things
received its cue from a Senate resolution or a neglected.
suggestion emanating from the august Senate “Congressional Government” at once fixes
Committee on Foreign Relations, the chances its author's reputation as one of the foremost
for ratification are extremely hazardous. The writers on American political institutions. He
failure of the Arthur-Frehlinghuysen foreign fairly deserves the credit of having inaugu-
programme readily suggests itself as illus- rated the concrete and scientific study of our
trating Mr. Wilson's argument.
political system. Thoughtful and learned
The chapter which treats of the Executive, essays in the reviews and magazines by Judge
and the actual position of that department in Cooley, Senator Hoar, and various others, have
our system of government, is a masterly dis- treated of the decadence of the presidential
cussion. After an analysis of that machinery elector system, the failure of constitutional
of parties which has wholly superseded the checks for the protection of state sovereignty,
theoretical arrangements for choosing a Presi- the subjection of the judiciary, and the com-
dent, the author proceeds to study the Cabinet plex committee system of Congress. But these
another leading feature of our real Constitution articles have been written from the standpoint
which has no well-defined place in the theo of the jurist, the legislator, or the practical
retical system. He finds that the President's politician. Neither singly nor collectively do
duties as an administrative officer practically they furnish a conspectus of that great objec-
end with the appointment of his Cabinet, upon tive reality, the working Constitution. Mr.
the members of which devolve the duties Wilson is a relentless and unsparing critic, but
and responsibilities of their various depart. he is an impartial and faithful witness. As
ments. These functionaries are selected from the Forty-eighth Congress expires and the
one party on the theory that they have some White House again changes occupants, it is
thing to do in the way of formulating a political scarcely possible for a reader of this book to
policy; but this theory does not correspond take a retrospective view of the chaotic events
closely with the facts. The cabinet officers of our recent legislative and administrative
perform simply ministerial duties, and they are history without recognizing the accuracy of
the servants of Congress rather than of the the picture drawn in “Congressional Govern-
President. The sort of clandestine and inde ment."
ALBERT Shaw.
terminate relationship through which Congress
holds the departments in subjection is pro-
voking and unsatisfactory on both sides.
There is no frank and agreed coöperation.
PRESIDENT PORTER'S MORAL SCIENCE.*
The departments resent Congressional inter-
ference, yet are powerless to prevent it. And “The Elements of Moral Science," by Presi.
Congress grows infuriated at the devices which dent Porter, is a companion volume to his work
the Executive officers invent for the purpose
on “The Human Intellect.” It is a book of
of evading the legislative will, as witness the 574 pages, inviting in appearance and admi.
controversy over the treatment of the silver rable in all its accidents. The method and
dollar by the Treasury department.
scope of it are much the same as those of the
Mr. Wilson holds it to be the radical defect earlier work. The feelings and the will,
in our federal system that it parcels out power
which were not considered in “The Human
and confuses responsibility as it does. * Intellect," here occupy, in their discussion, the
The ‘literary theory' of checks and balances first 132 pages. The feelings, as incentives to
is simply a consistent account of what our con action, are regarded as diverse in kind, and not
stitution-makers tried to do; and those checks
* THE ELEMENTS OF MORAL SCIENCE; Theoretical and Practi-
and balances have proved mischievous just to
cal. By Noah Porter, D.D. Li.D.
the extent to which they have succeeded in ner's Sons.
New York: Charles Scrib-


1885.]
295
THE DIAL
room."
simply in degree. The author maintains the tives to the action which follows them. The
freedom of the will. This consideration of libertarian asserts one form of dependence,
questions of psychology is followed by theo the necessitarian another. The connection it-
retical or speculative ethics, extending over 170 self is not phenomenal, and is not, therefore,
pages. The remainder of the volume is given touched by consciousness. The case is closely
to practical ethics. This portion of the dis- allied to causation. The cause and the effect
cussion, though full, occupies a smaller space, may both be seen, but mere sight does not de-
relatively, than is usual in works on ethics in termine the dependence of the two. This
tended for instruction. Says the author: “The dependence, in its existence and nature, is an
treatise now offered to the public was written assertion of the mind, and the truth of the
primarily for the use of college and university assertion turns on the powers involved in it.
students in their preparation for the class- Liberty is an interpretation of the connection
As a text-book, however, it stands so of certain phenomena in consciousness, and
connected with “The Human Intellect,” in the must be decided, not by consciousness, but by
arrangement of topics, as hardly to be service- the valid action of the powers which render
able without it.
this interpretation. To allow consciousness to
Those who are familiar with the earlier work stand for the obscure action of mental powers,
will be likely to judge this book correctly in and to appeal to it in this form for the con-
advance. It is the product of extensive read firmation of any doctrine, is to thrust analysis
ing, thorough scholarship, and patient thought. aside and confound all opinion. What skim-
Dr. Porter's method is neither rapid nor in-ble-skamble stuff is this whole discussion con-
cisive. His works are not the results of central cerning liberty, if it simply touches the existence
truths clearly seen and boldly pushed. They of a plain fact of consciousness! Respect for
are voluminous, and enter into the details of our calling would lead us to discard such a con-
every topic. They are characterized by the clusion.
faults and excellences of the school of philos The law of morals President Porter seems to
ophy to which they belong—that of Scotland. deduce from the impulses of pleasure ; and
In proof, they make the same obscure and un yet in an obscure way he helps the law out by
satisfactory appeals to consciousness. They intuitional elements. “ The sensibilities and
hold fast the intuitions, while they are strangely their attendant desires differ in respect to the
reserved and inapt in their use. That school, quality or the kind of good, and respectively
first of all, should re-define what it means by of the evil, which they condition or impart”
consciousness; and should settle the directions, (p. 44). “Moral good is the voluntary choice
offices, and limits of the intuitions. Thus, in of the highest natural good possible to man, as
the book before us, liberty is proved by an ap known to himself and by himself, and inter-
peal to consciousness ; and the basis of morals preted as the end of his existence and activi-
is an obscure admixture of hedonism and in- ties” (p. 144). So far, the law is one of hedon-
tuitionalism.
ism. Duty is the choice of the highest pleasures.
Having affirmed that “To the reality and A moment's reflection, however, brings obscu-
distinctiveness of volition consciousness testi- rity to this simple treatment.
Pleasures,
fies as distinctly as to the reality of any other within themselves, as pleasures, differ in inten-
activity, and its testimony is legitimate and sity. But the distinction of higher and lower
decisive” (p. 84), President Porter proceeds cannot be found in the feeling itself. The
to say : “Any conception of consciousness is words are figurative. We can say of a feeling,
narrow which limits it to an observation of that it is high or low in reference only to some
facts or phenomena, and denies to it the belief other feeling, both being considered in some
of a power or capacity to originate or produce common relation ; for example, the well-being
phenomena or effects” (p. 86). It is not easy of the subject. We are thrown back, there-
to create more confusion of thought in the fore, on a discussion of well-being before we
same space than is likely to be the product of can define pleasures as high or low. Here the
these two assertions. We should be surprised whole question of morals must be reopened in
characterize the Scottish school." By conscious: The author, at times, seems to feel this diffi-
ness we properly mean a knowledge of the culty, and strives to meet it with intuitional
phenomenal states of mind, simply because resources. He would define pleasures by their
they are states of mind. What we know, relation to the manifest design of the human
therefore, as volition in consciousness is a constitution, and theistic considerations are thus
simple activity of mind; and as a phenomenon introduced.
no man denies it. Freedom is not the fact it Just here is the true office of intuitionalism.
self of volition, but a method of interpreting By an intuition of the senses we discern an
the fact. It turns on the relation of the mo agreement in form or a likeness in colors. By


296
[March,
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an intuition of the reason we discern the har- hero. It is a truthful portrait, and one that
mony of a given action with the rational social will endure in history, taking the place of the
conditions under which it arises. This agree caricatures that have heretofore been given to
ment of an action or line of action with its the world as the real John Adams.
rational conditions we express as right, and the The “Atlas of independence," as he was
right becomes to us the law of reason. The called by an admiring contemporary, is a phrase
insight of reason gives rise to the sense of fit the meaning of which can be understood only
ness; and this rational law carries with it, as by those who are familiar with the events
an inseparable emotional factor, the feeling of leading up to the war for independence. He
obligation.
was the conspicuous leader having the definite
President Porter's explanation of obligation purpose in view of separation from the mother
is an extraordinary example of a back-handed country. Others as patriotic as he hoped for
stroke. The moral action is “enforced by the accommodation, for a compromise that should
self-approval or self-reproach which is known secure the freedom of the citizen without the
will certainly follow” (p. 155). The discern- independence of the colonies. The far-seeing,
ment of law gives instant rise to obligation, unflinching leader would stop nothing short of
and obligation fulfilled is the ground of self- revolution. “This,” said he to his wife, in
approval. We cannot reverse this relation. May, 1775, “this has been the source of all
We beg pardon for this fault-finding. One the disquietude of my life. It has lain down
is always liable to be unjust to a book if he and risen up with me these twelve years.
The
criticises it at all in a brief notice. This work thought that we might be driven to the sad
has in full the merit that belongs to all the necessity of breaking our connection with
productions of President Porter, and will give Great Britain, exclusive of the carnage and
much satisfaction to those whose line of thought destruction which it was easy to see must
is concurrent with it in general principles and attend the separation, always gave me a great
methods.
John Bascom.
deal of grief.
And even now I would gladly
retire from public life forever, renounce all
chance for profits or honors from the public,
AN AMERICAN PATRIOT.*
nay, I would cheerfully contribute my little
property, to obtain peace and liberty. But all
A thoroughly honest work, is the judgment these must go, and my life too, before I can
to which Mr. Morse's. John Adams is entitled surrender the right of my country to a free
from the reading public. However admirable Constitution.” And to that end he
gave
Con-
his life of the younger Adams, this surpasses gress no peace until the Declaration, July 2,
it in interest and vigor, due in a measure to 1776. Most hearts were heavy on that day,
the more striking traits of character of the which Adams predicted would be “the most
elder, but also in a measure to the conscientious memorable epoch in the history of America.”
labor and sympathy of the author. Mr. Morse He rejoiced as one who wins a great victory for
is an American in a broad and intelligent sense, his country. Through all the gloom he could
a notable exception in a section that has pro see the rays of ravishing light and glory. “I
duced so much that is narrow and provincial in can see that the end is more than worth all the
literature. While his John Adams is judicial means, and that posterity will triumph in that
in tone and accurate in statement, it yet exhibits day's transaction, even though we should rue
a warmth of color found only in the writings of it, which I trust in God we shall not.”
those who have a sympathetic appreciation of
It fell to the lot of John Adams to be emi.
the motives and labors of men whose lives they nently useful to his country in another great
describe. A man cannot write well of what crisis in a field widely different from the one in
concerns the soul, without this power: the power which he had played the chief part, and in
to take on the character, to feel, to know spirit- which in peaceful times he would have cut a
ually (begging the reader's pardon for this mere sorry figure. We refer to his services in Hol-
hint at metaphysical distinctions). In the book land in soliciting an extension of loans, and in
before us we have John Adams, the man and the delicate negotiations preceding the signing
patriot, in all his rugged honesty, full of cour of the treaty of peace. Historical writers have
age in great emergencies when others fell away, heretofore given too much attention to his
quar-
pugnacious, wise when his judgment was not rel with Dr. Franklin and the enmity of de
clouded by passion, a statesman without tact, Vergennes, and too little to the effects of his
vain and conceited, yet always a patriot, pos labors. A more truthful picture, one in bar-
sessing the traits found in most of the world's mony with the character of the man, is given
great heroes, yet not reaching the stature of a by Mr. Morse in discussing the Franklin-de-
Vergennes difficulty and the peace negotia-
*JOHN ADAMs. By John I. Morse, Jr. ("American States-
men” Series.) Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
tions. It would have been more striking if he


1885.]
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now
had mentioned the stubborn fight Mr. Adams these two men had been brought into any relationship
made to secure to the colonies the territory with each other, and certainly it did not augur well for
their future harmony. Unfortunately, the worst aus-
northwest of the river Ohio, to-day the most pices which could be seen in it were fulfilled. A per-
productive section of the Union and centre of sonal prejudice, improperly called distrust, on the part
political power. Concession on this point, urged of Hamilton towards Adams, froin this time forth led
by Franklin but resisted by Adams, might have
to doings which Adams, being human, could not but
resent; mutual dislike grew into strong animosity,
worked disastrous results a few years later and
which in time ripened into bitter vindictiveness. . The
changed the whole course of events. The time / quarrel had such vitality that it survived to subsequent
came, when the patriot, as President, was sorely generations, so that later historians in each family
pressed by political enemies, that public refer-
have kept the warfare immortal."
ence to this great service was a solace gladly Notwithstanding the meanness and treachery
welcomed in the midst of general detraction. of Hamilton, Adams, while president of the
When at last an end had been made to British Senate, stood loyally by the administration,
intrigue and savage warfare, these services and by his deciding vote frequently carried
found grateful recognition at the hands of Gov- through those measures which were necessary
ernor St. Clair and his territorial legislature. to give form to the new government. The part
“To your firmness," said they, “we attribute played by the Vice-President in this construc-
the enjoyment of the rich country we tive period was very offensive to the Anti-
inhabit.” These services and the political inci- Federalists, or extreme Republicans, who were
dent based thereon deserved mention in a life actuated, as Washington declared, by local
of John Adams.
views. They heaped upon him every form of
These patriotic and very important labors in detraction and falsely accused him of wishing
behalf of his country in times of peril merited to establish an aristocratic form of government.
honorable recognition-the spontaneous recog The reader is doubtless familiar with the inci.
nition without party division of a grateful peo- dent that made John Randolph the enemy of
ple. That it did not come in this way to Adams the Adams family; but we are chiefly indebted
as it did to Washington led to much bitterness. to Senator Maclay for a republican and cer-
"If past services only were to be rewarded, it is as tainly graphic portraiture of the first Vice-
certain that he deserved the second place as that Wash President. Mr. Morse is silent as to Maclay,
ington deserved the first. He received it, but not in
such a handsome way as he had a right to anticipate picture of the times.
but no other man of that day left such a striking
That first election, as compared with subsequent ones,
The government had to
was a very crude and clumsy piece of business from be formed under the new Constitution. There
the politician's point of view. The Federalists, that is were no precedents, and in contriving proper
to say, the friends of the new Constitution, ought to forms much occurred that seems very amusing
have united upon Adams; but they had not time for
after nearly a century of experience.
crystallization. Their opponents, the enemies of the
Constitution, were even less able to consolidate. Ac The earliest question was, how should the
cordingly the votes for vice-president were disorganized President be received in the Senate chamber?
and scattering to a degree which now seems singularly, Maclay avers that Mr. Adams put the question
even ludicrously, bungling. Personal and local pre-
dilections and enmities were expressed with a freedom
in the following form:
never afterward possible. The result was, that out “GENTLEMEN: I do not know whether the framers
of sixty-nine votes Adams had only thirty-four, a trifle of the constitution had in view the two kings of
less than a majority, but enough to elect him. He had Sparta, or the two consuls of Rome, when they formed
not been voted for specifically as vice-president, of it-one to have all the power while he held it, and the
course, such not being then the constitutional regula other to be nothing. Nor do I know whether the archi-
tion; but this had not the less been the unquestioned tect that formed our room, and the wide chair in it
meaning of the voting, since Washington's election was (to hold two, I suppose), had the constitution before
tacitly a unanimous understanding. Yet if it could him. Gentlemen, I feel great difficulty how to act. I
have been explicitly stipulated that the second vote of am possessed of two separate powers—the one in esse,
each elector was given for a vice-president, there the other in posse. I am Vice-President. In this I am
would undoubtedly have been a larger total for Adams. nothing ; but I may be everything. But I am Presi.
For several votes which in such case would have been dent also of the Senate. When the President comes into
cast for him were now turned from him, in order, as it the Senate what shall I be? I wish, gentlemen, to think
was plausibly said, to avoid the danger of a unanimous what I shall be."
and therefore equal vote for him and Washington. But
this argument was disingenuous. There never was the
Maclay's comment may not be omitted:
slightest chance of a unanimous vote for Adams, and
“A solemn silence ensued. God forgive me,
the withholding of votes from him was really designed for it was involuntary, but the profane muscles
only to curtail his personal prestige by keeping him
of my face were in tune for laughter in spite of
conspicuously in a secondary position. It was the
mind and hand of Alexander Hamilton which chiefly my indisposition.”
arranged and carried out this scheme, not wisely or
The President was sworn in and made his
generously, it must be confessed. It was done not speech, and the fact was duly recorded in the
with any hope or even wish to prevent Mr. Adams
journal. “When we came to the minute of
from alighting on the vice-presidential perch, but only
to clip his wings as a precaution against too free sub-
the speech," says Maclay, “it stood, His most
sequent flights. This was the first occasion upon which I gracious speech.” This was more than the


298
[March,
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plain republican could stand, and on his also insisted on presiding when the Senate was
motion the words were erased. During the in committee of the whole, to the disgust of the
discussion it transpired that they were inserted members of that body.
by direction of the President of the Senate. But these were mere foibles, detracting
Then came the contest over "titles," in which nothing from the patriotism of the man, and
the Vice-President, as president of the Senate, magnified into importance because there were
contended, in his characteristic way, for such then no settled forms. The Vice-Presidency
form of words as should assert the dignity of has since become the insignificant office it was
the executive head of the Government, and intended by the framers of the Constitution it
lectured the senators sharply whenever they should be, and the members of the Senate are
displeased him.
your real autocrats.
"Ellsworth was enumerating how common the appel There is extant the original draft of a letter
lation of President was. The President put him in from citizen James Monroe to President Thomas
mind that there were presidents of fire companies and Jefferson, written soon after the latter's inau-
of a cricket club. Mr. Lee, at another time, was say-
ing he believed that some of the states authorized guration, congratulating him on his triumph and
titles by their constitution. The President, from the making suggestions as to the political policy
chair, told him that Connecticut did it. At sundry of the new administration. It differs essen-
other times he interfered in a like manner.”
tially from the letter as received by Jefferson,
But the committee reported a title — His which is preserved in the State Department,
Highness the President of the United States and contains rather more than the usual num-
of America and Protector of the Rights of the ber of misspelled words to the page.
It is a
States. “This whole silly business,” exclaims tine specimen of bitter partisanship, and one
the indignant senator, “is the work of Mr.
is amazed at the intensity of feeling that
Adams and Mr. Lee.” Certainly Mr. Adams gathers force as the writer proceeds, consign-
had this project much at heart. We are told ing
that on another occasion he harangued the
“To bottomless perdition, there to dwell
Senate as follows:
In adamantine chains and penal fire,"
“Gentlemen, I must tell you that it is you and the his political opponents, and wonders if this is
President that have the making of titles. Suppose the the same man whose administration seventeen
President to have the appointment of Mr. Jefferson to
years later ushered in the
era of good feel
the court of France. Mr. Jefferson is, in virtue of that
appointment, the most illustrious, the most powerful, ing.” Indeed, but for the date recalling the
and what not? But the President must be something
times of St. Thomas, one might suppose the
that includes all the dignities of the diplomatic corps, letter to have emanated from the heated brain
and something greater still. What, will the common
of a politician of 1885, so similar are the cir-
people of foreign countries-what, will the sailors and
soldiers-say, George Washington, President of the
cumstances, so like the spirit then to the spirit
United States? They will despise him. This is all now. Monroe declared that the party that had
nonsense to the philosopher; but so is all government been in power for twelve years was « guilty of
whatever."
great crimes” and an enemy to republican
As yet the Senate had no sergeant-at-arms, principles. Its agents, who were corrupt,
and when it was proposed to elect such an should be required to give an accounting.
officer Mr. Adams made a speech in which, Citizen Necker had been required to do this,
says Maclay, “he seemed to wish that the then why not the Federalists ? None were
officer should be usher of the Black Rod. He righteous, none deserved to be spared; but
described this office as appurtenant to the policy might compel the new administration,
House of Lords, and concluded by telling us indebted for success to the support of many
that Sir Francis Mollineaux was the officer, and Federalists, to move with cautious tread, lest
that he had the honor of being introduced by their new friends should become alarmed at
him to the House of Lords."
infractions of reform pledges and withdraw
He could insist on his own rights as stoutly their support.
as for the rights of others. The question was The “great crimes” of which the Federalists
raised as to the propriety of his signing bills were guilty, in the opinion of citizen Monroe,
as Vice-President of the United States, it being are not set forth; and, as the party of St.
urged that he could sign only as President of Thomas builded upon the foundations laid
the Senate, whereupon (having taken time to with so great care and labor during the eight
examine the Constitution) he said, “I am years of Washington and four of Adams, we
placed here by the people. To part with the are constrained to conclude that they either
style given me is a dereliction of my right originated in the heated brain of the Virginian,
It is being false to my trust. Vice-President or they were condoned by the Republicans
is my title, and it is a point I will insist upon," who were content to enjoy the usufruct. Of
and he signed the bills as Vice-President of the political blunders John Adams was guilty,
United States and President of the Senate. He l but never of a want of patriotism or faithful-


1893.]
299
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ness in the administration of a trust. The The picture of life at Gad's Hill, the home
spirit of the John Adams of '76 was displayed of Dickens in his last years, which occurs in
in meeting the emergency of threatened war appropriate connection, and fills an entire chap-
during his term as President, and this, despite ter, is made of charming views of a delightful
alien and sedition laws, would have borne him interior. One inviting scene is portrayed as
into office a second time but for the treachery follows:
of Alexander Hamilton.
“A peculiarity of the household was the fact that,
WM. HENRY SMITH. except at table, no servant was ever seen about. This
was because the requirements of life were always
ready to hand, especially in the bedrooms. Each of
these rooms contained the most comfortable of beds,
DICKENS'S READING TOURS.*
a sofa, an easy-chair, cane-bottomed chairs-in which
Mr. Dickens had a great belief, always preferring to
It was a labor of love with Mr. George Dolby use one himself -a large writing-table, profusely sup-
to rehearse the story of his association with
plied with paper and envelopes of every conceivable
size and description, and an almost daily change of
Mr. Dickens, and he has executed the self-
new quill pens. There was a miniature library of
appointed work with creditable ability. During books in each room, a comfortable fire in winter, with
the last four years of the novelist's life, Mr. a shining copper kettle in each fireplace; and on a
Dolby was brought into immediate contact side-table, cups, saucers, tea-caddy, tea pot, sugar and
milk, so that this refreshing beverage was always
with him as the manager of his public read-
attainable, without even the trouble of asking for it."
ings; and in this relation, which was one of
mutual friendliness, he conceived, as all men
A prominent feature of the establishment
did who came close to that rich and magnetic foundland breed, kept in part as a protection
was the bevy of dogs, of the mastiff or New-
personality, a warm admiration for the great from tramps, yet chiefly from the love their
author. This feeling gives a pleasing color to
master bore to these noble brutes.
his narrative, which is notable otherwise as an
exact and business-like registry of particulars. “These dogs were perfectly trained, and had the
instinct never to forget a visitor to whom they were
In respect to fresh information concerning Mr.
Dickens, the book is disappointing, and few, properly introduced, and who was accordingly allowed
to go in and out of the yard as though the dogs had
apart from his extreme admirers, would feel known him or her all their lives. So it was as much a
repaid for going through it by the small num duty on the part of the host to introduce his guests
ber of new items and anecdotes with which it
to the dogs as it was to introduce a stranger to his
family and the other guests staying in the house."
illustrates his character.
It is not disagreeable, however, to be re-
Mr. Dickens's mirthful humor was one of his
minded anew of such minor traits and facts as distinguished characteristics, and how he in-
Mr. Dickens's fondness for the circus, and his dulged its overflow in frolicsome sport and play
Labit of attending a performance at every op is reported by Mr. Dolby on more than one
portunity; of his preference among his own
occasion. On a journey from London to Aber-
writings for “David Copperfield” and the deen, for example, his party, occupying a
“Christmas Carol,” and of his having learned “saloon carriage,” were beguiled of their
the latter so weil, and read it so often, that he weariness by his droll antics. He excelled in
couldn't remember it, and used, as he said, “to the terpsichorean art, and especially in the
go dodging about in the wildest manner to performance of a sailor's hornpipe.” Room
pick up lost pieces"; that the best photograph for the enjoyment of this favorite pastime was
of him in existence was that taken by Mr. in the present case limited, but Mr. Dickens
Gurney, of New York, on his last visit to entered into the exercise of it with the utmost
America; and that he suffered severely from spirit. Mr. Dolby says:
nervous fears while travelling by railroad. “An unforeseen difficulty presented itself; for though
Mr. Dickens was fifty-four years of age at
I had used every endeavor to make my arrangements
the date (1866) of the first readings managed
for the journey as complete as possible, such a thing
as an orchestra had never suggested itself as indis-
by Mr. Dolby, and early in their history there
pensable to travel; but it was settled that Mr. Wells
is inserted this interesting portrait of him: and myself should form the orchestra, so we supplied
“ His figure was tall, upright, and sinewy; his face,
a whistling accompaniment while the dancer footed it
adorned with a wiry moustache and grizzly beard, merrily, in spite of the frequent collapses of the or-
chestra in explosive laughter at the absurdity of the
struck one at once; deep lined and bronzed, it was a
situation, and the pretended indignation of the dancer
philosopher's; the eyes, whose depths no man could
at the indifference of the music. The sudden “break-
fathom, were large and eloquent, and side by side
lurked the iron will of a demon and the tender pity brought the 'entertainment to a close, and we had a
down' of the engine, through the bursting of a pipe,
of an angel. His face had all the romance of the
ancient Norseman, while his whole mien reminded one
walk in the fields and woods a little north of Morpeth
of nothing so much as a viking."
for nearly half an hour, until another locomotive could
be found somewhere to take the train on to Berwick.”
* CHARLES DICKENS AR I KNEW Him. The story of the Read-
Another time, when Mr. Dickens was enter-
ing Tours in Great Britain and America (1866-1870). By George
Dolby. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott & Co.
taining his manager on car-board by a song
66


