do with the binomial theorem. We shall go further and submit that until he wrote I doubt whether anyone could who took anything Sonnet 144—that is to say, until he came virtually more than a scholar's interest in him. I open to the end of his sonnet performance-he had no clear the book at random and on page 48 I discover conception of any plot or story which the sonnets should unfold, and that Sonnet 144 was written out lines 3-14 of Sonnet XLIV and lines 1-4 of of an endeavour to give some showing of a relation Sonnet XLV. I also find three textual notes and to the hundred and forty-three pieces which precede it, and help the reader to imagine that he had been 30 lines of elucidative and philogical notes, in perusing a set tale. In other words, "the story of small type and double columns. You cannot the sonnets,” such as it is, was evolved fortuitously enjoy the sonnets when your eye is constantly out of the writing and sequence of the pieces, and the sonnets were not written out of a story, personal besought to leave the verse in order to learn or impersonal. that the word "liberty" in Shakespeare has a Besides this, Mr. Crosland drops the nonchalant meaning which varies "from the privilege of remark that "Mr. W. H. . was a fig- 1918] 481 THE DIAL ment, set up to provoke talk.” Now I am not in blank verse. There is no Elizabethan sequence sure that I can accept even this theory whole- which approaches this not even "Astrophel and — heartedly; but I do maintain that it may very Stella"—for vigor, variety, mastery of words, well increase our enjoyment of the sonnets and and sheer magic of personality. The things in clear away a great many difficulties. It seems which Shakespeare transcends all poets are so to me unlikely, for instance, that Shakespeare's much more important than those which he has in sonnets to the young man who was unwilling to common with the Elizabethans that his epoch marry have anything like their surface signifi- seems perfectly unimportant. I do not put this cance. The young man cannot have been any- forward as a new idea or even an idea which thing more than a peg on which, by way of a was worth restating for its intrinsic merits. I convention of passionate friendship, Shakespeare mention it as a matter of interest simply because hung his otherwise unrelated poetical inspirations. it sprang up in my mind quite spontaneously But I find it equally impossible to believe that while I was reading the sonnets again, and be- the sonnets written to the unfaithful lady have cause for a moment its unassailable truth seemed not a much closer relation to actual events. This to me to make it shine with novelty. does not mean that the sonnets to the friend EDWARD SHANKS. are insincere and those to the mistress sincere; London, May 8, 1918. but they are certainly on different planes of sin- cerity. And if this disparity of tone be once admitted, there is an end at once, I think, of the notion that the whole sequence is a connected Desirable Residential confession or the account of any definite episode Neighborhood in Shakespeare's life. It seems to me much more probable that Shakespeare wrote sonnets because Up and down the street he wanted to write sonnets and that he now used In stolid, impassive rows, actual incidents, now built on a convention, just With long pious faces And decorous door-steps as he felt inclined and, finally, that he collected That look like folded hands in mitts, all together simply because they were all sonnets. The houses of the sixties and the seventies The poetical imagination is a very strange Solemnly regard each other: thing. Sonnet CXLIV is a definite and a delib- Staid brick houses with iron embroideries, erate attempt to unite the young man (“the And drab wooden houses with cupolas better angel") and the mistress (“the worser And jig-saw trimmings, spirit") in a common relation to the life of Heavy-lidded, the poet. But Mr. Crosland's suggestion that Gazing hypocritically at the ground; this is designed to give a narrative interest to And the steep roofs, protuberant balconies, the whole sequence is a little crude. Shake- Bristling towers and plate-glass of the nineties speare may have imagined for purposes of poetry Glaring disdainfully, Their elbows drawn in. an intrigue, which he knew did not exist, between mistress and friend. He may even have imagined It is winter—the trees stand gravely aside. The houses have an air of shrugging slightly, the situation arising, though the mistress and Cynically indifferent to this exposure friend had never met, merely out of the contrast Of their bleak and dingy nakedness. between his own presentation of the friend and Motors like anxious black beetles that of the mistress. I do not know, and I am Scurry busily to and fro. not trying to solve the insoluble. I am merely In a grimy garden where smutty sparrows hop trying to demonstrate how hard the solution is. On the sooty grass Poetic inspiration springs from deep and mys- Three birch trees stand terious sources, and it is impossible to predicate Swaying their long hair, a negative concerning it. Posturing, But one thing does leap to the eye from an Lifting white arms as if to dance. impartial rereading of the sonnets and that is, Their feet are rooted under the grimy sod. how absurd it is to judge Shakespeare as an They sway sadly in the wind or stand Elizabethan. The fact that other poets of the Dreaming, era wrote sonnet sequences is even more irrel- Like princesses enchanted. evant than the fact that other poets wrote plays CLARA SHANAFELT. 482 [May 23 THE DIAL La Peur de la Vie people who during the first year of the war never tired of telling us that civilization had tumbled REFLECTIONS ON WAR AND DEATH. By Sigmund into ruins. But as they had never really faced Freud. Authorized translation by A. A. Brill death before the war came, so they never really and Alfred B. Kuttner. Moffat, Yard; 75 cts. faced it afterward. Their shrinking from war's It is curious what different types of mind and what different methods of intellectual approach horrors was not sincere; they protested too much. have produced an almost identical diagnosis of Unlike the average soldier, dragged from an the anemia of modern industrial civilization. industrial life of doubtful happiness, thwarted Long before the present world war William in his aspirations for creative activity, crushed in James, in his now prophetic essay "A Moral his few timid strivings for genuine emotions, bound by routine, they did not accept the war Equivalent for War," expressed the criticism of the alert and discerning mind at the thinness and as a kind of release from the diligent muffling barrenness of a universe constructed from merely against the realities of life and death which we well-intentioned humanitarian ideals. To a man veins blood has not wholly turned to water there of such vigor and real daring a world of placid utopianism was intolerable. James's whole essay "nostalgie de la boue,” and while they do not is left a strong instinct of what the French call was a straightforward attempt to assess the high pretend to like lice and mud and sudden pain value of danger and risk in any endurable soci- and hunger and cold and an iron discipline that ety. Yet so utterly unlike a temperament as that represented by George Santayana made a reduces their own individuality to zero, it would be idle to deny that they find in all these things similar complaint in "Winds of Doctrine," say- a kind of deep gratification (a gratification which ing with great bitterness that nothing was meaner the conventional pacifist mind cannot even and more contemptible than the desire to live imaginatively appreciate) that life is not the on, somehow, at any price—a desire which smooth, round, tasteless monotony which the seemed to be the chief characteristic, and to fur- industrial revolution had almost succeeded in ther which was the main intellectual preoccu- making it. pation, of the age. Even in so unphilosophical Naturally soldiers do not intellectualize about and essentially journalistic and contemporary a war in the ingenious fashion of Mr. Jacks, and writer as H. G. Wells there often recurred this for them its glamor has little connection with same bitterness at the lack of color and move- the trappings and parade and music of militar- ment in modern life, where, as he once expressed istic romance. What is undeniable, however, is it, a man could live through his entire three that war, in so far as it is war and not a cor- score years and ten fudging and evading and poration-like mechanism, does satisfy a funda- never being really hungry, never being really mental and thwarted human need. This is either thirsty or angry or in danger, or facing a really ignored or denied by the conventional humani- great emotion, until the agony of the deathbed. tarian mind, which suddenly in August 1914 dis- Civilization had not merely refused to calculate covered that war was horrible and men were on death, but had come almost to the point of the sons of women. And as a consequence this refusing to believe in it. The keener minds type of reformist intellectual approach-by far rebelled against that hypocrisy. the most common—after its first shattering of Then came the war, and with it that most amiable illusions developed a curious technique disconcerting phenomenon which L. P. Jacks has of evasion, which is precisely as much a denial described as “the peacefulness of being at war” of the reality of death in actual war time as it —the sense, at last, that there was really danger was formerly in the piping days of peace. De- and high adventure and the possibility of deal- tails are not here necessary, for we all recognize ing and receiving death once more. Of course those for whom today the emphasis is all upon the conventional reformist type of mind was the happy by-products of the present agony, the shocked and horrified at this emergence of death new world, integration, and so on. Indeed, as a reality. Up to what we might call the satu- instead of being shocked by war out of their ear- ration point of sensitiveness these minds dwelt lier paltry utopianism to face and to calculate with almost unctuous detail upon blood, pus, upon the reality of death in life, the last four agony, and human hopes shattered to bits by years seem merely to have made them take ref- unfeeling fire and shrapnel. These were the uge in even more grandiose utopianisms. Too 1918] 483 THE DIAL many of the schemes for a reconstructed world death, just as the death of the beloved of primi- after the war are merely self-protective prisons tive man (who, like our own unconscious today, in which the well-wishers defend themselves from did not believe in death) forced him to recog- the assaults of the awful reality beating at their nize its reality. For war restores what civiliza- doors. tion can hide, heroism which springs from our But the competent and realistic mind is not deep inability to believe in our own death, pleas- afraid either to face the possibility of death or ure in the killing of the hated one in the enemy to describe modern war in any other terms than (the hatred which is the component of all love), those of permanent human values. It does not and power to rise above "the shock of the death shrink from a world of danger and struggle, yet of friends." Freud asks us if we have not, in neither does it gloss over or prettify the tragic our civilized attitude towards death, lived psy- fruits of the modern battlefield. Bertrand Russell chologically beyond our means. His own answer is a signal example of the humanist and realist of course is in the affirmative, and the affirma- , who strikes this compromise between a recogni- tive is probably correct. He is certainly right in tion of the necessity for danger and color and urging us to shake off our hypocrisy about death creation and movement in a decent civilization, and to calculate upon its realities. But it is a and a recognition of the futility and waste of plea which is relevant for peace as for war. modern war. He realizes, as Gilbert Cannan Whatever civilization emerges from the present in his passionate little book "Freedom” also real- clash of arms, it can have no stability and no crea- izes, that modern wars are the atonement we tive joy unless our former timidities are exor- make for our lack of appreciating the human cised. Life loses its major virility when we strive evils of a pallid, "safe" industrialism. On the at all costs to maintain it. That is the justifi- other side of the enemy frontier, Professor Sig- cation for Freud's plea, and it is sufficient. mund Freud voices much the same idea in this HAROLD STEARNS. short essay, "Reflections on War and Death," for the translation of which we have to thank the diligence and scientific interest of Dr. A. A. A Novelist Turned Prophet Brill and Mr. A. B. Kuttner. It is true that Dr. Freud's final plea has not entirely the hope- MID-AMERICAN CHANTS. ' By Sherwood Anderson. ful and prophetic quality of Bertrand Russell's Lane; $1.25. vision. Evidently the essay was written early Unsympathetic as it may sound, "Mid-Ameri- in the war, for it is spotty and uncoördinated and can Chants” is an important-looking volume slight. Freud has not attempted to deal with rather than an important book. It burns with the second and less cynical part of the dilemma sincerity; it is charged with a fervent passion; of modern war as definitely and optimistically it echoes great hopes and a high purpose. But as Russell. But he has stated afresh with great these very qualities are so apparent that they vigor, and with the powerful reënforcement of seem a trifle forced; the voice of the prophet his well known technique of psychological analy- sounds a bit self-conscious and his mantle bags about the knees. Even his “Foreword” has a sis, the barrenness of modern civilization—a bar- pat and almost patronizing tone: renness which arose from its refusal to calculate I do not believe that my people of midwestern America, immersed as are in affairs, hurried “Life becomes impoverished and loses its inter- and harried through life by the terrible engine- industrialism-have come to the time of song est when life itself, the highest stake in the game For this book of chants I ask simply that it be of living, must not be risked." In ordinary, allowed to stand stark against the background of my own place and generation. In secret a million everyday existence we can get only the thin grati- men and women are trying, as I have tried here, fication of our ever-dying, ever-resurrected heroes to express the hunger within and I have dared to of literature and the stage. All our. risks and put these chants forth only because I hope and believe they may find an answering and clearer call in the our challenges of fate are vicarious. Thus we hearts of other Mid-Americans. are inconsolable when death actually happens, I do not want to suggest that these sentences and we act “as if we belonged to the tribe of the show Mr. Anderson as anything but modest and Asra, who also die when those whom they love genuinely moved and yet they strike me as some- perish.” As Freud points out, war compels us what dubious. What, for instance, does Mr. to change all that—to recognize the reality of Anderson mean by implying that because mid- upon death. we 484 [May 23 THE DIAL a 9 western America is "hurried and harried" by And here is the first half of one of the finest industrialism it cannot sing. Has he forgotten of the rhapsodies: : Vachel Lindsay, Harry Kemp, Edgar Lee Mas- I am pregnant with song. My body aches but do not ters, Carl Sandburg? Or has he a more special betray me. I will sing songs and hide them away. definition of what constitutes song? Or is he, I will tear them into bits and throw them in the street. The streets of my city are full of dark perhaps, laboring under the old fallacy that a holes. I will hide my songs in the holes of the harassed and over-worked race is necessarily an streets. inexpressive and silent one. Let him consider the In the darkness of the night I awoke and the bands Greeks, nine tenths of whom were actually slaves; that bind me were broken. I was determined to the Elizabethans, "harried and hurried through bring old things into the land of the new. A sacred life" by a thousand tyrannies and oppressions; vessel I found and ran with it into the fields, into the long fields where the corn rustles. our own negroes, possibly the most spontaneous of melody makers, broken of everything but their All of the people of my time were bound with chains. They had forgotten the long fields and the stand- desire to sing. If the absence of machinery and ing corn. They had forgotten the west winds. of the wage system would bring about a literary efflorescence, the æsthetic world would be led by Into the cities my people had gathered. They had be- come dizzy with words. Words had choked them. the Esquimaux, the Javanese, and the Senegam- They could not breathe. bians. Song, as a matter of scientific fact, has The defects of Mr. Anderson's prose poems sprung not only out of a leisurely contemplation are of the same character as the faults in his of art but from a sharp necessity. It has risen novels. In "Windy McPherson's Son,” for out of dirt and despair in jubilations as well as instance, one could almost see the dividing line protests. It is both a relief and a release from where the story broke off abruptly and shifted the conditions that go to create it. from intensified fact to mere colored fiction. Here The conditions rather than the song are sug- the transition is less abrupt; but the pages, for gested in Mr. Anderson's small but ambitious the greater part, are closely related to the latter volume. It would be pleasant to record that they and lesser half of Mr. Anderson's remarkable are suggested with the same power and original books. They lose themselves in flights of orac- utterance that were so striking in “Marching ular vagueness; in their determined effort to Men,” “Windy McPherson's Son," and the be prophetic they show nothing so much as an short stories that caused such enthusiastic com- inchoate wish, a desire to adjust to the rapidly ment upon their appearance in "The Seven Arts." shifting world of labor-a desire that is scarcely . But even a casual reading of these loosely written accomplished. accomplished. Mr. Anderson himself may be chants reveals how frequently the author has able to face realities, but his poetry is not nearly forced his note and how much his utterance is so courageous. It is far more evasive than most indebted to Whitman and the idiom of Sand- of his prose; it goes round about, rather than burg. Here is an illustration: through, the fact. It expresses itself mainly through the sort of circumlocutory symbolism that we have learned to belittle when we find it In my breast the sap of spring, In my brain grey winter, bleak and hard, embodied in the more regular forms. Through my whole being, surging strong and sure, The call of gods, The forward push of mystery and of life. 'Tis then I am the tiny thing, A little bug, a figure wondrous small, a sower on Men, sweaty men, who walk on frozen roads, prairies limitless. Or stand and listen by the factory door, Into her arms I creep and wait and dream that I Look up, men! may serve, Stand hard! And do the work of gods in that vast place. On winds the gods sweep down. Awake-asleep-remade to serve, In denser shadows by the factory walls, I stretch my arms and lie-intense-expectant-'til In my old cornfields, broken where the cattle roam, her moment comes. The shadow of the face of God falls down. Then seeds leap forth. The mighty hills rise up and gods and tiny things From all of Mid-America a prayer, like me proclaim their joy. To newer, braver gods, to dawns and days, To truth and cleaner, braver life we come. Man in the making—seeds in the ground, Lift up a song, O'er all my western country now a wind. My sweaty men, Rich, milky smell of cornfields, dancing nymphs, Lift up a song. And tiny men that turn away to dream. SONG TO THE SAP THE PLANTING 1918] 485 THE DIAL > > Still, Mr. Anderson aims so much higher than new and fertilizing in Croce's thought. No most of his contemporaries that we should be reader will suspect that he is face to face with a attentive if not grateful to him. Even if “Mid- thinker who has given the world a vitally new American Chants" is composed of the stuff of concept of art, who has rejuvenated literary poetry rather than poetry itself, we cannot with- criticism by giving it a new purpose and meaning, hold our admiration from one whose utterance is who has transformed logic from a formal and so vibrant. From such passion, from such rude lifeless thing into a function of thought itself, earnestness may rise the clearer voice that is im- who has given a new interpretation to the old plicit in Mr. Anderson's prophetic promise. idea of truth and error, and a new meaning to Louis UNTERMEYER. the part played by economic activity in human life, and who, as his latest and greatest achieve- ment, has altered man's outlook on the past and The Rich Storehouse of Croce's the present by unfolding the eternal contem- poraneity of history. “Monks and professors Thought cannot write the lives of poets," said an Italian critic; and it would seem as if the President of THE PHILOSOPHY OF BENEDETTO CROCE: The the Aristotelian Society of London is hardly Problem of Art and History. By H. Wildon Carr. Macmillan; $2.25. the ideal interpreter for this freest of human Benedetto Croce has been unfortunate in the minds—the mind of a man who has held aloof manner of his introduction to the English speak- from all official position, in order that he might ing people. His books have been translated into express himself on all occasions as seemed to a jargon that is not only a caricature of his own him best. lucid and penetrating style, but that at times I remember, some sixteen years ago when Croce hardly deserves to be called English at all. His sent me the first edition of the "Æsthetic" (there translators have limited themselves to his formal are now many editions, and translations into treatises——to the great works on "Æsthetic," many languages), how little I suspected the real "Logic," "Economics and Ethics," or to the significance of the gift. I had known his his- monographs on Vico, Hegel, Marx—wholly neg- torical work for some time, but knew nothing lecting the rich storehouse of his critical essays of his speculative interest and power. So it was and his informal studies of ideas and men. For to the historical portion of the book that I turned, through the columns of his journal, “La Critica," and it was to this portion that I devoted the whole and through his collected and uncollected essays, of my review in the "Nation," the first review of Croce has carried on a ceaseless warfare against the book outside of Italy, so far as I know. I the dual enemies of his philosophy, the older shudder to think of the few perfunctory words metaphysics and the newer positivism, and against with which I summed up the theoretical portion, the dual enemies of his theory of art and lit- which I had skimmed through hastily and assumed erature, the older traditionalism and the newer to be merely another machine-made “theory of sociology masquerading in the guise of literary art.” Professor Santayana, to whom I sent the history. With uch weapons he has not only book for review in the “Journal of Comparative transformed Italian thought, but has breathed the Literature,” which I was then editing, reversed breath of life into Italian criticism. Few Ameri- the process, but gave an unsympathetic and (may cans realize this resistless and inspiriting swords- I add?) equally blind report of its contents. If manship of one of the greatest protagonists of it took me a year or more to realize the signifi- modern thought. cance of friend's work and to become its Nor will this book help them to realize it. It champion—a book which I had at hand and was is a serious and dignified summary of Croce's constantly consulting-how can I wonder that philosophy, with special emphasis on one, and its message should not strike home to those for that the most fruitful, of its many phases—his whom, because of its language, it was closed theory of art and history. To say less would with more than seven seals? The English trans- be ungenerous in the case of a book which is, lation a few years later brought it many friends, after all, the first of its kind in English. But its among temperaments as different as Mr. Balfour sober method and rather stodgy style are barriers and the author of "Peter Dooley," but still behind which brood Croce's seminal power, and its significance is unapprehended by the Eng- no new conquests will be made by it for what is lish speaking world, where Croce has been obliged a 486 [May 23 THE DIAL -а to play second fiddle to the striking but relatively scourge and pestilence. This is why the liberal inferior thought of Bergson. Perhaps this is not mind has everywhere taken delight in a book like wholly to be wondered at, for the “Æsthetic,” "Under Fire," which artistically resolves the though the most striking, is the first and least dilemma. The conventional mind will still pre- mature of Croce's great philosophical treatises. fer "The Glory of the Trenches" to the real- It loses half of its meaning without such commen- ism of Barbusse, even though French soldiers tary and interpretation as may be found in his testify that "Le Feu” has not inhibited them later and maturer books, such as the “Logic," from their dread task. But to those who have which is accessible in an English translation, and had to reconcile their hatred of war with their the "Problems of Æsthetics," the "Critical Con- determination to engage in it, Barbusse has been versations," and the “Theory of History," which a salvation. For the ideal attitude is realistically are not. to appreciate the horrors, and yet continue to So the work and personality of Benedetto believe that the grim work has got to be done. Croce still await an English interpreter. No little Unfortunately, just as this most artistic and guidance may be found in this new book, and valuable reconciliation of the paradox has been still more in Italian, though there the slight and made, we are presented with a book which makes inadequate volume of Prezzolini remains the only Barbusse look like a Christian Scientist. Here book covering the whole subject of Croce's life is an artistic mind which has collapsed under the and thought. But the literature regarding him actual business of war, and painstakingly tells has become enormous: articles by the hundred us why. The six stories of this volume reveal, in every European tongue indicate the interest in a tone of concentrated fury, a mind for which which he has aroused among philosophers and modern war is unendurable and unmitigated. men of letters. Yet what shall we think of No ray of extenuation and relief steals into these this ocean of print, which we may search in terrible exposures. There is none of that soft vain for a single volume of creative interpreta- hope, as in "Under Fire," of the return to a tion—a single book of which we may say: "If better world. "Men in War" return, for , you wish to know what Croce means for the instance in the story “Home Again," only to kill. modern world, and what is the source of his Mutilated men, men in agony, the horror of intellectual power, read this"? bloodstained insanity—this, to the Austrian officer J. E. SPINGARN. Andreas Latzko, is the sum of war. Behind the scenes, as in the story of “The Victor," the gen- eral whom war has picked from obscurity and Our Enemy Speaks deluged with power and riches, lie those manip- ulators whose greed of life has been fed by the Men in WAR. By Andreas Latzko. Translated war, and to whom the greatest affront is the by Adele Seltzer. Boni & Liveright; $1.50. word "peace.” Nowhere does Latzko see a The longer the war goes on, the more acute shred of rationality or justification to this busi- becomes the spiritual dilemma which it evokes. ness in which the world has engaged itself. For if it be regarded as a war to end war, must The heart of the book is the story “Baptism not every mind carry into the coming peace the of Fire," which follows in torturing detail the lesson that this horror can never be allowed to thoughts and feelings of an Austrian captain as break loose again? Anything, then, which miti- he leads his men under fire against the Italians. gated the ghastly reality of war would by so Advancing to the attack, his body is saturated much relax our vigilance against its recurrence. with sympathy for his men as victims; his con- But on the other hand, events require that we sciousness retains all its memories of the peaceful gird our loins and pursue the war to the end background of their lives; he sees them as harm- without faltering; in order to keep the national less humans in whose murder he is assisting. Even mind taut for the unfaltering prosecution of the the dead enemy arouses in him a “tangled web war military operations ought to seem not only of memories." "Two trips on a vacation in Italy palatable but even exhilarating. Hence the uni- drove an army of sorrowing figures through his versal preoccupation with “morale.” Faith and mind." He can do nothing, in his agonized delight in war as an effective means for pursuing impotence, but turn over the command to a young national ends must be maintained in order that lieutenant who has thirsted for this advance on war may be slain forever as the vilest human the enemy and who robustly handles his men as 1918] 487 THE DIAL military material. And as they are mortally The “Sage and Serious" Poet wounded together the captain's last thought is of exultation that this creature of war is him- EDMUND SPENSER: A CRITICAL STUDY. By Herbert self at last suffering. Ellsworth Cory. University of California Pub- lications in Modern Philology; $3.50. It is of course easy to dismiss such a book as For the past ten years and more scholars have the product of a constitutional psychopathic con- been unusually occupied with the study of Spenser. dition, or at least of shattered nerves. Marsch- In America, Long, Greenlaw, and Padelford, to ner is certainly no typical officer. Most officers mention only the most active, have examined are neither neurotic nor of the type which learns various aspects of his poetry; in England, scholars to think of its men as replaceable wastage, of the like Miss Winstanley have shared in the work. enemy as a mechanical target or as a swarm of There was need of an attempt to reinterpret Spen- noxious rodents, of wounds and agony as so much ser in the light of their investigations. And for this routine for the doctors and nurses. Yet is it nec- attempt Professor Cory is in many ways especially essarily neurotic to retain this full consciousness well qualified. He is not a newcomer in the field, of soldiers as suffering, sensing human lives side and his previous studies have revealed a tendency by side with the activity of sending them into to view Spenser's achievement in its larger rather battle? The ordinary man is able to suspend, than its special aspects. Moreover, one peril of when he thinks or acts in combat, all his usual the present undertaking was eclecticism, and from concepts, memories, and desires for life, liberty, this he is saved by the possession of a theory of and the pursuit of happiness. Otherwise war his own, a conception of Spenser's development would be impossible. What makes this book so from the "Shepherd's Calendar" to the cantos on unprecedentedly grisly is that the author insists "Mutability" which completely dominates his use on seeing the war not in terms of itself, but in of particular contributions. As a result, though terms of ordinary kindly human life. we are kept in touch with what other scholars The stories of "Men in War” are composed have done, we are never diverted from the main with sufficient skill to give one the disquieting purpose of his study, the presentation of the poet thought that they may not be the work of a con- in a new light. stitutional psychopath, but of the artistic temper- We should not be diverted, that is, if Pro- ament. If so, then we have to conclude that fessor Cory kept to his Spenser. But he does not. modern war, seen through the artistic tempera- He also has a theory of criticism, in which he is ment of a Hungarian like Latzko, loses all con- almost as much interested as he is in his avowed tact with human sanity. If there were many subject, and which is constantly intruding into his more Austrian officers like this one, Austrian study of Spenser. The preface hints at the reason. morale would collapse. Is it possible that part "Already the academic student of literatures of the demoralization reported there is due ancient or modern," he writes, “is the object of to temperamental reactions such as are pictured the gentle contempt of his more robust col- in this book? Then the lesson for the nation leagues." He is not content, like most of us which wishes to keep up militaristic morale is who teach literature, to acknowledge the fact not to let the artistic temperament get anywhere privately, turn it to such mental profit as he can, near the trenches. A man who reports the expe- and go on with his business as if the joke were rience of war as lying without the pale of human too old to be worth bothering about—which it is. sanity is infinitely more dangerous than any con- Perhaps his more robust colleagues at Berkeley scientious objector. It is not for the sake of the are more robust and sarcastic than the average. artist's sensitiveness that he should be exempted If so, they will henceforward have to hurl their from all war service; it is for the sake of military sarcasms at others than him, for he has collected morale. If this book means anything, it means a critical armory from all the modern movements that militarism should weed out its Marschners and sciences—the labor movement, feminism, im- and coerce them back to the ivory towers of their perialism, ethnology, heredity, psychopathology, art, to the egoism of their own spiritual and the empirical study of ethical values, and so on. moral integrity. For if this is the way the artist He does not overtly use all that he retails in the sees war, his apathy is something the shrewd mil- preface, but he uses enough to remind one at itarist will fairly beg for. times of David in the armor of Saul and to set RANDOLPH BOURNE. one thinking that a literary critic had best keep 488 [May 23 THE DIAL to his sling, as David eventually did. If one moral flavor but sheer romantic charm, the cannot endure the taunts of Goliath of Gath, the delightsomeness which has always won him fol- proper retort is still a smooth stone from the lowers, generation after generation. And that brook. All this display of method seems par- view merits something more than mere denuncia- ticularly inappropriate to the interpretation of tion. To insist that Spenser, like Dante, is a Spenser, whose own respect for learning appeared "supreme poet” is only to make the disagreement ” so unobtrusively. This too modern method, harder to compose; for about a supreme poet, moreover, sometimes leads to an over-emphatic at this late day, there is not likely to be much style. To say of the lines which conclude Book chance for misunderstanding. No, Spenser will VI of the "Faery Queen" that they "hiss with not be accepted for a supreme poet, nor his moral the dry sneer of despair" is surely to lay on style value considered the equivalent of the really great with a trowel. Critics may disagree about the moralist's. Perhaps the question resolves itself moods of Spenser, yet even Professor Cory would into one of taste, and is therefore not to be probably admit that the phrase was excessive. argued. If so, the hedonists might be met with Let us hope that on reflection he would also their own weapons; for surely, to fail to perceive renounce the adjective "purblind,” which he that Spenser's greatest work has a tone of moral bestows rather too easily on those who disagree dignity and sweetness which is quite as delightful with his estimate of the "supreme poet." to those who care for these qualities as its merely However, the value of this study is not depend- sensuous charm, is to convict oneself of defective ent upon method or style. What the reader sensibilities. brings away from it is a new conception of Proceeding from this fundamental conception Spenser, a conception which, even when it is not of Spenser—that he is a man of sincere moral wholly plausible, is always provocative. For earnestness— Professor Cory endeavors to trace what we have here is no "discovery,” to be the line of his natural development. We have accepted or rejected on specific evidence and filed had studies in Spenser's art and in his philosophic as a fact or a mare's nest, but an interpretation, idealism, his religion; yet heretofore nobody has suggestive of many possibilities. That is the conceived of following his moral and emotional advantage of trying to see a poet as a whole, with experiences down the line of his successive poems. one's own eyes: one may exaggerate the signifi- I have not space for a full survey of all the cance of this or that trait, but one's portrait of results, and a summary is never quite fair; but him is likely to help others to see him more fair or not, the gist of it may, I think, be given clearly. in a sentence: the poet's career proceeds from an Professor Cory's point of view is avowedly that ardent youthful hope of being the prophet of his of Dowden's essay on "Spenser, the Poet and country's true greatness, through disillusion and Teacher." He holds, as Dowden did, that to see bitterness as he sees his counsels ignored, to a final nothing in Spenser except the poetry of romantic mood of reconciliation with the world, which is delightsomeness is to misunderstand him fatally. not the ignoble peace of philosophic retirement He believes that Spenser is essentially what but a casting forward into eternity. The crucial Milton called him, in the much hackneyed phrase, point of this is the conception of Spenser as a "sage and serious." From one opinion or the prophet. Every reader of his poetry has noted the other all fundamental criticism of the poet must occasional moods of dejection or discontent, and start, and Professor Cory takes his stand by these have commonly been laid to the disappoint- Milton. Of course there is danger in stating ments of his material career. Professor Cory the issue too simply. The question is not merely sees otherwise. According to him, these disap- whether the poet of the "Faery Queen" was in pointments, though real enough, were only sec- earnest about his teaching. Some have maintained ondary; the main cause of Spenser's heartache that his teaching was a pure convention imposed was the failure in his larger hopes. He had upon him by the standards of his day, which begun his “Faery Queen” as an “epic of the demanded that an epic should be edifying, future," a promulgation of the spiritual condi- although the majority of commentators