LIBRARY UNIVER SITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ THE DIAL <_‘/4 Semi-Montbgi journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. VOLUME Xlll. MAY 1 TO DECEMBER 16, 1892. KRAUS REPRINT CORPORATION New York 1968 Reprinted with the permission of James S. Watson, Jr. and Scofield Thayer. Advertising has been omitted in this reprint edition. The elimination of full-page advertisements accounts for minor gaps in pagination. Printed in U.S.A. INDEX TO VOLUME XIII. AMERICA, A NEW HIsToRY or AMERIUA, THE DISCOVERY OF . AMERICAN PER10DIcALs . . AMERICAN REvoLUTION, FINANcEs or TEE ANTIQUE ART, TIIE EVOLUTION OE . ARGIIITEGTURE IN AMERIUA, RECENT AR'r1sTs AND POETs, A CIROLE OF FAMOUS . BOTANIsT’s JoURNEYINGs, A CANADA, TRE FUTURE or . Cn1cAGO's HIGHER EVOLUTION CHICAGO UNIvERsITY, THE . COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, HIGHER AsrEcTs OF TRE . CONsTI'I'UTION, OUR UNWRITTEN . CRITICAL FAOULTY, TRE EVOLUTION or THE DEcoRATIvE ART, MEANING AND UsE OE . DIAL, THE NEW . . . . DIPI.0MATIsT’s MEMOIRs, A VETERAN . EIGRTEENTII CENTURY CHARACTER, AN ENGLAND’s INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL HIsToRY ENGLIsn AND CANADIAN FIGTION, REGENT ENGLIsII LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE, Booxs ON . ETHICS, Two NOTABLE Booxs ON . . EVOLUTION, TIIE PREsENT BATTLE-GROUND OF . FALL PUBLICATIONS, ANNOUNCEMENTS or . FICTION, REGENT Booxs OF FORTUNATE OLD AUTHOR, A FRANCE UNDER LoUIs PHILIPPE . FREEmAN’s HISTORICAL EssAI's . . . FREEMAN’s UNFINISHED HISTORY or SICILY . FRENCHMAN AND HIE NOTEBOOK AT AN ENGLIsR COURT, A GEOLOGY AND ARC}-UEOLOGY MISTAUGHT GERMAN EXPLORER IN CENTRAL AERIOA, A . GIDDINGs, JOSHUA R. GOSSIP OF THE CENTURY . . GREEK PAPYRI IN EGYPTIAN Tomas HENRY, PATRICK HOLIDAY PUaLIcATI0Ns . JowE'1'r’s DIALOGUES OF PLATO LANDOR . . . LITERATURE 0N T1-IE STAGE MASON, GEORGE, or VIRGINIA McMAsTER's HIsToRY, MORE OF . MICROSCOPE AND BIOLOGY, TIIE . . MODERN MEDI.EvAL1sIvI, THE PRINCIPLES OF PAINE, TOM, THE “TRUE " . . . . PIcTUREs FROM THE PAcIEIc . PLANTATION LIFE, OLD—TIME . “ PLATFORM ” IN ENGLAND, THE . Frederick J. Turner . Rasm-us B. Anderson Henry C. Adams . Sara A. Hubbard . Bryan Lathrop E. G. J. . . . Anna B. ll/lcllfaha-n Charles G. D. Roberts James O. Pierce . Mariarz Zlfead . . Sara A. Hubbard . E. G. J. . . . . C. A. L. Richards . Jeremiah W. Jenks . William Morton Payne . Oliver Farrar Emerson . John Basoom . . . David Starr Jordan . Octave Thanet . E. G. J. . . . . . Charles H. Haskins . F. W. Kelsey . E. G. J. . . . . T. C. Chamberlin E. G. J. . . . Samuel Willard E. G. J. . . . . Edward G. Mrlson W. F. Poole IV. S. Hough . . . MelI1ille B. Anderson. A. C. ]lIcLaugI1lin . Charles H. Haskins . Henry L. Osborn . Ma'rian]IIead. . E.G.J.. . . . William Morton Payne . Alexander C. McClurg . Woodrow Wilson . '15'2, .348, 389 203 7 3 74 136 382 15 385 205 128 263 18 276 212 127 300 97 76 309 106 307 242 195 101 342 178 100 214 271 303 208 138 239 49 41 391 183 71 336 181 13 11 143 132 244 46 213 iv. I N D E X . PoETRY, RECENT Boous or . . . . . . William Morton Payne 51, 185, 344 P0ETs' TRIBUTES T0 A P0ET: Posms To WHITTIER . . . . . . . . . . . 176 PREn1s'r0a1c P1-:0rLEs, MANNEas AND MoNUMENTs or Frederick Starr 387 PR0sE DITHYRAMB BY RENAN: TRANsLAT10N or THE FAMOUS PRAYER AT THE Acaoroms . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 REL1o1oN AND PHILOSOPHY, Sour: RECENT DISCUSSIONS 1N . Williston S. Hough 77 RENAN, ERNEST . . . . . . . . 234 SHELLEY, A CENTURY or . . . . . . . . . . 129 S1mANs, CONVERSATIONS WITH THE . Joseph Jastrow . . . . . 215 TEACHER, A TYPICAL AMERICAN Edward Playfair Anderson 17 TENNYs0N, ALFRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 TENNYsoN AND RENAN: BIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 235 'l‘ENNYs0NIANA: TRiBuTEs IN Paosi-; AND VERsE . . . . 265 'l‘ENNYs0N, RusK1N, AND BROWNING, MEMORIES ow IL‘. (1'.J. . . . 339 Tn0REAu’s SEAs0Ns . . . . . . . . . . . . Louis J. Blork 274 THREEFOLD Loss or AMER1cAN LETTEas: Wu1T'r1ER, PAR- s0Ns. CURT1s . . . 173 UN1vERsrrY ExTENsION, PROBLEMs or . 296 .‘NIvERs1TY or Cm'cAo0, OPENING or THE 206 UNivERs1TY PRESS, THE . . . . . . . 295 WruTT1ER AND SLAVERY _ . . . . . . . . Samuel Willard 175 WurrT1ER, PARs0Ns, AND Cuaris: BIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOG- RAP!-{Y . . . . . . . 175 WORLn‘s CoNcREss AUXILIARY, THE . . 377 Yovzm, Booxs roa THE . 352, 394 COMMUNICATIONS. Emerson’s Obtuseness to Shelley. Anna B. Mc- A Proposed Memoir of the Late Prof. E. A. Free- Mahan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 man. Justin \Vinsor . . . . . . . . 238 University Extension “'01-k in Chicago. W. F. The Ills of Authorship. H. VV. E. . 269 Poole . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Mistakes about Tennyson. Eugene Parsons . . 270 \Vho Reads a Chicago Book ? J. K. . 130 The Decline of Ibsenism. Daniel Kilham Dodge 270 The Vacant “ Easy Chair.” E. W. S. . . . 193 Long-fell0w's First Book. A. J. Bowden . . . 270 Has America a Laureate 7 E. P. Anderson . 194 A Curious Piece of Literary History. H. W. Fay 298 Vl/ho Reads a Chicago Book ? J. M. . . . . 194 A “Time-Long" Copyright . J. K. . . . . 338 The Shelley Memorial Subscription. E. C. Sted- 194 Enquiry regarding Editions of Udall. George man and R. \V. Gilder . . . . . . . . 194 Hempl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 VVho Reads a Chicago Book ? Stanley Waterloo 206 Man and the Glacial Period : A Reply. G. Fred- Western Indifference to lvestern Authors: A ‘ erick \Vright . . . . . . . . . . 380 Reviewe-r’s View. E. J. H. . . . . . . 237 “Like Cerberus, Three Gentlemen at Once.” Sam- Neglected Traits in the Character of a Virginia uel lvillard . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Statesman. William Henry Smith . 238 The Shelley Memorial Subscripton: An Ac- Longfcllow’s First Book. Samuel \Villard 238 knowledgement . . . . . . . . . . 381 CHRQNICLE AND COMMENT. A New Phase of the Rights of Authors . . 131 The Question of Duty upon Re-bound Imported Purchase and Gift of a Great English Library 131 Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Plans for the Tilden Library in New York 131 A Valuable Acquisition of the University of Chi- The Shelley Memorial at Viareggio . 131 cago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Omar Kliayyam . . . . . . . 131 The “ Stamp Plan" for Checking Royalty Frauds 337 Lord Tennyson's Funeral . . . 236 A New Theme for Poets . . . . . . . . 337 The Vacant Laureateship . . . 236 The Dilatoriness of the Columbian Exposition in The Theft of the Columbian Ode . . . . . 236 Providing for an Educational Exhibit . . . 338 The Chicago Univex-sity’s Observatory and Great Defects of the Copyright Law of 1891 . . . . 338 Telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Mr. Stead’s Recent Character Sketch of Ten- The Profits of Publishers 237 nyson . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Our Public Schools . . . . . . . . . . 237 Tennyson and his Publishers . . . . . . . 379 Newspaper Discussions of the Literary Work and Enrollment of Students at the University of Chi- Workers of Chicago . . . . 299 cago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 The Syndicate of Associated Authors 299 The Close of Luther’: Famous Address at Worms 379 I N D E X . v. Death of Shelley. Whittier. James Vila Blake . . . . . . Ballad of Books Unborn. Francis F. Browne W. R. Perkins BRIE!-‘B on Naw BOOKS . Bnnzrna MENTION LITERARY N01‘!-:s AND News . TOPICS IN LEADING Pnruomcans Lis-rs or New Booxs POETRY. 130 The Silent Singer. Hattie Tyng Griswold . 231 173 The Scarlet Letter. William Morton Payne . 263 207 “Ej Blot til Lyst." William Morton Payne . 335 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. Abbott, Charles C. Recent Rambles . . . ’ . Adams, Oscar Fay. Story of Jane Austen’s Life Adams, Oscar Fay. The Presumption of Sex Adler, Felix. Moral Instruction of Children . Aitken, George A. The Life and Works of John Arbuthnot . . . . . . . . . . . . Alger, Horatio, Jr. Digging for Gold . . . Allen, James Lane. Blue-Grass Region of Ken- tucky............. Allen, Willis Boyd. Gulf and Glacier . . . . Applegarth, A. C. The Quakers in Pennsylvania Appleton’s Evolution Series . . . . . . . Armies of To-Day . . . . . . Arnold, Sir Edwin. Potiphar’s Wife A. R. G. Gleams and Echoes . A. R. G. Night Etchings . . . . . Atkinson, Canon. Scenes in Fairyland Austen, Jane, Novels of . . . . . BabyJohn . . . . . . . . . . Ball, Sir Robert S. In Starry Realms Barbour, L. G. The End of Time . . Barrie, J. M. An Edinburgh Eleven . . . . Barrie, J. M. Auld Licht Idylls . . . . ‘. Barrie, J. M. The Little Minister, “ Kirriemuir” Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . Bascom, John. The New Theology Bates, Arlo. Told in the Gate . . . . Bates, Clara Doty. From Heart’s Content Besant, livalter. Dorothy Vallis Besant, Walter. London . . . Besant, lvalter. The Ivory Gate . . . . . Bigelow, Poultney. Paddles and Politics Down theDanube . . . . . . . . . . . Birrell, Augustine. Res Judicatze . . . . . Black, J. W. Maryland’s Attitude in the Strug- gle for Canada . . . . . . . . . . Blnntschli, Prof. The Theory of the State . . Bolton, Sarah K. Famous Types of Womanhood Bosanqnet, Bernard. A History of 1Esthetic Bouvet, Marguerite. Prince Tip-Top . . . Bowne, Borden P. The Principles of Ethics . Boyelen, H. H. Boyhood in Norway . 20, 56, 82, 146, 190, 216, 246, 279, 311, 356, 397 150, 192, 219, 249, 281, 313, 339 151, 192, 220, 250, 282, 314, 357, 400 . . . . . . . 24, 60, 86, 156, 221, 283 24, 60, 86, 111, 157, 197, 221, 251, 284, 315, 358, 401 279 Boyesen, H. H. Essays on German Literature . 20 342 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. Poems . 352 57 Bucheim, C. H. Faust, Part I. . . . . . 150 356 Burnett, Frances H. Giovanni and the Other . 353 Butler, Arthur J. The Hell of Dante Alighieri 56 97 Butterworth, Hezekiah. The Boyhood of Lincoln 395 355 Butterworth, Hezekiah. Little Arthur's History ofRome............395 192 Butterworth, Hezekiah. Zigzag Journeys on the 355 Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . 396 250 Caird, Edward. Philosophy and Literature . . 146 249 Caldwell, G. C. Elements of Chemical Analysis 314 392 Calmire..............101 52 Calverly, C. S. Theocritus Translated into En- 393 glish Verse . . . . . . . . . . . 56 400 Carlyle, Thomas. The History of Literature . 21 397 Carpenter, William B. The Microscope and its 342 Revelations . . . . . . . . . . . 11 356 Carryl, Charles E. The Admiral’s Caravan . 397 191 Carter, Franklin. Mark Hopkins . . . 17 400 Case, Mary E. The Love of the World . . . 281 150 Cassell’s Children’s Library . . . . 353, 397 219 Castlemon, Harry. Marcy the Refugee . 355 Cathcart, George R. Literary Reader 150 394 Cavazza, Elizabeth. Don F inimondone 103 77 Chambers's Encyclopzedia, Vol. IX. . . . . 150 189 Champney, Elizabeth VV. Three Vassar Girls in 346 the Holy Land . . . . . . . . . . 396 309 Cheney, John Vance. The Golden Guess . . 108 312 Chesterfield, Lord, Letters of, Lippincott Edition 394 310 Child, Theodore. The Desire of Beauty 281 Child, Theodore. The‘ Praise of Paris 392 216 Choate, Isaac B. Wells of English . . . . 22 83 Church, A. J. Pictures from Roman Life and St0ry.............395 219 Church Club Essays . . . . . .' . 149 192 Clarke, William. Walt Whitman . . . . . 150‘ 219 Clerke, Agnes M. Familiar Studies in Homer . 147 276 Clifl’ord, Mrs. \V. K. Aunt Anne . . . . . 310 353 Cofiin, C. C. Life of Abraham Lincoln . . . 395 307 Cole, T., and W. J. Stillman. Old Italian Masters 348 355 Coloinb, Madame C. Hermine’i Triumphs 396 W INDEX. Columbus, “ First Letter” of . . . . . . . Constantinides, Michael, and H. T. Rogers. Neo- hellenica............ Conway, Moncure D. The Life of Thomas Paine Cook, A. M. Shorter Latin Course . . Cook, A. S. The Bible and English Prose Sty Coolidge, Susan. Rhymes and Ballads for Girls andBoys............ Cochran, Alice. The Poets’ Corner . . . Corson, Hiram. A Primer of English Verse . Cox, Maria M. Jack Brereton's Three Months’ Service............. Crane, Walter. The Claims of Decorative Art . Crump, C. G. Landor’s Imaginary Conversations Curtis, George W. Prue and I, Holiday Edition Dallas, Susan. Diary of George Mifflin . . Dall, Caroline H. Barbara Fritchie . . . . Davidson, Thomas. Aristotle and Ancient Edu- cational Ideals . . . . . . . . Davis, Rebecca Harding. Kent Hampden . . Davis, Richard Harding. Van Bibber and Others Davis, Richard Harding. The VVest from a Car- Window............ Dawes, Anna L. The Life of Charles Sumner . Days with Sir Roger De Coverley, illustrated by Hugh Thomson . . . . . . . . . . Dear........... Deems, Charles F. My Septuagint Deighton, K. Shakespeare’:-i Plays . Deland, Margaret. Story of a Child De la Ramé, Louisa. Bimbi . . . _355 312 246 132 250 248 397 350 106 355 212 71 350 216 398 83 103 280 150 393 356 400 23 396 354 Dickens's Novels. Macmillan’s D011.“ Edition '24'9, 399 Dickens, Mary A. Cross Currents . . . . . Dobson, Austin. Eighteenth Century Vignettes . Dorr, Julia C. R. The Fallow Field Dongall, L. Beggars All . . . . . . . . Doyle, A. Conan. Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Doyle, A. Conan. The Doings of Raffles Haw . Early Bibles of_America . . . . . . . Edwards, Amella B. Pharaohs, Fellahs, etc. Edwards, M. Betham. France of To-day . . Ellis, Edward S. From the Throttle to the Pres- ident's Chair . . . . . . . . . . . Ellis, Edward S. On the Trail of the Moose . Ellwood, J. K. Table Book and Test Problems Englishman in Paris, An . . . . . . . . Evans, Edward W. VValter Savage Laudor . Elmslie, Theodora. His Life’s Magnet Fabbri, Cora. Lyrics . . . . . . . . Farrar, C. A. J. Through the Wilds . . . . Farrer, James A. Books Condemned to be Burnt Fearing, L. Blanche. In the City by the Lake . Fisher, Prof. The Colonial Era . . . . . . Fisl-re, John. The Discovery of America . . . Flagg, Jared B. Life and Letters of Washington Allston............. Foot, Mrs. The Rovings of a Restless Boy . Fowler, VV. Warde. Julius Caesar . . . . Fox, Norman. Life of Thomas Rambant Francis, J. G. A Book of Cheerful Cats . . . Francis, L. H. The Boys of Mirthfield Academy Freeman, Edward A. Historical Essays . . . Freeman, Edward A. History of Sicily, Vol. 3 French, Harry W. Through Arctics and Tropics Froude, J. A. Spanish Story of the Armada . Fuller, Henry B. The Chevalier of Pensieri-Vani Garland, Hamlin. A Member of the Third House Garner, R. L. The Speech of Monkeys 219 351 393 310 311 219 312 23 217 355 355 .250 1 78 23 21 9 53 354 58 53 147 9 Garnett, Richard. Peacock's Novels . 104, 105, Gentlemau’s Magazine Library . . . . . . George, A. J. Wordsworth's Prefaces Gerard, Dorothea. Etelka’s Vow Glave, E. J. In Savage Africa . . . . . Goddard, Julia. Fairy Tales in Other Lands Good, Arthur. Magical Experiments . . . Gourme, George L. Ethnology and Folklore . Gordon, F. P. Land of the Almighty Dollar Gordon, Julien. Marionettes . . . . . . G-osse, Edmund. Gossip in a Library . Gossip of the Century . . . . . . Goss, Warren Lee. Tom Clifton . . . . . Grant, Robert. Reflections of a Married Man . Great Streets of the Worltl . . . . . . Greene, Homer. The River-Park Rebellion . . Green, Mrs. Short History of the English Peo- ple, new illustrated edition . . . . . . Griffis, W. E. Japan in History, Folklore, and Art Hadow, W. H. Studies in Modern Music . . Hale, George \V. Police and Prison Cyclopzedia. . Hall, John Leslie. Beowulf . . . . Harland, Marian. Common-Sense in the House- hold............ Harris, Joel Chandler. On the Plantation . . Harrison, Frederic. New Calendar of Great"Men Harte, Bret. Colonel Starbottle’s Client . . . Hawthorne’s Wonder Book, illustrated by Crane Hazlitt, IV. C. The Livery Companies of London Hazlitt, William. Lectures on English Poetry . Henty, G. A. Condemned as a Nihilist Henty, G. A. In Greek \Vaters . . . Henley, W. E. The Song of the Sword . Henry, William \Virt. Patrick Henry . Herrick, Christine T. The Little Dinner Herron, George D. A Plea for the Gospel . Holder, Charles F. Along the Florida Reef . . Holmes, Oliver \V. Dorothy Q. and Other Poems Hibbard, George A. The Governor . . Higginson, Thomas W. Concerning All of U . Hogg, Jas. Uucollected lvvritings of De Quincey Hoppin, James M. The Early Renaissance . Horton, George. Songs of the Lowly . . Hosken, J. D. Phaon and Sappho, and Nimrod . Howells, VV. D. A Letter of Introduction Howells, VV. D. A Little Swiss Sojourn . . . Howells, VV. D. The Quality of Mercy . . . Hughes, Thomas. Loyola and the Jesuit Educa- tional System . . . . . . . . . . . Humphrey, Maud. Calendars . ; . . . . Hunting, Miss J. D. Rocquain’s The Revolution- ary Spirit Preceding the French Revolution . Huse, Harriet P. Roland's Squires . . . . Hutchison, G. A. Boys’ Own Book of Out-Door Ga.mes............. Hutton, Laurence. Letters of Charles Dickens to Wilkie Collins . . . . . . . . . Hutton, Laurence. Literary Landmarks of Lou- don............ Huxley, Thomas. Controverted Questions . . Irving, \Vashington. Conquest of Granada, “Aga- pida" Edition. . . . . . . . . . . Jackson, D. W. Drainage of Chicago . Jacobs, Joseph. Indian Fairy Tales James, Bushrod W. Alaskans. . . James, George F. University Extension . . . James, Henry. Daisy Miller, Holiday Edition . Jefferson, Samuel. Columbus . . . 248 249 31 1 219 396 353 397 149 190 102 22 239 395 148 351 355 392 395 397 218 107 400 46 84 103 353 151 106 394 395 186 41 400 282 395 349 103 23 84 21 1 88 186 150 281 102 84 352 85 352 * 355 21 391 355 148 149 397 354 100 21 4 396 1 10 103 102 215 110 190 351 250 352 400 219 350 400 I N D E X . v1I. Jephson, Henry. The Platform . . . . 213 Meredith, Owen. Marah . . . . . . . . 52 Jerome, Irene E. Sun Prints in Sky Tints . . 350 Meriwether, Lee. Afoot and Ashore on the Med- Jessopp, Augustus. The Coming of the Friars . 249 iterraneau . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Jewett, John H. The Bunny Stories . 397 Meserole, A. Selections from the Spectator . 85 Johnson, Amy. Sunshine . . . . . . . . 151 Miller, J. R. The Every Day of Life . 313 Johnson, Clifton. The New England Country . 393 Millett, F. D. A Capillary Crime . . . . . 103 Johnson, E. G. Best Letters of Charles Lamb . 23 Millett, F. D. The Danube from the Black For- Johnson, Francis Howe. What Is Reality? . . 79 est to the Black Sea . . . . . . . . 248 Johnson, R. M. Mr. F ortuer’s Marital Claims . 219 Milman, Helen. Uncle Bill’s Children . 354 Johnson, Rossiter. The End of a Rainbow . 354 Miuto, W. William Bell Scott . . . . 382 Johnson, Virginia W. Genoa the Superb . . 350 Mivart, St. George. Essays a|Id Criticism 143 Jowett, B. The Dialogues of Plato . . . . 183 Molesworth, Mrs. Robin Redbreast . . 353 Julian, George W. Life of Joshua R. Giddings 138 Molesworth, Mrs. The Next Door House . . 354 Junker, Wilhelm. Travels in Africa . . . . 208 Molloy, J. F. Life and Adventures of Peg Jusserand, J. J. A French Ambassador at the Vlloffington . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Court of Charles Il. . . . . . . . . 271 Monroe, Harriet. Valeria . . . . . 346 Kaplan, A. O. The Magic Laugh . . . . . 351 Montgomery, W. Tales of Ancient Troy . . 395 Kipling, Rudyard. Ballads and Barrack-Room Morley, Henry. English Writers, Vol. VIII. 84 Ballads . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Morris, Charles. Tales from the Dramatists 393 Kipling, Rudyard, and Wolcott Balestier. The Morris, E. J. Prayer-Meeting Theology . . 400 Naulahka . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Morris, Harrison S. Tales from Ten Poets . 393 King, Henry T. The Idealist . . . 57 Morris, William. Poems by the Way . . . 51 Keene, H. G. The Literature of Franc . 58 Moulton, Louise Chandler. Swallow Flights 189 Knowles, Canon. To England and Back . . . 357 Miiller, F. Max. Anthropological Religion 79 Knox, T. W. Boy Travellers in Central Europe 396 Munroe, Kirk. Canoemates . . . . . . 355 La Brete, Jean. Mon Oncle et Mon Cure 352 Nadaillac, Marquis do. Prehistoric Peoples . . 387 Lanciani, Rodolphe. Pagan and Christian Rome 393 Nelson, Anson and Fanny. Memorials of Sara Lang, Andrew. The Green Fairy Book 352 Childress Polk . . . . . . . . . . 357 Lang, Andrew. Helen of Troy . . 188 N esbit, E. Lays and Legends . . 187 Lang, Andrew. The Library. . . . . . . 398 Nichol, John. Thomas Carlyle . . . . . . 191 Imig, Andrew. Selected Poems of Robert Burns 55 Nichol, Prof., and W. S. McCormick. Manual Lathrnp, George Parsons. Dreams and Days . 189 of English Composition . . . . . . . 