f his unquestionable gifts. As a symbolist he is not so good, but his drawings of the figure are not only poetic in the best sense, but struc- turally sound and full of life. The critical introductions, compared with the freshness of the artist's vision, seem pretentious and unimportant. As I Like It, Second Series, by William Lyon Phelps (12mo, 282 pages; Scribner: $2). It takes twenty pages of two columns each to contain the index to this comparatively smallish book. Everything is mentioned, from F. P. A.'s column in The World, to Beethoven's Ninth Symphony—and usually with sweet commendation. Never since books began, has praise rained down so upon the just and the unjust. But hold! There is an ex- ception. Upon reconsulting the precious index it appears that The DIAL, alone among things printed, has been ignored. Can it be that Prof. Phelps disapproves of The Dial? What a unique distinction! MAMMONART, by Upton Sinclair (8vo, 396 pages; published by the author: $1). As a part of this chiropractic "interpretation" of the fine arts, Mr Upton Sinclair prophesies that Mammonart will soon be a text-book in Russia. The little Russians then, will be treated to a text-book which proceeds for no more than two pages without making twenty-two errors of fact. They will be informed that the “Austrian” princess, Catherine de Medici (deceased 1589) was exiled by Richelieu at the age of one hundred and ten; and will be edified by profound "interpretations" of such world-luminaries as Richard Harding Davis, Jack London, Oscar Wilde, David Graham Phillips, and Mrs Humphry Ward-intermingled with fatuous evaluations of Sophocles, Dante, Shakespeare, Racine, and many others. We believe it unnecessary to discuss the ethical values of a volume which has no critical ones. The LIFE OF Thomas Hardy, by Ernest Brennecke, Jr. (8vo, 260 pages; Greenberg: $5). That the title of this well-bound volume should be a misleading one was only to be expected. The time has not yet arrived for the Lytton Stracheys of real biography to be free to get to work. Meanwhile one learns from Mr Brennecke, Jr., that Hardy's Jersey ancestors were of noble blood and his Wessex ancestors of yeoman blood. We also learn that his so-called pessimism “was born of physical comfort and reflective thought.” The book is allied to that class of discreet homage represented by M Gsell's brochure on Anatole France. One hopes that it will never be followed by anything resembling the malicious liveliness of Brousson's more recent work. Biography is as different from "buskined" adulation as it is different from “en pantoufles” gossip. It is a rare and subtle art not yet learned either by Brousson or Mr Brennecke, Jr. BRIEFER MENTION 263 BYRON, by Ethel Colburn Mayne (illus., 8vo, 474 pages; Scribner: $5). It is as well that one hundred years separates Ethel Mayne from Lord Byron, for she is as enamoured of him as any of the females who pursued him through life; and the list of these is already long enough. The “Adonis of the ages,” she calls him; and it is clear that, in private, she repudiates the idea of the club foot. She repudiates none of the immo- ralities, however, but on the contrary, gloats over each in great detail. Byron was the child of his age and did only what everybody else did, though doing it, of course, better. The Astarte revelations are believed in, and it is for them that this new edition of an already lively biography is issued. With cold but exact justice, the character of Lady Byron is rehabilitated. She is the only one of all the personages of the story who tells the truth and invariably tells the truth. She was a good woman misplaced in history, the only good woman of her time. She should have lived forty years later in New England to marry Hawthorne; though in that case, naturally, Miss Mayne's narrative would have been much less entertaining. Twice Thirty, by Edward W. Bok (8vo, 539 pages; Scribner: $4.50). Personal reminiscences and philosophy (success talks) of a man who “kept to the middle of the road” and who has reached sixty with the glow of a healthy liver and an even healthier purse. Mr Bok is undoubtedly a valuable citizen, has beyond question transmitted to his children that "strain of unsullied blood” of which he speaks, has clapped on the back many Pathéd and syndicated frames, and has devoted much effort to what he considers the public good—and as such he possesses all the social benevolence and personal expansiveness of the typical "extravert.” His book is friendly, life-loving, promoting, yea-saying-and subtly mad- dening. WILLIAM Austin, The CREATOR OF Peter RugG, Being a Biographical Sketch of William Austin, together with the best of his Short Stories, col. lected and edited by his grandson Walter Austin (8vo, 317 pages; Mar- shall Jones : $5). That William Austin, Esq., of Dedham, Massachusetts, should have devoted ten years of his life to historic research in con- nexion with his grandfather is rather to be admired than regretted. The result is agreeable and quaint. But it cannot be called critical. For, however pleasant it may be to linger among old-fashioned ways and leisurely lives, when one actually peruses the tale of Peter Rugg—together with The Man With the Cloaks and Martha Gardner, Austin's other short-stories—one does not feel prepared to agree with Colonel Higgin- son that such work is on a level with the various versions of The Flying Dutchman or Rip Van Winkle as have come one's way. As to any asso- ciation between the extremely dry humour of William Austin and the profound genius of Hawthorne, we must confess we can see nothing of it. The history of fiction is one thing. The history of literature is quite another thing. COMMENT This is perhaps our nearest approach to a definition of Beauty: that it is a supreme instance of Order, intuitively felt, in- stinctively appreciated. DENMAN WALDO Ross IN 1854, in a report made by the librarian of The Astor Library, I New York City—we read: “The young fry of today employ all the hours they are not in school, reading trashy current fiction such as Scott, Cooper, Dickens, Punch, and The Illustrated News.” From this statement it would appear that young people may be spontaneously attracted to that which is educative, and one is reminded that education has been defined as, "any activity which we value not for its direct results but for its indirect effects upon the capacity of the man who is engaged therein”—a wise version, it is obvious, of the banal dogma that compulsory study of helpful subjects is invariably baneful. One observes the desultoriness of children whose adult associates are superficial and artificial. Energy and imagination are, however, never greater than in childhood; and it is possible to find even to-day, on the part of some children, purposefulness and originality which are extraordinary. The recent exhibition at The Metropolitan Museum, of work done in the Education Department of The Worcester Art Museum, is diverting—indeed most enriching—to those who have observed the power implicit in the child's imagination. The work exhibited, comprising formal and pictorial designs, is the product of children from eight to thirteen years of age, who have come voluntarily to The Worcester Museum–have studied there, the pottery, textiles, and paintings, and have been instructed in accordance with the theories of Dr Denman Waldo Ross. A project which is aesthetic must be undertaken, Dr Ross affirms, "just for the satisfaction, the pleasure, the delight of it,” yet he reminds us that in the practice of pure design, the sense of order which we all have, must be educated. “The process," he says- to quote further from his manual, A Theory of Pure Design—"is COMMENT 265 one of experimenting, observing, comparing, judging, arranging and rearranging, taking no end of time and pains to achieve Order, the utmost possible Order, if possible the Beautiful.” To those who forget, as well as to those who remember, that at the age of thirteen, one feels older than one can ever really be, the stability of the work of which we have been speaking could not be other than impressive. None of the themes upon which the designs are based, is far fetched; indeed, the formal unit of the printed designs is in each case, startlingly familiar, yet the result has been personal and distinguished. The circle, the violet, the trefoil, the Parthenon horse, have been used with the utmost exacti- tude—the identity of the unit being revealed only upon analytic study. Tone harmony has been heightened by the accuracy of the printing; the feeling for scale and texture, is sure and consonant with the best examples that one knows, of formal decoration. The monotonous, would-be usualness of the work of children is a byword; one cannot but abandon caution, however, in this com- posite, yet strangely homogeneous exhibition. One is conscious of the unstrained-for esprit, the energy, and the fertility of these designs, the manner of which is controlled and by no means unin- tentional or grotesquely entertaining. Again, to quote Dr Ross, “important work comes only from important people,” yet "it con- stantly happens that in pleasing ourselves, we please others.” The House in the High Wood, Summer, Adventure, Excitement, Anger, Hurry, Happiness, The Sea—these themes so evidently productive of emotion in the designer, are in their varied interpretations, most imaginative. It is poetically right that ducks should, in their progress toward the water, hurry; that happiness should be sym- bolized by flowers, red and blue; that excitement should be symbol- ized by a purple shark with orange eyes, in pursuit of purple fish with orange eyes, between blue rocks, through crimson water. The tendency to multiply detail is instinctive. There is in this work, however, a sense of simplifying rather than of complication, of restraint rather than of "decoration.” It is evident that “addi- tions are, as a rule, to be avoided.” The force of omission is espe- cially felt in the design entitled The Sea—a composition, the few lines and flat tones of which, consummately suggest, wind, weight, and violence. The adjusting of form, tone, and sentiment, is per- 266 COMMENT haps even more experienced in the composition called Anger; jagged bayonets of yellow, green, black, red, and blue, having been so used that the effect of descending force prevents all sense of counter-movement. In these diverse designs by children of varied association as of nationality, unanimity of accomplishment is proof that imagination gains rather than loses by guidance and one is assured that the creating of beauty is, like the appreciating of beauty, in part the result of instruction. THE DIAL New DODD, MEAD Books Selected Works of ANATOLE FRANCE GLORIOUS APOLLO By E. BARRINGTON Author of "The Divine Lady," etc. New titles for 1925 MOTHER OF PEARL MY FRIEND's Book CRAINQUEBILLE THE BRIDE OF CORINTH PIERRE NOZIÈRE In Handy Volume Size, 4} * 7. Master Edition, genuine limp leather with gold stamping, per vol., $2.50. Tours Edition, cloth with gold stamp- ing, per volume, $1.75. The amazing career of the poet Byron, whose genius and unearthly beauty, coupled with his strange passions and cruelties, form a tale "more couching, more exciting, more thrilling than any- one could ever invent."—Chicago Tribune. Fourth large printing. Uniform with •*The Divine Lady." $2.50 THE GREAT PANDOLFO MASTERS OF MODERN ART By WILLIAM J. LOCKE Author of "The Beloved Vagabond," etc. Locke has drawn his most romantic character in The Great Pandolfo, a genius in love with a beautiful but unmanageable lady, in an irresist. ible novel packed with unusual situations and handled with the author's characteristic whimsy and charm. $2.00 New Titles for 1925 MANET By J. E. BLANCHB PISSARRO By A. TABARANT Each volume in this popular series on notable artists was written by an authority. A sound introduc- tion to each artist's work, with biographical sketch, critical esti- mates, bibliography and forty il- lustrations in colotype. Per volume, $1.75 Titles already published RENOIR By FRANÇOIS Fosca GAUGUIN By ROBERT REY CÉZANNE By Tristan KLINGSOR CLAUDE MONET By Camille MAUCLAIR THE RELUCTANT DUCHESS By ALICE DUER MILLER Author of "Manslaughter," etc. Jacqueline was quite willing to marry the Duke, until she learned that the match had been actu- ally planned by her family and his. What she does about it makes a gay and sprightly romance. $1.75 THE JOURNAL OF A JEWISH TRAVELLER By ISRAEL COHEN Author of "Jewish Life in Modern Times," etc. This lively account of the author's visits to the new colonies near Jerusalem and Jewish centers in all parts of the world, forms a complete study of the Jewish racč of today. Illustrated with photo- graphs and maps. $4.00 DODD, MEAD & COMPANY 443 Fourth Avenue New York MADE BY THE HAIOISON CRUTTSMEN AT HAPPON , ., PT-- THE DIAL The Winner of the HARPER PRIZE NOVEL CONTEST for 1925 THE PERENNIAL BACHELOR By Anne PARRISH By the Author of “THE ABLE MCLAUGHLINS" Winner of the 1923 Pulitzer Prize and the Harper Prize Novel Contest for 1922-23 This award and the publication of this book are of great interest to all who are eager to keep abreast of the younger American writers. It is Anne Parrish's third novel and it fulfills the promise of her earlier delightful work. From among the many hundreds of manuscripts received, the judges, Stuart P. Sherman, Henry Seidel Canby and Jesse Lynch Williams, awarded the prize of $2,000.00 to this genuinely distinguished story. “The Perennial Bachelor" is im- portant as a book of the day because it is so essentially American in its fibre. Also because it is that rare thing-a natural, human, moving story so true and so vivid that it comes alive in the reading. Cloth, Post 8vo. $2.00 THE KENWORTHYS By Margaret Wilson Differing from Miss Wilson's first book in that it deals with the urgencies of modern life, “The Kenworthys" is yet written in the same direct, straight- forward manner. Of the brave, tem- pestuous lives of the Kenworthys is fashioned a story of deftly turned hu- mor, of comedy and tragi-comedy, which is a worthy successor to “The Able McLaughlins" and a most dis- tinguished book in its own right. Cloth, Post 8vo. $2.00 AT THE SIGN OF THE GOAT AND COMPASSES By Martin Armstrong Significant in its cool, detached view and written with irony and beauty and strength, this novel of the intensities and tumultuous emotions underlying the tranquil surface of village life is the work of one of the most brilliant young English writers. Cloth, Post 8vo. $2.00 HARPER & BROTHERS ... Publishers Since 1817 . New York See Harper's Magazine for Announcements of the better Schools and Colleges 2 desk SEP 30 1925 THE DIAL OCTOBER 1925 Landscape Oil André Derain Harmony Count Eduard von Keyserling 267 Count Eduard von Keyserling Oil Lovis Corinth A Poem E. E. Cummings 304 Two Drawings E. E. Cummings The Religion of Culture Roger Fry 305 Chanson Banale Scofield Thayer 310 Two Etchings Wilhelm Lehmbruck Unconquered Max Robin 311 A Drawing Pen and Ink Edward Nagle Remote Robert Hillyer 328 Paris Letter Paul Morand 329 Heinrich Mann Oil Willi Geiger German Letter Thomas Mann 333 Book Reviews: A Pagan Chorale Charles K. Trueblood 339 To Be Baroque Henry McBride 342 "Literature, the Noblest of the Arts" Marianne Moore 345 A Mendicant of Sorrow Alyse Gregory 348 Briefer Mention 350 Comment The Editors 354 VOLUME LXXIX NUMBER 4 50 cents a copy THE DIAL Scofield THAYER Editor MARIANNE MOORE Acting Editor NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS A brother of the philosopher, Count Hermann von Keyserling, COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING was born on May 15, 1858 in the province of Kurland and died September 30, 1918- having lived in Vienna, in Kurland, in Italy, and in Munich. AMY WESSELHOEFT VON ERDBERG was born in Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, in March 1876. She now lives in Germany, in which country she has spent the greater part of her life. Max Robin has contributed to The Double Dealer, The Menorah Journal, The Smart Set, S4N, and other publications. He was born in the Ukraine in 1899, and now lives in New York. Willi Geiger, who was born 1878 in Landshut, Bavaria, is an instructor in the Kunstgewerbeschule in Munich. He has studied at the Academy in Munich, later in Rome, in Florence, and in Spain. VOL. LXXIX. No. 4. OCTOBER, 1925. The Dial (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published monthly at Camden, New Jersey, by The Dial Publishing Company, Inc.-J. S. Watson, Jr., President Lincoln MacVeagh, Secretary-Treasurer. Entered as second class matter at Post Office, Camden, N. J. Publication Office, 19th and Federal Streets, Camden, N. J. Editorial and Business Offices at 152 West 13th Street, New York, N. Y. Copyright, 1925, by The Dial Publishing Company, Inc. $5 a year Foreign Postage 60 cents. 50 cents a copy The Dial Collection LANDSCAPE. BY ANDRÉ DERAIN THE UY XXIII ES DIAL OCTOBER 1925 HARMONY BY COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING Translated from the German by Amy Wesselhoeft von Erdberg DROM the station to the manor house it was a five mile drive. T As Felix von Bassenow seated himself in his carriage the sun was setting. He settled back comfortably into the corner of the carriage and pulled the lap-robe up over his knees. The northern spring air seemed a bit sharp after the sunshine down in the south. “But look-look there!” he thought, "there is colour for you, too.” The clouds in Amalfi were not shinier than these, that last evening as he stood on the hotel verandah, and the little English girl beside him kept saying, “Look, look," and turn- ing her peculiar water-green eyes on him as though she meant him to look at her rather than the sky. But it's quieter here, and then this fragrance! Hang it! You hardly dare light a cigar. The carriage was passing through fields. Level, bright green country over which silky blue shadows trailed. Labourers were on their way home from work. Probably they had been sowing barley. One after another the grey figures trooped along, the low sunlight reddening their faces. The women, stolid and bright in their coloured jackets, stopped by the roadside. Shading their eyes with their hands, they looked after the carriage with vacant smiles on their faces. Felix was glad to see all this again. But it was odd—he had only to shut his eyes and it all vanished, and very different pictures crowded in upon him. Fragments of pictures, restless, sharply bright little visions fluttered confusedly back and forth in his mind. 268 HARMONY a CO oy. S Deep blue in intense light and against it massive, unrelenting lines. A red flowering branch against the yellow_satin of a rocky wall. The touch of a woman's body, skin that shimmered with amber lights. The discordant, passionate cry of a camel in the stillness of a clear blue night. When he opened his eyes again the green country with the red evening light reaching out over it, seemed unreal in its cool- ness and silence. He could not help smiling at the way all these different pictures seemed striving to prove themselves realities. The evening light faded. The road now ran through the woods. Darkness lay beneath the big trees. Here and there a white birch tree shone out amidst the black of the pines, and above, the sky grew colourless and glassy. The pale twilight of the spring night sank over the dark tree- tops. It was very restful. And yet in this wood the air seemed too excitingly full of the bitter odours of buds and leaves for the inhabitants to settle down to sleep. A faint rush of wings. The drowsy mating-call of a bird. In the darkness mysterious cracklings and whisperings. High up in the white sky the ghostly laughter of a loon still rang out, and suddenly two owls began to call to each other passionately, plaintively. All this breathed hints of secret desires. The two fair-haired young fellows on the box whose very red ears stuck out under their d laced caps began to whisper and giggle together. Far off behind the wood a man's voice started to sing, a monotonous tune, a long drawn out, lonely calling. Felix sat motionless. Through half-opened lips he drew in deep breaths. Everything exotic, unfamiliar, had vanished. He was at home. At every turn of the road he knew beforehand what was coming, and knew too that he had been longing for this. He was tired of travelling about through the world, a mere vessel for strange impressions, of being crammed with things of beauty which did not greatly concern him, of having only that which everyone else had, never to be the chief person. He wanted work again, responsibility—to give orders-be master again—just a little like God-wanted to startle the big blond young peasants with his great voice. In a clearing of the wood stood the public house. Through the little dingy window panes, a sinister red light squinted out into was COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 269 nom the May night. The tavern-keeper and his wife sat on a bench before the door, their hands flat on their knees. A wild cherry tree bloomed in the garden. Its fragrance was overpowering. The carriage drew up before the inn. The horses were to rest here and the coachman and groom were given beer. This was an ancient prerogative. The innkeeper's wife brought the beer. She stood near the carriage waiting, a young woman large as a man. She was far advanced in pregnancy and laid her hands flat across her great stomach staring at Felix drowsily out of her blue eyes, as though he were merely an object. The host came up. Yellow stubble bristled over his red face- he greeted the young nobleman and gave an account of his affairs. Yes, he had married the daughter of the former innkeeper. The latter was now dead. The mother-in-law was still alive, but of no more use. The soil was poor. Deer injured the crops. What could you do? Felix listened to the creaking voice absent-mindedly as it went on and on, and watched a swing that hung near the inn. On the narrow board stood a girl and a young man, breast to breast, swinging. Ever and again the two slight, black figures flew up into the twilight sky, sinking down again into the darkness, restless, silent. As Felix drove on he tried to keep this picture in his mind. It was soothing and made him a little sleepy, but other thoughts came. Thoughts that had been waiting all the while for their turn. It was in just such spring days that he had begun his young married life. He had always thought of marriage as a pleasant affair, but had never dreamed that it could be so delightfully entertaining. It really was extraordinary always to have this little girl with the slender, thoughtful face beside him, to observe how, though still half a child, she nevertheless contrived to bend life into a shape to suit herself, thrusting aside what did not please her, knowing exactly how she wanted life to be: "No, thank you, not for me.” With that Annemarie put aside everything that was not in perfect harmony with herself. The genuine, last flower of a race convinced that it had the right to enjoy only the cream of life. Nothing for instance could have induced His Excellency, 270 HARMONY Annemarie's father, to drink wine which had the slightest per- ceptible taste of the cork, and he very easily tasted the cork in wine. Of her husband, too, Annemarie demanded the cream. She singled out in him those qualities which appealed to her and the rest she set aside with that slight, almost cruel pursing of the lips that he so dreaded. Heaven knows, he had often enough had to pull himself together for all he was worth, in order to be as she saw him. Between the high fir trees all was dark and solemnly still. In this darkness he saw Annemarie as clearly as in a vision, the little white figure with the sloping shoulders, the slender wrists and ankles, the small, pointed breasts, the skin pale and smooth as the petals of flowers that grow in shady places. Pictures had never particularly interested him. You stand in front of them a moment and that's enough. But in Rome there was one picture to which he often went. It depicted just such a slender little girl sitting on a blue couch. The catalogue said A Danaë. On her fragile limbs was the same cool mother-of- pearl shimmer, and moreover she accepted the passionate devotion of the God with the same superior gesture as though receiving a pretty thing merely her due. This picture always made him think of Annemarie. It was warmer here between the black walls of the fir trees. The air was heavy with spring odours. Felix's lips grew warm, in his blood glowed that same exquisite feeling which always came over him when he took Annemarie in his arms—the feeling of holding something very rare and immensely exciting. But there had been a sudden change. The child, its death, and then the terrible illness. Annemarie crouched on her bed, her eyes wide with fear and listening out into the darkness; she heard things that frightened her—things from which she wanted him to protect her, and he did not know how. Or she sat for hours at a time indifferent to everything else, toying with little bright objects, tiny mother-of-pearl boxes, or penknives—the things could not be white or polished enough to suit her. She was sent to a sana- torium and Felix spent the time travelling. It was perhaps heart- less of him to travel, but he felt that he must get away from this sense of pity which consumed him like a sickness. It is one thing to bear pain yourself, but there is no defending oneself against pity. es C1 COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 271 Now Annemarie was well again. Frau von Malten, her old friend and companion, had written: "She is our sweet angel again. Somewhat fragile and irritable, but how gladly we guard her from anything that could distress her.” The lights of the manor house already shimmered through the trees of the park. The freshly strewn gravel