have tions under which his country might thrive. He agreed that Spenser's declaration of purpose was had centred his hopes for the realization of sincere. Yet most of the latter would still main- these in his patron Leicester, who was to marry tain that what has made his poetry last is not the Queen (as Arthur was to be united with > > 1918] 489 THE DIAL Gloriana) and settle the kingdom firmly on the mother, is shown in sublime upper-class satisfac- true bases of national greatness. But Leicester tion informing herself of the affairs of the nation died before the first three books were finished, by skimming the columns of the “Times," only and his death took the heart out of the poet's to have those affairs thrust themselves violently enterprise. The discouragement was completed into her life and her children's lives. by the course of the nation's life, as it became Even the author's great “reality”—that immi- clear that the governing classes cared nothing nent death and transfiguration her young men for the ideals on which the poem was grounded. write about and face in battle is forecast in the From the disillusion of this experience, which middle third of her book, called "Vortex.” Here may be traced in the aimlessness and sense of the children of the Harrison family are engaged futility of the later books, the poet was to recover in various adventures: Dorothy in intellectualist only in his final years. feminism, Michael in futurist art, Nicky in scien- To discuss the validity of this thesis without tific invention and sex. And each of the following the critic into detail would be ungener- adventures is made to seem pale in retrospect ous. It is argued with sincere conviction, and from the overwhelming tide of war. if at times the evidence seems rather frail for the If only the book were not so well constructed. conclusions, one need only reflect that, after all, For it is full of strange beauties of insight into a the benefit of studies such as this does not neces- mother's feelings, the sheer and naked thoughts sarily lie in conclusiveness. Professor Cory has of children, the pervasive consciousness that suggested more than a merely interesting view. makes a family, the awesome mysteries of young R. E. Neil DODGE. girlhood. There are scenes whose haunting beauty lies not in any phrase but in the simplicity with which human beings are observed. There is a May Sinclair, Sentimentalist chapter of Nicky and his cat Jerry, of the yellow eyes —"the soul of Nicky is in that cat"_which The Tree of Heaven. By May Sinclair. Mac- has the best of childhood in it, as has Nicky's millan; $1.60. earache and the smile he made carefully so it If only “The Tree of Heaven” were not so would not hurt him. There is the Veronica of subtly and so well constructed. The author has honey-colored hair, "a little, slender girl in a thoroughly documented the history of the Har- straight white frock," who sees ghosts like Ferdie, rison family from the youth of its men children her mother's lover. There are even descriptions until, as men, they fall in the great war. It is of crowds that seem by some nearly orgiastic ebb a family which lives in the "ruinous adoration" and flow of words to represent motion. There of a mother's eyes. The children, beautiful in is the pageantry and exaltation of a suffrage pro- body and fine of mind, are painted against a cession seen through the eyes of Veronica, who background of desiccated lives—a grandmother did not know she had been chosen to lead because and three spinster aunts full of the subtle antago- of her youth and "her processional, hieratic nisms of old women for the unsuccessful of their beauty.” Spots there are of foreseeing and retro- sex, one drunkard uncle and one uncle mismated. spection which would have been richer if Miss Those waste people are painted in early in the Sinclair hadn't been afraid of writing imagism children's lives, at the height of their adolescence, like Miss Richardson's, author of that important and as survivors of the three sons-Michael, trilogy "Backwater." Miss Sinclair hasn't been Nicky, and John—who have been sucked into the so afraid as some writers of upper-class bias of Here you have part of the book's conscious her own and other people's unbidden thoughts. irony. And so the book, written in a fine feminine hand, Then there is the approach of war down the is full of subtle and truthfully observed impres- years upon the unconscious members of the Har- sions. rison family. Michael's resistance to war is But it is too inexorably harnessed to what Miss forecast in his humanism and libertarianism: he Sinclair has made her people in their unprophetic is ardently for Irish freedom at the age of thir- amaze call "Armageddon." She might have Nicky by the predisposing hand of the rested on the Harrison family as she saw it, with author is made to invent a "forteresse mobile," the stray thoughts of Frances, the unfolding of a sort of forerunner of the tank. Frances, the Michael and Nicky and the cousin Veronica, the war. 490 [May 23 THE DIAL art world and the other worlds of turmoil that BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS make their way into the circle. But she has THE VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED rested her book upon an apex of war. So doing, STATES OF AMERICA. By Luther K. she challenges a criticism of her understanding of Zabriskie. Putnam; $4. war. So doing, she has romanticized Nicky The former Consul at St. Thomas devotes because partly he was to do the right thing in this volume of 339 pages to a semipopular that war; while Michael, the poet, who at times description of our latest territorial acquisition. seems to represent her heart's desire, she has been Three of the 35 chapters in which the book is tenderly charitable to—and has cruelly misrepre- divided serve for a historical introduction. Then sented and misunderstood. Miss Sinclair's atti- he follows with a geographical description of tude toward war has vitiated her attitude toward each of the three important islands. Their com- Michael, as toward art. She has an incredibly merce, their banking facilities, their products, and mean and cheap sneer at Michael, poet and their occupations complete two thirds of the resister of war: “After all, the Germans had been work. Three short chapters deal with general held back from Paris. As Stephen pointed out social conditions. The remaining fourth of the book treats of recent events, and of the story of to him, the Battle of the Marne had saved the transfer to the United States. The narrative Michael. In magnificent defiance of the enemy, is largely made up of quotations from contem- the 'New Poems' of Michael Harrison, with porary documents. In contrast with other works illustrations by Austin Mitchell, were announced dealing with these islands, particularly the recent as forthcoming in October." She is cheap again volume of Westergaard, the present work is when Lawrence Stephen, a figure she intended to much lighter in character and aims to be more be of artistic potence and freedom, is as it were general in its description. It is obviously a work converted to war and is made to say: “My of love on the part of the author, and it will grandmother was a hard Ulster woman and I warrant careful attention on the part of the hated her. But I wouldn't be a thorn in my curious reader. grandmother's side if the old lady was assaulted THE LANGUAGE OF COLOR. By M. Luck- by a brutal voluptuary, and I saw her down and iesh. Dodd, Mead; $1.50. fighting for her honor." Her use of the upper- class slang, “funk,” which means not doing things This book is modeled upon an old pattern- in an upper-class way, failing from the upper- a pattern useful to the preparation of themes in class point of view, is just a little facile. college or papers at Women's Clubs. It covers much ground, and at no point digs deep. Yet If the "reality” of war is as her men and fair as is this description of the type, it is not women see it, it is a very partial reality. Michael fair to the merit with which the pattern is fol- after his conversion to war dismisses a French- lowed in this specific book. For the casual reader man, who can be none other than Henri Barbusse, desirous of having something about “Color" on with: "It's a sort of literary 'frightfulness.' the shelves of his library, will find “The Lan- One questions Miss Sinclair's taste in dismissing guage of Color” suitable to his needs. In its Barbusse through the pen of her exalted young ical and emotional associations of color, the sym- four divisions it covers the mythology, the histor- man. There is no less reality in Barbusse, who bolisms of the several colors, and the scientific still fought, though without exaltations and great facts of color, particularly the psychological mystic “realities." Barbusse's realities were the facts, which are well considered in the light of stinks and horrors of war mixed with its humani- modern experiments on color preferences. Even ties, on the one hand, and on the other, the deep the æsthetics of color is discussed. These inter- realization that the roots of war are in social and ests may not clash; but they are more or less differentiated, and their nearly parallel treat- economic inequality. Of this sort of reality Miss ment gives the false implication that the data and Sinclair seems to have taken cognizance in only opinions are of comparable importance and stand one sentence of her book. It was when Michael on comparable evidence. An author with greater saw "that the strength of the Allies was in exact insight than the present is demanded for a proportion to the strength and enlightenment of book of real perspicacity and clarity. Yet this their democracies." For the rest, it is to be criticism is perhaps itself open to the criti- feared that Barbusse might find “The Tree of cism that it is not just to judge a book for not Heaven” just a little naive and perhaps senti- accomplishing what it does not attempt. For a mental. rapid survey of the field the volume has its uses; HERBERT J. SELIGMANN. it opens invitingly the door to the house of color. در و 9) 1918] 491 THE DIAL a FURNITURE OF THE OLDEN TIME. By sensical fable about assuming a disguise for fun Frances Clarey Morse. Macmillan; $6. and the absurd contretemps which result. Inter- Twenty years ago our country was overrun by est in the mood and temper in which it was writ- a cult of the old. The "old-fashioned" and the ten persists after the book has accomplished its "new-fangled" were locked in a death grip, and avowed purpose of entertaining. One wonders in matters æsthetic the former seemed about to if German officers on leave have as light-hearted triumph. Old furniture, dusty pewter, and even a time. For it is one of the most enduring traits fishing-nets as ceiling decorations were in vogue. of the British temperament not to take even a The "old for old's sake" was a watchword. It world cataclysm too seriously—it is something was the open season for “the quaint.” “Junk to be endured, to be "seen through," and to be and Dust, Junk and Dust,” sang Gelett Burgess laughed at as a great joke. Mr. McKenna con- in a waspish mood as he attacked the affected vinces you that the type of old civilization which, connoisseurship of the time, which bade fair to even when it faces the greatest crisis of its his- strangle the impulse toward a rational æsthetic tory, is not grim about it—that such a civilization attitude. But much furniture has come out of will defeat Germany by its enduring jest. Michigan since then. It is through the circula- tion of such books as “Furniture of the Olden Two SUMMERS IN THE ICE WILDS OF Time” that we are being brought to see the EASTERN KARAKORAM. By Fannie Bullock trend of our national taste. Once we were free Workman and William Hunter Workman. of the mid-Victorian incubus, the return to the Dutton; $8. Colonial type of furniture was more than mere Eight summers' explorations in the remotest sentiment. Indeed, had our Colonial period been fastnesses of the Karakorams from 1898 to 1912 from 1400 to 1600 instead of two centuries later, create the background of knowledge and ex- it is inevitable that our preferences today would perience for this account of the greatest achieve- have been the same. We should not now rave ments of these noted Himalayists; to wit, the over Henry IV or Henry VIII pieces or other exploration of 1900 square miles of mountain Gothic work, for the simple reason that the Anne- and glacier. The crowning accomplishment was Georgian period saw the development of the best the exploration and mapping of the great Siachen forms and the finest furniture craftsmanship all or Rose Glacier, the longest non-polar ice mass over Europe. This perhaps is more a matter of in the world, forty-six miles in length, and evolution than art, but its realization is extremely ranging in altitude from 12,000 to 18,705 feet. important to a young nation of our industrial The task was an arduous one, not devoid of tendencies. Miss Morse deals with furniture danger from mud flows, crevasses, and ava- actually in America and much of it American lanches, to say nothing of an earthquake which made. The various pieces—chairs, settees, and crumbled the cliffs and filled the air with dust so on-are grouped in separate chapters, a process for days. Long familiarity on the part of the slightly cumbersome, but no better system has so authors with these dangers of mountain-climbing far been evolved. The illustrations, though and ice work has robbed this book of the fresh- small, are excellently chosen and reproduced, and ness and novelty of new adventure, although the book contains two welcome chapters on there is enough material therein for repeated musical instruments and staircases. thrills. Instead of receiving stimulus from an exhilarating tale of achievement the reader is NINETY-Sıx Hours' LEAVE. By Stephen wearied by acidulous replies to critics of, and McKenna. Doran; $1.35. comment upon, previous accounts of the authors' Any author who can write so fine and discern- mountain experiences. He is even more pained. ing a study of the change in English life' from by the strident assertion and repeated emphasis the old world of peace to the new war world of on the part of the feminine author of her share in today as "Sonia" was, can lay legitimate claim to the enterprise. One finds himself unconsciously a holiday. Mr. McKenna frankly takes his holi- looking for the legend "Votes for Women" day in this gay little story of three British offi- printed large across the excellently elaborated cers on four days' leave. One's first temptation map of the Rose Glacier. However, this quality is to regard the book more as an expression of is doubtless useful in conquering mountains, happy versatility than as an intrinsically inter- physical as well as political and social, and the esting example in the genre of high-spirited good work as a scientific treatise on glaciers and the humor. This is the unfortunate penalty one topography of the eastern Karakoram has a often pays for writing an excellent serious novel; large, permanent value. The 141 photogravures but "Ninety-Six Hours' Leave" is an amusing are superb portrayals of mountain scenery at the bit, and Mr. McKenna could venture to be its top of the world, many of them novel and in- sponsor quite on its own merits. It is a non- structive pictures of the glacial ice in action. 492 [May 23 THE DIAL con- A CYCLE OF SONNETS. By Edith Willis dual personality, hypnosis or by forcing analo- Linn. James T. White & Co., New York; gies with X rays and wireless telegraphy. But $1.25. the oil and water will not mix; it is the old story SONNETS, and Other Lyrics By Rob- of telepathy and clairvoyance and psychic healing 'ert Silliman Hillyer. Harvard University and messages from the beyond. It is just a change Press; 75 cts. of costume, old folk superstition in the dress The vogue of free verse has accomplished this of Greek words, and a pretentious logical ges- -that we can no longer be deceived by mere ture in imitation of the wand of science. Whether pageantry of words held together by the conven- one finds this sort of thing amusing or pathetic tional meters. The appeal of real poetry in such depends upon one's mood: one can be either like meters however has not been lessened. Miss Puck contemplating the folly of mortals, or like Linn's vocabulary contains such words as "som- Carlyle in despair over the ineducability of nine- nolent," "opalescence," "incarnadined,” “limned," teenth-century minds. Books of this kind cre- "bedight," "chalice," "minarets," "cerulean," ate a luminous fog in which the unwary see, as "pleached," "gnomon," " 'gnomon," "solstice," "estival," in a halo, the reflection of their own limitations. "Alorescence." Behind this rich flow of words Reputable publishers should have some there is seldom to be found an idea justifying the science about extending their pernicious influ- existence of the sonnets. In spite of some very ence by translation. Absurdity vies with absurd- pretty and worth while poems, the volume gives ity on every page, and pretense is added to pre- the impression, furthermore, that Miss Linn has tense, from the jacket, which announces that the not derived her inspiration from reality. On two human body "radiates a powerful magnetic occasions the sonnet on the left page tells of the energy,” to the last page, which gives up a "cryp- impermanence of her love, while that on the topsychic” interpretation of the universe. right insists that she will love on eternally. Mr. Hillyer's sonnets, on the other hand, are A YEAR OF Costa Rican NATURAL His- vitalized by consistent, well expressed ideas and TORY. By A. S. and P. P. Calvert. Mac- are additional evidence that the sonnet can be millan; $3. used with signal success in the face of the re- Barriers of language and culture have long valuing of poetical standards going on today. separated us from our sister republics to the The best of his poems are intimate, real, satisfy- south, and even the recently greatly improved ing. Some are mere Elizabethan imitations, but facilities for transportation as a result of the these are in the minority; the others show an growth of the banana trade have not turned individual expression which promises much. Mr. any considerable tide of tourist travel to the trop- Hillyer understands well what can be done and ical shores of the Central American republics. what cannot be done in a sonnet. The other Indeed, if one is looking for the luxuries of travel pieces are both good and bad; sometimes he has in the tropics, he will find little to entice him in caught the lyric quality of the best American Professor and Mrs. Calvert's narrative of their poetry. Taken as a whole the book is a readable year of varied experiences in the upland cities addition to our poetry, and heralds a welcome and forests of Costa Rica. addition to our poets. Dragon Aies were the quest. It took the explorers into the banana plantations, the low- THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE FUTURE. By land jungles, and upland forests, by canyon Emile Boirac. Translated and edited by streams, by morass and mountain lake. The book W. de Kerlor. Stokes; $2.50. is an entomological diary of daily jungle adven- A recent view, supported by the evidence of tures,' of successful stalks on mosquito hawks an increasing number of books like the present, and water bears, of the joys over quarry taken sets forth that in matters substantiated by clear and the disappointments over big bugs that scientific evidence we believe with strong reason- escaped. In fact, the general reader is often lost able confidence; but in those of which we have only inexpert or uncertain knowledge, like poli- which tire and do not illuminate. A topical in the multitudinous details of entomological lore tics and psychical research, we have absolute, treatment with well-developed examples and an unshakable convictions. For these, like instincts, speak with the authentic voice of an older nature. omission of minor, oft-repeated details would have made a M. Boirac should have called his work “The more readable work. But the Psychology of the Past." His voice sounds like book contains valuable information, not only for that of a primitive man proving his modernity the prospective traveler in Costa Rica, but also by speaking through a telephone. The book is for anyone going for scientific exploration into one of the many contemporary attempts to revive the American tropics. It gives a sympathetic occult mysticism by conscripting some of the and reliable picture of present-day village and products of scientific observation-like trance, country life in Costa Rica. . > 1918] 493 THE DIAL . > ous. Hugo GROTIUS: the Father of the Modern the money-spending possibilities of Atlantic City, Science of International Law. By Hamilton the privileged position of American wives, the Vreeland, Jr. Oxford University Press; $2. "chicken,” the cocktail and the mint julep, the Grotius was born at seven o'clock in the even- country club, and the human side of that Euro- ing, and died "exactly at midnight.” His “vital pean myth “the American business man.” It is organs were sealed in a copper casket and buried all very gay and amusing. And the temper of in the Cathedral of Rostock, to the left of the it is almost a rebuke to some of our excesses. choir.” These and many other facts can be "I don't believe either, and no one I knew in learned from this short biography. For the book France during my year there believed, that the is narrowly biographical, containing no discus- Boche were always dirty in their tricks, though sion of the Grotian legal philosophy nor of its I will admit that they show up badly as sports- contribution to European thought. True, one men. I dislike intensely this savage hate of the twelve chapters is called "The 'De Jure propaganda that is being affected here (in the Prædæ'” and another “The 'De Jure Belli ac United States). It is stupid, useless, and danger- Pacis'”; but both chapters do little more than Didn't some philosopher say that if he describe the circumstances under which the books wanted to punish a man he would teach him how were written, briefly state their contents, and to hate? I always feel that in the same inform us that they are masterpieces. Earlier way you hide love from the rest of the world be- writers are mentioned only to exonerate Grotius cause you are proud of it, so you hide hate because of plagiarism. It is perhaps fortunate that the you are ashamed of it.” There speaks the true writer so restricted himself. When he translates sportsman. We like Lieutenant MacQuarrie all "jus" as both "law" and "right" in the same the better for this directness. But from the time sentence, we cannot help suspecting that he does he learned to accommodate himself to the public not know that the confusion of these two words horrors of our sleeping cars we liked him any- is fundamentally characteristic of Grotius and all way. The spirit of Anglo-American coöperation his followers. Mr. Vreeland, in all the lauda- is stronger for his having come here. tion of his hero pro tem, never hints at the great Hollander's chief service to the world—his rest- FORECASTING THE YIELD AND THE PRICE ing law on a basis other than theology. If Mr. OF COTTON. By Henry Ludwell Moore. Vreeland does not know these things, it is bet- Macmillan ; $2.50. ter that he content himself as he has, recount- The mark of a real science is said to be the ing the miscellaneous historical details which power of prediction, the power to forecast the make up the volume. He loves all facts impar- future. Given certain conditions, certain results tially, the small and irrelevant as much as the must follow. follow. But in the social sciences—like great and significant. He loves them as facts. An economics, sociology, and history—the human oasis in this desert might have been Grotius's es- equation enters and must be reckoned with; and cape from prison in a trunk; but Mr. Vreeland while it is doubtless ultimately true that all was on the lookout and carefully prefaced the human actions are the result of definitely related story with a statement of how it turned out. He forces, it is also true that these forces and their would probably be shocked at the thought of a relations are so complex and elusive that they historian consciously trying to prevent his work have, thus far at least, escaped our grasp. This from being dull. is especially true in the field of economics, al- Over HERE. By Hector MacQuarrie. Lip- though some advance has been made by the use of statistics and mathematical methods. The pincott; $1.35. This is frankly a book of gossipy impressions present essay on the yield and the price of cotton is a scholarly attempt to obtain a method by by a young Lieutenant of the Royal Field Artil- which accurate prediction may be possible. Math- lery, sent to this country as inspector of produc- tion for the British Government, after being ematical methods of probability are used to reduce invalided from Ypres. Now most books of gossip to system the extraction of truth contained in official statistics and to compute with relative seem impertinences in war time. But it would be an exceedingly finicky and humorless person exactitude the influence of various factors. An who did not find "Over Here" a delightful three informing chapter on the mathematics of correla- “ hours' excursion. Lieutenant MacQuarrie does tion describes clearly the method used. Two not pretend to be writing a literary masterpiece, chapters are devoted to a critical examination of and as he hopes his book will be read at home- the methods and results of the Department of that is, in England—as much as in the country Agriculture as to the yield and value per acre where he has been so observing and gracious a and of the current reports of the Weather guest, he can afford to be franker in his criticisms. Bureau as to rainfall and temperature. A better He discovers the ethnology of a big steel town, method of correlation is substituted for the offi- 494 [May 23 THE DIAL cial one, and the conclusion seems to be worked reader must occasionally make allowance for out that given certain conditions, a certain yield an excess of enthusiasm. Yet on the whole the can be forecast. The same method is then tone is restrained and the argument unassailable. carried over into the field of demand. Here How the Jugoslavs came to be in the Balkans, however the result is not so conclusive, because the incongruity of their exposed international when the supply of cotton varies, it is necessary position with their pacific character, the wrongs that the demand for other articles remain the which they have suffered from Austria-Hungary, same if the demand for cotton is to be forecast the rôle of Servia in the Balkan wars and in the accurately. Changes in style—the human equa- present conflict, the aspirations and rights of the tion-enter into the problem. Who could have South Slav peoples, the reasons why Americans forecast, for example, the slump in the bicycle should be interested in seeing justice done in industry? Again, a court goes into mourning Southeastern Europe: these are the matters to and there is an unpredictable demand for black which space is chiefly given. The South Slav goods. The demand for cotton goods may be state which Mr. Savic conceives would in- more stable than that for most goods, but the clude, besides Servia and Montenegro, Bosnia effect of high prices on consumption is a very and Herzegovina, Carniola, Goritzia, half of difficult problem to solve correctly. Many econo- Istria, all of the Dalmatian coast, and other mists question the value of mathematical state- pieces of land, aggregating one hundred thou- ments except as illustrating previously ascertained sand square miles and having a population of truth. The trouble lies in the fact that the con- about fourteen millions. To create such a state clusion is wrapped up in the mathematical pre- would mean, of course, to unite certain Balkan mise. Professor Moore has however made in states that hitherto have been independent, to this study a distinct and interesting contribution dismember Hungary, and to attach the coastal to economic literature. territories for which Italy is actively reaching out in the present conflict. Assuming the defeat SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE: The Main Prob- of the Teutonic powers, the chief difficulty is lem of the Present World Struggle. By likely to arise from the clash of interests with Vladislav R. Savic. Revell; $1.50. the Italians. Mr. Savic presents fairly the Ital- It is altogether likely that the most difficult ian claims and then produces strong armument task that will fall to the negotiators of the com- to show that they should not be allowed to stand ing peace will be the solution of the Balkan prob- as against the superior rights of the Jugoslavs. lem. Statesmen, diplomats, and warriors have Italian expansionists have an unanswerable case vainly sought such a settlement through the cen- in the Trentino, and a fairly good one in Trieste. turies; one of the most colossal blunders of the But the Dalmatian coasts southward to Albania past hundred years—the revision of the treaty (which Mr. Savic would leave autonomous) are of San Stefano at Berlin in 1875—was commit- ethnically and in other ways far more Slavic than ted in the course of the search. Two or three Italian. It is to be hoped that the Italian de- main requirements of the situation are obvious mands in this quarter will not be pressed, for to all fair-minded people. The Turk as a ruler the result could hardly fail to be discord and should be finally and completely expelled from misfortune all round. To fulfill the legitimate . Europe. The just claims of Greece should be aspirations of a long divided and oppressed peo- recognized. Most important of all, the whole ple, thereby contributing to the future stability vast stretch of territory from the Drave and the of the Southeast, and to set up the very sort of Isonzo to the Bosphorus and the Ægean should barrier to Teutonic imperialistic advance south- be laid out in a new group of states based funda- eastward which the Berlin and Vienna govern- mentally upon the principle of nationality. One ments in 1914 proposed to avert—these the of the most important of these new, truly national author convincingly puts forward as the great states would, under any arrangement, be that of reasons why “Jugoslavia" should, at the restora- the Jugoslavs, or Southern Slavs, composed of tion of peace, be allowed at last to become a the Serbs, the Croats, and the Slovenes; and in reality. Savic's "South-Eastern Europe” are presented in vivid fashion the arguments for this particular ON THE HEADWATERS OF PEACE RIVER. part of the general readjustment. The author By Paul Leland Haworth. Scribner; $4. is a native Serb who has been head of the press We owe most of the good books of backwoods bureau in the foreign office at Belgrade, and also travel to men who are lured into the wilds by the a correspondent of various English and other spirit of adventure rather than stern necessity. foreign newspapers. He writes good journalistic If Daniel Boone had been a writer, there would English and shows a considerable acquaintance have remained comparatively few opportunities with modern European history and politics. The for men like Ernest Thompson Seton, Stewart 1918] 495 · THE DIAL Edward White, and Paul Leland Haworth to General Younghusband (not to be confused distinguish themselves. But the earlier woods- with a scholarly brother who led the British to men had neither the leisure nor the ability to Lhassa) has seen fit to regale us with many chronicle more than the barest outlines of their such excerpts from a life devoted to soldiering achievements. Mr. Haworth possesses in a in India, Egypt, and South Africa, and the selec- marked degree the faculty of seeing in retrospect tions are not very amusing. We are certain that the picturesque features of an expedition. With subalterns of the new army will have better taste a guide who had been part way he penetrated than to train their dogs to "go for niggers," and into the upper reaches of the Peace River basin those of them who have seen the heroism and and explored some hitherto unvisited country. sacrifices of the Indian Army in France, East While the trip involved some hardships and re- Africa, the Dardanelles, Palestine, and Mesopo- quired considerable skill in woodcraft, it did not tamia will certainly refrain from designating present any extraordinary danger. The adven- their Aryan comrades by that name. But Gen- tures were chiefly those which come to all hunters eral Younghusband is frankly of the old school, and fishermen who get far away from beaten and his pages contain interesting and exciting tracks. There was enough pot-hunting to make records of Asiatic adventure. Glimpses of the it interesting from the sportsman's point of view, early days on the Northwest Frontier of India, inasmuch as the game included bear, moose, of the customs and methods of fighting among mountain sheep, and the like, and certain of the Afghan and Afridi, including experiences among streams provided royal fishing. Mr. Haworth the picturesque Shans of the Burmese frontier, named one of the unmapped peaks Mount Lloyd on the Egyptian hinterland, and in South Africa, George, a stream after the heroic aviator Warne- help to light up swashbuckling annals that were ford, and a mountain range for Marshal Joffre. nuts and wine to the adolescent Kipling, but He discovered the glacier that makes the Quada- which are rapidly growing old-fashioned. Gen- cha River white and cleared up a popular mis- eral Younghusband only once surpasses himself conception of the reason for the phenomenon. -in his portrait of the Column Commander he These were practically all of the geographical fought under in South Africa; we can only hope results of the expedition. The book is mainly a that the new army will discover many men of very fascinating record of an out-of-door man's that knightly mould. The author has been free good time. in recording the names of kings, generals, and many nonentities in his pages, but we wish that A Soldier's MEMORIES. By Major-Gen- the name of the Column Commander had sur- eral Sir George Younghusband. Dutton; $5. vived. It is safe to say that the reminiscences of We did not expect to find the General illu- British army officers dating from the period be- minating on the Indian problem, and we are not fore the present world struggle will soon give disappointed. He belongs to that defunct school way to the experiences of youthful veterans now of Anglo-Indian officials who, writing on India engaged in making history. One would expect and the Indians, are at their best when they are sentimental. Thus the devotion of the old na- the old and the new schools to belong to the tive officer, Ibrahim Khan, to the Younghusband period of the Boer War and after; but the latest family is fittingly recorded. It is to the civil War Office statistics show the heavy toll taken and military officers of the present generation of the South African veterans. Thus such vol- umes as Sir George Younghusband's are the last that we look for a solution of the problem. to cover the period from the Afghan to the Boer On the whole, the author's long service in War. From the literary point of view, apart India has not gleaned the rich harvest of that from the technical point of view now grown fascinating ethnical laboratory we have been rewarded with in books from men slightly his obsolete, the change will be welcome. It is a commonplace that wit and humor have had small junior. Nor are the sketches of the men he has place in these records of the recent past, when met, from King Edward to officers like Roberts a certain brand of labored, smoking-room hilar- and Kitchener, of any value to the biographer. ity glossed the horseplay and skylarking famil- impressions, including those of a brief sojourn in Writing like a soldier, however, he makes his iarly associated with the "griffins"-as raw young America, typical of that military valetudinarian- subalterns are termed on their first, callow ap- ism of which General Younghusband is a notable pearances in India. Since the Territorial regi- example. example. We are indebted to him for some ments took up the garrisoning of India and the interesting data on British mess and regimental Colonies during the present war, the hobblede- customs which will appeal to the new army, hoy of the Kipling school has given way to the together with a chapter on the almost forgotten university-bred and far more intelligent type of deeds that won the coveted Cross for some of junior officer. his contemporaries in Victorian India. 496 [May 23 THE DIAL. ARE SO CASUAL COMMENT need to be so meticulously discriminating and friendly. American intellectual circles will not THE GERMAN IMPERIALISTS WHO be aggrieved at any severe judgment on Dr. But- gaily plundering the border states of Russia and ler's intellectual processes. And Mr. Birrell may so busily handing out dukedoms and petty princi- rest easy in his mind about such severity's tend- palities to the faithful, will not read Presidenting by ever so infinitely little to disturb that intel- Wilson's Red Cross speech with any considerable lectual rapprochement which is one of the hap- pleasure. It is the first public announcement piest by-products of the present Anglo-American from the Allied side that the open season in coöperation. Russia has definitely closed. Sooner or later the clique of titled bandits who are leading Germany What Miss DeutsCH HAS TO SAY ABOUT and the German people to ruin will realize that there is a certain irreducible minimum librarians' salaries in this issue of The Dial is which they must offer before they can even dis-, reënforced in a letter recently prepared by a com- mittee of the Association of American Library cuss peace with the Allies. That minimum has Schools and addressed to library trustees and been stated in Germany itself and by the majority librarians. The letter sets forth that the present of a body they now affect to despise—the Reichs- tag. Sooner or later the military party will great demand, in business and in government bureaus, for persons skilled in filing and realize that the famous phrase of the resolution- no annexations and no indemnities—does repre- indexing has created a situation which "has sent a political reality which they must cal- affected directly or indirectly nearly all libraries culate upon. May the German people themselves and has become a grave one in some of the soon realize it too. For although the Allies larger.” Last year, for instance, two depart- may demand much more than a status quo peace, ments of the New York Public Library lost no less than 208 trained employees to this competi- from the temper of President Wilson's speech tion. The committee estimates that "probably it is clear they will not even discuss peace until this much has been guaranteed. 