300
[March,
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and dance (the drinking song from “Der requested to purchase a book for Mr. Dickens's
Freischutz”), with glass in hand, by a singular amusement, he selected “The Old Curiosity
accident his sealskin cap went whisking out of Sbop.”
the window. It was night, and the darkness
Taking it to him myself, he was delighted that I
profound, yet by a careful calculation of the time had done this, for he had not read the book for years.
and place where the mishap occurred, and the On hearing this, I was naturally curious to see the
effect of his own work on him when I should return
institution of shrewd measures without delay,
the missing article was ultimately recovered-
to the hotel, and was greatly amused to find him laugh-
ing immoderately at certain incidents in the book, as
a feat as remarkable on the part of Mr. Dolby if he had never seen it before. I was as much amused
as the dance by Mr. Dickens.
at this as he was with his book; and lest I might think
In describing his preliminary tour in the
he was vain of his own work, he explained to me he
was not laughing at his own creations so much as at the
United States for the arrangement of Mr.
recollection of the circumstances under which certain
Dickens's readings, Mr. Dolby gives a bewilder passages and incidents were written."
ing account of a car-ride from Boston to Nan-
tucket, to visit Mr. Longfellow. Americans
The severity of our American winters, the
are not aware that the ocean has been bridged incurred in the expenditure of emotion in every
fatigues of travelling, and the great strain
by a railroad between Massachusetts and this
noted island, twenty-eight miles off the main-
Reading, told heavily on the strength of Mr.
land. It is one of the funny errors which even
Dickens, and in the midst of his engagements
travelled Englishmen fall into in dealing with
his health became alarmingly impaired. Noth-
the geography of the Western continent. For
ing save his great resoluteness carried him
Nantucket Mr. Dolby should have named Na- through. In the words of Mr. Dolby:
hant.
“But for my knowledge of him, and his power of
When Mr. Dickens came to our shores on
coming up to time when time was called, I should often
have despaired of his physical capacity. It was only
his second tour, his feeling toward us had not by a most careful observation that anyone could form
greatly altered since his frank expression in any idea of the extent of his sufferings."
“Martin Chuzzlewit." Being disturbed by the
The record of his heroic efforts to fulfil his
pushing desire of certain persons at the hotel
appointments, and of the subsequent exhaustion
where he stopped to view the illustrious and
beloved author, he exclaimed to his manager:
and misery, is painful to read. He ate little
“These people have not in the least changed
and slept less, and days and nights were sea-
sons of almost unintermitting anguish. The
during the last five-and-twenty years; they are
doing now exactly what they were doing then”; tender solicitude, doing all in his power to
faithful manager watched over his charge with
and Mr. Dolby adds that the circumstance
caused him “to regret that he had not adhered
mitigate the wretchedness.
to his original determination never to visit
"I used to steal into his room at all hours of the
America again.” Long before his readings
night and early morning, to see if he were awake or
in want of anything; always, though, to find him wide
were concluded, however, we may believe that awake, and as cheerful and jovial as circumstances
the irritation had given way to a genuine affec would admit, never in the least complaining, and only
tion, and that he ever after regarded the Ameri-
reproaching me for not taking my night's rest.”
can people with just appreciation.
On his return to England, in the spring of
Among our eminent men whom he now met 1868, Mr. Dickens revived in health and spirits;
for the first time, we are told he was specially but he was never to be wholly well again.
pleased with Mr. Stanton, then Secretary of When resuming the Readings in the ensuing
War, at Washington. Spending an evening autumn, there was a recurrence of distressing
with him at the house of Mr. Sumner, the symptoms—insomnia, nervous prostration, and
novelist was delighted with the familiarity their accompanying tortures. These
exhibited by Mr. Stanton with his writings. endured for weary months; but in April of
He could repeat chapter after chapter from any 1869 the courage of Mr. Dickens gave way,
of the books of Mr. Dickens, “and, as the author and his medical attendant was summoned to
confessed, knew more about his works than he
give a final judgment on the possibility of con-
himself did. This was accounted for by the
tinuing his labors. The verdict was declared
fact that during the war, when Mr. Stanton was in the following manner.
At the end of a
Commander-in-chief of the Northern forces [:], searching examination, Mr. Dickens and the
he never went to bed at night without first physician joined the narrator.
reading something from one of Mr. Dickens's
"«Shall I ring for dinner?' I asked.
books—a habit which engraved them in his "Wait until Beard has said what he has to say, and
memory.”
then do as you think best,' was the chief's reply.
It is curious how completely an author will
*** All I have to say is this,' answered the doctor; 'if
you insist on Dickens taking the platform to-night, I
sometimes forget his own works in the course
will not guarantee but that he goes through life drag-
of time. Mr. Dolby relates that once, being ging a foot after him.'
were


1883.)
301
THE DIAL
cares.
“* Big tears were now rolling down Dickens's face, botanist which are more difficult of solution than
and, crossing the room to me, he threw himself on my those of the origin of even the most familiar species
neck, saying:
of cultivated plants—where they had their original
“ My poor boy! I am so sorry for all the trouble I
home, what migrations they have made, from what
am giving you! With all the tickets sold, and so late
in the day, too! How will you manage with these
forms now f und in an uncultivated state they are
people??
to be regarded as having descended. In fact, the
* Then, turning to Beard, he said: “Let me try it
best kuown cultivated species present the greatest
to-night. It will save so much trouble.'
difficulties, on account of the great number of varie-
“ “ As you like,' replied: the doctor. “I have told ties to which cultivation has given rise, and on
Dolby what I think. If you insist on reading to-night, account of the remoteness of the time when they
I shall have only to stand by and watch the results.'"
were first reclaimed from the state of nature. Then
The Readings were abandoned for the time; the number of erroneous notions current respecting
but in January, 1870, a new course was begun the origin of cultivated species is very great, and
with the doctor's permission. It was concluded
these have to be carefully combated. De Candolle
successfully, but at the cost of terrible suffering, indications of the original home of cultivated plants
says: “I believe that three out of four of Linnæus'
and probably of years of a valuable existence.
are incomplete or incorrect. His statements have
The excitement of the Readings quickened Mr. since been repeated, and in spite of what modern
Dickens's pulse until at times its rate was as writers have proved touching several species, they
high as 124. It was consuming the powers of are still repeated in periodicals and popular works.
life at a rapid pace. The last Reading occurred It is time that mistakes, which date in some cases
the 15th of March, and in three months more
from the Greeks and Romans, should be corrected.”
the speaker was resting in the stillness of death. The task of correction which Do Candolle has tums set
It was not avarice, Mr. Dolby asserts, that
himself has been an enormous one, but industry and
induced Mr. Dickens to persist in the work end he finds himself ready to say:
scientific method have so far triumphed, that at the
“I have been
which fatally overtasked his strength. It was
able to determice the origin of almost all the species,
the desire to make a provision for his family sometimes with absolute certainty, and sometimes
which should ensure their future from pecuniary with a high degree of probability.” How wide the
The aim was generous, but the con resources and how painstaking the scholarship from
sequence most lamentable. The extraordinary which this result has been evolved, every page of
popularity of the Readings was a great tempta- the work will testify; and this publication of the
tion to their continuance. The profits accruing fruits of a lifetime of labor marks an epoch in geo-
to Mr. Dickens from the different series, com-
graphical botany. Aside from strictly botanical
prising, in all, two hundred and forty-three, reports, of archæology and paläontology, and espe-
resources, all those of history and of travellers'
which were given under the management of cially of philology, have been brought to bear upon
Mr. Dolby, amounted to $165,000. The seventy- each individual case, by a writer who uses with ease
six American Readings yielded nearly $95,000. all these instruments of research. The investigations
Of this last amount, all in paper, only three cover two hundred and forty-seven species, which
notes were forged-two of $2 each and one of are classified for convenience according to the parts
$20; a compliment, as Mr. Dolby properly for which they are cultivated, five categories being
remarks, to Mr. Dickens and to the honesty of formed, and including respectively those plants which
the American people.
are cultivated for their subterranean parts, for their
stems or leaves, for their flowers or enveloping
organs, for their fruits, and for their seeds. Of these
species, one hundred and ninety-three are now known
to be wild at the present day, twenty-seven are classed
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
as doubtful, and twenty-seven others are not found
wild at all. Of these last, there are a few species
The name of De Candolle upon the title-page of which there is every reason to believe are absolutely
a botanical work is a sufficient guarantee of its ex-
extinct in the natural state. Seven such species are
cellence, and no further warrant is needed for its sci-
enumerated or nearly three per cent. of the entire
entific accuracy or its authoritativeness.
The name
number. That something like three per cent. of the
of the great Linnæus has hardly a higher place in species of phænogamous plants have become extivet
the history of science than that which father and son
during the historical epoch, and this “not in small
together have achieved for this name. The present islands but on vast continents without any great
work on the “ Origin of Cultivated Plants” was pub-modifications of climate,” is perhaps the most
lished in Paris a year or two ago, and now ap, important general result reached by this investiga-
pears in the English edition of the - International
tion.
Scientific Series” (Appleton & Co.). The contents
of this book are the result of the thirty years' labor The third series of the “ Johns Hopkins University
done by the writer subsequent to the publication of Studies in Historical and Political Science” opens
his work on geographical botany, and includes with a paper by Professor H. B. Adams, the editor,
nearly double the number of species treated in that · Maryland's Influence upon the Land Cessions
work, there being few plants cultivated, either on a to the United States," to be followed for a year by
large or a small scale, which are not exhaustively monthly monograms by different writers on topics
discussed. There are few questions presented to the relating to American institutions and economics.
on


302
[March,
THE DIAL
The two volumes already completed, each of about development from the character and purposes of the
600 pages, make a most interesting and valuable original settlers. The system has proved so conven-
series of papers upon a class of subjects upon which ient and beneficial, it has been retained by their
little has been written. The first series is already descendants to this day.
out of print, and the extra copies of the second
series will soon be taken up. The price to subscrib A RECENT publication for the use of the student is
ers, for each series, which makes a volume, is only a volume of -- Representative German Poems, Ballad
three dollars. The entire set and its continuation and Lyrical” (Henry Holt & Co.). The work is
should be in the library of every thoughtful student edited with notes by Karl Knortz, and is made on
of American political history. Professor Adanis, in the plan of Baskerville's “Poetry of Germany," the
the paper now before us, treats the general policy of original texts and the translations facing each other
the states in ceding the Western lands to the U. S. on opposite pages. “In selecting translations, the
government; he discusses the Ordinance of 1787, the first consideration has been literalness," the editor
organization of the Northwestern Territory, George tells us; but in many cases he has been compelled
Washington's interest in the Western lands and the to put up with very poor versions, for his aim seems
Potomac company, and his plan for a national univer to have been to include a certain selection of repre-
sity. The last paper of the second series was by Dr. sentative pieces, made with reference to their value
Edward Channing, of Harvard College, on “ Town as originals, and then do the best possible in the
and County Government in the English Colonies of way of translation. That he has not been wholly
North America,” which took the Toppan prize for uninfluenced by the presence or absence of good
the year 1883. When M. de Tocqueville visited the translations may be seen in the case of Uhland, who
United States for the purpose of studying its institu is represented by nearly as many pieces as Goethe,
tions, nothing so impressed him as the New England and by more than anyone else. The selection is a
town and town meetings—simple, pure democracies, fairly good one, as far as the originals are concerned;
the model or counterpart of which he had found no but the translations afford another instance of the
where else. In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, these utter inadequacy of the English language to render
little republics had founded themselves before there German lyrics. In many cases they are so bad that
was any action of the General Court on the sub- it would have been better not to include the poems
ject. They exist to-day in their primitive form as
at all than to furnish them with such an accompa-
the most popular and cherished institution of New niment, while in others there are better versions to be
England, and they are found nowhere else. Dr. had than those given. Surely something better
Channing undertakes to explain the origin of the might have been done for Gretchen's spinning-song
New England town, "(1) by the economic conditions than the parody written by the irrepressible G. H.
of the Massachusetts colony; (2) by the experience Calvert :
in the management of local concerns which the found-
"Where him I can't have,
ers brought from the mother country; and (3) by the
form of church government and land system which
Turned into gall."
they found expedient.” This explanation does not
Such a specimen as this should stand as a solemn
explain the problem. The towns of Salem and Dor-warning to all would-be traducers of good poetry.
chester existed before there was any Colonial author-
It is difficult to see, on the whole, what such a book
ity to authorize their existence; before the economic
as this is good for, or to what class of readers or
conditions of the colony were developed; and before
students it is addressed. Besides its literary short-
any form of church government or land system had comings, the mechanical execution is bad in every
been decided upon. They started out from the very respect, and the German text is full of misprints
beginning as towns, and all their business was done
which even ordinary care might have avoided.
by popular vote in open town-meeting. When the
Colonial government was organized, these original The duties of women, when expounded by one of
towns were recognized as existing; and provision the sex who has experience, discernment, and the rare
was made for organizing other towns on the same gift of common-sense, constitute an engaging theme
model, and land was voted to committees for that at the present period. The subject has given rise to
purpose to be distributed to actual settlers. The a voluminous literature within the last quarter of a
rights and privileges of the new towns were also de century, and still has become neither exhausted nor
fined. Out of towns, as the primordial cell, was de wearisome. With the elevation and expansion of
veloped the County, the State, and the Nation. Dr. woman's aims and accomplishments, it assumes an
Channing endeavors to show that the English par ever new importance and warrants repeated discussion.
ish was the model on which the New England town Writings of the character of Marion Harland's recent
was formed, when in fact there was little or no an work entitled “Eve's Daughters” (Scribner) can-
alogy between them. The New England founders not fail of an audience and an influence for good.
were not copyists; but, on the other hand, took pride The name of the author, which has become a familiar
in adopting customs and forming institutions to suit one in American households, invests the book with a
themselves, and as unlike those of the mother coun peculiar interest at the outset. She handles the sub-
try as could well be. Marriage in England was a ject freely and fearlessly in all its phases and bear-
religious service; they made it a civil observance, ings, - bringing into her argument much that is
and required it to be done by a magistrate. In ar significant and valuable, although the multiplicity
ranging their ecclesiastical system, they made it as of anecdote and illustration often strains and weakens
unlike that of the English church as they could. The rather than strengthens the effect. The writer has
simplest explanation of the origin of the New England uttered her pleas and protests with unusual frank-
town system is in the statement that it was a natural ness, and yet with unfailing modesty and delicacy,
There is my grave,
For me is all


1885.]
303
THE DIAL
and speaks with courage on various points where a "The Aristocracy,” “Foreign Policy,” “Adminis-
false shame has imposed too generally an habitual tration and Police,” after which follow three chapters
and injurious silence. In the chapter on “ Reverence upon literature, art, etc. There are a number of
of Sex," she lays bare a fact which has not been as illustrative notes in an appendix, some statistical
clearly exposed before — to wit, that the ill-health of tables, and an index. In a “General Summary,'
the women of to-day is due less to voluntary sins of which ends the biography, the author defends his
their own against hygiene than to the neglect of hero against the charge of having fostered despotism.
their mothers, from a mistaken modesty, to enlighten From the point of view of the nineteenth century,
them with regard to facts essential for them to the accusation is not unfounded ; but despotism
know. The chapter above named, with those on means the stamping out of liberty, and we must
"Housekeeping and Home-keeping,” “Prince Charm- remember that during the reign of Louis XIII
ing,” and “Married,” are among the most useful in liberty did not exist. * * Richelieu delivered the
the volume ; yet they all abound in pertinent and people from the petty tyranny of the aristocracy,
forceful ideas and wholesome advice which every inspired them with the sense of their real dignity,
woman will find profit and comfort in, even if she be and made of them the sinews of the nation.”
so wise as to have wrought them long ago into the
texture of her daily life.
THE sixth volume of the revised edition of Ban.
croft's History (Appleton) appears at a very brief
interval after the fifth. So short a time has passed
One of the most difficult pieces of work yet done
in the series of American Men of Letters ” (Hough- has not found it necessary to make any material
since the original publication (1882) that the author
ton, Mifflin & Co.), is the biography of Poe, by Mr.
alterations in his work. The general division, into
George E. Woodberry. About the subject of this
work there has grown up a sort of legend, accepted all the same; the title only of one chapter--we
five Books, and the subdivision into chapters, are
by many as the correct account of Poe's career; and
believe but one—is changed. It is interesting to
the conflicting views of his biographers have served
From
to strengthen this popular misconception.
this mature work of Mr. Bancroft with the
compare
the scurrilous attack of Griswold to the eulogies of
recent brilliant sketch of the same period by Mr.
Gill and Ingram, we have had a succession of mem-
McMaster. Neither view is quite complete. The
oirs purporting to give the facts of Poe's life, and
vivid picture of society and of political history pre-
each one of these has been at variance with the oth sented by the young historian forms a very desirable
But
ers, not only as to the facts, but as to its estimate of supplement to the more solid work before us.
the poet's character as well. The work of Mr. Wood-
for a vigorous and cogent working out of cause and
berry for the first time places Poe in the true light, Mr. Bancroft's volume stands without a rival as the
effect in the years directly following the Revolution,
and provides an authentic account of his life. The
pains which the biographer has taken to clear up the history of a very important but very obscure and
mystery, to decide between opposing statements and very much neglected period of our national life.
definitely to settle each disputed detail, is deserving
Even he, however, bestows most attention rel tively
of very high praise—which may be none the less upon the Constitutional Convention and the begin-
fully given, even if he have failed to adequately pre-
nings of the republican government. His analysis of
sent the inner life of the man and the literary and
the work of the convention is remarkably lucid and
critical phase of his activity. These are not neg-
instructive ; the very titles of the chapters are a his-
lected, but seem to have been attended to in a per-
tory of the discussions, struggles, and compromisos
of the convention.
functory way, without the keen zest which has
evidently been felt in ferreting out the facts and MR. JOHN M. COMSTOCK, who is Chairman of the
laying bare previous misconceptions. If this is not United States Board of Examiners for the New York
at every point a satisfactory life of Poe, it is at all
customs service, has prepared a Manual of the Civil
events a work that had to be done before such a life Service for the use of those who contemplate apply-
should be possible; and it will, with its rich stores of ing for government positions, as well as for purposes
material now for the first time made public, be the of general reference. It is a catalogue of the odd
chief source of general information concerning its hundred thousand non-elective positions in the ser-
subject, as well as the chief authority for the future vice, with the manner of appointment and the salary
biographer.
attached to each. It keeps the classified service,
which comes under the act of 1883, distinct from the
THE“Society for the Diffusion of Christian Knowl- unclassified service, which still remains subject to the
edge” has added a life of Richelieu, by Gustave conditions of the spoils system. It is a trustworthy
Masson, to its excellent “Home Library” (New compilation, based upon the most recent reports and
York, Young). The author is well known as a other official documents. The civil service act and
thorough student of French history—the editor of rules are given in full, and all the information an
the French “Chroniclers,” published by the same applicant may need, as well as a large selection of
society,--and the present work shows him to be a the papers set for examinations in the different de-
good writer of English, and to possess the power to partments. A full account is also given of the civil
present a great historical theme in a forcible and service system of the states of New York and Massa-
attractive manner. The events of Richelieu's“ reign," chusetts, and the cities of Brooklyn and New York.
as the author is almost disposed to call it, are It is proposed to revise the work from time to time,
arranged in chapters according to subjects, rather thus keeping it abreast of the changes which future
than in a chronological sequence. Heads of chapters legislative and administrative measures may bring
are: “The Huguenots," “The Gallican Church, about. (Henry Holt & Co.)


304
[March,
THE DIAL
MR. J. MORRISON D vidson's “New Book of A LITTL« book called “Energy and Motion” (Cas-
Kings" (Roberts) is a fierce attack upon royalty, sell & Company) is prepared by William Price, for
both in the abstract and the concrete. It must be the purpose, as he says, of leading “up to the laws
confessed, when one runs over the list of English of motion from simple notions, rather than beginning
sovereigns, which is examined in detail, that there with those laws to deduce simple notions from them.'
is only here and there a monarch for whom one can The book is a very elementary treatise upon mechan-
have hearty respect, or say that the world is ics, adapted for high-school work. Practical appli-
much better for his having lived. Mr. Davidson cations of principles are well provided for by a large
would say that there is not even one ; and he forti number of carefully chosen exercises and problems.
fies his position by an array of facts which is really The traditional simple machines are explained and
formidable. If only one could be sure that here are discussed, but rather on account of their illustrative
all the facts that bear upon the question! It is one value than because their treatment is demanded in
of those books that irresistibly give the reader the such a book.
feeling that they present one side only, and neglect
THE “Little Arthur's History of France” (T. Y.
the other. Respect for one's intellectual soundness
Crowell & Co.) is constructed upon the same plan as
requires a suspension of judgment, and sends one to
“Little Arthur's History of England,” which has
Bagehot, Freeman, and others, to learn at least that
been a popular book with English children for many
there is another side. But no doubt the book will be
years; but the authorship of the present volume is
wholesome reading for those dyspeptic Americans
withheld. Whoever may claim the credit of the
who are dazzled by the traditions of monarchy, and
work, it is admirably done. The language is the
can see nothing but what is discreditable in their own
purest Saxon, and the command of diction is matched
history and institutions.
by a command of historical facts which are woven
into a narrative that rivals in attraction the liveliest
MR. ALEXANDER YOO NG'S “ History of the Nether-
lands (Estes & Lauriat) is every way a credit to fairy tale. If all history were made as enticing as
its author, and a positive addition to our literature. this, it would never be set before old or young as a
Its only fault is a lack of proportion, inasmuch as it task, but would be devoured like a romance.
gives almost its entire space to the period covered by
THERE are some useful suggestions to be gained,
Mr. Motley’s volumes. This is not because the by those who attempt to use the brush and palette
author borrows from Motley; rather, he makes use
without the aid of a teacher, from such works as
of newly-discovered evidence to correct him in vari- Frederick Tayler's “Studies in Animal Painting"
ous points. Without extenuating the horrors of the (Cassell). The plates convey an idea of the right
inquisition and the tyranny of the Spanish govern-
form and coloring which the pupil is to seek, while
ment, he makes more evident than Mr. Motley did the directions in the letter-press afford still further
the faults and excesses of the insurgents, and thus
assistance. In the book above mentioned, there are
makes more intelligible the causes of the partial eignteen colored drawings of domestic animals, show-
failure of the revolution. There are numerous illuis- | ing a variety of natural and interesting attitudes,
tratious; some excellent, others not so good.
but in many instances poorly reproduced by the
printing process.
Duval's treatise on "Artistic Anatomy” (Cassell)
is a work of high authority. Its author has for
many years filled the chair of plastic anatomy at the
Ecole des Beaux Arts at Paris, while at the same
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS.
time occupying other honorable positions in his spe-
cial department of science. The treatise is intended A VOLUME of Swinburne's prose essays is to be
for the use of artists who have in their studies made published this spring.
themselves familiar with the forms, attitudes, and A new portrait of Abraham Lincoln will appear in
movements of the human figure, and are prepared Harper's Magazine” for April.
for a scientific knowledge of the framework of the
body, of the bones, and the muscles whose action is
A copy of Vedder's “Omar Khayyám” has been
visible on the surface, and of the laws which govern
ordered by cable for the Queen of Italy.
HOLMES's
their motions and expressions. The text, which is
“Life of Emerson," published only last
clear although almost purely technical, is illustrated
December, is already in its eighth thousand.
by an abundance of drawings.
DR. W. M. TAYLOR's new “Life of John Knox"
is to be issued shortly by A. C. Armstrong & Son.
MRS. LYNCH-BOTTA's “Handbook of Universal
Mark Twain, who appears to be a favorite in Eng-
Literature," published twenty-five years ago, has land, will visit that country in May and give readings
been revised by the author, brought down to the
from his works.
latest date, and issued in a new edition by Houghton,
Miffin & Co. It is a useful work for reference or
The sale in England of George Eliot's Life has
study, being a condensed epitome of the literatures
been so large that the presses have with difficulty
of ancient and modern nations, arranged in a sys-
kept up with orders.
tematic and conven ent form. The mass of informa-
GEORGE EBERS' latest romance, “Serapis,” trans-
tion it contains represents the labor of years and
lated from the German by Clara Bell, is published
saves the reader a world of wide and often fruitless by W. S. Gottsberger, New York.
66
research. "Such products of industrious toil are to Purnam's Soxs announce a new work on socialistie
be accepted gratefully by those for whom they are
wrought.
theories of land-tenure, entitled “ Man's Birthright,
or the Higher Law of Property," by E. H. G. Clark.