crunched pleasantly beneath the wheels. Over the main doorway of the house hung an illuminated “Welcome,” and in the darkness outside, figures drew together and chanted a choral-hymn. Felix was pleased. A pleasant feeling of being the lord and master tickled his heart. Frau von Malten, in her long, trailing black dress, a black lace scarf around her sharp, sallow face, stood in the white doorway of the dining-room and greeted Felix with her discreet and slightly doleful voice, “Welcome home! God bless you.” Behind her the room was brightly lighted; the gilding shimmered in the white panelling. "And Annemarie?” he asked. "Annemarie is already asleep,” reported the discreet voice. "She is not yet allowed to stay up so late. Oh, yes indeed, she is doing well. Thank Heaven for that.” "Hm-hm-" While he was waiting for dinner to be announced, Felix walked back and forth through the rooms. Everywhere a great deal of light and white lace curtains. The fragrance of hyacinths and narcissus greeted him. On all the tables bowls of spring flowers. And all this stood and waited for him. In a corner by the window something moved. A girl reclining there looked up at him curiously with bright shining eyes. Heavy black hair about a warm, swarthy face that blushed violently. A red dress in which rounded limbs moved as though impatient. “Ah," said Felix, "you are, I suppose, Mila–Mila, Frau von Malten's adopted daughter?" Mila bowed hastily. “Yes, yes I know," Felix continued. "It is you who have the agreeable voice. My wife has written of you. You read aloud to her. Do say something and give me a chance to hear this celebrated voice.” Mila laughed and held the back of her hand before her mouth, as village children do. "Well, well.” Felix continued to pace up and down. It was gratifying to have this girl in the window to observe him. He rubbed his hands cheer- fully and made the inlaid floor creak beneath his elastic step. He 272 HARMONY really felt in a decidedly festive mood. During the meal Frau von Malten sat with him and entertained him. “Naples. Oh, yes! It must be beautiful. That would do Annemarie good. She needs plenty of light. The wainscoting was too dark for her. We had it changed to white. I wrote you about it. Old Heinrich? Oh, he had to be dismissed. His eyes had become inflamed and watered at times. It annoyed Annemarie. Oh, he is quite happy. He lives in the little house beyond the park. You have seen my Mila? Yes, a good child. She has an agreeable voice. She is sometimes a little noisy, and distresses Annemarie. Dear me, one would gladly pad the whole world for her.” Frau von Malten raised her eyebrows slightly and looked at Felix gravely with her dim, grey eyes. Oh, yes, Felix knew from experience that behind the plaintive speeches of the good lady there was always a moral. She regarded Annemarie as a church and herself as the sexton whose business it was to remind everyone that he was in a sacred place. And then the door opened and silently on little white bedroom slippers Annemarie glided into the room. In the long pale blue dressing-gown she looked taller than Felix remembered her. Her long golden brown braids hung down her back. She must have slept, for her eyes had the brightness of eyes just opened after sleep. Felix jumped to his feet very much agitated and a little em- barrassed. "Annemarie," he cried. He heard the tremor of emotion in his voice, and it was agreeable to open his arms pas- sionately. He took the little pale blue figure gently in his arms. Annemarie bent her head back and allowed him to kiss her on the lips. “Malten wanted to keep me out,” she said and leaned lightly against his arm. "I'm supposed to be asleep, but I heard your voice. It's a long time since we've heard a lord-and-master voice in this house." Frau von Malten put her head on one side and smiled, giving the narrow line of her lips a slight twist. “Now you must eat, you poor dear,” said Annemarie. Felix sat down and ate. Annemarie rested her elbows on the table and her head on her hands and watched him. Felix felt the attentive glance of her blue eyes passing slowly over him. She looked at his hair, his eyebrows, his lips. COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 273 en “Oh, you wear your beard cut pointed,” she remarked. "Yes, do you like it?” “Yes. It's very nice. And the same lovely long eyelashes." He blinked a little in order to feel the long lashes. Then he began to speak of indifferent matters, of trains and difficulties with baggage, of wily cabmen. He hardly listened to himself. The wine imparted a pleasant feeling of warmth to his limbs, which were somewhat heavy with fatigue. He felt inclined to be demon- strative, seized Annemarie's hand, lying cool and patient, in his own; he bent down to draw in the perfume of the golden brown hair, which had the fine, fresh fragrance of flowers growing under pine trees. “And you,” he said, “tell about yourself.” Instantly Anne- marie's eyelids drooped and her eyes became fixed like children's when they are sleepy. “I? Oh, I'm very well. But go on and tell about these bright things, railroad trains and baggage and people. I can see all that as if it were way, way off, and I like to have it so far away.” Felix laughed: “Yes, it is nice and-and”—he wanted to say something poetical "and to have the aquamarine eyes so near.” "Aquamarine ?” asked Annemarie. "Yes. With little gold lights in them.” “Oh, yes, that is very sweet.” Annemarie brought the conversation to a close. “Let's go to bed. I will go with you to your room.” At the door of his room he took Annemarie in his arms. “Now,” he said, “we are going to be very happy.” And there was really something warm and ardent in his tone. "Oh, yes. Of course we are going to be very happy,” Anne- marie answered. “Good-night-dear.” Felix lay awake awhile after getting to bed. He had imagined that they would be more excited, more moved at being together again. Nevertheless he had a festive, cozy feeling. At home, after all, you were quite a different person from abroad. It was as if he had crawled into just such a lovely mother-of-pearl shell as Annemarie liked. To be sure one sometimes lapsed into vulgarity or triviality when travelling or at the club—but he really belonged here. He could tell that by the pleasant, clean thoughts that gently lulled him as he stretched himself out between the lavender- scented sheets. 274 HARMONY He could still hear soft foot-falls through the house. The servants were putting out the lights. In the corridor the train of a dress rustled and Frau von Malten whispered to someone. At last all was quite still. Outside a heavy spring rain was falling. Its rustling passed into Felix's dreams and filled them with a white shining downpour, that had the cool fragrance of wild flowers grow- ing under pine trees. The next morning before leaving his room Felix went to the window and looked out. The garden was all damp and shiny in bright yellow sunshine. In the rich earth of the flowerbeds stood bright yellow crocuses and thick blue hyacinths. A slight breeze brought him the odour of the wet earth and of moist buds. Women's voices could be heard. Annemarie on Frau von Malten's arm, hatless under a blue sunshade, came down the garden path. They stopped at the different flowerbeds, bent low over the flowers, spoke or laughed occasionally, as though some flower had been amusing. The old gardener approached them. Annemarie called to him, raising her clear, well-rested voice. “Good morning, gardener. Was there a frost last night?" The gardener mumbled something in his beard about roses and mice. It was a long time since Felix had thought of such things as roses and mice, but now it seemed pleasant and fitting that these things should be considered. At breakfast Annemarie remarked meditatively: "You'll spend the morning in your big grey felt hat and high boots looking after the farm, won't you? When you pass the window, raise your voice. You might even scold someone. It will be so nice to hear you. And then you will join us—” Gravely she assigned him his place in the scheme of her life. “Later Papa and Uncle Thilo will come—and then—". "The curate was to come to dinner to-day," announced Frau von Malten softly. “Oh, no, Annemarie did not want him; curates have moist hands and cuffs that button on.” Felix laughed loudly at this. “It is really horrid of me to ask, but do you always laugh that way now?" “Why, hang it! Just as I happen to feel,” answered Felix, annoyed. Annemarie laughed, the laughter that passes blithely over a COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 275 face without disturbing its classic serenity of line. “Of course, you can laugh here any way you like. I merely asked. But the curate is not to come. To-day we shall have crawfish soup, moor-cock, and pan d'ananas, and we shall drink champagne. Later, in the blue room, in the twilight you will tell about foreign countries. The nightingale will sing, we shall open the windows and listen. That is my plan for to-day.” Frau von Malten stopped in her adjustment of the flowers and listened attentively, as though receiving so many orders for game, champagne, twilight, and a nightingale. Felix put on his grey felt hat, drew on his boots, and went out to the farmyard. There he planted himself, slashed the puddles with his cane, and looked back at the house. It stood out very white in the noonday light with its somewhat pretentious gable. The rows of windows glittered. He saw Frau von Malten passing from window to window drawing the white curtains. Yes, that's the way it always was. Living with Annemarie meant living apart in quite another world—a world made especially for her; and Frau von Malten was always there to draw the curtains between it and the outside world. Well, he for his part was proud to belong to that especial world behind the curtains. He had always had leanings towards that. The Bassenows, to be sure, had preferred the plain country gentleman style. But his mother being a Raafs-Pelschock had often had differences with his father because nothing was ever quite distinguished and elegant enough to suit her taste. For this very reason he had promptly fallen in love with Anne- marie. The Elmts were such a very distinguished family that they were almost unfit for life. In fact they really were on the point of dying out. Uncle Thilo gave up marrying in order to be the last Count of Elmt. It is very distinguished to die out. It seemed to Felix that at this hour he was quite justified in taking the Bassenow in himself out for an airing. Later would come the pleasant day which Annemarie had arranged—for the Raafs-Pelschock. Pitke, the old overseer of the estate, approached. His nose shone out very red between the white wisps of his hair. Felix was in high spirits. "Hello, Pitke, old fellow! We're getting greyer every day! Oh, well, we're none of us growing younger.” ma S 276 HARMONY Sc They went along to the stables. The cow-barns were full of the warm steam of the big quiet animals. The yellow straw piled about took on a metallic glint in the sunlight. The great jaws could be heard munching and chewing as the milk streamed into the milk-pails. For it was milking time. Beside the cows squatted the mildmaids, heavy and hot like the cows, and grasping the swell- ing udders with strong, broad hands. “There are aristocrats for you,” said Pitke, pointing to the Cows— eating their heads off and expecting to be waited on.” The heavy air of the cow-barns laid hold of Felix, warm and enervating as it was with the milk, the cattle, and the human beings. How quiet it was here! You almost wished that you could stand stolidly and stare out on the world with large in- different eyes chewing cud like the cows. As the girls passed Felix with their full milk pails and swaying breasts he remarked, “There are thoroughbreds for you, too." “Slatterns!” said Pitke, “they're that lazy it's no wonder they grow fat." But Felix liked them nevertheless. Strange! In the midst of all this latent strength he felt how strong he was himself. He was conscious of the breadth of his chest and of the tenseness of his muscles. When they came out again into the sunlight Felix stamped more heavily through the puddles with his legs further apart. He felt the weight of his body. Pitke spoke of the fields and pointed toward their green surfaces. “Damn you, Mischka! You Polish devil!” Not far from them a stocky black fellow was drawing a wagon loaded with tiles over the wet road. One of the wheels was stuck in a deep rut. The horses tried in vain to get it started. In a blind rage the fellow was flogging the animals with the stock of his whip. Felix felt the blood run hot through his veins. The next moment he was beside the fellow, seized him, held him in the air, shook him. It was a positive pleasure to shake this heavy body, to feel its vain efforts to free itself. Then he let go. “Go and get help!” he said, "Go!” he shouted at him. Pitke laughed. “That's the way! He's found out who's his master.” Felix laughed, flattered. He rubbed his hands. His fingers still COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 277 felt the rough cloth of the coat and the rock-hard muscles of the man. At lunch Felix gave a full account of the Mischka incident, a vivid, lively account. “I seized hold of him and held him like this.” Suddenly he broke off. His story was apparently not making the desired impresssion. Annemarie bent over her plate and remarked, “Did you have to do that yourself? Couldn't Pitke - ?" At the same time she looked at his hands as though at that moment they were not altogether agreeable to her. Felix shrugged his shoulders in annoyance. “Deuce take it, I like to do it myself sometimes.” "Oh, of course that is quite another matter," Annemarie ad- mitted politely. “It must, of course, be a strange feeling to be so strong. You sit there quietly and all of a sudden it occurs to you: my arm is very strong, and then you have to lift something, a table or a man or something. Thilo says that some people look as though they were thinking only of their beautiful beards, but some look as though they were only thinking of their muscles, don't they?" Felix was not inclined to take up this last remark. He said sarcastically: “Thilo—Oh, he has nothing else in the world to do but talk.” Annemarie's colour rose. “Why, what do you mean? He is a member of the Diet.” "Well, people only go into politics anyway in order to talk.” An embarrassed silence followed, until Frau von Malten re- marked that the barouche of the Countess Prosek had been seen to pass by the park that morning. Could the Countess herself have been in the carriage? And where was she likely to be going? The question was left undecided. Lunch was soon over. "You know,” said Annemarie to Felix, “that you'll have to dance now?" “Dance?" Yes, the doctor had ordered her to take exercise and therefore she was accustomed to dance every day for a while with Mila. Frau von Malten played for them. But now they had a gentleman. "Mila, fetch our fans and we shall sit in the ballroom.” The ball- room was full of sunshine. The light broke into colours on the ce 278 HARMONY prisms of the great crystal chandelier and strewed little broken rainbows along the wall. Annemarie and Mila sat in the yellow satin arm-chairs bathed in golden light. Felix danced first with Annemarie. It was de- lightful to feel how the music took possession of her, how her whole being swayed to the rhythm, and how even her quickened breath and the rise and fall of her bosom seemed moving in waltz time. Then it was Mila's turn. She danced a little heavily; but once in motion it was hard to stop her. "Le dos, Mila, tenez vous droite," cried Frau von Malten from the piano. But who could hope to regulate these untamed limbs? Later in his room Felix sat idly listening to the sparrows. He had intended to look through the farm accounts, but now it seemed a matter of indifference how much milk the cows gave. To be active and do things—anybody could do that and could spend a whole day at it. But sitting still and thinking of bright, lovely things—that is culture. The evening light lay like reddish dust over the tree tops of the park. Starlings kept up an excited calling. It was strangely warm for this time of year. The glass doors of the drawing-room stood open. They were all walking up and down on the verandah waiting for dinner to be announced. The ladies were charmingly attired. Annemarie wore a light silk, of a pale tea rose colour, with a crim- son rose in her belt. Mila was in white with a wide lace collar such as children wear. Felix leaned against the railing. “Do go on walking,” he said, “do. You've no idea how charming that looks." They walked slowly up and down before him. "It's not hard to be attractive to-day, is it, Mila?” Annemarie remarked. “To-day there is something festive in the air. I can always tell just by drawing a long breath whether a day is festive or not.” In the distance home-faring labourers sang. Annemarie stopped to listen. “Now they are happy too.” She said it with a slight impatience in her voice as though contradicting someone. “Why shouldn't they be ?” replied Felix absently. “There, I knew it. Come, let's go in to dinner.” Frau von Malten in her black satin dress served the soup decorously. vera vera COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 279 mo "Really, Frau von Malten knows how to make every meal a festive occasion,” remarked Felix politely. “Malten, oh, yes indeed,” Annemarie agreed, “and it's really necessary too. Eating is so easily a bore or worse. I love to hear Malten speak of the housekeeping. She never mentions anything disagreeable like stealing and that sort of thing. I think Mozart must have spoken of his compositions in just the way Malten speaks of her household.” "Really,” said Felix as he lifted a morsel of crawfish on his fork and made eyes at it. “There are perhaps some people who are not so easily bored when it comes to eating, as are some others. Annemarie had finished and leaned back contentedly. “Oh, yes! The poor people who have very little to eat. Of course! I know that. But otherwise—as a child, when my mother and father were out and Mrs Flemmers, the English housekeeper, was in authority, she used to like to order spiced beef and pickles. That tastes well enough, but it's depressing. To this day spiced beef and pickles always make me melancholy.” After the champagne the ladies had bright spots on their cheeks and laughed at the slightest provocation. It was easy enough for Felix to be witty to-day. In the blue drawing-room a small open fire was burning. There were big arm-chairs in which to take one's ease. "Malten has been reading aloud to us in the evening from the Kreuzzeitung. It's always very interesting, as she knows all the family connexions when we read the social items," Annemarie chattered on thus a little sleepily. “Oh, darling, do get yourself elected to the Diet. When Malten reads the accounts of Uncle Thilo's speeches and it says, 'Laughter among the radicals, she always says, quite angrily: 'Ils rient, ils ne savent pas de quoi.'” Frau von Malten announced: “The nightingale has begun.” In the adjoining room the window was opened, the butler was admonished to be very quiet, and all listened. Annemarie lay motionless in her chair, her hands folded in her lap. Mila shut her eyes and opened her moist lips, as though she were dreaming of something exciting. What a passionate night- ingale this one was! When its voice rose as though the little heart were over-full the notes were almost harsh, and then again they 280 HARMONY were sweet, appealing. Felix stretched himself in his chair, in the full enjoyment of his emotion. He had hardly believed him- self capable of so much feeling. Mila opened her eyes and said fiercely, “I see her.” All were now eager to see the dark spot in the lilac bush. The garden was white with moonlight. marie insisted that she must go out. Wraps were sent for. When Annemarie wanted to do anything it always had to be done very quickly. There was an eager haste as though she feared that some- thing unforeseen might come between. She took Felix's arm and they walked along the garden path. The night was unusually warm. Over the meadows rose a wall of clouds in which there was a constant play of lightning. “Our first thunder-storm,” Felix remarked. Yes, Annemarie felt a slight feverishness-golden flashes in her veins like those in the clouds. Ah! she threw her head back and drew in a deep breath. “To-morrow all the trees will be in full bloom, all snow-white." “And you love that, don't you, dear?” asked Felix. He felt a tenderness growing in him, till like compassion it was almost pain. “Yes, it does me no end of good. This has been a delightful day. I was really dreading it.” "Dreading me?” “Perhaps you too a little. One never knows. Suddenly something comes it's there and you simply don't want to live any more!” Annemarie laughed quietly to herself. “It is curious to look right in among the stars. It makes you dizzy. I can see how they hang there and swing. It makes me thirsty too. I should like to drink it. Wouldn't it be delicious if there really were such a drink? Blue and gold and cool. I shall ask Malten, she knows every sort of a recipe.” Felix bent over the face that looked up to the stars and kissed it. Behind the Barberry hedge over toward the farm-hands' quarters a girl's laugh rang out. A man's followed. Annemarie shuddered. "The stablemen and the milkmaids," Felix explained. “They enjoy a night like this as much as we do. It excites them too.” "Too?" Annemarie drew herself up. “Oh, yes, of course, they have their own customs. Shall we go farther into the park, it will be quieter there?” In the park the net of shadows thrown over the moonlit paths grew denser. The pond slept smooth and silent. Moonlight swam OIICS COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 281 n on the black water like golden oil. “There must be violets here, don't you smell them?” asked Annemarie. “Yes,” said Felix, although he smelt nothing. A whisper ran through the foliage and a sudden gust of wind lashed the tree- tops. Felix gave Annemarie his arm and ran with her toward the house. The storm. Annemarie lay quite still-only once she spoke: “That's so good.” When later Felix passed through the quiet, dark house to Anne- marie, he found her in the white chamber sitting on her bed under a white hanging lamp. She herself was all white, only her eyes seemed almost black in the whiteness and looked out at him quiet and thoughtful. “Danaë," he thought. Then he wondered if he looked ridiculous to her in his white flannel pajamas with his yellow Turkish slippers. It was ten o'clock at night. The others had gone to bed earlier. Felix went back to his room, threw the window open, and whistled a melancholy tune out into the moonlight. "It's all pretty, very pretty, but the devil take it,” he muttered. “It's like living in a glass case!" Always the same thing! This evening he had been in the best of spirits, had teased Mila, told anecdotes, felt cozy, and let himself go a little until he observed that Frau von Malten was looking resignedly into her lap and Annemarie wore her bored, contemptuous expression. What it was they did not like about him he could not for the life of him see. They broke up earlier than usual and he felt out of sorts. Everything, everyone, hereabouts had nerves, the people, the fur- niture, the flowers. He himself was developing nerves. Was it. really conceivable that he should be sitting here now thinking of his own wife with the same feelings that he had when as a love-sick boy he used to climb out of the window, slip into the dark garden, and crouch under the plum trees, eating the cold, dewy plums? This was unnatural—-unbelievable, and must be changed. He shut the window angrily. When Felix came home in the evening from snipe shooting, he found his father-in-law and Uncle Thilo there. The stout old gentleman, His Excellency, with pink face and curled brown wig, greeted him as though he had seen him the day before. Thilo Was 282 HARMONY women n a V was formal as usual. He looked superb with his classic profile and silky blond beard. Leaning back in his arm-chair, he dropped his heavy eyelids and in a low voice related a story to Annemarie. Annemarie listened very attentively, her cheeks had a heightened colour. The room smelt of delicate perfume and English cigarettes. At table His Excellency told anecdotes of Bismarck that every- one already knew. Thilo talked with Frau von Malten about a Malten who had been ambassador at Bukarest. After dinner the ladies left the dining-room and the gentlemen drank very old port wine. They always followed this English custom when Thilo was there. His Excellency began to talk of women in a very low voice. “One should make distinctions. There were three dancers: Pepita, Petitpas, and Petitita. I used to know all three. Petitpas was particularly fond of shell fish. She said these creatures gave a particular transparent quality to the skin. When you went to her you were expected to take her soft-shell crabs." Thilo stroked his whiskers meditatively. “Dancers," he re- marked, "are all very well on the stage, or when they're tying their shoes behind the scenes, or practising. Pretty bits of flesh at work, but when that sort of thing begins to eat or talk—no." Felix now related his experiences with dancers, but his tales did not interest Thilo, who rose and joined the ladies. When later Felix and his father-in-law followed, Thilo was already seated between Annemarie and Frau von Malten, and was telling them stories in his low, singing voice. The two ladies hung on his words, wholly absorbed. They looked up as the gentlemen entered with an expression as though they had been disturbed at prayer. His Excellency laid his cards for a game of patience. Felix seated himself somewhat apart. He felt