1000 persons receiving salaries from $500 to $1000 have been drawn out of active library work by initial salaries of $1000 to $1500." IN A RECENT issue of the LONDON "Na- Clearly this competition will not relax during tion” Augustine Birrell concludes a review of the war, and may not afterward; so that the "A World in Ferment" with this remarkable libraries must face the alternatives of paying sentence: “In an hour of testing trial we may higher salaries or submitting to incompetent serv- indeed be thankful to possess across the wide ice. What used to be an agitation for a just Atlantic such leaders of men as the two American wage is rapidly becoming a grim economic neces- Doctors—Wilson and Butler.” We say “re- We say "re- sity. It is probable that in most cases librarians, markable," for in any event it would be something and in many cases boards of trustees, are powerless odd to discover an English contemporary so eager to meet the situation from present appropriations; to prove the intellectual leadership of an ally, but in addressing them, the committee, who can , hitherto seldom conceded any intellectual leader scarcely address the holders of the public purse ship, as to advance this astounding comparison. strings throughout the country, have done what The sentence is all the more remarkable how they could to get the situation recognized in the ever in view of the curious pattern of the review proper quarters. It remains for library officers which precedes, the strangest mosaic of satire to urge upon the authorities not only the justice and amiability that we have read for a long time of higher salaries, but their immediate necessity even in the “Nation.” That characteristic of if the library is not to fall away from what effi- Dr. Butler's style and method of thought, sen- ciency it has attained in its public function. tentious platitude, has evidently not escaped so discerning and shrewd a critic as Mr. Birrell. THAT THE NEFARIOUS INTERLOCKING OF But he is terribly nice about it: “I will add, as nearly as possible in Dr. Butler's own words, business with politics has its parallel in the which at times glow with an unconquerable academic world in the interlocking of business optimism' I find it easier to love than to share, with doctrine and academic control is of course half-a-dozen of his Sententiae, which may serve no secret. The cases of Nearing, Keasbey, Cat- us, in default of any Thomas Fuller of our own, tell, Dana, Beard, and others keep reminding us, for 'Good Thoughts in Bad Times.'” Here the and the dignified if impotent Association of Uni- desire to please American academic vanity obvi- versity Professors does not let us forget. But ously clashes with the desire to be somewhat that impatience with the situation should take harsher than any vanity could endure. Mr. Bir- the form of a programme for a new College of rell should be advised that he really does not Political Science, free from all control except a a 1 1918] 497 THE DIAL a firm purpose to speak and teach the truth, is Burleson certainly has the better of the argument a bit of news as welcome as it is exciting. A so far, at any rate; for it is not like the plan is afoot to create in New York a College Colonel to allow anyone else the last word- of Political Science that shall study political when he points out that "all but two of the questions purely in the spirit of science, that shall articles in the Hearst papers referred to by Mr. seek in that spirit to train public servants by Roosevelt were published before the passage of means of courses leading to the degrees of Mas- the Espionage Act (June 15, 1917) and some of ter of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy. The them before our entry into the war." This is instructors are to be chosen from the most dis- the hit direct. For if the provisions of the tinguished specialists in the various branches of Espionage Act are to be made retroactive there social science. They are to have complete self- is no logical reason why it should stop short at government, to be free from administrative any particular point. It might even go back to responsibilities and the administrative machine of the time when Colonel Roosevelt said nice things deans, presidents, and "the usual administrative about the Kaiser-long before the present war, retinue.” Such administration as may be needed to be sure, but mere chronology would be irrele- is to be carried on by a board of trustees, one vant were the retroactive principle strictly ap- half of whom are to be elected annually by the plied. It might even include professors who faculty, which is also to have exclusive power received honorary degrees from German univer- of appointment and dismissal. The influence sities, and praised the meticulous efficiency of that such a college could wield over the political Prussian scholarship. It might cover all who and academic life and standards of the country have seen ästhetic charm in the stage-settings of is, if it lived up to its programme, little short of the Munich theatre. In fact, who of us would controlling. There should be no delay in its 'scape whipping if all the nice things we said establishment. about Germany and the Germans before we en- tered the war were brought up against us? That The QUESTION OF WHAT PART ADVERTISING is the reductio ad absurdum of the theory that and reviewing play in the making of a book is per- the Espionage Act is a kind of free-for-all test of haps an older one than we think. Henry Adams, it character from birth (as some excited individ- seems, asked it a generation ago. "The Life of uals are actually trying to make it) instead of John Hay” lately gave away the long kept secret what it obviously is, a special measure for war of his authorship of "Democracy," and Henry time and war time alone. . Holt & Co., his publishers, now divulge the fact that he was also the author of "Esther,” a novel THE AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION WAR issued in 1884. "Democracy” was marketed in Service (discussed in The Dial for January 31) the usual way and has run through sixteen edi- now reports that more than three million books tions. “Esther" was neither advertised nor sent were donated to the soldiers and sailors in the out for review, the author making it a test of a recent campaign. Not only the number but also book's opportunity to succeed on its own merit- the high quality of the donations exceeded the and who remembers "Esther"? Had the novel librarians' expectations. The library thus assem- been another "Democracy" the test might have bled is one third larger than the Congressional had some value. But where was an author-or, and handsomely lives up to the Association's an- for that matter, his publisher-a sound judge of nounced aim: "For every man in service a book his book's merit? Even while the publisher is in service." Best of all, it permits the library advertising the book's excellence, the reviewers funds to be devoted more to building and main- begin speaking for the ultimate judge, the public; tenance than to the purchase of books. Here is and that is a verdict which generally occasions cause for congratulation—but not for ceasing to some revision, either downward or upward, in give. Shortly there will be long casualty lists their claims. Make reviewing difficult, and you among the three million volumes, whose ranks delay, more than likely you prevent, the handing must receive constant reënforcements from fresh down of that verdict. Wine may perhaps dis- donations. One must however observe certain pense with a bush, but books are not books with- precautions in his giving: these librarians, like out reviewers. their public colleagues, play the censor. Zola's "L'Assommoir," Daudet's "Sapho," and Mau- IN THE AMUSING QUARREL D’ESTIME, AS IT . passant's “Bel-Ami," it appears, are to have no might be called, between Postmaster General Bur- chance to rub the bloom off our soldiers. But if leson and ex-President Roosevelt apropos of the one is so fortunate as to possess a copy of the degree of patriotism manifested by the New York famous expurgated edition of Felicia Hemans's "Tribune," "Collier's," and the "Metropolitan" poems, one has no right to withhold it from the as contrasted with the Hearst newspapers, Mr. army. a 498 [May 23 THE DIAL BRIEFER MENTION ris Longstreth is possessed of much enthusiasm for his subject but little native ability in organizing Many, we suppose, are the reasons for travel- his impressions. He starts out by writing a sort ing: pure wanderlust; the desire to say, “Yes, I of daily journal which gives an account of his trip have been there”; and the expectancy of its being through the mountains. Then he breaks off into the short road to culture. And as many as the chapters, wherein he discusses the tree and ani- reasons for doing it are the varieties of books mal life found there, the inns, a few of the better written to coax the cautious dollar from the pockets known peaks—all somewhat incoherently done. of those who are smitten with the travel fever. When at length he gives us a bibliography of Adi- We remember hearing one of our best known rondack literature, we discover that there really globe-trotters say some four years ago that South is a need both for reliable, comprehensive guides America would be the tourists' Mecca in the near and for records of impressions. Both are indeed future. Since that time numberless have been meager and incomplete. Perhaps the nearest ap- the books issued regarding that continent—some proach to the latter is Dr. Henry Van Dyke's picturing it a second Eden, some as the breeding- account of his ascent of, Ampersand in “Little place of every ill known to man, and some taking Rivers." a middle ground. In "Vagabonding down the “Finland and the Finns,” by Arthur Reade Andes” (Century; $4.) Mr. Franck shows it as a (Dodd, Mead; $2.), is a timely book, considering country little removed from savagery, where even that the world is looking so much to Russia and her the largest cities do not know the alpha of clean- sister states just now. It is a clear exposition of the liness or sanitation and where the natives are still various political and social problems of the Finnish using the primitive instruments of the Incas. He people. This means giving the reader an interesting asserts over and over that many of the leaders historical perspective wherein is traced the varying in society there are of an intelligence equal to that Russian, Swedish, and Finnish influences. Finland of a schoolboy in our country. To one of Mr. is a most remarkable example of a country pre- Franck's temperament, however, this very primi- serving intact its national traits in spite of outside tiveness is one of the country's chief charms. With oppression. There are also fine chapters on the the winding road ever beckoning him on, he makes painting, music, and literature of Finland, on edu- the journey from Colombia to Argentina mostly cation there and the status of woman, and a suffi- on foot along the little frequented roads and trails ciently clear account of the chief industries. of the mid-Andes. He gets so far out of touch Beside all this the author shows us both city and with the world that he is obliged to make him- country folk-their manners, customs, and beliefs. self understood with his few words of Quichua, Today one is permitted to study the potentialities the ancient Indian language. Part of the journey of any country and especially of a country as young is amusingly reminiscent of R. L. S., for Mr. Franck (politically speaking) as Finland, for it is only buys a donkey to carry his luggage. Whatever the within the last decade that this race has managed difficulties of bitter cold, or hard travel, the adven- to make its own language the official one for every turer clings to his camera and as a result we have purpose. Just here is where Mr. Reade's book a most unusual collection of photographs. The book is valuable: it is an authoritative source of material makes good reading but is hardly likely to create for such a study-material wholly pertinent and enthusiasm in the breast of the ordinary tourist sensibly classified a book not to be missed by any or business man. One prefers to suffer the trib- student of today's affairs. ulations of South American travel by proxy. One would imagine that there was no corner In striking contrast to the cold, forbidding of Europe but had been described over and over, Andean landscape and hard travel there, is Robert yet that there is something new Eugénie M. Fryer Shackleton's comfortable motor trip through the reveals, classifying some beautiful places under the soft smiling landscape of Great Britain-a trip title of “The Hill-Towns of France” (Dutton; made with almost no engine trouble, over nearly $2.50). She has put them into four groups: “First, perfect roads, and punctuated by stops at the best the large town, commanded and protected by the of inns. Mr. Shackleton tells how, in six weeks, all turrets and massive towers of its walls and cita- points of historical or literary interest or of beauty del; second, the feudal castle, the residence of were visited in a roundabout journey that goes some great lord about whose walls a straggling through Wales, over into England, along the Wye town has grown up; third, the fortified town, com- valley, the coast of Somerset and Devon, the whole munal in character, which governed by no over- south coast of England, north to Canterbury, Lon- lord and possessed of no castle, protects itself from don, and on to Oxford and Stratford, Warwick, invasion by fortifying its houses and churches also; Coventry, east to the North Sea coast, then inland fourth, the monastic hill-town, its defences built again to Lincoln and York, and on north into primarily to defend a shrine." It is in one sense a Scotland to Edinburgh, the lakes, the highlands, guidebook, but it is no less a book to be enjoyed and back southwest to Glasgow, and south through by the winter fireside. Almost thirty towns are de- the English lake country, Sherwood, Haddon Hall, scribed without too many clichés, and the history and at last to Liverpool. “Touring Great Britain” or romance of each one given; and such is the (Penn Publishing Co.; $2.50) is three things in art of the author that the very spirit of France, one: a readable story, a splendid guidebook, and the essence of her beauty and strength, is put upon a beautiful gift book. the page. The book is charmingly illustrated with In “The Adirondacks” (Century; $2.50) T. Mor- both drawings and photographs. 1918] 499 THE DIAL For all our admiration for France, even our affection, French literature cannot yet be said to appeal very widely to American readers. Certainly the easiest form to begin with is the short story, and Willard Huntington Wright's "The Great Modern French Stories" (Boni & Liveright; $1.50) offers a convenient and interesting means of approach. Its introduction of twenty-nine pages traces with clarity and some distinction, but with a rather noticeable disregard of foreign influence- Scott is barely mentioned and Poe not at all the development of French fiction as a whole, rather than that of the short story, from Rousseau to Barrès and Philippe. Then follow in satisfactory translations twenty-two stories by a score of writers -it is Maupassant who is represented by three. Such a choice must of course include some stories that have become hackneyed through inclusion in numerous anthologies, but most of them are fresh as well as typical of their authors. Short biog- raphies of the authors and a discriminating account of available translations of their works into Eng- lish, a valuable assistance to libraries and other purchasers who would avoid inadequate editions, complete this useful and well arranged book. The casual traveler in our Southwestern country who comes suddenly upon the serene gray ruins of an old Spanish mission outlined against the radiant sky must stop to wonder what events in the human drama produced the air of mystery and romance which hangs about its crumbling walls. Its architecture, conspicuously out of time and place in its present environment and thereby the more precious; a solitary goat nibbling in subdued fashion in the deserted kitchen garden; half remem- bered tales of subterranean passages for retreat: such fragments of recollection will be happily re- vived by the "Stories of the Old Missions of Cali- fornia" in Charles Franklin Carter's book (Paul Elder; $1.50). These legends are recognized in ). the recorded history of the period and they reflect the spirit of rebellion which occasionally flared up among the mission Indians, as well as the peaceful and industrious life which for the most part they followed under the civilizing influence of the Fathers. In his folk stories of the sea Wilbur Bassett tells us that all the tales of "Wander-Ships" (Open Court Publishing Co.; $1.50) are variations from five familiar types: phantom-ships, devil-ships, death-ships, reward-ships, and punishment-ships. “The Flying Dutchman,” for instance, is technically a punishment-ship. Still it is reassuring that each new appearance of a wander-ship tale, bringing with it something of glamor and mystery, makes its own uncritical appeal to lovers of the sea. In these days one wonders whether the advent of the submarine may not produce a whole new literature of sea legends. And the submarine itself—is it to add a sixth classification to Mr. Bassett's five, or will it find itself at home among the devil- ships? The author's notes on the origin of wander- ship legends include variants of the narratives which are often more interesting, because less elaborated, than the versions he has selected. That English scholarship pursues its wonted way despite the abysmal distractions of the great war within hearing distance is suggested by the latest volume of “Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature" (Oxford University Press; $2.40) con- taining the papers read during the session 1916-17. Aside from a paper on Carlyle's “French Revolu- tion,” which cannot avoid letting the din of the present in, the essays concern themselves with “The Romantic Age in Italian Literature," "Ann Rad- cliffe,” “The Modern Hindustani Drama," "Dante and Boethius," "Currents of English Drama in the Eighteenth Century,” and “Góngora.” Of the “French Revolution” J. Holland Rose remarks: “The whole work, indeed, belongs to the poetry of revolt-a revolt directed against the new Supply- and-Demand England quite as much as against the shams of l'ancien régime." And later: "Was not the seer of Chelsea right? Has not our modern civilization blinkered the soul and hobbled the feet of man? Is he not the tool and victim of the machinery created about a century ago ? And is not civilization now in danger of perishing under the load of the inventions, of which, even in their initial stages, Carlyle discerned the danger?” This reminds one of Bergson's remarks, at the beginning of the war, about the swallowing up of man by the machinery he has created, and of Emerson's line of long ago, “Things are in the saddle, and ride mankind.” How often has the spectator thought of the ideals that animate the actor?-the great actor, for it is simple enough to gage the standards of the “my part" performer. How much is the product of intellect, how much of emotion, how much of train- ing? Mrs. Fiske claims in the book “Mrs. Fiske: Her Views on Actors, Acting, and the Problems of Production," by Alexander Woolcott (Century; $2.), that from the beginning good acting is science almost to the very end, although “great acting, of course, is a thing of the spirit; in its best estate a convey- ance of certain abstract spiritual qualities, with the person of the actor as medium." But as for her personal taste, “as soon as I suspect a fine effect is being achieved by accident, I lose interest. I am not interested, you see, in unskilled labor.” Mrs. Fiske is of course the scientific actor par excellence. Her present production of “Madame Sand” is visi- ble proof of that. She appeared on the stage as soon as she could walk; she had a speaking part as soon as she could talk; for her the stage has never held any glamor. It is as natural a phenomenon as the air or the sky. Upon such a biographical background does Mr. Woolcott, one time dramatic critic of the New York “Times," base his table talks with Mrs. Fiske. They contain brilliance, humor, sound sense; to anyone who loves the thea- tre, they are enthralling. For Mrs. Fiske is a scientist no less in regard to theatrical production than in her method of acting. She believes implicitly in the artistic integrity of the professional stage. Her views on the repertory theatre and the earnest students of the drama will shock and astound those ladies and gentlemen. 500 [May 23 THE DIAL COMMUNICATION The Greek Theater and Its Drama By ROY C. FLICKINGER Professor of Greek and Latin, Northwestern University TH CO- HE noteworthy features of ancient drama and its production, which are usually regarded as unrelated, have been marshaled by the author under one ordinating principle. The material is freshened at every point by conclusions of the latest investigators. The range of topics discussed is unusually wide; scores of books, magazines, and monographs would be re- quired to obtain the same information. Moreover, the results of the author's own researches appear on every page. The illustrative material is profuse, and much of it appears now for the first time. The bibliographical references are sufficient to put the reader in immediate touch with the latest and most significant works in the field. The OXFORD METHOD IN ENGLISH INSTRUCTION (To the Editor of The Dial.) Your reviewer's article of April 11, entitled “The Oxford Spirit,” suggests the possibility of utilizing the methods of Oxford in our study of English. As a graduate of Oxford, or more strictly as a holder of the certificate given to women by Oxford in lieu of the Honors degree, I am deeply inter- ested in the point touched on by Mr. Hack. How far the general doctrine of Oxford could be applied to our secondary system I am unable to say; but in the English work of our colleges two at least of its methods should produce far better results than we are at present obtaining. Those two meth- ods are the refusal to treat English composition as a separate study, and the system of "set books." Every student of letters, ancient or modern, at Oxford, must write, write, write upon the books he is studying and the affiliations of those books. He is obliged in many cases to extend his study to other literatures and he must invariably relate his literary topic to its historical and philosophical background. Thus the realization of the immense nexus of influences spread through all literature and all history, of the binding and loosing power of personalities and of systems, of the recombinations which we call “literary periods” comes sooner and more clearly to Oxford students than to those of other universities. And the power of expression is not there cultivated as an isolated growth; Oxford believes that only the developing mind can set free real power to express, and that the growth of such power proceeds most sanely by discussing the essay- ists, the historians, and the poets whose noble and lucid English may at once discipline the student's language and stimulate his thought. The mass of trivial, ephemeral, and personal subject matter so frequently offered to and offered by students of our "required theme” courses is once for all excluded. Inasmuch as the great majority of the men who conduct these Oxford courses have themselves un- dergone that training, they are as able to criticize their students' expressive power as to criticize their facts or their logic. The prime difficulty in apply- ing this “Oxford method” throughout 'our letters and history courses would be the number of pres- ent day instructors who are insensitive to English speech, and insensitive because of the false separa- tion of their study-discipline from their expression- discipline during their undergraduate years. The other aspect of Oxford's "English" method of which I would speak is the study of “set books." The so-called “rapid reading" courses of some of our colleges are no parallel to the Oxford work. One play by such an author, two poems by such another, part of a novel by another, one canto of So-and-so's epic, so many chapters of a certain his- tory—these and a score of similar extracts are to give the American student his idea of the "period." And when this is covered at the rate required by our short-term colleges, it is next to impossible that a clear impression of any single work or of the interrelations of those works should be received A full General Index makes it easy to reassemble the material and examine it from a different point of view. To any serious student of the drama, whether ancient or modern, the work is indispensable. It is written in a style attractive to the general reader, and presupposes no knowledge of the Greek language. The complete Index of Passages which is appended to the volume will enable teachers to emphasize the salient points of antiquarian interest in any play which they may be reading with a class. xxvii+342 pages, cloth; $3.00, postage extra (Weight 2 lbs. 11 oz.) THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 5803 Ellis Avenue CHICAGO ILLINOIS 1918] 501 THE DIAL or retained. Oxford selects a few works from each "age"; these are read in part in class, dis- cussed as wholes in class and in the papers, with their values, their influences, their relations. Col- lateral readings are advised and urged; and in the Honors Finals the student has to show not only knowledge of the "set books," but related reading and thinking not done under guidance. I write “knowledge”; but at Oxford neither read- ing nor knowledge is a substitute for thought. ELEANOR PRESCOTT HAMMOND. Chicago, Illinois. EUROPE'S FATEFUL HOUR By Guglielmo Ferrero Author of "Ancient Rome and Modern America," "Greatness and Decline of Rome,” etc. This great Italian writer and publicist in his new book takes up the problems of the war not in the narrow sense of Italy's national aspirations, but rather from the point of view of the fundamental causes and issues of the struggle so vitally affecting civiliza- tion. Mr. Ferrero's studies of Roman history have made him world famous as an interpreter of the human aspects of the conflicts attending the rise and fall of nations. Demi 8vo. $2.00 NOTES AND NEWS THE GRAFTONS By Archibald Marshall Author of "Exton Manor," "Abington Abbey,” etc. More of the delightful new English family Mr. Marshall introduced in "Abington Abbey" where we left the daughters of the Abbey still unmated with the promise of further revelations in a book to come. That book is here in "The Graftons." A great deal of Mr. Marshall's delicate humour and many joys are combined in a novel that reads exactly like life itself. $1.50 Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, Baron Dunsany, is well known not only by his plays, upon which he comments in the letter printed in this issue of The Dial, but also by his volumes of fan- tastic tales: "The Gods of Pegana," 1905; "Time and the Gods," 1906; "The Sword of Welleran," 1908; “A Dreamer's Tales,” 1910; "The Book of Wonder,” 1912; "The Last Book of Wonder” (all published in America by Luce); and “Fifty-One Tales,” 1915 (Kennerley). He is now an officer in the Coldstream Guards. J. E. Spingarn, whose "Creative Criticism" (Holt) was reviewed in the leading article of The Dial for August 16, 1917, was formerly Pro- fessor of Comparative Literature in Columbia Uni- versity. At present he is on active duty as a Major of Infantry in the United States Army. Among his earlier books was "New Criticism" (Lemcke). R. E. Neil Dodge, whose edition of the poems of Edmund Spenser appeared in 1908, is an Assistant Professor of English in the University of Wisconsin. As an undergraduate Herbert J. Seligmann was an editor of "The Harvard Monthly.” He has since been connected with “The New Republic" and is now engaged in newspaper work in New York City. Poems by Clara Shanafelt have appeared in "Poetry" and "The Egoist." The other contributors to this issue have pre- viously written for The DIAL. PSYCHICAL PHENOM. ENA AND THE WAR By Heroward Carrington Author of "The Physical Phenomena of Spiritual ism," etc. A discussion of the psychology of the soldier in action, the psychology of German "frightfulness," and various phenomena of death which have been noted during this war, at the battle front and by rela- tives at home. $2.00 THE MIRACLE OF ST. ANTHONY: A Play By Maurice Maeterlinck A humorous satire contrasting the attitudes of the rich and the poor toward spiritual things. This is the authorized translation by Teixeira. With a bio- graphical sketch of Maeterlinck by Edward Thomas. A portrait frontispiece. Binding uniform with the author's other works. Cloth, $1.50 Joseph Jastrow's “Psychology of Conviction" is on the May list of Houghton Mifflin Co. “The Structure of Lasting Peace," by H. M. Kallen, which was concluded in The Dial for February 28, is about to appear in book form under the imprint of the Marshall Jones Co. Among the May books of D. Appleton & Co. are "An Ethical Philosophy of Life," by Felix Adler, and “Problems in Cost Accounting,” by DeWitt C. Eggleston. The Harpers have just issued a new edition of Creasy's “Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World,” enlarged to include chapters on the battles of the present war. The Lichnowsky "memorandum" is announced by G. P. Putnam's Sons under the title "The Guilt of Germany." The volume will include Von Jagow's reply and a preface by Gilbert Murray. PATRIOTIC PLAYS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE By Virginia Olcott There has been a strong demand in our public libraries for just such plays as these, and they will meet with the enthusiastic approval of parents, teach- ers and children. These plays deal with such timely subjects as food conservation, industry, thrift, and Red Cross work. Illustrated in color and in black and white, showing costumes, etc. $1.25 New Books Published by DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY & 502 [May 23 THE DIAL HH 15*UKS MOLAR DOOKJELLERO A URO 2 AVIONARI The Century Co. have forthcoming a translation of the latest Goncourt Prize winner, “La Flamme au Poing," by Henry Malherbe, and "The Fighting Engineers,” by Francis A. Collins. The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 826 North LaSalle Street, Chicago, wishes to get in touch with writers who make a specialty of evan- gelical religious stories of moderate length. Volume IV of Eden and Cedar Paul's transla- tion of Treitschke's "History of Germany in the XIXth Century," covering the years 1819 to 1830, is one of the May issues of Robert M. McBride & Co. E. P. Dutton & Co. announce for early issue an addition to their “Musician's Book Shelf Series"- “I visited with a natural rapture the “On Listening to Music," by E. Markham Lee -and Arnold Wright's "Early English Adventurers largest bookstore in the world." in the East." “The Waste Basket,” which is published from See the chapter on Chicago, page 43, "Your Chicago, is a new bi-monthly magazine written United States," by Arnold Bennett exclusively by young people between the ages of sixten and twenty-one. It offers prizes for prose It is recognized throughout the country and verse. that we earned this reputation because we Next month the Macmillan Co. will publish have on hand at all times a more complete “Your Negro Neighbor," by Benjamin Brawley, assortment of the books of all publishers than whose book "The Negro in Literature and Art" can be found on the shelves of any other book- was issued this spring by Duffield & Co. The lat- dealer in the entire United States. It is of in The DIAL of May 11, 1916. Mr. Brawley is ter contained a supplementary chapter first printed interest and importance to all bookbuyers to also the author of "A Short History of the Ameri- know that the books reviewed and advertised can Negro" (Macmillan). in this magazine can be procured from us with Hereafter the books of Thorstein Veblen—"The the least possible delay. We invite you to Theory of the Leisure Class," "The Instinct of Workmanship,” “Imperial Germany and the In- visit our store when in Chicago, to avail your- dustrial Revolution,” and “The Nature of Peace" self of the opportunity of looking over the —will appear under the imprint of B. W. Huebsch books in which you are most interested, or to at the uniform price of $1.60. Mr. Huebsch an- call upon us at any time to look after your nounces that other volumes by this author are now book wants. in preparation. Among the late May publications by Dodd, Mead & Co. will be: Maeterlinck's "The Miracle of Special Library Service St. Anthony," translated by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos; “Out There," a play by J. Hartley Man- We conduct a department devoted entirely French ; "Psychical Phenomena and the War," by ners; “Great Ghost Stories,” edited by Joseph L. to the interests of Public Libraries, Schools, Hereward Carrington; and “The Revolution Ab- Colleges and Universities. Our Library De- . solute," by Charles Ferguson. partment has made a careful study of library Brentano's are publishing this month the first two requirements, and is equipped to handle all volumes of their series of "Harvard Plays” (boards, library orders with accuracy, efficiency and $1. each). Volume I contains recent plays from despatch. This department's long experience the “47 Workshop,” the laboratory of Professor in this special branch of the book business, George Pierce Baker's course in dramatic com- combined with our unsurpassed book stock, position, “English 47”; and Volume II contains enable us to offer a library service not excelled some recent plays of the Harvard Dramatic Club. Professor Baker has edited the collections and has elsewhere. We solicit correspondence from supplied an introduction. Librarians unacquainted with our facilities. May non-fiction issues of George H. Doran Co. include: “The Achievements of the British Navy A. C. McCLURG & CO. CO. in the World War," by, John Leland; “Aircraft in ; H. Retail Store, 218 to 224 South Wabash Avenue "Winged Warfare," by Major W. A. Bishop; "Frontiers of Freedom,” by Secretary Baker; “Ja- Library Department and Wholesale Offices: pan or Germany,” by Frederic Coleman; a volume 330 to 352 East Ohio Street of verse by Amelia J. Burr, "The Silver Trumpet"; Chicago and two books by Annette Kellermann—“How to Swim" and "Physical Beauty: How to Keep It." ) а 1918] 503 THE DIAL Announcing the following titles —unusual books for readers of discriminating taste- The Book of Job as a Greek Tragedy Restored HORACE MEYER KALLEN $1.25 Net Reflections on War and Death DR. SIGMUND FREUD $0.75 Net Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton LEWIS A. LEONARD $2.50 Net Awake! America WILLIAM T. HORNADAY $1.25 Net Common Sense in Politics THE HON. JOB E. HEDGES (New Edition) $1.00 Net The Prisoner of War in Germany DR. DANIEL J. McCARTHY (Third Edition) $2.00 Net During the German spring drive over 90.000 prisoners were taken. Here is the chronicle of what their lives will be MOFFAT, YARD & COMPANY 116 West 32d Stroet, NEW YORK THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CONVICTION BY JOSEPH JASTROW PRO LIST OF NEW BOOKS [The following list, containing 152 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] THE WAR. Over the Threshold of War. By Nevil Monroe Hop- kins. Illustrated, 8vo, 375 pages. J. B. Lippin- cott Co. Boxed, $5. Bombs and Hand Grenades: British, French, and German. By Captain Bertram Smith. Illus- trated, 8vo, 90 pages. E. P. Dutton Co. $2. A Minstrel in France. By Harry Lauder. Illus- trated, 8vo, 338 pages. Hearst's International Library Co. $2. Flashes from the Front. By Charles H. Grasty. Illustrated, 12mo, 306 pages. The Century Co. $2. Shellproof Mack. By Arthur Mack. Illustrated, 12mo, 224 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.35. Shock at the Front. By William T. Porter. 12mo, 151 pages. The Atlantic Monthly Press. $1.25. Women of the War. By Mrs. Francis McLaren. With an introduction by H. H. Asquith. Illus- trated, 8vo, 160 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25. Liége, on the Line of March. By Glenna L. Bige- low. With frontispiece, 12mo, 156 pages. John Lane Co. $1. Letters from an American Soldier to His Father. By Curtis Wheeler. 12mo, 114 pages. Bobbs- Merrill Co. 75 cts. FICTION. Nocturne. By Frank Swinnerton. With an intro- duction by H, G. Wells. 12mo, 250 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.40. His Second Wife. By Ernest Poole. 12mo, 302 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Mainland. By E. L. Grant Watson. 12mo, 311 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.50. Gold and Iron. By Joseph Hergesheimer. 12mo, 332 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.50. Rekindled Fires. By Joseph Anthony. With frontis- piece, 12mo, 347 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.40. Soldiers Both. By Gustave Guiches. Translated by Frederic Taber Cooper. 12mo, 321 pages. Fred- erick A. Stokes Co. $1.40. The Man Who Survived. By Camille Marbo. Trans- lated by Frank Hunter Potter. With frontis- piece, 12mo, 191 pages. Harper & Bros. $1.35. Where the Souls of Men Are Calling. By Credo Harris. With frontispiece, 12mo, 298 pages. Britton Publishing Co. $1.35. The Flying Poilu. By Marcel Nadaud. Trans- lated by Frances Wilson Huard. Illustrated, 12mo, 217 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35. First the Blade, By Clemence Dane. 12mo, 317 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Toll of the Road. By Marion Hill. With frontispiece, 12mo, 321 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. The Fighting Fool. By Dane Coolidge. 12mo, 291 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. Hope Trueblood. By "Patience Worth." 12mo, 363 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50. The Amazing Interlade. By Mary Roberts Rine- hart. Illustrated, 12mo, 317 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50. Before the Wind. By Janet Laing. 12mo, 352 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. Annington. By Edgar Jepson. 12mo, 298 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50. The Happient Time of Their Lives. By Alice Duer Miller. Illustrated, 12mo, 368 pages. The Cen- tury Co. $1.40. The Lonely Stronghold. By Mrs. Baillie Reynolds. 