1885.)
305
THE DIAL
66
MACMILLAN & Co. have just issued " The Patri Scotian life, by Miss M. C. L. Reeves and Emily
archal Theory," a study of primitive institutions, by Read; and a new society novel called “A Carpet
Mr. McLennan, an English writer.
Knight," by the author of "Cupid and the Sphinx."
PROF. THOROLD ROGERS, the well known author of A new work by Anna Harriette Leonowens, author
economic works, is preparing a book on the progress of “The English Governess at the Siamese Court,"
of the privileges of British citizenship.
is announced by Porter & Coates. It is called “ Life
Miss LITCHFIELU'S “ Century story,
6 The
and Travel in India," and treats chiefly of the sights,
Knight of the Black Forest,” will be published in scenes, daily life, manners, customs, religious rites,
book form by G. P. Putnam's Sons, with the original and observances of the many differing races in Hin-
illustrations.
dostan. The same firm will publish early in March
The series of war papers in “ The Century” has
a fine illustrated edition (limited to 450 copies) of
given the circulation of that magazine an extraordi-
the “Ingoldsby Legends," by Richard Harris Bar-
ham.
nary impetus. Of the May number, containing the
contribution of Gen. McClellan, it is said the first STORMONTH's English Dictionary, a work that has
edition will be 250,000.
before been spoken of in these columns, has com-
HENRY HOLT & Co. have published " The Rise of pleted its allotted course as numbers (twenty-three
Intellectual Liberty from Thales to Copernicus," by
in all) in the Franklin Square Library, and now ap-
Frederick May Holland, author of " Reign of the
pears as a handsome volume of 1248 imperial octavo
Stoics," etc. He hopes to continue the work to the
pages. Its publishers, Harper & Brothers, may
time of the French Revolution.
reasonably hope that the substantial merits of the
work, together with its low price ($6 in cloth binding),
Mr. H. F. KEENAN, the putative author of " The
will give it a leading place as a popular English dic-
Money-Makers,” is announced as the author of a
tionary.
novel called “Trajan," which Cassell & Co. will pub-
lish shortly. Portions of " Trajan" appeared in that
THE “Pall Mall Gazette” gives an interview with
dow defunct magazine “ The Manhattan.”
Dr. Richard Garnett, the superintendent of the
British Museum reading-room, who said that the
A NEw novel by the author of "Phyllis" and
number of readers at the Museum has recently largely
Molly Bawn," is just published, with the title “In
Durance Vile,” by J. B. Lippincott & Co.; also, by cation of valuable works of reference, which gave
increased. This increase he attributed to the publi-
the same firm, “Robert Ord's Atonement,” by Rosa
readers increased facilities of access to the sources of
N. Carey, author of "Not Like Other Girls."
information. Among the three works of reference
PRAED's complete poems, in a new and revised mentioned, was “ Poole's Index to Periodical Liter-
one-volume edition, with etched vignette of the author, ature."
are published by White, Stokes & Allen. The same
The third volume in Scribner's attractive series of
firm issues also “Fifty Salads," by Thomas J. Mur-
“Personal Traits of British Authors ” has appeared,
rey, a companion volume to his "Fifty Soups "; and
a number of attractive illustrated volumes for Easter.
and will be followed promptly by volume four, com-
pleting the series. The subjects of the volumes are:
An excellent project is Ginn, Heath & Co's “Edu- 1-Byron, Shelley, Moore, Rogers, Keats, Southoy,
cational Classics," a series of translations and re Landor; II—Wordsworth, Coleridge, Lamb, Hazlitt,
prints of books that have especially contributed to Hunt, Proctor; III-Scott, Hogg, Campbell, Chal-
the solution of educational problems. The first vol mers, Wilson, De Quincey, Jeffrey; IV-Hood, Ma-
ume in the series is “Extracts from Rousseau's Emile,” caulay, Sidney Smith, Jerrold, Thackeray, Dickens,
and the second an abridged translation of Pestalozzi's and Charlotte Bronte.
remarkable work, “Leonard and Gertrude."
The latest instalment of Mr. Howells's “Century"
EDWIN ARNOLD's new volume, soon to be issued story, “] he Rise of Silas Lapham,” introduces
by Roberts Brothers, is called “ The Secret of Death, several episodes of uncommon moment—a call by
and contains a version of the “ Katha Upanishad,” | Mr. Corey at Col. Lapham's place of business ; an
from the Sanskrit, with some collected poems. A invitation to Mr. Corey to ride behind the Colonel's
new volume by the author of "A Little Pilgrim fast mare, declined ; and a resolve by the Coreys to
and “Old Lady Mary” is announced by the same invite the Laphams to dinner. Such prodigality of
firm; it will contain two stories, “ The Open Door" incident will, we fear, surprise the admirers of Mr.
and “The Portrait."
Howells, who would be sorry to see him acquiring
A DICTIONARY of literary disguises, entitled “Ini the habits of a literary spendthrift.
tials and Pseudonyms,” prepared by the Rev. Wm. D. APPLETON & Co's latest publications include
Cushing, is announced by T. Y. Crowell & Co. It “Greece in the Times of Homer," by T. T. Timay-
will contain an alphabetical index to about 10,000 enes ;
A Popular Exposition of Electricity,” with
initials and pseudonyms, and some 6,500 names of sketches of some of its discoverers, by Martin S.
authors to whom they refer, with brief biographical Brendan; the sixth and concluding volume of “ Ban-
particulars; forming a volume of between five hun croft's History of the United States," revised ; and
dred and six hundred pages.
three new novels—"Roslyn's Fortune,” by Christian
JOSEPH THOMPSON's “ Through Masai Land,” the Reid ; “The Crime of Christmas Day," by the
latest work on African exploration, and regarded in
author of “My Ducats and My Daughter," and
England as the most entertaining since Stanley's
" Addie's Husband," anonymous.
“Through the Dark Continent,” will be republished HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co. have just published
by Houghton, Mimin & Co. The same firm will a new volume of Poems by Mrs. Piatt, written dur-
issue shortly
“Pilot Fortune," a story of Nova / ing a residence in Ireland, with the title “ An Irish
66


306
[March,
THE DIAL
Garland”; also, a biography of John Marshall, by thus making the whole a very useful work of refer-
A. B. Magruder, the twelfth volume of the “ Amer ence for everything relating to the climatic conditions
ican Statesmen " Series ; a new chapter of Virginian of the different sections of this country.
chronicles, by John Esten Cooke, under the title of MR. MATTHEW ARNOLD's article in the “Nineteenth
My Lady Pokahontas"; a volume of short stories Century,” called “A Word More About America,”
by P. Deming, “ Tompkins, and Other Folks”; and
will contain a surprise for those who suppose he can
several volumes in the new popular edition of Mrs. think and say nothing good about America. It has
Stowe's novels.
no empty complimentary phrases—for Mr. Arnold
The first number of “ Mind in Nature," a monthly never deals in such—but its general drift and mean-
"journal of psychical, medical, and scientific informa- ing are complimentary. He treats mainly of our
tion,” is to appear in Chicago in March. One of its political institutions; and these he finds to fit our
chief aims, according to the prospectus, will be to people perfectly, sitting close where tney should be
gather information on the subject of “ Telepathy," close and easy where freedom is needed: indeed, he
and to collate notable cases of mind cure, and faith knows no country where the institutions are so
or prayer cure, which latter are to be presented “in entirely suited to the citizens. How well he appre-
a reverent as well as a scientific spirit.” It will be ciates these institutions will be seen not so much in
a 16-page paper, at $1 per year, published by Mr. J. the praises he bestows upon them as in the fact that
E. Woodhead, 171 West Washington street, Chicago. his whole article leads up to the conclusion, which he
SEVERAL important works are just published by does not hesitate to state, that England's best way
Cassell & Co., among them the new “Dictionary of
out of the many difficulties which now beset her would
English History," a large octavo volume of 1120
be found in more closely modelling her own govern-
ment
pages, edited by S. J. Low, B.A., and F. S. Pulling,
that of the United States. He is clearly
upon
M.A.; “ Italy from the Fall of Napoleon I, in 1815,
of opinion not only that the House of Lords must
to the death of Victor Emanuel, in 1878," by Mr.
go, but that it should go; and he would substitute
J. W. Probyn, a resident of Italy for ten years; a
for it an elective senate like the American. He
memoir of Dr. Humphry Sandwith, by Thomas
would even divide the United Kingdom into states,
of which Ireland, for instance, should furnish three
Humphrey Ward; a work on “ Popular Gardening,"
or four; and these should have their own local gov-
with illustrations; and volume two of “Greater Lon-
don,” by Edward Walford.
ernments and legislatures holding the same relations
to the government at London that our states hold to
HARPER & BROTHERS' latest publications include: the government at Washington. The most ardent
“A Popular Manual of English Literature,” con American could scarcely ask for higher praise than
taining outlines of the literature of France, Germany, this; and the wonder is that our daily press has had
Italy, Spain, and the United States, with historical, so little of comment and so little of quotation from
scientific, and art notes, diagrams, etc.; the “Life the article. As usual, his observations are clothed
and Letters of George Eliot,” in three volumes, in English which it is a delight to read.
cloth, also in Franklin Square Library; “ Life and
Times of the Rev. Sydney Smith," by Stuart J. Reid;
Books IV and V of Merriam's Herodotus; and the
“Friendly Edition” of Shakespeare, complete in
GORDON.
twenty volumes 16mo.
The trustees of the Boston Public Library about
Great soul, that scorned ignoble ease,
a year ago offered $10,000, in four premiums of
Still lit with faith's undying flame,
$4,000, $3,000, $2,000, and $1,000, for plans for its
And genius ever prompt to seize
new library building. Some ten or more competitors War's swift occasions as they came, -
presented plans, and the four premiums have been
awarded ; but the trustees have rejected them all as
We hoped he could not fail to save;
unsuitable for their purpose. They say the money
We hoped, · but under alien skies,
Far off, within his bloody grave,
has been judiciously expended, as the experience
Struck by the traitor steel, he lies.
they now have is valuable to them. As the trustees
furnished the competitors with specific plans on Is this the end? Forbid the thought!
which to work, there are practical people who think The servant follows still the Lord;
that this is an expensive way of educating a board
For each hath death the victory wrought-
of trustees in the mysteries of library architecture.
With Him the cross, with thee the sword.
DR. CHARLES DENISON, of Denver, Colo., a lead-
The Savior dies, betrayed, alone,
ing member of the medical profession, who published
His Israel unredeemed; but still
Grows to a mightier world-wide throne
a book on “Rocky Mountain Health Resorts
The felon Cross on Calvary's hill.
years ago, has lately prepared a series of “ Climatic
Maps of the United States,” for the purpose of pre Nor thou, great soul, was spent in vain,
senting graphically the results of such meteorologi Though noblest of our latest days;
cal statistics as those of cloudiness, temperature, rain-
While from the tropic Nile-washed plain
fall, winds, humidity, etc. The series includes a
The echo of thy deathless praise
map representing the averages for the entire year, Shall bring across each petty strife,
and four seasonal maps for the separate treatment of And base desire, and meaner aim,
the divisions of the year. The maps are also pro The vision of a holier life,
vided with tables in which such statistics as do not
A loftier purpose, purer fame.
readily admit of graphic treatment are summarized,
(Alfred Church, in London Spectator.)
66
some


1885.]
307
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
MARCH, 1885.
Adams, John, Life of. Wm. Henry Smith. Dial.
Astoria, the Story of. P. Koch. Mag. Am. History.
Astronomy, the New. S. P. Langley. Century.
Barry, William. Daniel Goodwin. Mag. Am. History.
Bellingham, Governor. E. H. Goss. Mag. Am. History.
Brain of Man, the. A. L. Ranney. Harper'8.
Buddhist Charity. F. M. Müller. No. Am. Rev.
Cancer, English Experience with. H. P. Dunn. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Cape Ann Quarries. Ellen D. Hale. Harper's.
Carlyle, Thomas. D. H. Chamberlain. Andover Rev.
Cat-Bird, Tricks and Manners of. Olive T. Miller. Harper's.
Cholera. Max von Pettenkofer. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Colonies, the Consolidation of. Brooks Adams, Atlantic.
Contidence of the Dead. Andover Rev.
Constitution, our Working. Albert Shaw. Diul.
Continuity of Christian Thought. E. C. Smith. Andover Rev.
Cookery, Chemistry of. W. M. Williams. Pop. Sci. Mo.
De Belle Isle, Monsieur. Charles Dimitry. Mag. Am. History.
Dickens's Reading Tours. Dial.
Dolphin, Superstitions about the. Dr. Biederman. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Dominica, an Excursion into. Fr. Johow. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Eliot, George, Life of. Rossiter Johnson. Dial.
Fairfaxes of Yorkshire and Virginia. R. Wheatly. Mag. Am. Hist.
False Prophet, Land of the. R. E. Colston. Century.
Fishing in Chinese Waters. M. M. Jametel. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Fungi in Winter. B. D. Halsted. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Future Retribution. F. W. Farrar. No. Am. Rev.
Gordon at Khartoum. Andover Rev.
Hill, Octavia Ada. Work in London, Harper's.
House of Orange, the. W. T. Hewett. Harper's.
Industrial Education. F. H. North. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Insects, Parental Foresight of. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Instinct, Darwinian Theory of. G. J. Romanes. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Iron-Clads, First Fight of. J. T. Wood. Century.
Jefferson's Financial Diary John Bigelow. Harper's.
Lyon, General. W. A. Hammond. Mug. Am. History.
Madame Mohl. Kathleen O'Meara. Atlantic.
Masonic Charter, an old. O. J. Harvey. Mag. Am. History.
Medical Expert Testimony. F H. Hamilton. Pop. Sci. Mo.
"Merrimac," Watching the. R. E. Colston. Century.
Mexico. Sylvester Baxter. Atlantic,
Mind in Men and Animals. G. J. Romanes.
"Monitor," in the Turret of. S. D. Greene. Century.
New Portfolio, the. 0. W. Holmes, Atlantic.
O'Conor, Charles. John Bigelow. Century.
Old Virginia Town, an. Frederick Daniel. Harper's.
Optimism. Mark Hopkins. Andover Rev.
Politics, Speculation in. J. A. Jameson. No. Am. Rev.
Political Americanisms. Col. Norton. Mag. Am. History.
Painless Extinction of Life. B. W. Richardson. Pop. Sci. Mo,
Porter's Moral Science. John Bascom. Dial.
Psychology, the New. G. S. Hall. Andover Rev.
Quatrefages, M. de. Pop. Sci. Mo,
Railway Land-Grants. J. W. Johnston. No. Am. Rev.
Recollections of a Private. W L. Goss. Century.
Reformation in Theology. E. V. Gerhart. Andover Rev.
Scandinavian Lutheran Church, M. W. Montgomery, Andove i Rev.
Schools, the Crusade against. Andover Rev.
Science in Politics. F. W. Clark, Pop. Sci. Mo.
Shakespeare's Comedies, Time in. H. A. Clapp. Atlantic.
Shak-pere, the Worship of. 0. B. Frothingham. Century.
Snow, Edith M. Thomas. Atlantic.
Theology, Reformation in. E. V. Gerhart. Andover Rev.
Tholuck, Early Life of. J. H. Shickenberg. Andover Rev.
Time, Accurate Measurement of. T. B. Willson. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Titles, Use and Abuse of. D. C. Gilman. No. Am. Rev.
Turgenetf, the Mother of. Clara B. Martin, Atlantic.
Vivisection, Moral Aspects of. N. K. Davis. No. Am. Rev.
Washington Homes. E. W. Lightner. Harper's.
Webster, Daniel. S. M. Allen. Century.
The Life of James Clerk Maxwell. With Selections from
his correspondence and occasional writings. By L. Campbell,
M.A., LL.D., and W. Garnett, M.A. New Edition, abridged
and revised. London. $2.25.
Charles Dickens as I Knew Him. The Story of the Read-
ing Tours in Great Britain and America, (1866-1870.) By
Geo. Dolby. Pp. 466. $2.
Women of the Day. A Biographical Dictionary of Notable
Contemporaries. By F. Hays. Pp. 224. 1.50.
H01 Success is Won. By Mrs. Sarah K. Bolton.
Pp. 245.
Biographical Sketches with Portraits. $1.
The Sea Fathers: A Series of Lives of Great Navigators. By
C. R. Markham, C.B., F.R.S. Pp. 221. $1.25.
HISTORY AND TRAVEL.
History of the United States of America. From the Dis.
covery of the Continent. By George Bancroft. The Author's
last revision. Vol. VI., completing the work. 8vo. Portrait.
Per vol. $2.50.
Dictionary of English History. Edited by S. J. Dow, B.A.,
and F. S. Pulling, M.A. 8vo, pp. 1120. $6.
Greater London. A Narrative of its History, its People, and its
Places. By E. Walford. Illustrated. 8vo. Vol. II. $4.
The Rise of Intellectual Liberty. From Thales to Coper-
nicus. By F. M. Holland. 8vo, pp. 458. $3.50.
My Lady Pokahontas. A True Relation of Virginia. Writ
by Anas Todkill, Puritan and Pilgrim, with notes by J. E.
Cooke. P. 190. $1.25.
Italy. From the Fall of Napoleon I. to the Death of Victor
Emanuel. By J. W. Probyn. $2.
Old-World Questions, and New World Answers. By D. Pid-
geon, F.G.S., Assoc. Inst. C. E. Pp. 369. London. Net, $2.65.
Greece in the Times of Homer. An Account of the Life,
Customs and Habits of the Greeks during the Homeric
Period. By T. T. Timayenis. Pp. 302. $1.50.
Letters to Guy. By Lady Barker. London. $1.50.
POETRY.
Becket. By Alfred Lord Tennyson. $1.50.
Poetical Works of Robert Burns. Chronologically arranged,
with notes, glossaries, and index. 3 vols., gilt tops. Edinburgh.
Portrait. Cloth, net, $2.25 ; half calf, net, $4.50; full polished
calf, net, $6,75.
Representatire German Poems. Ballad and Lyrical. Origi-
nal Texts with English Versions. Edited with notes. By
Karl Knortz, 8vo. pp. 352. $3.50.
The Poetical Works of John Keats. Reprinted from the
original edition, with notes. By F. T. Palgrave. Golden
Treasury Series. London. $1.25.
Edwin Arnold Birthday Book. Compiled from the works
of Edwin Arnold, with new and additional poems written
expressly therefor. Edited by his daughters. Pp. 441. $1.
A Midsummer Holiday, and other Poems. By. A. C. Swin-
burne. Pp. 189. $1.50.
The Poems of W. M. Praed, Revised and complete edition.
With memoir by the Rev. D. Coleridge. Pp. 443, gilt edges.
$2.
The Gray Masque, and other Poems. By Mary B. Dodge.
Pp. 285. $1.25.
An Irish Garland. By Mrs. S. M. B. Piatt. Pp. 62. $1.
GOVERNMENT-FINANCE.
The Civil Service in the United States. From the Re-
ports of 1884. A catalogue of all non-elective positions with
the compensation of each and full information in regard to
the open competitive examinations, et': By J. M. Comstock.
Pp. 602. $2.
Mining Camps. A Study in American Frontier Government.
By C. H. Shinn. 8vo., pp. 316. $2.
The Patriachial Theory. Based on the Papers of the late J.
F. McLennan. Edited and completed by D. McLennan. Lon.
don. $4.
The Works of 0. A. Broionson. Collected and arranged by H.
F. Brownson, Vol. XVI, containing the second part of the
Political Writings. 8vo, pp. 594. Net, $3.
The Standard Dollar. By H. W. Richardson, Economic
Tracts. No. XV. Paper, 25 cents.
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
[The following List includes all New Books, American and Foreign,
received during February by MESSRS. JANSEN, MCCLURG & Co.,
Chicago.]
BIOGRAPHY.
George Eliot's Life. As Related in her Letters and Journals.
Arranged and Edited by her husband, J. W. Cross. Portrait
and illustrations. 3 vols. Uniforni with Harper's Library
Edition of George Eliot's Works. $3.75.
Personal Traits of British duthors. Edited by E. T.
Mason. Vol. 3. Containing Scott, Hogg, Campbell, Chal-
mers, Wilson, DeQuincey, Jeffrey. Pp. 345. Portraits. $1.50.
John Marshall. By Allan B. Magruder. "Ameriean States-
men." Pp. 290. $1.25.
Memoir of Dr. Humphrey Sanduich. Compiled from
Autobiographical Notes. By T. H. Ward. $2.50.
An Actor's Tour; or, Seventy Thousand Miles with Shake-
speare. By D. E. Bandmann. Edited by E. Gisley. With por-
trait after W. M. Hunt. Pp. 303. $2.
PRACTICAL SCIENCE.
The Manufacture of Leather: being a description of all of
the processes for the Tanning, Tawing, Currying, Finishing,
and Dyeing of every kind of Leather, etc. By C. T. Davis.
Illustrated. 8vo, pp. 824. $10.
A Pocket-Book of Electrical Rules and Tables. For the
use of Electricians and Engineers. By. J. Munro, C.E., and
A. Jamieson, A.M.I.C.E., F.R.S.E. Second Edition, revised.
Leather. London. $3.
The Complete Practical Machinist: Embracing Lathe
Work, Vise Work, Drills and Drilling, Taps and Dies, Harden-
ing and Tempering, the Making and Use of Tools, etc. By
J. Rose. Thirteenth Elition, thoroughly revised, and in great
part rewritten, Pp. 439. $2.50.