distinctly irritated. "Well, and how about your trip?'' Thilo asked him. “Oh, very agreeable.” Felix launched forth on his own account. "Just at this time a year ago in Capri. Full moon on the one side, Vesuvius on the other with a huge plume of flame waving from it, the sea, Naples with its lights—marvellous!" "Capri,” said Thilo, “is like a box at the theatre. What we see from there never seems real.” "Very good,” whispered Frau von Malten. "I prefer Amalfi, myself,” Felix continued. He did not intend to allow any one to wrest his narrative from him. ON . RE O ' COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING. BY LOVIS CORINTH sire COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 283 "You ought to take your wife to Amalfi,” Thilo interrupted him. “As I sat on the hotel terrace there-Annemarie was just what was lacking. She belongs there, that is her proper back- ground, the blue silk sea-and-well—” "Only on account of the background?” asked Felix sneeringly. “Why not?" said Thilo. “If you buy your wife a beautiful gown you might as well take a trip to give her the proper back- ground. I really missed you there very much,” he said turning to Annemarie, who fushed slightly. "There are women enough there," Felix muttered half audibly, perfectly aware that he was being rude. Thilo raised his eyebrows. "Right you are! When I saw those women about I thought to myself, they are indeed a bit too bold when they exhibit them- selves here!" Felix lay back in his chair and pulled at his cigar. All right, if Thilo really knew it all, then good, he could do the talking. Frau von Malten announced that the nightingale had begun and all settled back to listen. His Excellency clapped his hands from time to time and said, “Brava—brava!" “A remarkable nightingale,” Thilo declared. “She sings as though she had a past.” "Matrimonial troubles," tittered His Excellency. Felix laughed so loud and suddenly that they all turned toward him. “I think,” he said, “that it is lucky we don't have to perch in the lilac bushes after matrimonial troubles and sing all night long.” The only one who really laughed heartily at this was Mila. “There is something very moving to me about it,” Annemarie said. “She sings as though she were afraid of something that might happen—something that might happen when all was silent and dark and she alone." "Shall we go out and bear her company ?" asked His Excellency. Felix laughed ironically. “Oh, we are so tender-hearted here that we shall soon be hanging a night lamp beside each bird's nest, lest the birds should be afraid of the dark.” After the others had withdrawn, Felix and Thilo sat for a while smoking together. They had not much to say to each other. “You must be glad to be at home again,” Thilo remarked. “Yes—Oh, certainly.” He was suddenly moved to go on. He 284 HARMONY wanted to talk to this man whom they all so much admired, whom all considered infallible, wanted to talk about himself. “Although,” he went on hesitatingly, "when your life has once been so completely upset, it doesn't easily return to its simple matter-of-courseness.” Thilo threw his cigarette into the fire and stood up. “Matter-of-courseness ?” he repeated. "No, hardly. And why should it? Good-night.” “Disagreeable old croaker,” Felix muttered after him. To Felix it seemed as though he were becoming further and further removed from the intimate life of his home. When he came in from out-of-doors he found the others enjoying themselves. Annemarie played piano duets with her father, or he found them all sitting on the verandah continuing a conversation of which he had not heard the beginning, and laughing over jokes made when he was not there. In the morning Annemarie and Thilo always read Dante together in the blue room. When he came in they stopped reading and he was asked about the farm, about the weather. Annemarie was amiable as we are when we are happy. “Why are you not with us, dear? Oh, of course, the stupid farm!” she said absently. The meal times came and went, the patiences, the nightingale. Felix hardly opened his mouth. What was the use of saying anything when Thilo was sure to interrupt him with something that the others thought very much better. When he was out on his rounds inspecting the farm, he felt himself constantly drawn toward the gate of the flower garden. He saw Annemarie and Thilo walking along the paths, stopping before the flowers. Thilo talked, Annemarie raised her face to look at him. They laughed together. Felix tried to get nearer, to hear what they were saying. He stood behind bushes, aston- ished that he should be capable of such a thing. Annemarie stood under blossoming fruit trees, that arched themselves like alabaster domes above her. She smiled light-heartedly, swaying slightly as though intoxicated by all the whiteness. "Now it's coming!” cried Thilo. It was the wind that came. It rushed into the white tree tops. The petals fell in showers about Anne- marie. She lifted her head and gave a little cry. The petals fell onto her face, into her hair. Thilo stood near, his beard full COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 285 of cherry blossoms. Lifting his heavy eyelids he looked at the picture before him in dreamy contentment. He had invented this game and called it flower baths that he had ordered for Annemarie. Felix turned away and went out into the fields. He sat down on the grass by the edge of the path. In front of him an old man was ploughing a bean field with an old horse. Shining and heavy the glebe turned over. Wearily, lazily, the horse and man went up and down, up and down. The countryside lay silent under the midday sun. In the middle of the field stood a willow tree covered with yellow and white tufts, fragrant with the scent of warm honey. The tree was full of bees, and seemed singing sleepily to itself. Felix felt miserable. He felt miserable all over, in his head, his heart, in his throat. He could not bear to think. What funny faces they'd all make at home if they knew that he was sitting here and-and-was jealous. His father-in-law would chuckle silently. Thilo would raise his eyebrows as though to say, “This sort of thing is beneath my notice.” And Annemarie? Oh, there was no question of her attitude. He would just like to strike a note in this lovely smooth life they were all leading, so loud that they would all have to sit up and listen. VSC “We must make the most of all these rural joys,” said His Excellency. “We have had the nightingale, and milk warm from the cow. The next thing to look forward to is snipe-shooting and wet feet.” Seated on the long Bankdroschke the hunting party drove through the wood. The sun shone red through the spruce trees. The wood was like a quiet twilight room in which there has been smoking. They stopped at a little swamp. Last year's grass stood here, bristled yellow between the black pools that lay under the crippled pines and little milk-white birches. They had to jump carefully from one hummock to another. Felix placed the different members of the party. His Excellency stayed with Frau von Malten, Annemarie with Thilo, and Mila with Felix. With hands thrust deep into her coat pockets, a white sport hat on her head and her feet rather far apart, Mila stood looking up into the sky waiting for the snipe. She looked 286 HARMONY like a pretty, impetuous boy. She thrust her lower jaw out fiercely. "If they talk so loud over there,” she remarked, "the snipe will fly higher.” Nearby Thilo and Annemarie were talking and laughing. Felix shrugged his shoulders, but he listened intently in their direction. The sky grew rose-coloured. The birds all around set up a lively twittering. Everyone seemed excited by the red light. The dogs at the neighbouring farms began to bark. Not the melancholy barking of night hours, but a cheerful talkative barking. The boys and girls tending sheep yelled at the top of their lungs. Then—all was silent. “It's coming,” Mila announced. From the wood came the plaintive, oily notes. The snipe flew very black against the pale sky over the top of a birch tree. Felix's shot brought it down. From afar off a second note. Felix turned toward it. When he had fired his shot and was about to reload he saw Mila holding the wounded snipe in her hand. Thrusting the broad fingers of the other hand under its wings, she pressed its breast together, quiet and attentive. The little snipe's face with its bead-like eyes and long bill looked on unchanged, almost contented. Gradually the eyes closed and the head drooped with a weary, hopeless movement. "What are you doing?" asked Felix. “That's the way it should be done,” Mila replied, threw the dead bird aside, thrust her hands into her pockets again, and looked up, alert as a pointer. Felix looked at the girl. Damned hot blood, he thought. And no trouble about understanding her either. Mila noticed that his eyes rested on her. She threw him a quick gleaming look, showing her brilliant white teeth in a short laugh. “Here comes another," she announced. It was already growing dark. The party broke up. Mist flowed over the swamp. Crickets set up their monotonous tinkling beside the black water. In the top of the birch tree swung a bit of moon. “Come,” said Felix. He gave Annemarie his arm and led her over the swamp. Annemarie was much elated. "It is too sweet,” she said, “the way they all go to bed here COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 287 in the white mist! And the little creatures that sing by the waters!” “You did a lot of laughing." Felix remarked. “Oh, yes! Thilo really was delicious!" answered Annemarie. They drove home through the wood as though between high black walls. Mila sat next to Felix and pressed her round shoulder well against his arm. "Shameless hussy," he thought. But at least here was someone who was not always waiting for Thilo's next brilliant remark. So he did not withdraw his shoulder. Thilo's soft voice, so entirely in harmony with the spring night, began: "A strange death, this of the snipe! Flying to a rendezvous through a rosy sky, a shot and there's the end of it all.” "Oh, death isn't so bad,” Annemarie's quiet musing voice answered into the darkness. “Curtains that are tightly drawn- so much is certain, and perhaps—" His Excellency tittered. This turn of the conversation was altogether too solemn for him. “The young snipe bridegroom would probably prefer to be shot on his way back from the rendezvous—" "Why that?” asked Thilo. "Perhaps he is thus spared a disap- pointment. The lady is not always sitting and waiting." “Very pretty,” declared Frau von Malten. The conversation died out. Each sat dreaming out into the scented darkness. wn Felix wanted to go to town. There was a horse-fair on and this meant a chance to discuss the elections. "You are quite right,” said his father-in-law, “it is a wholesome thing to hobnob with one's brother barons over protective tariff for grain.” Felix looked forward to this expedition. It had been raining. Now the sun came out. The market place was wet and shiny and the horses shone as though freshly varnished. Everywhere Felix met people he knew. “The devil! You back again, Bas- senow!” “Ha, Bassenow, the deserter! Well, we've got you hard and fast now!” It was pleasant to slap the silken flanks of the horses, to look into their mouths, to jerk their tails and twit the Jewish vendors. Later there was lunch at the Crown Prince Inn. Politics were loudly discussed, there was much pounding on wer e was n 288 HARMONY the table and one grew heated in smart controversy. After the older men had gone the younger ones remained for champagne. Their cigars between their teeth, elbows on the table, they talked about women, talked very freely and laughed very loud. Felix told tales of his travels, very broad stories which staggered even Pankow who in this field had always regarded himself as the gayest dog of the crowd. But when they were sitting down to jeu it was time for Felix to start for home. Taking the reins himself he urged the horses forward. The champagne had gone to his head. He had drunk a great deal and hastily, and was still chuckling to himself over the stories he had told. He felt merry and light-hearted. Life seemed a simple and wholly satisfactory matter. Arrived at home he took a cold shower-bath. He wondered if he had been quite natural as he got out of the carriage and greeted the family. "Well—what did it matter anyway!” During dinner he was in high spirits, told stories, laughed - quite naturally and at his ease, only somehow the others didn't seem to him to be quite so natural. They agreed with everything that he said so readily and answered so soothingly that they seemed to want to accentuate the fact that there was nothing in the least unusual in his behaviour. Annemarie pushed her plate from her. Her lips twitched contemptuously. She exchanged furtive glances with Frau von Malten. When he ceased speaking the others talked of commonplace matters which did not seem to interest them. One of the men-servants dropped a dish of pre- serves. Felix sprang to his feet, very red in the face. “What do you mean?” he cried. “Have you been drinking ?” and he snapped his table napkin in the air like a whip. Frau von Malten signed to the servant to withdraw. “What a fellow!” said Felix and sat down again. "A bit awkward yet,” whispered Frau von Malten. A pause followed which Frau von Malten finally broke with the news that her sister had written that it was raining in Mecklen- burg. Then His Excellency began a familiar tale of a Polish count who lost all his money at cards and then staked his ear and after he won that still went on playing. “How dreadful,” said Frau von Malten. Mila laughed so extravagantly that it was plain that she was not laughing at the tale of the Polish count, but with pent up mirth. COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 289 “Unheard of! Just to throw a dish down!” Felix heard him- self say. He knew that this was ridiculous, but it just slipped out by itself. Nobody answered. Annemarie bit her lip. Her face wore an expression as though she were enduring physical pain, and she made the move to leave the table. Around the fire in the blue drawing-room things were no better. The conversation passed quietly over Felix's head as though he were a patient and the others were saying things calculated not to excite him. Annemarie was pale and silent, the cool, proud expression on her face which said “Oh, no—thank you—not for me.” The air too seemed hot and oppressive, and the odour of Thilo's English cigarettes got on Felix's nerves. He sat there thinking up some excuse for leaving the room. At last he rose to his feet. “I wonder if it is still raining,” he remarked casually. “Oh, I wonder-really,” said Frau von Malten. “I'll take a look”-and with that he strolled out. The night was clear and starry. The narcissus beds gleamed white in the moonlight. The nightingale was singing away. Some- one stood in front of the lilac bush, a black figure that stooped down, picked something up, and threw it at the bush. The night- ingale stopped her song and flew off on hasty wings into the darkness. The figure turned away and walked down the garden path. That was Mila's long stride, the careless swing of the hips in which she indulged whenever Frau von Malten was not looking. What was she up to? Felix followed. At the top of a bank she stopped, lay down flat on the grass, and rolled down the slope. At the same time she emitted little high shrill cries like the whistling of a bat.–Arrived at the bottom she got up and ran up the bank again. Felix walked to meet her. "Are you going to roll down again ?” he asked. Mila stopped breathless, her teeth glistened in the starlight. “Yes,” she said. "Is it fun?" “Yes, it just does you good, and in there ..." "It's suffocating—” Felix suggested. “It feels as if ants were running all over your legs when you have to sit still so long ” Mila ventured. "I should like to roll down myself,” said Felix meditatively. "You”-Mila held the back of her hand to her mouth and laughed. Vas 20 290 HARMONY “Come,” said Felix. Mila walked obediently beside him. “Do you often come here to roll?” he asked. Mila swung her arms as she walked as though she could not get exercise enough. "Often? Oh, no, I can't get off very often. But to-night the old lady is going to sleep downstairs with her.” She talks as though we understood each other pretty well- Felix thought-like two servants when the family is out. "And the nightingale, what had she done to you?” he asked. "She? Oh, I can't bear her, and this everlasting sitting still to listen to her.” They turned into the great chestnut avenue. Here it was quite dark. Felix stopped, seized the girl's arm quickly and firmly and pressed it to him. Mila's breath came faster and louder, but she permitted herself to be clasped, indeed she ducked almost like a wild fowl. They sat down on the grass together. Felix drew the girl to him with a fierce desire, as though he wanted her to pay the penalty—that he could be so—10—. DIV . e One evening before the fire His Excellency said: “Well, Thilo so you are not going with me to-morrow?" Thilo stroked his beard ever so lightly. “No-Annemarie has asked me to prolong my stay a little. If you really want me to stay—” "Oh, yes,” cried Annemarie and Frau von Malten in one breath. "We should be very glad”-murmured Felix, but a great bitter- ness welled up in him. Why did he want to stay? Felix turned his head away. He knew that he was making a queer face. But no one noticed him except Mila who looked at him with her bright eyes. The girl had begun to give him such hungry looks that it embarrassed him. He pulled himself together. He wanted to make some commonplace remark. "I saw Pankow to-day,” he finally said. “He drove past the park.” “Really,” said His Excellency. “What did he have to say?" Felix laughed, “Oh, got off a lot of his mad tales, of course. He's a nice chap. He said he'd be in to see us soon.” "Oh, he,” said Annemarie, bored. “I can't bear him. His stories are endless and not always quite proper either and he always has to laugh so loud at them himself.” COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 291 S as as “Yes,” said Thilo, “people like that who sit in their stories as if they were in a warm bath they don't want to get out of, are immeasurably tiresome.” Felix grew angry. "Pankow's a good fellow. I'd like to know who there is, anyway, to come to us? It's as if we lived in an enchanted castle. This one must not be allowed to come to the house because he wears cuffs that button on, that one because his stories are too long. Herman may not wait on table because his eyes are red. Before we know it everyone who crosses our threshold will be supposed first to pass an examination in aesthetics. It's absurd! Pankow's my friend and shall come here if he likes.” It did him good to blurt this out in a loud, angry voice. "Certainly he shall come,” said Annemarie with a slight tremor in her voice. “I was merely saying whether I liked him or not.” Frau von Malten blew her nose loudly. Thilo leaned his head back and closed his eyes. Annemarie rose and left the room followed by Frau von Malten. Mila slipped to the door and looked as though she wanted to give Felix a sign. There was silence in the room. His Excellency went on with his game of patience. The slapping down of the cards was for a while the only sound to be heard in the room. At last Thilo raised his eyes and said, “I think your wife left the room in some agitation. Don't you want to look after her?” That was just what Felix wanted. “Surely,” he cried fiercely. “But one ought to be able to speak out frankly from time to time. And what's more I was in the right.” "Perhaps you were,” suggested Thilo, “but that is after all of no great consequence.” “Of no consequence?" Felix rose and paced the floor excitedly. “This is my house. But I hardly dare open my mouth here any more. Everything I say gives offence. I can't say a word with- out being misunderstood.” “Yes, that is the old story,” Thilo remarked. "We marry these exquisite creatures—as—as we buy a rare instrument that we do not know how to play. It's the same with all of us.” "All of us?”' Felix stopped in front of Thilo and looked down at him angrily. “You don't—" "Heavens!” said Thilo, bored. "It would be just the same if I'were to marry. Women are once for all on a higher plane of culture than men." 292 HARMONY “Poor creatures! They would probably be less misunderstood if they could be married to highly sensitive bachelors.” Felix was astonished at the bitterness of his own words. Thilo smiled wanly. “I beg your pardon,” muttered Felix, "I didn't mean to be rude ..." “Oh,” replied Thilo,"you needn't apologize. Your remark was very witty. It is I who should beg your pardon for mixing in your affairs." “Anyway,” said Felix, “I was in the right. A man must be able to discuss things frankly with his wife.” “That is, I suppose, what is meant by the much extolled sharing of joy and sorrow?” asked Thilo. “Certainly!” “It really is strange!" Thilo mused on, in a low, drawling voice. “Our women are brought up to have everything passed to them first and we expect them to take the titbits. That is the way we want them to be, and then suddenly we want to share with them what doesn't taste good to us." "Oh, nonsense,” said Felix who had not been listening. "I don't care about most titbits anyway." He was wondering if Anne- marie were crying in her room, crying on his account? Ought he to go to her? There would perhaps be some agitated words between them. That sort of thing brings people nearer to one another. "I'll go and look after Annemarie,” he said. “That's one of your relics of barbarism," murmured Thilo as Felix left the room. “This everlasting dwelling on being in the right. As if it were not just as pleasant at times to be in the wrong." His Excellency laughed into himself silently until his shoulders shook. At the door of Annemarie's room Felix heard Annemarie and Frau von Malten chatting and laughing. There did not seem to be any weeping going on here. He was disappointed. He found Annemarie sitting in her dressing-gown before the mirror. Frau von Malten stood behind her combing her long gold brown hair. In the looking-glass Annemarie saw him come in. Her face which had just been all laughter took on a quiet, weary look. “Oh. it's you,” she said. Felix was somewhat embarrassed. COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 293 “Yes, I thought I'd come,” he said. He sat down. Frau von Malten vanished noiselessly. "You were distressed,” he went on. “I wanted to come to you. Have I offended you?” Annemarie smiled. "No, it was nothing. I ought not to have spoken as I did. But now it is a thing of the past. We needn't speak of Herr von Pankow any more.” “Pankow is a secondary matter," Felix burst out. "What matters to me is that it seems to me that—that I am being com- pletely set aside. I apparently don't count here any more. I am of course neither as elegant nor as brilliant as Thilo. But, after all, one doesn't marry in order to be brilliant and elegant.” “Thilo—why Thilo?” Annemarie looked at her reflection in the glass, and both she and the reflection blushed. "Who else than Thilo?” said Felix, hoarse with excitement. "It is perhaps absurd and tactless that I feel as I do, but it makes me very unhappy to go on living this way. And I have a right to be happy here—as no one else-and-and in my own way.” Felix was silent and looked at Annemarie helplessly. “You poor dear,” Annemarie said into the looking-glass, and as she spoke she and the reflection looked at each other as though to say: "Nowe can have nothing to do with this matter." "What is to be done?” she said plaintively. She seized her hair with both hands and drew it forward over her shoulder, cross- ing it over her breast, as though she wanted to wrap herself up in this golden brown brocade. Felix was silent a moment, as though he could not quite make up his mind to say something. Then, feeling very small, he said, “Thilo could go away,” "Yes—that will probably be the best," admitted Annemarie. Her voice was low and weary. They were both silent now. Annemarie drew her hair closer around her and looked into the looking-glass as though she were expecting something. “She's waiting for me to go," thought Felix. He got up and tried to give his voice a cheery note as he said, “Everything will be right again. It is better to speak frankly. Don't you think so? You must be tired!” He bent over her and kissed her cool white forehead. "Good-night.” When he came out into the anteroom he found Frau von Malten mixing a soothing drink. 