12mo, 381 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35. The Enchanted Barn. By Grace Livingston Hill Lutz. With frontispiece, 12mo, 313 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.35. Merry Andrew. By F. Roney Weir. Illustrated, 12mo, 361 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.35. The Heart of Arethusa. By Frances Barton Fox. With frontispiece, 12mo, 333 pages. Small, May- nard & Co. $1.35. The Girl in His House By Harold MacGrath. Il- lustrated, 12mo, 149 pages. Harper & Bros. $1.25. Johnny Pryde. By J. J. Bell. 12mo, 175 pages. Fleming H. Revell. $1. ROFESSOR JASTROW'S new book takes up the following subjects: The Psychology of Conviction; Belief and Cre- dulity; The Will to Believe in the Super- natural; The Case of Paladino; Antece- dents of the Study of Character and Tem- perament; Fact and Fable in Animal Psy- chology; "Malicious Animal Magnetism"; The Democratic Suspicion of Education; The Psychology of Indulgence; The Fem- inine Mind; Militarism and Pacificism. Like all of Professor Jastrow's work, it is both authoritative and readable. It is also especially timely, in that, as he points out, the war has contributed a very large field of phenomena for the study of psy- chology. $2.50 net מתA HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY Boston and New York 504 (May 23 THE DIAL New Publications Dynamic Psychology By ROBERT SESSIONS WOODWORTH, PH.D. 12mo, cloth, pp. ix+210. $1.50 net. Recent contributions to abnormal, social and animal psychology have brought in a number of new and important considerations especially relating to the motivation of conduct and to the proper conceptions of psychology. The author here attempts some constructive criticism of these new ideas. American City Progress and the Law By HOWARD LEE McBAIN, PH.D. 8vo, cloth, viii+269. $1.50 net. This volume discusses the legal aspects of important present-day reform movements in American cities, such as home rule by legisla- tive grant, control of the smoke nuisance and of billboards, regulation of building heights, zon- ing, excess condemnation, municipal ownership of public utilities, control over living costs, pro- visions for recreation, and the promotion of commerce and industry by cities. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS LEMCKE & BUECHNER, Agents 30-32 West 27th Street New York “One of the most momentous books which this cen- tury has 80 far produced.”-Manchester Guardian There's a book I've been intending to get for some time. You've said that of many books which have been reviewed widely and praised in extraordinary fashion. You said that of “Pelle the Conqueror” the great epic of labor by Martin Nexo in a new two volume edition. Send THE DIAL ($3.00) to a friend for a year and keep "Pelle" ($4.00) for yourself. Both for $4.00—the price of the book alone. Surely you have a friend who would be grateful to you for a fortnightly visit from THE DIAL. Remember: $7.00 value for $4.00 The publication of the translation of “Pelle the Conqueror" started as a joint enterprise_by Henry Holt & Company and a British publisher. War conditions have made it impracticable to draw fur. ther supplies from England. The book is now pub- lished here in a two volume edition ($2.00 net a volume). The volumes run to about 600 pages each. Former edition, $6.00: this edition, $4.00. was Short Stories. By Guy de Maupassant. 12mo, 165 pages. Current Literature Publishing Co. Limp leather. $1, Dere Mabel: Love Letters of a Rookie. By E. Streeter. Illustrated, 12mo, 62 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. 75 cts. POETRY AND DRAMA. The Stag's Horn Book. Edited by John McClure. 16mo, 432 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.60. Soldier's Scrap Book. By William R. Kane, Ridge- wood, N. J. 16mo, 110 pages. 60 cts. Posthumous Poems of Algernon Charles Swinburne. Edited by Edmund Gosse and Thomas James Wise. 8vo, 194 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50. An Easter Ode: 1918. By George Edward Wood- berry. 4to, 12 pages. The Woodberry Society. Paper. The Burglar of the Zodiac. By William Rose Benét. 12mo, 152 pages. Yale University Press. $1.25. The Silver Trumpet. By Amelia Josephine Burr. 12mo, 133 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1. Tropical Town, and Other Poems. By Salomón de la Selva 12mo, 132 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25. Hours of France: In Peace and War. By Paul Scott Mowrer. 12mo, 71 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1. Bill of the U. S. A., and Other War Verses. Ву Kenneth Graham Duffield. 16mo, 62 pages. Henry Altemus Co. 50 cts. Louisiana: A Pageant of Yesterday and To-Day. By Maud May Parker. 8vo, 65 pages. D. H. Holmes & Co. New Orleans. GENERAL LITERATURE. Appreciations and Depreciations. By Ernest A. Boyd. 12mo, 162 pages. John Lane Co. $1.35, French Literary Studies. By T. B. Rudmose-Brown. 12mo, 129 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25. Anglo-Irish Essays. By John Eglinton. 12mo, 129 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25. Illusions and Realities of War. By Francis Grier. son. 12mo, 192 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25. Shandygaff. By Christopher Morley. 12mo, 326 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.40. Lighted Windows. By Dr. Frank Crane. 12mo, 256 pages. John Lane Co. $1.26. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, AND REMINISCENCE. The West Florida Controversy, 1798-1813: A Study in American Diplomacy. 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Lippincott Co. Boxed, $5. Memories of Midland Politics: 1885-1910. By Fran- cis Allston Channing. Illustrated, 8vo, 434 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5.60. Confessions of the Czarina. By Count Paul Vas- sili. Illustrated, 12mo, 298 pages. Harper & Bros. $2. Joan of Are. By C. M. Stevens. Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pages. Cupples & Leon. $1.50. POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, ETC. The Limits of Pure Democracy. By W. H. Mallock. 8vo, 397 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $6. India and the Future. By William Archer. Illus- trated, 8vo, 326 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $3. The Lost Fruits of Waterloo. By John Spencer Bassett. 12mo, 289 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. 1918] 505 THE DIAL Six Interesting Books TWINKLETOES By Thomas Burke The story of a daughter of Limehouse. By the author of "Limehouse Nights." $1.35 SUSPENSE By Isabel Ostrander All that its title implies. "Enough mystery for two novels in one." $1.40 CAPTAIN GAULT By William Hope Hodgson The adventures in deception of Captain Gault, merchant-seaman and prince of smugglers. $1.35 “NOTHING OF IMPORTANCE" By Bernard Adams Life at the front as it really is when "nothing of importance" from a military standpoint is occur. ring. $1.50 INTERNED IN GERMANY By H. C. Mahoney Life in the German prison camp of Ruhleben as seen and experienced by a British prisoner of war. Illustrated. $2.00 PATENTING and PROMOTING INVENTIONS By Mois H. Avram A complete and authoritative discussion of this important subject by a leading industrial engineer. $1.50 Robert M. McBride & Co. Publishers New York "Another poet to place beside the name of Rupert Brooke."--N. Y. Times. ARDOURS AND ENDURANCES By ROBERT NICHOLS Poems of rare beauty and spirit by a young English soldier, of which the Chicago Evening Post says: “Let me simply recommend this won- derfully vivid poetry of the shock and crash of war, and of the thoughts and emotions which they evoke in a poet who knows what it is to be a soldier.' Net $1.25 SOLDIERS BOTH By GUSTAVE GUICHES A novel for every father and mother who has & son in the trenches. It is the story not of the fighting in France, but of the people and country just back of the lines—the very villages in which our boys are billeted when not on the firing line. It tells of the true heroic France that is sup- porting her men in the face of almost unsur- mountable difficulties. Net $1.40 Social Democracy Explained. By John Spargo. 12mo, 338 pages. Harper & Bros. $1.50. What is National Honor? By Leo Perla. With an introduction by Norman Angell. 12mo, 211 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. The War and the Coming Peace. 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Our bookselling experience extends over 80 yoars. 508 (May 23, 1918 THE DIAL THE LAST OF THE ROMANOFS By Charles Rivet, the Petrograd correspondent of the Paris Temps Translated, with an Introduction by Hardress O'Grady Illustrated. Net, $3.00 The New York Herald says: "A distinct addition to the important literature of the part Russia has played in the world struggle. Mr. Rivet knows Russia and the Russians, and he has the happy faculty of being able to impart his information convincingly and strikingly. In this book he gives the whole story of the Russian revolu- tion and tells why it had to be. And in conclusion he says that it would be a crime against humanity not to rejoice greatly at what has happened in Russia." GONE TO EARTH By Mary Webb, Author of “The Golden Arrow," "The Spring of Joy" Net, $1.50 About what novel of recent days—or years—could the Literary Editor of a newspaper of the standing of The Sun (New York) say (in a review covering a whole page): REBECCA WEST'S VERDICT : "Let us recall what Miss West said about it: 'The year's discovery has been Mary Webb, author of "Gone to Earth." She is a genius and I shouldn't mind wagering that she is going to be the most distinguished writer of our generation.' THE IMPRESSIVENESS OF "GONE TO EARTH." “ 'Gone to Earth' is the most impressive English novel since Thomas Hardy gave us "Tess of the D'Urbervilles. It has many points of resemblance to "Tess.' THE AUTHOR'S HIGH LITERARY LINEAGE. "Mary Webb is of the line of Meredith. In "Gone to Earth' are many Meredithean traits of style, but the fantasticalness which Meredith allowed himself is not present." THE CHARACTERS OF THE STORY. “They are put before us with exquisite and unobtrusive humor and under- standing. There is fun in this book; make no mistake about that. There is comprehension, which is of far more importance; and there is the power to convey, which is most important of all." THE AUTHOR'S LITERARY IMMORTALITY. “ 'Gone to Earth' will be read, it will be remembered. Its author is assured of something more than mere notice hereafter." SALT, OR THE EDUCATION OF GRIFFITH ADAMS In press By Charles G. Norris, Author of "The Amateur Net, $1.50 This novel tells the story of an American boy who went through school and college but who was not educated until later. It is a startling commentary on the methods of which our young men are fitted for life. Griffith Adams is an American type; there are thousands like him. His story is the history of the average collegian-only that his is perhaps the more fortunate. Business, Friendship, Love, all have their part in this story of a lovable character. THE UNWILLING VESTAL BEFORE THE WIND By Edward Lucas White Net, $1.50 By Janet Laing Net, $1.50 Author of that Remarkable Historical Novel A delightful comedy of silent laughter and chuckles. “El Supremo" Place, the coast of Scotland. Time, the present. The Outlook says: “Mr. White in his fascinating Principal characters, seven women, not very young ; story of old Rome purposely makes Emperor, Vestal one man, not very young also. A young girl and a Virgins, slaves, and every one else talk like the people V.C. disguised as a chauffeur. Villain and Villainess you see at movies or meet on the railway. For once not so very bad. An underground passage, robbery, we have a story of classical days over which we do love and a Zeppelin raid furnish the many startling not go to sleep. The same is true, of course, of 'Quo incidents and amusing results. Vadis,' but that remarkable book is far less uncon- ventional than this. THE RETINUE and Other Poems HOURS OF FRANCE By Katharine Lee Bates Net, $1.50 Containing the principal war-poems of this dis- in Peace and War Net, $1.00 tinguished author, written from 1914 to 1916 and By Paul Scott Mowrer recording the gradual change of American opinion Special War-correspondent of "Chicago Daily News" towards the war. Other poems also, of singular beauty. Poems of France, from her agony in the fighting and distinction which abound in rich and exquisite line to the calm beauty of a village church in peace- imagery and delicate turns of expression. ful Brittany. Simple, direct, intense, they strike that note of intimate personal feeling. THE OLD HUNTSMAN THE SPIRES OF OXFORD and Other Poems and Other Poems Net, $1.25 By Siegfried Sassoon Net, $2.00 The New York Sun says: By W. M. Lotto “Mr. Sassoon's talent is The Philadelphia Telegraph says: “It is a pleasure made evident in many a brilliant line of clean, strong to commend to the lover of true poetry such a book poetry. But it is for the war poems that his present of verse. One wishes the war had inspired in volume will be read and remembered." American versifiers such poetry as this little volume OVER THE HILLS OF HOME contains.” POEMS AND LYRICS and Other Poems Net, $2.00 By George Reston Malloch By Lilian Leveridge Net, $1.00 Verses, glowing with color and swaying with rhythm. Poems of universal appeal, tender sympathy and They are intensely and gloriously alive, and the varied compelling pathos, that help to ease the sorrow in nature pictures which the writer throws upon his the hearts of those who feel, but cannot express. checkered canvas are beautiful, sinister and myster- Joyous, hopeful verses, that brighten the daily out- ious. The author has caught the very Spirit of Pan look ; wafting from the hills a spirit of restfulness and and set him dancing across his pages. peace, but withal of inspiration and courage. GIRLS' CLUBS — Their Organization and Management By Helen J. Ferris In Press What have other workers with girls found successful ? This is the question which confronts every Leader of GIRLS. The answer to the question may be found in this book on Girls' Club work. From the experience of many workers with girls, the material has been gathered and presented in a definite, practical way. The organizing of Girls' Clubs is today being urged as a constructive war-time policy. Work with girls has been and is a vital problem. Those who are meeting it will find help in this book on Girls' Clubs. Postage extra. At all bookstores E. P. Dutton & Company, 681 Fifth Avenue, New York PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-OSWALD PRINTING CO., CHICAGO. THE DIAL VOLUME LXIV No. 768 JUNE 6, 1918 CONTENTS . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . · 539 . . . ANNOUNCEMENT The Editors . 521 PILGRIM SONS OF 1920. P.W.Wilson . · 522 LETTERS TO UNKNOWN WOMEN Richard Aldington 525 To Helen. GARDENS Verse Annette Wynne . 526 AN IMPERTURBABLE ARTIST Ruth McIntire. . 527 OUR PARIS LETTER. Robert Dell . 530 CONSCIOUS CONTROL OF THE BODY H. M. Kallen. . 533 The Middle WAY IN MYSTICISM C. K. Trueblood . 534 LORDS OF LANGUAGE Scofield Thayer . 536 A VARIED HARVEST. Henry B. Fuller PURPOSE AND FLIPPANCY . Randolph Bourne. 540 BRIEFS ON New BOOKS. Denmark and Sweden with Iceland and Finland.-Pictures of War Work in America.-America's essage to the Russian People.The Russian Revolution.- The Jugo-Slav Movement.-Letters of John Holmes to James Russell Lowell and Others. The Less Familiar Kipling and Kiplingana. NOTES ON New FICTION 544 Professor Latimer's Progress.-Flood Tide.-Rekindled Fires.-Twinkletocs. The Long Trick.-The Country Air.—The Restless Sex.—The Best People.-The Bag of Saffron.—Days of Discovery.-Lord Tony's Wife.-The Pawns Count. CASUAL COMMENT 547 SUMMER READING List . 549 COMMUNICATION . 550 “Le droit de réponse.” NOTES AND News . 551 LIST OF New BOOKS . 553 · 542 . . GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor HAROLD E. STEARNS, Associate Contributing Editors CONRAD AIKEN VAN WYCK BROOKS H. M. KALLEN RANDOLPH BOURNE PADRAIC COLUM CLARENCE BRITTEN ROBERT DELL HENRY B. FULLER SCOFIELD THAYER THE DIAL (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly, twenty-four times a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. For- eign subscriptions $3.50 per year. Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892 at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1918, by THE DIAL Publishing Company, Inc. Published by The DIAL Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel, Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. 520 (June 6, 1918 THE DIAL Ernest Poole's Poole's New New Novel HIS SECOND WIFE “Mr. Poole is one of the foremost of our modern novelists.' “A novel of which American literature may well be proud. Seldom has any American writer done better work."—N. Y. Tribune. $1.50 / FOE-FARRELL Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch'. Now Nooel "One of the most authentic works of creative genius that have enriched our literature for many a year."—N. Y. Tribune. $1.50 IN THE FOURTH YEAR H. G. Wells' New Book A review of the war and the great forces at work in the allied countries to establish a new order. $1.25 “THE DARK PEOPLE": RUSSIA'S CRISIS Ernest Poole'. New Book "The most important book about Russia that has appeared since the Revolution-deep in under- standing and deserving careful attention." Il. Second Edition. $1.50 CO-OPERATION: THE HOPE OF THE CONSUMER By Emerson P. Harris The Failure of Middlemanism, Reasons and the Remedy, Practical Coöperation, Background and Outlook are the titles of the parts into which this new work is divided. $2.00 AMERICA AMONG THE NATIONS H. H. Powers' New Book Our relation to foreign nations in terms of the great geographical, biological and psychic forces which shape national destiny. $1.80 THE DEVELOPMENT OF JAPAN By Kenneth Scott Latourette A sane, lucid account of the history of the Japanese Empire. Ready May 21 THE LOST FRUITS OF WATERLOO John Spencer Bassett'. New Book A careful historical examination of the idea of a federation of nations to establish permanent peace. $1.50 TOWARD THE GULF Edgar Lee Masters' New Poems Another series of fearlessly true and beautiful poems revealing American life few books have done. $1.50 HISTORY OF LABOR IN THE UNITED STATES By John R. Commons With collaborators, John B. Andrews, Helen L. Sumner, H. E. Hoagland, Selig. Perlman, David J. Saposs, E. B. Mittelman, and an introduction by Henry W. Farnam. A complete authentic his- tory of labor in the United States based on original sources. 2vols. $6.50 A TRAVELLER IN WAR TIME Winston Charchill', New Book A most unusual picture of actual conditions in England and France, vivid descriptions of the great battle front and the story of America's con- tribution. Ready in June WAR BREAD By Alonzo E. Taylor It is the duty of every American to know what the wheat problem is; here an authority vigor. ously presents the facts which should be commonly understood. 60 cts. THE MARTIAL ADVENTURES OF HENRY AND ME William Allen White's New Book "Truly one of the best books that has yet come down war's grim pike a jolly book." N. Y. Poet. II. $1.60 WHAT IS NATIONAL HONOR? By Leo Perla with an introduction by Norman Angell The first analysis of the psychological, ethical and political background of “national honor.' $1.50 THE END OF THE WAR Walter E. Wayl'. New Book The relation of this war to the history of Ameri. can thought and action, forecasting our future policy. $2.00 THE ABOLITION OF INHERITANCE By Harlan E. Road A complete statement of the case against in- herited wealth. $1.50 A COMMUNITY CENTER, What It Is and How to Organize It By Henry E. Jackson A book of constructive democracy. IU. $1.00 as Mary S. Watts' New Novel (Third Edition Now Ready) THE BOARDMAN FAMILY . . . "An achievement in realistic fiction She is both artist and realist, consistent, vigorous and sane ... Her portraits are real people exceedingly interesting and excellent."-N. Y. Times. $1.50 THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, New York When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. THE DIAL a fortnightly Journal of Criticism and Discussion of Literature and The Arts Announcement THE DIAL announces that on July 1 its not use the excuse of tolerance or of publication offices will be moved to New Alabby intellectual good will to evade the York and that on October 3, 1918 it will task of formulating definite opinions. But begin weekly publication. it will not cling stubbornly to any con- This step is taken in order to consider clusion before the discipline of new facts. more comprehensively the shifting forces With a sympathetic attitude toward the which are now making for a new social novelties of the present and the proposals order... Contemporary ideas change and for the future, The Dial will not forget crystallize more rapidly today than at the experience and illuminations which his- any previous period in history. Even tory provides. Committed to no dogma literary criticism, if it attempts to reflect or preconception, The Dial will strive to the intellectual temper of the day, must be hard-hitting, straight-thinking, and be more alert. No journal can now retain authoritative. any reality or vigor which does not react The editorial coöperation of those rec- to the tendencies characteristic of our age. ognized as the most effective thinkers in THE DIAL is not content to present to their particular fields has been secured. its readers discussions of these significant The Editors will be: The Editors will be: John Dewey, Thor- forces merely through the medium of book stein Veblen, Helen Marot, and George reviews. For this reason it has deter- Donlin. The Associate Editors will be: mined to extend the editorial policy to Harold Stearns, Clarence Britten, Ran- include, in addition to the present literary dolph Bourne, and Scofield Thayer. features, discussion of internationalism John Dewey is known in America for and a programme of reconstruction in in- his creative contributions to the problems dustry and education. of education. Abroad he is accepted as This new editorial policy will in no America's senior thinker and philosopher sense be a break with The DIAL's tradi- since the death of William James. Mr. tion. Rather it will be the logical develop- Dewey will write for The Dial on educa- ment of that tradition to meet the changing tional subjects. conditions which are making not only for Thorstein Veblen, who will contribute a new social order but for a new epoch in articles dealing with economic and indus- literature and the arts. To these new trial reconstruction, is perhaps best known problems The Dial will bring that lib- through his volume "An Inquiry into the eral spirit of intellectual curiosity and con- Nature of Peace." Mr. Veblen com- structive criticism which has distinguished bines with an accurate knowledge of facts its literary policy in the past. a ruthless power of analysis and a brilliant The present features—the book review irony which makes his style an intellectual service and the general articles on litera adventure. . ture, art, music, and the theatre—will be Helen Marot, who for many years has continued and extended. The important been associated with American labor or- current publications will be reviewed ganizations, brings to the problems of promptly in order that the complex pat- readjustment both imagination and prac- tern of intellectual progress may be con- tical understanding. She has published one temporaneously reported. book, entitled "American Labor Unions." THE DIAL will be interested in princi- The Dial's present editor, George ples and fundamental readjustments rather Donlin, will act in the capacity of Editor- than in evanescent political issues. It will in-Chief. 522 (June 6 THE DIAL Pilgrim Sons of 1920 The United States contains a people not_know what opinion he is forming. which has been recruited in the main from In Europe, the talk of soldiers is already Europe. Today some millions of Ameri- beginning to tell. Russia has found that cans, most of whom have never seen out, and so has Italy. The United States Europe, are returning thither to fight for will discover that the pilgrim sons of 1920 the cause of the Allies. Many will lay will make as much history as the pilgrim down their lives. A few may find new fathers of three hundred years earlier. homes in the Old World. But most will We expect in Britain that whatever is come back again, bringing with them bringing with them academic or unreal in our political ma- thousands of comrades who, having been chine will be swept away. Liberalism will informed about America, will wish to embrace Labor, the Socialists, Free settle here. I am told that of the Aus- Trade, the International Ideal. Conser- tralian troops forty thousand have chosen vatism will be a sincere_and vigorous British wives, many of whom have sailed reaction, not on the old Tory lines but for the Commonwealth in advance of their rather along the principle set up by Sir husbands. American soldiers also may Robert Borden in Canada. In the United marry European girls, who will set forth States also the Republican and Democratic across the Atlantic to build up homes. parties must become instruments of definite Most of these girls are likely to be British, popular impulses and aims, or vanish in but in any event each state and each city in the furnace. the Union will have in its midst a new An editor in this country receives news- type of citizen, young, with many years of papers from Europe. He is startled activity ahead, and with special memories their contents and often takes refuge in a -a special experience for mental back- cautious silence. He does not quite like ground. the evidences of war-weariness which We have seen how the texture of greet his eye. He is worried by the American life has been woven of racial growth of Socialism in Italy and France elements from Ireland, Poland, Germany, and Britain. I am not criticizing his ret- and other lands. The retired soldier will icence. Possibly he is a wise guide. War tell his story to his children and his grand- is surgery which requires an anæsthetic. children. No later research by scholars But when the American soldier is billeted will materially alter his first-hand impres- somewhere in England or France he does sion. He is today serving on a jury, not close his eyes or stop up his ears. taking evidence on the spot, examining He is doubtless most interested in the very witnesses, and drawing up the verdict. The paragraphs which American editors are future opinion of America rests not with most reluctant to emphasize. He will editors, special correspondents, and lec- come back to tell his neighbors that in turers but with “the boys” who have seen Britain the state runs railroads, tramways, things for themselves. Their views will gas, water, telephones, telegraphs, savings determine national policy and their hopes banks, shipping, tubes, and even food will inspire national ideals. They are supply and coal mines. He will add that crossing the ocean and leaving a bridge in every European country, including Ger- behind them. Americans cannot appre many, Austria, and Hungary, trade- : ciate in advance what a difference will be unionists sit in the legislature. He will made by “the boys” when they get talk- describe great schemes of national housing. ing here among their friends, after the He will describe how in no European country are rich men debarred from poli- At the moment, this vast human force tics or poor men looked at askance if they is directed against a foreign foe. Whether enter politics. He will discover wage in camp or in trench, the American soldier earners in the British Parliament who has disappeared from civil life and we do spend years in public life without amassing war. 1918] 523 THE DIAL one penny for themselves. It may be that, be that most dangerous unpreparedness is not of stirred by these object lessons, he will him- munitions but of mind. self seize on the American citizenship Britain has led; she is now obviously which he has defended and will make of following: It may be because her states- politics something nobler than has yet been manship in Russia and Austria-Hungary imagined, whether in Europe or America. lacked imagination. It may be because Witnessing, as they will, parliaments in neither Mr. Asquith nor Mr. Lloyd London and in Paris where ministers are George discovered a counterpart to Mr. constitutionally responsible to the legisla- House. Or it may be sheer public spirit ture, it may easily happen that the pilgrim which cares nothing if others get the credit sons of 1920 will open interesting dis- provided that the thing required is done. cussion about about Congress, its powers, But the fact remains that no President has responsibilities, opportunities. There is ever wielded such influence within Great not an institution in your land that will Britain as Mr. Wilson, and a problem escape a searching comparison. which must be faced is in two words—the Hitherto American statesmanship has British Empire. I will be quite frank preserved a dignified isolation from for- about it—I am proud of that Empire. To eign responsibilities. In the future the keep four hundred millions of people manhood of America will hold a construc- from murdering one another is a notable tive opinion on world progress. Other achievement. And it is not done by com- countries, even Britain, will be entities pulsion. But does anybody suppose that for which American blood and treasure the British Empire will be unchanged by will have been poured out-in which the war? He lives in a fool's paradise. American funds are heavily invested. To The British Empire must be restated in know those countries intimately will be a international terms. It must be woven into simple matter to men who have spent the League of Nations. Its sanction must months, possibly years, in them. The be not Britain alone but mankind. And knowledge which one country has of an- America will help in the quiet transforma- other is always likely to be out of date tion. At least, one hopes so. and it is the duty of responsible writers People still talk as if this or that colony to bring the impressions of the past into “belonged” to Great Britain—as if terri- accurate conformity with the facts of the tory were “a possession.” How much land present. These American soldiers will in India is owned by or pays rent to any have seen the last of the old British Em- white British subject? British rule is, in pire. London is no longer, and will never the main, and always ought to be merely again become, the money market of the a form of social service. The multitude world. She is borrowing from New of officials who go forth from public York. Britain is no longer the chief schools and universities and "govern" carrier of the world. While_her ships native races return when they are fifty as sink, America builds. Nor is Britain the poor in pocket as when they set out, except keystone of the alliance against Germany. for a pension which in America would be That influence also has passed to Wash- called nominal. I am not claiming any ington. And all this means that in the infallibility for these men. Usually their diplomatic reconstruction of the peoples of mental bent is conservative. Often they the earth America will be heavily involved. are proud, reserved, and even prejudiced She must sit at the peace table; she must against ideals and theories. But their life act as arbitrator and mediator, not only work is, in the main, to help the weak, to between allies and enemies but between maintain order, to combat famine and ally and ally. The time is probably far disease, to build railroads and highways, distant, if not in years at least in agony cut away corruption among tax- and supreme effort, before this situation gatherers and blackmail among police. But I am here writing for The self-governing dominions are mas- responsible Americans, who have the duty ters of their own fiscal arrangements, and of thinking things out in advance. The in such matters they are independent of to can arise. 524 (June 6 THE DIAL case. all Imperial control. But India and the man's burden." The financial resources Crown Colonies, which are ruled under at her disposal will be insufficient. There specific instructions from London, are as must be guarantors of her good faith and open to international as they are to partakers of her obligations. British trade. Our view has been that, In due course events, including the re- by seeking no commercial privileges, we turn of American troops and especially shall get our share of commerce without of men trained previously in universities, encountering jealousy from other powers will force these considerations on the which do not exercise so wide a sovereignty notice of the people. I suggest that the as our own happens to be. It has been at press should lead the way. Editors are Germany's hands alone that we have doubtless confused by the bewildering received bitter enmity, not because we ex- complexity of a world in chaos. Head- cluded German enterprise—on the con- lines cause headache. There is now a su- trary, it was prospering in many parts of preme opportunity for the detached, well our Empire—but because Germany wished informed, impartial leader-writer. He to substitute for our conception of service should be free from all-idea of making a her conception of dominion. Clear, continuous, interpretative President Wilson's messages have com- treatment of foreign news should be mitted America forever to a world-wide assured for every American citizen who foreign policy. As he expresses it, he pays his two cents for the journal of his stands by Russia as well as by France. No district. district. Today the craft of writer is words are fuller of meaning than those. war work of the highest importance. It They signify that American influence in may make the difference between Ameri- Russia and the Near East will be, not per- can idealism in the world and something haps the same thing, but none the less as very much lower. real a thing as British influence in India. And is American thought so ill equipped Britain has labored under the badge of as some Americans seem to believe for sovereignty. The watchword for America contributing to the solution of inter- may be, let us say, brotherhood, coöpera- national difficulties? I am by no means tion, a partnership in responsibility with convinced of this. Great Britain has ex- . other well disposed powers. She will work perience that is true. But America has — in harmony with Japan, France, Britain, a fresh outlook and a detachment from and with the Russians themselves. But entangling traditions. In every case, al- if this should be her destiny, then there is most, she has approached native races as nothing in substance to differentiate her aims and motives and methods from those soldier or as a magistrate. Her weapon a missionary and not as a trader or a which animated the founders of modern has been persuasion and reason, not power Uganda or the reformers of modern and secular authority. Her achievement Egypt. has been limited, doubtless, in actual bulk To many Americans such a field for -missionaries are few and, according to activity offers serious pitfalls. “We are not ready" is what they say. They know political standards, they are weak. But in that there is a seamy side to relations be- concentrating as they have done on medi- tween the white man and the colored or cine and on education the missionaries have Asiatic races. They are not reassured by seen further, I think, than the statesmen. the language of altruism. To all of such It will be the statesman who will grad- unconvinced and skeptical persons I would ually absorb into his policy the mission- submit that somebody will have to accept ary's foolishness, not the missionary who responsibility for Jerusalem, and Bagdad, will need to absorb the statesman's wis- and Africa, and German islands in the dom. Many Americans and American South Seas. This war was fought not for organizations have therefore studied the the expansion of the British Empire but world from the right angle—as a place for the safety of democracy, and Britain where all men and women should enjoy a cannot assume, unaided, the whole "white certain divine status and receive the 1 1918] 525 THE DIAL acknowledgment thereof from kings and President Wilson have a military value governors. To combine the ideals of just because they affect the minds of sol- America with the experience and sagacitydiers. They put a case for which brave of Europe is the great and urgent duty, and enlightened men are prepared to die. I suggest, of American and European Mere detestation of the enemy is not journalists. We need to work together, enough. In a long war like this you must realizing that the matters on which we add a principle of hope, a larger loyalty, discourse are no longer, if they ever were, embracing the true interests of all man- merely academic or sensational. For mil- kind, if an international army, with an lions they involve the issues of life and international navy, fighting inter- death. Í have said something of the national battle, for an international cause, mind of the soldier. The messages of is to prevail. P. W. WILSON. an Letters to Unknown Women HELEN to you. a To Helen the Queen: unrealizable desire, a type chosen to rep- Had I lived in your own time it is most resent the eternal Até's apple that is probable that I should never have spoken woman, the source of the contention of I might have seen you or have men—a (forgive me) sexual abstraction? been killed before your indifferent eyes Assuming that you did exist, you would, when all Hellas contended for possession if you were still sentient, consider this of you. But now you are dead and your question absurd and irrelevant. But I am lovers also are dead, your name, your one of a diseased generation. We do not reputation, your beauty are at the service live as you lived, in yourself, for yourself, of any slave or descendent of Thersites and by yourself, but vicariously, through who chooses to make you the subject of his arts and literature-diseases that were un- desecrations. In this way, O Queen, pos- known to you. And your story is part of . terity is revenged upon all who were emi- our lives. Therefore it concerns us to nent for beauty, talent, or courage in the know whether you were a woman or a past. Lucian has shown us your skull symbol. bleaching in Hades, but could you know You are altogether elusive—that tale all that has been said of you by poets of of your preserving wifely fidelity ten long many tongues and races you would con- years in Egypt, while your lover embraced sider Lucian the least insulting of those a cloud, needs a faith which our skepti- who are unable to respect the dead. Thus cism cannot muster. Moreover we know a poet of my own country, some four hun- too much to regard you altogether with dred years ago, dared to place upon the awe and reverence—you have a patholog- stage a scene in which you revisited the ical interest for us. We debate about world as the mistress of a conjurer. Had you; our more emotional writers consider you remained loyally with Menelaus your that your mere name gives their verse an fame would never have been thus ques- incomparable embellishment. Others feel tionably published. It is not for me to that your case is over-rated, too emphati- censure a great lady and a queen, but you cally stressed. But in any event you elude must consider the ignorance of a barbar- ian and a slave, and pardon my indelicacy. a I am not familiar with the queens of my I pose a question. Did you exist? In day—those I have seen, at a respectful the flesh, I mean, and tangibly—a woman distance, were neither young nor lovely. mortal and attractive who began this tra- No man would be so foolish as to run dition of adultery which has had so many away with them, and it must need the terrifying consequences for the world? Or force of great reasons of state to compel rather, o gold-sandaled one, are you a the kings, their husbands, to act the part dream of the poet, a lovely symbol of an of lovers. Thus, taking into account all us. 526 (June 6 THE DIAL that the poets who lived nearest to you man to be so easily moved by his æsthetic have recorded, we cannot believe that you mood—you are too much like the dream resembled the ordinary queen of our pres. of Hellas at the moment when you are ent life. You were, it appears, beautiful . forgiven. Still, nothing forgiven. Still, nothing can spoil our en- Well, you were beautiful. But how? joyment of this savory injustice. Sometimes we think of you as the dream Yet again you elude us and we fumble created by the Greeks, of that material with the concept of Fate. Are you a mar- loveliness which moved them far more ionette in the great game, a puppet of Fate than it ever can us sluggish barbarians. using Aphrodite to jerk the string that Were you that beauty, that unattainable moves you? The golden apple—was it beauty who forever flees the Menelaus of not Fate that sent Herakles to pluck it? ? reality to live with the Paris of romance? Are you the motive that dislodges upon Were you that tenuous loveliness, that Hellas its pre-ordained confusion? Can we flowerlike fragility, that misty instability? really believe that ten thousand ships If so, yours is a great destiny—to repre. would furrow the Ægean because your sent the yearning of all Hellas, to be the face was beautiful? Must we not rather immortal projection of that yearning! believe that Fate sent some strange mad- But there is Clytemnestra, your sister. ness into men's hearts, so that they mur- Was adultery a strain in your heredity? dered each other, in appearance for you, Grant that you were, that you existed. in reality for some inscrutable Fate? Are You still elude us. Were you a sort of you that error in the lives of just men Madame Bovary fretted by the inanity of which brings them to destruction, to terror, life in a provincial sort of court, sur- to death? Are you that smiling poison, rounded by frigid soldiers and unintelli- that disastrous loveliness? We cannot tell. gent lawyers who would have died rather But, O Queen, O deathless, smiling, golden than salute your cheek unchastely? An one, this we can tell, that the memory of Hellenic Madame Bovary, who threw her- your beauty-whether real of feigned self into the arms of the first charming still afflicts our hearts, and for your sake, young man who cared to solicit her favors? because of you, we are sick and desolate This at least would explain the tenacity with a wild yearning that nothing can , , of your husband, who was not content to appease, not the cold wind of our hills, leave your punishment to swift disillusion- not the drab insipidity of our cities, not ment, but who prolonged your guilty the confusion of our disordered thought. honeymoon for ten years by his incredible Queen, it is said that reverence is gone obstinacy. You were indeed fortunate from the world; certainly, if you returned both in your husband and in your lover. to the earth you would not know it as the But that is only half the story. Some place where you walked with gold-braided times we picture you a sort of Gudrun, a hair upon white turrets to watch the chiv- brutal kind of sensual woman imposing alry of Troy and Hellas battle for your your passion upon an unsophisticated boy, sake. But at least this same old yearning taking pleasure in tearing him from his for inexplicable loveliness remains, and country sweetheart, forcing yourself upon you would find a few who would bring his family and delighted in a gross way you flowers to remind you of the smooth by the slaughter and suffering you caused. lawns below Ida. It is indeed but the justice of the world RICHARD ALDINGTON. as we know it that you should escape from the consequences of your adultery, while Andromache, the faultless wife, Hecuba, Gardens the venerable mother, and Cassandra, the virgin, all suffer horror upon horror Far green stretches where the summer plays through you. The cynicism of this pleases On golden English holidays, our somewhat frigid skepticism, though skepticism, though A scarlet streak on some Italian hill- here again we begin to suspect that you And these pale struggling greens upon my win- dow-sill! are a symbol. Menelaus is too stupid a ANNETTE WYNNE. 