308
[March,
THE DIAL
Locomotive Engine Running and Management, etc. By
A. Sinclair. $2.
A Popular Erposition of Electricity. With sketches of
some of its Discoverers. By M, S. Brennan. 75 cents.
Energy and Motion. A Text-Book of Elementary Mechan-
ics. By W. Price, M.A. Pp. 114. 75 cents.
“ Inter-
NATURAL SCIENCE-ART
The Universe of Suns, and other Science Gleanings. By R.
Proctor Illustrated. Pp. 401. $2.25.
Origin of Cultivated Plants. By A. DeCandolle.
national Scientific Series." Pp. 468. $2.
Geonomy: Creation of the Continents by the Ocean Currents.
An advanced system of Physical Geology and Geography. By.
J. S. Grimes. Pp. 116. $1.
Artistic Anatomy. From the French of M. Duval. Pp. 324. $2.
ORATORY-EDUCATIONAL.
American Orations. From the Colonial Period to the Pres-
ent Time. Edited, with introductions and notes, by A.
Johnston. 3 vols. $3.75.
The Sirth and Seventh Books of Herodotus.
With &
Life of Herodotus, an epitome of his history, a summary of
the dialect and explanatory notes. By A. C. Merriam, Ph.D.
" Harper's Classical Series." Edited by H. Drissler, LL.D.
Pp. 369. Net, $1.50.
Appleton's Chart-Primer. Exercises in reading at sight,
and language and color lessons for beginners. By Rebecca
D. Rickoff. Pp. 48. Boards. Net, 38 cents.
Friends in Feathers and Fur, and other Neighbors. For
Young Folks. By J. Johonnot. Natural History Series. Book
Second. Pp. 140. Illustrated. Boards. Net, 35 cenis.
Queen of Hearts. A Dramatic Fantasia. By J. B. G. “Diver-
sions for Students." Pp. 46. Paper, 22 cents.
Stories for Young Children. By E. A. Turner. Pp. 87.
Paper, 12 cents.
Syllabus of a Course on Modern Methods in Analytic Geometry.
Paper, 10 cents.
RELIGIOUS.
Occasional Sermons. Selected from published sermons of
Rev. E. B. Pusey. With a preface by the Rev. R. F. Wilson,
Pp. 400. $2.25.
Ecclesiology. A treatise on the Church and Kingdom of God
on earth. By E. D. Morris, D D. 8vo, pp. 187. $1.75.
Life and Work in Benares and Kumaon. 1839–1877. By J,
Kennedy, M.A. With an introductory note by Sir W. Muir.
K.C.S.I., etc. Pp. 392. $2.
The Missing Link in Modern Spiritualism. By A. Leah
Underhill. Revised and arranged by a Literary Friend. Il-
lustrated. Pp. 477. $2.
Daily Thoughts. Selected from the writings of Charles
Kingsley. By his Wife. London, $2.
Outlines of the Philosophy of Religion. Dictated portions
of the Lectures of Hermann Lotze. Translation edited by
G. T. Ladd. Pp. 162. $1.
A Kalendar of the English Church, and Ecclesiastical Al-
manack for 1885. London. Boards, 75 cents.
Some Thoughts from the Ordinal. By B. F. Westcott, D.D.,
DC.L. London, 50 cents.
Lift Up Your Hearts; or, Helpful Thoughts for Overcoming
the World. Compiled and arranged by Rose Porter. Pp.
162. 25 cents.
Hints to Sunday-school Teachers. By the Rev. G. W. Doug-
las. Pp. 64. 20 cents.
Gems by the Wayside. Verses appropriate for Easter. Se-
lected by Mrs. A. N. Bullens. Vellum paper covers. 75 cents.
Easter. Appropriate Sentiments. Compiled and arranged by
Rose Porter. Fringed covers. 50 cents,
FICTION.
The Money Makers. A Social Parable. $1.
Roslyn's Fortune. By C. Reid. $1.25.
Tarantella. A Romance. By Mathilde Blind Pp. 488. $1.50,
Miss Bretherton. By Mrs. H. Ward. London. $1.
Weird Talex. By E. T. W. Hoffmann. A new translation from
the German, with a biographical memoir. By J. T. Bealby,
B.A. 2 vols. $3.
Interrupted. By Pansy. Pp. 443. $1.50.
Plucky Boys. By the author of "John Halifax, Gentleman,"
and other authors. Pp. 345. $1.50.
In Durance Vile. By "The Duchess." Paper, 25 cents
cloth, 75 cents.
A Double Masquerade. A Romance of the Revolution. By
C. R. Talbot. 307. $1.25.
Robert Ord's Atonement. By Rosa N. Carey. Paper, 25
cents; cloth, 75 cents.
Within the Shadow. By Dorothy Holroyd. Pp. 322. $1.25.
The Wane of an Ideal. From the Italian of La Marchesa
Columbi. Pp. 260. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, 90 cents.
An Echo of Passion. By G. P. Lathrop. . New Edition. Pp.
230. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.
Jill. By E. A. Dillwyn. London. $1.
The Little Schoolmaster Mark. By J. H. Shorthouse. Part
II. London. 75 cents.
Stories by American Authors-IX. Pp. 180. 60 cents.
Daddy Darwin's Dovecot. A country tale. By Juliana H.
Ewing. Illustrated by R. Caldecott. Pp. 62. Boards, 35 cents.
Addie's Husband. Paper, 25 cents.
The Crime of Christmas Day. A tale of the Latin Quarter.
By the author of "My Ducats and my Daughter." Pp. 168.
Paper, 25 cents.
FRANKLIN BQUARE LIBRARY.
The White Witch. 20 cents.
Ichabod. By Bertha Thomas. 15 cents.
George Eliot's Life. By J. W. Cross. 3 Parts. 45 cents.
Great Porter Square. By B. L. Farjeon. 20 cents.
Miss Brown. By Vernon Lee. 20 cents.
BOOKS FOR THE LENTEN SEASON AND EASTER
Church Reader for Lent. A selection of forty-seven Read-
inge froin modern authors, adapted to use in church services,
or for private reading. $1.25.
Some Quiet Lenten Thoughts. Meditations for the forty
days of Lent. By Rev. T. Birkett Dover. Net, 75 cents.
Footprints of the Son of Man, as traced by St. Mark. Be-
ing eighty portions for private study, family reading, and in-
struction in church. By Rev. H. M. Luckock, D.D. 2 vols.
$3.50.
Via Crucis et Lucis; or, Meditations for Passion and Easter-
tide. 45 cents.
The World as the Subject of Redemption. Being an
attempt to set forth the functions of the church as designed
to embrace the whole race of mankind. By Rev. W. H.
Freemantle. Bampton Lectures for 1883. $4.50.
Good Friday. Addresses on the Seven Last Words. By Rev.
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1885.1
309
THE DIAL
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(March, 1885.
THE DIAL
IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS.
LIFE AND TIMES OF THE REV.SYDNEY
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THE DIAL
315
THE POCAHONTAS STORY.
W. F. Poole
318
Herbert B.
A DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH HISTORY.
Adams
323
RECENT FICTION.
He was
331
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
333
Mrs. Fenwick Miller's Life of Harriet Martineau.- Ward's
of British Authors.
Mrs. Leonowen's Life and Travels
337
338
338
Vol. V.
APRIL, 1885. No. 60. really a “life nor a “study”; it is a sketch
for a portrait, drawn by an admirer. Its value
is in the fact that it consists mainly of extracts
CONTENTS.
from Bismarck's letters, speeches, and private
conversations. The good Herr Busch is a new
THE CHANCELLOR BISMARCK, N. M. Wheeler
kind of Boswell.
Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schön-
hausen was the fourth child of his parents-
a family of the oldest and starkest Brandenburg
RUDIMENTARY GOVERNMENT. James 0. Pierce 325 nobility,— born on the family estates near Sten-
William Morton Payne
326 dal, about sixty miles west of Berlin.
a boy tender and fond of home, a young man
HAMERTON'S LANDSCAPE. Horatio N. Pouers
bold, wild, and vigorous; the best boxer, fen-
cer, drinker, and rider of his university, a com-
Obiter Dicta.-Mrs. Oliver's Biography of Dean Stanley.--
plete “Junker” in both body and mind. His
Göttingen reputation was that of one who
Memoir of Humphry Sandwith.-Mason's Personal Traits
never studied--one professor averring that he
in India.- Probyn's Italy, from the Fall of Napoleon I. in never saw Bismarck in his lecture room ; and
1815 to the Death of Victor Emmanuel in 1878.-Walford's
it seems he maintained this standard pretty
Greater London, Vol. II.- Timayenis's Greece in the
Time of Homer.--Gildersleeve's The Olympian and Pyth-
well afterward at Berlin, and then at Greifs-
ian Odes of Pindar.-Merriam's Herodotus.-Mrs. Ewing's
walde, though at the former place he passed
Daddy Darwin's Dovecot.- Hare's Sketches in Holland - it has been alleged, with difficulty.- his
and Scandinavia.- Discriminate.
Staats-Examen, and became Auscultator-the
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS
first step in the German advocate's career ;
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS FOR APRIL -
and at the latter he began those studies in the
science of husbandry, especially in forestry, in
BOOKS OF THE MONTH -
which he is now an expert. During this period,
however, he is credited with a taste for his-
tory — in maturer years his chief study –
THE CHANCELLOR BISMARCK.*
especially the history of the Fatherland ; and
(Ætat 70.)
it is curious to note that at Göttingen John
On the first day of this month of April, Lothrop Motley was among his student friends.
Prince Bismarck, and the German people with He has had the grace and sense to repent of
him, celebrate the seventieth anniversary of these early days — his Wanderjahre, - for at
the great Chancellor's birth. It is an event of thirty-six he wrote to his wife: “If only it
much more than local or family interest, and would please God to fill up with clear strong
may well invite to a fresh survey of that wine the vessel in which at twenty-one the
remarkable life, now just passing the normal muddy champagne of youth frothed up to so
limit. For even if Bismarck is not, as many little purpose !” That was after he had begun
think him, “the leading citizen and present his public career. He had been living on the
governing power of the world,” his career family estates in Pomerania since 1839—having
stands already among the dozen or so that previously been on Government service a short
make the sum of modern history. Hitherto time at Aix la Chapelle, and served his year of
the materials for a fair comprehension of the military duty at Potsdam, -managing the ex-
man have not been easily accessible. Of recent tensive lands of the Bismarck family with his
books there was scarcely anything better than brother, when in 1845 the father died, and the
Herbert Tuttle's “German Leaders,” dating estates were divided, Schönhausen falling to
from 1876, - for Towle's very slight sketch is Otto. Two years after, he married, and about
not really worth mentioning, -and the main
- and the main the same time was chosen by his fellow land-
dependence of the inquirer was the abundant owners of Prussian Saxony to the "Assembly
but elusive literature of the periodicals. But of the Estates” of Prussia, in 1847. This may
last summer the semi-official biography of Herr be taken as marking the beginning of the
Busch appeared in English dress, and supplied second stage of Bismarck's life.
abundant materials for the study of certain At that time no one would have seen the
phases of the Chancellor's career. This is not statesman and the diplomat in the big burly
Pomeranian, known the country over as der
tolle Junker" -- the Mad Squire, who alter-
By Moritz Busch. Translated by Beatty-Kingston. New York :
nately harried the neighbors with wild pranks,
* OUR CHANCELLOR,
SKETCHES FOR A HISTORICAL PICTURE.
Charles Scribner's Sons.


316
[April,
THE DIAL
and shut himself up to long hard reading of but determined King. Within twenty-four
hard books in history and jurisprudence. At hours a telegram went to Paris. Before forty-
Göttingen he had been a follower of Spinoza ; eight hours had passed, Bismarck stood before
then a pessimist; it was only natural, there his sovereign to receive his commands as Min-
fore, that he should now fall in love with and ister President of Prussia.
marry a most demure pietist, or “Quakeress," From that day the world knows his career.
and himself settle down into a solid sort of He has maintained himself in that office, with
conservative orthodoxy, which seems to take no slight breaks of voluntary resignation, now nigh
great account of creeds and forms but to be twenty-three years. The struggle with Prussia's
immovable as to all that he deems fundamental. representatives went on. King William was
We will confine our view to his political career. bent on creating a powerful army and ruling
He was a member of the “National Assembly" with a strong, albeit a kindly, hand. Bismarck
of 1818, and of the “preliminary parliaments” earnestly supported him. He had a nobler, a
of Erfurt and Frankfurt. What part he played more distant and difficult, end in view. And
in those wonderful years of enthusiasm and he had something for that army to do that
disappointment may easily be guessed. He could not yet be told aloud. He had resolved
was still the Junker; and he was nothing else. to cast Austria out of the German communion
He gloried in it. He was mediaval in his con as a necessary antecedent to the solid basing of
servatism ; so extreme an advocate of absolute German unity. And he had already declared,
royalty that he injured his own cause, though in 1859, that this was “a disease that could be
he secured recognition and promotion for his healed only ferro et igni.” The unity of Ger-
terrific zeal and energy. As late even as 1854 many had grown to be his great passion. His
he “would knock the Revolution on the head.” conception of Prussian monarchy, so hateful to
When the defunct Diet of the German Empire, the Constitutionalists, was his means to that
scared to death in 1848, was revived in 1851, end. He saw no other. It was while trying
Bismarck was in the Prussian legation to the to persuade the committee of the stubborn
Diet, at Frankfurt, and was friendly to Austria. Landtag, at the beginning of the struggle, that
Three months later, he was the plenipotentiary, he used the famous words: “The battles of
guiding Prussian policy there, and now hostile this generation must be fought out with blood
to Austria. Here is really the turning-point, and iron.” The Landtag did not give way;
rather the beginning, of his career. Before, but they were outgeneralled and overcome,
he seems to have had no more notion of a against law.
great policy than Prince Rupert at the head of Meanwhile, from 1863 onward, the Schles-
his cavaliers. After that, he was a Strafford. wig-Holstein affair unfolded its slow and tort-
What wrought the change was contact with uous length. Prussia and Austria conquered
facts. Frankfurt was then “a watch-tower in luckless, though not blameless, Denmark, in
Central Europe.” Thence one might see the 1864; and Bismarck's hand, gathering in the
marshalling array of coming events. And Bis- fruits for Prussia, provoked Austria to the war
marck saw.
for which the man of “ blood and iron " had
In 1855–7 he was on Government service in been preparing since, in 1856, looking from
Paris, and travelling in Holland, Belgium, Den the watch-tower in Frankfurt toward Vienna,
mark, and Sweden. In 1859, by favor of he had declared: “Germany is not big enough
Prince William, then Regent, he was Minister for us both.” June 14, 1866, that war began;
at St. Petersburg ; in 1861, Minister at Paris. July 3 was the day of Sadowa; July 26, there
His great mission suddenly opened. In 1860, was peace again, and Austria was forever out
King William had entered on his favorite of Germany. Prussia counted among her
scheme of army reorganization. The Landtag gains Hanover, Hesse-Cassel, Nassau, Frank-
was hostile.
Overcome by finesse, not to say furt, and Schleswig-Holstein; and, in her
falsehood, a small majority had voted the sup- maternal wisdom constraining the unwilling
plies. Two years later, the new Landtag came little States, formed herself and them into the
up with a solid and wrathful majority against North German Confederation of 1867. And
the Government, and was promptly dissolved. Bismarck became Count. Four prodigiously
It came back as promptly from the new elec active years followed. Count Bismarck-as
tion with a larger majority. By 273 votes to never before or since-W
-was the head of the
68, it voted down the Government budget. popular party. The new-born Germany was
There have not been many such crises in the nurtured into strength. The remaining South-
history of parliamentary governments. The ern States, severed from Austria, were wooed
strain was no greater in England in 1610. and woven into sympathy with their Northern
The ministry could not stand before such de- brethren. Diplomacy, with Zollvereins and
termination. Was there a man that could ! secret treaties, did what it could. War was to
Some one whispered his name to the baffled do more. War has still some wonderful uses.


1885.]
317
THE DIAL
career.
Bismarck has three times made its wild forces any man's in Constantinople, and determines
build the structure of a lasting peace and peace or war in Cairo and in Herat.
The great
unity. To Virchow in debate he once said: colonial movement of Germany is in his hand.
'I must make war, but solely with the object of It may bear him on to the end of his career,
obtaining peace.” In his hands war has played as the swelling pride of German hearts bore
its noblest part. In the chemistry of national him up from 1866 to 1872. At home, the grim
politics, it has been the electric flash that drives old fighter keeps up his tremendous warfare
mutually repellant elements into quick and with the Titans he himself has invoked from
lasting union. Never so truly so as in 1870. the soil of Fatherland, with unabating vigor.
July 15, France declared war; the bloody days Defeats do not hurt him. Victory does not
of August followed swiftly; September 1st saw dazzle him.
dazzle him. The German people see that he
the Emperor Napoleon and his 80,000 men is ugly, but they know that he is great. “Few
prisoners at Sedan. That memorable fall, the love him, for few understand him. But they
South German States, comrades and compatriots who do love him, love him above all the world.”
now, formed with the old the new German Con So
says Herr Busch.
federation; January 18, 1871, at Versailles, King It is a great career.
Therefore there is more
William of Prussia was crowned Emperor of than one opinion about it. One thing must be
united Germany; ten days later, Paris fell; settled first of all: it is not a “consistent”
and May 6, the Peace of Frankfurt closed the
That must be granted at once to the
record of the most marvellous year since the great horde of small critics. Bismarck's own
first Napoleon's great campaign in Italy. The attitude in reply to this most obvious of accu-
man who had done it all was now the Prince sations is precisely that of Wendell Phillips'
von Bismarck, Chancellor of the German famous saying: Inconsistent, gentlemen ?
Empire.
Why, inconsistency is progress.” Contact with
There have followed efforts even greater, hard facts, he insists again and again, is
struggles more bitter—and some triumphs as the one secret of his mental operations. · Doc-
great. There was a foe at home, to Bismarck's trinairism he detests with vigor. “I wish to
prescient eye as dangerous to the new Ger save Germany from the professors,” he said to
many as Austria or France—the power and in Disraeli. And that he has learned something
fluence of the Papal church. In the full tide from facts, he never hesitates to acknowledge.
of recent victory, he assailed this, too. The Consistency in politics, he said to the French-
Kultur-Kumpf began in earnest with the men in 1871, is obstinacy and self-will. And
“Falk Laws” of May, 1872. By 1874, it con that is what all really virile minds feel in the
vulsed all Germany. After nine years of presence of a great crisis.
struggle, and at times apparent victory, his The one constant and guiding principle of
political exigencies compelled Bismarck to give his public life is his opposition to parliamen-
way, and the “Church Bill ” of 1883 was en tary government. From Junkerdom he has
acted,-pronounced by its opponents, in the advanced into a really liberal attitude; from
hasty bitterness of defeat, "the greatest tri. Pro-Austrianism he rapidly became an extreme
umph of the Papacy in this century.” The Prussian and the chosen vessel of German
great economical questions of this period are unity; he has been aggressively Protestant or
still in the arena of debate. Bismarck's sin passively Ultramontane, as political exigencies
gular “State Socialism" seems on the whole pressed him on this side or that. But he has
to be achieving a triumph; temporary, perhaps, never varied from his first conception of gov.
but it will last while he lasts. One great and ernment, and, like Czar Nicholas, a change
unquestionable achievement was reached in would probably kill him. He becomes, there.
1879, when twenty-five years of diplomacy cul- fore, a curious and instructive subject to the
minated in a friendly alliance between the new political student. Bismarckism is a perfect
Germany and the new Austria, -an event example of "survival” in politics. His con-
which to Lord Salisbury seemed “a crowning stitutional structure is distinctly of the Tudor-
mercy to the world.” France remembers Sedan, Stuart order. His king is a real king---not,
but Austro-Hungary has already forgotten as Mr. Bagehot describes Queen Victoria, the
Sadowa; her eyes have turned away from Cen- head of the "dignified parts” of government
tral Europe, so long the Hapsburg appanage; merely. He both reigns and governs. It is
they follow the downward current of the his personal will to which Prussia must bow.
Danube, to rest with dreams of empire in them His ministers are his servants; and Kaiser
on the Black Sea and the Golden Horn. And Wilhelm, as Bismarck himself has declared, is
Bismarck is at the bottom of this and all real "the real Minister-President of Prussia.”
movements of European diplomacy. At the That is Bismarck's theory of constitutional
Three Emperors' Meeting, a year ago, his ideas kingship and ministerial responsibility. What
ruled the august trio. His word outweighs I is barely theoretical, but practically obsolete,


318
[April,
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successors.
in the kingship of England, is still actual in great step in Germany's progress waits to be
the kingship of Prissia. With us, he defiantly taken past his monument. There is no fear
declared, in 1882, it is the king who reigns. that his mantle will fall upon anyone. Men of
His ministers, therefore, do not resign when the Cromwell and Bismarck type never have
confronted by hostile majorities. And this
Their work, too, immense as it is
doctrine the party of progress, the coming in itself, is in its nature mainly temporary ;
leaders of Germany, cannot endure. Hence temporary, but necessary. There are times
the great struggle which fills the last third of when the passage of a great nation from one
Bismarck's life. The intelligent English or stage of its development to another is about
American observer must sympathize with them, to take place. In old communities, heaped
and be vexed with Bismarck's invincible everywhere with the débris of ancient forms of
mediævalism. But it is folly to ignore histori- thought and organization, such passage can
cal perspective. There are regions of earth never be peaceful. Then there is need of a
now in the Stone Age. To Prussia, Bismarck- Bismarck, with rude and masterful hand to
ism is as distinctly an advance on the rule of gather up the forces of the struggling nation-
Frederick the Great as to Englishmen the careless then of any forms-and determine
government of William III. was on that of their action on some fixed and positive goal.
Henry VIII.
It must be remembered, too, if That done, the new stage of progress begins.
we grow impatient over the fact that Prussia | It is much more for a nation's future that it
must still, while Bismarck lives, remain in her should be thus carried through quickly to a
William of Orange phase, that it is only the fixed point, and held firmly there, than that the
present reign that has made possible the new point of departure be very far in advance.
perfect type of parliamentary government in It is better that it should not be far in advance.
England, and that a vigorous successor to There is only one safe method of national
Queen Victoria might even yet attempt the progress, - that is, growth. And all normal
reversion from Gladstone to Bismarck. To the growth is slow and is continuous. A break, a
Liberals of Germany, Bismarck is invaluable skip, in it, means a scar.
as a foe. He is disciplining them for their But the Strong One the hero who has
swift-coming triumph. It is Englishmen's brought his nation through her time of storm
boast that they won their dearest rights from and stress and set her at the beginning point
the starkest of their kings. So it will be with
of her new career he can rarely let her pass
Germany.
from his hand to enter upon it. To him, that
The grim Chancellor's best defense against is ultimate. His eye has been fixed upon
that
his parliamentary foes is to remind them, as he point in the struggle. His straining footsteps
often does, that the logic of events proved have gained it at last, and his plans thereafter
them wrong in 1862–6, and proved him right revolve around it. Then it is time for him to
in overruling their obstinate shortsightedness. depart, with his meed of glory.
“For four years the progressist majority in the
Bismarck's fame is secure. No arbitrary act
Prussian House of Deputies had shouted that of his remaining days can really dim it. To
Bismarck was leading Prussia to destruction; the German heart he will be, always, the founder
and he had answered with a united Father of German Unity: a title that will gather more
land." That is his great achievement. One sacred associations around itself as years in-
may easily fail to see all its greatness. What
And if he shall not be called also the
nobler conception could inspire a statesman? founder of free representative government in
The unification of a race! Such work is given Germany, he will be recognized as having made
to few. German hearts have broken for it, free government possible for Germany.
from Walter von der Vogelweide down. To
N. M. WHEELER.
this rugged champion it was given to do this
work. “From the very commencement of my
career," he said in 1881, "my sole guiding
THE POCAHONTAS STORY.*
star has been, how to unite Germany." For
that he has dared much and sinned much; and If it were the province of The Dial to
for that Germany will forgive him much. notice only such books as can be commended,
Bismarck has done for Germany what free “My Lady Pokahontas" would be passed by
institutions could never have done; and now in respectful silence. A book may, however,
free institutions can do for Germany what have an amount of brazen pretension and his-
Bismarck can never do. The greatest good he torical untruthfulness which entitles it to men-
can now confer upon his country is to die. tion and comment; and this one seems to
Not at once, nor soon. Long may he endure,
honored and loved in the fatherland, better
* MY LADY POKAHONTAS; a True Relation of Virginia, writ by
Anas Todkill, Puritan and Pilgrim. With Notes by John Esten
known and better judged abroad. But the next
Cooke. Boston: Houghton, Miffin & Co.
crease.