294 HARMONY What was to be done now? He was dissatisfied with himself and with Annemarie. She, looking at her reflection in the glass, so serious and haughty, seemed further removed from him than ever, and yet the longing in his heart to belong to her wholly and entirely was unendurable. He could not sleep. He was afraid of the silence in his bedroom. He did not want to go to Mila in the Park-no—not now! He took his gun and set out for the wood. The country sleeping in the starlight, the breeze coming over damp meadows, soothed him. He turned into the wood and walked through the darkness. The dewy beards of the old spruce trees brushed against his face. A badger panted by him. From a thicket the forester Peter, stepped out to greet him. "Ah, my lord! Does my lord want to take a shot at the moor- cock that come out over there on the meadow ?” “Yes,” Felix remembered that Peter had mentioned them. The blond giant with the round childish face walked along beside him and spoke about the moor-cock. They were quite mad this year, he said. "Didn't I hear you'd married ?" asked Felix. “Yes—Marie. She used to be at the manor-house where she learned to bake good bread.” Felix remembered her—"A big, handsome girl.” "So far I've not much to complain of,” said Peter. “But she has a bit of a temper." "Well, well. And do you beat her from time to time?” Peter laughed, “As it happens. You can't always get along without that.” Felix was interested. “And—how—whereabouts do you strike her?" “Oh, just as it comes, my lord.” "And then ?" “Well, she howls—and then afterward she's as pleasant as you please. They're all the same." “Yes, all the same,”-repeated Felix thoughtfully. Felix crawled into the little hut of twisted juniper boughs that stood on the edge of the meadow. “This is where they always come,” said Peter and went off. no COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 295 Twilight still hovered over the meadow. In the East a light strip of sky hung above the horizon; from the wood nearby came a low monotonous rustling. Felix stretched himself out. A slight drowsiness made his eyelids heavy. Moths brushed his cheeks with their cool velvet wings. High above his head he heard the plaintive note of the morning snipe. Heavens, how remote, how remote and impersonal home seemed to him-his room—the night table with the lamp; and the white room with the white hanging lamp. All that was far, far away. Who knew anything about it here? Here you could rest, half drunk with the still- ness, and draw in deep breaths. What more could you want? The twilight grew more transparent. Cobwebs covered the meadow with grey cloths. Somewhere nearby a magpie began to chatter. Then the moor-cock on the spruce trees by the edge of the forest woke up and began to hiss. One sat right before the hut and, puffing himself out, turned himself about, gobbling eagerly and incessantly. Finally his mate appeared waiting till it should be her turn to take part in this remarkable dance. From all sides other moor-cock answered. The quaint little figures turning untiringly were scattered over the whole meadow. Felix did not shoot. He liked to look on, and listen to this monotonous but passionate music. It was all so very natural, so a matter of course. The clouds turned to rose colour. The first sunbeams fell aslant over the meadow. Dew-drops hanging on the grasses began to glitter. Suddenly there was silence. Then a rustling nearby. The wood- cock flew up. What was it? Felix looked out over the meadow. On the opposite side stood a bright coloured little figure, a peasant girl. She held her light cotton dress high over her red petticoat and walked across the meadow lifting her legs in their white stockings high above the dewy grass. Her broad, rosy face shone in the early sunlight. "It is Sunday,” Felix remembered. “She is on her way to church.” Out of the wood stepped a young fellow also dressed in his Sunday clothes, his cap pushed back on his head, his face red from the washing he had given it. Both the girl and the man stopped, looked at each other, walked toward each other—now they met 296 HARMONY and the broad laughing faces were pressed each to each. The young fellow seized the girl with quiet determined hands as though he were about to pluck a fruit. The girl struck at him, but never- theless they marched off to the wood together, their arms closely entwined, and vanished among the spruce trees. "They're not going to church to-day,” said Felix to himself. He started for home. The night had quieted him down and strengthened him. Ah well! Life was really a simple matter. You just had to grasp it firmly, as the youth grasped the breast of his sweetheart. He would speak frankly with Thilo. When people wear masks it suffocates them. This idea of masks appealed to him uncommonly. He would use it in speaking to Thilo, who liked such comparisons. The windows of the manor-house glittered in the sun. The garden was full of tulips and narcissus. Very straight too they stood in the flowerbeds—very clean-very much perfumed. They never let themselves go. And they had been standing that way all night waiting for the day to come. That was the sort of thing Annemarie demanded. But then he was really not a nar- cissus. She would have to make up her mind to that. Once in his room he went to bed and slept till the day was already advanced. It was past noon when Felix got up. From his window he saw Thilo and Annemarie playing battledore and shuttlecock on the lawn. Thilo had introduced this instead of the dancing after breakfast. “Dancing doesn't seem to suit him any more," Felix thought. He stretched himself. He felt pleasantly young and energetic to-day. Later he found Thilo on the verandah musing over his cigar. He asked Felix casually about his shooting expedition. Felix leaned against the railing and looked down into the garden. "I have something I want to talk to you about,” he began. His tone was distinct and energetic. “It isn't quite easy. But you won't take it amiss. It's always better to be frank.” He looked up. Thilo looked down at the long ash at the end of his cigar. At last he said, drawling the words out care- lessly, “I really do not think it advisable. This sort of dis- cussion and openness is always unpleasant to recall later on.” COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 297 CIC Felix flushed; now he must bring in that about the masks. “On the contrary. If you go on wearing a mask for ever, it finally suffocates you.” Thilo smiled. “I think myself that masks are not so bad,” he said, as though this were a common, everyday conversation. “I always felt that the Greeks were right in masking their actors. There was never any danger of Oedipus looking like the gentle- man who was enjoying beer and radishes in the restaurant the other day, nor of Antigone looking like the lady who sat smoking with her elbows on the table.” “That's all really of no account-” Felix burst out. “I have something to say to you which concerns me very closely-some- thing of which I wish to speak openly to you as to a member of the family. It is not an easy matter, but ...". “I always advise against these confidences,” Thilo interrupted him. Felix was silent. He was not prepared for this. He grasped the top of the iron railing so tightly that his hands hurt. What was he to say now? Thilo finally made up his mind to knock off the long ash from his cigar with his little finger, and said in his composed, discreet voice. "Last night various matters came to my mind that are in need of my attention. I am sorry that this will prevent me from accepting your kind invitation to continue my visit. I am leaving to-day with your father-in-law. I am truly sorry— but-" "O really. It—it is really too bad,” Felix stammered. He assumed an expression of disappointment. Then all was as it should be, and he might have spared himself all this fuss. Thilo suggested a clearing in a certain direction through the park trees which would be effective. Felix entered into the matter with eagerness. Annemarie and Thilo walked slowly and silently down the garden path to the arbour among the lilacs. Here they sat down. “Where do you intend to go?" asked Annemarie. "I shall find a ship somewhere and cruise about for a while. That will be the best thing." He looked at Annemarie thought- fully as we look at a picture that absorbs us. She shut her as . 298 HARMONY e eyes, and sat as still under his gaze as though it were a caress. “Those of us who have reached the age of forty," Thilo went on, "handle our feelings with care. If we come into the possession of a very precious one we go off with it-into some lonely region, seeking out the perfect environment.” "I can see you distinctly,” said Annemarie, “sitting alone on the ship and looking out over the twilight waters.” Thilo nodded. “Yes, that's just how it will be,” he said. “It's strange what vivid forms our visions take on, when we look out through evening light on darkening seas. ... Priceless hours. You remember: "_lora che volge il desio Ai naviganti e intenerisce il cuore." Annemarie smiled, one of those touching smiles which women smile who would fain excuse the tears that are kept back. "And you?” asked Thilo and bent forward. Her shoulders heaved slightly. “Desio—can one not live on that too ?” Thilo lifted Annemarie's hand carefully from the back of the bench and laid it on the palm of his own. “You,” he said, "you must above all things always be your- self. Keep out everything in the least foreign to your own nature. You happen to be a perfect inspiration of the Creator and such perfection can bear no added accents." He looked out thought- fully for a moment and then stroked lightly the hand that lay motionless in his own. “Could you,” he said hesitatingly, "could you take upon yourself something like a sin—the symbol of a sin-for-for my sake? I think—that to share something like a sin together binds closer than a mere exchange of rings." He had spoken in that low voice of his with its peculiar singing quality. Now he was silent. As Annemarie did not answer he drew her gently toward him, bent over her, and touched ever so lightly her tightly closed lips with his own. Hastily they drew apart again. “Something for the vision to feed on," said Thilo and smiled. Then he looked at his watch, rose: “I must go—your father is easily im- patient. You are going to stay here?” COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 299 Annemarie nodded. When Thilo had gone she let the tears flow unhindered over her white, motionless face. The gravel crunched. Felix came hurriedly. "Where have you been ?” he called. “They are already leaving. What-you've been crying?" “Oh yes—a little,” said Annemarie. “I am so sorry that they are going away.” "Of course. It's too bad.” Felix gulped hastily. He was disheartened. “But what's to be done! Come now. They are waiting." The field was clear. Life would begin anew. Felix gave free rein to his happy mood. At dinner he was very talkative, teased Mila and Frau von Malten, stroked Annemarie's hand tenderly. He noticed, of course, that this happy mood was not finding response, but he was determined not to let himself be disturbed in it. This, however, was really not particularly easy in the draw- ing-room after dinner. Frau von Malten read the paper aloud. Annemarie sat with an expression of quiet happiness on her face and seemed very far away with her thoughts. This room, this hour, both were still so full of Thilo's presence. Mila seized the opportunity of fastening her hot gaze on Felix; and Felix puffed at his cigar and thought of foolish, violent things. How would it be to say something—or do something now that would strike like a thunderbolt into all this quiet, something that nobody ex- pected, that would startle Annemarie and make her cry, that would shatter the glass walls which separated one from another here. The windows were open. The night breathed sweetly through the rooms. A soft rustling came and went in the linden just outside. Frau von Malten had now reached the social chronicle and let the great names ring out solemnly. ames Meanwhile a mad riot of blossoming swept over the world. The lilacs encircled the house as with a rampart of pale violet-coloured gauze. Tulips in rows leaped like little flames along the edges of the garden paths. At every hour of the day Annemarie might be seen passing down these paths, her face calm and happy. She sang softly to herself or stopped to listen to some distant sound. “She is always with him, always,” Felix said to himself. When 300 HARMONY - he joined her she nodded absently, spoke of indifferent matters, of his farming, of the garden, entertained him kindly and politely as we do a caller who will we hope soon take his leave. "The lilac is particularly beautiful this year. Don't you think so ?” “That makes you happy ?” “Yes I can positively hear it! I have always noticed that colours have sounds. Thilo says he can hear them too." “Oh, he, of course,” Felix grunted. “He says,” Annemarie went on, “the sound of lilac is like the sound of a choir of children's voices singing in a distant church at Whitsuntide.” "Really! I can't hear a thing." Felix ended the conversation and turned to go. Annemarie gave him a cheerful nod and turned into a side path hurriedly as though someone were waiting for her there. Or else it was morning and he came in to see her. He wanted to do as others do. A man comes in between his duties in his high boots for a moment to chat with his wife, has a glass of cognac, speaks of this or that. In the anteroom Frau von Malten was instructing one of the younger men-servants. She kept entering the room and he had to announce her to the big arm-chair. Or she sat down and he had to come again and again and announce dinner. Annemarie sat in her room. She had taken off the string of pearls which she usually wore and let it slip through her fingers. “Oh! it's you,” she said as Felix entered. "Have you had your cognac?” She listened to what he had to say. She acted exactly as though it were a matter of course that he should be there. But Felix was aware that he had disturbed her, had interrupted her at something. And knew that as soon as he went away she would begin her real life again. Mila came to read to her. Annemarie looked down at the pearls and said shortly: “No thank you, no reading.” Felix was astonished at the look of repugnance on her face as she spoke. Mila turned and departed so abruptly that her skirts swished. "Don't you keep up the reading aloud? Has Mila's voice ceased to be agreeable?" Felix asked. COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 301 “No,” Annemarie replied, “her voice is no longer agreeable to me." "Oh," said Mila that evening in the Park, "the old lady hasn't noticed a thing, but she, she can't bear the sight of me. When I come into the room she sends me out again and when I kiss her hand she acts as if a dog were licking it." “Don't speak of her-ever—" Felix flared out at her. He took her by the shoulder and shook her. Mila cried. She bent her face bright with tears down to his and kissed him as though she wanted to throw all the heat of her indignation into these kisses. “There is no getting hold of this life,” thought Felix as he stood again by the bean-field, and watched the old man and his white horse and the shining glebe—“No getting hold of it,” But both he and she knew better. Something went on of which the day with its charming order knew nothing whatever—no word, no glance recalled it. But the picture of it was always present to Felix's mind. At night, when all was still, when the furniture in the dark rooms slept under its white covers, when the flowers wilted in the vases, when Frau von Malten's pretty clockwork had stopped—there under the white hanging lamps in the white room the little white figure crouched on the bed. The eyes very dark in all the whiteness looked at him wide and frightened and the slender, cool body lay motionless in his arms; on the pale face was an expression of contempt and the endurance of torture. After such nights his heart was sore within him with a sense of bitter, cruel power, and yet he needs must experience it again and again. A strange unrest took possession of Felix. He could not sleep. He wandered about the roads at night. These white nights at the beginning of summer cast a ghostly shimmer over the country- side and are heavy with dreams. From the peasants' huts came now and then the sound of a sleepy but restless accordion sing- ing its jerky little tune out into the twilight. On the edge of the field a peasant boy lay stretched out in the grass, his face turned upward to the stars, and slept. Felix walked along the road a stranger to himself. Thus we see our- selves sometimes in dreams, a stranger in a strange dream-world. Behind him lay the manor-house between its hedges of lilac. In the white room crouched the white figure listening anxiously into 302 HARMONY the night lest a step—his step-should draw near. In the Park sat Mila crying because he did not come, and here was he straying along the silent roads. Why—why must all this be? He could not understand it. He stretched himself out by the wayside. He too wanted to lie there like the young fellow yonder lulled to sleep by the weary dance tune of the distant accordion. Again a bit of moon hung in the tree-tops of the Park. Felix lay on the close cropped lawn under the chestnut trees. Mila sat beside him, held his hand, and kissed it with regular, short kisses. "My lord-my lord,” she repeated. Before them lay the pond. Over it spread a light green coverlet of water plants. Shave-grass and water-plantain had shot up and caught the moonlight as in lattice-work. "My lord-my lord,” Mila repeated in her soft voice. Felix listened as in a dream. Then another sound reached him, a clear voice singing—drawing nearer. He felt Mila press his hand, he sat up quickly. The voice was quite near: “Annemarie," he thought. At that moment she passed them slowly. She held a branch of lilac bloom in her hand and moved it slowly up and down, as though keeping time to her song. The train of the white muslin dress rustled softly on the gravel. She seemed for a moment to turn her head in the direction where the two sat in the shadow. Felix saw distinctly the slender face, calm and aloof, the lips parted in singing. Thus she passed them. The song grew fainter and fainter. Then it came again, clearer, over the water, like a lullaby sung by a mother in the dim lamp-light beside a white cradle as her eyes grow heavy with sleep. Now she had reached the further side of the pond. The shining figure walked out on the little landing that jutted out into the water. At the end of the landing she stopped, waved the flowery branch, and sang. Felix jumped to his feet. But the white figure was gone. A sound on the water. Wild ducks flew up from the reeds. The moonlight on the water yonder moved back and forth in crooked lines. “Go-call for help!” gasped Felix. He rushed to the pond, threw off his coat, and sprang into the water. He would have to cross the pond. With a silky rustle the green coverlet pushed back COUNT EDUARD VON KEYSERLING 303 mon before him. The water was luke-warm. In the middle of the pond floated an island of water-plantain. Felix had to get through this. The tiny, upright flowers threw pollen in his face that had a faint odour of honey. Now he was in the midst of it. Some- thing held his foot fast. He struck out vigorously with his arms. Now it seized hold of his arm, and as he tried to free himself it closed in on him from all sides, clasped him with soft, cool fingers. Breathless he struggled in this net that parted and closed in on him again. He thrust his hands into it as into a tangle of cold, silky limbs. He tore them apart, and heard them moan faintly. Everything else was forgotten in the frenzy of this fight with the silent, evasive life around him. And when he stopped for a moment to get his breath, he saw the pond around him silent and moonlit. Only the great leaves of the water lilies rocked gently. A last desperate effort, and he was free, about him clear water. Then he saw the landing and knew again why he was there: “She is waiting—she is in danger.” Hastily he swam to the other shore. This must be the place. The water was deep and clear. On it floated a spray of lilac. Felix dived; dived again. Now he seemed to grasp a dress—an arm—a hand. He swam to shore, the little cold hand held fast in his own. He lifted Annemarie ashore, bent over her, tore the clothing from her body, knelt beside her and looked down upon her. Her breast, her limbs were shiny with water and transparently white. The face strange and severe in its utter calm; the lips half opened. The bluish whiteness of the teeth glittered from between them. The upper lip was drawn up a little, proud and aloof. It was as though Annemarie, tired, had lain down and said: “Oh, no-thank you—not for me.” va A POEM BY E. E. CUMMINGS Nobody wears a yellow flower in his buttonhole he is altogether a queer fellow as young as he is old when autumn comes, who twiddles his white thumbs and frisks down the boulevards without his coat and hat -(and i wonder just why that should please him or i wonder what he does) and why (at the bottom of this trunk, under some dirty collars) only a moment (or was it perhaps a year) ago i found staring me in the face a dead yellow small rose NDRE A A DRAWING. BY E. E. CUMMINGS ----- - A DRAWING. BY E. E. CUMMINGS THE RELIGION OF CULTURE BY ROGER FRY IT is a nice point, and one on which I have never yet been 1 able to make up my mind, whether culture is more inimical to art than barbarism, or vice versa. Culture, no doubt, tends to keep a tradition in existence, but just when the tradition thus carefully tended through some winter of neglect begins to show signs of life by putting out new shoots and blossoms, culture must needs do its best to destroy them. As the guardian and wor- shipper of the dead trunk, it tries to wipe off such impertinent excrescences, unable as it is to recognize in them the signs of life. The late Sir Claude Phillips, for instance, in his book Evolution in Art,' pays tribute to the greatest achievements of the art of the past; he exalted and kept alive the memory of Titian and Giorgione, but when he comes to talk of his contemporaries he makes us wonder what he found to admire in the old masters by speaking in almost the same glowing terms of Böcklin and Fritz von Uhde; he alludes to Monet, but he is silent about Seurat and Sisley and Cézanne, not to mention those more modern artists whom also he had every opportunity to appraise. For this book of reprinted articles makes it quite clear that Sir Claude was a very distinguished High Priest of Culture. The unction of his style was as oil to feed the undying flame in the Temple, and the savour of his epithets rose like incense before its altars. Like many great ecclesiastics, he was also an accomplished man of the world; neither an ascetic nor a prude, like them he enjoyed polished society, good wine, good food, and good stories. He was a charming and witty companion, whose good things were drawn from the vast store of learning and experience which his wonderful memory retained. But like other ecclesiastics, when he entered the Temple invested with his priestly garments, his whole manner changed. His language took on the peculiar unction 1 Evolution in Art. By Claude Phillips. Edited by Maurice W. Brock- well. Heinemann. 