1918] 527 THE DIAL An Imperturbable Artist* Though it give aid and comfort to the Probably it is this reserve, so unaccus- enemy, I must confess that my heart still tomed to it are we modern readers, that goes out in gratitude to one Bernard has prevented the immediate popularity Tauchnitz of Leipzig, from whose paper of his work. Frequently an author needs edition I first came to know Leonard Mer- but to mention the stage to obtain a flock rick. “While Paris Laughed” is a new . of readers; but Mr. Merrick's books— volume of his stories, soon to be published, filled with actors, actresses, authors, and which carry one back indeed to the days managers—have attracted only a small when those jolly knaves of Montmartre- circle. To be sure, he depicts almost with- Tricotrin the dramatist, Pitou the com- out exception the struggles of these people, poser, and Lajeunie the novelist—first not their successes, and rather holds up played their pranks for us, they the tragic to ridicule the adulation of the public. The and the impoverished, breakfasting on romance of the “romantic couple” Blanche brave hopes and warming their hands be- and Royce Oliphant of “The Actor-Mana- fore the "sacred fire,” inheritors of the ger" existed chiefly in the imaginations of imperishable vagabond spirit that defies the public who saw them behind the foot- the boundaries. Into these new tales Leon- lights and not behind the breakfast dishes; ard Merrick the story-teller has put some and if the public could have had a private of his best effort. view of Peggy Harper, the marionette To define the fascination which is the made into the semblance of an actress by chief and most enduring, attraction of months of managerial coaching, its en- Leonard Merrick the novelist, is a difficult thusiasm might have been tempered by matter. His talent in this field is at once something approaching disgust. more profound, more delicate, and less Mr. Merrick applies a realism to its apparent to the average reader who knows darlings of which the public can hardly him for the most part through his short be expected to approve. Times have stories alone. Mr. Howells, who was one changed since he began to write, and the of his earliest critics in this country, was public is interested as it has never been first impressed by the "singular shapeli- before in the private lives of the writers ness” and the form of his novels. His and the actors who provide its amuse- feeling for proportion and emphasis in ment; but the interest is purely personal writing is to be compared with the same and Mr. Merrick's dictum still holds true: qualities in a good architect or in a painter. “To choose an author as the protagonist He leads the mind to grasp what is essen- of an English play—or of an English novel tial, for his form is an intrinsic part of -is to handicap the thing from the word the emotion he wishes to convey. Divorce 'go.'” That he sees this fact so clearly, his style from his subject and you have that he can treat it with humor and with- mere scaffolding—or to change the meta- out bitterness, that he does in fact make phor, mere uncoördinated oils and colors. copy out of his own misfortune and con- Is it this “singular shapeliness” that con- tinue to let it make not a jot of difference stitutes his charm? Not wholly, I think. in his choice of a subject, is in itself a Briefly, it consists for me in the intimate warrant of his abiding sense of humor and treatment of his subject matter, combined his artistic imperturbability. with his emotional reserve, and in the evi- Sainte-Beuve considered it necessary for dent, sincere, and deep-rooted enchant- the proper comprehension of an author to ment which his own work holds for him. Though he writes of poverty and cheap- country have announced uniform edition of his books ness he does not grovel, and though the will be published early this summer. emotion of his story would tempt an by “The Position of Peggy Harper," with an introduction ordinary writer to exhaust it by abandon- ment he has intensified it by his restraint. * E. P. Dutton & Co., Mr. Merrick's publishers in this with writers. "Conrad in Quest of his Youth," with an introduction by Sir James Barrie, It will be followed Robertson Nicoll. by Sir Arthur Pinero; "The Man Who Understood Women,' with an introduction by W. J. Locke; and “When Love Flies out o' the Window," with an introduction by Sir William 528 [June 6 THE DIAL frame the man's work in his life: Tel never do in fiction. You might tell her I'm arbre, tel fruit. This is more than usually not a bad sort of a damned fool, will you? And- , true of Merrick. In “The Worldlings' er-I want to say, don't have the funks about asking me to your house once in a way, old chap, we read of his heartbreaking years in the when I shan't be a nuisance; take my oath I'll South African diamond fields; in "The never shock your wife, Humphrey—too fond of Actor-Manager," of the lonely years in you. Be as careful as-as you can, I give London when he was struggling for was struggling for you my word.” theatrical and literary recognition, and His teeth closed round his pipe tightly. Neither man looked at the other; Humphrey put out his when he met, one may imagine, with some- hand without speaking, and Turquand gripped it. thing resembling Logan Ross's reply to There was a silence again. Both stared at the Tatham in “Peggy Harper": dead ashes. The clock of St. Giles-in-the-Fields "We don't want human beings, my boy, we want tolled twelve, and neither commented on it, though parts. The audience don't want to hear why he they simultaneously reflected that it was now the wasn't drowned. Show him, my boy; it doesn't marriage morning. matter how he was saved, bring him on: 'That I "Strikes me we were nearly making bally asses of am here to prove!' Terrific round of applause. ourselves," said Turquand at last in a shaky voice. See what I mean? You lose your grip if you “Finish your whisky and let's to bed.” explain things." It is in scenes like this that Mr. Mer- A clerk with whom he took lodgings rick shows his greatest power. In every; during those days of struggle and dis- thing he writes he grasps the essential appointment, and who is now well known spirit of human relationships; and though in the New York business world, wrote to one may laugh at his humor, and de- his friend on the publication of "Peggy light in his turns of speech, or suffer Harper": "How I remember some of acutely with his people when they strike those lodgings you describe in your new hard times, still it is the picture like this book.” Let us take a look at them, and that remains in one's mind after the plot incidentally review a very fine scene. It and the humor and the words are lost. The is in “Cynthia." On the eve of Kent's spirit of his relationships remains—and marriage Kent and Turquand, who have the people who made them. His character- shared lodgings, share also a melancholy ization is like his style—exact, and at the farewell dinner at the Suisse and return same time infinitely suggestive. How well early to their rooms: we know Blanche Ellerton in her various There was a pause, while the pair smoked slowly, moods, from the time that she lies awake each busy with his thoughts, and considering if after the candle is put out repenting of anything of what he felt could be said without its her engagement seven hours after its con- sounding sentimental . Both were remembering that summation, to that other moment when, they would never be sitting at home together in the room again, and though it had many faults, it after tempting Fairbairn to wrong his assumed to the one who was leaving it a "tender friend, her husband, "the woman whom he grace" now. He had written his novel at that had yet to understand lay back upon the table; his first review had come to him here. sofa with her eyes closed—thinking too." Associations crept out and trailed across the floor; Blanche Ellerton, under the author's hand, he felt that this room must always contain an integral portion of his life. And Turquand would becomes a person infinitely more real to miss him. us than many of our so-called friends. We “Be dull for you to-morrow evening, rather, I'm see her at the table, red-eyed, her face afraid, won't it?" he said in a burst. bathed in tears and eau-de-cologne, com- “Oh, I was alone while you were in Dieppe, you posing her advertisement of "her little know. I shall jog along all right. . You've bought a desk for yourself, haven't you?" angel in Heaven," while Oliphant sits in “Yes. Swagger, eh?" the next room, stunned beside his boy's "You won't know where yer are.' . What's cot. We see her attending lawn parties that-do you feel a draught?” where fashion was "being charitable in "NOMI-well, perhaps there is a draught now elaborate toilettes,” and posing with her you mention it. Yes, I shall work in style when husband, to whom in private it was hardly come back. Strange feeling, going to be worth while to speak. And there are married, Turk.” "Is it?" said Turquand. "Haven't had the ex- twenty others in his novels all as carefully perience. Hope Mrs. Kent will like me they drawn, as clearly conceived. we 1918] 529 THE DIAL . upon Mr. Merrick's "heroes" are so real punishment for vice are shown to exist in the soul, that one does not even notice their reality. and not in material success and failure. To depict He never describes them directly and the world as a school, where virtue wins the prize and vice gets a flogging, is immoral. The drama- rarely speaks of them through his other tist who comes to me is free: free to be true to characters; for the time being they are his convictions and his art and the love Merrick, and Merrick they. One should within him for all humanity would point the moral use the singular however; there is but one, when it needed pointing. . The one command laid him is to see things nobly—that his deeper profoundly studied, represented in all the vision shall help the crowd. boundless wealth of possibility offered by the conception of an absorbing personality. If Wilde's dictum remain true, that "in This hero is like Mr. Merrick, as we have a novel we want life, not learning," then seen, in many superficial ways. But what That he contemplates life through the Leonard Merrick is indeed a novelist. of the real Merrick ? His impersonality is extraordinary. It is as if he said: "The comparatively small opening of the stage greatest compliment you can pay me is to does not prevent him from obtaining be so enthralled by my stories that the fundamental breadth of vision. His sur- writer of them does not interest you—not face action may lack variety, his essential even exist to you as a separate entity.” It confined to a narrow sphere, exhibit the motivation never. His people, though is the reserve of a man whose life is so completely in his work that other self- emotions of human beings, not of actors, expression and all self-assertion are un- actresses, and managers only as such. In modern novels the tendency is to plaster necessary. , But what is his real philosophy of modern ideas onto life, and the ideas have writing? What are the literary ideals the life interests them. a way of interesting the authors more than The result of that underlie these delicately constructed attempting to tell a story with living stories of struggle and disappointment or characters, to make them utter consistent fulfillment, of tragedy and humor?.. “My business is to present," he remarks, “not to propaganda, and to make the story repre- defend. sent an Idea with a capital I is likely to Were tales tellable only when , the hero fulfilled both definitions of the be a rather hazy, incomplete, and discord- word, reviewers would have less to do." ant patchwork. Mr. Merrick does not at- To this business of his he keeps very and give a sense of completeness which tempt this alluring task; but he does gain closely. He does defend, but it is through many more famous than he are lacking in. creating sympathy for the object of his many more famous than he are lacking in. own sympathy, never by objective protag- This qualification may have kept him from Primarily he is a writer, not a philosopher. onism. But on the other hand, he speaks of "life, which has no construction and a place among the greatest writers, but at no moral,” and the first impulse of the least his perfection in the work he aspires critic is to pounce upon an inconsistency. to do lifts him far above the ranks of the For Mr. Merrick does construct and he spurious philosophers in literature. does imply a moral, although he does not To have lived his life, to have faced point it. Yet life and art in his mind are his struggles—still more difficult, to have as distinct as mirror and portrait in the faced the lack of appreciation of that conception of a painter. His realism is public for whom he wrote; and yet to the product of his imagination, which have kept the delicate edge of his irony transforms life in the construction of art. unblunted by bitterness, and his humorous Much the same interpretation is to be optimism unspoiled, indicates an independ- found in his own words; and it is impos- ent devotion to his art that is indeed rare. sible not to believe that Oliphant's ambi- “ 'I mean to be true!' cried Humphrey tion of the “dream theatre" embodies Kent. 'I won't sell my birthright for a Merrick's own hope for literature: third edition.' The man was an The men and women live! They are not pup- artist, and he could not help the care he pets pulled by inexorable strings through four acts took." to a conventional end. Reward for virtue and Ruth MCINTIRE. 3 530 (June 6 THE DIAL Our Paris Letter cently have we been officially permitted to say "chic" or "épatant," which every inhabitant of I have been reading again Matthew Arnold's France except a few pedants has said for years. essay on "The Literary Influence of Academies" ; The tendency of an academy is not to embellish it has not converted me. I am still of the opinion the language but to impoverish it; in the seven- that I expressed in The Dial four months ago teenth and eighteenth centuries, when the Aca- —that academies are the bane of literature and démie Française was at the height of its power art, and the enemies of individuality. Matthew and influence, the French language was impover- Arnold thought that English literature would ished to a deplorable extent in obedience to a have gained, and the purity of the English lan- "law of good taste." The loss is irreparable and guage would have been better preserved, had it has ruined French poetry. Prose has over- there been in England an institution like the Aca- come the disadvantage, although the paucity of démie Française. He says with truth that Riche- words in the French language makes it one of lieu intended the Academy to be "a high court the most difficult in the world to write well; of letters for France," a "sovereign organ of but modern French is not a poetical language, opinion," and he adds, “This is what it has, from thanks to the academic pedants of the seventeenth time to time, really been; by being, or tending to and eighteenth centuries, whereas the French of be this, far more than even by what it has done the fifteenth century was one. Even Voltaire, for the language, it is of such importance in perhaps the greatest prose writer that the world France.” It is true that the Academy has at has ever known, must share the blame. In litera- certain epochs since its foundation nearly three ture and art, as in everything else, I am for centuries ago exercised such an authority in mat- liberty against authority; both have their disad- ters of intellect and taste as Matthew Arnold vantages, but experience shows that those of indicates and desires. Sometimes that authority liberty are the less. may have been well exercised, but it would be The Académie Française seems to recognize very difficult to prove that in the long run the that its authority as a “high court of letters” is Academy has benefited French literature. Cer- impaired, for it shows a tendency to set itself up tainly one may be thankful that it has had no as an arbiter of civic and military virtue and an such an authority for a long time past. For had organ of patriotic manifestations. Just before the Academy been able to do so, it would have the war it elected General Lyautey, and the only suppressed every new movement in French lit- new Academician elected since the war began erature during the last fifty years. until the other day was Marshal Joffre. What- Even if it be possible, as Matthew Arnold ever may be the military qualities of these two supposed to discover a "law of good taste"- eminent generals, neither of them has the small- and for my part I doubt it-he forgot that such est qualification for membership of an institution a law could only be relative and provisional. "Je whose objects are those set out in Richelieu's comprends tout, mais il y a des choses qui me statutes. The other day the Academy met to dégoûtent," says Félicie Nanteuil in “Histoire fill the vacancies caused by the deaths of Henri Comique.” The tendency of an official academy Roujon, Jules Lemaître, and Albert de Mun; is to try to stereotype taste and, by means of tra- there are still six vacancies, for ten Academicians dition, to impose the taste of one generation on had died since June, 1914 and only one election all its successors. That is very evident in the case —that of Marshal Joffre—had been held since of art: the "tradition" which the Académie des then. M. Anatole France, who has returned to Beaux Arts maintains and tries to impose in its the Academy since the war, after refusing for school is merely the taste of the epoch of Louis- several years to attend its meetings, took part Philippe exalted into a doctrine. in the election; but his conversion or reaction The attempt to stereotype a language is as per- which most of his friends profoundly regret, nicious as that to stereotype taste. I contest cannot obliterate the scathing irony with which Matthew Arnold's view that the Académie Fran- the pretensions of the Academy are demolished in çaise has rendered great services to the French “Les Opinions de Jérôme Cogniard.” Certain language. It has fought against every new word Academicians had proposed that Cardinal Luçon, and expression and admitted an innovation only Archbishop of Reims, should be elected as the when it could resist no longer. Only quite re- successor of Count Albert de Mun as an homage 1918] 531 THE DIAL a to the city which has suffered so terribly from gifts. M. Bordeaux is a prolific producer of sen- the war. The cardinal however, who must have timental trash—which since the war has become a sense of humor, solved the problem by refusing patriotic trash—and thirteen of the twenty-seven to be a candidate. In the “Temps" on April 29 Academicians present thought him worthy to M. Paul Souday, one of the few independent succeed Jules Lemaître, who after all was some- critics left in the Parisian press, congratulated body both as a writer and as a critic. The Cardinal Luçon on his good sense. If Reims is reason is that M. Bordeaux is bien-pensant- to have a representative in the Academy, the which has not always prevented him from being natural person to choose, as M. Paul Souday more or less pornographic—whereas M. Hermant remarked, would be the Mayor of the town, who has a shady past, politically speaking. Thus does has shown no less courage and devotion than the the sovereign organ of opinion show its capacity Archbishop. But M. Souday rightly maintained to impose upon us a high standard in matters that it is not the business of the Academy to of intellect and taste. If Matthew Arnold were reward public services and that it was not still living he might revise his essay. founded to be "an organ of civic manifestations Again I have to record that the unofficial or a salon of notables of every description." This Académie Goncourt gives no more support to development however is a sign that the original Matthew Arnold's thesis than its ancient rival. functions of the Academy are becoming obsolete. On April 29 it again refused to admit Georges Its recourse to those who are in the public eye Courteline within its ranks; M. Henri Céard is a desperate attempt to recover its lost prestige, was elected to fill the place of the late Judith and at the same time an admission that it is no Gautier. M. Céard was, it is true, chosen by longer able to fulfil its original purpose. Edmond de Goncourt in 1881 to succeed Paul Long since the Académie Française became de Saint-Victor as a member of the Academy; but political, and the political opinions of candidates Goncourt changed his mind and nominated M. have much more influence on their chances than Rosny aîné.' Three years later Edmond de Gon- their literary qualities. It is a great disadvantage court appointed M. Céard to be one of his execu- to be a Republican, even a moderate one; the tors (the other was Alphonse Daudet), but he Academy likes bien-pensant gentlemen, even if again changed his mind and substituted M. Léon they write bad French. The two Academicians Hennique. Perhaps it was to console M. Céard just elected both fulfil that condition: one of for having replaced him that M. Rosny aîné and them, Mgr. Baudrillart, completely; the other, M. Hennique both voted for him the other day. M. Barthou, relatively; and neither of them They could hardly pretend that they honestly writes bad French. Mgr. Baudrillart is the believe his gifts to be more remarkable than Rector of the Catholic Institute of Paris and the those of Georges Courteline, who would have author of many historical works; it seems for been a member of the Académie Française long some reason to have been generally agreed that ago if that institution came anywhere near to an ecclesiastic should be chosen to succeed M. de realizing the intentions of its founders. M. Mun and, as M. Souday said, Mgr. Baudrillart Céard is the author of some novels and plays seems to be the only ecclesiastic with any pre- which have had as little success as they deserve tensions to a chair in the Academy. M. Barthou, and, having been an adept of the naturalist who succeeds M. Roujon, was Prime Minister school and a disciple of the Goncourts and Zola, in 1913 and was the author of the Three-Year he has in recent years vilified Zola in reactionary Service Law; to the latter fact he owes his elec- newspapers. The Académie Française has nar- tion, although he has literary tastes and is the rowly escaped setting up M. Henri Bordeaux as author of works on Mirabeau and Lamartine. one of the forty examples, with General Lyautey The chair occupied by Jules Lemaître was not and Marshal Joffre, of the highest obtainable filled; in four ballots no candidate obtained the standard in matters of intellect and taste. The clear majority required by the statutes. The two Académie Goncourt has asked us to regard serious candidates were M. Abel Hermant and "Terrains à vendre" as superior to "Boubou- M. Henri Bordeaux. M. Hermant is not a roche" and "Le Train de 8h.47.” If these are great writer, but he has produced some interest- the laws of good taste, let us all be anarchists. ing and amusing novels showing considerable At the Petit Palais an opportunity is given of powers of observation and some psychological comparing the results of officialism in art with its 532 [June 6 THE DIAL 9 effect on literature. A Salon is being held there, The terrible anxiety of a month ago is some- the first since the war; but it is unlike the usual what relieved; for although the danger is not Salon in that it is entirely composed of works yet over, the fact that after six weeks the Ger- by members of the two official societies. The mans have not attained one of their objects greatly absence of “outsiders” exposes the poverty of the increases the possibility that they will never attain societies more plainly than ever; never has it them. In an offensive, time is on the side of the been more evident that the outsiders have saved defenders. In spite of such mishaps as the loss previous Salons from utter banality. As might of Mont Kemmel, we are justified in believing be expected, the rooms of the Société Nationale it to be probable that the attack will be definitely des Beaux Arts are rather more interesting and checked. But the military situation is still grave. alive than those of the Société des Artistes Fran- The offensive has naturally silenced political con- çais, which produce a depressing sensation of life- troversy to a great extent, but the Socialist party lessness. It is almost miraculous that in a country has been violently attacked for deciding to cele- which has initiated all the great movements brate the hundredth anniversary of the birth of in modern painting it should be possible for so Karl Marx. So much so that, by a small considerable a number of painters to have so majority, the Executive of the party went back completely escaped the influence of those move- on its previous decision to hold a great demon- ments as have these who claim the proud title stration for the whole of Paris, and there will of “Les Artistes Français.". One would imagine, be only smaller meetings in the various districts. as one walks through the rooms, that even Im- The party has however issued a manifesto on pressionism, now made respectable by age, had the occasion, the work of M. Bracke and M. never existed. And one has the sense of having Jean Longuet (a grandson of Karl Mark), in seen all the pictures before: one has seen them which the importance of the life and work of the all before at successive Salons any time these founder of modern Socialism is set forth. Some twenty years. Only the numerous portraits of of the leaders against the Socialist party show a Marshal Joffre and other generals and a few strange ignorance of Marx's character and doc- conventional battle pieces, which might repre- trines. Unfortunately a knowledge of economic sent any war at any epoch except the present, questions is not very common in France and there attest the influence of the war. The level of the is a certain insularity which leads to ignorance Société Nationale des Beaux Arts is higher and it includes more painters of real talent; but even about everything outside France itself. But a its members too often repeat themselves almost paper of the reputation of the "Journal des Débats” ought not to say that the theories of the mechanically, and some of them are much below greatest economist of the nineteenth century have their own standard. At present the influence of no merit but their obscurity; and it is hardly the war on art does not seem to be favorable. worthy of the "Temps" to declare that Marx A charming distemper painting of a little girl, was a bitter enemy of France, seeing that he pro- rapidly painted and purposely unfinished, by tested against the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine Albert Besnard, shows the great qualities of the as "a crime which revives the policy of conquest artist whom Degas described as “un prix de in the second half of the nineteenth century" and Rome qui a mal tourne," from the point of view, that is to say, of his masters. Not often has wrote on January 16, 1871 that France was Besnard come up to this in recent years. Four fighting “not only for her national independence, paintings and a pastel by Degas only serve to but for the liberty of Germany and of the world.” Marx has even been represented as an apologist emphasize the banality of the rest of the exhibi- of German militarism and an apostle of the tion; yet none of them is a particularly fine or characteristic example. An exhibition of con- bureaucratic state, although he declared the aboli- tion of the state as now understood to be the temporary French art is just opening at Madrid. Its organization has been entrusted to the Aca- object of Socialism. The remarkable little book démie des Beaux Arts; thus does the state under- by M. Emile Vandervelde, "Le Socialisme contre stand artistic propaganda abroad. It is more l'Etat," which I noticed last month, refutes such than probable that none of the movements that errors as these, and certain journalists might read have made contemporary French art what it is it with profit. ROBERT DELL. will be represented in the exhibition. Paris, May 6, 1918. 1918] 533 THE DIAL Conscious Control of the Body complications of the nervous system. The com- plication of the nervous system meant the coming MAN'S SUPREME INHERITANCE: Conscious Guid- thought and the emergence of a new and human ance and Control in Relation to Human Evolu- world, the world of civilization. But the physical tion in Civilization. By F. Matthias Alexander. With an introduction by Professor John Dewey. organs with which we utter and obey thought are Dutton; $2. the old animal organs of the expression of instinct Nature and civilization are names. Nature and impulse and appetite. These organs do not stands for the conditions of human life that we fit well into a world of books, desks, skyscrapers, find; civilization, for the conditions of human life machines, and drinks. The physical organs with that we make. In neither are we particularly which we utter and obey thought are mostly not prosperous or particularly at ease. For civilization arranged to respond to the evocations of postyr- is the adventure of a race seeking to escape from ings, manners, and movements which are the nature, and nature is the goal of a race seeking signs of social consciousness and response. The freedom from the oppressions of civilization. soldier's, machinist's, farmer's, desk-worker's, and "Back to nature" is the universal device, employed gentlewoman's postures and movements are dis- even by Germans—and no people is more wor- tortions and cripplings of their bodies. There shipful of its own Kultur-toxins. There exists a is hardly a man or woman in the civilized world widespread and distinguished gospel of life whose efficiency is not lower, whose energy is not summed up in this maxim; and its apostles vary wasted, whose physical system is not in strife from the pulpiteer Wagner, famous for his "the scene of a civil war, and the heart, lungs, promulgation of "The Simple Life," through and other semiautomatic organs are in a state of the pietist Tolstoy, famous for his practice of it, perpetual readjustment to opposing conditions," to the prophet Edward Carpenter, famous for those of nature and those of civilization. his definition of its righteousness. The title of The effect is a growing depletion of the nerv- Mr. Carpenter's definition is, indeed, final in the ous life of civilized mankind-breakdowns, hys- condemnation of the man-made world—“Civil- terias, cripplings, and accompanying quackeries ization, Its Cause and Cure." like physical culture, osteopathy, and mental heal- To the fellowship of Wagner, Tolstoy, and ings, aimed to relieve these conditions but failing Carpenter may be added F. Matthias Alexander. in the long run. The cause of their failure is To the diversities of preacher, pietist, and prophet that they affect symptoms, not causes. And the may be added that of scientist. But where his causes here are conflicts within the organism predecessors see the cure for civilization in an itself, conflicts generated by opposing directions abandonment of it, Mr. Alexander sees the cure of action in the conditions of life itself. One in a growing control of the human organism at way out would be to abandon civilization as work in it. Tolstoy and Carpenter suggest. But that is In many ways Mr. Alexander's theory and neither feasible nor courageous nor desirable. practice bear a striking resemblance to Freud's. In the mind which has created civilization man It may be said, in fact, that Mr. Alexander treats has an infallible instrument for the correction of the body as Freud does the mind. The work of its evils. The way out is the reintegration of the two men seems to me to be supplementary, bodily action, by means of conscious control. and I am not sure that Alexander's is not more To attain this control however requires a long fundamental. process of reëducation. A clinical experience of The observations on which he bases his work more than twenty years has convinced Mr. Alex- are, briefly, these: The human body is an organ- ander that most people are the victims of what ism having an inconceivably ancient inheritance he brilliantly calls a “debauched kinæsthesia." of adaptations to conditions of life to be found They have a sense of physical ease or adjustment only in nature. The instinctive responses of the which is habitual and fixed. That sense sets the body—its postures, attitudes, adjustments; how standard of posture for them. Yet from the it walks, sits, runs, attends, moves its trunk and point of view of correctness, the feeling of com- arms, and so on-are responses coördinate with fort and ease may accompany the most deleterious conditions to be found only in a very primitive posture. Thus there is, in terms of the mechanical world, in which unreflective bodily activity is arrangement of the body, one position, and one at maximum and thought at minimum. The only, which is the position of "mechanical ad- growth of the body did not keep pace with the vantage," though because of vicious training and 534 (June 6 THE DIAL long standing habit, that position may at first the empty symbolism that mars so much mystic make the subject feel as if he were set out of thought and verse. You are really not sensible shape. The readjustment of the organs in terms of the dangers of mysticism when you read of the position of "mechanical advantage,” and poetry characterized by so much restraint, by so the attainment of a new kinaesthesia are thus basic much dignity and humanity. The poems are to a handling of the body at maximum advantage freely secular, wide ranging, and rich in the in all the activities of life. Conscious guidance depth of experience they draw upon; and as a and control will do this; and as Professor Dewey consequence the tones with which they speak of says, Mr. Alexander “possesses and offers a defi- Divinity are authoritative and final rather than nite method for its realization." fanatic. These poets, you feel, praise God from H. M. KALLEN. well filled minds, and there is the implication in their language that they know what discipline of the heart is. For with all their positive The Middle Way in Mysticism intuitions, their "associations with eternity," they do not fail to see, and to use in their praise, the A MANUAL OF Mystic Verse. Edited by Louise many things that the excessively mystic would Collier Willcox. Dutton; $1.25. neglect or deny, the things that lend