60 Layard, G. S. Life and Letters of Charles Keene 247 North, Marianne. Recollections of a Happy Life 15 Leaf, \Valter. A Companion to the Iliad . . . 246 Norton, Charles E. The Divine Comedy of LeConte,Jos. Evolution and Religious Thought 81 Dante Alighieri . . . . . . . 56, 190, 399 Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography, Ober, Fred A. Knockabout Club in Search of Vol. XXXII . . . . . . . . . . 399 Treasure . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Lee, Vernon. Vanitas . . . . . . . . . 310 Oberholzer, Sara L. Souvenirs of Occasions 400 Leighton, Robert. The Thirsty Sword . . . 395 Oliphant, Mrs. The Makers of Venice 392 Lewis, Abram H. Paganism Surviving in ChI'is- Optic, Oliver. Fighting for the Right . 355 tiauity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 “Oxford ” Shakespeare . . . . . . 400 Lewis, Eleanor. Famous Pets of Famous People 349 Page, Thomas Nelson. Marse Chan . . . . 352 Lockwood, Ingersoll. Baron Trump's Marvellous Page, Thomas Nelson. The Old South . . . 108 Underground Journey . . . . . . . . 397 Palgrave, R. H. I. Dictionary of Political Econ- Loftus, Lord Augustus. Diplomatic Remiuiscences 300 omy, Part III. . . . . . . . . . . 192 Longfellow, H. W. Hyperion, Holiday Edition 350 Paton, Story of John G . . . . 396 Lorne, Marquis of. Life of Viscount Palmerston 59 Pattison, Mark. Isaac Casaubon . . . . . 151 Liiders, Charles H. The Dead Nymph . . . 53 Parker, George F. The Life of Grover Cleveland 281 Lummis, C. F. Strange Corners of Our Conn y 395 Parker, George F. \Vritings and Speeches of Lyall, Edna. The Autobiography of R Slander . 352 Grover Cleveland . . . . . . . . . 192 Machar, Agnes M. Roland Graeme, Knight . 310 Parker, Theodore. Lessons from the World of Mackay, Eric. Love Letters of a Violinist 188 Matter and of Man . . . . . . . . . 191 Mackay of Uganda, Story of the Life of . 396 Parker, Theodore. \Vest Roxbury Sermons . . 59 Magazine of Art . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Parkman, Francis. The Oregon Trail . . . . 349 Mahaffy, John P. The Fliuders-Petrie Papyri . 49 Parloa, Maria. Original Appledore Cook-Book 400 Markham, Clements R. History of Peru . 218 Payne, E. J. History of the New VVorld . . . 389 Marsh, Itlarie More. Vic . . . . . . . . 396 Pennell, Jos. and Elizabeth R. Play in Provence 281 Mather, J. M. Studies of 19th Century Poets . 107 Pennell, Joseph. The Jew at Home . . . . 109 Matthews, Brander. Americanisms and Briti- Perrot, Georges, and Chas. Chippiez. Art in cisms . . . . . . . . . 313 Phriggia,etc. . . . . . . . . . . 74 Matthews, Brander. Tom Paulding . . . . 354 Perrot,Georges, and Chas. Chippiez. Art in Persia. 74 McMahon, Anna B. The Study Class . . . . 106 Perkins, William R. Eleusis and Lesser Poems 347 McMaster, J ohu Bach. History of the People of Perry, Nora. A Rosebud Garden of Girls 355 the United States . . . . . . . . . 13 Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. A Lost Winter . . 350 Meade, Mrs. L. T. A Ring of Rubies 356 Pike, W. Barren Ground of Northern Canada . 399 Meade, Mrs. L. T. Four on an Island 356 Pollock, Sir F. Leading Cases Done into English 187 Melville, Herman. Omoo . . . 245 Porter, Rose. A Gift of Love . . . . . . 352 Melville, Herman. Typee 245 Powers, Horatio N. Lyrics of the Hudson . 53 Vlll. eel INDEX. Prevost, Sir G. Autobiography of Isaac Williams Price, Julius M. From the Arctic Ocean to the Yellow Sea . . . . . . . . . . . Putnam, M. Louise. Children’:-2 Life of Abraham Lincoln. . . . . . . . . . . . . Putnam's Literary Gems . . . . . . . . Ramsey, Samuel. The English Language and Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . Ramsey, Sir James H. Lancaster and York Rawnsley, Hnrdwicke D. Notes for the Nile Ray, Anna C. In Blue Creek Cation . . . Ray, Anna C. The Cadets of Fleming Hall . . Raymond, Evelyn. Monica, the Mesa Maiden . Rensselaer, Mrs. S. Van. English Cathedrals Repplier, Agnes. Essays in Miniature . . . Revell, William F. Browning's Criticism of Life Richards, Laura E. Hildegarde’s Home . . . Ridpath, John Clark. History of the United States (Columbian Edition) . . . . . . . . Ritchie, Anne T. Records of Tennyson, Ruskin, and Browning . . . . . . . . . . Robinson, Charles. The Kansas Conflict . . . Roberts, Morley. The Reputation of George Saxon . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rogers, Thorold. Industrial and Commercial His- tory of England . . . . . . . Roundabout Books . . . . . . . . . . Rowland, Kate M. The Life of George Mason . Royce, Josiah. The Spirit of Modern Philosophy Roy, John. Helen Treveryan . . . . . . Saint-Amand, M. Famous Women of the French Court . . . . . . . . . . . 281, Saintsbury, George. Life of the Earl of Derby Saintsbury, George. Political Pamphlets . Political Verse Saintsbnry, George. . . . . Saintsbury, George. Seventeenth Century Lyrics Salter, William M. First Steps in Philosophy . Saltus, F. S. Dreams after Sunset . . .' . Saltus, F. S. Flasks and Flagons . . . . Sanborn, Edwin W. People at Pisgah . . Savage-Armstrong, G. F. One in the Infinite . Schuyler, Montgomery. American Architecture Scollard, Clinton. Under Summer Skies . . Seelye, Elizabeth E. The Story of Columbus Selected Photogravures . . . . . . Selections from Isaac Penington . . . . . . Sendall, Sir Walter. Literary Remains of C. S. Calverly............ Shackford, Charles C. Social and Literary Papers Sharp, William. Flower 0’ the Vine, etc. . . Sidney, Margaret. Five Little Peppers Grown Up Silsby, Mary R. Tributes to Shakespeare Slater, J. H. Book-Collecting . . . . . Smith, Emily James. Selections from Lucian Smith, F. Hopkinson. A Day at Laguerre's . Smith, Goldwin. A Trip to England . . . . Smith, Goldwin. Canada and the Canadian Ques- tion.............. Smith, Mary P. W. More Good Times . . Smyth, Newman. Christian Ethics . . . . . Snedeker; Florence W. A Family Canoe Trip . Southwick, Albert P. Wisps of Wit and Wisdom Souvestre, Emile. An Attic Philosopher . . . Spaulding, Susan Marr. The \Vings of Icarus . Spencer, Herbert. Principles of Ethics, Vol. I. Spencer, Herbert. Social Statics, Abridged and Revised........... Stabbing, William. Sir Walter Ralegh 111 82 395 394 107 218 312 355 355 356 349 313 150 356 249 339 150 311 76 396 181 82 310 313 .1 10 58 55 188 21 7 54 54 219 52 136 394 395 350 352 55 149 187 355 55 218 56 ' Tautphuaus, Baroness. Selected Poems of Whitman The Stedman, Arthur. Stevenson, R. L., and Lloyd Osborne. Wreckers......... Stevenson, R. L. Across the Plains . . . Stevenson, R. L. A Footnote to History . . Stockton, Frank R. The Clocks of Rondaine Stoddard, Charles O. Spanish Cities . . . Stoddard, Charles ‘Var-ren. South Sea Idylls Stoddard, W. O. The Battle of New York . Stokes‘ Aquarelle Calendar . . . . . . . Stories from English History for Young Ameri- cans...-.