155. LS 306 THE RELIGION OF CULTURE 101 of almost all devotional writing, and he bowed perpetually before the great gods of his Temple and rarely alluded to one of them without some time-honoured and sanctifying epithet. The very quality of his phrases changed; they took on the liturgical reso- nance which relegates sense to a subsidiary position. Perhaps Ruskin had showed the way, but it was Phillips more than any one else who framed and consolidated the ritual and liturgical use of the great Temple of Culture. He borrowed, no doubt, from other religions, but he adapted with extraordinary tact and skill. Thus it was that he came week after week to intone in the columns of the Daily Telegraph those reverential, decorous, and richly adorned services, some of which are reprinted here. Throughout these pages we hear “the blessed mutter of the Mass”—a Mass in which the names of all the deities and saints and all their great works are brought up in succession. It hardly matters whether Sir Claude Phillips says anything about their works or not; the main purpose is served if one after another, their glorious names are brought to the worshipper's mind, in order to arouse his reverent awe and conduce to his edification. As we read these pages we are conscious of the presence of the Thrones, Dominions, Principalities, and Powers of the realm of art; we share humbly and at a distance in that new communion of the Saints. Almost infallibly Sir Claude strikes the right devotional attitude and finds the edifying epithet. One of the well-known signs of this attitude is the reference to holy beings by some allusive circumlocution. A well-trained ecclesiastic having once named Elijah could hardly fail after- wards to refer to him as the “indomitable Tishbite.” The effect of this is admirable, it assumes that reverent familiarity on the wor- shipper's part which is so desirable. Thus, Sir Claude has his repertory of allusions, "the gentle Urbinate," "the bee of Urbino," "the divine Sanzio,” “the faultless Andrea,” “the Frate," "the poet-painter of Valenciennes," "the great Cadorine,” by which we are, as it were, made free of the mysteries. Still more significant is the fact that not even the objects that have to do with the cult may be left without their appropriate adjective. I quote a passage in which he speaks of dancing in art: “Akin to these, but perhaps more vigorous still, and with less of cosmic suavity, are the child- angels who in joyous procession pass dancing along the front and ROGER FRY 307 sides of Donatello's 'Cantoria,' once in the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiori at Florence, but now in the little museum at the back of that mighty church.” Here the information given in the last phrase is, of course, quite irrelevant to the argument, but it seems to bring up vague memories of holy things, and, what reveals most this attitude, even this little scrap of topography helps to elevate us by reason of the insertion of the word "mighty.” The true devotional touch is revealed by this almost unconscious gesture. But let me quote another passage where the fervour of Sir Claude's Apostolate has more scope: "And Mantegna, harsh and tender, severe with a more than Roman severity, and yet of a mysticism in devotion as intense as that of any contemporary master, maintains the beholder in realms where the spirit droops and can hardly follow. The sublimity of Michelangelo himself is equalled in a 'Sybil and Prophet' of very moderate dimensions, formerly in the collection of the Duke of Buccleugh; the 'Infant Christ, as Ruler of the World,' of the Mond collection, stands apart in the quiet intensity with which it expresses worship on the one hand, and, on the other, the irradia- tion of the universe by Divine Love. The 'Madonnas' of the Poldi- Pezzoli Museum at Milan and the Gallery at Bergamo express, as by hardly any other master they have been expressed, the sub- lime devotion, the tragic apprehension, of maternal love that is all human and yet in its immensity Divine. Face to face with his 'Adoration of the Magi' (formerly in the Ashburton collection), we experience the feeling of religious awe, almost of terror, that possessed the Wise Men of the East when, though royal still in splendour and in gravity, they knelt subdued and prostrate in worship at the feet of the Divine Babe.” numan There surely is the full organ roll of the Anglican liturgy at its best; see how the very names of Italian towns and of Ducal col- lectors help to swell the diapason, and urge the worshipper to fresh ecstasies of acquiescence. Decidedly Sir Claude Phillips was a great High Priest in that religion of culture which is so well adapted to the emotional needs of polite societies, and let me add that he had to the full the sense of his sacerdocy. He was the first to denounce any act of 308 THE RELIGION OF CULTURE Vandalism, he was the most scrupulous in avoiding any hint of mercenary dealings, the most punctilious in the assertion of the claims of his religion, and the most conscientious in their observance. There remains, of course, the question with which I started: what relation, if any, has this religion of culture to art? Some connexion it surely has. It would be impossible for any one to have written these glowing pages unless he had looked long and with some genuine emotion at the innumerable masterpieces whose images he recalls and whose glories he recounts. But so far as I can find, there is no single piece of strictly aesthetic appreciation in the whole of this book. Not once does Sir Claude come into contact with the actual vision of the artist. So far indeed does his habit of day-dreaming about pictures instead of looking at them go, that in an essay on "what the brush cannot paint,” he actually says that "the word-painting of the poet gives as definite a vision as that which arises from the brush-work of the painters.” The word “definite” here is, of course, the exact opposite of the truth- the essence, and to a great extent the value, of the poet's image lying precisely in its indefiniteness. But Sir Claude did not accept definite images from pictures. He allowed the vision to set up in his mind an emotional state in which the vision itself was lost in the vague overtones of asso- ciated ideas and feelings. He shows his method when he says: "Not Millais in his 'Chill October,' not even Theodore Rousseau or Diaz, painting the festering herbage on some dank pool of the forest, walled in by the trees from which the last sere leaves drop in the silence, one by one.” It matters little how poor the quality of the painting is (and how poor are these he cites!) when this agreeable day-dream with its soothing verbal accompaniment replaces so rapidly the painter's vision. It is to this that we must look for the explanation of the strange paradox of this fervent hierodule of Raphael, Titian, and Poussin giving his priestly blessing to Böcklin and Fritz von Uhde, and turning aside from the more sincere efforts of modern art to write long rhapsodies over sentimental war-pictures which have already passed into Time's rubbish heap. No doubt, then, Sir Claude derived a very genuine enjoyment from works of art, but I think that enjoyment was obtained with- ROGER FRY 309 out any direct communion with the artists' sensibility; what he saw and felt was the dramatic interpretation of the scene and its decorative setting, but most of all he felt the status of the work in question in the hierarchy of art, its cultural value, the exact degree of reverence which it might rightly claim from the devout. Reverence is indeed the key to all such religious attitudes, and reverence is, of course, as inimical to true aesthetic experience as it is to the apprehension of truth. Reverence, and that goodwill which belongs to edification, may be perhaps of use to help the beginner to overcome the first difficulties of approach to what is finest in art, but, if he is to get any real aesthetic experience, he must learn to eschew reverence and to distrust his goodwill. This is the greatest difficulty of criticism, for past aesthetic experiences always tend to stereotype themselves in our minds and set up within us the religious attitude. Sir Claude Phillips not only did not understand this, but would have looked upon such an attempt to react purely and freely in each case as a blasphemy against the whole religion of culture. I still find I must leave the question open. Picture galleries and museums are Temples of Culture, not of Art. The artist and the aesthete use them, no doubt: indeed, they depend on them; they would, none the less, never have had the social prestige, nor, perhaps, the energy, to have created them. The artist's debt to culture in that respect is immense, but he pays it in full when he discovers that the same social prestige of Culture will turn upon him the moment he tries to create along the lines of the tradition which culture preserved. To the cultured man the unpardonable sin is the creation of just those works which will become the ark of the covenant to some succeeding generation of cultured men. Sd CHANSON BANALE BY SCOFIELD THAYER I had a love once on a time (I have forgotten when) And she was very jocund there, And she was lovely then. I gave her of a cake to eat, She answered me with tears, And when I laid me at her feet She watered so my fears. She spoke of things I had forgot, And told me odd replies, She told me things were better not Beneath the broken skies, How in their ailing was a spot I saw not in her eyes. I sit and answer the dull women Who carry on this world, And in a corner of my sorrow My Dearest Love lies furled. RECLINING NUDE. BY WILHELM LEHMBRUCK DAS EINSAME WEIB. BY WILHELM LEHMBRUCK UNCONQUERED BY MAX ROBIN | KEPT lodging that year in the home of the Shishkins, who 1 were a small family of three, with a father, a mother, and a son, Volodia. A strange home it was, with strange people, and a still stranger son. When I first came to know him, Volodia Petrovich Shishkin- to give him his full name—was already a man of twenty-nine- thirty. He was then tall, lithe, and square-shouldered, probably at his best physically with sharp, clear-cut features, a light mous- tache, and trim, yellow little beard, his manner from afar care- free, breezy-refreshing and inspiring, admired by men and wor- shipped by women. His gait was upright, and he walked briskly, with firm steps. His vitality did not forsake him even when he ate, his animated forehead glowing with intensity, and his hat, shoved far to the back of his head, fairly dancing in accompani- ment to the steady grinding of his hard jaws. It took us months to get acquainted. We would see little of each other, I being kept mostly on the go and Volodia artfully avoiding, if not simply ignoring, me. He would show himself, flit by, and disappear. He was generally out. For long intervals at a stretch he would also stay closeted in his room. It was tempting to find out what he could be doing there. I, as a rule, sensed when he was in, for with Volodia's arrival, all about took on a peculiar dismal air. Silence reigned. Always Volodia's presence made itself felt throughout the house. As to Shishkin senior, he was of negligible quality altogether. He was seldom home, with no one taking notice of his comings and goings. In time even I learned to disregard him. Volodia absolutely ignored him, while to his wife I never saw him speak. But Olga Michailovna—she was always in. Alone she inhabited that cold little house. Grown old together, they had finally become inseparable; and a similarity, a sort of kinship, now existed between them. na 312 UNCONQUERED Sometimes I would join Olga Michailovna for tea. "Well, what, shall we drink a small glass ?” would be her cus- tomary way of inviting me; and, invariably, I would accept. We would then naturally drift into a chat. On these occasions, the mother at first acted with reserve. She served tea with an ease and pleasantness not unlike that of my grandmother, whom I delighted to visit in her distant country-place almost every year in midsummer. But while I, in the broad Rus- sian manner, was leisurely sipping the tea, Volodia's mother oppo- site me sat staring listlessly through the window. And as she stared, her head shaking, there was an inscrutable look of sorrow in her eyes. I had come to regard this as the pose most truly characteristic of Olga Michailovna. At times she let fall a question. My answer would solicit another. A conversation would develop. Once I started one with an enquiry concerning Volodia. “Where is your son keeping himself?” I asked. Startled, she in turn queried: "How am I to know, little dove?” “He is difficult to approach-what?" “Not that." Following a pause, the mother, upon reflection, continued: “A person as he is: whom has he and whom does he need? For days you will find him stretched across his bed. And what does he do? He stares. He stares; does he know at what he is staring? And what will come of it? He waits; maybe one day a holy spirit, catching sight of him, will fly in and show him his way." It was a most painful recitation, yet one positively monotonous. It only made me side with the son, and at the moment I felt but scant sympathy for the mother's grievances. Out of pity, I declared: "Strange. He must always have been such ?” “Always,” confirmed the mother. She sighed; and while I never could endure to hear one sigh, it seemed to me appropriate this time, and I readily forgave Olga Michailovna. She proceeded, in an outpouring of lamentation: “God, is it right to make one suffer as much as I am suffering? No husband, no son. Where are my hopes? I waited, and am still waiting. It's necessary to believe, it's necessary to hope. If deep in you there is faith, no S a n IO nous. CIVIC MAX ROBIN 313 010 one will ever be able to destroy it-no one!” she asserted in a most admirable burst of animation. That quickly subsiding, she went on: “I thought Volodia would grow up. There were others, and they died. The oldest, the first-born, remained. Now—Is he my son? Do you know him?—so much do I know him. All his life he has been going about as you see him now, alone, in the same worn suit, his shoes torn, and not a kopeck in his pocket. Or he lies in bed, yawns, and does not speak. Why? Why should my own son despise me and never favour me even with a glance? The harm that his mother has done him! Is he not aware that he is all that I own in the world? Here you are studying. You will soon be a doctor. You will have a home, a wife, children. People will respect you. While he—and could not he have been a doctor? There is such a head on him! You don't know that he left school with books and honours. Then something happened, and it all turned over in his mind. What is he doing now? He is not living. And we—what will become of us here? Only one son. When a mother has ten she worries for ten. But it's the same whether the whole hand hurts or only a part of the little finger. Does not the pain of one finger cause as much agony as the pain of five?” Yes; I agreed. What else was I to do? I cautioned the mother about her health and tried to impress her with the benefits of rest, good food, and fresh air. Above all I implored her not to worry—not to worry. Ours. Call My examinations then came along. I was kept busy; while far, far in the distance, hidden by the soft spring night, was the Dnieper, the Ukraine, with nature and youth in their glorious yearly efflorescence. Volodia at this time was away. For fully a week I did not see him. Where could my landlady's son be? I made enquiry of her. "He is about the villages,” explained Olga Michailovna. “How about the villages ? What is he doing there?” “Doing? He never does anything. He walks. Didn't you know? He does this every year. Walks from one village to another. Our peasants are kind, and he has a way of pleasing them, so they feed him.” So Volodia had gone out to meet the spring! 314 UNCONQUERED ras OW. "And when does he come back ?” I asked. “How am I to know?” asked back Olga Michailovna with a shrug. “He will come back. He never gets lost.” Volodia returned earlier than I had expected and looked cheer- ful. He had a buoyant mien, his eyes agleam with sprightliness— Volodia had brought with him the expanse and freedom of the immense Russian steppe. The manner which he had acquired was also more friendly. Obviously he could afford it now. And I rejoiced at Volodia's change of attitude toward me. Once I recognized him with a gang of labourers, shovelling sand on the banks of the Dnieper. He waved his hand and smiled familiarly on catching sight of me. And I felt sorry for Volodia then. I felt sorry for him because I liked him. Yes, I liked him. He did something unusual one morning. He came and knocked at my door, entering before I had time to call him. He had never before been in my room, so I stared, agreeably surprised. Barefoot, with neither hat nor coat on, he looked even taller and more of a romantic figure than he did ordinarily. On the whole, though, he seemed boyish rather than manly. He was probably just up, as he was both unwashed and uncombed. I offered Volodia a seat and asked: “How did you find your way here?” To my delight he appreciated this modest pleasantry and laughed. “Any objection to my sitting on your bed?” he then asked, good-humouredly. "None whatever!" I hastened to assure him. . “That's good. I like a soft place. And you need not worry; my trousers are brushed.” He ensconced himself conveniently, while I closed my text-book. “Eh, your room is much nicer than mine," he next observed, with a pleasant air of envy, scratching his dishevelled mass of hair and glancing amusedly around. “You are fixed up well here, aren't you?" “Quite so.” “And what are you going to be?” I answered this also, reluctantly. was MAX ROBIN 315 IT “That's good,” declared Volodia, reclining back comfortably and pausing to gaze ceilingward, as was his wont. “The thing is simple. What you will have to do in time is learn how quickest to dispose of our poor peasant-folk hereabout. Well, what's the difference? The privilege is yours. So.” He spoke mildly, slightingly; and when I attempted to protest this, he promptly forestalled me, putting his hand up, palm thrust out forward, saying: "Wait a minute—wait a minute! We shan't bother to argue with you. Have it your way. It would be hardly a calamity if I myself were to take up doctoring for a little year or so. And isn't the weather delightful? A truly magnificent morning—no?" “Yes, magnificent," I agreed, regarding my visitor with mistrust. “And you—you are for ever learning and learning ?” he asked, scrutinizing me from a distance and at ease, critically nodding his head. “But tell me, doctor: what is it all for? And is it not strange that you manage to find room for all of it in your cranium- such, I believe, being the scientific term you use for head? Now, now-don't take offence! We are merely jesting. I am in jovial spirits. And you, doctor, are you also feeling fine?” "Volodia Petrovich," I threw in, the first chance I could grasp; “I beg your pardon! Look here: why can't we both get on nat- urally? Are you not aware that you are awfully conceited? I am interested in you, as you can see. I feel that I would be able to understand you. Why, then, wear a mask before me, as you do before everyone else ?” This outburst, which had cost me a considerable effort, was rewarded with a round of mirthless laughter. "How wise and merciful of you!” Volodia, totally unaffected, then rejoined. “One may safely predict another Dostoevsky for Russia. And now, doctor, since you are so noble-hearted and well- disposed”—he shifted positions, with an exaggerated demonstra- tion of the difficulty which this involved—“I am going to lay down before you the following proposition.” So sustainedly composed and cynical was his air and so com- plete my suspense under the spell of his steady, inescapable gaze, that my poise nearly gave way before an impulse urging me to rush forward and hurl upon Volodia the epithet “Mephistopheles!" For in my eyes at that moment he was indeed the devil incarnate. 316 UNCONQUERED non "Now how would it be,” he proceeded, "if we, that is, you and I, my dear friend, should of a sudden betake ourselves from here- and away over our wide mother-Russia !_Well, what-agreed?'' He ended, as he had begun, jauntily, a mischievous smile still playing over his features. While I turned, cringed, faltered. “I should like to, but you know, my examinations,” “Oh, confound your examinations!” impatiently exclaimed Volodia, raising himself up a bit. “What are those examinations for? What will they avail you?—Live!" I was glad, indeed, to see Volodia enthusiastic and so much in earnest over something, and had begun telling him, “You must re- member, Volodia Petrovich, that you and I are” when he, divin- ing my thought, in exaltation concluded for me: “_different people-eh! There, you see, it's not so difficult to probe your mode of reasoning after all. But all this is sheer nonsense, I assure you. The difference between you and myself— if a comparison must be formed—is this, that I am more of a think- ing animal than you are. I have studied fewer books, but I know life infinitely better. Of course! I've lived. I have paid; but I've lived. I am still living.–Well, now, what's the use? Are you going?” Still I hesitated. “What if-” "I would go alone,” resumed Volodia, ignoring me, “but you are such a benevolent Christian soul. You insist on doing good. I know, besides, that you don't detest me. Well, here's your chance. We will go and—Say now !-were you ever in the Crimea in spring?" I was obliged to admit that I had never been in the Crimea in spring "Well-well!” Volodia caught up. “If you went there now you would derive a more permanent benefit than from all your feeble professors and stale books, more than you would from half a dozen universities in three times the period it requires to go through them. Damned be schools and education, and even doctors, doctor!” he ejaculated in somewhat of a fury. “People forget to live-forget how to live. And this alone is essential. Yes.” Volodia's intensity approached on inspiration; and I was still more delighted. As I did not respond, he stood up. MAX ROBIN 317 "I take it, therefore, that you are not going?” he asked, half turning toward me. "Wait till my examinations are over," I answered, when almost on the point of yielding. “Well, we may wait,” muttered Volodia in parting. Smiling mysteriously, but in a manner as ever devoid of the ex- pression of genuine joy, he went out of the room. It was on a bright Sunday morning that Volodia and I took leave of Kiev. As I faced about and lifted my hat for the last time, I saw Olga Michailovna at the gate, standing as we had left her, with hands clasped in resignation, and motionless, except that her head still seemed to be shaking, wearily, in reproach; and from afar she appeared even more solitary and pathetic. We traversed the Ukraine. We saw the Crimea in spring. We then turned back in the direction of my home. It is a matter too intricate to relate how Volodia and I man- aged to get along on our journey. We certainly were not meant to be friends, and our relations were at times strained to the break- ing point. There was no friendship possible with Volodia, who was the self-sufficient, thoroughly self-satisfied, unconcernedly- and yet sternly—domineering type that one either takes to imme- diately and then follows worshipfully to the end, or, without un- derstanding, nor ever being able or willing to profess the true reason for it, but out of fear most likely, shuns outright in con- tempt. Half ways were not even to be thought of. Still it hap- pened that, surroundings getting the better of us, we would let ourselves go, as Russians so well know how; and on such occa- sions, when they fell out on an evening, with the peace of night enfolding us, and a great sky spreading overhead, we would be brought very close to each other, and we would indeed feel like friends. We reached my place. “Now we may settle here for a while—or shall I proceed by myself ?”' asked Volodia. He stood, deliberating this question with himself, when I pro- posed, calmly, so as not to reveal my eagerness: "Why not stay with us? We have plenty of room at my house." 318 UNCONQUERED som "Really!" picked up Volodia. “Well, this small favour we shan't grant you. I can see where it would tickle your vanity to have me placed under some obligation to you. But the less you will do for me the more you will like me—true?” "Volodia Petrovich " “Just a minute!” he intercepted me with a curtness which I had learned to admire and respect in him. “You know that I am not good at haggling. And what would be the use? I am going to look over this town, and perhaps, if I find it to my liking, I shall pitch camp here for a while. Nowhere to hurry, is there?” I asked: “Where am I going to see you?” Volodia grinned. “Look around. I suppose you will find me if I am still in the neighbourhood.” Plainly put! And with this he departed. I walked a few steps, then stopped to look back after the reced- ing tall figure; and I realized now how firmly attached I had grown to this solitary, strong man. But was Volodia strong? Perhaps it was not that in him which fascinated me so much? What, then, was it? ... We had continuous rainy weather, and I wondered where Volodia could be, alone, without money. A man was deliberately choosing to make his life harsh and disagreeable, not being content with the havoc unavoidably wrought upon it by the event of natural circumstances. What hidden object was there in that, an object hidden probably also from Volodia ?-I could only keep on won- dering; and as I wondered, I admired my hero still more. One day, on a whimsical rambling, I went as far as the out- skirts of our town. Brilliant sunshine had come to us in showers after those endless heavy rains; and it was good to go around and feel oneself young and powerful again in a world of sweet creative harmony and peace. Our main bridge, badly damaged by the ice-floes of early spring (this being almost a yearly affliction on our impoverished munici- pality) was then still under repair. And as I approached the river that morning, there came to me a chorus of voices, that sounded like an echo reverberating from the woods and from the sky. I drew nearer—and behold! High up on platforms, men, little men and active as bees, stood perched, dangerously, fearlessly perched, and while hammering MAX ROBIN 319 away, merrily, ever merrily and ceaselessly, they sang their beloved plaintive "Dubinushka.” Listening to that song, as it is wafted from afar amid a ring- ing of hammers, the heart fills with a silent, undefinable yearning, tears swim into the eyes, and the whole being vibrates with mem- ories, long dead, now reviving, slowly, but ever incompletely, to vanish like shadows again. .... Long I stood. The song continued, but it was becoming less and less audible, till, gradually, it seemed to have altogether ceased. And while I stood, I listened, listened to that deep silence within me, listened to the dull echoes of the past and the baffling whis- perings of the future. . . . And once more the clanging and sing- ing began to mount, began to rise, higher and higher, imperceptibly penetrating my consciousness ... till again it lifted me out of the trance in which I was immersed. ... Reanimated, I started for the luring scene of toil and activity. The “Dubinushka” came louder. The hammering followed faster and more resounding, a symphony of creation chiming rhythmically in the mellow air of late morning. Against the far- away sky I saw the shirts of the workmen swell on their backs and futter in the breeze. And as I stood admiring it all, a lusty, resonant voice came calling: "Hey, Mitka, you cross-eyed frog-catch!” I started. On a top platform was a man standing and leaning well over, with one hand holding on to the slender support, while in the other he had a coiled rope, which he was jauntily flourish- ing; and as the same robust voice, its sprightliness undiminished, once again rose hailing, I recognized Volodia. My first impulse was to call to him, but without a second thought I turned and took to the road instead. I came to a near-by woods and went roaming there, obliged now and then to pause and listen to the oft-repeated strains of the “Dubinushka.” And never was there a song of labour heard mightier than that which reached me here in the dusky depths of the forest. When the whistle blew for dinner, I went back to look for Volodia. He was now the one friend I had or cared to have- if I needed one at all. I found him stretched comfortably on a pile of logs, with more men about, all sitting and eating. But Volodia's voice was heard TI reson ice came 320 UNCONQUERED above the others. And how I envied and admired him then! Everywhere, whatever the circumstances or people, this man man- aged to make himself at home. What a rare, cherishable gift! “Sit down,” he called familiarly to me as I approached. Confused by the general attention, I stood undecided. And Volodia, evidently with a view of relieving my embarrassment, turned to one of the company and asked: “Why did you stop there, Stepan? Go ahead.” When I later moved to go, Volodia, who, as was his habit, might have disconcerted me with an untoward remark, slowly lifted him- self and accompanied me, arms folded on his chest, across the clearing. And again I envied him-envied him his muscles, his stature, his poise. We took the spacious, sandy road. "What are you doing these long days?” he enquired. “Don't you feel fine?” I was far from feeling fine just then, and experienced a tinge of pleasure in imparting this to Volodia. It was perhaps my aim to gain his sympathy. “That's bad,” he observed; and it indeed seemed as if a friendly strain had found its way into that usually harsh and mocking voice. "Your health must be in poor condition,” he continued. “If you did a little hard work, as one ought to be doing, you would learn to eat more, and—” "It's not that," I interrupted him. "Not that?” he picked up alertly. “Then it can't mean any- thing.” A while later he amplified: “The trouble must be with your imagination. So-called unhap- piness is as a rule conceived there, when the mental state, due to a general condition of impotence, or plain idleness, has been allowed to deteriorate. Now some, like myself, strong enough to indulge and resist all vices and used to facing life calmly, regardless of time and circumstances, are immune from such dangers. But you, being different, must be doing something, in order to be well. If I had my way about it, I would force work upon you.” It was gratifying to see Volodia show even so much concern in my welfare. But almost in the same breath he brought out, quite casually: “You can spit on all philosophies, mine as well as others.” We walked in silence. The sun drifted in and out among the MAX ROBIN 321 multitude of fluffy little clouds, and the shadows of the trees bordering the road kept appearing and disappearing on the deep, clean sand. We were expecting the whistle; and when it came, a hoarse, jarring screech, Volodia and I turned back. "Where do you keep yourself ?" I asked him. “Under the sky.” “I may come to you. It's lonesome, being alone." “Come,” he dropped indifferently, and left me with a nod. That entire day I was drooping, melancholy, in a state from which escape seemed impossible. At night I could not fall asleep. The moon, round and listless, stood far in the sky, and again and again, as I put my head out of the window, I was met by its cold, blank stare. A mysterious, dull silence hung in the air, a silence intensified by its own immensity. I held my breath; I listened; I listened persistently, expecting that out of this impenetrable, milky vastness something would break presently, break, snap, or scream out resonantly, relieving the night of its tenseness and void. But still the silence lay; it lay heavy, insupportable, crush- ing. And from the depths of the illumined endless space, a breath, like a drawn-out, inarticulate Ha-a-a— was being heaved upon me. I knew that I would not sleep; so dressing undecidedly, I tiptoed out of the house. Our town slumbered. The moon glared, abandoned and unseen. How near to oneself one is, walking alone in the stillness of a white night! Volodia had not yet gone to bed. From afar I recognized him, leaning in his full height against a pile of lumber; and I was given to taste all the delights of vindication in finding him thus out. It must have been at sight of me that he raised his arm, with a calculated, slow motion, and on drawing near I perceived the flare of a cigarette in his mouth. Volodia appeared inordinately tall, thoughtful. "Still up!" I greeted him. He did not at once answer. When he spoke, it was in a trifling tone. “You can't sleep out these nights,” he said. “Poets maybe could. For prosaic people like ourselves a roof is needed overhead.” It slipped from me, unguardedly: "What a night!" 