themselves DREAMS AND IMAGES: An Anthology of Catholic especially to poetry—not only the inheritance of Poets. Edited by Joyce Kilmer. Boni and Liveright; $1.50. sense but also all which humanity has won for POEMS OF CONFORMITY. By Charles Williams. itself by patience and degrees, and without which Oxford University Press; $1.40. it is only accidental that the inheritance of sense To-MORROW, and Other Poems. By Innes Stitt and Leo Ward. Longmans, Green; $1. can become poetry. In fact one is ready to believe that the debt which such successful That person would be not only polite but wise who said nothing inflammable concerning the mysticism owes to cultivation is not slight; for religious poetry of others. He should not forget certainly the debt is not a small one which poetry He should not forget itself owes to cultivation. We are apt to grow that religious poetry is probably of all poetry most seriously an affair of the heart; he ought to speak negligent in our recognition of such debts when discreetly therefore, and deal with reserve. we contrast the urbane, difficult, and slow prog- ress of cultivation with the swift and vivid Discriminations however should not be dis- pensed with; for if religious poetry is to be passions that kindle poetry and religion; and the estimated at all, it obviously can be estimated mystic, in proportion to his degree of mysticism, less as religion than as poetry. Once the reader is likely to grow contemptuous. Yet even the commences discrimination, he will come to the mystic, unless he is bent on final dissolution, must pause to admit that if cultivation has made us conclusion that the fear of the Lord is not neces- artificial it has also made us articulate. So there sarily the beginning of poetry. In particular he is countenance perhaps, in view of the original will see, even if he but skims these four volumes, and liberal soundness of these particular mystics, that the most important poetically—the "Manual for the question: Does not he love God best who of Mystic Verse"—is one of the less strictly re- can remember otherwise than derogatorily the ligious. In this volume, even the adverse minded force of "what man has made of man”? must concede, is contained much of what is Of the next volume, "Dreams and Images." excellent in poetry, certainly most of the best in one regrets that so much cannot be said. Like the mystic poetry; it cannot be denied that the exclud- "Manual" it skirts easily the dangers of mysti- ing of the mediocre and the worst, of which cism; it does so however by being more restricted, there is a good deal to do, has been thorough and sure. One sounds the bass strings of his imagina- less rich and varied spiritual experience, and it more official, and more partisan. It voices a tion in being a mystic; and when one goes so lacks the equanimity and resonance that make the low, the distinction between music and noise is poems of the “Manual" the excellent praise and frequently not discoverable. Yet from noise this spiritual fortification that they are. There is, of anthology is free: there is practically no one in course, no defect of fervor; yet one feels acutely this various company of the mystic and the mysti- a thinness of expressive resources, and if not a cally inclined whose tone loses clarity as it gains disavowal, a neglect both of the rich poetic tex- emotion. Of the impression made by the collec- tiles that the senses supply and of the valuable tion as a whole hardly less can be said; it is an patterns that cultivation furnishes. The urgent impression much removed from the indistinctness, necessity that poetry is perpetually under of being a 1918] 535 THE DIAL ) at once unique and inevitable, novel and familiar, so abundant and involved, yet so well modulated, discloses in this volume a good deal that seems an utterance that one is inclined to credit him to have been in circulation before, and leads to with being better practiced in the art of felicity the suspicion that the stores here drawn upon are than in felicity itself. So the reader is forced not copious. These poems are too slightly charged to return upon himself and ask what has become with the perception which chiefly, perhaps alone, of his distinction between the “Manual" and clarifies passion and gives it authority. The “Dreams and Images,” of his impression as to the writers seem to have been in too much haste to greater excellence and more liberal maturity of praise: they should have gone about; they should the former. But he will find that the distinction have looked at the world less narrowly; they still holds, for it is not hard to see that the should have known that after all the way afield “Poems of Conformity" are mature in a more more abounds in the praise of heaven which they narrowly specialized way than those in the are seeking than does the hard high road of "Manual." dogma. Conceding that such a road if it is hard One becomes the more convinced in this im- is also fine and smooth, and that those who travel pression when he turns to the more ingenuous it are safe from the amorphous subjectivity emotion and less skilfully guided impression- which overtakes the too indulgent mystic, one ability of Mr. Innes Stitt and Mr. Leo Ward. still feels that if one's companions must be not The same distinction which is to be seen in its only orthodox but poetic, their view should have outcome by a comparison of the “Poems of Con- perspective enough to include the art as well as formity" with those in the "Manual" can be the object of art. The Lord is better praised and seen here in its inception. The disparity is even man more lastingly fortified in the “Manual” emphasized by the arrangement of the poems in than in “Dreams and Images,” because those who the volume, for those dealing with the same or wrote the former made haste more thoughtfully relative aspects of religious emotion are so paired in their fashion of praise, and with wider con- that comparison is inevitable. And Mr. Ward sideration, than those who wrote the latter. is at a disadvantage in being placed so close to Yet the author of "Poems of Conformity” Mr. Stitt, who, perhaps no richer in potentiality, has taken thought too, one finds, after having is yet more arresting by his greater clarity and searched somewhat uncertainly through their immediacy. The spiritual unity of the two is adorned and intricate convolutions. Reviewing doubtless—as their editor says—complete, but his impressions of this volume one is surprised poetically they are in very different ways. The to find at the end a postscript of dissatisfaction reader must seek the frequently remote mean- that he can scarcely explain. It is not because ing of Leo Ward through intricacies and sub- of thinness; that shortcoming cannot be charged versions which do not always justify the labor to Mr. Williams's rather complicated maturity; they entail—as those of Mr. Williams usually do. his verse is even somewhat euphuistic in its ex- One sometimes fails of ready comprehension and hibition of craft and poetic abundance. His wonders if a meaning is really there. The result orthodoxy, too, is richer in experience and has is unfortunate for Mr. Ward, for one turns to more weight certainly than that of most of the such poems as “To-Morrow," by Innes Stitt, poets in “Dreams and Images.” Pursuing the rather predisposed to accept their easy intelligibil- matter one comes presently to the conclusion that ity as a mark of superiority. And one finds them it is the poet's sophistication that he dislikes ; not only easily intelligible; they are at once and almost at once arises the suspicion that this familiar and distinguished; they are characterized sophistication shelters as comprehensive a mystic by sincere inspiration, by lucid perception, and as one has yet seen. Mr. Williams possesses an by a very delicate spirit of choice. Really such abundance of verse ideas of a valuable sort; the achievements should be held not only as the Aights of his imagination are somewhat short, but better art but also as the better religious praise, they are multifarious and very skilfully guided: the better spiritual fortification. In such achieve- he seems markedly absorbed in the science of ments is not forgotten the value, so greatly prized distinction, for he sins by virtuosity sometimes; by Emerson, of "things used as language,” a yet in spite of all this he stands rather betrayed value the too partisanly religious neglect, to by the blank mysticism of a poem like “Rich- their own detriment; yet neither is the purpose mond Park." Such a betrayal has, indeed, all of such praise forgotten in the business of com- the appearance of an accident, for the author has ordinarily a firmly orthodox religious voice and posing it. C. K. TRUEBLOOD. 536 (June 6 THE DIAL ( Lords of Language proper we are treated to the great Boche at least once in every number solemnly stalking across the OSCAR WILDE, His LIFE AND CONFESSIONS. By scene for all the world like the negro giant in Frank Harris. With a chapter by Bernard “Chu Chin Chow." Were there not already a Shaw. Two vols. Published by the author; $5. rather cumbersome bunch of appendices dangling Oscar Wilde was himself too good a story- teller not to have relished this tactfully reasoned from the end of volume two, I should recommend to Mr. Harris that in his next edition he include account of his own life. In what I take to have a "Who's Who" of the performers. Harris's been Wilde's most mature phase and accordingly Wilde, as at once more condensed and more that in which his personality found most complete readable, might well supersede in the education expression, in those last years in Paris, we know of America President Eliot's somewhat diffuse he always began the day by the absorption of “Harvard Classics.” apéritifs. Like the conscientious artist that he But I have no right to treat as a vaudeville is, Frank Harris has modeled his book upon his what the word "Confessions" in the title might hero even in this detail: he begins with a twenty- well have admonished me was to be a tragedy. two page report of the trial of Oscar Wilde's Also in that same little annunciatory tract we father, a distinguished Dublin oculist, for the read: “Yet his ruin and death were an exempli- seduction of one of the younger and more charm- fication of the moral law; he was punished ing of his patients. We already know the book wherein he had sinned.” Yes, a tragedy it is, is to be what Oscar would have called "scarlet." with the protagonist likened to Milton's Satan It is appropriate that so diverting a narrative and "the wild horses of Fate had run away with should now be issued in a less unpopularly ex- the light chariot of his fortune." Whether or pensive edition than the form in which the book not Shaw be correct in his diagnosis of Wilde was first published two years ago. Incidentally this life of Wilde is the most satisfying we pos- as a prey to an obscure disease called giantism, we are certain that Fate at any rate has here sess, not merely containing much personal data, contracted a like complaint. The book is almost but also vivified and made articulate by the as bad as a play by Sophocles. Were it not for dramatic genius of the author. The style is clear such romantic touches as the thrice repeated and easy, not seldom illumined by such good phrase "strange sins" and for the stimulating things as this reflection on Oscar's talk: “It was atmosphere of "The Police Gazette," I fear some all like champagne; meant to be drunk quickly; of us moderns could not have survived this biog- if you let it stand, you soon realized that some raphy of the purest modern of us all. Seriously, still wines had rarer virtues.” it is provoking to have that deft master of the This hagiology should at length burke those quirk and cigarette silhouetted against a not less heretics who would deny the importance of our disturbedly fumy heaven than that behind the most æsthetic martyr. For he that can keep the Dresden Rubens of Christ on the Cross. centre stage in a book by Frank Harris has cer- Together with these impertinent paraphernalia tainly vindicated his right to wear those spurs of tragedy we find a not less impertinent, if less which in his case were so early won across the Greek, moral bias. Not only does Harris exhaust teacups of Oxford. To few men after their us as well as Wilde with interminable arguments death is it given to carry off so signal a triumph against his friend's péché favori , but also he must as this of holding through two volumes our undi- needs whitewash Oscar of blasphemy. He for- vided attention, even with Harris all the time in full view and of course not allowing us for a gets that he is not writing a character reference, that all the good words in the world cannot moment to forget that he has taken out all the make Oscar a curate now. We have startling big dogs of his day on leash for airing. Neither evidence of how potent the Puritan tradition yet are the famous dogs of other days allowed to is when a writer of Harris's ability can state as sulk behind the wings. The book includes several a truism that "all high humanity is the reward score and among them such diverse thorough- of constant striving against natural desires.” All breds as Luther and Baudelaire, Bentham and through the book we are aware of two presences Michelangelo, Socrates and Bernhardt, not to at either shoulder of our author, Melpomene the mention the old headliners, Alexander and Cae- trumpet-mouthed and the more nasal Virtue. In sar. But our producer appears to see in Goethe the end the more expansively fateful lady gets his best drawing-card. Indeed we find him on in the last word: the first page of the little circular sent around Since Luther we have been living in a centrifugal to advertise the show. During the performance movement, in a wild individualism where all ties 9 1918] 537 THE DIAL of love and affection have been loosened, and now be otherwise; and of such affectations as there that the centripetal movement has come into power we shall find that in another fifty years or so friend- are we can truly say that they take our heart as ship and love will win again to honor and affinities no sincerity ever could do. His teaching, too, of all sorts will proclaim themselves without shame was essentially good, for in all his writings we and without fear. In this sense Oscar might have regarded himself as a forerunner and not as a sur- find that most needed and most difficult of les- vival or "sport.” sons: to perceive the value of the passing moment Really one cannot let this sort of guff pass. is the aim of all sound culture. What has social solidarity to do with an abnor- Frank Harris was a staunch friend and will mal manifestation of sex? And if in fifty years always be sure of the respect and honor due to Wilde is to be honored, why not now? one who had the generosity to stand by a wronged Though he used it only to heat the curling- man when all England forgot the meaning of iron for his complicated coiffure of paradox, yet the words fair play. But if it was the part of a Oscar Wilde undoubtedly had in him a spurt of friend to arrange for fight and to counsel it with the divine fire. Try to read a man like Chester- so multiform an ingenuity, yet it was the part ton and you will not go far before your nerves of a Roman, however imperial he thought him- begin to blench from those metallic paradoxes self, to stand trial. Harris was of course also which come with all the precision of an automatic right in urging his friend to conciliate “Philis- alarum. In Wilde, on the other hand, they are tine jurymen." But knowing Wilde and know- never the mere jolts we find them in the ordi- ing Anglo-Saxon jurymen, does anyone believe nary writer. Each has a peculiar grace and flavor that to have been possible? Wilde's behavior of its own and one is no more the double to at the trial would have been a gesture for which another than are two persons merely because both we could now have little but admiration, if only happen to be dressed in other than the expected in the sequence he had carried it off. Knowing costume. Such a book as “The Decay of Lying" what followed, we fear lest of the many explana- has only one fault: the argument is so patently tions he afterwards gave for his passivity, the just that the style almost wearies us—charming true one was that had he not brought suit against though it be—and we desire nuts less easy to Queensberry and had he later fled to France, crack. "everyone would be laughing at me"—to a snob Of course to the Philistines these ideas were, the one unthinkable disaster. are, and ever will be very real paradoxes indeed. Even so, a more virile character would have Here lies the secret not only of Wilde's literary put up a fight. Reading Wilde's life we can method, but also of his life: both his words and well believe his assertions of distaste at the ani- his poses were forever addressed to the Philis- malism of Trinity and Oxford and his friends' tines, and that he should have found them worth witness that he always shrank from any gross or mystifying is the real tragedy. Nowhere else crude expression. The same idiosyncrasy of tem- than in England could a man of Wilde's intelli- perament comes out in his inability to compre- gence have been bunkoed into taking the proper- hend Aubrey Beardsley, even when illustrating tied classes at their own valuation. There, how- his own “Salome.” He was not sufficiently down- ever, sò inexpugnably are they entrenched that right to savor the falcon-like intensity of him who better men than he have accepted conditions and so sheerly pounces to the sanguine heart of his become, like him, despite their genius, mere snobs. subject. It would have been better to have kept Such power has the shell-fire of public opinion complete silence than to have spoken of that when kept up from the home through school divine guttersnipe as an "orchid-like personality." and university. From Lord Byron to Lord Al- “The Ballad of Reading Gaol,” says Frank fred Douglas we can watch file by the terrible Harris, "is beyond all comparison the greatest troop of the damned. Had Dante been an Eng- ballad in English: one of the noblest poems in lishman he would have constructed in hell a tenth the language.” Lord Alfred Douglas in that circle and there ve should have seen no more most terrible of all books, “Oscar Wilde and piteous figure than Oscar Wilde. Yet mediocrity Myself," demonstrates to his own satisfaction the remains the prime condition of popularity, and worthlessness of all his friend's work. I am not we are pleased to find that our fop of genius fond of the word demonstrate applied to ques- never was quite the button on the cap of London tions of taste, but surely if there ever can be a society that he liked to imagine. demonstration in such matters, we have it in But if we feel his writing to be self-conscious, Harris's juxtaposition of some verses from "The let us remember that in this world sanity cannot Shropshire Lad" and parts of "The Ballad." a 538 [June 6 THE DIAL verse. In such company, to my ear at least, “The Bal- fitting that the manner of payment for this most lad” rings second-rate: the best one can say of haphazard of the arts should also be unregulated. it is that it is less insipid than the rest of Wilde's As Wilde himself said, “at any rate we who talk should not be condemned by those to whom we Harris speaks of the “De Profundis” as "the dedicate our talents. It is for posterity to blame best pages of prose he ever wrote.” Here again us." In favor of good conversation there is, be- some of us would differ; we think that Oscar sides, the excellent argument that, after all, those Wilde wrote better things than this pompous who in any period can really enjoy the best of a rigmarole in which he calls his grief at his moth- language are so few they can easily be reached in er's death "the incommunicable pageant of my the more intimate manner. Wilde appears to purple woe." Despite the at least mauve quality have possessed when animated a rare personal ” of Lady Wilde, such an expression seems a bit phosphorescence, such as we expect to find only a thick. I wish Frank Harris had not liked the in women and there not often. This combined “De Profundis” so well: the influence has not with the genius of the man must have been irre- been good. This extraordinary letter is an ex- sistible. Mr. Harris is temerarious so lightly to ample of man's attempt to persuade himself that condemn the method of Socrates and of Dr. all is for the best and in particular that his indi- Johnson. vidual fortune, whatever it be, is good. When But in the end we tire of all these facts and Oscar was proud, he did not have to reflect much theories, so cumbrously do they hang about the to reach the decision that pride is a virtue. Now gracious figure of Oscar Wilde. Let us remem- that worldly disaster had overthrown his pride, ber him an undergraduate, seated in Magdalen there became for him no virtue like humility. Lodge, attended by the Alice-in-Wonderland por- In the light of his pose at the trial, this is all ter, lazing away an Oxford afternoon. The rather funny, but pitiful too; and regarding the bright-eyed commoners hurry through on willing “De Profundis” as a piece in the structure of feet to river and to playing-field. But the clever Wilde's whole life, it assumes truly frightful and the comely stay despite themselves. They proportions. Written to expose the perfidy of collect about the heavy speaker of light words, Douglas, it exposes in even more embarrassing a somewhat young and oily god of a new Sargasso fashion the writer himself. For the world then Sea. Meanwhile the captain of the Eight is saw that he who had roared so prettily, now that cursing that there should be no other less peril- the lion-tonic of adulation was taken from him, ous exit from Oxford's first rowing college. could only bleat those damning dicta which all Those whom the world loves die hard and so humanity inevitably applaud. we have more than one precious conflicting legend Harris, like everybody else, is interested in the that Oscar Wilde yet lives. Because of his sacer- question of Wilde's unproductiveness those last dotal physique I think he would prefer us to years in Paris. Again and again he urged his think of him as a monk in that Carmelite Monas- friend to write, but always in vain. Why would tery in Spain. Dear lover of the irresponsible, he do nothing? Was it perhaps that literary erstwhile so elaborately an idler, cherisher of the composition had never been so easy for him as he ardent nothingness of everyday, now he habits had once pretended? Did Wilde analyze justly where only the vines are irresponsible and life when he said he could write only of joy, and his is a carven jade. Perhaps he is seated even now prison life had made that henceforth impossible? on a warm stone bench and looking out across How then could he talk, as he surely did, with the Atlantic. Perhaps he sees the doughty figure the old verve and abandon? Was not the real of Frank Harris astride his mustang plunging reason that Oscar Wilde had a: last come to along over the blue backs of the waves, one hand know himself and consequently his limitations? easily controlling his remarkable mount while Did he not see that of his writings his plays were with the other he holds out before him, still wet the best? And was not their worth almost from the printer, the sheets of this book; for he wholly in the brilliant dialogue? A true artist, is eager and liberal of his own as only a cowboy he devoted himself to what was best in him, his can be. The venerable Carme basking in the conversation. What right had those who were privileged to hear him to grudge him his support? sunlight perceptibly smiles: he is aware that this world also has its compensations. Is there any earthly reason why we should not pay for conversation as well as for books? It is SCOFIELD THAYER. 1918] 539 THE DIAL 9 A Varied Harvest understanding, taste, and variety-but that is between him and his publishers. PebbleS ON THE SHORE. By “Alpha of the Plough.” Miss Woodbridge's book is another matter. Dutton; $2. She relies wholly on her own good pen and DAYS OUT, and Other Papers. By Elisabeth Woodbridge. Houghton Mifflin ; $1.25. unillustrated text. She too is deft, and she is SHANDYGAFF. By Christopher Morley. Double- zestfully original, in her trig New England way; day, Page; $1.40. but "Alpha" has a richer reservoir to draw on Essays—three sheaves of them, garnered by and is steadied by long-established conventions. three different hands. One is an English hand; If you find “Alpha” a little stale and cut-and- one is a New England hand, gloved after the dried, you will find Elisabeth Woodbridge fresh manner of the "Atlantic Monthly"; and the third and unhackneyed. The Anglo-Saxon world has is well, in the absence of positive knowledge room for both. one would best be content to call Mr. Chris- It assuredly has room also for Mr. Morley- topher Morley's hand Anglo-Saxon, without too and a waiting niche, which he will doubtless pronounced a lunge toward the specific. Mr. adorn, if he does not allow certain second-rate Morley calls himself an American, and is resident phases of this new world to get the upper hand in our East; but-his name, his years at Cam- of him. He exhibits both sides of the shield, is bridge University, even the verb "shews" on the on both sides of the water-a straddle which jacket advertisement (the author's own compo- he accomplishes with ease and spirit. His spirits, sition). .. Though the reading public is des- indeed, seem uniformly high, and one credits him tined to become increasingly aware of him, and with a good hearty young mental digestion. He that very shortly, Mr. Morley is still on the is sprightly, alert, and various. He is skittish right side of thirty, and his biography therefore and informal too--in the fashion, ofttimes, of is not to be gathered from any of the usual works the young Englishman who is away from home of reference. One might telephone some publish- and home regulations. He can strike a high ing office or other literary centre for his origins note, as in his observations on President Wilson and his life thus far; but somehow one rather or on the German Emperor; and he can fall, enjoys one's own surmises. I shall continue to with facility, to the lower strata of ordinary figure Christopher Morley as an English univer- American "humor," as in “Time to Light the sity man who has transferred himself to the Furnace," or in “Febrifuge," where he handles United States early enough to undergo, will- unceremoniously, as elsewhere, certain of his ingly and quickly, the process of Americani- brethren of the pen. He can dexterously blend zation. Anyhow, he writes as cheerily and English memories and American "actualities" in intimately of New York and Long Island as of such a paper as "The Art of Walking"; and he London and Suffolk. can go off on absolutely unique inventions, full There is no room for such uncertainty about of “thick-coming fancies," as in his guidebook “Alpha of the Plough.” He is unqualifiedly pages descriptive of the town of “Strychnine.” British through and through, and is a seasoned, If there is anywhere pattern and sanction for practiced hand. His book is made up of papers such a jeu d'esprit, I don't know where it is. reprinted from the London “Star.” He tosses Morley is interesting to read and interesting to these trifles off as deftly as the man in the front write about; but I must go back to the others. window of the restaurant tosses griddlecakes— He, as I have implied, can readily dip to the and almost as mechanically. Nor does he fail level of the shirt-sleeve feuilleton, and he is to contribute the obligatory piece to show how the trick is turned. "On Writing an Article" prompt to acknowledge that his personal asso- ciates are literary celebrities, and as such may pleasantly gives the method away, telling how be put to any informal use; but Miss Wood- one may get to the end without reaching his bridge, even at her lightest and most elastic, subject at all. But the book is a reissue, and does not quite forget that she has appeared in the text calls for less comment than the pictures. the Contributors' Club of “The Atlantic." These, numerous and exceedingly apropos, are by Thought, usually; fun, often; but with decorum, Charles E. Brock. One longs to write a book whether in "Manners and the Puritan" or in of essays, if only on the chance of getting Mr. “Clubs among the Cubs.” And “Alpha" is gen- Brock to illustrate them. How he could ever be teel without end. Mr. Morley's literary man- adequately paid for putting in so much invention, ners are variable. There was of course a time, 540 [June 6 THE DIAL forty or fifty years ago, when the American In the present novel that falseness of empha- reader—under the spell of Holmes, Lowell, sis has been much relieved, the sociology im- Longfellow, and the rest—assumed that litera- mensely deflated. We are given a straight story a ture was primarily a vehicle for the self-expres- of personal redemption, the restoring of a young sion of the gentleman. We know better now, architect to his earlier ideals, back from the mad when the rough-and-ready is having its day as materialistic pursuit of money. There lingers never before. But the essay still has a few old- an odor of the crank in that idea of an apartment time shreds of gentility clinging to it. Perhaps house built up in receding tiers. But it is a it will be the last of the literary forms to be long way ahead from the crazy dream of Bruce's completely informalized and rowdified. Shirt in "His Family," the city of a thousand stories, sleeves, if swollen by the afflatus, might better with elevators and subways shooting about within pass the essay by and seek other accessible media. it. When in the present book the devil takes In the case of Mr. Morley one inclines to appeal Joe up into the high mountain, it is to show him, from a Christopher intoxicated by the novelties I admit, alternate red, white, and blue apartment and freedom of a new world to a Christopher houses on Riverside Drive, named after the presi- a sobered by a consciousness of the fine things he dents. But "His Second Wife" shows, on the can achieve if he will only settle down to the whole, the slow maturing of Mr. Poole's imag- work. HENRY B. FULLER. ination. To Mr. Poole these ideas do not yet seem funny; he is too much concerned with them as symbols of the struggle between mammon and the ideal. He does not feel a strain on our credu- a Purpose and Flippancy lity that idealism should be so easily taken in by His SECOND WIFE. By Ernest Poole. Mac- the grotesque, or express itself as determinedly in millan; $1.50. the grotesque. The idealism that Mr. Poole's THE BOARDMAN FAMILY. By Mary S. Watts. heroes usually embody is of a very inchoate and Macmillan; $1.50. disturbingly inarticulate nature. But in this Ernest Poole's latest novel is of a pleasing book we are on safer ground. The motif of brevity and of a sustained interest-no small vir- Ethel, the second wife, who brings about Joe's tues among so many works of fiction in which redemption in a union with his unmammonized bright and disconnected incident seems to be the old associates, is the familiar culture-thirst. She one imagined artistic value. You scarcely expect is seeking the purposeful people who talk about him to have abandoned his well worn American Art and Music, and holding herself doggedly to theme of redemption, but you are pleasantly sur- the cultural line marked out by her fiercely prised to find that his sociological emphasis has feministic little professor in college. The solu- been much mitigated. In his other books his tion which restores her husband brings her to the social conscience led him always into “problems,” cultural fountain of Greenwich Village in the but his artistic sense seemed incapable of holding happiest kind of an ending for a serious story of him back from pursuing them to an almost crank- redemption. And in the absence of the brooding like exaggeration. The great engineering project in "The Harbor," the wonderful school in "His institutional problem even Ethel seems so much less priggish than the characters in Mr. Poole's Family" swelled to an apocalyptic rôle that be- other books that we are almost willing to excuse came slightly absurd even to the sense of the him his worn and faded theme. most inflamed "social worker" or youthful ideal- ist. And in the latter book the process of living His people, it is true, still sound like persons on in our children's lives received a damnable whom we have never met ourselves, but whom we hear a friend talk about so much that we reiteration that fairly numbed our eugenic good will. Mr. Poole did not purport to be writing come finally to feel almost acquainted with them. large-mouthed allegories of modern engineering The feeling of intimacy would be better con- and education. After all, he was telling a living veyed perhaps if Mr. Poole were more detached story of the kind of people that we all know. from them. There is always too much evidence But what chance had they in a sociological set- that he is sharing their immaturities and making ting so heavily out of drawing? How could out a case for his motifs. His tone is always anybody help being a prig, living in such a glare more or less tight and protective, as if the ad- of institutional responsibility, or acting always so mission of any cynicism or even speculation about that the sociological scriptures might be fulfilled ? his ideals would undermine them. Life to him a a 1918] 541 THE DIAL seems too dangerous to be allowed to run around a good humor that show her a competent dis- loose in a novel. It will not do to give the nat- ciple of Thackeray. You are really acquainted ural man entrance unless the plot is prepared with her characters. She has the jolly attitude to knock him on the head the minute he en- towards life that Mr. Poole lacks, and she is ters. At one point in “His Second Wife" the devoid of moralistic bias. But her glaring de- word "sensual” is thus properly rebuked. I ficiencies of taste spoil one book after another. can hardly think that Mr. Poole wants to write With her ease, humor, and astonishing feeling didactic novels. Yet no one is using fiction today for the commonplaces of American existence, she more devotedly as a vehicle of old-fashioned can yet cheapen a book until she leaves you moral purpose. And the strangest thing about with a feeling of utter intellectual ribaldry. It Mr. Poole is that it is all apparently done in is not only because she has the most hair-raising the name of modern ideas. Yet after all, Ethel, equipment of pseudo-current slang possessed by who finds herself so unexpectedly stepping into any American novelist, and slaps it on with a her dead sister's rôle, with the necessity to fight hand that knows no mercy. The air of Alippancy back the latter's ambitious influence that had which she always manages to reach comes from drawn the young husband away from his dreams, something deeper than that. I think it is that is a soundly and conscientiously conceived char- she lacks all sense of the value of her material, acter. There is a type of well-bred American or at least of the proportionate values. The girl who does exhibit just this combination of earlier chapters about the Thatcher and the infantile desire and sophisticated introspection, of Boardman families, the boy and girl life, are Joan of Arc enthusiasm for feministic causes charming. This homely veracity is the thing and cringing in the face of the concrete dominat- that Mrs. Watts does best. Her easy careless ing male, of extreme sexual timidity and curios- style is suited to it. It is her metier. But the ity about "modern" notions. She is the girl from story of Sandra's life in New York has not the whose instincts the bloom of health has been least artistic relation with this early setting. It rubbed by the sterile family life and education is another novel altogether, and only a feeble which have worked so hard over her. She is artistic sense could run it so placidly along after already beginning to seem a little old-fashioned, the broad and vivid picture of the Boardman but her hesitating priggishness is worth preserv- family. This family was her theme, and Sandra's ing in a novel. adventures are an irrelevance which could only In Sandra Boardman, Mrs. Watts presents us be justified by some conscientious development with very much the same kind of girl, but the that would put them in the key of the earlier author's imagination is unable to do anything else picture. Mrs. Watts however attempts no such with her than turn her into a sort of mummified development. The last touch of gaucherie is pro- professional dancer. There is nothing inherently vided by the recivilized Sandra's appearance in improbable about this pleasant girl's leaving the an army camp, married to the honest sweetheart admirable home of one of the best families in an of her youth. -"The Boardman Family," about Ohio city to make a career for herself in New whom the book is supposed to be, have long since York. But having got her there, Mrs. Watts evaporated from their biographer's interest. reduces this young person of good sense and taste Is this trickery and bad taste the result of Mrs. to a sort of mechanical whirling dervish of mu- Watts's desire for an interesting plot? Does she sical comedy, lets her become preposterously affi- pad out with Sandra because she feels that the anced to her unusually awful Jewish manager, light-minded reader is tired of the family? Or and then extricates her only by the trick of send- is it just American artlessness to write inverte- ing them to England on the Lusitania, from brate novels? Mrs. Watts moves inorganically which she rescues only Sandra. Mrs. Watts fills about with her slangy youth until you long for her pages with so much vulgarity that I may the prig again. Mr. Poole's plot is at least an perhaps be permitted the vulgarity of saying that honest one, organically knit. An honest plot is at this perfectly obvious trickery I felt exactly better than a tricky one. But perhaps American as if my pursuit of the sincere and convincing in novels would be better if the writers were less American fiction had been met by an unusually concerned with plot and incident, and more with impudent thumbing of the nose. One is the the task of telling their story with all the length more indignant because Mrs. Watts has so much and depth and breadth of its significance. talent. She writes with an intimacy, a fluency, RANDOLPH BOURNE. 