-.......... Strickland, Agnes. The Queens of England Sumner, William G. The Financier and Finances of the American Revolution . . . . . Swinburne, Algernon C. The Sisters . . . Symonds, J. A. Eife in the Swiss Highlands The Initials . . . . Taylor, Mrs. Bayard. Letters to a Young House- keeper............. Tennyson, Lord. The Death of (Enone Tennyson, Lord. The Foresters . Thompson, Maurice. Poems . Thomas, Calvin. Faust Thomson's Seasons . . . . Thoreau, Henry D. Autumn . . . . . . Tiedemsn, Christopher G. Unwritten Constitu- tion of the United States . . . Toland, M. B. M. Atlina . . . . . . Torrey, Bradford. The Foot-Path Way . Traill, H. D. The Marquis of Salisbury . . Trent, William P. William Gilmore Simms . Trowbridge, J. T. Fortunes of Toby Trafiord . Tyndall, John. Fragments of Science . . Tyndall, John. New Fragments . . Universal Common-Sense Cookery Book . . . Vickers, Robert H. Martyrdoms of Literature . Ware, William. Zenobia, Holiday Edition . . Warner, C‘. D. In the Levant, Holiday Edition . Watson, \V. Adventures of a Blockade Runner . Watson, William. Poems . . . . . . . Washington, Beatrice. Story of Juliette . . Weber, Alice. An Affair of Honor . . . Weismann, August. Essays upon Heredity . Whitman, Walt. Autobiographia . . . . Whittier, John Greenleaf. At Sundown . Wiggin, Kate Douglas. Children’s Rights . . Wilcox, Ella Wheeler. Beautiful Land of Nod . Wilder, Mrs. C. F. Polly Button’s New Year . Wilkins, Mary E. The Pot of Gold Wilkins, Mary E. Young Lucretia . . . Williams, Martha M. Field-Farings . . . . Williams, True. Frank Fairweather's Fortunes Wilson, Olivia L. At the Sign of the White Swan Wiltse, Sarah E. The Story in Early Education Vvinter, William. Old Shrines and Ivy . Winter, William. Shakespeare’s England Wister, Owen. The Dragon of Wantley . Wood, John S. Gramercy Park . . . . Woods, Margaret L. Esther Vanhomrigh W0rdsworth’s Poems, Crowell Edition . . . Wright, G. F. Man and the Glacial Period . . VVright, T. F. The Human and its Relation to r 55 104 83 21 7 354 247 244 395 352 111 350 73 1 85 148 250 400 344 51 54 280 350 274 18 394 279 59 109 355 281 59 400 58 394 394 280 52 356 242 249 346 399 397 356 352 219 280 396 355 357 192 22 150 385 355 307 219 111 352 190 1 91 20 82 theDivine. . . . . . . . . . Wright, William A. The Cambridge Shakes- peare, Vols. VII. and VIII. . . . . 151, Yonge, Charlotte M. -The Cross Roads . . Zola, Emile. The Downfall . 85 397 219 309 349 303 400 399 356 105 THE DIAL VoL. XIII. MAY, 1892. N0. 145. COXTEN TS- THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. Rasmus Ii. An- derson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 THE MICROSCOPE AND BIOLOGY. Henry L. Osborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 MORE OF McMASTER’S HISTORY. Charles H. Haskins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 A BOTANIST’S JOURNEYINGS. Anna B. McMahon 15 A TYPICAL AMERICAN TEACHER. Edward Play- fair Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 OUR. UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTION. James O. Pierce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . . . . . . . 20 Boyesen’s F4says on German Literatlu-e.—~ Spencer’s Social Statics, Abridged and Revised.—Hoppin's The Early Renaissance, and Other Essays.—Carlyle’s His- tory of Literature.—Hutton’s The Letters of Charles Dickens to Wlilkie Collius.— Hopkinson Smith’a A Day at Laguen-e‘s, and Other Days.—Gosse’s Gossip in a Library.-— Choate’s Wells of English.— Evans’s Walter Savage Landor, a Critical Study.— Higgin- son’s Concerning All of Us.—Johnson’s The Best Letters of Charles Lamb.—-Miss Edwaz-ds’s Pharaohs, F ellaha, and Explorers. — Deighton’s The Plays of Shakespeare. TOPICS IN MAY PERIODICALS . . . . . . . 24 BOOKSOFTHEMONTH. . . . . . . . . . 2-1 THE ])lS(,'()\'ERY or Al\IERIC.\.* In course of time we shall doubtless get from the pen of John Fiske a complete history of America, or, at all events, of the United States. “ The Discovery of America” forms the be- ginning of such a work, and is, as his publish- ers indicate, the most important single portion yet written by him. The author has already published two volumes on the American Revo- lution, one on the Beginnings of New England, and one on the Critical Period of American History. Thus at least six volumes of a com- plete and consecutive American history are al- ready in print. The work when finished will, we think, outrank in merit and interest every other American history yet published. “ The Discovery of America” is an intensely interesting work, and gives the results of a vast ‘Tm: DISCOVERY or AMERICA. With some account of Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest. By John Fiske. In two volumes. Boston: Houghton, Mifllin & Co. amount of research. As has been well said of Professor Fiske, “ he is the master of a cap- tivating style and an expert in historical phil- osophy,” and nowhere has he given more evi- dence of this mastership than in the volumes now before us. The work embraces a somewhat exhaustive survey of aboriginal America, and embodies the results of the researches of Morgan, Pow- ell, Bandelier, and many other eminent schol- ars. Professor Fiske writes wholly from orig- inal sources of information. While he freely quotes modern scholars either in the text or in notes, he has invariably taken pains to verify everything from original sources. His mod- eration is most charming, and forms in his reader the habit of looking for the truth within the extremes. This feature is particularly con- spicuous in his treatment of the character of Columbus. ‘While he fearlessly discards all the absurdities of Roselly dc Lorgues and oth- crs who have tried to make a saint of Colum- bus, he enters an energetic protest against Justin Winsor, who treats Columbus as a fee- ble, mean-spirited driveller, unworthy of any respect. Professor Fiske thinks it probable that the people whom the Spaniards found in America came by migration from the Old World, but he believes that North America has been con- tinuously inhabited by human beings during the past 300,000 years, and rejects all proba- bility of any immigration within so short a period as five or six thousand years. This practically makes him look upon the aborig- inal American, with his language and legends, his physical and mental peculiarities, his social observances and costumes, as a native and not an imported article. He says the aborigines belong to the American continent as strictly as its opossums and armadillos, its maize and its golden-rod, or any members of its aborig- inal fauna and flora belong to it. He further- more holds that all the aborigines south of the Eskimo region, all the way from Hudson’s Bay to Cape Horn, belong to one and the same race. Both the opening chapter and parts of the second volume contain graphic descriptions of ancient Mexico and Central America. In treating of pre-Columbian voyages, Pro- fessor Fiske merely mentions the claims of the Chinese, the Irish, the Welsh, etc., and