1885.]
319
THE DIAL
come within that description. It purports take passage to Virginia, they improved their
to be a “ True Relation of Virginia, writ by time in visiting the clubs and calling upon
Anas Todkill, Puritan and Pilgrim," and the notable persons, one of whom was “sweet Will
typography, spelling, preface, and notes, are Shakspere," as the “MS.” calls him. Shak-
designed to confirm the statement. One who spere was, of course, delighted to see them, and
is familiar with the history and writings of put himself into the most intimate and confi-
the period will instantly see that the claim is dential relations with them, invited them out
a fraud ; but many readers, attracted by the to Stratford-on-Avon-a courtesy they were
subject, will buy the book to discover that Anas compelled to decline--and told them about a
Todkill was both an ass and insufferable bore; play he was writing, called “The Tempest,"
and they will wonder what could be the motive the scene of which was in the Bermudas, or
in reviving such a medley of antique stupidity Isles of Devils. . This play, by the way, was
in our day.
not written till 1611; yet the “godly Puri-
Anas Todkill was a real person, and deserved tan” was so fortunate as to remember a quo-
no such treatment as this. He was a common tation from it--"the still-vexed Bermoothes,
soldier, and accompanied Captain John Smith as Master Shakspere called them.”
When so
to Virginia in 1607.
His name appears as little is known of the personal and social life
the writer of several chapters in Smith's books of the great dramatist, this interview would
on Virginia, in which he modestly and in be of great interest to Shaksperean scholars,
appropriate language described what occurred except for the fact that his conversation as
on expeditions in which he took part. That reported was exquisitely stupid and inconse-
he was the intimate friend and boon compan- quential. It reads like the interviews of mod-
ion of Smith, and shared his secrets, nowhere ern spiritualists with the shades of B. Frank-
appears in Smith's writings, which contain all lin and G. Washington. It was necessary to
that we know about Todkill. That he was a cut short the interview with Shakspere, as they
Puritan, there is no evidence. His companions had an appointment to visit King James I.
were stanch Church-of-England men, and his To continue conversation with a player, “sure,”
religion, if he had any, was probably of that says Todkill, “that were a shame while his
quality. Whatever might have been his reli- Majesty waits.” The modesty of this common
gion, it is safe to assume that he was not a con-
soldier is superb. “So at last this sweet
genital liar, as bis alleged “True Relation "y Will Shakspere takes leave of us with close
would prove him to be. 6. As to the writer's pressure of hands," and they are ushered into
[Todkill's) personality," says the preface, "the the presence of his Majesty.
"His Majesty
present MS. leaves nothing in doubt; and as to speaks to me in his sweet Scottish accent.
the credibility of his historic statements, the But this great and exceeding honour deserveth
notes will show that these are often minutely more relation, and now I see how ill a thing it
corroborated by the great original authority, had been to waste time on Master Shakspere."
the 'Generall Historie of Virginia' [by John The omission of the conversation held during
Smith, 1624]." These are some of the notes : the interview with King James I. is explained
“Smith makes the same statement in the same in the note already quoted. It is gratifying to
words in the dedication of his “True Travels' know that the loss of the manuscript is no loss
to the Earl of Pembroke” (p. 7): “This to the reader.
account agrees exactly with that of George It seems hardly necessary to state, in view
Percy in his ‘Discourse on the Plantations of of this partial examination of the claim of the
Virginia'» (p. 19). The statements “MS.” to be a "True Relation," that "My Lady
very recently copied verbatim from those Pokahontas" is wholly a fiction and romance,
books, and hence the accounts would be likely invented by the person who prepared the
to agree.
The trouble with the “MS.” is that notes. Mr. John Esten Cooke, who is a Vir-
it is crammed with fictitious and imaginary ginian, has some reputation as a novelist ; and
historical statements for which there is no how, from a literary point of view, he could
authority, and which are contrary to all the au have written so weak and foolish a book as
thorities. The notes are designed to keep up the this, is a mystery. It was rash in him to
illusion that the narrative is a True Relation." attempt to imitate the English style of the
On page 15 is this note : “Unfortunately the early part of the seventeenth century, when he
sheets of Master Todkill's relation, describing has no conception of the vocabulary and style
his interview with King James I., have been of the period. He uses words which were
lost. The paging indicates that the relation then as obsolete as they are to-day, and words
was elaborate,”
The occasion of inserting which first came into use during the past cen-
such a note as this was as follows:
tury. An inverted structure of sentences, bad
The MS.” states that while Smith and spelling, and bad grammar, make up his idea
Todkill were in London, in 1607, waiting to I of “ English as she is spoke” in the early
were


320
[April,
THE DIAL
one.
Virginia Colony. If he had made a study of narrative precludes the idea that his life
John Smith's books, or even of the chapters was in danger at any time after he was
written by Anas Todkill, he would have known brought into the presence of Powhatan, the
something about the old English style of that stern father of Pocahontas. He was cordially
period.
received and feasted, and, in a most friendly
The story of Pocahontas saving the life of manner, sent back to Jamestown with four
Captain John Smith is the only romantic inci- guides. No mention is made of Pocahontas
dent in the dark and disgraceful record of in the transaction. He mentions her in the
early Virginia ; and yet modern historical criti-
same book as “a child of tenne yeares old,"
cism has shown it to be a myth. Virginians, sent to Jamestown by Powhatan in charge of
however, shut their eyes to all evidence on the
a trusty messenger, in May, 1608, to make
•subject, and perpetuate in fiction and art, as
inquiry why certain Indians were detained as
well as in sober history, this most precious prisoners. In the “Todkill MS.” she is de-
incident in the annals of their State. It may scribed, four months earlier than the above
be seen sculptured in marble by Capellano, date, as being twelve or thirteen years old, and
over one of the doors of the Capitol at Wash- appearing like a maiden of seventeen. It
ington.
would be absurd to confess that a man of
Mr. Cooke, in the autumn of 1883, pub- eight and twenty fell in love with “a child
lished a popular history of Virginia, in which of tenne yeares old.”
he developed the Pocahontas story in all its
Smith's first account of his capture and
primitive proportions. The book was read- release was doubtless the true
In
able, and, in the main, meritorious; but the October, 1609, he returned to England, and
part relating to the story of Pocahontas was
never went back to Virginia.
He kept on,
unbecoming a writer of history.
however, writing books about Virginia. In
“My Lady Pokahontas," although a light 1612 appeared his “Map of Virginia”; in
craft, comes to us as a tender to the former | 1616 his “Description of New England”; in
publication, bringing, in the form of a contem 1620 his “New England Trials,” a second part
porary MS., but really a modern fictitious nar-
of which appeared in 1622. In these books
rative, the facts and incidents which are
he told his old stories over again, and there
needed to justify the Pocahontas story. One was a good deal of repetition ; but the Poca-
of the arguments used in challenging the hontas story had not yet appeared. In 1624
truthfulness of the old story, is that Smith, his “Generall Historie
was published, which
who was one of the most loquacious and boast-
was a summary of his earlier books with some
ful of persons, did not tell the story until six- additions, among which was the Pocahontas
teen years after it was alleged to have taken story, as follows:
place; and that during those sixteen years
“Having feasted him after their best barbarous
he had written many books on Virginia, and
manner they could, a long consultation was held, but
had told many times in print the story of his the conclusion was, two great stones were brought
capture by the Indians, without mentioning the
before Powhatan: then as many as could layd hands
on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his
fact that his life, on January 5, 1608, was
head, and being ready with their clubs to beate out
saved by Pocahontas. Nobody in Jamestown his brains, Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter,
had heard of it, for none of the relations and when no intreaty could prevail, got his head in her
letters which went back to England mentioned
armes, and laid her owne upon his to save him from
the incident. The book now at hand supplies live to make him hatchets, and her bells, beads and
death: whereat the Emperour was contented he should
the missing link; for it appears that on Jan copper; for they thought him aswell of all occupa-
uary 8, 1608, the day Smith returned from tions as themselves."
his captivity to the settlement, he told the Smith made hatchets, bells, beads, and cop-
story to Anas Todkill, walking on the shore at per, for the space of two days, and then was
sunset ; and at the same time he confessed that sent back to Jamestown with an escort of
he was deeply in love with the Indian maiden. twelve guides. Smith's “True Relation," of
Thus history is substantiated by fiction. 1608, has none of this tragic and sentimental
There are some obstacles to accepting the fiction. His first meeting with Powhatan ran
statements of the “ Todkill MS." Smith thus: “Hee kindly welcomed me with good
wrote his “True Relation” in 1608, which wordes, and great platters of sundrie victuals,
was printed the same year in London. In it assuring mee his friendship, and my libertie
he told the story of his capture and detention, within foure days.” Of his departure, he says:
and the incidents were then fresh in his mind. “And thus having with all the kindnes hee
He amused his captors by showing his compass, could devise sought to content me, hee sent me
explaining, as best he could, its use, and dis- home with four men: one that usually carried
coursing on the roundness of the earth and
my gowne and knapsacke after me, two other
movements of the sun, moon, and stars. The I loded with bread, and one to accompanie me.”


1885.]
321
THE DIAL
In his later account he not only increased the Pocahontas, like Anas Todkill, was a real
number of his guides three-fold, but he ampli- person, and the accounts which other writers,
fied his eight guards in his captors' camp to who are trustworthy, give of her, dissipate ali
“thirty or forty tall fellows,” and the food | the popular romance of the chief incident
placed before him from “enough for ten men” with which her name is associated. William
to "enough for twenty persons."
Strachey, Secretary of the Colony, arrived in
Smith was not the only person who wrote Virginia in 1610, and his book, “The Historie
about his adventure with Powhatan. Edward of Travaile into Virginia Britannia,” is one of
Maria Wingfield, the first President of the Col- the Hakluyt Society's publications. He says
ony, described it in his “Discourse of Vir of the Indians:
ginia," 1608. He states how Smith was cap “ Both men, women and children have their severall
tured by the Indians while on an expedition names; at first according to the several humour of
up the Chicahominy river, for corn ; that two of
their parents: and so the great King Powhatan called
a young daughter of his, whome he loved well, Pocha-
his companions were killed, and that his life
huntas, which may signifie little wanton, howbeyt she
was saved by a guide. “At last he [his guide] was rightly called Amonate at more ripe years."
brought him to the great Powhatan (of whom
Again he states:
before we had no knowledge) who sent him
“Their younger women goe not shadowed amongst
home to our town on the 7th of January.” No
their owne companie until they be nigh eleaven or
mention is made of Pocahontas, or of Smith's twelve years old; nor are they much ashamed thereof,
life being in danger while he was with Pow and therefore would the before remembered Pochahun-
tas, a well-featured but wanton young girl, Powhatans
hatan. If anything, such as he described in
1024, had occurred in 1608, is it possible to daughter, sometymes, resorting to our fort, then of 11
or 12 yeares, get the boyes forth with her into the mar-
suppose that one so boastful as he was, and
ket place,” etc. (describing frolics not becoming to
especially of female conquests, would not have print]; but being once twelve yeares, they put on a
told this precious morsel of sentimental ro-
semecinctum lethern apron, and are very shame-fac't
to be seen bare." (P. 65.)
mance to his companions when he returned to
the settlement? He was nothing if not a gal-
Strachey's statement that Pocahontas was
lant. His “Generall Historie" of 1624 he ded-
eleven or twelve
years
of
age in 1610, confirms
icated to the Duchess of Richmond and Lenox, Smith's original account that she was ten in
and in the dedication he says:
1608. The “Anas Todkill MS.," describing
how she appeared in January, 1908, gives a
“Yet my comfort is, that heretofore honorable and different picture:
vertuous Ladies, and comparable but amongst them-
selves, have offered me rescue and protection in my
“Never in any of her plays or antics was there any
greatest dangers: Even in forraine parts, I have felt freedom or immodesty. She was decently clad in her
reliefe from that sex. The beauteous Lady Tragabig robe of birds' feathers, and wore a girdle from the
zanda, when I was a slave to the Turkes, did all she waist below the knees. On her feet were beaded moc-
could to secure me.
When I overcame the Bashaw of casins, as these people call their shoes, and I never
Nalbrits in Tartaria, the charitable Lady Callamata saw the maid's shoulders, which she kept wrapped to
supplyed my necessities. In the utmost of many
the chin in her soft robe.”
extremities, that blessed Pokahontas, the great Kings
Ralph Hamor, who was a Secretary of the
daughter of Virginia, oft saved my life. When I
escaped the crueltie of Pirats and most furious stormes, Colony, published in 1615 a “True Discourse
a long time alone in a small boat at sea and driven of Virginia," in which he had a good deal to say
ashore in France, the good lady Madam Chanoyes | about Pocahontas, of her capture by Captain
bountifully assisted me.'
Argal, who held her as a hostage for the good
As if the Pocahontas story was not suffi conduct of her father, and of her marriage to
ciently amplified in the text, he further Master Rolfe; but no mention did he make of
expands it in the dedication by stating that her having saved the life of Captain John
she “oft saved my life.” But it may be asked: Smith, as he certainly would have done if the
“Did not Smith, in substantially the same form fact had been known in Virginia. He had never
as it appears in the 'Generall Historie,' tell heard of the fervent love passages between
the story to Queen Anne in a letter he wrote to Smith and Pocahontas, which form the staple
her in 1616 ?” Such a letter appears in the of the “Todkill MS.," and, what is more to be
“Generall Historie” (p. 121); but its authen- regretted, that poor Todkill himself was pining
ticity stands on the same footing as that of the from unrequited and unspoken love of the
story itself. Was it a genuine letter, written dusky maiden.
in 1616, and to the person named? There is Captain John Smith was the most interesting
no evidence that anybody saw the letter till it and picturesque character who appeared in the
was printed in 1624. If not genuine, Queen early annals of the American colonies. He
Anne was not in a position to affirm or deny its had many qualities to be commended, and few
authenticity, for she died in 1619. Smith was to be censured. He was brave, self-reliant,
safe if the letter was not genuine, and it helped energetic, full of expedients, and practical -
out the credibility of his Pocahontas story. the only person among the original Virginia


322
[April,
THE DIAL
Colonists who had these qualities; and but for giving it the date of 1616, and would print it
him the Colony would have perished in its in- with the story itself. The scheme was a success;
cipiency. His writings contain the substance for it has given the legend plausibility, and to
of all we know of its early years, and are, in minds like Mr. Cooke's, contirmation. Shall we
the main, truthful. Other contemporary writers censure the gallant Captain for indulging in
do little more than explain and confirm Smith's this harmless way his personal vanity, and con-
statements. It is well that Virginia holds his forming to a custom of his day?
name in especial honor. He was also rash,
W. F. Poole.
impetuous, and headstrong; but, for one who
was always in trouble with his superiors, there Since this paper was in type, I have seen
is a singular lack of personal bitterness in his Mr. Cooke's contribution to the April number
writings. He speaks well, or is silent, concern of the “Magazine of American History,” enti-
ing men who abused him; and he does not per- tled: "Did Pocahontas really rescue Captain
petuate his many quarrels in his books. He had Smith ?” This question he regards as “one of
a taste for natural history, and gave his coun the puzzles of American history," although
trymen intelligent information as to the New he himself seems to be the only person in sight
World, its geography, productions, resources, who is puzzled by it. In the stately form of
and its native tribes. He explored and mapped “ Thirty-eight Articles”- the historic number
out the northern coast of America, and gave of “Thirty-nine” should have been main-
names to localities which they retain to this tained-he makes an affirmative answer to his
day. Why it was that a man of his ability query. He asserts that Smith's account of
and zeal in American colonization did not, 1624, and not that of 1608, is the true one;
in some capacity, return to the country after and that “Smith stated to his friends at James-
1609, is not yet satisfactorily explained. town, on his return, that Pocahontas had saved
In saying that Smith's writings, in the main, his life.” He forgets to give the names of those
were truthful, I mean truthful according to the friends, or any evidence of the fact stated.
lax standard of.veracity common in those days, Assuming that the letter to Queen Anne, of
compared with that of modern times. It was 1616, was genuine, he devotes about ten of his
then regarded as a venial error for the clergy articles to an argument showing that Pocahon-
to lie a little for the benefit of the church--the tas, being then in England, must have heard of
relations of the early missionaries to America the letter and the story, as she was daily vis-
are full of such instances; for statesmen to lie ited by courtiers who were familiar with Court
a good deal for the benefit of the King and affairs”; and that, if Smith's last story had not
their own projects; and for anybody to conceal, been true, she would have denied it, and we
expand, or pervert the truth for his own bene-, should have heard of her denial. She was not
fit, provided no one else was seriously injured the sort of person to tolerate a falsehood, even
thereby. The Pocahontas story was as innocu- for her own benefit, for “she had renounced
ous as one of Mother Goose's legends. It in- idolatry, had been baptized, and later made a
jured no one, and for nearly three centuries has religious and godly end." There is a bland-
been the occasion State pride and of perennial ness and childlike simplicity in this reasoning
delight and refreshment to Virginians. which is refreshing. But suppose that the
The weak spot in Smith's character was his Queen-Anne letter was not written till 1624-
personal vanity and boastfulness. He invented when it was needed, and when it was first
the Pocahontas story sixteen years after he printed—what then becomes of Mr. Cooke's
alleged it to have occurred, in order to gratify argument? He says that, because of Smith's
his love of notoriety. Since he had left Vir- absence, Pocahontas did not visit Jamestown
ginia, Pocahontas had married John Rolfe, an after his departure, the date of which was
Englishman. In 1616 she had visited Eng- October 4, 1009,—from which we are to infer
land, and had been received at Court and in that they were lovers, and that she had saved
society as a royal princess. In the next book his life at the time and in the manner described.
he wrote on Virginia, Smith could not resist Strachey, nevertheless, saw her a year later at
the temptation to connect her name with his, the settlement, performing in a nude condi
and he would do it in a manner creditable to tion her queer antics on the public square. As
both. How could it better be done than by her a controversialist, Mr. Cooke's success is the
saving his life in 1608? She was dead, and same, whether he approaches the subject from
could not deny it. Other witnesses who might the standpoint of history or fiction. His latest
be questioned were dead or were inaccessible. paper shows a strange lack of logical insight
The only trouble he had was that he had and acumen, and makes it evident that the
never told the story before. But this could question he propounds has ceased to be a puz-
be arranged. He would write a letter of simi zle to persons who have a conception of his-
lar tenor to Queen Anne (who was also dead), torical evidence.
W. F. P.


1885.]
323
THE DIAL
A DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH HISTORY.* Great," and the associate of Professor Samuel
Rawson Gardiner in the excellent “Introduction
The world has seen a great variety of ency to the Study of English History," published in
clopædic works, from the “Natural History” London in 1881, and republished in the United
of Pliny and the “ Bibliotheca Mundi” of States. To that work, which is now almost
Vincent of Beauvais, down to the latest revisions indispensable to the modern student of English
of the “Conversations Lexica" of Brockhaus history, Mr. Mullinger contributed Part II.,
and Meyer, and the new edition of the “Ency- relating to original authorities for the various
clopædia Britannica.” But through all the periods; and we have no hesitation in saying
great encyclopædic works of antiquity, the that one of the most important contributions to
middle ages, and of modern times, runs the the present Dictionary of English History is
evident desire to grasp universal knowledge. Mr. Mullinger's sketch of “Authorities,” in six
The editors were as ambitious as Doctor Faustus, compact pages, comprising a revision and
or Albertus Magnus, doctor universalis, who résumé of his larger work of nearly two hun-
made all knowledge their province, as did Lord dred pages. Besides Mullinger, Creighton, and
Bacon. In recent years, a new tendency has Browning, we note such contributors as Charles
arisen in encyclopædic work. There is a mani. F. Keary, F.S.A., and R. L. Poole, Ph.D.
fest drift toward specialization. This is most | (Leipzig), both of whom have been officially
apparent in Germany, where Meyer's “Hand connected with the British Museum. Thorold
Lexikon des Allgemeinen Wissens in einem Rogers, M.A., M.P., perhaps the leading rep-
Band,” which is by far the most useful and resentative of historical economics in England,
convenient handbook of general information, contributes various economic articles to this
has given rise to over forty so called “Fach Dictionary. Although we fail to find the names
Lexika,” or professional dictionaries, devoted of Edward A. Freeman and of Samuel R.
to such special topics as Government, Political Gardiner, who are respectively the best expo-
Economy, Trade, Industries, Arts, Antiquities, nents of mediæval and modern English history,
Ancient History, German History, and the like. in the new edition of the “Britannica,” we
In our own country we have seen a practical observe with interest the name of Mrs. S. R.
development of the same idea in Lalor's “Cyclo-Gardiner, and of other female contributors who
paedia of Political Science, Political Economy, constitute the better half of history.
and the Political History of the United States,” The alphabetical arrangement of the sub-
a work which was perhaps suggested by the ject-matter which forms the great volume of a
“Deutsches Staatswoerterbuch,” edited by the nation's history is a method at once so simple,
late Dr. Bluntschli, of Heidelberg.
so practical, so eminently sane and scientific,
The latest application of the encyclopædic that the only wonder is that this convenient
method to a special field of study is “The Dic- Dictionary was not compiled years ago. Here,
tionary of English History,” edited by Sidney within a space of something over a thousand
J. Low, recently a scholar of Balliol College, royal octavo pages, each printed in double
Oxford, and now lecturer on modern history in columns like the ordinary encyclopædia, are
King's College, London, and by F. S. Pulling, compressed the vital facts, events, and charac-
M.A., late professor of history in Yorkshire ters of English history. The work is not a
College, Leeds. These editors have associated chronology or a bare skeleton of dates and
with themselves in their special work an able names, arranged like an old-fashioned library
corps of contributors, comprising some of the catalogue, solely with alphabetical titles and
best historical writers of the younger English meaningless press-marks; rather is it a new-
generation. We note such names as Oscar fashioned manual, like that of Historical Lit-
Browning, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, erature, by Professor C. K. Adams, of the
and University lecturer on history, a man who University of Michigan; a work consisting not
at this moment is actively engaged in shaping merely of titles, but chiefly of intelligent com
the historico-political tripos at Cambridge. We ments. If a student of modern English politics
note also Mandel Creighton, M.A., professor of wishes to know the principle facts concerning
ecclesiastical history in the same university, the public careers of Canning and Castlerèagh,
and author of a new and valuable work on the he will find in this new Dictionary something
Papacy during the Reformation. We further
more than names and dates; he will find a clear
note among the contributors, J. F. Bass Mullin- and concise account of what these political
ger, M.A., lecturer and librarian of St. John's rivals did, the one as an opponent, the other
College, Cambridge, author of that suggestive as a supporter of the reactionary policy of
monograph on "The Schools of Charles the Metternich. The student will find, moreover, at
the end of each article, a short bibliography
* THE DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH HISTORY. Edited by Sidney containing references to original sources of
J. Low, B.A., and F. S. Pulling, M A. New York; Cassell &
information and to more detailed works.
Company.
If


324
[April,
THE DIAL
the student of mediæval institutions wishes to man historian of England, of John Richard
learn something of the nature of the hundred, Green, and also of Generals Gordon and
he will discover the main points in half a page Wolseley, with mention of the relief expedi-
of pithy English, followed by a bibliography tion to Khartoum. At the end of the volume
in seven lines containing references to Stubbs, there is an index to a great variety of subjects
Waitz, Gneist, Schmidt, and to the places which are treated only incidentally under more
where the original laws regulating the hun comprehensive heads, to which the reader is
dred can be found. A student came to the specifically referred, not only by the catch-
writer of this review, a few moments after he word, but by page and column, so that the
had received the volume now under considera- | labor of reference is reduced to a minimum.
tion, and asked for some good authority on the Throughout the entire volume cross-. eferences
English Peerage. We tested the new Diction- | abound. The catchwords of all articles are in
ary at once, and found an article of one page bold-faced type; the remaining part (if any)
containing the essential facts and several of the title is in small capitals, so that the
references to standard works, such as Nicolas's headings easily catch the eye; this is import-
“Historic Peerage,” May's “Practical Treat ant, for there are sometimes six or more short
ises,” Hallam, Stubbs, etc. It is an old truth articles on a single page.
that next in importance to knowing a thing Of making histories of England and of the
yourself is to know where you can find it. world at large there will probably be no end.
The strong points of this Dictionary of Eng. The national and the universal are undoubtedly
lish History are the numerous and suggestive more important than the individual and the
articles on English institutions, English poli- particular ; but it may be seriously questioned
tics, foreign relations, etc., and the rapid whether it is always necessary to approach the
summaries of great epochs of English history, larger idea in the largest way. Universal
such as the Norman Conquest and the Protest- truth may appear in very small facts. Uni.
ant Reformation. The latter is written by versalia in rebus. All roads lead to national
Mr. Creighton; the former, by James Rowley, and universal history, as all roads lead to
M.A., Professor of English Literature and Rome.
Rome. Even the apparent by-paths of local
History in University College, Bristol. While and institutional history may guide us through
a student may be tempted to criticise the obscure woods into the broad sunlight of gen-
exceeding brevity in the treatment of some of eral truth. It is general history, and the
the more important subjects, yet one is inclined history of one's country or mother country,
to forgive much for the sake of such excellent when written in a long series of volumes, that
bibliographies; for example, that under the make the subject appear to the average reader
head of Guilds." Moreover, it must be like a vast, unknowable, trackless wilderness.
remembered that brevity and compactness of There are thousands of intelligent people who
statement were prerequisites in the composi- would be as willing to investigate historical
tion of a Dictionary of English History in one facts of special or personal interest as they
volume of convenient size. On the whole, we would be to consult a dictionary of the English
must concede to the editors and their contribu- language upon proper occasion; but there are
tors a just sense of literary proportion and a thousands and tens of thousands of good peo-
sound judgment as to what was important to ple who have not the slightest idea as to the
include and to exclude from a popular Diction proper method of procedure. To tell a man
ary of English History. Their aim was “to who wants to know about the Statute of Labor-
produce a book which should give, as conciselyers, or the Con Laws, or the Bank of England,
as possible, just the information, biographical, or Trades Unions, or the Black Death, to read
bibliographical, chronological and constitu- history, is like telling him to seek a definition
tional, that the reader of English history is or synonym for an English word by reading
likely to want.” That aim is, in our judgment, English literature instead of consulting a dic-
likely to be fulfilled. A busy man cannot often tionary. The former process is like hunting a
find time to read through a monograph of one needle in a haystack; a sensible man gives up
hundred pages, more or less, in the new “Ency- the task at once, and
goes
about some better
clopædia Britannica”; but he can find time to business. But the process of consulting a
consult such a dictionary as this. It is the dictionary for facts as well as for words is
first work in English which at all approximates both rational and time-saving. The reader
in pithy excellence to Meyer's “Hand-Lexikon" finds at once the point he wanted, and with the
of about 2,000 duodecimo pages, which is in one needle of fact is able perhaps to make
the hands of almost every German student of many points for some good cause.
history. As indicative of the completeness of History may be made more scientific than
the English work, we note, in the appendix, it is at present, by systematizing its results
brief biographies of Reinhold Pauli, the Ger- / and by reducing facts to genera and species.