542 [June 6 THE DIAL BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS embraces. Work has never ceased through the ages. Men like Millet, Menzel, and Daumier DENMARK AND SWEDEN WITH ICELAND have shown us the workman and his sweat; while AND FINLAND. By Jon Stefansson. Put- Pennell deals with work as arduous and as grim, nam; $1.50. he features the boundlessness and immensity of it. The most recent addition to the "Story of the Where Millet dealt with the combat of hoe and Nation Series" is a history of the Scandinavian weed, Pennell swings us in the immensity of pro- lands. The author, Dr. Jon Stefansson of King's duction. He gives us man's control of forces, College, London, is an Icelandic scholar of some where before we had a drawn battle between the eminence, perhaps best known for his study of two. Seen in retrospect Pennell's early work, Scandinavian place-names in England. In the while always full of artistry and technical excel- present volume Dr. Stefansson deals particularly lence, seems to have been inspired by a certain with the history of modern times: his theme is prompting of dilletantism, a certain facile grace the long and disastrous strife between the kings which, though it made his cathedrals beautiful, of Sweden and Denmark for the hegemony in hardly made them as significant monuments of the North and the control of the Baltic, the story their time as our munition works are of our of Danish power in the sixteenth century and of own. In romantic days the hero was made the Swedish leadership in the seventeenth. The first swordsman of France. Today Pennell account is reasonably accurate and will prove makes steel transcendental. It is endowed on helpful to all who would learn the main facts his lithographic stone with the same power and of Scandinavian history; it is, however, thor- glory that the Greek gave to the human figure, oughly conventional and possesses no outstanding that the quattrocento painter gave to God, that excellences. The story of the middle ages in the the landscapist gives to the sun. Where so many North is told in the most meager detail; the war artists have descended into cheap commer- author apparently does not appreciate the fact cialism in their strain for novelty, it is interesting that the development of literary culture in the to note that Pennell keeps his new strength earlier centuries was probably of more lasting within the bounds of art and also without any importance than the struggle for empire in later strain on his medium. His massing of blacks in days. Two good chapters relate the separate "The Prow” and “The Riveters" is splendid. histories of Iceland and Finland; but there is no The Government has shown discernment in separate treatment of Norway. This kingdom deciding that Mr. Pennell should be the one was, it is true, under Danish rule for four cen- artist to see and record the newest wonders. turies; but in the middle ages Norway was, at times at least, the most important country in AMERICA'S MESSAGE TO THE RUSSIAN Scandinavia; and it has again enjoyed a century PEOPLE: Addresses by the Members of the of honorable and independent history since 1814. Russian Mission. Marshall Jones; $1.50. Dr. Stefansson seems also to overestimate the THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. By Alexander rôle of the kings and scarcely appreciates the parts Petrunkevitch, Samuel N. Harper, and played by the great statesmen. On the whole Frank A. Goldberg. THE JUGO-SLAV his account is too much a history of the doings MOVEMENT. By Robert J. Kerner. Har- of courts and capitals; the great popular move- vard University Press; $1. ments that after all shape the life of a nation It has taken us a year to realize how tragically are not given the prominence and detailed treat- important was the task of the special diplomatic ment that they deserve. mission sent to Russia to carry America's greeting to our younger sister in democracy. It then PICTURES OF WAR WORK IN AMERICA. seemed eminently proper that Elihu Root should By Joseph Pennell. Lippincott; $2. be at the head of the mission; he was our fore- Joseph Pennell has been at work supplying a most statesman and diplomatist. After all, his substitute for the tremendous inventory of war- job was to keep Russia in the war and to capture time achievement. In his new book “Pictures of its wavering good will for the Allies. Today, of War Work in America" he has given us thirty- course, we have the wisdom that comes after the six lithographs of the new America. Quite apart event and can see that probably no more unfor- from their significance as images of our country tunate choice could have been made. There is a today, they carry a new connotation of labor. pathetic staleness now in Mr. Root's surmise that One feels that Mr. Pennell should have tried for the Russian revolution was something more than a bigger title than "War Work": in his preface a mere conventional political phenomenon, in his there is a reference to the wonder of work, and warning to the “better classes” that, unless due perhape if the title had been changed to “The restraint were shown, the rights of property Wonder of Production” it would have been more might be destroyed, along with opportunities for in keeping with the remarkable lithographs it commercial development and profit. Yet Mr. 1918] 543 THE DIAL Root is careful never to mention Socialism by courtesy. He knew everybody in the village, at name—at least not in Russia. He reserves his least by sight, even unto the cats. comment for a speech in New York on his return, One kind of population is plenty at No. 5 A.W., viz., when he makes an engaging analogy between cats. They seem an Ecumenical Council. Rose, a those holding the doctrine of internationalism and great favorite with Miss, disappeared from Saturday our own hard-harried I. W. W. This book is night till this forenoon, when she sauntered in at the front gate with that irrelevant air that cats have, a record of the spiritual obtuseness and lack of and showed little emotion at the great joy she caused. imaginative sympathy on the part of our chief John Holmes's provincialism, which exceeded messenger to the new Russia. And so we have Oliver Wendell's, was nearly as local as a cat's. to turn to the lesser luminaries who, if less bril- Playfully, but with underlying meaning, he wrote liant, are intellectually less stubborn. Their to a friend : chance for understanding Russia is correspond- I shall surprise you perhaps by telling you that I too ingly greater. Mr. Harper in an essay called am going to make an excursion; and where do you “Forces Behind the Revolution" sketches the suppose? I am going across the water. What do you changes following the overthrow of the Czar. say to that? I am going to leave my native home- These changes are noted in orderly manner; he its solitudes, sweet though sad—its associations-its group of familiar friends and cross the dreary waste gives them their due weight. Perhaps he gives of waters to Boston. them a bit more. He would have strengthened He was a dear old courtly droll Brahmin, whose his style and point if he had given more emphasis like we shall not see in the twentieth century. to the intense longing on the part of the Russian He died, appropriately, in 1899. people for peace-albeit a general democratic peace and for an opportunity to work out their THE LESS FAMILIAR KIPLING AND KIP- revolution without external complications. Mr. LINGANA. By G. F. Monkshood. Dut- Petrunkevitch discovers that the intellectuals in ton; $2. Russia failed to understand the revolution. Mr. This book is a sufficient refutation of the claim Goldberg contributes an interesting account of that Kipling's reputation is extinct. No publisher the rottenness of the Russian court prior to the would produce so wholly unnecessary a book debacle. And Mr. Kerner summarizes the strug- about a forgotten man. There is probably no gle of the Jugo-Slavs for national unity. modern writer whose bibliography is so confusing as Rudyard Kipling's. No list even approxi- LETTERS OF JOHN HOLMES TO JAMES Rus- mately complete of his uncollected works, and SELL LOWELL AND OTHERS. Edited by William Roscoe Thayer. With an introduc- of the original places of publication of the col- lected works, has ever been compiled. Mr. tion by Alice M. Longfellow. Houghton Monkshood has done nothing to better our knowl- Mifflin; $2.50. edge. He devotes about thirty pages to sum- Holmes, Lowell, Thayer, Longfellow—amply marizing the sketches reprinted in “Abaft the buttressed with great names and adorned with Funnel," a volume which, in America at any expensive illustrations, this somewhat fragile book rate, is not so scarce as to justify such an expendi- is ushered into a warspent world. And on the ture of effort; the remainder of the book is a whole, though John Holmes seems to have hodgepodge of anecdotes, brief quotations from achieved nothing in this life save character, the uncollected works, parodies, and bibliographic publication of his letters is justifiable—maybe notes. Little of the material is new, and most justified-first, because his character is charm- is accessible in better form elsewhere. The most ingly individual; and secondly, because it is sig- scathing parody ever written—that by Hilaire nificantly typical. John—“There is but one Belloc in "Caliban's Guide to Letters”—is not John,” said Lowell, who loved him—was the given, and those which are given are not worth younger brother of Oliver Wendell Holmes. He reprinting. The bibliographic notes add nothing was born in 1812 in the old gambrel-roofed par- to the information contained in the bibliographies sonage near Cambridge Common, graduated from of Yorke Powell, John Lane, Luther Livingston, Harvard in 1832, housed with his mother in the or the pretentious and unsatisfactory "Kipling old house as long as she lived (which was very Dictionary" published five or six years ago. Were long), and then moved across the Common to Mr. Monkshood's pursuit of Kiplingana as inde- Appian Way No. 5, where he remained peace- fatigable as his publishers assert, he would have found the series of articles which appeared in fully through his old age, more or less confined "Notes and Queries" early in 1914, and would by a chronic lameness. Sometimes he could not thereby have corrected some of the errors which walk at all; but there were more times when he he repeats from the writers just named. Some hobbled about in comparative freedom. His day a complete biography and bibliography of many friends agree as to his bright-mindedness Rudyard Kipling will be written, but it is not and keen sense of the droll, his quaintness and likely that Mr. Monkshood will be the author. a ::544 (June 6 THE DIAL a NOTES ON NEW FICTION American work it is, hero or no hero. There are other signs of nationality, for as in its ances- What quaint forms our new international tor "Silas Lapham" the hero's rise comes only idealism may take in an American mind is shown after his financial downfall. Is it the puritanic in an intellectual extravaganza like the anony- story of the Rich Young Man and the Kingdom mous “Professor Latimer's Progress" (Holt; of Heaven that makes us so self-conscious about $1.40. The author is apparently relying on a money? From Whitehaven John Coffin went certain smart frivolity of tone to charm the on to college-very evidently Dartmouth-and in reader towards a serious moral and to comfort any the chapters on undergraduate life Mr. Chase skepticism the war may have given him about really begins his story. Among the easily recog- religion or society. Professor Latimer is a kind nizable types is one Langdon, editor of the col- of American Dr. Pangloss who seeks relief from lege paper, who incidentally gives an illuminating the intellectual oppressiveness of the war in a definition of college as "catalysis.” Coffin walking trip through the countryside, intent on planned to return to college as an instructor, but restoring his faith in the best of all possible was diplomatically thwarted by his father. He worlds. Movie actresses, amateur sociologists, actually did start in a wholesale grocer's in Bos- experimental psychologists, tuberculosis experts, ton. From here, according to the monotonously retired reporters liberate his mind; and, talking and conventionally melodramatic way of busi- all the while, he returns home cured, convinced ness men, he rose to be head of a chain of retail that the evils of society are overrated. He demol- stores in New York, in company with a Jew ishes a young puppy who has insulted Labor by named Marks and his boyhood friend Stowell. picturing it as oppressed; he exposes a psycholo- Quite as clearly as in the chapters on college life, gist who wishes to destroy his soul with statis- the author sketches the commercial scenes and tics; he has a dream fight with their father, the figures of this period: Devil; he puts the modern woman in her place. "There was also an old ark of a typewriter, second Each person he meets becomes a means of his cousin to a drop forge and related by sound to a indignantly reëstablishing for himself some par- McCormick reaper. Stowell used this as a gymna- ticular bright side of things. If the author were sium. In the yards below me a switching engine only a Voltaire all this might be excellent fun. crept about, coughing apologetically but insistently, in search of some car which had fallen into bad But unfortunately he really wants us to believe company." in his God and to believe that in his process of But the business once established, Coffin neg- setting the world straight America is really going lected it for North Shore society and even a to set the eternal verities back on the wall. So voyage of exploration to South America. This his entertaining, if somewhat spinsterly, satire life, hardly more congenial than business, sent ends in the exquisite banality of the Professor's him back to his boyhood home—and a love affair actually achieving comfort and consolation. tardily renewed. Again in Whitehaven he begins Surely nothing is flatter than satire which ends life over after the simultaneous smashup of Marks in a moral. This book's dénouement makes the and the Stores. The book leaves him free to whimsicality of the style highly offensive. The whole thing is put off color. You suspect a pursue a latent interest in painting. Good in many ways, “Flood Tide" is exceptional in one provincial mind which has wrapped its naïve respect: it improves. Not a few of our writers, conservative credulity in a smart sophisticated Booth Tarkington for one, seem rather to tire style. The mind of the author, which one might of their work after the second third of it. Mr. have taken as acute, betrays itself as essentially Chase lives up to his title. It is the early, and frivolous. With the best will in the world to be probably autobiographical, chapters which are the at home with the ideas he tosses so lightly, he weakest of all. This will not be Mr. Chase's seems to lack even that sense of their significance first and only book. which would justify him in ridiculing them. If Joseph Anthony had ended "Rekindled "Flood Tide" by Daniel Chase (Macmillan; Fires" (Holt; $1.40) on page 219 he would $1.50) is the kind of book one hesitates to varnish have had a most charming novel. Stanislav over with too high a gloss-out of sheer liking for Zabransky-Stanley Zabriskie for scholastic pur- the honest grain of the thing as it is. Mr. Chase poses—is about to lead a strike in the tobacco surveys his hero's progress from the small Massa- works in Creekville, New Jersey, when he is chusetts town of his birth to college, through most amusingly and amazedly sent off to college business in Boston and New York, to leisurely under the patronage of his patriarchal Bohemian society—and back again. A young man's book, employer and the local Sons of Bohemia. College and no satire! Further marks of strength are is, of course, the inevitable sequel to those school the vividness of his vision and his unflinching days, so winningly portrayed, when Stanley is the style, though nowhere do you catch more than a intellectual pride of the little immigrant com- profile of John Coffin, the hero. But an amiably munity, teaching his father to read and conduct- . 1918] 545 THE DIAL ing the literary affairs of union and saloon. Life as talking the vernacular. But vernacular and can hardly be as idyllic and entertaining as this local color do not make the man or the story. among the Bohemian and German factory work- When Nemesis descends upon Twinkletoes, and ers of a New Jersey village, but we take the Chinatown learns how her education was bought picture at its own valuation so long as Stanley at the price of her father's crime, when she stays strictly at home and the world is only as weeps and gets drunk and goes to the bad, then large as the village. The author's humor plays Mr. Burke repents him of some of his ways. delightfully about the local racial and political Then too, even at the most tear-stained spot, he feuds, the union and the school, the shrewd old has the hardihood to observe that "she was no parents, Stanley's adventures with his American longer a little girl, but a tortured organism.” boy friend. All this community life makes very Perfervid critics have run up and down fame's novel material, which is treated by the author ladder plucking the busts of O. Henry, Robert with a warm intimacy and charm that is alto- Louis even, and Lafcadio Hearn off their pedes- gether appealing. But the college life that fol- tals and setting Mr. Burke's in the vacant niches. lows is neither novel nor interesting. The It won't do. He has flashes of poetry, imagina- pointlessness of Stanley's adventures betrays the tion, passion, humor. But he has not disciplined amateur's hand, which was concealed while the himself and he writes too often with the irre- author stayed with us in Creekville. Our imag- sponsible excitement of a police court reporter or inations could have done better with Stanley's a builder of thrupenny thrillers. progress than Mr. Anthony has. And incarcera- "The Long Trick" by "Bartimeus" (Doran; tion in a Missouri college as instructor in philos- $1.35) resembles nothing so much as a group of ophy seems a cruelly banal ending for so charming recruiting posters, drawn from life, presenting a boyhood as Stanley Zabriskie's. scenes on the Great Fleet in the North Sea. "Why the 'ell," one can imagine Thomas "Groups of Droll Officers Chaffing in the Ward- Burke saying to himself, "wasn't I born where room," "Group of Midshipmen Dining in the cinnamon and aconite, betel and bhang hang on Gunroom," "A Shore Picnic," "Galley Races, A the air, and luxurious, leisurely revenges are Sparring Matches, and Other Diversions aboard executed with poison and slender knives?" Why Ship" some might be called. The term novel, not indeed, except that then there would have and the division of it into chapters successively been little in London's Chinatown to stimulate numbered, is accordingly a bit misleading, for his interest. His senses would have been accus- otherwise the author has made no particular tomed to the odors and sights that now permeate effort toward continuity. "The Long Trick," him with an exotic feeling of mystery and “Bartimeus's" first “novel,” is a natural successor adventure, and every Mongol would not be so to "Naval Occasions" and "The Tall Ship’-the crammed with delightful dramatic possibilities. one vivid in episode, the other keen in local Mr. Burke's “Limehouse Nights" was melodrama color. Their virtues are the faults of “The Long carried to the nth degree: melodrama of the Trick” as a novel; and there seems to be no real senses, of the imagination, of human events, of reason for insisting that this is a novel. If it is phrases even. There he was, in fact, such a less than that in some ways, it is on the whole a passionate young melodramatist that one forgave great deal more. great deal more. A studied plan would weaken him his crudities. But these stare one rudely in the natural effect of "Bartimeus's" unadorned the eye from “Twinkletoes" (McBride; $1.35). narrative. The decks of these ships are firm No matter how bad the company a story writer's enough to walk on; the characters have substan- characters keep, they really ought not to harbor tial hands to shake; and the same ironic tang "the light of love-madness" in their eyes. Neither flavors the conversation of these enlisted men that is it any longer fashionable for “torrents of bright marked that of Kipling's heroes in India. Now curls” to "foam" about any young lady's neck, and again, with a sweep like Conrad's, “Bartim- nor for prize fighters to talk like a sick school- eus” will turn such a descriptive phrase as: “They girl about love, however sentimental they become. passed each other thus. The waves that washed Mr. Burke's melodramatic bent is betraying him. over the raft rolled the dead man's head to and Twinkletoes, for example, the little dancing girl fro, as if he found the situation rather preposter- who is his adored heroine, is made intolerably ous." With such chapters in mind as that re- good and sweet just to deepen the horror of counting the Battle of Jutland, one has no wish what happens one night when she goes on to disparage "The Long Trick” in calling it a little party. How can anyone help disliking a series of war posters. Real artists with clear eye heroine who had “epigrammatic legs in their and firm hand are also making them. darned stockings," who is sentimental about her It would be difficult, also, to apply the term father and makes everyone including Mr. Burke fiction to any of the six sketches comprising Mr. sentimental about herself? He and she are both L. P. Jacks's "The Country Air” (Holt; $1.). at their best when Twinkletoes is living as well "Farmer Jeremy and His Ways," the first and 9 a 546 [June 6 THE DIAL most creditable, is what a somewhat accelerated happy suicide of her gifted, but dowerless and Addison might do in 1917; “Farmer Perryman's starving, husband catapults her into the arms of Tall Hat" is a distinctly rustic anecdote; there the hero, the dark horse from the first, as every- is a flavor of the sixteenth century in "A Grave- one knew. At this point all those who are not digger Scene”; “Macbeth and Banquo” seems, in already engaged follow the example of the happy spite of its address, of its tramps and smells and pair; those whose marriages are unhappy go back South Africa, and in spite of its title, to be some- into the repentant and forgiving embraces of thing after the way of the urbane and superficial their mates (unless they have first tidily "ended eighteenth century; in “Mary” Mr. Jacks appears everything"); and after a good bath everyone is to be taking unchivairous British revenge on the ready for dinner. Anne Warwick's story New Woman; “That Sort of Thing," for all its “The Best People" (Lane; $1.50) offers just banter, one suspects, is chiefly an editorial on the as much pure joy to the Dressmaker's Apprentice. shocking state of British schools. There are When a fascinating widow of twenty-seven takes many paragraphs and passages that would do the boat for Japan and determines to write her distinct credit to a book of essays; there is humor; entire set of experiences in letters and diary, it there is the grace of wit; there is distinction in is really only fair that most of the men should the writing; there is evidence, even, that Mr. wind up by kissing her passionately, or otherwise Jacks easily lays his hands on the materials of showing their allegiance, in order that the fiction; there is the dispatch so necessary to modo quaintly beautiful settings should have some ern stories. But when all is seen, it is clear that reason for appearing. Luckily the lady learns this volume lacks what most of us understand one of the oldest lessons—that people are just the by fiction. One might say that "Mary" is a same whether you meet them in Brinsville, or novel in the making—if one thereupon hastened Japan, or Timbuctoo. Japan, or Timbuctoo. Sans hope, sans purse, to add that the editor of “The Hibbert Journal” sans wardrobe, she races back to find the long- is not the man to make it. Mr. Jacks, in spite of neglected man at home. the length of these sketches, evidently lacks the "The Bag of Saffron," by Bettina von Hutten "breath” requisite for a novel; and he has the (Appleton; $1.50), by reason of its fine work- tone of a man too long committed to other oppor- manship and careful detail presents a more plausi- tunities than those of fiction. The fifth and ble as well as a more interesting case. The story sixth pieces seem to reveal one who has rather is that of a young girl, brought by a somewhat more joy in the exploits of the essayist than in renegade and certainly dying father to be cared the successful mise-en-scène which makes fiction. for by her maiden aunts. Her gift is charm, not Ladies between the ages of eighteen and beauty; and her passion is that of acquisition. twenty-eight would do well to move very pru- Her worldly sense rarely deserts her, and when dently, these days, for they are being watched. it does, it is brought back again in haste. So Yet some of the heroines of printers' ink are strongly has she resolved upon a rich husband enjoying life more than sensible people can imag- that when she has at last discovered herself to ine. The rules of the game are few: an utter have been moved by an irresistible inclination- willingness, even a fanaticism, for taking a bath one cannot call it love—and married to a man is the first. If there is not a bathtub around the who has next to nothing, she takes advantage of corner at the end of an affecting scene, the whole circumstances and runs off with the magnificent business will go wrong. Then, it is evident that heart-eater who can give her what she must have. a Latin quotation in a crisis calms the nerves as There seems however to be a weak point. After nothing else can. Another requirement is the the scandal has been quenched, and everyone in presence of a pittance, left by a dying dotard, of London is at the lady's door, does it seem quite at least five, if not ten, thousand a year. And fair to suppose that upon hearing of the mortal last, one must have, like all other paper dolls, an illness of the unhappy youth who failed to satisfy assortment of silk nightwear, for early morning her cravings, she should plunge into the night walks in meadows and other appropriate occa- to reach his side and suddenly discover that she sions. Thus provided, the heroine proceeds to knows at last what love is? Her former selfish- trip things up generally. The reader will see ness can hardly have been changed permanently, at once that any one of the novels of Robert W. one would say. The result of her impulse is to Chambers-and among them his newest one, settle everybody happily down in a warm climate, “The Restless Sex (Appleton; $1.50)—complies where the generous husband pays the bills, pre- with all requirements. It is a perfect Soda sumably, and watches the two young creatures Clerk's Paradise in its delightful details of ele- beginning over again. Granted he is given a gance and ästhetics. The lady, gray-eyed and former ladylove-one of the aunts—it is a little charming, makes a marriage of pity (although too much to imagine his acquiescence. The work- living in Greenwich Village she really need not manship, as has been said, is delightful--no have bothered) but lives icily chaste until the clogging lists of tiresome details, yet a distinct 1918] 547 THE DIAL picture of the Yorkshire country. The characters CASUAL COMMENT of the aunts are exceedingly well done, without overdrawing, and the connections of the valley THE DIAL NATURALLY TAKES GREAT INTER- folk, their manners and speech, satisfy the reader. est in the dispatch from London of May 21, It is of course true that American soil is too new printed in our newspapers, stating that Mr. to have acquired a deep-rooted affiliation to its Robert Dell, long correspondent of the "Man- dwellers, but that is not the whole reason why chester Guardian” and since recently a contribut- so many English novels charm us by their rich ing editor of The Dial, had been asked to leave ness of detail and color of atmosphere. Con- France. For a considerable period letters from vincing or not as the book may seem, there is so Mr. Dell on literary and political subjects have much beside the lady errant in it that it compels been appearing regularly every month in our attention. columns, and the obvious displeasure of the It is rather unfortunate that the publishers of French Government towards a responsible and “Days of Discovery,” by Bertram Smith (Dut well known foreign correspondent comes as some- ton; $1.50), should have made comparison to thing of a shock. It hardly accords with our that delightful classic, “The Golden Age.” Mr. conceptions of the generous attitude of France Smith's group of greedy vengeful little tyrants, towards complete freedom of expression (an atti- unconnected-save by an occasional gold-crossed tude in which Mme. Fischbacher-in her letter palm—with their remote elders, do indeed sug- printed on another page-takes a just pride). Yet in view of Mr. Dell's expulsion, we are gest mischievously distorted shadows of our friends in "The Golden Age.” Not that the showing our respect for the desires of the French book is unreal. There is adventure, and sur- . Government, as we understand them, by with- prise; the smell of bonfires, and the elvish experi holding from this current issue the political por- tion of Mr. Dell's Paris letter, written and ments of curious childhood; there is whimsical outlook clothed in fantastic description. But mailed to us only a few days before the order through all the detail-“deliberately literary," for his expulsion was signed—"a purely political We wish to in spite of the publishers—one cannot hold these expulsion," the dispatches state. make it clear that our decision does not reflect dogged discoverers to one's bosom. In fact one cannot give them a civil glance until the first on Mr. Dell, who is in our judgment a four chapters have been forgotten. true friend of France, desirous only of assisting her cause. Good relations between associated A swashbuckling romance in the setting of the time of the French Revolution, with enough peoples are, we believe, best promoted by allowing scheming and plotting and hairbreadth 'scapes to every possible latitude to responsible foreign cor- respondents, and in general the more fearlessly meet the most exacting requirements, is “Lord Tony's Wife” by the Baroness Orczy (Doran; they tell the truth, the better. Of course states- $1.35). It is another successful adventure of men may be sometimes annoyed at this frankness, The Scarlet Pimpernel, where that invincible but it is hardly necessary to balance the respective hero defrauds the guillotine of its prey, and advantages of giving pleasure to statesmen as revenge of its accomplishment. The story pre- against the good which comes from a genuine understanding and rapprochement between peo- sents a very clear picture of the bloody days of ples. In the final analysis, that understanding '93, but there is an unfortunate adeptness on the and rapprochement can come only from both part of the French peasants and bourgeoisie to fall countries' knowing the truth about each other, readily into the Elizabethan idiom in moments of and it is that task of fearless mediation which stress. "The Pawns Count,” by E. Phillips Oppen- cerely attempted to perform. Mr. Dell has in our opinion honestly and sin- heim (Little, Brown; $1.50), is a story of inter- national intrigue with the complications ingeni- ously managed in the author's best manner. The IN NOT PUBLISHING THE POLITICAL PORTION plot seems a bit pallid however at a time when of Mr. Dell's letter, we do not feel that we are the daily press furnishes war news as dramatic dealing unfairly with our readers. Mr. Dell's as any romance. attitude has been made clear in the "Manchester A beautiful American girl in the rôle of a secret service agent successfully Guardian,” from which great organ of liberal "” matches her wits against pro-German plotters. opinion in Britain, the “Evening Post” of New York has reprinted the offending disclosures in Japan and England as well as Germany and extenso. The facts are thus known in England America are involved in a search for the formula and America. Since Mr. Dell based his articles new explosive which is juggled about mainly on what has already appeared in the mysteriously among the intrigants. There are French press, it follows that he has said little, if thrilling incidents, a casual love interest, and a anything, which is not equally well known in dénouement which piques interest. Paris. of a 548 (June 6 THE DIAL been wrong. THE WHOLE QUESTION OF POLICY REVOLVING ticular matter France is unanimously behind M. about the now famous Prince Sixtus note will Clemenceau. It is even less certain that the true evoke as bitter controversies among future his- interests of France would be served by annexa- torians as among present-day publicists. For our tions of large German-speaking territories. Cer- part, we cannot but feel that Mr. Dell did a real tainly the answers of Mr. Balfour in the House service to the world in presenting all the facts of Commons recently to the persistent question- to the open light of public opinion. Many will ing of Mr. Asquith gave the impression that such say that an honorable basis of peace was pre- ambitions no longer constituted any part in the sented and recklessly thrown away (as, for present war aims of France. instance, the London “Nation" already says very plainly); others will assert that the offer was a mere insincere trap. But we do know that THE FUTURE OF FRANCE IS STILL IN PERIL. President Wilson himself tried to detach Austria- She cannot live beside a power so treacherous Hungary from Germany: his failure for the and cruel as Germany without the security of moment so to do is of course attributed by dif- some form of international organization. And ferent people to different causes. Some claim the elements of that international organization that the thing was on the face of it impossible; are already rallying to her aid. Outside the others, that the President did not receive adequate Central Empires and disorganized, helpless Rus- information or support from the three leading sia, the whole world is rushing to her help. May European Allies. M. Clemenceau was clearly we, therefore, make one suggestion for the con- among the skeptics. He turned down Austria- sideration of our French comrades? Hitherto, Hungary, bluntly and with characteristic deci- nationalism in France has burned with a white sion. He may have been right-he may have heat. But is that the whole story today? It is obvious that not all French Can we ever forget Edith Cavell's last words: statesmen agreed with his procedure. It is equally “Patriotism is not enough”? The real guarantee obvious that his manner was not President Wil- for all Republics in the future will be interna- son's. All that we can presume to say at this tional-a League of Nations. It will assuredly distance is that the Prime Minister of France is not be any secret treaty, a confidential scrap of a better judge than we can be of what was the paper, the writing on which fades, like certain best handling of French psychology. inks, with daylight. Slowly but surely British diplomacy is facing West and escaping from nar- row entanglements. French diplomacy, so quick THE ISSUE REALLY NEED NOT BE PURSUED to appreciate a large and abstract principle, has further because it has immeasurably broadened. ` nothing to lose and everything to gain by admit- President Wilson has announced that he stands ting the influence of Washington. With the by Russia as well as by France—which means that Asia is involved with Europe and that particular relations between President Poincaré, America is involved in Asia. The fate of Alsace- M. Clemenceau, and the French Parliament and Lorraine is properly an international and hence people we of course have nothing to do, although world question, yet after all what convinced it is clear that there has never been a greater President Wilson of Teutonic insincerity was less need than there is today for solidarity. But the Germany's dubious proposals about the lost prov- entrance of the United States into the struggle inces than her open and flagrantly predatory and as an unexhausted factor suggests that the orig- cynical treatment of the 'Ukraine, Rumania, and inal Allies, who have fought so gallantly, can the Soviets. Against this background of avowed safely take a broad view of their destinies. Hard and cruel imperialism, the alleged desire by bargains in advance of victory do no good. They France to secure the left bank of the Rhine seems may do harm and create misunderstanding. It trivial. Yet with all due respect to M. Clemen- is the armies of herself and her friends which ceau we are bound to say that we agree with secure a certainty of justice for France, not a President Wilson and Mr. Balfour. It seems to private pact with a Russia that has collapsed. us that the formal or informal presentation of While, therefore, we much regret the loss of this demand was unfortunate, coming at the time Mr. Dell's services as our Paris correspondent it did. The Rhine boundary doubtless presents (he will continue to be one of our regular con- military advantages which appeal strongly to tributors), we cannot but think that the incident French strategists. Nevertheless there are French will do good in so far as it removes ignorance statesmen who hold, as Mr. Dell holds, that such of what is really happening amid the mysteries of an annexation of German soil would leave European statecraft. European statecraft. It helps clear the ground two neighboring nations still at daggers drawn. for a straight fight between the democratic and Indeed, it is far from certain that on this par- the autocratic principles. a 1918] 549 THE DIAL Books for Summer Reading The Dial offers herewith a list of outstanding books published during the spring of 1918, as- suming that it will be understood that such lists are suggeste rather than final. GENERAL LITERATURE. The Book of Job as a Greek Tragedy Restored. By H. M. Kallen. Moffat, Yard & Co.; $1.50. India and the Future. By William Archer. Alfred A. Knopf; $3. Per Amica Silentia Lunae. By William Butler Yeats. The Macmillan Co.; $1.50. Appreciations and Depreciations. By Ernest A. Boyd. The Talbot Press; Dublin. Some Modern Novelists. By Helen Thomas Follett and Wilson Follett. Henry Holt & Co.; $1.50. On Contemporary Literature. By Stuart P. Sher- man. Henry Holt & Co.; $1.50. Platonism. By Paul Elmer More. Princeton Uni- versity Press; $1.75. The Oxford Stamp, and Other Essays. By Frank Aydelotte. Oxford University Press; $1.20. A Boswell of Bagdad. By E. V. Lucas. George H. Doran Co.; $1.35. Diaries of Leo Tolstoy-Youth, 4 vols. Vol. 1. 1847-1852. E. P. Dutton & Co.; $2. Letters of John Holmes to James Russell Lowell and Others. Edited by William Roscoe Thayer. Houghton Mifflin Co.; $2.50. DRAMA AND THE STAGE. Artists' Families. By Eugene Brieux. Translated by B. H. Clark. Doubleday, Page & Co.; 75 cts. The Miracle of St. Anthony. By Maurice Maeter- linck, Translated by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos. Dodd, Mead & Co.; $1.75. The Harlequinade By Dion Clayton Calthrop and Granville Barker. Little, Brown & Co.; $1.25. Representative Plays by American Dramatists. 1765-1819. Edited by Montrose J. Moses. E. P. Dutton & Co.; $3, Harvard Plays. Edited with introductions by Pro- fessor George P. Baker. 