322 UNCONQUERED “This!" I felt Volodia glaring upon me. “Rot!” he then ejaculated. "Really—” I attempted. “Oh, stop it!” he cut me short in indignation. “You are as sentimental as a girl!" He withdrew from the lumber-pile, and with an angry gesture threw away the cigarette. We confronted each other awkwardly. His head lifted, and I was charmed to see Volodia smile. “Do you play any instrument?” he asked. “You know—the mandoline.” “That's good,” he affirmed. "Why didn't you fetch it along? Music—well, there is sense in that.” Again the situation became embarrassing, with the silence, the moon, the brooding river and woods enhancing our embarrassment. "Well, for what are we going to stand here ?” asked Volodia. “Let us walk. The air is fresh-ah! And you will agree that we are hardly a pair.” He laughed. "Well, well, what's the difference, what's the difference?” He had delivered this last broadly, in the good-natured manner of the peasant. But always this unanswerable "What's the differ- ence!" An incurable scepticism—or what was it? “I think that it is time for us to retire,” he concluded abruptly. I believe he bowed—it must have been slightly; while I stood back and watched his vanishing form, listened to his rhythmic tread upon the sand. · So again he had failed to speak! He had succeeded in main- taining his rigidity. All praise to him for that! But I could no more regard Volodia as an enigma; although he was now more than ever a hero in my eyes. I had learned to know him. I had learned to “feel” him, as beast feels beast. I thought again that he had betrayed himself in moments when off guard, betrayed failings, weaknesses, common human weaknesses, which in him, as in all men, lay hidden not so deep beneath the skin. So I thought. And often, often, in my mind, Volodia appeared as a man who, very much uncertain of his ground, was, for safety's sake, trying to imitate someone; but just as his ground appeared uncertain, so was his emulation not entirely successful. And I had decided that he would not last long: that his frail hold on life, devoid III W Ore MAX ROBIN 323 of substantiality, would cease to sustain that unique individuality of his; and he would then have to give up. The prospects could only gratify me. I visualized Volodia subdued, crushed. Life, in its ruthlessness, would break this sturdy, inflexible man, as it had broken others of his kind in the past. For surely the world had known its Volodias. And none can be so original, so strong, as to flourish in defiance of life's grim laws. Such were the predictions which I forecast, and as such they gratified me. But the futility of predicting! The fallacy of attempting to generalize! I left Russia; left Russia and went to America. And in a short while, I was well established here. Doctors make themselves established everywhere. And, one day—picture my surprise !—a letter came to me from Volodia! Yes, Volodia! And what did he write? “Dear doctor. How many people did you kill, how many did you cure by now? Are you gaining weight fast, and do you still suffer from your fits of unhappiness? Poor doctor! As to the object of my writing, it is this. If you have any good money to throw away and wish to see my like in America, send for me, and like a bird in spring I shall fly to you. We shall take a peek at your little world there, and we shall then make up our mind as to our future activity. Well, what, doctor-yes or no?-we are waiting here." So this was Volodia—still in the air! And-a remarkable thing! I conceived a violent longing for the fellow. Here was I, submerged in my practice, absorbed, forgotten. Something- what?—had happened to me during this endless, tiresome process of living. Something—precious, beautiful, irreplaceable—had gone from me—a light, a hope, the gaiety and mirth of wellbeing. My vision, my outlook upon things, had been steadily narrowing, shrinking; I felt myself enveloped by a cloud, which was growing more dense, with my flashes of penetrability ever less frequent. Life was appearing more and more in the nature of a tragedy. I was alone, cringingly sensitive and in dread-in dread of a fearful naTTO 324 UNCONQUERED shadow menacing me. While there in Russia, he was still free, as I had known him. .... I determined at once to take Volodia out here. Let his spirit be crushed, even as mine was. Let life distort, subdue, vanquish him! I sent for him. And he came. Came to New York! What could be more improbable, more unimaginable, than Volodia in New York! Well, he was here. And—Volodia shocked me. He came—and with him his own peculiar spirit: the spirit of him whom I had met in Kiev, with whom I had been through that great spring wandering over the Ukraine and Crimea. Volodia had not changed. His rigidity, his poise, was still intact, his powers unimpaired; the scorn, the mockery, the contempt, the dignity, the curtness—it was all the same, unaffected, undiminished. He was tall, graceful, energetic, alert. He smiled, he grinned, he scowled and sneered. And his hat still danced on his head when he ate. A fierce pain-half joyous, half malicious—gripped me at sight of him. I felt my life gone; I felt shattered, resourceless, disillusioned, without any- thing to sustain me, without anything to strive for—with him before me still untouched by all that had taken place in the in- tervening years! • What did he do here? Nothing—of course! Volodia did not work. And to accept aid from me, he was as reluctant as in those days of the dimmed past. It was I, nevertheless, who kept him up; and in return the rogue never condescended to show me even the slightest gratitude. But who cared! I liked Volodia. Oh, how I liked him—after all, in spite of all! Why?-Yes, why? ... I would say to him: "Volodia Petrovich (his name stubbornly resisted being Amer- icanized) go ahead, live. Live on my account. I can't. I hadn't the necessary courage—or was it the strength that I lacked? But you can live. You must. You were made for that. Go ahead.” Volodia, laughing, would slap my back familiarly. And I wonder now whether my admiration of him was not really an admiration, as well as lamentation, in him for my own lost individ- uality—whatever I had possessed of that; a lamentation for my lost freedom, my lost life and youth and dreams. ... V . MAX ROBIN 325 It was not long before New York had exhausted itself for Volodia. And here he was, stranded in a foreign land. I was beginning to feel anxious about him. And he left me with my New York, where I had been now for a number of years, without once venturing out—and called this being in America! Here he would go through America, North, Central, South-all over. And he started. I had two cards from him, both from the Dakotas. He had come across some Russian organizations and had stopped with them for a while. Now he was heading further. He next wrote to me from Texas, about to cross into Mexico. No obstacles, no hindrances for Volodia. The world was every- where his home, everywhere accessible to him. He would see it all, go through it all, live all over it. It was the last I heard from Volodia. No—not the last. But I did not hear from him. I read of him. I saw his picture—saw him, Volodia Petrovich Shishkin- saw his face in the papers! And he was a hero! A hero! He had risked his life to rescue others, having saved five from drown- ing. Yes; he, that man, was a hero! And the world was writing of him, reading of him, praising him, who was so bitterly anti-social. And then I also met him. Volodia had arrived with his ship, aboard which he was a sailor. And he came and entered my doctor's office, unexpected and unannounced. But what a change I witnessed! Ah, Volodia had changed! And I hadn't the presence of mind to rejoice in what I should at once have regarded as my personal triumph. Volodia looked old, shrivelled, tired. Life had taken its toll after all; and I felt too sick at heart to rejoice. But soon it became apparent that I had no cause for rejoicing. Volodia had changed only in body, while in spirit he was still the Volodia Petrovich of old: a rover, a vagabond, a part of the immense, inconsistent and insoluble life and nature about. We spoke. We laughed. I said to him: "It has been my conviction that you hate humanity; and here, at the risk ” "Well, doctor, you are as ever a fool!” he broke ir, almost exultant. I waited, and he stood contemplating me, smiling. "You 326 UNCONQUERED e are a fool, and so is your humanity foolish, to ascribe to all of men's deeds one motive-love. Now remember: we save people, we destroy people, we struggle, hate, love, not out of any mystical love for humankind, but, simply, for our own enjoyment, for the sake of indulging our animal vanity and satisfaction. This is not all there is to the subject—but eh, what's the difference? ..." Still "What's the difference?'' The same Volodia; old now; but as ever the same. He was again leaving me. "Whither bound?” I asked him. “Oh, we'll take another trip,” answered Volodia. And he remained smiling. Why was he smiling? ... "Where are you going though, you old tramp?” I persisted, smiling with him. I felt like crying, and yet I managed to keep smiling. "About that we shall see," he remarked coolly. “But the end—the end! You are growing old—” "Old!” A tragic shadow flitted across Volodia's countenance. "And is it not natural to grow old ?” he demanded, at once recov- ering his habitual poise. “You don't expect me to grow younger? Really, now, doctor, you are not wise!” he declared emphatically, but with an amused air, which could not offend. “Consider. Here you have lived and I have lived. Two lives—true? Well, soon we shall both depart—and it won't matter much. I feel no regrets about the business. When my time comes, I shall probably betake myself out of people's way. I may then select an attractive spot under a tree, there stretch myself full length on my back, and expire, at peace with you, doctor, with myself, with this life which I believe I have lived my own way-at peace even with death! "What seems to matter—if anything does matter-is this: while living, who had gotten more out of life? Now, it's childish to compare, is it not, doctor? And it may portray me as growing somewhat conciliatory and aesthetic toward the end. Well, any- way-I, as you know, have run my designated course—I am be- coming a firm believer in the determinism of fate-I have run my designated course now full speed, now quite at leisure. And, if I must recite my past more fully, I shall state that I have tasted life in its full sweetness and bitterness, tasted it even in its taste- lessness. I have never been afraid to live. Is it not heroic? I MAX ROBIN 327 have squeezed the lemon dry of juice. And now, having been everywhere, having tried everything, I can't expect to find much more that is new either in myself or in others, nor for that matter in those luring places which many will for ever pine to see. At least the illusion which I have created for myself is such; and we can neither live nor die without some kind of illusion.” Volodia paused, glanced at me, dramatically, and concluded—“While you, doctor—" I stood fascinated-helpless-pervaded with the tragedy and regret which, his assertion to the contrary notwithstanding, seemed to be consuming this friendless, lonely man. Had life, then, sobered Volodia at last? Else why his loquacity, which in its essence seemed apologetic? ... Having checked himself, he now cried out, jocularly enough: "Am I not a fool! What difference does it all make-really!" I walked over and took Volodia's arm. I looked into his eyes, squinting mine. He laughed out. "Pitying me, eh!” he exclaimed. No, I wasn't pitying him. I just loved him, as one can pos- sibly love another. To throw myself upon him, to somehow bore my way into the man and feel the warmth of his blood, feel the human contact of that throbbing old heart of his. ... “Come,” I said, blushing. “Let us embrace—in the old Russian manner.” No, I did not feel Volodia's arm around my shoulder. He stood firm, unmoved. "Well, good-bye, doctor," he said. We shook hands, with my heart on springs. I was unable to bring out a word. Volodia went out. I stood gazing after him through the window. I stood long, long after he was gone, till I became conscious of a dense film over my eyes. And I then walked away. But my heart was a void, and I could no more be a doctor that day. ... And in spite of the dejection in which I was cast, it still appeared to me that life, for all its ruthlessness, had failed to bend this man. Volodia had gone his way unconquered. REMOTE BY ROBERT HILLYER The farthest country is Tierra del Fuego, That is the bleakest and the loneliest land; There are the echoing mountains of felspar, And salt winds walking the empty sand. This country remembers the birth of the moon From a rocky rib of the young earth's side; It heard the white-hot mountains bellow Against the march of the first flood tide. I lifted a shell by the glass-green breakers And heard what no man has heard before, The whisper of steam in the hot fern forest And slow feet crunching the ocean floor. I saw the slanted flash of a seagull When a sheaf of light poured over a cloud, I heard the wind in the stiff dune grasses, But I saw no sail and heard no shroud. To a promontory of Tierra del Fuego I climbed at noon and stretched my hand Toward another country, remoter and bleaker. NAGLE A DRAWING. BY EDWARD NAGLE PARIS LETTER September, 1925 I TE have in the International Exhibition of Decorative Arts now being held in Paris, an indication of greater indus- trial, financial, and aesthetic energy than has been evident in Europe since 1914; for France it is significant of effort to recover lost unity and traditions and to fix upon common principles which shall be lasting. Has such an end been attained? With the whole rest of the world, at the beginning of the nine- teenth century, France lost her aesthetic tradition. Towards 1900. international rivalry was resumed in the field of industrial art. France found herself handicapped by an outmoded teaching method and mechanistic equipment and a past so sumptuous and so rich that she was doomed to purvey to the whole world, replicas of old models which were in modern life mere anachronisms. In the beginning, in the time of William Morris, the English; then about 1895 under Munich impulse, the Germans; finally, in the neighbourhood of 1910, the Russians took the lead. The great hiatus of 1914-1918 had unsettled everything. After- wards there was nothing; such anarchy, such a burst of individual experiments, that a general inventory was necessary, a kind of universal Olympic meet of the Decorative Arts, to determine whether or no the modernism of our age would come out, intact. Let us look at the results. As for architecture, its pre-eminence over the other arts is so self-evident that someone objects to the exhibition, calling it an exhibition of Architecture rather than one of Decorative Arts. And so it is. Building conditions due to the high cost of labour account for the fact that to avoid extinction the architects have taken things into their own hands with rather questionable results. The large entrance doors are on the whole mediocre, the actual mate- rials poor and temporary; as for the new materials used, rein- forced cement and its modifications are most conspicuous. The United States, Germany, Italy-nearly all other countries have T me 330 PARIS LETTER been using them, and France is merely making up for lost time. There are some structures unique in their daring, like those fur- naces which adorn the entrance to the Place de la Concorde which have no connexion with the Exhibition; also imitations of iron- work in painted plaster. The great towers of the Wines of France, by Plumet, are more successful from either side of the Invalides. I like best the Tourist Pavilion, with stylizations of aeroplane designs and steamer corridors, by the architect Mallet-Stevens. The theatre and the Salle des Fêtes by Jaulmes with its immense stairway inside the Grand Palace are a success. But the decora- tion of the Pont Alexandre, embellished with shops, a kind of modern Ponte Vecchio, is, everyone agrees, a failure. The theatre by Messieurs Granet and Perret makes possible the simultaneous use of three scenes, a dramatic feat of which the Russians and the Germans have for twenty years been master and which cannot be regarded as an innovation. The French Village, in which the various districts of France are represented by a pavilion, is surely mediocre. The cemetery, alas, is here overly insistent as in life itself. The Church with the lovely designs by Maurice Denis and by Deval, is beautiful. But the peasant Inns, the trades-buildings, are comic-opera scenery. The colonial buildings, of French Asia and Africa, are good, but are a repetition of what we have already seen at the Colonial Exhibition of Marseilles in 1923. I must, however, say in this connexion that the use of colonial subjects and an adapting of indigenous styles to the styles of the metropolis, place at the dis- posal of modern French art, resources of which it has not failed to make use. Among the foreign pavilions I like Denmark's best—a sort of cube of bicoloured bricks with glass inserts, resulting in a power- ful and sombre effect; Czecho-Slovakia's, Austria's, and Poland's, are covered with tiles of deliciously acute Chinese vermilion. The pavilion of the Soviets is a pleasing abstraction, but its boldness is perhaps without import inasmuch as it is almost the only build- ing which the U. S. S. R. has produced since the revolution of 1917. The palm for ugliness must be awarded to the English pavilion, which breaks every record including that of pretentious- ness, a fault which is after all so rare among the English. As for the Italian pavilion, it is modern in the manner of the fifth century B. C. ire 2 PAUL MORAND 331 I must call attention to the very good treatment of gardens and floral decorations, for the most part erected over nothing. The credit must be given to a great French artist, M Forestier, commissioner of the Bois de Boulogne, who ought to be called the Le Nôtre of 1925 and to whom one already owes the restoring of such cities as Barcelona and Seville, whose parks he created. The national French Sèvres factory's showing makes one, alas, regret that the French Government continues to subsidize enter- prises which, with the Gobelins, are conservatories of ugliness and should again be put in the hands of private persons. The best thing, though quite monotonous, is the display of minor arts, that is to say the decorative arts proper. Magnificent marbles. A gallery made from specimens of all the marbles of France and her colonies, is an absolute wonder. Lalique's art is confirmed as that of the greatest living glass worker. His luminous foun- tain ornamented with fish, his dining-room all in glass, are un- forgettable. Ruhlmann's experiments in furniture, rugs, and the goldsmith's art, those of Sue and Thare who present us with a modern embassy, Francis Jordain in the cheap peasant style, are of first merit. The Austrian section with its glass works; the art of propaganda and the poster in which, as is known, the Soviets are past masters; and the Polish decorative arts—are remarkable. Finally as to the results. Does the Modern Style emerge from all this miscellany? No. We are present at a fair of samples, diverse, without unity. No harmony, aesthetic or supra-aesthetic- that is to say moral—is manifest. Continually one is arrested and fascinated by individual finds which are only disappointing in the absence of total effect. Therefore it is not the directors who are responsible, but the age. We have wanted to be modern at any price, as we tried to be in the Exhibition of 1900. (Everyone knows what remains of and what we think now of the style of 1900.) In art, the will is not everything; it is almost nothing. They decided that there was to be an exhibition of decorative arts: then they set out to find it. To tell the truth, there is none. In France no more than abroad. Of course the non-participation of the United States, and Germany's not being represented, impair and greatly weaken any final judgement proffered. I cannot speak for the United States, but for Germany I can say that nothing of importance is to be noted. The whole world believed, about 1905, that modernism was definitely going to be launched by Germany. 