1885.]
325
THE DIAL
While it is very convenient for some purposes have been frequently referred to in the pages
to have history written from national and local, of THE DIAL. A further testimony is before
from chronological and geographical, points of us in the lively treatise of Mr. Shinn, whose
view, it is perhaps more truly scientific to essay on the "Land Laws of Mining Districts,"
ignore these limitations, at least in the treat- published among the Johns Hopkins Studies”
mo of subjects of cosmopolitan or universal for 1884, has now been expanded into a book
interest. For instance, sociology, institutions of three hundred pages. The motif of the
of government and of religion, comparative work is an illustration of the development of
politics and legislation, economic and indus- the "American system of mining-law”; but
trial history, slavery, serfdom, liberty, equality, the author has been so fascinated by his sub-
and democracy, are all subjects which gain ject that his researches have comprehended all
immensely in practical interest when the hori the ascertainable features of the growth and
zon of inquiry becomes as broad as the world government of mining camps everywhere, be-
of human experience. There is no essential ginning with the ancient systems. No dry
reason why the agrarian laws of the Roman reading will this be found; history, anecdote,
republic should not be compared with the Irish and institutional study, are here happily blend-
land question or with the land laws of the ed, and the reader is entertained while he is
United States; why the colonial occupation of instructed.
Africa should not be likened to the colonial All mining camps have exhibited the pheno-
occupation of America; why federal govern mena of the gradual development, as from the
ment in the United States should be histori necessities of the case, of forms of government
cally isolated from federal government in the which, if not perfect, were far better than
United Netherlands, United Germany, the anarchy, better even than the rule of might.
Swiss Confederation, the Old German Empire, It was reserved, however, for the mining-camps
and the Leagues of Old Greece. Such classi of America to evolve systems of local law, for
fications as Agrarian Laws, Colonies, Confed the regulation of both persons and property,
erations, etc., would lead to a different sort of so democratic, so discreet, and so equitable, as
history from that which now bears the name. We to furnish complete protection in very turbulent
should have by and by a Dictionary of Universal times, and embody principles which should
History. It would differ from an encyclopæ both deserve and secure perpetuity.
“ The
dia of universal knowledge in many respects, mining-camp of California was a manifestation
chiefly in the fact of historical specialization of the inherent capacity of the race for self-
and in the elimination of all irrelevant matter. government.” Organization by the people went
Such works as the “Dictionary of English hand-in-hand with exploration and occupation.
History,” Lalor's “Encyclopædia,” and Blunt Often the first intelligence of the opening of
schli's “Staatswoerterbuch,” are scientific steps a new and rich “find" of gold would be the
in the right direction, but, like all writing on news that a new mining-district had been
history and politics, these works are fettered by organized. Exceptions there were, of course,
national limitations. The time is coming to the rule, but generally the majority of any
when historical science will burst all local group of miners appeared to have inherited
bonds, and go forth to possess the world by the conviction that society and government
specialization, by methods of comparison and were the natural portion of the scattered atoms
contrast, by coöperation of labor and final now again gathering; and if organization was
combination of results.
ever delayed until some offense against person
HERBERT B. ADAMS. or property had been actually committed, it
was then delayed no longer. The rule of the
majority governed; and its justice was ready
RUDIMENTARY GOVERNMENT.*
to hear and determine, and quick to execute.
If space could be here afforded for extracts,
It is no longer an open question whether the it would be first given to Mr. Shinn's account
history of peoples may be studied, profitably of “How an Alcalde was once deposed,” in
as well as agreeably, through the growth and which it will be seen how the sovereignty of
development of their institutions. The present the mining-camp asserted itself in a case where
devotion of American investigators to this a corrupt court had denied justice; how it
branch of study has been largely stimulated called its own constitutional convention, created
by the example of the Johns Hopkins Univer a new appellate court, stood by while that
sity, in establishing a bureau for its prosecution; ourt issued a certiorari, reviewed the case,
and the evidences of the value of this work and gave the relief which justice demanded;
and how it then punished the venal judge,-
and all without a day's delay.
In their inception, the rules of the camp
* MINING CAMP8: A STUDY IN AMERICAN FRONTIER GOVERN-
MENT. By Charles Howard Shinn. New York: Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons.


326
[April,
THE DIAL
bear a close analogy to mere customs; indeed,
RECENT FICTION.*
in many instances it is evident that they are
customs and nothing more. Throughout Mr. The historical romances of Dr. Georg Ebers
Shinn's
pages,
the student of “ early law and
are too well known and too justly appreciated
custom” will find abundant proofs of the origin to need any special commendation, and every
of rules of law in local customs. Led by the reader will welcome the appearance of his
enthusiasm of his researches into forms of latest work. It is a difficult task to combine
poetic expression, the author explains to his the knowledge of the scholar with the imagi-
readers how ancient customs become “sealed nation of the novel-writer, and few have suc-
forever in the translucent prison-walls” of the ceeded in this so well as the famous Egypt-
law, which he further compares to “the amber ologist. To attain the ideal balance between
of the Baltic, making precious each bit of an the two phases of all such work is next to
cient life entrusted to its care."
impossible; Scott erred on the historical side,
Why should the primitive style of natural and Ebers errs on the side of romance. But
government evolved out of the gatherings of if he is at times too erudite, and if he is only
miners in the wilderness take the democratic ponderous where he would be playful, he is
form of popular sovereignty, in preference to successful to a rare degree in his revival of
any other? Mr. Shinn finds this principle the human interest of remote times and places,
most fully developed among miners of Teu- and no class of subjects could well present
tonic origin, though not confined to them; as greater difficulties in romantic treatment than
the Spaniards in Mexico, in the sixteenth cen those which he has chosen. “Serapis,” as the
tury, organized mining-districts in substan- title implies, is another Alexandrian tale, and
tially similar form. Is there something in the is dated at the close of the fourth century of
business of mining which evokes the demo- the Christian era. In it the rich life of that
cratic principle? This question is not within complex age, in many respects so like our own,
the scope of our author's researches: but the is portrayed with great closeness and unusual
answer to it is not far away. Miners are indi- power. The exact date of the narrative is 391
vidual toilers; manual labor is the fundament A.D., and its incidents are connected with the
al condition; and all the property-values of destruction of the Serapeum by the ruthless
the mining-camp are produced in the pristine Christian mob. The conflict of the old faith
manner common to all property-namely, by with the new, which rose at that time to an
individual exertion. The situation itself is unwonted intensity of passion, is made very
essentially democratic; caste, birth, wealth, and real to us in this strong picture; and, unlike
other similar accidents of life, are alike with most works which deal with this class of sub-
out use or value; it is the muscular power jects, Serapis ” is not too obviously a defense
alone which makes a man in the camp; with of the faith. The right is not too clearly
that, even a boy may convert the free metals
of nature into personal property. Doubtless * SERAPIA. A Romance. By Georg Ebers. From the German,
it is felt intuitively, rather than discussed intel-
by Clara Bell. New York: William S. Gottsberger.
Miss Brown. A Novel. By Vernon Lee. New York: Har-
ligently or adopted understandingly, that every
one who can do this must have equal share of
A Romance. By Mathilde Blind. Boston: Rob-
land on which to work, equal protection
By Helen Jackson (H. H.).
afforded by the common concourse of miners,
and equal right to own and control all the
THE SHADOW OF JOHN WALLACE. By L. Clarkson.
mineral wealth upon which he can so impress
York: White, Stokes & Allen.
his personality as to make it property. Hence
IN WAR TIME. By 8. Weir Mitchell. Boston: Houghton,
every worker, whether sixty years of age or A CARPET KNIGHT. By Harford Flemming. Boston: Hough-
only sixteen, counts one in the popular assem ton, Mifflin & Co.
bly. Again, it is doubtless felt, rather than DARK Days. By Hugh Conway, New York: Henry Holt & Co.
BOUND TOGETHER. By Hugh Conway. New York: Henry
believed, that "in union there is strength,” and
that, as a rule, every miner should have a
TRAJAN. A Novel. By Henry F. Keenan.
"pardner.” The conditions which suggest sell & Co.
these rules are natural conditions; they are
THE MONEY MAKERS. A Social Parable. New York: D. Ap-
pleton & Co.
evolved regularly out of the situation and the
A Romance. By
environment. The admirable form in which
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
these principles of democratic individuality NOBLE BLOOD. By Julian Hawthorne. New York: D. Apple-
and agreed partnership have been developed
THE CRIME OF CHRISTMAS DAY; A TALE OF THE LATIN QUAR-
among Anglo-Saxon miners, so as to secure New York: D. Appleton & Co.
permanence in special codes of law, is for citi-
By Ossip Schubin.
German, by Clara Bell. New York: William S. Gottsberger.
zens of our United States a subject of national
felicitation,
JAMES 0. PIERCE.
York: Harper & Brothers.
66
per & Brothers.
TARANTELLA.
erts Brothers.
RAMONA.
Brothers.
Boston: Roberts
New
Mimin & Co.
Holt & Co.
New York: Cas-
ALLAN DARE AND ROBERT LE DABLE.
Admiral Porter.
ton & Co.
TER.
OUR OWN SET. A Novel.
From the
LOVE AND MIRAGE; OR, THE WAITING ON AN ISLAND.
New


1885.)
327
THE DIAL
bound up with one of the opposing parties, development, and to secure for her a social
the writer is not so plainly himself a partisan position befitting her gifts. Acting in the most
as to make the reader indignantly clamorous chivalrous spirit, he offers to provide for her
for fair play. Dr. Ebers is quick to recognize education and to settle upon her a portion of
the good as well as the evil that there per- his fortune, asking nothing in return, but giv-
ished; the evil as well as the good that con ing her to understand that when she shall have
quered. In the following words, found on the completed ber education and have seen enough
last page of this romance, we may find the of the world to be able to judge and act intelli-
sentiment of the entire work: “The old gently, he will ask her to marry him ; but that
heathen cultus has completely vanished from even then she shall be perfectly free to choose,
the Greek capital. **** With it died the and that, while he pledges himself to her, she
splendor and the power of the second shall remain entirely unpledged herself. This
city in the world; and of all the glories of the offer she gratefully accepts, although in so
city of Serapis nothing now remains but a doing she acts contrary to the wishes of a
mighty column towering to the skies, the last cousin who is her guardian, and who is a type
surviving fragment of the beautiful temple of of the hard-working Englishman of the people,
the sovereign God whose fall marked so mo a man of sturdy common sense and unim-
mentous an epoch in the life of the human peachable honor, but unrefined and incapable of
race.” And as we close the book there comes appreciating the motives which actuate Hamlin
to the mind as a fitting refrain the passionate in making this Quixotic offer. As the years
words which a great modern poet has placed pass on, these three persons change consider-
upon the lips of a pagan mourning the lost ably. The finer qualities of the cousin's nature
worship:-
assert themselves ; he is successful in business,
Age on age thy mouth was mute, thy face was hidden,
and becomes prominent as a political leader of
And the lips and eyes that loved thoe, blind and dumb; the laboring classes. Hamlin gets to be heartily
Song forsook their tongues that held thy name forbidden, tired of the artificial world which he has made
Light their eyes that saw the strange God's kingdom come."
for himself, but has not the strength to escape
“Serapis is a very impressive work to the from it, and his life becomes more and more self-
serious reader who looks for something more seeking and vain. Miss Brown more than ful-
than the story ; perhaps the most impressive fills his expectations concerning her, and as her
the author has yet produced.
character and intellect become developed her
Vernon Lee's first effort as a novel-writer former love and admiration for her benefactor
will prove a considerable disappointment to the give place to pity and even contempt for the
admirers of this talented woman. The faults man whom she comes to view in his true light.
of style which mar her critical work, even at its But she still feels the obligation to make the
best, are also found here; and, so far from only return she can for all that he has done for
being in any way lessened, they become pain- her, and in the fulfilment of this obligation she
fully exaggerated in this crude and carelessly- sacrifices the high and enduring love which she
written romance. Those who know how varied has come to entertain for her cousin. In tak-
are her mental resources and how abundant her ing the step which would once have meant
abilities cannot but regret that she has made supreme happiness she now immolates her
this ill-considered rush into imaginative litera- best feelings, and in following the path of what
ture. Not only does it exhibit no advance in she conceives to be her duty she takes leave
power, but it is a distinct derogation from the forever of the ideals which her better nature
high standard which the best of her serious would incline her to cherish. But she is a
work has established. “Miss Brown” is a strong woman, and the extent of the sacrifice
satirical novel of the æsthetic or “Pre-Raphael- is unknown to any other than herself. Vernon
ite" movement in English art. The heroine | Lee's treatment of the aesthetic school is de-
who bears this commonplace name is discovered cidedly unfair. Although she assumes to deal
by Walter Hamlin, poet and painter -- who is only with its crude and exaggerated types, her
represented as a leader among the Pre-Raphael-tone is such as to make the reader forget that
ites, and in whom it is impossible not to dis- the noblest developments of recent English
cover a caricature of Dante Rossetti -- in the poetry and painting are to be found in the
position of a servant living with the family of work of that school. She is inclined to scru-
an old artist friend near Florence. She is of tinize art too eagerly in search of its moral pur-
humble extraction and uncultivated, but en pose in the narrower sense, and too forgetful
dowed with a strange beauty of face and of that those who are most intent upon finding
form, and with large emotional and intellectual such a purpose are the least likely to discern
capacities. She possesses an irresistible attrac it. Much of the satire of the book is excellent,
tion for him, and, recognizing the possibilities being suggestive of “The New Republic”;
of her nature, he wishes to provide for their the work is also suggestive of the author of


328
[April,
THE DIAL
that incomparable satire in still another way, sympathies which we would have for a man of
and this we are compelled to say with extreme civilized race occupying the same prominent
reluctance. It exhibits the same morbid quality position in the novel. We may have abundant
of imagination, the same vulgarity of thought - sympathy for the Indian and his wrongs; but
to use a harsh but not unjust term and dismiss we cannot accept him as a satisfactory substitute
the matter at once. “When you see her [a for a full-blooded Cauc sian for the purposes
family servant] you will want to do her picture, of romance. The time is past when it was
Mr. Hamlin, as Vonus Mystica," one of the possible to make a literary figure of the noble
women is made to say, "intimating that she red man; since the time of Cooper and Long-
knew a great deal about Venus Mystica, and fellow we have come to know him and his ways
her quest, doubtless, likewise." The writer too well to be deceived by any romantic glamour
makes it evident that Venus Mystica and other that may be cast about him; and when we now
kindred subjects occupy altogether too large a read of him in the pages of these men or of
share of her own thoughts. This we say with their successors, he arouses our fullest sym-
out any reference to the fact that the writer is pathies only in proportion as we forget for the
a woman. In the effort to make her own story moment his race. Of course the plea may be
unquestionably moral, she has given it an made that there are Indians and Indians.
unhealthy tone, worse than any evil she has Cooper claimed for the Delawares a superiority
endeavored to guard against.
much of which may be allowed, and the Indians
Miss Mathilde Blind is another woman of the Spanish portions of North America are
whose first novel will be read with great an admirable type of the savage as he exists
interest by those already familiar with the to-day; but we may still assert that the pro-
critical and miscellaneous work in which she tagonist of the great American novel will not
has displayed such marked ability. “Taran be an Indian of any tribe or description. Yet
tella” is a much better story than “Miss although unsatisfactory in its main aim, there
Brown,” although not without faults of style. is much admirable work in “Ramona. The
This style is at times too pretentious, both for character of the señora is so firmly drawn as to
the subject and for the powers of the writer. deserve high praise, and the life and scenery
In the case of individual words it is lacking in of the country are depicted with a practiced
nicety of perception; in its construction it hand and under the guidance of an observant
often exhibits a lapse into German idioms, eye. The contrast between the refined Spanish
which offends a fine sense of the harmonies of civilization of southern California and the inso-
English speech. The story itself is interest- lent vulgarity of the American type which
ing, but long-winded, thereby also betraying crushed it, is drawn in such a way as to make
its Germanic affinities. Its chief value is that questionable chapter of our history seem
psychological, it being a study of a curiously even more difficult than ever for patriotism to
morbid if not apocryphal type of character- defend.
that of a Neapolitan woman of rudimentary “The Shadow of John Wallace,” by L. Clark-
moral development and of abnormally passion son, is a novel of unusual power, although
ate nature, upon whom in early womanhood sure to be regarded with disfavor by the habit-
the bite of a tarantula produces the peculiar ual novel-reader, who will enjoy the mystery
frenzy which tradition claims that it may pro which haunts the personality of the hero, but
duce in women of unusually excitable nature. who will be left dissatisfied because it is not
She is roused to the exhibition of this frenzy finally cleared up. To the judicious, the book
by the music of a young violinist, whose inter will commend itself sufficiently to compensate
position saves her from the fatal effects of the the writer for the loss of popular favor. The
To this musician she becomes pas real secret of the book is found in the dedica-
sionately attached, and the attachment serves tion “to Robert Browning, whose matchless
to blast his entire after-life. In its outcome masterpiece, 'The Ring and the Book,” gave me
the story is highly tragic for all the chief courage to undertake the reading of this lesser
actors, and, although very uneven, it is not riddle" Great poems have frequently been
without real beauty and real strength in its the inspiration of novels, but perhaps never
finer passages.
before has a great poem been so entirely and
Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson's story of “Ra- completely responsible for a work of fiction, or
mona” has been somewhat unwisely heralded has so thoroughly been bound to it, as in the
as the great American novel; apparently on the present case. The main idea of the story is
theory that this long-expected production must that of “The Ring and the Book," and it is
be a story about Indians. “Ramona” is in furnished with a “key-note and an “after-
many ways a charming and delightfully written chord” from that poem, while long passages
book; but it attempts the impossible when it tries are given in the narrative, and the chapters
to enlist on behalf of its Indian hero the same are furnished with introductory quotations, all
venom.


1885.]
329
THE DIAL
from the same source. This story is in two father, and cared for by kindly Northern hands.
parts; the first and longer of them being an But the interest is at no time deep, and no
account of the last years of John Wallace-a touch of imagination redeems the work from
gentleman who, in middle life, for some reason being irretrievably commonplace. On the
not divulged, leaves his home in England and other hand, it may be said that the narrative
comes to a little village of Long Island, where evinces moderation and good taste in a some-
he passes the rest of his days in quiet benefi- what unusual degree, and is not altogether dis-
cence, becoming endeared to all who know him creditable to the literary judgment of the
by his kindly nature, his disinterested efforts “Atlantic” editor.
to do good to those about him, and, above all, Philadelphia seems to have literary aspira-
by his being the embodiment of the rarest tions in an unwonted degree just at present,
kind of culture, by his being a gentleman in for besides Dr. Mitchell's novel, we have one
the highest sense of the word. The reader of by Harford Flemming, entitled “A Carpet
this simply told and beautiful chronicle has a Knight.” The fingers of one hand will not
feeling of personal loss at the death of the long suffice to count the literary characters of
man with the shadow, and does not or should that staid municipality if this hitherto unheard-
not care very much what the shadow is, so lit of productiveness is continued.
"A Carpet
tle does it obscure the real nature of the man Knight” is not a remarkable book in any sense,
and the greatness of his transparent soul. being simply what the advertisement states, “a
The second part of the story is very different. good-humored description of the every-day life
A young American novelist chances, a number of cultivated people.” In other words, it is
of years after the death of John Wallace, to irretrievably commonplace, not being redeemed
visit the Long Island village where the scene by the least touch of invention, passion, or
of the first part is laid, and, hearing some brilliancy of style. It would be insignificant
thing of the life of this man and of the rumored were it not for one feature which marks it for
mystery attaching to him, thinks that he may distinct reprobation. We refer to the intro-
here have found the material for a novel, and duction, as a part of the machinery to be
conceives the plan of unravelling the mystery. legitimately used in a novel of modern prac-
Having picked up what scanty information the tical life, of one of the “phenomena" just now
place affords concerning John Wallace, he goes made popular by the learned "investigations"
to England, where he obtains several slight of the “Society for the Promotion of a Belief
clues which encourage him in his pursuit. As in Ghost Stories ”—the self-styled "Society for
he follows up each of these in turn, he becomes Psychical Research.”. A young lady in the
each time convinced that he is on the way to a story sees the “apparition" of a beloved uncle
speedy solution of the problem, but is each struggling to save himself from drowning. He
time doomed to disappointment. As these is rescued, returns home, and they compare
convictions and disappointments are shared by notes, with the result, of course, that the time
the reader, it may be imagined how unsatis- of the “apparition” coincides with the moment
factory he is likely to find a story which thus of actual distress. It is but natural that the
repeatedly misleads him, and leaves him at the “investigations” of the “society" above men-
end with no more knowledge than he started tioned should cause the literature of fiction to
with. Ingenious as this second part of the be invaded by a host of "phenomena” of this
story is, and necessary as it is to the parallel type, and it is not the least deplorable result of
which is offered by “The Ring and the Book,” | the misdirected activity of those who are respon-
we are almost tempted to advise that it be left sible for the prominence which has lately been
unread. Unless the reader is fully prepared given to these vagaries of the diseased imagina-
for what comes, he will be disappointed; while tion.
if he confine himself to the exquisite first part, That ingenious story-teller known as Hugh
his enjoyment will be great and unimpaired. Conway is busily engaged in working the vein
Dr. Mitchell's “In War Time,” which has which he struck in his first novel, and has pub-
been running in the “Atlantic” until quite lished another quite as interesting, besides
recently, while not exactly a medical novel, is being occupied with the preparation of a serial
quite too evidently the work of a medical man. for the “English Illustrated Magazine." He
There is enough of the shop in it to give a has also published, under the title of “Bound
slight tinge of pedantry to a work in the main Together,” a collection of fugitive pieces, to
colorless, although written carefully, and, at appease the sudden demand for work of the
times, well. It is a very matter-of-fact narra peculiar kind with whose production he has
tive of a few Philadelphia people during the identified himself. “Dark Days” is a very
years of the war and those closely following, - ingenious narrative, without any infusion of the
the principal interest attaching to a young girl supernatural element. The story is that of a
left an'orphan by the death of her Confederate woman who is supposed by her lover, and who