does 10 THE DIAL [May, not find them worthy of any serious discussion. He says: “There is no good reason why any of them may not have done what is claimed, but at the same time the proof that any one of them did do it is very far from satisfactory. Moreover, the questions raised are often of small importance, and belong not so much to the serious workshop of history as to its limbo pre- pared for learned trifles, whither we will hereby rele- gate them.” But when he comes to the voyages of the Norsemen in the tenth and eleventh centuries, it is quite a different afliair. To these he de- votes more than one hundred pages, and also frequently alludes to them in his chapters on Columbus. The Norse voyages have never be- fore received so elaborate, impartial, and schol- arly treatment, in any history of America. It is most gratifying to see that justice is at length being done to those hardy navigators of the North, who crossed the Atlantic and found America in the tenth century. Professor Fiske has gone over the whole field, and has studied the Icelandic sagas most thoroughly, and he finds that in dealing with the subject of the Norse discoveries he “ stands for a great part of the time upon firm historic ground.” Here, as elsewhere, the author is not dogmatical. He gently brushes away many of the extravagant claims made by enthusiasts in this field of re- search, and makes a clear and concise state- ment of all that is absolutely beyond dispute. Extreme views have been taken on the one side by Professor Rafn of Denmark and Pro- fessor Horsford in this country, and on the other side by Justin Winsor and by Professor Storm of Norway. Professor Fiske easily finds the truth between these extremes. His argu- ments against Professor Storm will be sus- tained, and we think he might with advantage have exposed more of that scholar’s blunders. Professor Fiske puts Vinland with confidence somewhere between Point Judith and Cape Breton, and is inclined to say that it was some- where between Cape Cod and Cape Ann. Fiske takes great pains to show that Colum- bus owed nothing to the N orsemen. He is hon- est in his convictions, and states his reasons very freely. We cannot agree with him, but at the same time we refrain from entering into a discussion of this point once more in these columns. At another time and in another place we shall re-state our views on this subject and examine Fiske’s objections in detail and more fully than would be desirable or possible in this notice. The chapters on the medizeval trade between Europe and Asia and its partial stoppage by the Turks, and the attempts made by the Portuguese and by Columbus to find an out- side route to the Indies eastward and west- ward, are full of interest and contain many new and original views. Fiske has profited by the recent researches made by Harrisse and others in regard to Columbus, but he does not follow them in a slavish manner. The reader will find in this work a full ac- count of the discoveries of the Cabots and of Vespucius, of the conquests of Mexico and Peru, of the society and government of the Incas, of the deeds of the Spaniards in the VVest In- dies, and of the career of Las Cases. The last chapter describes the explorations of North America by De Soto and Coronado; the Hu- guenots in Florida; the marches of Cham- plain, La Salle, La Verendrye, Lewis and Clark, in the interior of America; the discov- ery of the strait separating Asia from America by Vitus Bering in 1728, his account of the explorations of this Danish discoverer being based mainly on Lauridsen’s work translated into English by Professor Julius E. Olson in 1889. Thus the author pursues this import- ant subject of explorations until the whole of the American continent was discovered. Hawthorne spoke of American history as merely the scene of “commonplace prosperity," and Lowell says that the details of our early annals are “ essentially dry and unpoetic.” VVhile both Hawthorne and Lowell wrote much to refute these charges themselves, Professor Fiske has invested his work with all the fresh and absorbing interest of a first-class novel. His narrative is picturesque in the highest de- gree. The work abounds in pleasant digressions and in side lights borrowed from the histo- ries of all countries and all ages. Thus, in dis- cussing the aborigines of America, he gives us glimpses of savages and barbarians in other countries, instituting instructive comparisons. He also twice makes allusions to the lively discussion now going on in regard to the cra- dle of the Aryan race. He seems hospita- bly disposed to the new views presented by Latham, Rydberg, Penka, and Schrader, and says that it is eminently probable that the cen- tre of diffusion of Aryan speech was much nearer to Lithuania than to any part of Cen- tral Asia,—that is, he favors the shores of the Baltic as the original home of our Aryan an- cestry. No other man in America is more competent than Professor Fiske to investigate 1892.] THE DIAL 11 --...--.. , --. 0 this subject, and we venture to suggest that he should seize upon his first leisure and give us a volume on the Aryan question. W'e want a volume from him giving us the result of his study of Latham, Penka, Rendal, Schrader, and Rydberg, with his own researches into this interesting field. “ The Discovery of America ” contains a fine portrait of the author, a large number of old maps, several modern maps, and facsim- iles and other illustrations of great help to the reader. No scholar can afford to neglect this work, which constitutes one of the most im- portant contributions ever made to the histori- cal literature of our country. RAsML's B. Annnnson. THE Mlcnoscore AND BIOLOG\'.* Everybody is surprised the first time he enters the immense world of little things that lies just beyond the range of ordinary vision —a world of variety of shape and form and color for the curious, of symmetry and won- derful finish and adaptation of parts to uses for the deeper student, whether he be utilita- rian in his motives, or purely philosophical. When in early days the navigators of the globe had sailed hither and yon, and discov- ered the great continental boundaries, they were followed by scores of explorers who scru- tinized every darkest cranny, some in greed of material gain which they often secured, others in desire of pure knowledge; and these were always rewarded. So the early students of na- ture discovered continents of knowledge, and hosts of later followers are exploring their dark- est depths in hope of gain or love of truth. Perhaps the first who used a microscope in this search was Galileo. On this point there is some dispute; but the first one whose dis- coveries by means of that instrument were considerable enough to notably enlarge the sum of knowledge was Anton Leeuwenhoeck, a Hollander. In 1673 he began sending to the Royal