332 PARIS LETTER Far from it; the impulse ceased and the war definitely crushed it. And the philosophy to be derived from the Exhibition is not com- forting. To a public soon tired of everything, are proffered auda- cious, very intelligent abstractions, assisted by new materials but too hasty, not studied enough—already outmoded even be- fore they have been completed. To have a style of its own, a period must have an inner harmony, as the Greeks had, a faith such as animated the builders of Cathedrals, a doctrine of world politics like that of France in the time of Louis XIV-in a word, an ideal. But what can one expect from the world of 1925, which is nothing but chaos, a cosmos in transition, impatient for the morrow, divided between sterile regret and the fever for destruc- tion? There certainly is here no modern European style. This is the only lesson to be learned from the Exhibition. Paris must be thanked, however, for maintaining its rôle of clearing house for contemporary ideas, and for having allowed us once more to find a stopping place before setting out again in search of uncer- tainty vaguer than any we have known before. Paul MORAND HEINRICH MANN. BY WILLI GEIGER GERMAN LETTER September, 1925 T AM sorry to give The DIAL occasion to complain that its 1 German contributor has been remiss. Since I last had the honour of reporting upon matters of cultural interest here, more months have passed than an intentionally thoughtful reserve would necessitate. I beg the indulgence of my readers, overwhelmed as I have been, with present obligations. Your correspondent has also been travelling more than is propitious to serious writing- partly for pleasure and instruction; partly (as a delegate to Flor- ence and Vienna for instance) in the interest of that highly im- portant matter, general European intellectual association and intercourse. As for Florence, I need speak merely of an International Kultur- woche, the notable feature of which was an exhibition of beautiful books from Italy, England, France, and Germany, shown in sepa- rate national pavilions. A noble contest of craftsmanship in which supreme works of the imagination have here a technically appro- priate complement. My country, it may be said, honourably held its own. All our important publishing houses exerted themselves to display their best and most precious work—to outdo themselves in the matter of fine printing and well tooled, whole sets. Indeed, in our section there were so many examples of sound tasteless conservative than the French and English, yet by a safe margin avoiding eccentricity—that other countries seemed inclined to give German bookmaking, the prize. In connexion with the exhibition, moreover, there were lectures which happily attracted not only the various national colonies, but Italians as well. Your correspondent was honouringly placed in competition with a notable scientist and speaker of high attainments, the famous philologist and translator of ancient tragedies, His Excellency von Willamowitz-Möllendorf. Turning to Vienna—I was there, a guest of the P. E. N. Club, as I had been a year before, its guest in London. In London, John Galsworthy is at the head of this organization; in Vienna it is presided over by Arthur Schnitzler, whose name is so well known to American readers. I had the good fortune at table, to be placed 334 GERMAN LETTER next to this delightful person and extraordinary artist; while simul- taneously, as representative of its German branch, my brother Heinrich was attending the international congress of the Club in Paris. Apropos of this, the Berlin organization had not been sure that the international situation justified the sending of delegates to Paris. There was active opposition, in counteracting which your correspondent may boast of having had a part. The result was most fortunate: not only was vigorously spontaneous applause accorded Heinrich Mann's address—which this student of Stendhal and Zola was courteous enough to deliver in French—but a choice was made by a large majority, of Berlin as the meeting-place of the next congress, despite the Belgian plea for Brussels. This was a friendly requital, and we are hoping that the French speaker in our capital will decide to speak in German. By reason of significant newly published work, Arthur Schnitzler and Heinrich Mann are at the moment, again prominent in the literary world. The English translation of Fräulein Else is, I suppose, already in progress; if not, it ought to be begun with- out delay. Undoubtedly abroad, the story will be found as divert- ing and engrossing as it is here. In his sixties, its author writes with an intensive concentration which puts to shame a whole generation whose acknowledged ambition runs in the same channel. Dispensing with all customary narrative methods and comprising little more than a hundred pages, his new work is a kind of monodrama. It presents no more than the inner life of a young girl who, suffering a profound psychic shock in the ex- cruciating conflict between her purity and an immoral, covetous environment, kills herself with veronal. The setting is a sophis- ticated health resort in the mountains; and everything objective, an entire picture of society, is reflected merely in the continuous inner monologue of the heroine. Schnitzler's handling of this shows him to be more the dramatist when he writes fiction than others are when they turn to the drama. Fräulein Else is one of the greatest literary triumphs of recent years. A contrast to Schnitzler's moral intimacy, Heinrich Mann's new novel, Der Kopf, discloses a wide historical and political pano- rama. It is the work of many years, a work rich in character and plot—and is withal only the third part although a totally separate and independent part, of an epic trilogy which bears the general na. lew THOMAS MANN 335 CC title, The Empire: Novels of German Society in the Times of William II, the other two volumes being the world-famous Unter- tan (novel of the bourgeoisie, published in English as The Patrioteer); and Die Armen (novel of the proletariate). This new volume is the novel of the leaders, and my judgement is free from personal bias when I say that it marks by far the highest point in this series of social criticisms; further, it belongs among the strongest and most beautiful attainments of this brilliant and, in the best sense of the word, sensational author, ranking in my mind with his masterpieces Die Kleine Stadt and Professor Unrat. Of all German writers, Heinrich Mann is the most social-minded, a man whose interests are social and political to an extent which, while not unusual in Western-European, and especially Latin, countries, is unheard-of among us (although, thanks to the heavy blows of fortune which have befallen us, it is now very timely). The rest of us are closest to metaphysical, moral, and pedagogic motives and problems—those in short which concern the inner man: the novel of growth, education, confession, has always been the particular German variety of this species of art. This author's development is almost without parallel; and, when such artistic brilliance is taken into account, it is without parallel: from the beginning, the moral element in him manifested itself not as "inner- worldly askesis” (to borrow a term from religious philosophy) but as political and socio-critical expansion. It was he who, while we still lived in splendour, suffered most deeply from the basic stag- nation of our political life; and, in literary manifestos the ful- minant injustice of which sprang from a higher justice, he dragged our leaders into the forum of the intellect. At the end of that novel in which he savagely caricatures the German "Patrioteer," he prophesied symbolically the collapse of imperial Germany. And he tells us now, in a free artistic rearrangement, the story of this decline-tells it is a prose work which is neither more nor less than a German counterpart of La Débâcle. It is a book written in his fifty-fourth year, by a man who has ripened and mellowed. It is far removed in temper from the biting satire of its predecessors, fairer in every way, and penetrated with human warmth. The particular genius of this author consists in his so allowing the poetic and the human to grow out of the social, that they gain from it, weight and significance; while correspond- ingly, it gains from them, increased depth and poetic feeling. The 1 man 336 GERMAN LETTER metamorphosis of individual destiny into the tragedy of the times— and simultaneously with the transition of the novel from pro- vincial intimacy into subjects broadly European—the heightened pathos and heightened artistic instrumentation, are magnificent. I regret that I have not space in which to give a real analysis and description of this extraordinary book; but I do truly hope that an interest in it need not be restricted to the country of its origin. The most accomplished thing in it is the story of the friendship of two men whose interlocking destinies are infected with the melancholy of contradictory ideas and of human shortcomings. A few brilliant scenes are devoted to William II himself—in which the hysteria and perilous half-genius of this puffed-up and lamentable sovereign are perfectly depicted. They take place in the house of Prince Lana, a character which, based more or less upon Prince von Bülow, becomes the most significant figure of the book, partly by reason of his shrewdness and hard-headedness, partly by reason of a flaccid concessiveness which makes him in the last analysis unable really, to come to grips with evil. Whatever one may think in the abstract of an aesthetic hierarchy, the novel is that literary art-form in which the plastic and the critical, the imaginative and the practical, the "naïve” and the "sentimental" elements interpenetrate each other in the easiest and happiest manner. No wonder that in these times of turbulence and spiritual impoverishment the prose epic has become the really modern, prevailing form of literary self-expression—even in Ger- many, where theoretically and thanks to the propaganda of two imposing and triumphant theatrical geniuses (Schiller and Wag- ner) the drama had passed until recently for the leading literary art. As a result of all the mental upheavals, all the social and moral reverses to which we have been exposed, the novelist can now occupy among us, a position which until a short time ago, was reserved for the dramatist alone. When, before the war, I anticipated and described in Death in Venice, national great- ness on the part of a prose writer, it was pointed out to me that my concept was not plausible, since in Germany the novelist, the "poet's half-brother” as Schiller puts it, could never enjoy a posi- tion of honour such as I have ascribed to Gustav von Aschenbach. To-day this possibility has become a reality—the concomitant of 1 Published in The Dial in March, April, and May, 1924. 00 THOMAS MANN 337 a democracy which, though undesired and unrecognized-never- theless exists. The novel predominates—even the mere produc- tion in this field easily surpassing in importance, that of the drama. In its concept and effect, no contemporary theatrical production can be compared with a novel like Der Kopf—and I venture to name also its brother-piece, Der Zauberberg—or with the great books of Alfred Döblin, which last I reproach myself for not having mentioned here. Publishers have by no means overlooked this turn of events. They are exploring the past in order to satisfy fully the demands of the times and to complete the triumph of the epic. Balzac's complete works, in several translations, are going through one edition after another. A series of books is now appearing, of which I should particularly like to speak. It is entitled Epikon, A Collec- tion of Classical Novels, and comprises thirty works of world literature, a true epic pantheon in which the publisher, Paul List in Leipzig, "wishes to include everything great and enduring in human experience, which has been embodied during the last hun- dred years, in the literature of the novel.” The selection, made by a young Austrian poet, E. A. Reinhardt, is excellent. Among Ger- man authors, we have Immermann, Jean Paul, Goethe, Keller, and Stifter; among English authors, Meredith, Dickens, Thack- eray, Fielding, and Defoe. We have Stendhal, Balzac, Flaubert, and Victor Hugo; Turgenev, Tolstoy, Gogol, and Goncharov; the Italian authors, Manzoni and Fogazzaro; nor have Don Quixote, Nils Lyne, and the immortal Ulenspiegel of De Coster been omitted. The translators have been carefully chosen and their work is extraordinary. Writers of the distinction of Gerhart Hauptmann, Hermann Hesse, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Rudolf Kassner, Count Hermann Keyserling, Heinrich Mann, Rudolf Borchardt, and Jacob Wassermann have added their support to the plan by providing individual comments to precede or follow the various works. Your correspondent himself was given the disconcerting yet inspiriting task of writing the introduction to Goethe's Die Wahlverwandtschaften—and he speaks of it with a personal satisfaction which is not, however, without its imper- sonal justification. Also, this collection may be recommended to foreigners. It is a beautiful monument—this survey of the world's literature-after Goethe's own heart. The format is simple and Inn 338 GERMAN LETTER distinguished; the books are bound in flexible linen which was obtained through a special competition, and are printed in beautiful Roman type on glazed paper thin enough for a work of a thousand or more pages to be compressed into one handy volume. In closing, I should like to speak briefly of a publication, as curious as it is impressive, which might have some interest for Americans. For some time I have been guarding a treasure: it is a veritable copy of the score of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde! It was given to me on my birthday; daily I do it reverence. I will not say it is the one genuine original score of this highly devel- oped opera—for that is in Bayreuth. But, in a magnificent bind- ing, contrived with the aid of the most refined technique, it is so perfect a facsimile of Wagner's minute-colossal manuscript that one needs no imagination to accept without effort, its authenticity and originality and to feel himself bewilderingly in the possession of something holy. These scattered groups of precise Gothic notes signify something ultimate, supreme, profoundly precious—some- thing to which Nietzsche bade for us a final farewell, a farewell until death: they signify a world which, for reasons of conscience, we Germans of the present are forbidden to love over much. This is the pinnacle, the consummation, of romanticism, its fur- thest artistic expansion, the imperialism of a world-conquering oblivion-of an intoxicating self-annihilation. And all of this is uncongenial to the soul of Europe which, if it is to be saved to life and reason, requires some hard work and some of that self-conquest which Nietzsche upheld with heroism and exemplariness. Never, to those at least who were born to love that world which the younger men hardly know-has the contrast between aesthetic charm and ethical responsibility been greater than to-day. Let us acknowledge it as the source of irony! A love of life defends itself ironically against the fascination of death; but in art it is uncertain whether an irony which turns against life and virtue and knows how to treasure the allurements of forbidden love is not indeed a more religious thing. And so it happens, that we in our work-room, have formally made of the facsimile of the original score of Tristan, a melancholy and ironic cult. The Drei-Masken-Verlag in Munich is the publisher of these remarkable editions. A reproduction of the Meistersinger manu- script preceded Tristan, and a Parsifal is soon to follow. Thomas MANN BOOK REVIEWS A PAGAN CHORALE THE HERETIC OF SOANA. By Gerhart Hauptmann. Translated by Bayard Quincy Morgan. B. W. Huebsch. $1.50. ITAUPTMANN—the Ibsenist, the Zolaist, the psychologist- 11 lover of man-is also a Nietzschean and a great lyric pagan. The two latter have joined minds, in The Heretic of Soana, to write in a great round hand what might seem to be a foot-note to Der Anti-Christ, or a tremendous hymn to Pan. It is both and neither. Hauptmann, by what may be rather provident use of a familiar narrative device, has made it simply the autobiography of the heretic's heart, and a Novelle of force and charm, which has been competently rendered by the translator. One can hardly recollect the psychology of the Fall more ably studied in brief compass than in this tale of Francesco Vela, some- time priest, all but saint of Monte Generoso. It is a series of pictures of a man's heart, each melting imperceptibly into the other; and thus a development of that novel actualistic psychology which Hauptmann was studying in Before Dawn, The Weavers, and Rose Bernd, and for which he has been blamed as a weakener of dramatic technique. The kernel of the method lies less in the thoroughness with which it dredges up each detail—however trivial, however squalid, if only pertinent—than in the effort to reach vraisemblance by presenting the facts of a psychological situation as gradually as they would be presented by life itself. This method has been denounced as too snail-like for drama, though there seems to have been little question of its potency in The Weavers. In the present story it is velvety and inimitable. The intensification is accomplished with such skill that although Francesco Vela begins as a delicately cultivated young man, of the most genuine priestly promise, and ends as utmost anathema, each slope of his decline has a curious stealth, it so little increases the gradient of that above. ers 340 A PAGAN CHORALE . 0 He comes upon his destiny in the noblest of business: the de- feating hell of souls. It is characteristic of the stealing subtlety of the story that the young man is far gone upon the journey to a wild conclusion, before his undertaking ceases for him, to wear the fine smile of altruism, or justly to merit the blessings of holy church. Such were the arts of the then devil that, even when the young priest began to feel the sweet philtres of passion working in him, and vehemently prayed to be delivered from the fluent sorcery that set his blood-beats racing, and when he confessed the state of his feelings with literal exactness to his churchly superiors, he not only was freely absolved by these smiling, somnolent fathers, but received their command to proceed with what still seemed to them to be but the high and holy, though sorely beset, ransoming of souls. His prayers at first were for deliverance and purification, but not for long. There gradually slips into them a beseeching cry that the Holy Mother forgive, understand-approve. Once he thought of asking that his spiritual fathers send another priest, but the idea gained no ground. And imperceptibly we are made to know that had they really taken alarm from his later confessions and turned his mission over to another, the result upon his feelings would have but hurried the inevitable. The pagan undersong which soon seizes and possesses the tale begins even before the telling. In the short prelude, before the actual story of Francesco has commenced, the author has inter- views with the mountain heretic, Ludovico, and notices the expert care he takes in the procreation of his flocks, and his antique joy in the sturdiness and the fine, flashing, devilish eyes of his buck goats. The tale has its first motion in Francesco's initial journey up the mountain to the stone hut of the wretched and iniquitous goatherds, the Scarabotas. Even before he has left the village, our attention is pointed to certain marble sarcophagi in the village square, into which a mountain stream pours, and where the village wives and girls carry their washing. These sarcophagi are but pointed out on his first journey. On the second we learn that their marble bas-reliefs display a procession of frantic maenads and contortive satyrs, and the tigers and chariot of Dionysus. Such hints would amount to nothing if the theme of passion did not promptly come to the surface to seize and be seized; to be elab- vals. CHARLES K. TRUEBLOOD 341 orated in great eager lover phrases by the author's lyricism and his exquisite sense of beauty. We are soon impressed by the universal implications of the story; and the vast scene of it seems to become an echoing chamber for the thrill and resonance of the words. It is set among mountains, which we soon know he loves more than anything else in nature. It is set too, amid the leafy glory and ebullience of spring, which few are better able than he to render. So, one by one, perhaps in spite of himself, he pulls out the stops upon an irresistible pagan diapason. The chords that are melted into this magnificence are without number, and are both heroic and exquisite. They range from the charm of immense landscape, of snowy peaks and battlements, and the majestic sky-circling of the fisher-hawks, to the vivid sleeping blue in the flowers of the mountain gentian. They vary from the dull thunder of the spring avalanches, and the sounding waterfalls, to the hum of bees about the shrines of the Virgin, the eloquence of birds, and the splendid soft singing of Agata, the mountain shepherd Eve, for whom the priest of God forswore his vows, and was driven with stones from his parish, and became a shepherd Adam. One wonders if so much lover's gold does not make the tale somewhat more pagan than the author intended. However, if the song of songs come up in the throat it will be sung. So perhaps the great lover in Hauptmann-who could not see his eternal pair go down to darkness and the end, after their mountain Eden—played into the hands of the Nietzschean in him. And the latter turned the frail priest, Francesco, into that determined heretic who, in the prelude to the tale, gave his name as Ludo- vico; who firmly cherished his hardy and lovely Eve; who was, into the bargain, a thorough-paced Zarathustran, genuinely caring nothing for the chattering curses of his fellows. CHARLES K. TRUEBLOOD TO BE BAROQUE Southern Baroque Art. By Sacheverell Sitwell. 12m0. 319 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $6. UTHERN e C IT took Mr Sacheverell Sitwell two and a half years to write This treatise on Southern Baroque Art, and it took me two and a half weeks to read it. The reading was as difficult as the writ- ing. Some people, many people, will find it impossible; so in- volved and self-conscious is the style; and this is all the more odd in that the writer has evidently meant to put himself and the reader into baroque moods. Now baroque art itself is a thing you may like or dislike, according to your taste, but with all its complexities it makes no great strain upon the mind; and when Mr Sitwell, who is clever enough, fails himself to be baroque, it suggests that the fears of those critics who hold that the times have become again altogether rococo are slightly premature. Or it may mean simply that not everyone can be baroque in a baroque period. My sense of frustration began not only with the first chapter, but with the very first words. “Six o'clock in the morning and already the heat of Naples was such that it required confidence to believe in any hours of darkness. Most of the houses were still latticing the light with barred shutters, and as, one by one, the windows were thrown back, so that the shutters threw their shadows on the wall, the very strings of this fluttering music were visible, lying there as plain as anything for skilled fingers.” Smart and irrelevant phrases that scarcely repay the pains of decipherment, for they lead to nothing. There follows a glimpse of a fountain in a public square "playing with molten, malleable stone” that suggests the Marco Polo fountain that played with force enough to balance a metal ball three feet above its brim; and several pages further there is mention of Solimena working on his fresco of the Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, and one gathers that it was for him that the heat of Naples at six a.m. was evoked, but one is not quite sure. One is not sure of anything. The “he's" and "which's" are so reckless that one e were 1 as HENRY MCBRIDE 343 is obliged to turn back constantly to reread whether it be Solimena or Marco Polo that is intended; and one is not even sure of one's Naples, for Solimena is no sooner introduced than abandoned, and the amazed reader finds himself confronting the Certosa of Bagheria in Sicily and the amusing it is true) villa of the strange Prince Palagonia. All this hints that the author has been unwilling to sacrifice any of the notes he compiled during his two and a half arduous years of research and which are lugged in à tout propos. The chapter works up by way of peroration to a description of a grand open-air concert given at Caserta, we are back in Naples ere this, during the residence there of Ferdinand I and IV. The festival is indicated for the most part by a fanciful transcript from a set of Domenico Tiepolo's frescos, helped out with a few facts. One gets all the effect of the pseudo- Louis Quatorze touch in the life at Caserta without, however, being entertained much. The unwieldy preparation for the scene lends its clumsiness to the scene itself. The picture is undoubtedly the most complicated in recent literature; and also the most futile. If this were all there were to be said it would not be worth saying, since there is no use and little pleasure in damning a book which is so dangerously likely to damn itself. But in the middle of the volume Mr Sitwell reforms and becomes readable with a really pleasing version of the cure of the Spanish Philip V's melancholia by the singing of Farinelli, the most famous of eighteenth-century castrati; and finally puts us under genuine obligation by an account of Mexico's baroque architecture that is vivid enough to start a furore among the more northern Ameri- cans of taste. We are continually being waked up in this fashion by Europeans discovering us and our environs, before we discover ourselves and them; and in this case the essay upon Mexico is so alluring that it would not surprise one in the least to see it issued shortly as a separate booklet by the Mexican Government for purposes of propagandism. Mexico is always for us one of those things we are going to do, but which we never do do, and now here it is very well done indeed by an Englishman. Not only the ravishing architecture itself, but living glimpses of the mys- terious architects, Tresguerras and Gutierrez, who so quietly accomplished what the vast wealth of our mid-western cities seems powerless to achieve! To be sure, for the life down there, Mr Sit- 344 TO BE BAROQUE well had the captivating diary of the famous Madame de la Barca to draw upon, but most would-be tourists, seduced by that tale, have always been deterred by the idea that everything she extolled has long since been destroyed in the wars. Certainly the mediaeval system by which a gentleman-traveller lodged at the house of any other gentleman (and beautifully) must have van- ished years ago. Mr Sitwell remains silent upon the subject of hotel accommodation; but, gracious heaven, the enthusiasm he invokes for Mexico is such that even gourmets will put their passions aside and book passages south instanter. The pleasure the undersigned took in this reading led me to hope that I had gradually become accustomed to the author's peculiar style and that perhaps the two early divisions of the book were better than I had supposed. No, on trying them over, I found them too tortured. I advise all lovers of the baroque to hurdle these formidable barriers and begin resolutely in the middle. Then, like myself, they must decide to give the volume permanent shelf room, since there are, after all, many valuable nuggets re- lating to Luca Giordano, Churriquerra, and Zarcillo the sculptor, embedded in these unlikely ores. Henry McBRIDE 1 "LITERATURE, THE NOBLEST OF THE ARTS” THE COLLECTED ESSAYS AND PAPERS OF GEORGE SAINTSBURY, 1875-1920. 