2 vols. Brentano; $1 per vol. Essays on Modern Dramatists. By William Lyon Phelps. The Macmillan Co.; $1.50. How's Your Second Act? By Arthur Hopkins. Philip Goodman. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. The Expansion of Europe. By Wilbur Cortez Ab- bott. 2 vols. Henry Holt & Co.; $6.50. National Progress, 1907-1917. By Frederic A. Ogg. Harper & Bros.; $2. The History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century. By Heinrich von Treitschke. Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul. Vol. 4. Robert M. Mc- Bride; $3.25. Mysticism and Logic, and Other Essays. By Bertrand Russell. Longmans, Green & Co.; $2.50. The Psychology of Conviction. By Joseph Jastrow. Houghton Mifflin Co.; $2.50. Totem and Taboo. By Sigmund Freud. Translated by A. A. Brill. Moffat, Yard & Co. Reflections on War and Death. By Sigmund Freud. Translated by A. A. Brill and Alfred B. Kuttner. Moffat, Yard & Co.; 75 cts. Logic as the Science of the Pure Concept. Ву Benedetto Croce. Translated by Douglas Ains- lie. The Macmillan Co.; $3.50. The Philosophy of Benedetto Croce. By H. Wildon Carr. The Macmillan Co.; $2.25. On Reading Nietzsche. By Emile Faguet. Trang- lated by George Raffalovich. Moffat, Yard & Co.; $1.25. Philosophy and the Social Order. By Will Durant. Macmillan; $1.50. Man's Supreme Inheritance. Conscious Guidance and Control in Relation to Human Evolution in Civilization. By F. Matthias Alexander. With an introductory word by John Dewey. E. P. Dutton & Co.; $2. An Ethical Philosophy of Life. By Felix Adler. D. Appleton & Co.; $3. BOOKS ON WAR AND PEACE Men in War. By Andreas Latzko. Translated by Adele Seltzer. Boni & Liveright; $1.50. Our Revolution. By Leon Trotzky, Collected and translated by Moissaye J. Olgin. Henry Holt & Co.; $1.25. “The Dark People": Russia's Crisis. By Ernest Poole. The Macmillan Co.; $1.50. Deductions from the Great War. By Baron von Freytag-Loringhoven. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Face to Face with Kaiserism. By James W. Gerard. George H. Doran Co,; $2. Topography and Strategy in the War. By Douglas W. Johnson. Henry Holt & Co.; $1.75. Militarism and Statecraft. By Munroe Smith. G. P. Putnam's Sons.; $1.50. The End of the War. By Walter E. Weyl. The Macmillan Co.; $1.50, The Structure of Lasting Peace. By H. M. Kallen. Marshall Jones Co. The Alms of Labor. By Arthur Henderson. B. W. Huebsch; paper, 50 cts. Freedom. By Gilbert Cannan. Frederick A. Stokes Co.; $1. Liberty and Democracy. By Hartley Burr Alex- ander. Marshall Jones Co. America Among the Nations. By H. H. Powers. Macmillan Co.; $1.50. Credit of the Nations. By L. Laurence Laughlin. Charles Scribner's Sons; $3,50. POETRY. Posthumous Poems. By Algernon Charles Swin- burne. Edited by Edmund Gosse and Thomas James Wise. John Lane Co.; $1.50. Moments of Vision. By Thomas Hardy, The Mac- millan Co.: $2. Poems. By Edward Thomas. Henry Holt & Co.; $1. Reincarnations. By James Stephens. The Macmil- lan Co.; $1. Nocturne of Remembered Spring, and Other Poems. By Conrad Aiken. The Four Seas Co.; $1.25. Pavannes and Divisions. By Ezra Pound. Alfred A. Knopf; $2,50. Toward the Gulf. By Edgar Lee Masters. The Macmillan Co.; $1.50. Sonnets, and Other Lyrics. By Robert Silliman Hillyer. Harvard University Press; 75 cts. Mid-American Chants. By Sherwood Anderson. John Lane Co.; $1,25. Georgian Poetry: 1916-1917. G. P. Putnam's Sons; $2, FICTION. On the Stairs. By Henry B. Fuller. Houghton Mifflin Co.; $1.50. The Return of the Soldier. By Rebecca West. The Century Co.; $1. The Threshold of Quiet. By Daniel Corkery. Fred- erick A. Stokes Co,; $1.50. Nocturne. By Frank Swinnerton. With an intro- duction by H. G. Wells. George H. Doran Co.; $1.40. Old People and the Things That Pass. By Louis Couperus. Translated by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos. Dodd, Mead & Co, $1.50. South Wind. By Norman Douglas. Dodd, Mead & Co.; $1.60. The Stucco House. By Gilbert Cannan. Gorge H. Doran Co.; $1.50. Pilgrimage: III. Honeycomb. By Dorothy Rich- ardson. Alfred A. Knopf.; $1.50. The Tree of Heaven. By May Sinclair. Macmillan Co.; $1.60. His Second Wife. By Ernest Poole. The Macmillan Co.; $1.50. Aliens. By William McFee. Doubleday, Page & Co.; $1.50. Gudrid the Fair. By Maurice Hewlett. Dodd, Mead & Co.; $1.40. The Unwilling Vestal. By Edward Lucas White. E. P. Dutton & Co.; $1.50. The Wife, and Other Stories. By Anton Chekhov. Translated by Constance Garnett. The Macmil- lan Co.; $1.50. 550 (June 6 THE DIAL man, COMMUNICATION And neither has he been able, since he is a stranger, to enter into the families where he would “LE DROIT DE RÉPONSE" have found the wives, the sisters, the children, the (To the Editor of The DIAL.) fathers and mothers who no longer have sons, and I have several times been unhappily surprised at where he would hear them speak not of Caillaux reading Mr. Robert Dell's letters from Paris in The and Clemenceau, but sometimes of the spirit and DIAL and have been tempted to write, either to the always of the memory of those who are gone. Evi- author or the editor of these letters. I refrained dently Mr. Dell has not known how to see this; from doing this with the thought that an intelli- so what is there left for him? Only some little gent and sincere American (as no doubt the cor- political circles where he finds, naturally, those respondent of this magazine must be) could not who have nowhere else to go-the "defeatists" and live very long in France without learning to under- the "embusqués." stand something of the character of our country It is a shame! And be sure, Monsieur, that you and that he would soon escape from the little circle understand the meaning of my protest. I do not of "defeatists” which had quite evidently shut him for a moment accuse Mr. D of treachery (al- in at first. And I would have thought myself pre- though there is sometimes a very disturbing resem- sumptuous to interpose, even by a letter, between blance between his remarks and the arguments of this stranger who came to judge my country and the German and neutral pro-German journals). the people and conditions he met here. I believe that up to a certain point he can give However, his last letter, published in The Dial proofs and quote articles (more or less correctly of March 14, which has just reached me, awakens understood) in support of each of his affirmations, in me such deep surprise and indignation that it but what he has written is much worse than a seems impossible to keep silent any longer; I can- direct slander. It is, if you like, a hideous cari- not refrain from trying, in such measure as I can, cature instead of a portrait. The features which to put you and your readers on guard against so he has chosen belong to his subject-and it is an wrong and unjust a picture of my country. Par- honor to France that even in her most vital hours don me for this interference. You cannot imagine all types of opinion can be expressed here—but he what a blow it is, at the very hour when we hear seems to have chosen the most unworthy and dis- the shells falling on Paris, at the very hour when cordant features to the exclusion of all others. We we are in agony for our men at the Front, from ourselves scarcely know them; they are such a petty whom in these last days we have had no word, to factor in the composition of our country. What open an American magazine and find there depict- he has given you is not the semblance, but the ing Paris this phrase: “Four months ago I said frightful distortion, of a beautiful face whose true that the war was nearly forgotten here. That is nobility he has not wished to see. still more true now.' If it were simply a question of Mr. Dell himself, I have not the faintest intention of discussing the I would not be so insistent. Rather I would almost details of this letter from Mr. Dell. The “affaire wish (if he is sincere) to try to meet him and teach Caillaux" forms the basis of it and whatever your him to know a little about the true France of correspondent may say, the "affaire Caillaux" has which he is so ignorant-not the France of cafes and little interest either for French women or for the halls which he seems to frequent exclusively, but French men who are at war. They regret it, the France of the soldiers and their families. But because of the shadow which some persons are try- it is not simply a question of Mr. Dell, whose opin- ing, without much success, to cast over the country ions, after all, are of only secondary importance. by its means, and they wait for the verdict which It is a question of your readers, who form a part, will be given. Those who are interested in it- and I believe an enlightened part, of the opinion passionately, I admit-are some politicians of the of that great country, America, which is in this rear who hope to reap a profit from it and ose tense hour the supreme hope of the world. That men who, having lacked the courage to remain in is why I write to you. We have in France a privi- active service, are truly very desirous to hear some- lege called the "right to respond," by virtue of thing else talked of besides that which is happening which any one who considers himself slandered in in the army, in which they have no share whatever. a publication can compel the editor of the article These men make up a very small group-rather to accept his protest and to print it in the very place despised by us—but a stranger who comes to France in which the slander appeared. Here it is, naturally, in war time can very easily be made their dupe. a question neither of right nor compulsion; but I Our best men left Paris four years ago. They consider, Monsieur l'Editeur, that it would be an went away in the first days of August, 1914 and act of high justice on your part to receive and make many, many of them sleep in the fields of the known to your readers, in whatever form you think Marne and the Yser, of Champagne and Verdun. best, this protest which comes from France. The And those who survive are also far away—in a person addressing you is neither a journalist nor a land where Mr. Dell will never meet them, for if professional writer. She is just a woman-whose he should ever risk himself there, it would be only only brother fell near Rheims; whose husband has as an amused stroller, on a carefully chosen day, been away since August, 1914; and who is bring- in a “quiet sector." ing up her children alone, in memory of those who So Mr. Dell does not know the real French- are fallen and with profound faith in the future a 1918] 551 THE DIAL SUMMER READING TO CHEER of her land. It is because she does not speak to you in her own name, but in the name of the thou- sands and thousands of French women who are living the same lives and thinking the same thoughts, that she does not despair of being heard. MARGUERITE FISCHBACHER. Paris, France. [EDITOR's Note: Mme. Fischbacher should have observed that the date line of the particular letter of Mr. Dell's which aroused her eloquent protest showed that Mr. Dell was writing before the begin- ning of the German offensive of March 21. His next letter was cut for reasons of space, but its first sentence was to the effect that his own words now that Paris talked of nothing but the military situation—had come as a blow in the face. Mr. Dell is not a recent arrival in Paris; neither is he an American. For many years he has been the corespondent of the Manchester "Guardian" in the French capital, and as such has had exceptional opportunities to learn conditions at first hand. He has personal friends among practically all of the re- cent Ministries. Mme. Fischbacher may also be surprised to learn that no one has written with such bitterness towards the “embusqué” as Mr. Dell himself, who, whatever may be his faults of observa- tion, does know the French soldier and is well acquainted with his feelings. THE DIAL's confi- dence in Mr. Dell is expressed at some length in the "Casual Comment" pages.] "A Prose Epic of Heroism" THE GLORY OF THE TRENCHES By LT. CONINGSBY DAWSON, author of "Carry On," etc. Frontispiece. Cloth, $1.00 net "From beginning to end, "The Glory of the Trenches' is a happy book. It is happy, not because the author has escaped suffering or even horror, but because whether or not he puts it into plain words of literal statement-he has grasped some- thing beyond those things."—New York Times. A Message of Comfort and Good Cheer for Father and Mothers of “Soldier Boys" THE FATHER OF A SOLDIER By W. J. DAWSON, author of "Robert Shenstone," etc. Cloth, $1.00 net “This book comes from the heart and goes to it. It is the effort of a father who has reached a great height to make others realize that no lesser height is possible."-New York Evening Post. TO INFORM 9 NOTES AND NEWS The index to the current volume is now ready and will be sent post paid to those readers who wish to receive it, provided they will send in their request within thirty days. This index is included in the library copies of The Dial, but it is the publisher's impression that few others will be in- terested in receiving an index and he feels justified in saving white paper under existing conditions. P. W. Wilson, author of "Pilgrim Sons of 1920" in this issue of The DIAL, is the American corre- spondent of the London "Daily News," of which he was formerly the Parliamentary correspondent. He was a member of Parliament from 1906 to 1910. Mr. Wilson's book “The Christ We Forget" is published by the Fleming H. Revell Co. Scofield Thayer, who reviews Frank Harris's "Oscar Wilde" for this number, now joins the edi- torial staff of The DIAL. After receiving the degrees A.B. and A.M. from Harvard, where he was Secretary of “The Harvard Monthly,” Mr. Thayer studied for two years at Magdalen Col- lege, Oxford. He has since been writing in New York City. Annette Wynne is a graduate of New York University (M.A. 1916). She is about to bring out a book of child verse. The other contributors to this number have previously written for The DIAL. “The Muse in Arms,” an anthology of war poems edited by E. B. Osborn, the English edition of which How Haig Fights and Feeds His Armies THE BUSINESS OF WAR By ISAAC F. MARCOSSON, author of "The Rebirth of Russia," "The War After the War," etc. 16 IUustrations. Cloth, $1.50 net “The only book of its kind in the field of war literature. It presents a huge area of intricate and humanly fascinating energies co-ordinated in effort for & mighty end, and it covers the whole territory with an economy of text little short of being mar- velous."-Philadelphia Record. The "Black Monk" of Russia RASPUTIN AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION By PRINCESS CATHERINE RADZIWILL ("Count Paul Vassili") 16 Illustrations. 8vo. Cloth, $3.00 net Here the author of "Behind the Veil at the Russian Court" presents the details of the extraor- dinary career of that sinister personageGregory Rasputin--with truth and accuracy. “Uneasy Lies the Head" MY EMPRESS By MARFA MOUCHANOW. 16 Illustrations. 8vo. Cloth, $2.50 net Twenty-three years of intimate life with Her Former Majesty, the Czarina Alexandra of Russia, from her marriage to the day of her exile, written by her First Maid in Waiting. An intimate glimpse behind the purple curtain. Secrets in the Lives of the German Princes LOVE INTRIGUES OF THE KAISER'S SONS Chronicled by WILLIAM LE QUEUX IUustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $2.00 net Here the veil is lifted from the private lives of the Kaiser's song, showing how they were frequently in- volved in affairs of the heart with girls in all classes of society. JOHN LANE CO. NEW YORK Order From Your Booksellor 552 (June 6 THE DIAL 3 “AT MCCLURG'S" It is of interest and importance to Librarians to know that the books reviewed and advertised in this magazine can be par- chased from us at advantageous prices by Public Libraries, Schools, Colleges and Universities In addition to these books we have an exceptionally large stock of the books of all pub- lishers - a more complete as- sortment than can be found on the shelves of any other book- store in the entire country. We solicit correspondence from librarians unacquainted with our facilities. LIBRARY DEPARTMENT A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago was reviewed in Mr. Shanks's letter from London in The Dial for January 31, is now announced in this country by the Frederick A. Stokes Co. Small, Maynard & Co., who published the 1917 "Anthology of Magazine Verse,” have taken over Mr. Braithwaite's previous anthologies, 1914-1916. The 1918 volume is now announced. Paintings and works of art which have been donated for the benefit of the Permanent Blind Relief War Fund will be on sale at the Anderson Galleries, New York, June 5-7. D. L. Stevens, of the American Telephone and Telegraph Co., has prepared “A Bibliography of Municipal Utility Regulation and Municipal Own- ership,” which is published by the Harvard Uni- versity Press at $4. For June publication Houghton Mifflin announce "Life in a Tank,” by Captain Richard Haigh, and "High Adventure," a new book by Captain James Norman Hall, the American aviator who was re- cently reported dead, but is now reported wounded and a prisoner. Late May issues from Moffat, Yard & Co. in- cluded: “The Book of Job as a Greek Tragedy Restored,”_by H. M. Kallen; “On Reading Nietz- sche," by Emile Faguet, translated by George Raf- falovich; “Totem and Taboo,” translated from Freud by A. A. Brill; and “Personality and Con- duct,” by Maurice Parmelee. The early June Lane list includes: "Messines, and Other Poems,” by Emile Cammaerts; “Raspu- tin and the Russian Revolution," by Princess Radzi- will (Count Vassili); "Love Intrigues of the Kaiser's Sons,” by William Le Queux; “Flower Name Fancies," a series of drawings illustrating flower nicknames, by Guy Pierre Fauconnet; and a special issue of "The International Studio” de- voted to "The Development of British Landscape Painting in Water-Colors." Two more magazines have recently issued their first numbers. “The Hispanic American Historical Review," a quarterly, is published from 1422 Irving Street, N.E., Washington, D. C. The editors are: Charles E. Chapman, Isaac J. Cox, Julius J. Klein, William R. Manning, William Spence Robertson, and James A. Robertson (Managing). “The Arbi- trator," which is published monthly by the Free Religious Association of America, devotes each number to pro-and-con debate of some question of "political, social, and moral interest," the first issue discussing the prohibition of the liquor traffic. An appended questionnaire is designed to elicit the opinions of readers for summary in a subsequent number. The address of “The Arbitrator" is Box 42, Wall Street Station, New York City. Among the early June publications of the George H. Doran Co. are: "The Real Colonel House," by Arthur D. Howden Smith; "The New Revela- tion,” by A. Conan Doyle; "Across the Flood," by Lord Reading; “Germany as It Is To-day," by Cyril Brown; “When the Somme Ran Red," by Captain A. Radclyffe Dugmore; "The Merchant Seaman in War," by L. Cope Cornford; "A Canadian Twilight," by Bernard Freeman Trotter; “The Warp and the Woof,” by Rev. George Steven; and Harold Begbie's “Albert, Fourth Earl Grey." “The most comprehensive, thorough, and systematic presentation of German- American relations."-N. Y. Evening Post. A Survey of INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS between the UNITED STATES and GERMANY August 1, 1914–April 6, 1917 (Based on Official Documents) By JAMES BROWN SCOTT, Major, U. S. R. "A record which, if all other books in the world were to be destroyed, would itself alone be an abundant condemnation of Germany and an abundant vindication of our present course in warring against the Hun."-N. Y. Tribune. "An invaluable book of reference concerning the events leading up to the participation of the United States in the greatest war in history.”— N. Y. Sun. "It is the most damning array of evidence yet adduced.”—Phila. Bulletin. Royal 8vo, cloth, 506 pages, net $5.00 At all Booksellers or from the Publishers Oxford University Press, American Branch New York 35 Wost 32nd Street > 1918] 553 THE DIAL Sea Power and Freedom. A Historical Study By Gerard Flennes. Introduction by Bradley Allen Fiske, Rear-Admiral, U.S. N. 8°. 32 Illustrations. $3.50 not Until Admiral Mahan published his epochal book, “The Influence of Sea Power upon His- tory," in 1890, few had realized what a dis- tinctive influence sea power has had on history. But Admiral Mahan only took up the period between 1660 and 1873. This most important and readable volume discusses the question throughout all the ages, including actions in the present war. A volume that cannot fail to be of greatest interest to the intelligent reader. First, the readers of the "Bystander” were seen to go about their daily affairs with a broad grin, then London began to chuckle, and then the Empire began to rock with laughter. And all because Captain Bruce Bairnsfather out there in the trenches, had begun to make little sketches on odd scraps of paper. Now the world is chortling over these Bairnsfather books: Fragments from France, 8°, 143 plates, 15 smaller Illustrations, $1.75. Frag. ments from Franco, Part V. 4°, paper, 32 plates, 50 cents. Balrnstathor-A Few Fragments from His Life. Large 8° text by a friend, 26 full pages, 26 text Illus- trations, $1.25. Bullets and Billets- His Experiences in the Trenches, with 18 full page and 23 text Illustrations, $1.50. In Flanders Fields By John McCrae LIST OF NEW BOOKS [The following list, containing 61 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] THE WAR. Tales from a Famished Land. By Edward Eyre Hunt. 12mo, 193 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.25. Under the German Shells, By Emmanuel Bourcier. Translated by George Nelson Holt and Mary R. Holt. Illustrated, 12mo, 217 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. A Surgeon in Arms. By Robert J. Manion. With frontispiece, 12mo, 310 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. The New Book of Martyrs. By Georges Duhamel. Translated by Florence Simmons. 12mo, 221 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35. The Heart of a Soldier. By Lauchlan MacLean Watt. 12mo, 258 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35. A General's Letters to His Son: On Obtaining His Commission. 16mo, 111 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. Winged Warfare. By Major W. A. Bishop. Illus- trated, 12mo, 272 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50. The Merchant Seaman In War. By L. Cope Corn- ford. With a Foreword by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe. 12mo, 320 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50. The Fighting Engineers, By Francis A. Collins. Illustrated, 12mo, 200 pages. The Century Co. $1.30. Trucking to the Trenches. By John Iden Kautz. 12mo, 173 pages. Houghton Miffin Co. $1. A Prophecy of the War. By Lewis Einstein. With a foreword by Theodore Roosevelt. 12mo, 94 pages. Columbia University Press. The War-Whirl in Washington. By Frank Ward O'Malley, Illustrated, 12mo, 298 pages. The Century Co. $1.50. Keeping Our Fighters Fit. By Edward Frank Allen. 12mo, 207 pages. The Century Co. $1.25. “Across the Flood." Addresses at the dinner in honor of the Earl of Reading at the Lotos Club, New York, March 27, 1918. 12mo, 90 pages. George H. Doran Co. Wake Up America! By Mark Sullivan. 16mo, 101 pages. The Macmillan Co. 60 cts. FICTION YOU No Longer Count. By René Boylesve, Trans- lated by Louise Seymour Houghton 12mo, 270 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. The Pretty Lady. By Arnold Bennett. 12mo, 352 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50. The Promise of Air. By Algernon Blackwood. 12mo, 279 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. The Graftons. By Archibald Marshall. 12mo, 337 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. Foe-Farrell. By “Q" (Quiller-Couch). With frontis- piece, 12mo, 358 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. Caste Three. By Gertrude M. Shields. With frontis- piece, 12mo, 450 pages. The Century Co. $1.40. Over the Hills and Far Away By Guy Fleming. 12mo, 325 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. The Way Out. By Emerson Hough. Illustrated, 12mo, 313 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. The Man from Bar-20. By Clarence E. Mulford. Illustrated, 12mo, 319 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.40. Shot With Crimson. By George Barr McCutcheon. Illustrated, 12mo, 161 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1. The Rose-Bush of a Thousand Years. By Mabel Wagnalls. Illustrated, 12mo, 77 pages. Funk & Wagnalls Co. 75 cts. Her Country. By Mary Raymond Shipman Andrews. 12mo, 81 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. 50 cts. Ransom! By Arthur Somers Roche. 12mo, 312 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35. Czech Folk Tales. Collected and translated by Dr. Josepf Baudis. Illustrated, 12mo, 196 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.75. Great Ghost Stories. Selected by Joseph Lewis French. 12mo, 365 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. John McCrae, physician, soldier and poet, died in France, a Lieutenant-Colonel, in January 1918, but his memory will live for many a day through these war verses which are thought by many critics to be the best poetry so far produced by the war. The exquisite poem that gives the book its title has been widely reprinted in the newspapers, but most of the others are unknown to American readers. All Booksellers G. P. Putnam's Sons New York London 554 [June 6 THE DIAL GREAT WAR, BALLADS By Brookes More Readers of the future (as well as today) will understand the Great War not only from pe- rusal of histories, but also from Ballads-having a historical basis-and inspired by the war. A collection of the most interesting, beauti- ful and pathetic ballads.- True to life and full of action. $1.50 Not For Salo by Brentano's; The Bakor & Taylor Co., Now York; A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago; St. Louis Now. Co., and AU Book Stores THRASH -LICK PUBLISHING CO. Fort Smith, Arkansas, U. S. A. F. M. HOLLY Author'ud Put nebem' Loprosentado Is Noth Avenue, New York (Inabllobed 1995) MI ND KLE KORUNON VIL BB SKI ON upun THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Thirty-eighth Year. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT REVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication. Address DR. TITUS M. COAN, 424 W. 119th St., Now York City By Theo. Di Jervey: Paper. I did F you want first editions, limited edi- tions, association books books of any kind, in fact, address: DOWNING, Box 1336, Boston, Mass. POETRY AND DRAMA. The Poets of Modern France. By Ludwig Lewisohn. 12mo, 199 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1.50. The Retinue, and Other Poems. By Katharine Lee Bates. 12mo, 138 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. From the Front. By Clarence Edward Andrews. 12mo, 220 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1. Rhythms. By Charles Reznikofl. 16mo, 24 pages. Published by the author. Paper. Three Playı. By David Pinski, Translated by Isaac Goldberg. 12mo, 234 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1.50. Out There. By J. Hartley Manners. Illustrated, 12mo, 182 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. Wisconsin Plays: Second Series. 12mo, 217 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1.50. Rise Up, Jennie Smith. By Rachel L. Field. 12mo, 22 pages. Samuel French. Paper, 25 cts. The Land Where Lost Things Go. By Doris Hal- man. 12mo, 67 pages. Samuel French. Paper, 25 cts. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, AND REMINISCENCE. The Expansion of Europe. By Wilbur Cortez Abbott. Illustrated, 2 vols., 8vo, 463-512 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $6.50. Sen Power and Freedom. By Gerard Fiennes. Introduction by Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske. Illustrated, 8vo, 374 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50. Santo Domingo: A Country with a Future. By Otto Schoenrich. Illustrated, 8vo, 418 pages. The Macmillan Co. Boxed, $3. The French and American Independence. By J. J. Jusserand. 16mo, 212 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. The Great War: the Causes and the Waging of It. 8vo, 103 pages. The State Co., Columbia, S. A Spiritual Æneid. By R. A. Knox. 8vo, 263 pages. For the Book Lover phone books now out tions. of print. Latest Cata. C. Gerhardt, 25 W. 42d St., New York logue sent on request. The Advertising Representative of THE DIAL in England is MR. DAVID H. BOND 407 Bank Chambers, Chancery Lane, London, W. C. The putnam Bookstore 2west 45 store. N. Y. Book Buyers Longmans, Green & Co. $2.50. Albert, Fourth Earl Grey: A Last Word. By Harold Begbie. With frontispiece, 12mo, 183 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25. POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS. Acte Final de la_Session de la Havane, 22-27 Jan- vier, 1917: Résolutions et Projets. Institut Américain de Droit International, 8vo, 129 pages. Oxford University Press. The Reports to the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907. Edited by James Brown Scott. 4to, 940 pages. Oxford University Press. 15s. The Guilt of Germany. Prince Karl Lichnowsky's Memorandum, together with Foreign Minister Von Jagow's Reply. With frontispiece, 12mo, 122 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cts. Liberty and Democracy. By Hartley Burr Alex- ander, 12mo, 229 pages. Marshall Jones Co. $1.75. The Revolution Absolute. By Charles Ferguson. 12mo, 329 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. Japan or Germany. By Frederic. Coleman. 12mo, 232 pages, George H. Doran Co. $1.35. The Conflict of Tax Lawn. By Rowland Estcourt. 8vo, 16 pages. The University of California Press. Paper, $1.25. Welfare and Housing. By J. E. Hutton. Illus- trated, 12mo, 192 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.50. Women Wanted. By Mabel Potter Daggett. 12mo, 384 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50, Collective Bargaining and Trade Agreements: in the Brewery, Metal, Teaming and Building Trades of San Francisco, California. By Ira A. Cross. 8vo, 131 pages. University of California Press. Paper, 30 cts. The Truth about the I. W. W. 12mo, 55 pages. The National Civil Liberties Bureau, New York. Paper. JUVENILE. Bird Woman. By James Willard Schultz. Illus- trated, 12mo, 235 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50. The Call to the Colors. By Charles Tenney Jack. son. Illustrated, 12mo, 324 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.35. Woodcraft Girls in the City. By Lillian Elizabeth Roy. Illustrated, 12mo, 329 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25. Patriotic Plays for Young People. By Virginia Olcott. 12mo, 174 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. IPUTNAMS BOOKS Just who cannot get satisfactory local service, are urged to establish relations with our bookstore. We handle every kind of book, wherever published. Questions about literary matters answered promptly. We have customers in nearly every part of the globe. Safe delivery guaranteed to any address. Our bookselling experience extends over 80 years. 1918] 555 THE DIAL NOTABLE ARTICLES IN THE JULY YALE REVIEW Should We Build the Channel Tunnel? BY MAJOR GENERAL GREENE, U.S.V. A Proposal for the Immediate Building by the United States Government of this Long-discussed Bond between England and France as a Military Necessity to Win the War. Illusions of the Kaiser and the Allies BY E. J. DILLON, British War Critic A Stirring Attack on the Preoccupation by the Allies with the Military Situation in the West to their Serious Neglect of the German Tactical Development in Russia and the Orient. Why Holland has kept Neutral BY HENDRIK W. VAN LOON, Historian and War Correspondent An Effective Statement of the Consistent Efforts of the Dutch Nation, while Pro-Ally in Public Sentiment, to Remain Neutral. The New International Order BY ARTHUR HENDERSON, M.P. A Timely and Highly Important Public Discussion of the New Social Order which is Emerging from the World Struggle, by the Chairman of the Parliamentary Labor Party and Former Member of the British War Cabinet. This Article may well become one of the most significant Papers of the Times. and A delightful essay by Meredith Nicholson, in a new vein. “Jerusalem Delivered," a poem interpreting Jewish Ideals, by Louis Untermeyer. “The Valleys of the Blue Shrouds," a war poem by John Finley. The American Soldier's Social Problems in Europe. The Airplane, American Women and the War, Etc., Etc. Special Notice to DIAL Readers This exceptionally interesting number of The Yale Review, America's leading quar- terly, will be mailed free to anyone subscribing for the year beginning with the next (Octo- ber) number. Price, $2.50 a year; 75 cents the copy. On sale at all important bookstores in the country. THE YALE REVIEW, New Haven, Conn. When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 556 (June 6, 1918 THE DIAL LIPPINCOTT BOOKS SSANT DROIT 1792 1918 FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY MONTREAL PHILADELPHIA LONDON “Unquestionably the Best” The Boston Transcript: Of all the books that have come to our notice, works dealing primarily with the problem of Bagdad, Prof. Morris Jastrow's "The War and the Bagdad Railway," with its illustrative map, is un- questionably the best. THE WAR AND THE BAGDAD RAILWAY By MORRIS JASTROW, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D. 14 illustrations and a map. Cloth, $1.50 net Hon. Oscar S. Straus, Ex.-U. S. Ambassador to Turkey: “My purpose was to congratulate you upon this excellent study and valuable contribu- tion to possible terms of peace." The New Republic: "Hard to match for brevity and clearness. As an Oriental scholar, Prof. Jastrow is singularly well equipped to set forth in the light of history the conditions that have made Asia Minor such a disastrous breeder of strife, and this is, in fact, his most interesting contribution." THE WAR AND THE COMING PEACE By MORRIS JASTROW, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D. $1.00 net A companion volume to the author's "The War and the Bagdad Rail- way," which has taken its place among the valuable books called forth by the war. Prof. Jastrow in this book, carrying out the spirit of his other work and applying himself to the deeper aspects of the war, the "under- currents," as the author puts it, shows how both the great conflict and the coming peace must be looked at from the angle of the moral issue. It is written for those who wish to pass from a consideration of sur- face events to a deeper interpretation of the great conflict; it aims especially to provide a basis on which a structure of enduring peace can be erected. A Remarkable Biography THE LIFE AND TIMES OF STEPHEN GIRARD MARINER AND MERCHANT By JOHN BACH MCMASTER. 7 illustrations, 2 volumes, Octavo. $5.00 net It seems strange that there has never been an adequate biography of the famous Stephen Girard, but the subject has now been handled by a master hand. From the immense mass of material available, John Bach McMaster has been able to build up a great story, told in large part by Girard himself, through his letters, papers and memoranda concerning events and people. It is not only the story of a noted man, who left his impress upon history, but also of the times in which he lived. What Did We Get for $25,000,000? THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Our New Possessions and the British Islands By THEODOOR DE BOOY and JOHN T. FARIS Profusely Illustrated. $3.00 net Describes everything one would wish to know about these Islands, which were formerly the Danish West Indies and recently purchased by our Government. Special features : Five magnificent maps made especially for this volume; over 100 original photographs ; hints and suggestions to investors ; complete information for travelers ; entertaining sketches and stories of the history and romance of the Islands. By the Author of the Very Popular "HOW TO LIVE AT THE FRONT" OVER HERE By HECTOR MACQUARRIE, Lieutenant Royal Field Artillery. $1.35 net Serious and sprightly snap shots of our country which Americans will read with keen delight. "A contribution to the foreign school of personal impression which is so kindly in its point of view and so interesting and informal in its style that the American reading public will doubtless take it immediately to their hearts as well as their book shelves. This rapid synopsis of some of the topics touched upon by the gallant author does not give any idea of the humor, the zest, the delightful quality of his book."-New York Morning Telegraph. OVER THE THRESHOLD OF WAR Personal Experiences of the Great European Conflict By NEVIL MONROE HOPKINS, Ph.D., Major, Ordnance Reserve Corps, United States Army. 70 illustrations. Many from snapshots by the author. Drawings, documents and colored proclamations. $5.00 net. Written in a charming narrative style from a truly remarkable diary of the first few months of the great World War, taking the reader into the feverish atmosphere of Europe during the dark days of the gather- ing war clouds, and in the early months of the crash which followed. The proceeds from the sale of this book will be donated by the author to the fund of the Belgian Scholarship Committee of which he is Chairman. Officially Authorized by the SECRE- TARY OF WAR OFFENSIVE FIGHTING By MAJOR DONALD MCRAE, U.S.A. This book tells how the actual fighting is done. Major McRae saw a year of hard fighting. He gives specific detailed instructions on the officers' work of the armies in France. 16 original sketches to illustrate the text. $2.00 net THE ENCHANTED BARN By GRACE L. H. LUTZ, Author of "The Best Man," "Marcia Schuy. ler," etc. Frontispiece in color. $1.35 net "A clean, sweet story told with fine art; a story to leave a pleasant taste lingering on one's mental pal- ate, There are thrills in the story, too, and enough of mystery to sat- isfy and hold attention of any right- minded reader.”—The New York Herald. For Boys and Girls AMERICAN BOYS' BOOK OF SIGNS, SIGNALS AND SYMBOLS By DAN BEARD, National Scout Commissioner, Boy Scouts of Amer. ica. 350 illustrations by the au- thor. Octavo. $2.00 net. A fascinating subject and who better qualified could be selected than Dan Beard to write about the signs and signals of the Indians, foresters and animals in the woods, tramps and secret organizations in the towns and cities, the Morse Telegraph code, the wigwagging of the navy, the deaf and dumb lan- guage ? These are all here, care- fully illustrated, most intelligently decribed. WINONA'S WAR FARM By MARGARET WIDDEMER Hlustrated. $1.25 net Winona and her friends of the Camp Fire Girls, together with a party of Boy Scouts and a Society of little girls called "The Blue Birds," have great fun in farming. war PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-OSWALD PRINTING CO., CHICAGO. { + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A000020203177 Aaron Bldg. A A000020203177 503