Society of Great Britain, then in its infancy, accounts of the numerous surprising discoveries he made with an instrument of the crudest simplicity, it being merely a glass bead set in a brass plate, through which he viewed specimens carried on a needle mounted in a ‘Tan Mrcnoscorn AND I-rs REVELATIONS. By the late Willialn B. Carpenter, C.B. Seventh edition, with text re- constructed by the Rev. W. H. Dallinger, LL.D. Philadel- phia: P. Blakiston, Son & Co. post fixed to the opposite side. His instrument was in effect much like the little “ watch- charms” which surprise us by a view of St. Peter’s at Rome or the full text of the Declar- ation of Independence. With this simple little instrument this man of immense industry showed that popular dictum was in error when it declared that fresh-water mussels were made from mud, for he discovered that they grow from eggs, and, perhaps for the first time, watched the now familiar phenomena of their development. He first proved that fleas de- velop, not from “ heaps of moist dust,” but from eggs; he saw the scales of a butterfly’s wing, the claws of the spider’s foot and her spinnerets, also the insect’s compound eye, and hundreds of other facts now perfectly familiar and commonplace. With the use of the microscope and the needs of improvement a constant development has taken place, and microscopic construction has been pushed forward from the single lens magnifying only a few diameters, to the mod- ern instrument magnifying ten thousand diam- eters and improved in every part. It is little wonder, in view of the technical excellence required by the needs of modern research, that technique in the microscope has suffered at times from the danger which besets technique in all art, of becoming an end in itself; and that in consequence a department of pseudo “ microscopy ” has sprung up. The unscientific microscopist, companion of the coleopterist whom Holmes satirizes for his interest in mere collecting, is a man who adds continually to his treasures of specimen or appliance, but uses none for the purpose of quizzing Nature; he sees only what others tell him, and limits his ambition by the ownership of a homogeneous immersion objective and a fine collection of mounted slides. He cannot find you a speci- men of amoeba, or demonstrate its nucleus after you have found it for him. Yet technique is of the most fundamental importance to mod- ern biological research. Not so many years ago the biological problems were largely what one may call “ tissue problems”; the shapes of cells were studied as components of tissues, but the phenomena within the cells were not studied or thought of. To-day all the biolog- ical problems are of the cells. Biology has at last become thoroughly informed by the idea that the cells are not only the units of struc- ture but also the units of function, and that it is all-important that the condition of life and growth, action and death, of these individuals 12 THE DIAL [May- shall be thoroughly understood. So new is this department of biological study that the young science of cytology, or the biology of the cell, is not separately represented in as modern a work as the “ Encyclopzedia Britannica,” which includes separate and very valuable ar- ticles on histology, or tissue science, and path- ology, or tissue disease. Investigations of cells, however, require the utmost attention to tech- nique,—in fact, to every detail of using the microscope and preparing the object. The revision of that standard work, “ Car- penter on the Microscope,” is, on the technical side, brought thoroughly down to date. The first half of the book (459 pages) presents a very exhaustive and most valuable treatise upon every aspect of technique, optical princi- ples, theory of vision and the compound micro- scope, history of the instrument, various mod- ern models, measuring and drawing, devices and sundry accessory apparatus, including the life-slide, for cultivating living micro-organ- isms where they can be kept under continuous observation, and the preparation of objects for observation by a great variety of methods, in- cluding many of the most modern. This part of the book is so clear and detailed that any interested and patient student can acquire from it the necessary principles of microscopic manipulation in all departments better than from any other single work we know of. In this portion of the work the optical and me- chanical side have received more attention than histological technique, or the preparation of the object for examination. The preservation of biological material is so large a department of technique to-day, and so many individual methods exist, that only in special works on the subject can it be fully elucidated; but the subject deserves more space than it has re- ceived, even at the expense of curtailing some- what the description of the instrument. A place should have been given for the formulas of various preparation fluids, many of which the working microscopist must learn to make for himself as the need of them arises. It is only just, however, to say that the care and preparation of the object has received very detailed and considerable attention, and that enough methods have been given for the ma- jority of readers, while the specialists who use the work will not be likely to go to it for such purposes. The second half of the book is devoted to an account of the revelations of the micro- scope. This is a volume in itself, thoroughly and finely illustrated. In it the plant and then the animal kingdoms are reviewed by typical forms, representing principal groups, beginning at the simpler and advancing through the sim- pler multicellular to the highest organisms in both kingdoms. The microscopic plants and animals receive most attention, and are de- scribed in detail, together with their life histo- ries, and with numerous references to import- ant and generally accessible monographs in which the subject can be more fully investi- gated if desired. The myriad forms of pond life, both plant and animal, are many of them described and figured, and abundant sugges- tions for collection are given, together with many biological details. Here the microscop- ist who has found some curiosity of life—may- hap a chain of emerald beads, with one, two, or three large ones in the centre—can learn that it is ]Vost0c, an alga akin to Spirogyra, the beautiful long green filamentous plant so com- mon in running water, and can further learn details about its mode of life; or he sees an elongate creature swimming about with a pair of small-sized Whirlpools at one end, and he can readily find among the pictures a rotifer enough like his specimen to assist his identifi- cation, and then by search he can find out a- great deal about his specimen,—and this every microscopist is anxious to do. The higher or- ganic forms, both plant