330
[April,
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afterward supposes herself, in a moment of The life of an American journalist is not the
mental alienation, to have committed a murder. best preparation for a novel-writer of the higher
Accepting the situation, he marries her; and class, and the slipshod style of many parts of
before she learns what has been done on the this novel would drag it down were its merits
night of the crime, he carries her to Spain, much greater than they are. The author has
where they can live secure from English law. tried to use a larger vocabulary than he is
There the secret is accidentally revealed to her, master of; he allows himself to use such an
and socn after they learn that a man in England expression as “jadedly lolling," and to grossly
is accused of the crime and awaits his trial. misapply such a term as “anti-typical.” He
The mental struggle which follows is suggest even speaks of a thing as being “aggravating"
ive, at a great distance, of the struggle of Jean in the sense of annoying or irritating, and talks
Valjean with his conscience, in Victor Hugo's of persons "demeaning" themselves without
immortal work; and the outcome is that they indicating the kind of demeanor. Mr. Keenan
resolve upon a speedy return in order to save shows considerable familiarity with Paris,
the accused man, should he be found guilty. although the French expressions which he
The critical scene is laid in the English court scatters so liberally over his pages are not
room where the trial is in progress, and the always correct, and it is hard to take seriously
woman who believes that she is the criminal is such statements as that the industry of the
about to declare her performance of the deed, fishermen along the banks of the Seine supplies
when the man accused pleads guilty. This the tables of the poorer classes. An "ingra-
denouement startles the reader by its unex tiating epigraph" upon what the author calls
pectedness, but it is soon made clear that the the "frontispage” dedicates the book to a Chi-
circumstantial evidence upon which her self-cago gentleman of well-known literary pro-
accusation is based was entirely misleading, clivities.
and that her hands are after all free from any In “The Money Makers” it is difficult to
The ingenuity with which the find anything at all to commend. It is a lurid
story is managed is deserving of considerable picture of what is said to be American society,
praise, although in any other respect it is written in very extraordinary English with
beneath serious criticism. Such a work lends occasional passages of equally extraordinary
itself easily to parody, and Mr. Andrew Lang French. It is the kind of novel which Ouida
has written a little burlesque entitled “Still would have written upon such a subject without
Darker Days,” which should be read as a com- anything of the picturesque power or beauty of
panion-piece. “Bound Together" a title to style that she would have given it. There is
which, by the way, we think that Mr. Donald not a figure, a situation, or a motive in the
Mitchell has a prior claim — is a collection of book that is not absurdly overdrawn, and con-
ghost stories of the most approved sort, and is ceived in a spirit of sensational unreality. Of
especially to be commended to the attention of the taste which has prompted the introduction
the Society for Psychical Research, who may into these pages of poorly disguised portraits,
find in it much material for what they are taken both from public and from private life,
pleased to call their scientific investigations. the less said the better. The average jour-
Mr. Henry F. Keenan, author of "Trajan” nalist's idea of literature is that it is something
and “The Money Makers,” has evidently read to sell; and "The Money Makers” may be
his Thackeray with great diligence, to judge considered to be literature only in this de-
from the former of these two novels. “Trajan" graded sense.
is a rambling story of some Americans in Paris The ponderous “romance which bears the
during the eventful year which closed with the name of Admiral Porter upon its title-page,
fall of the Commune. Mr. Keenan is as garru- and which has been considerately bestowed
lous as Thackeray, and as fatally given to upon the public in a series of nine parts, is a
moralizing. His long-winded tale just escapes very curious literary phenomenon. The author
being wearisome by its cleverness,--and, to has evidently been devoting his old age to the
complete the parallel, his heroine is another perusal of a poor class of French novels, and
Becky Sharp, and even outdoes that interesting has been fired with the unholy ambition to
person in bright and attractive wickedness, become the American Sue, Dumas, and Ga-
while his good people are mostly milksops. boriau, all in one. “Allan Dare and Robert le
To this, however, Trajan himself is an excep Diablo” is a simple chronicle of such every-
tion. This sentimental young man,
who con-
day things as murders and burglaries, of
templates suicide in the first chapter and mar pirates and smugglers, of fiendish plots and
riage in the last, is a really fine figure, and we
hair-breadth escapes.
The chief actors are
take leave of him with some regret. But it two long-lost brothers, one of whom is a detect-
must not be inferred from this that Mr. Keenan ive, whose exploits cast those of Vidocq into
makes any other than a very bad Thackeray. I the shade, while the other is a pirate, com-


1885.]
331
THE DIAL
pared with whom Captain Kidd seems uninter-class of readers to which these stories are
esting; and both are men of such physical addressed. The present example is strikingly
powers that Hercules would have been badly French, not only in its mode of treatment, but
worsted had he chanced to fall in with either in style; and reads like a translation, rather
of them. The world in which these people than like an original piece of work.
move and these things occur is as unreal as “ Our Own Set" is the title of the translation
that of the wildest fairy tale. It has no com of a little German novel written by a lady who
monplace features whatever, and a murder or assumes the name of Ossip Schubin, and which
an abduction or the restoration of a long-lost has attracted considerable attention in Germany.
relative causes no more surprise to those It is a confused and inconclusive story of the
concerned than is occasioned by the most life of the Austrian colony in Rome, which it
casual occurrence of ordinary life, and is re has depicted in an exceedingly unfavorable
corded with the same placid tranquillity. The light, and in which the worst elements of
worst thing about it is that the writer com- European class-prejudice and social life appear
placently promises us a further deluge of the as the most prominent features. It contains
same sort; and, as the fountain of his inven some amusing passages, but will hardly repay
tion seems inexhaustible, he is likely to keep perusal.
the promise. The style and the language of "Love and Mirage" is a pretty enough title,
the narrative are such as might be expected, but the reader of the story to which it is
and are admirably well fitted to the subject. attached does not see exactly what it means.
The author doubtless considers the matter of It is a book for young persons of romantic
grammatical correctness, as well as that of tastes, and contains, among other things, a
general literary quality, to be unworthy of his mysterious island, a German potentate, a
close attention, and will not allow himself to be broken heart, a chivalrous Englishman, and
trammelled by such merely technical considera- several more or less faithful loves. It is inco-
tions.
herently and carelessly written, and is upon
Mr. Julian Hawthorne's last novel, “Noble about the literary level of the sentimental
Blood,” is a very slight thing, and somewhat schoolgirl.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
more restrained than most of his romances. In
the present case, that which the reader is
chiefly called upon to accept is the character
HAMERTON'S. LANDSCAPE.*
of a girl who is discovered by a strolling artist
in Ireland, and who inhabits the forsaken tower This is a noble and sumptuous volume, and
of an ancient building. The reader is left in one can easily see that Mr. Hamerton enjoyed
doubt for some time as to whether she is not a the labor of its production. A passionate love
ghost; but she eventually turns out to be made of nature, habits of close and sympathetic obser-
of real flesh and blood, and the artist has the vation, adequate and well-digested scientific
satisfaction of discovering, in a secret drawer knowledge, long and severe training in the
of an antique cabinet conveniently placed there technique of art, a poet's feeling and imagina-
for the purpose, a manuscript which proves tion, an intimate and appreciative acquaint-
her at least to be the descendant of one of ance with the masterpieces of landscape paint-
the first of the old Venetian families, which is ing, great intellectual breadth, and sanity of
almost as satisfactory a thing to be as a well- judgment, which are well-known characteristics
preserved spook. Having established the facts of the author, enable him to do ample justice
of her physical existence, the artist wishes to to the fascinating subjects that are embraced
He wins her affection by making in the plan of the work. His intention, he tells
heroic display of a pistol on an occasion when us, was not to produce a treatise on landscape
there is no more necessity for one than there is art, either from the technical or æsthetic side,
for a monkey-wrench; and the tale ends hap nor a treatise exclusively on landscape in
pily. It is well written, as the name of the nature. The dominant idea in writing the vol-
author would lead us to expect.
ume is the influence of landscape on man; and
“The Crime of Christmas Day” is a novel, we have here the ripe fruits of the most care-
or rather a novelette, after the pattern of ful study of the manifold aspects and features
“Monsieur Lecocq,” and the imitation of of nature as they impress the beholder and as
Gaboriau is evident upon every page. With they are related to what is permanently inter-
the models before one, there is no difficulty in esting in human life. We learn how nature
composing any number of these stories of appears to the writer, how poets have described
crime and its detection, the only requisite being
some considerable ingenuity in the construc-
By Philip Gilbert Hamerton, author of "Etch-
ing and Etchers," "The Graphic Arts," etc. With Original
tion of the plot. Of literary quality, such a
Etchings, and many Illustrations from Pictures and Drawings.
tale as this has none, nor is any desired by the London : Seeley & Co. New York: Macmillan & Co.
marry her.
* LANDSCAPE.


332
[April,
THE DIAL
6. The
it, how artists have interpreted it, how it is Rivers," "Rivers in Art,” “Trees in Nature
affected by architecture and the presence of and under the Control of Man,” “Trees in
living beings. As we are led along from page Art,” “The Effects of Agriculture on Land-
to page, we are constantly coming on instruct- scape,” “Figures and Animals in Landscape,”
ive information, rich historic allusions, apt “Architecture in Landscape,"
Two
quotations, bits of suggestive experience, wise Immensities.” The chapters are never over-
reflections, pictures of literary beauty, and done, and yet our sense of what is essential in
descriptions of scenery, that enthral us by their their treatment is always satisfied. With his
individual charm or by delightful reminis rich fund of scientific, literary and artistic know-
cences. Mr. Hamerton takes us into the choicest ledge, Mr. Hamerton knows how to manage his
fields of literature and art, but we are at the ample resources, not only without pedantry,
same time face to face with nature in her seren without dulness, without vagueness or exag-
est, softest, wildest, most austere, and impress- geration, but with the nicest discrimination,
ive moods and forms. There is no type of the strongest feeling for proportion, the
natural loveliness or grandeur with which he is keenest apprehension of what is suitable in
not conversant; no secrets of the solitude, no carrying out the intention of the work. Read-
splendors of the earth and sky, that have ers of his books need not be told that the style
escaped his observation. Whatever makes a of this composition has all the captivating
landscape attractive or repulsive, whatever in charm of his best productions. There is
it reflects our feelings, whatever inspiration or hardly a page of this magnificent treatise but
consolation we derive from its varying sights contains some gem of description, suggestion,
and moods, all that it gets from association reflection, or observation, that I would like to
with man's life and work, has here ample por copy in this notice, if space allowed. Here is
traiture—is delineated by a master-hand. plenty to delight those who care more for lit-
A statement of its topics and their arrange erature than for nature, while those who are
ment will afford my readers the best view of most in love with nature, most conversant with
the matter and scope of the treatise that I can her features and phenomena, will take immense
give, in the limited space at my command. satisfaction in finding their deepest apprehen-
After a Preface which, in explanations and sions and sympathies so admirably expressed.
important information, is an admirable intro Mr. Hamerton's critical taste and judgment
duction to the whole work, the author prepares are shown as well in the selection and adapta-
us for the better appreciation of the other sub tion of the illustrations of the volume as in
jects which he discusses, by these delightful the text. These, some fifty in number, consist
chapters: “Illusions," "Our Feelings of Affec- of etchings, reproductions in photogravure
tion for Nature," "The Effects of our Physical and heliogravure, engravings in line and mez-
Condition on the Love of Nature," "The zotint, and a few pen-and-ink drawings explana-
Power of Nature over Us," "Landscape as a tory of certain topographic points. Some of
Reflection of the Moods of Man." Then come these illustrations are reproductions of famous
essays describing nature as portrayed in litera- pictures by such artists as Turner, and some
ture-a wide and varied field which is treated are original etchings. There is not one of the
with profound sympathy and a familiarity with fifty but has some obvious purpose in relation
the best things that writers have said of it. to the text, and which does not possess some
These essays
are: “The Art of Describing characteristic excellence. Of the etchings,
Landscape," "Land and Sea in the Odyssey," “Stag and Tree,” by Heywood Hardy, “Ven-
“The Virgilian Landscapes," "Landscapes of ice from the Sea," by Joseph Pennell, “Bulls
Ariosto, of Wordsworth, of Lamartine." After in the Roman Campagna, by A. Massé,
these follow chapters which are learned and Chiselhurst Common,” by E. P. Brandard,
beautiful studies of all varieties of natural “Totnes” (a Turner), by A. Brunet-Debaines,
scenery-a good deal of which is treated in ‘Near Coast at Cayeux-sur-Mer,” by Edmond
relation to art, but treated in a manner so sim Yon, “LeBas Meudon on the Seine and
ple, so graceful, and with such graphic fidelity, “Rouen,” by Maxime Lalanne, and “On the
that any intelligent reader is prepared for Thames,” by Stephen Parrish, have distin-
their enjoyment. The titles are: “ Landscape guished merits. The reproductions by what is
in the Graphic Arts," "Scenery in Great Brit called the "photographic processes"--a branch
ain and France," "The Geography of Beauty of art which is explained in the Preface--are full
and Art," “ Mountains — For and Against, of interest, and some of them, as, for instance,
“Geology and Landscape,” “Of High Places,” Dujardin's photogravures of Corot's “Wood
“ Moods of a Mountain,"
” “On Scale in Lake and Lake" and “Mantes La Jolie” and
Scenery," “Lake Shores, Lake Islands, Lake "Kirkstall Abbey," from Turner, are marvels
Surfaces,"
,” “Lake Scenery in Painting,” “Rivu of beauty.
lets,” “Brooks," "Canoe Rivers," "Navigable Mr. Hamerton places us under renewed


1885.]
333
THE DIAL
66
obligations by this delightful and instructive noble and intelligible plays, several of which have
contribution to a class of literature that is not stood the test of actual representation; at least sixty
overworked. To some readers, doubtless, this dramatic pieces of splendid structure and pervaded
will be the favorite book of all the charming by an intense human interest, and finally a multitude
ones that he has already produced. It will unexcelled for beauty of melody and truth of senti-
of lyric and narrative poems, many of which are
certainly have peculiar attractions to persons ment, and others are bewildering if not to the last
whose mental constitution is strongly poetic, degree incomprehensible. Browning is not, on the
and who yet crave a literature that, while whole, as easy reading as Mrs. Hemans, the essayist
appealing to their æsthetic sensibilities, is acknowledges. “Sordello,” for example, is as diffi-
interpretative of a sound and deep experience cult as “ Endymion” or the “Revolt of Islam.”
and is firmly grounded in scientific knowledge. There is a great deal of beautiful poetical writing
HORATIO N. POWERS.
extant, continues the essayist, but “it smells of
mortality.” When we take down Browning, on the
contrary, we cannot think of him and the
'wormy
bed' together. He is so unmistakably and de-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
liciously alive.” Then, in a climax of enthusiasm,
he exclaims, “Will Browning die ? Yes; when
The reader, of appreciative mind, who chances on
Niagara stops.” The article called “ Truth-Hunting"
the small volume of essays entitled by its unnamed
has, besides numerous pungent and sagacious com-
English author"Obiter Dicta” (Scribners), will
congratulate himself upon a stroke of good fortune. Coleridge and Lamb, in which a thrilling tribute is
ments, a striking comparison between the traits of
The seven not long articles contained in the collec. paid to the unselfish life of the last-named. Alto-
tion are gems of critical writing. Vigorous and
—a felicitous appellation,
imagery and veined with delicious humor and irony, unappeased by a first reading.
racy in style, they are enriched with beautiful gether, the “Obiter Dicta”.
as explained on the title-page-excite an interest
while their spirit is at once broad and penetrating,
catholic and charitable, and their reflections fresh It is a singular circumstance that it should be left
and independent. New and noble things are said in for an American to give to the world the first full
the first paper about the just now much belabored | biographical sketch of a man so distinguished as the
and berated author, Carlyle, which give comfort and author and theologian, Dean Stanley of Westminster.
support to the still great company of his admirers. It is nearly four years since he passed from the scene
Allowance is made for the frailties of his temper, of his busy and stirring labors, and no one of his
the infirmities of his physical constitution, and the friends or his countrymen, to whom the attempt
defects of his genius; and yet he is accorded a should be a special duty or pride, has undertaken a
position among the greatest historians of all time— history of his life and work. To supply the want
Thucydides, Tacitus, and Gibbon. Carlyle himself of such a narrative, Mrs. Grace A. Oliver has pro-
drew the distinction between the historical artist and duced, with characteristic fidelity and thoroughness,
the historical artisan, and our essayist declares that a sketch of Stanley (Cupples, Upham & Co.), which
England boasts of two such great artists,” one of presents a fair portrait of the celebrated divine, It
whom depicted the “ Decline and Fall of the Roman lacks the vividness of an account based upon a per-
Empire," and the other the “French Revolution." sonal acquaintance with the subject, or of one written
He claims, moreover, for the latter a place amongst amid the scenes and in the atmosphere which sur-
the prophets of humanity and the grandest of rounded and determined his character and attain-
inspired poets—alluding to passages in “Sartor ments; yet it has been prepared with evident
Resartus" and the “French Revolution" as the conscientiousness, and after à careful study of his
sublimest poetry of the century. His paper con writings and such other biographical material as was
cludes with the pithy address to his readers: accessible to a diligent gleaner. Dean Stanley was
“ Brother dunces, lend me your ears! not to crop, favored by birth, education, and position, far beyond
but that I may whisper into their furry depths: "Do the lot of ordinary mortals. He was the descendant
not quarrel with genius. We have none ourselves, of an old and historic family which has gained fame
and yet we are so constituted that we cannot live by the deeds of successive generations. It was one
without it."" The second essay, “On the alleged of his ancestors, a leader on Flodden Field, whose
obscurity of Mr. Browning's poetry,” is a fine name Scott put into the mouth of the dying Mar-
analysis of the qualities which characterize this mion, in the ringing line:
writer, and render him specially endeared to his
"Charge, Chester, charge! On, Stanley, on!"
disciples and a ready butt of ridicule to the yet which is familiar as a household word. Arthur
unconverted. In estimating the purpose and power Stanley was born in 1815 in the parish of Alderly,
of any poet, the essayist remarks that we are first Cheshire, of which his father was rector until pro-
to ask if he has bettered us, if he has quickened moted to the bishopric of Norwich in 1839. Young
any passion, lightened any burden, purified any Arthur was educated at Rugby, where he enjoyed
taste. If he has done any of these things to a the close supervision and friendship of Dr. Arnold,
considerable extent, he cannot be charged with then newly installed head-master of the school.
obscurity, and he can be credited with the perform- Stanley carried off all the prizes which Rugby had to
ance of a vital mission to mankind. Dividing the offer, standing first among his comrades in conduct
works of Browning into two periods, separated by as in scholarship. He afterward passed through
the year 1864, and ranging these in their proper Oxford with high honor, and became a fellow of
classes, we have in the first period a series of eight University College, at the same time entering holy
66


334
[April,
THE DIAL
orders. His career as fellow and tutor at Oxford her to accomplish an enormous amount of work of a
was terminated at the end of twelve years by his various and excellent quality; but had destiny been
appointment to a canonry at Canterbury Cathedral. kindlier to her, how much more might she have done
In 1858 he returned to Oxford as Professor of with her splendid abilities, and with how much more
Ecclesiastical History, and in 1863 accepted the ease to berself and gracious effect in furthering the
office of Dean of Westminster. In the latter year, causes she desired to advance. Mrs. Miller has
at the age of forty-eight, the Dean married a lady of transfused her sketch of Miss Martineau with her
noble lineage, who had for a protracted period been own strong personality, which compels our recogni-
an attendant of the Queen and was greatly beloved tion amid all the interest of her subject. She exhibits
by the royal family. Her death preceded that of in the whole structure of the biography a vigorous
her husband by five years. These are a few of the intellect, warm sympathies, and trained powers of
incidents which form the chief stepping-stones in the reasoning. Her tone occasionally has a shade of
life of Dean Stanley. He was a voluminous and harshness and self-assurance, but as a rule her posi-
versatile writer, but is most widely known in this tive manner but ensures our respect. She has
character by his able biography of Dr. Arnold, a enjoyed the advantage, in completing her portraiture
work which affects the reader as a powerful stimulant of Miss Martineau, of consulting friends who were
to right endeavor. Of his later works, those which inmates of her household or trusted companions for
have perhaps done most to extend a knowledge many years, and portions of her correspondence
of him are his history of the Jewish Church and the which have not been accessible to other biographers.
picturesque record of travel in Sinai and Palestine. She has consequently embodied considerable new
As a theologian, Dean Stanley's influence was thrown information in her narrative, and, with her fresh
with the reformers of the Church of England. With mode of treatment, given it a stamp of originality.
Kingsley, Maurice, and other men of like liberal and
fearless opinions, he strove to broaden the creed of
MR. WARD's memoir of his uncle Humphry Sand-
the established church so as to admit within it the with (Cassell & Co.) is one of those stories of a
movement of progressive minds. His spirit was sin- brave, sincere, unselfish, and manly life, which do so
gularly pure, his life stainless, and his accomplish- much to ennoble our opinion of the human race.
ments those of a gifted and industrious man of
The sketch will introduce for the first time to most
letters.
American readers the name even of its subject; but
it will leave them with a profound respect for his
The estimable series of biographies of "Famous worth of character and the value of his deeds. Dr.
Women” (Roberts) has received one of its most Sandwith, the son of an English surgeon, adopted
valuable accessions, in the life of Harriet Martineau, his father's vocation. He was a student of London
by Mrs. F. Fenwick Miller. It is not often, indeed, University, and it is noted that when he appeared
that a memoir of whatever pretension so admirably with his class at Somerset House to undergo his first
meets the requirements from an analytical as well as medical examination, “a dark-complexioned youth
historical point of view. The public has looked with named Huxley," afterward the famous scientist, was
satisfaction upon the autobiography of Miss Mar one of the aspirants for the coveted award of merit.
tineau, and the supplementary chapters by Mrs. Not finding an opening suited to his mind in Eng-
Chapman, considering that it had in these two bulky land, Dr. Sandwith went to Constantinople in quest
volumes all the details needed for the formation of a of a more fortunate opportunity for the exercise of
just understanding of the personage they delineate; his talents. Here he joined the celebrated explorer
but Mrs. Miller shows that she has not undertaken a Layard, in his second expedition to Nineveh, which
work of supererogation, and that her essay is an was undertaken in the summer of 1849. Two years
adjunct to the larger book which we could not afford of faithful devotion to duty in this field of work,
to miss. While necessarily compressing into the where severe and continuous hardships were endured,
smallest space the facts composing the life of Miss resulted in his prostration by fever and consequent
Martineau, she has allowed room for the indulgence return to Constantinople. In his extensive expe-
of much discriminating and suggestive reflection rience, during this time, with the diseases affecting
upon the circumstances which environed her life, the wild tribes of the desert, Dr. Sandwith made the
particularly in her early years, and which interfered important observation that with the exception of
so painfully with the free and healthful development gout and scrofula he found most diseases common
of her remarkable individuality and with the condi which we are apt to attribute exclusively to a high
tions essential to her future happiness. Mrs. Miller state of civilization. At the outbreak of the Crimean
has evinced great depth of insight into the spirit war, he obtained a position on the staff of Colonel
underlying the character of Miss Martineau, and an Williams, and with that officer sustained the famous
uncommon grasp of the motives moving undeviat- siege of Kars. His courage and efficiency during
ingly through all her conduct and her work. By the ordeal commended him to the respect of all Eng-
the light she lets in upon the inner experience of the land, and he returned to his native land, after six
author, upon the causes and extent of the gloom years' absence, to find himself a hero. His account
shrouding her girlhood, upon the sad ending of her of “The Siege of Kars," published immediately after
hopes of wifehood, upon the miseries resulting from his return, spread his reputation widely.
the loss of hearing—not to mention the privation of ernment rewarded his services with a foreign appoint-
the senses of taste and of smell,—and from many ment, and thenceforth he was a man of mark among
years of severe invalidism, we realize with new vivid- enlightened Englishmen. By his residence in the
ness the stern trials which fate imposed upon her and East, Dr. Sandwith acquired a deep sympathy for
the heroism with which she surmounted them. The the races enslaved by the Sultai: and a great hatred
exercise of indomitable energy and industry enabled of the character of the Turk. Several times, and
The gov-