3 Volumes. 1174 pages. E. P. Dutton and Company. $12.50. ries a M- THROUGHOUT these essays and papers, two of which have I never before been printed, certain idiosyncrasies assert them- selves. Inescapably apparent is “the old gay pugnacity' of one not thus far “disabled,” as a corollary to which, we have an im- penitent Toryism so opposed in every nerve to “the washy semi- Socialism, half sentimental, half servile, which is the governing spirit of all but a few politicians to-day,” that it would seem in its own right at all events, to exemplify "that single-hearted and single-minded insanity of genius which carries a movement com- pletely to its goal.” In the expert and so humorous biographical summaries, and paraphrases of plot, in the statement that the Cyropaedia “is a philosophical romance for which its author has chosen to borrow a historic name or two,” in the critic's understanding of "the very important division of human sentiment, which is called for short- ness love,” we feel the ardour of the novelist. We feel the in- stinctiveness of experienced criticism when he exclaims, upon read- ing that Dickens' Agnes “is perhaps the most charming character in the whole range of fiction,” “Agnes! No decent violence of expletive, no reasonable artifice of typography, could express the depths of my feelings at such a suggestion”; and the relish for life which results in the projecting of it, is nowhere more engag- ingly apparent than in the elaborating of the Ettrick Shepherd's statement that “A' contributors are in a manner fierce.” “The contributor who is not allowed to contribute,” says Mr Saintsbury, "is fierce, as a matter of course; but not less fierce is the contributor who thinks himself too much edited, and the contributor who im- peratively insists that his article on Chinese metaphysics shall go in at once, and the contributor who, being an excellent hand at the currency, wants to be allowed to write on dancing; and, in short, as the Shepherd says, all contributors." 346 "LITERATURE, THE NOBLEST OF THE ARTS” It is the author's firm conviction that “the greatest part, if not the whole of the pleasure-giving appeal of poetry lies in its sound rather than in its sense”—that "no ‘chain of extremely valuable thoughts' is poetry in itself.” Objections occur to one, and one receives accordingly with satisfaction the comment upon Matthew Arnold: "I cannot quite make out why the critic did not say to the poet, 'It will never do to publish verse like this and this and this and this,' or why the poet did not say to the critic, 'Then we will make it worth publishing,' and proceed to do so.” Despite trifling divagations from impartiality contained in an appeal to "any fit reader,” to “any competent judge,” to “any tolerably intelligent critic,” one cannot but be lessoned and ex- hilarated in these papers, by the beneficent presence of equity as of law; equity being nowhere more apparent than in the statement "that it will be only in a way for [a man's] greater glory if you find out where and wherefore he is sometimes wrong.” Essentially a thoughtful person” in the desire to give facts without violating the sanctity of private life,” Mr Saintsbury admits that he "may have 'most politely, most politely made some authors uncom- fortable,” but reminds one that in reviewing, “Stiletto and pole- axe, sandbag and scavenger-shovel are barred”-that one "can administer sequins as well as lashes, and send a man to ride round the town in royal apparel as well as despatch him to the gallows." We are aware of the writer's contempt for “twentieth hand learning"-of a voracity that has "grappled with whole libraries." "I have seen disdainful remarks,” says Mr Saintsbury "on those critics who, however warily, admire a considerable number of authors, as though they were coarse and omnivorous persons. ... A man need not be a Don Juan of letters to have a list of almost mille e tre loves in that department.” His impassioned absorption in the particular phase of genius which he is pleased to contem- plate, appears in his refulgent terminology; as when he says Macaulay was thought to be "not only 'cocksure' but cock-a-hoop" and that "the average mid-century Liberal” regarded Carlyle as "a man whose dearest delight it was to gore and toss and trample the sweetest and most sacred principles of the Manchester School.” He recalls to us, "the massive common sense and nervous diction” of Dryden whom he denominates “a poetical schoolman”; “the ex- traordinary command of metre which led Swinburne to plan sea- MARIANNE MOORE 347 row snes serpents in verse in order to show how easily and gracefully he can make them coil and uncoil their enormous length"; and admir- ing Trollope's "economy and yet opulence of material,” says of Mr Scarborough's Family, “If you have any sense of the particular art you can't help feeling the skill with which the artist wheels you along till he feels inclined to turn you out of his barrow and then deposits you at his if not your destination.” It would be “some task” as Mr Saintsbury "says the Americans say,” to correct the speech of those who make our speech correct, but the "Heaven knows” of the British littérateur-of Mr Saints- bury, indeed—does seem to the untutored American, a superlative upon that which is complete. “With the imperiousness natural to all art,” however, "style absolutely refuses to avail itself of, or to be found in company with anything that is ready made,” and it is not surprising that in the work of one who has written a History of English Prose Rhythm, we should have "style”—a style, more- over, in which there should often be “a perfection of expression which transmutes the subject.” Mr Saintsbury's concept of style as the incarnation of thought is conspicuous in his presentation of the work of others; as when he says, “There is no wing in Crabbe, there is no transport.” Critics dare not, for the most part, exact excellences, standing themselves conspicuously in need of such. In these essays, however, dissatisfaction is offset by opulence; there is in them, abundance of “wing," grace being lent it very obviously by traces of an admiration for the Bible, for Cicero, for the seven- teenth century, and for the engaging idiom of the Gaul.” Of Carlyle's Sterling, says Mr Saintsbury, "I have seldom been able to begin it again or even to consult it for a casual reference, without following it right through.” Space is lacking in which to name the essays in these volumes, of which one can speak with similar conviction. But if one were to begin, it would be with the essay on Lockhart, or that entitled Some Great Biographies, fol- lowed by those on the grand style, by those on Macaulay, and by Bolshevism in its Cradle—The Life and Opinions of William Godwin. MARIANNE MOORE A MENDICANT OF SORROW THE STORY OF A Novel and Other Stories. By Maxim Gorky. Translated by Marie Zakrevsky. 12mo. 273 pages. Lincoln MacVeagh: The Dial Press. $2.50. TIKE an inspired vagrant journeying through the country-side U peering with sad, quick, understanding eyes into the se- crets of each new soul he encounters, Maxim Gorki translates for us in tough and luminous prose the story of his wayfaring. When one recalls the oppression and poverty of his early years, his recurring ill health, the endless quarrels which eddied about his exposed nerves like blustering gales about a house with shattered casements, one marvels that so sensitive and desperate a nature should ever have survived at all; and still more how it came to develop a style as potent and punctual as a midday sun recumbent on a field of ripe wheat, and at the same time as haunting as the notes of an old song drifting back to us from some fishing boat on the stream of the Volga. Maxim Gorki is surely an example, if there ever was one, of the fact that writers are born and not made. His similes fall as swiftly and lightly, as naturally indeed, from his pen as rain drops shaken from the wet leaves of an ailanthus tree, rain drops which wash away the dust and stains on the city pavements leaving the granite surface firm and immaculate. Less subtly cerebral, perhaps, than Chekhov, less massive than Tolstoy, less morbidly probing in his inquests of the soul than Dostoevsky, he yet, like these three great masters of a common heritage, is able to portray tenderness without sentimentality, bit. terness without cynicism, and simplicity which is as complicated, as unfathomable, as the alchemy from which springs the first April flower. The Story of a Novel is a collection of five short stories; and if there are not among these narratives any which seem to the present reviewer to reach quite the height of rounded perfection of one or two of his earlier tales, notably Twenty-six of Us and One Other, still every page demonstrates the fact that they are written by a man of letters whose power in his fifty-sixth year is quite as ALYSE GREGORY 349 vigorous as it ever was, and whose sophistication has ripened with time. We are reminded in his tale, An Incident, of The Death of Ivan Ilyitch, for both stories depict the encroachment of mortality upon victims sensible of their fate, and the bitter revolt which this enemy arouses in the souls of the sufferers. But of the two treatments Tolstoy's is the more powerful, for he does not permit himself to be turned aside from his major theme into those meta- physical and sociological speculations so beloved by Russians. One follows step by step with fascinated dismay and overwhelming belief the futile resistance of Ivan Ilyitch, up to the very last in- flexible word on the page, while An Incident lacks focus and con- trol, and when it comes off, as it does, with a sudden snap in the end, it leaves one still uncertain and unconvinced. Yet within its small compass this story contains all that is most characteristic of Russian writing: intellectual fervour, the hesitant advance and retreat of the soul in fright, brooding suspicion, passionate interest in ideas, frustration, and vibrating through all, the sense of an inevitable and tragic doom. Perhaps none of these short stories can be classified with either of the two great opposing schools of short story writing of which de Maupassant and Chekhov are the masters. They seem rather to fall between these two patterns, for they are often dramatic as de Maupassant is dramatic, yet they lack the lucid control of the Frenchman, nor are they limited as his sometimes are by an artfully contracted simplicity. On the other hand, although they are sometimes episodic and infused with a kind of mental radiance, they have not the fastidious symmetry of his compatriot. They do not give one, as do certain of Chekhov's, the sense of a moment arrested in flux and for ever crystallized into a gem that may be turned at every angle toward the light without detriment to any of its edges. But truly these comparisons are irrelevant, and odious when no word written by Maxim Gorki could ever be either dull, unim- passioned, or lacking in poetry. And so if there yet remains any one of literary pretensions who is not acquainted with the work of this proud and winnowed mendicant of deepest sorrow, whose welcome to our singular shores once caused so much merriment to our European neighbours, we advise him to read immediately this last example of his mature years. ALYSE GREGORY BRIEFER MENTION THE GEORGE AND THE Crown, by Sheila Kaye-Smith (12mo, 361 pages; Dutton : $2). This book, we think, will be found to take a place midway among the works of its author. Inferior to Green Apple Harvest or Joanna Godden, it is a good deal superior to The End of the House of Alard. By removing the background to and fro between Sussex and Sark, the writer relinquishes the advantage of a single deep local concen- tration. Both hero and heroine, however, are once more constructed out of that picturesque assembling of vivid personal eccentricities which it is the author's special felicity to evoke. The symbolic difference between the two hostelries is well worked out; but the plot is rather weakened than strengthened by the extreme contrast between soil-tilling and sea- faring. Sixty-Four Ninety-Four! by R. H. Mottram (12mo, 363 pages ; Lincoln MacVeagh, Dial Press: $2.50) is a cross-section in narrative of what happens to men in war-waiting, fighting, loafing, working. The author of The Spanish Farm has rounded out that expert piece of writing by another which surveys much the same ground, only from another angle- a living panorama of moods loosely linked together, but dominated by one force—the force which endlessly became vocal in "an unforgettable sound, as though the heavens, made of cheap calico, were being torn to lengths by some demoniac draper.” Many such vivid figures leap from these pages of close-cropped prose, effortless yet intensive. Mr Mottram has fully encompassed what he set out to do"to set down what can be remembered, before it becomes too dim—to set it down with the least official, personal or imaginative bias.” TALES OF HEARSAY, by Joseph Conrad (12mo, 135 pages ; Doubleday, Page; $1.50). These Tales by a master technician are beautifully fitted mosaics of words. The book is particularly interesting in that it illustrates dif- ferent periods in Conrad's work, and unlike many posthumous books is not filled with papers which were obviously not meant to be published. Altogether it satisfyingly heightens our concept of Joseph Conrad's genius. FRANKLIN WINSLOW KANE, by Anne Douglas Sedgwick (12mo, 369 pages; Houghton Mifflin : $2). This is a book that comes near persuading a judicious reader to believe in something almost like progress in modern aesthetic taste; for one cannot any longer regard literary craftsmanship of this kind, so deft, so smooth, but so entirely lacking in creative imagina- tion, as anything else than superficial and unimportant. Never for one moment does the inherent mysteriousness of human nature take on flesh and blood in this clever ethical study of opposing types. Sans tragedy, sans comedy, these smoothly carved puppets are propelled forward to their appointed climax, a climax brought about, neither by fate nor by chance, but by the premeditated purpose of a popular story-teller. BRIEFER MENTION 351 THE TREE OF THE FOLKUNGS, by Verner Von Heidenstam, translated by Arthur J. Chater (12mo, 364 pages; Knopf: $3). Almost every oppor- tunity for the kind of romance that appeals to the Saxon or Celtic or Latin mind is starkly neglected in this characteristic Scandinavian prose- epic. The persons of the story are handled neither heroically nor realistically, but in a stubborn, heavy, clumsy manner; so that their very voices reach us, harsh and husky, as if out of a bitter fog. The most thrilling passage in the book is when Ingevald, with his Finn mother at Jorgrimme's cave, lifts up the cry "Stone God, Stone Brow, Umasumbla, God of the Fosse, help us !" but this wild mystic note is not often re- peated; and the blending of love and war throughout the story is naïve, crude, violent, barbarous, something that leaves us completely cold. THE GRAND INQUISITOR, by Donald Douglas (12mo, 319 pages; Boni & Liveright: $2.50) is a nightmare novel partaking of the natures of both the Gothic romances of the early nineteenth century and the modern psychological horrors of Dostoevsky. In its romantic phase, the old- fashioned grandiloquent mood seems a little preposterous; but, when Mr Douglas strikes his more modern vein, he achieves some really remark- able effects of hysterical intensity. Especially is this true of the New York scenes, in which the panic, the vertigo, and the nervous desperation of the city are carried to their furthest possible pitch. The story consists in the parallel tragedies of two protagonists: one—a respectable business man-reacts against a life of repression and overwork by taking to sailors' bawdy-houses, where he finally murders one of the girls; the other-a literary man, who has presumably been free to live as he pleases—is none the less doomed to the same fate, for he strangles the woman he loves. The significance of this parable is not made quite clear; but in the first of these stories, which is the more convincing, Mr Douglas has written some almost unbearably vivid pages on the hallucinations of tortured nerves and divided personality. The violence of his imagination, moving in the region between madness and reality, carries off the confusion of his artistic purpose and some vices of style. Eastward, by Louis Couperus, translated by J. Menzies-Wilson and C. C. Crispin (8vo, 286 pages; Doran: $5). This charming and smoothly- flowing narrative of the writer's impressions in his favourite Dutch Indies will have a thrilling interest for the devotees of this secretive and elusive genius. How many of the peculiar Couperus “notes,” such as have sub- tilized the culture of all intellectually inquisitive Europeans, reappear in these nonchalant and easy pages! That cool, clear, indulgent, pastel- like irony, that water-colour mysticism, that faint death-lily morbidity, that convalescent penetration, all recur here; and with them, most character- istic “note” of all, that curious mania for the sense of the presence of "the little gods,” that animistic attitude to life and nature that has always shadowed the psychological insight of this original story-teller with some- thing of the insatiable aesthetic superstition which dominated the work of Apuleius! Lovers of Couperus will find their especial account in this voluble book; but strangers to his talent will certainly receive new ideas as to the possibilities of human life in Java and Sumatra. 352 BRIEFER MENTION Mrs DALLOWAY, by Virginia Woolf (12mo, 296 pages ; Harcourt, Brace: $2.50). The animation of Mrs Woolf's mind often disturbs a design which seems based on nothing more than that animation. The book is a portrait of a woman, framed by the concentric circles of her daily life; but the sobrieties of portraiture are forgotten in the festivity of the authoress's avid sensibility and wit. Mrs Dalloway has character; and it does not discredit that character to say that one would realize it more clearly if its charm were not overshadowed by Mrs Woolf's almost incom- parable charm. POEMS FOR YOUTH, an American Anthology, compiled with preface and introduction by William Rose Benét (12mo, 512 pages; Dutton : $3). Assuming the work of certain poets to be not within the understandings of average young people in their late 'teens and early twenties,” omitting John Burroughs' My Own Shall Come to Me, and certain household favourites, Mr Benét presents in this anthology many narrative poems of personal prowess, ballads, poems in dialect, certain masterpieces of emotion and description, and directs the reader's judgement with a bio- graphical critical note upon each author. Poems, by Ralph Hodgson (12mo, 64 pages; Macmillan: $1.25). The device which in one instance dazzles—in another disappoints—and a manner sometimes perhaps too self-perpetuating, infinitesimally discount Mr Hodgson's genius. Imaginatively contrived as conceived-deft, sud- den, and sane like many of the creatures human and other which are embodied in them—these poems could, one feels, charm even the confirmed poet-hater. Poets OF AMERICA, by Clement Wood (12mo, 392 pages; Dutton: $3) is a series of quotations pieced together with biographical data and the author's comments. The latter have the virtue of being frank. Except in the section devoted to his colleagues of The Poetry Society (the chapter is entitled Sappho's Cousins) Mr Wood speaks his mind forthrightly, but he says little that is either profound or final. A critic who can find nothing in Eliot but a subject for clumsy satire, or who attacks H. D. because her metaphors are "remote and, as images go, mediocre," should at least endeavour to sharpen his own metaphors. “A feigned madness,” he says in passing judgement on these poets, "earns the mushroom plaudits of mushroom souls; but shrewder Time bares soon enough to scorn the sham Abraham.” The Peal of Bells, by Robert Lynd (12mo, 223 pages; Appleton: $2) is a collection of essays which reveal how an alert mind functions at the relaxation point. Starting with a familiar idea or with an incident on the level of the commonplace, he entrusts it to a nimble fancy and an easy style, without much concern as to its ultimate fate, so long as the expansion process shows no indication of flagging. Sometimes the out- come is merely amusing; at others, speculative or tinged with philosophy. Mr Lynd's interests are broad and unacademic; his talk is well-seasoned and easily digested. BRIEFER MENTION 353 A HISTORY OF SCULPTURE, by George Henry Chase and Chandler Rathfon Post (8vo, 582 pages; Harper: $4.75) embodies so much erudition, data, and commendable research that it is hard to set it down as a failure. Yet failure it is—for any attempt to write the history of the sculpture of all lands and times in one volume is obviously impossible. Archaeological facts, names, and periods—all huddled together in a cold, synoptical treatise— leave the reader exhausted and unedified. There is not a breath, not a hint of the animating creative spirit behind the chiselled marble—all facts-professorial diligence to no purpose. The authors have no prejudices and no preferences; nor have they literary skill or capacity for emotional experience. The illustrations do somewhat relieve the monotony. WILLIAM BLAKE IN THIS WORLD, by Harold Bruce (12mo, 218 pages; Harcourt Brace: $3). The value of this concise and sturdy book lies in the fact of its scrupulous avoidance of vague idealism and the careful manner in which it has followed Blake's own pronounced preference for “minute particulars” as over against rhetorical generalizations. The vigorously sketched word-pictures of the poet's various patrons and dis- ciples are both humorous and shrewd, while certain doubtful points in his career are discussed with a very satisfactory thoroughness. The book is a remarkable evidence of Blake's unconquerable power; for Mr Bruce has evidently a "tough” mind, not easily roused to enthusiasm, not easily fooled. LEON TROTSKY: The Portrait of a Youth, by Max Eastman (12mo, 181 pages; Greenberg: $2) is an interpretation of the forces which moulded the man, rather than of the man himself. Mr Eastman, out of his first- hand knowledge of Russia, has sought to recreate the mood of that political and social evangelism—a "going to the people”—from which sprang the seeds of Bolshevism. It is a story of development rather than of achievement; the latter is reserved for another book. “If,” says the author, "we can understand how Trotsky became a Bolshevik, we shall have some human understanding of what Bolshevism is.” And this pur- pose he has accomplished with earnestness, good temper, and brevity. These UNITED States, Second Series, edited by Ernest Gruening (12mo, 438 pages; Boni & Liveright: $3). In any number of manners from the pure jeremiad to the pure real estate boom, whether "selling" resources and natural scenery or exposing political, social, and even bodily corrup- tion, these articles testify to an aggregate of power which, when considered as a unit, affects one like the talk of stellar distances. The book as a whole would indicate that the era of absolute intellectual defeatism is passing into one of Messianic expectancy, even the sheer absence of culture being in some cases taken as the first symptom of a possible cultural reaction. ... The mere data are enough to make this symposium an engrossing spectacle; and if the authors occasionally mislead, it is not that they credit their states with conditions which do not exist, but that they inevitably, by the nature of a summary, throw certain conditions too exclusively into relief. whole would one of Messianic exphe firsť symptom be this sympo COMMENT GENTLEMAN who has lived abroad considers that the two books most talked of in Germany since the war are The Downfall of Western Civilization, by Oswald Spengler and Hermann Keyserling's Travel Diary of a Philosopherº-books, that is, written in German and published recently—talked of, that is, by the public "which corresponds to the American public of H. G. Wells.” Indeed our informant has been heard to refer to Count Keyserling as the German H. G. Wells, by which he meant perhaps that Wells, brought up as a nobleman of Eastern Europe, could have become Keyserling. On the other hand it seems un- likely that Count Keyserling brought up in England would have become as breezy as all that, and it would perhaps be more rea- sonable to compare him to Havelock Ellis, with whom he shares not only optimism and a complete indifference to the terrors of platitude, but a wonderfully fluent habit of generalizing Count Keyserling prefaces his diary by saying that he has no talent for detail: it is useless to expect from him a book of brilliant sensuous impressions. Instead he is an impressionist of the world of principles. In each country along his journey he tries to think and feel himself into the profoundest spirit of that country. Thus he is able to look back as though from successive new centres of consciousness. While in India, to give one example of his trans- formations, he bitterly accuses the Englishman of being the most superficial thinker of the Occident. In China, where moral culture is more important than knowledge of the self, he admires the English judicial system. In Japan, in the shadow of the Samurai, he writes, though tentatively, of the English gentleman as the sole inheritor of the virtues of the European knight. Toward the middle of the second volume, his cultured prag- matism, his belief in the superior destiny of the wrong-headed but 1 To be published by Alfred A. Knopf. Introduction appeared