1885.]
335
THE DIAL
serve.
notably during the Franco-German war, he made India to join her step-father, who was connected
extended tours through the provinces inhabited by with the department of public works at the ancient
the Christian subjects of the Porte, laboring to city of Poonah. Marrying, a little later, an officer
ameliorate the miserable condition of these oppressed in the British army, she dwelt in Bombay for a
peoples. It was for his humane efforts in this direc number of years, meantime making visits of varying
tion that his name is held in special regard in his duration to different places of interest in the empire.
own country as well as by those whom he labored to She made herself familiar with Hindostanee and
His death, in 1881, was the result of exposure Sanscrit, and through books and daily observation
and privation incurred in the pursuance of this phil- learned intimately the history, the religion, and the
anthropic work. The memoir by his nephew has been customs of the principal races which inhabit that
compiled from copious autobiographical notes left by populous realm. From voluminous notes taken on
Dr. Sandwith, which convey the impression that it the spot, or from the richer stores of memory, she
would have been well to publish them with fewer has recently transcribed portions of her early “ Life
omissions than the biographer has deemed best to and Travels in India" (Porter & Coates) before the
subject them to.
era of railroads, when primitive and tedious methods
of transportation were the only ones in use outside
The plan of Mr. Edward T. Mason's series of
of the cities occupied by the English. She has
volumes presenting “Personal Traits of British Au blended a great deal of history with these personal
thors” (Scribner) is clever and novel. He has not recollections, thereby furnishing a quite comprehen-
attempted to offer any new or original views of the sive view of the most striking peculiarities of the
traits, habits, and indiosyncrasies of the great men
country and its mixture of ancient civilizations.
whom he brings afresh before our eyes, but by means
The book is less exciting than her previous ones,
of a rare selection from the multitudinous sketches being more in the didactic style; but it is repleto
already exi-ting, and drawn from life by their con-
with instruction. Mrs. Leonowens always uses her
temporaries, their friends and companions, he has pen with grace and ease, and in the manner of a
arranged a gallery of portraits which are remarkably cultivated and amiable gentlewoman.
vivid and engaging. There are twenty-seven authors
in the entire collection, all belonging to the third The unification of Italy is one of the most signifi-
great creative period in English literature: that cant events of the nineteenth century; the work at
beginning in the latter part of the eighteenth and once of the revolutionary spirit which has character-
extending to near the middle of the nineteenth ized the last hundred years, and of the principle of
century. The first volume contains matter relating nationality which has been active in the last gen-
to Byron, Shelley, Moore, Rogers, Keats, Southey, eration. It is also an event of the most dramatic
and Landor ; the second shows us Wordsworth, interest, associated with some of the most important
Coleridge, Lamb, Hazlitt, Hunt, and Proctor; the military episodes and some of the greatest personages
third, a group of Scotch authors numbering Scott, of the century. Metternich, the astute diplomatist;
Hogg, Campbell, Chalmers, Wilson, DeQuincey, and Mazzini, the radical thinker; Garibaldi, the popular
Jeffrey; and the fourth is devoted to Hood, Macaulay, hero; Manin, the champion of independence; Victor
Sydney Smith, Jerrold, Thackeray, Charlotte Bronté, Emmanuel, the chivalrous king; Cavour, the far-see-
and Dickens. The volumes are skilfully edited: ing statesman,--all these are not only types, but in
Each begins, after the preface, with a chronology of almost every case the best types, of their respective
the births and deaths of the authors treated, follow classes which the nineteenth century has produced.
ing which are the successive sketches, with, in every A history of this remarkable series of events, au-
case, an introductory note by the editor, ending with thentic and of moderate size, has been much needed;
a convenient tabulated statement of the leading and in Mr. Probyn's “Italy, from the Fall of Na-
events in the life of the writer. The sketches them- poleon I. in 1815 to the death of Victor Emmanuel
selves are composed of brief extracts gathered from in 1878" (Cassell & Co.) the want seems to have been
a vast number of diverse sources, arranged topically, met. It is well-written, abounding in incident, and
and so fitly put together that a continuous and com inspired by a hearty sympathy for the heroic struggle
plete characterization is the result. To further the which it commemorates. It is much to be desired
reader's clearness of apprehension, side and foot that we could have similar compendious histories of
notes are provided, and at the close of each volume
other European nations during the same period, for
is given a list of the works quoted and a full index. there is no history so hard to get at as the history of
While appreciating the value of the various and recent events.
often contrasting opinions and conclusions, which
by their present juxtaposition heighten their mutual THE second volume of “Greater London," by
force, we are mindful of the immense labor in research Edward Walford, has been issued by Cassell & Com-
and adjustment they have cost, and duly grateful to pany. The scope of this work includes a panoramic
the editor for the information and enjoyment he has survey of the region lying immediately around the
furnished.
city of London, and embracing portions of Kent,
Surrey, Middlesex, Hertfordshire, and Essex. Each
MRS. LEONOWENS is qualified by a long residence village and parish in these suburbs of England's
in Hindostan and Siam to write entertainingly' of great metropolis is reviewed in turn, and the leading
those remote and wonderful countries in Southern events in its history, the churches, mansions, and
Asia. The two volumes she has heretofore published, other noted structures of which it boasts, with in-
narrating experiences in these lands, have been of a teresting facts connected with the residents who
peculiarly romantic and enticing character. When have at one time or another given it distinction, are
a young girl, fresh from school, she went out to set forth for the benefit of the reader. The present


336
[April,
THE DIAL
volume begins with an account of Woolwich, on the ties make his annotations, primarily intended for
Thames, east of London, and embraces the entire tier undergraduates, profitable reading for more advanced
of towns lying south of the river within the district students.
designated. The narrative is copiously illustrated
PROFESSOR MERRIAM's Herodotus (also in Har-
with woodcuts, and is crowded with valuable and
various information. A large and excellent map of the sixth and seventh books of the historian con-
per's Classical Series) is a convenient school edition
accompanies the book, affording, in conjunction
with the letterpress, a comprehensive and clear taining the history of the Persian wars from Mara-
understanding of the topography and history of one
thon to Thermopylæ. The work is introduced by a
life of Herodotus, a useful epitome of the contents of
of the most attractive areas in the circuits of the
the nine books, and a brief but excellent summary of
globe.
the Herodotean dialect. The annotations, which are
MR. T. T. TIMAYENTS'S “Greece in the Times of mainly grammatical or briefly explanatory of the
Homer” (Appleton) is a convenient popular hand-
connection of thought in the text, are scholarly, but
book of Homeric antiquities, amply illustrated by perhaps more copious than was necessary in the case
extracts from Bryant's translation. Mr. Timayenis of so easy an author as Herodotus.
does not write for specialists, but treats in a simple
ONE may be confident of a treat in any book
intelligent way such themes as the Homeric house, bearing on its title-page the name of Mrs. Ewing.
the furniture, gardens, man, woman, love, mar-
riage, children, clothing, baths, banquets, illness, to win and hold the interesi of her reader. Her
She is a strong, even, quiet writer, who never fails
death,—thereby, as he says, unfolding in a single stories have been chiefly of child-life and for the
volume of less than three hundred pages the entire
benefit of young people; but they are of a kind to
Homeric life, from the birth of the hero to his death.
entertain and instruct persons of every age. They
A scholar is under some obligations, however, even
are genuine transcripts of nature, full of truth, of
when writing for the much-enduring “ general feeling, of pathos, and of the experience which is real
reader," and the value of Mr. Timayenis's book is
to every human heart. The uupretending tale of
greatly impaired by the absence of an index, and “Daddy Darwin's Dovecot” (Roberts) has all the
still more by the fact that he has not afforded the qualities which distinguish her work. It is the
reader the means of verifying a single one of his
story of a workhouse lad, whose simple honesty and
numerous citations. The reader who is enough of fidelity point a moral which sinks deeply into the
a specialist to care for a dissertation on Homeric mind. Mrs. Ewing's stories are usually of humble
locks may not unreasonably desire to know in what life, and have for their motive the portrayal of some
connection it is said that
noble incidents or career.
"Every good man loves and cherishes his spouse."
Mr. Timayenis's style is perhaps a trifle sophomorical, MR. AugustŲs J. C. HARE's “Sketches in Hol-
especially in cases where, in speaking of the an land and Scandinavia” (Routledge) bear the stamp
cient Greeks, he appears stirred by a “fiery family of a writer who is addicted to the production of
feeling for a glory one with ” his. A vivid imagi- guide-books. They are presented as pictures from
nation is required to “see the art-loving Hellenic a traveller's portfolio; but they resemble too closely
mind not only resplendent through centuries, * * * the bald form of a catalogue of places and events.
but nestling even in the simplest house-furniture.”
The fourist who seeks in them assistance in laying
In spite of some such trifling defects, however, the out a route through the countries they penetrate,
book will form a convenient companion for Bryant's may rely upon their plain and trustworthy state-
Homer.
ments. The portions relating to Norway and Swe-
PROFESSOR GILDERSLEEVE's edition of the “Olym. others—in consequence, perhaps, of the scenery
den are more picturesque in description than tho.
pian and Pythian Odes of Pindar” (Harper's Classi- | being more novel and pleasing. The interest of the
cal Series) will, it is to be hoped, stimulate the book is enhanced by agreeable illustrations.
study of an author too much neglected in American
colleges. The work is delightfully printed. The
THE little brochure entitled " Discriminate"
introduction of illustrations from Greek coins is a (Appleton) is a companion to “Don't,” and, like
feature especially to be commended. The valuable it, a useful book of reference to have at hand. Not
introductory essay and the notes convey, in brief, all of its criticisms will be accepted without dispute,
pregnant, not to say epigrammatic, style, all the for in questions of syntax there are often contradic-
information necessary to the intelligent enjoyment of tory decisions among the grammarians; but the
the most difficult of the Greek poets. The treatment awakening of inquiry in the matter is worth a good
of syntactical problems is especially instructive. deal. It puts us on our guard in the use of our
Such questions are not solved by mechanical appli- mother tongue, which should be kept pure by all
cation of the rigid formulas of an ideal universal who have respect for integrity in words or deeds.
grammar generalized from the Latin, but are anal-
yzed with constant reference to the actual historical
development of the plastic resources of the Greek
tongue. Professor Gildersleeve also possesses in a HAMERTON'S “ Landscape," reviewed elsewhere in
remarkable degree the art, so characteristic of the this issue, is published in two forms: a large-paper
best recent English scholarship, of dismissing the edition at $70, of which 150 copies are offered for
unprofitable speculations of conjectural philology in sale in this country; and a “ Columbier 8vo." edition,
brief suggestive phrases that show the writer's at $35, of which 250 copies are offered in this coun-
restraint to be voluntary, not enforced. These quali- | try.


1885.]
337
THE DIAL
You steered the bark that went before
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS. English Prose, A Manual of Composition and Rhe-
toric.” The work is designed for use in colleges
HENRY JAMES, JR., will have in the May“ Atlantic" and advanced classes in high schools and seminaries.
a critical paper on George Eliot as portrayed in her It is proposed to erect a monument to the memory
diaries and correspondence.
of the composer Weber, at his native place Entin,
The
A NEw novel of military life, by Alice King Ham-
on the centenary of ois birth, Dec. 18, 1886.
ilton, entitled “One of the Duanes," has just been project has the approval of the most distinguished
published by J. B. Lippincott & Co.
musicians of Europe, and America is invited to par-
ticipate. A sub-committee has been appointed for
CHARLES H. KERR, Chicago, will issue in May a this country, of which the chairman is Dr. Ziegfeld,
volume of poems selected by him from the original of the Musical College of Chicago, who will give
verse that has appeared in the pages
of “Unity.” further information, and receive subscriptions for the
Miss MURFREE's (otherwise Mr. Craddock's) very commendable undertaking.
serial story of “ The Prophet of the Great Smoky AUSTIN Dobson's new volume of poetry, “At the
Mou, tains” is soon to be issued in book form, by Sign of the Lyre,” just published by Henry Holt &
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Co., is composed mainly of verses now collected for
Two important works on “ The English School of the first time. The volume is thus prettily dedicated
Painting” and “The Flemish School of Painting,"
to Mr. E. C. Stedman, who, five years ago, intro-
by Ernest Chesneau and Prof. A. J. Wauters, are just duced Mr. Dobson to a wider circle of American
published, in an English translation, by Cassell & Co. readers:
“No need to-day that we commend
Williams's “History of the Negro Race in
This pinnace to your care, O friend!
America,” published two years ago by Putnam's
Sons, in two volumes, appears in a new edition in a
Between the whirlpool and the shore;
single volume. The work was fully reviewed in The
So,--though we want no pilot now,-
We write your name upon the prow."
DIAL, March, 1883.
DR. Baird's long-delaved “History of the
SELDOM are old literary acquaintances more wel-
Huguenot Emigration to America ” is just pub- tiful “ Riverside Aldine” dress by Houghton, Mifflin
come or agreeable than those presented in the beau-
lished by Dodd, Mead & Co.; together with Mrs.
& Co. The volumes of this series are small 16-mos.,
Barr's new novel, “ Jan Vedder's Wife,” a story of
a dollar each, and are models of simple elegance.
life in the Shetland Islands.
Aldrich's “ Marjorie Daw, and Other Stories” and
The Easter cards of L. Prang & Co. are noticeable Wamer's "My Summer in a Garden” begin the series;
for beauty of design and rich artistic execution. and never did the quiet humor of these writers seem
Among the cards, which are of great variety, are
quite so delicate and refined as in these charming
representations of the work of Gibson, Satterlee, Miss
pages. Other volumes will contain Lowell's “ Fire-
Bridges, and other prominent artists.
side Travels,” Harte's “Luck of Roaring Camp,”
The portrait of Lincoln, in the April “ Harper's,” | Howells's “Venetian Days,” and Burroughs's “Wake
is one of the most interesting published. It is made
Robin."
from a picture taken just before he became President; Louis Pasteur's biography, by his son-in-law,
and the deep rugged lines of the closely-shaven face with an introduction (for the English edition) by
are admirably rendered by the wood-engraver. Prof. Tyndall, is at last issued by D. Appleton &
CUPPLES, UPHAM & Co. announce a new and Co.,—who also publish a new work by G. J.
improved edition of W. H. Whitmore's “ Ancestral Romanes, "Jelly.F'ish, Star-Fish, and Sea-Urchins”;
Tablets," a book of diagrams for pedigrees, so
Owen Meredith's new poem,
Glenaveril, or The
arranged that eight generations of the ancestors of Metamorphoses”; Oliver B. Bunce's novel, “ The
any person may be recorded in a connected and Adventures of Timias Terrystone”; a reprint of the
simple form.
magazine controversy between Herbert Spencer and
Frederick Harrison, with the title, “ The Nature and
A TIMELY work on Afghanistan and the Anglo- Reality of Religion "; and a little manual on lan-
Russian Dispute," by Theo. F. Rodenbough, Bvt.-
Brigadier-General U. S. A.,--an account of Russia's
guage, called “Discriminate," a companion to
* Don't.”
advance in the direction of British India, with a
description of Afghanistan and its people—is
The new Arctic book of Commander Schl y and
announced for immediate publication by Putnam's Professor Soley, “ The Rescue of Greely,” has ap-
Sons.
peared from the press of Charles Scribner's Sons. It
is a substantial volume, handsomely illustrated. The
MR. WOODROW WILSON, whose excellent work on
fourth and concluding volume of Mason's “ Personal
“Congressional Government” was reviewed in our
Traits of British Authors" is just issued by the same
last number, has been chosen Professor in History in house; as also “Obiter Dicta,” reprinted from the
the new Bryn Mawr College for Women, near Phila-
fifth London edition ; Hoffmann's "Wierd Tales,"
delphia. In the same institution, Mr. Paul Shorey, newly translated from the German, in two volumes;
Ph.D. (Munich), a frequent contributor to The DIAL,
Mining Camps," a study in American frontier
has been chosen Associate in Greek and Latin.
government, by Charles Howard Shinn; “Teaching
PROF. McELROY, of the University of Pennsyl- of the Twelve Apostles,” by Dr. Roswell Hitchcock
vania, has prepared in text-book form the lectures and Professor Francis Brown; " Mediæval Christian-
read before his students during the past eight years, ity.” by Dr. Philip Schaff; and now editions of Dr.
and the work will soon be issued by A. C. Arm Holland's works in fourteen volumes, and of Froude's
strong & Sons, with the title “ The Structure of Becket, in one volume.
66
65


338
[April,
THE DIAL
9
years old!
An important series of historical studies, intended Egypt, Ancient Deities of. L. Dickerman. Andover Reviero.
English Spelling, How to Reform. T. W. Hunt. No. Am. Rev.
for younger readers, is announced by G. P. Put-
Fiction, Recent. Wm. Morton Payne. Dial.
nam's Sons, with the general title “ The Story of the
Fire Insurance. George Iles. Popular Science Monthly.
Florentine Mosaic, A. W. D. Howells. Century.
Nations." The subjects of the different volumes Fly-Fishing. H. P. Wells. Harper's.
will be planned to cover connecting and, as far as
Free Thought in America. Robert Buchanan. No. Am. Review.
Future Life, Recent Books on. Egbert Smyth. Andover Review.
possible, consecutive epochs or periods. Among the Government, Rudimentary. James O. Pierce. Dial,
writers already announced are: Prof. J. A. Harrison Hamerton's Landscape. Horatio N. Powers. Dial.
Handel, George Frederick. J. S. Dwight. Atlantic.
(Greece), Prof. J. R. Hosmer (The Jews), Arthur History, English, A Dictionary of. Herbert B. Adams. Dial,
Gilman (Rome), Prof. H. H. Boyesen (Norway), E.
Jefferson as a Naturalist. Frederic N. Luther. Mag. Am. Hist.
Labor, Claims of. Newman Smyth. Andover Review.
E. Hale (Spain), and Sara 0. Jewett (The Nor Law's Delay, The. T. F. Hargis. North American Revier.
mans). The same firm have also published Theo- Liquor Legislation. G. D. Williams. Popular Science Monthly.
Lower Mississippi, Opening of. D. D. Porter. Century.
dore Roosevelt's “Hunting Trips of a Ranchman”; Madame Mohl. Kathleen O'Meara. Atlantic.
the first volume of the new edition of Hamilton's Nervous System, The. W. R. Benedict. Popular Science Monthly.
New Orleans Before the Capture. G. W. Cable. Century.
Works, edited by Henry Cabot Lodge, to make in New Portfolio, The. 0. W. Holmes. Atlantic.
all nine volumes; and “Man's Birthright, or the
Novel, Moral Purpose of the. C. F. Richardson. Andover Rev.
Organic Cell, The. Chas. Morris. Popular Science Monthly.
Higher Law of Property,” by E. H. G. Clark. Orthodoxy, "Vagueness" of. Andover Review.
Persian Poetry. A. R. Spofford. North American Review.
Tue April number of the “ Magazine of American
Pocahontas Story, The. W. F. Poole. Dial.
History" has an excellent article of twenty pages on
Political Americanisms. C. L. Norton. Mag. Am. History.
Political Economy. J. L. Laughlin. Popular Science Monthly.
“ Ancient Chicago," by Dr. William Barrows, the
Political Economy and the Civil War. J. L. Laughlin. Atlantic.
author of “Oregon: The Struggle for Possession.”
Prince of Wales, The. W. H. Russell. Harper's.
“ Ancient Chicago, and yet," he says, “not fifty
Prison Management. Charles D. Warner, North Am. Review.
Puget Sound to the Up er Columbia. E. V. Smalley. Century.
The title of our paper must seem jocose Religious Value of the Unknowable. Count D'Alviella. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Richmond Portraits. E. L. Didier. Harper's.
to the foreigner. It is well for Layard and Rawlin-
Rio Grande, Along the. Sylvester Baxter. Harper's.
son to write of Ancient Nineveh'; but, with the Schools, Common, Crusade Against. Andover Revier.
Shakespere's Plays, Time in. H. A. Clapp. Atlantic.
antiquary, this Chicago is an affair of last week-
Social Problems in the Pulpit. Prof. Tucker. Andover Review,
the growth of some stray seed from Jonah's gourd.” Sparrow, the. Olive T. Miller. Allantic.
He describes the origin and growth of the city, and
State Legislation, Phases of. Theo. Roosevelt. Century.
Town-Houses, Internal Arrangement of. R. W. Edis. Pop. Sci. Mo.
uses material from the recent “ History of Chicago” Wild-Goose Chase, A. F. D. Millet. Harper's.
Work as an Educating Power. C. H. Parkhurst. Mag. Am. Hist.
Mr. Andreas, which he describes as “ valuable,
elaborate, and must have cost much patient, painful,
and elaborate research.” Dr. Barrows's summary of
the history of Chicago is instructive and entertain-
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
ing.
The American Historical Association, which was
[The following List includes all New Books, American and Foreign,
received during March by MEBSRS. JANSEN, MOCLURG & Co.,
organized at Saratoga in September last, bas issued
Chicago.]
two of its serial monographs, one being a “ Report
TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE-SPORTING.
of the Organization and Proceedings of the Meeting
Boots and Saddles; or, Life in Dakota with General Custer.
at Saratoga,” by the secretary, Prof. H. B. Adams, By Mrs. Elizabeth Custer. Pp. 312. $1.50.
of Baltimore, and tho other an
“ Address on
"One of those rare, exceptional bits of work that, coming from
a full heart and a perfectly sincere mind, far surpass in attract-
Studies in General History and the History of Civil iveness and worth any possibl result of merely intellectual
ization," by President A. D. White, of Cornell Uni-
effort."--Harper's Magazine.
Through Masai Land. A Journey of Exploration among the
versity. These are to be followed by other papers,
Snowclad Volcanic Mountains and Strange Tribes of Eastern
which will make one volume a year. To regular Equatorial Africa. Being the Narrative of the Royal Geo-
graphical Society's Expedition to Mount Kenia and Lake Vic-
annual subscribers the price is $4. Persons are
toria Nyanza, 1883-84. By Jos. Thomson, F.R.G.S. Illus-
elected to the society who are approved by the trated. 8vo, pp. 583. $5.
executive committee. The list of members, who
“So far as novelty is concerned, we have had nothing from
pay Africa to compare with the present volume since the publication
an annual assessment of $3, includes the principal of Mr. Stanley's Through the Dark Continent.'" - London
Times.
historical writers in the country. Three of them, we
The Rescue of Greely. By Commander W. S. Schley, U.S.N.,
notice, are residents of Chicago and contributors to and Prof. J. R. Soley, U.S.n. Illustrations and maps. 8vo,
THE DIAL. The publications of the association
pp. 277. $3.
The authoritative story of the successful search for the lost
promise to be of great interest to historical students.
'Lady Franklin Bay Expedition is now told for the first time by
the commander of the relief party and Professor Soley, the cus-
todian of the official records." - Publisher's Announcement.
Life and Travel in India. Being Recollections of a Jour-
ney Before the Days of Railroads. By Anna H. Leonowens.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
8vo, pp. 325. $2.50.
In the Himalayas, and on the Indian Plains. By C. F. G.
APRIL, 1885.
Cumming. 8vo, pp. 608. Illustrated. London. Net, $3.
African Conference, The. Andover Review.
Fly-Rods and Fly Tackle. Suggestions as to their Manufac-
Agricultural Crisis in England, The. W. E. Bear. No. Am. Rev.
ture and Use. By H. P. Wells. Illustrated. Pp. 364. $2.50.
Apiculture. Allen Pringle. Popular Science Monthly.
BIOGRAPHY-HISTORY.
Aristotle as a Zoologist. F. A. Fernald. Popular Science Monthly.
Army of the Discontented, The. T. V. Powderly. No. Am. Rev.
The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. Together with the
Bach and Handel. Prof. Blodgett. Andover Review.
Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides. By James Boswell.
Bellomont and Rasle in 1699. Dr. C. W. Parsons. Mag. Am, Hist.
Edited by Henry Morley. Illustrated with Portraits by Sir
Bismarck, Chancellor. N. M. Wheeler. Dial.
Joshua Reynolds. 5 vols. Large 8vo. Edition limited to 500
Chemistry of Cookery, The. W. M. Williams. Pop. Sci. Mo,
copies numbered.
Per
Vols. I and II now ready. London.
Chicago Ancient, William Barrows. Mag. Am. History.
vol., net, $3.50.
Chinese Porcelains. R. Riordan. Harper's.
Personal Traits of British Authors. Edited by E. T. Mason.
Cholera. Dr. M. von Pettenkofer. Popular Science Monthly.
Vol. IV (completing the series). -- Hood, Macaulay, Sydney
Colonists at Home, The. Edward Eggleston. Century.
Smith, Jerrold, Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, Thackeray. Pp.
Constitution, Framers of the. Mrs. M. J. Lamb. Mag. Am. Hist. 334. Gilt top. $1.50.
Cooperative Creation. F. H. Johnson, Andover Review.
“ Mr. Mason has rendered great service to the numerous
Cumberland Sound. Dr. Franz Boas. Popular Science Monthly. readers of memoirs of English men of letters." _N. Y. Sun.


1885.]
339
THE DIAL
History of the Negro Race in America, from 1619 to 1880.
Together with a Preliminary Consideration of the Unity of the
Human Family, an Historical Sketch of Africa, and an
Account of the Negro Governments of Sierra Leone and
Libe ia. Popular Edition, two volumes in one. 8vo. Por-
trait. $4.
Lives of the Most Eminent Painters and Sculptors and
Architects. Translated from the Italian of Giorgio Vasari.
Vol. VI. - Commentary containing notes and emendations
from the Italian edition of Milanesi and other sources. By
J. P. Richter, Ph.D. Bohn's Standard Library. Pp. 305.
London, Net, $1.
John Knox. By W. M. Taylor, D.D., LL.D. Pp. 217. Gilt
top. Portrait. $1.25.
"A complete and vivid account of the great Scotch reformer."
- Literary World, London,
Samuel Gobat, Bishop of Jerusalem. His Life and Work.
A Biographical Sketch, drawn chiefly from his own journals.
With a Preface by the Right Hon. The Earl of Shaftesbury.
Pp. 401. $2.
William E. Burton, Actor, Author, and Manager. A Sketch
of his career. With Recollections of his Performances. By
W. L. Keese. Portraits and Illustrations. Pp. 230. Net,
$2.50,
Life of Fortuny. Wi his Works and Correspondence.
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THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
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