and animal, are treated histologically rather than cytologically, so that the modern biological standpoint is not fully attained, though it is constantly bordered upon. In the opening paragraphs of Chapter XXII., on the Vertebrata, the importance of proto- plasmic units, the cells, as the real agents, is dilated upon, and foot-note references to the general literature of the subject are given ; but the writer goes on to say that as the work is not designed “for the professional student in histology, but to supply scientific informa- tion to the ordinary microscopist,” no attempt is made “to do more than describe the most important of those distinctive characters which the principal tissues present.” This is to be regretted, for the ordinary microscopist is not only interested in seeing the significance of tissue structure as an outcome or result of cell- life, but is inspired for further researches by having a motive for study supplied him,— for this problem of the meaning of structure is sure to add real interest, and is perfectly appre- hensible. The admirable manner in which the general anatomy of the minuter animals and histology of the larger ones has been set forth 1892.] THE DIAL 13 does accomplish the aim of the editor and his co-workers, and the “ ordinary microscopist ” can find in it the help he needs for his re- searches; and yet we must regret that in ad- dition the scientific standpoint of to-day was not constantly expounded. We have written as if the microscope were the tool of biologists solely. Until of late it was very largely so, but within a few years its -use has opened a new and most important field of study in geological science. The new sci- ence of petrography, also born since the last edition of the “ Encyclopaadia Britannica,” re- -ceives a very brief but valuable notice in Chap- ter XXIII. It has been found possible to sec- tionize specimens of rocks, study their struc- ture, and, by the appearances of the component minerals, to read much of the previous history of the mass,—a feat impossible before the ap- plication of this method. The opinion is daily gaining ground that some of the schistose rocks are not metamorphosed sediments, but true igneous rocks which have been altered by pressure into schists. The optical methods now in use enable the petrolog-ist to determine the constituents of rock-masses with astonish- ing success, and the microscope is employed in the study of fossil botany and zoology with valuable results. The departments of chem- ical crystallization and polarization do not re- ceive notable attention in the work, for the reason that they do not interest the ordinary microscopist. The number of those who use the micro- scope as a toy rather than a tool—that is, as amateurs rather than professionally —is very large, both in this country and in England; and there is a large sphere of usefulness for this revision of a popular work now in its -seventh edition. It can be used safely, for it is as accurate as any work in so new a science as biology can be, and contains a vast amount of useful and stimulating matter. But its sphere -of usefulness is by no means confined to the class to whom its editors so modestly recom- mend it, for students of biology can hardly find a more generally useful and handy book, both for its valuable table and for its technical matter, for its very numerous anatomic and his- tological figures, many from the best and most .recent writers, and for its very numerous bib- liographical references. All the details of the bookmaker’s art have received the most scru- pulous attention, and a very comfortable vol- -ume is the result. HENRY L. Osaonn. Mom: or l\ICl�AS'I‘ER’S HISTORY.* Nine years ago Professor McMaster began the publication of his “ History of the People of the United States.” “Much,” he announced, “ must be written of wars, conspiracies, and rebellions; of presidents, of congresses, of em- bassies, of treaties, of the ambition of political leaders in the senate-house, and of the rise of great parties in the nation." Yet his chief theme should be the history of the people: their dress, occupations, and amusements; the changes in their manners and morals; the im- provements in their economic and social con- dition. The third volume of this notable work has now appeared, covering the years from 1803 to 1812. VVhile not so conspicuously important as the preceding twenty years, the period is still significant. In the purchase of Louisiana, Jefferson and his party abandoned their prin- ciples of strict construction. They strained, if they did not violate, the Constitution, and made the Union, in the late Alexander John- ston’s phrase, “ a fixed fact.” Then came the Embargo and its arbitrary enforcement, until by 1808 the political somersault seemed com- plete. Democrats now stood where the Fed- eralists had stood ten years before, while Fed- eralists adopted the language of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions and openly advo- cated a dissolution of the Union. Placed be- tween the combatants in the great European struggle, attacked by English orders in coun- cil and French decrees, yet determined to re- main neutral and “ conquer without war,” the United States drifted from embargo into non- intercourse and from non-intercourse into war. These, with Burr’s conspiracy and the war with the Barbary powers, are probably the most obvious features of the period; yet they form but a part of its real history. The pur- chase of a vast empire beyond the Mississippi, and the extinguishment of Indian titles in the Northwest and the region south of the Ohio, opened a new territory to settlement. West- ward emigration increased rapidly. Up the Mohawk valley toward the Great Lakes, over the mountains, down the Ohio, went the streams of population, settling western New York and Pennsylvania, southern Ohio and Indiana, overflowing Kentucky and Tennessee, and reaching northern Georgia and Alabama. ‘A Hisronv or rm; Psoru; or rm: Um'rs.1> Srnrss, from the Revolution to the Civil War. By John Bach Mc- Master, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. In five volumes. Volume III. New York: D. Appleton & C0. 14 THE DIAL [May, “ From this rush of people into the new country came economic consequences of a most serious nature. The rapidity of the movement and the vastness of the area covered made it impossible for the States to do many of the things they ought to have done for the welfare of their new citizens. The heaviest taxes that could have been laid would not have sufficed to cut out half the roads, or build half the bridges, or clear half the streams necessary for easy communication between the new villages, and for the successful prosecution of trade and commerce.” Along the coast, capital was drawn to inter- nal improvements, but on the outbreak of the ' European war turned quickly to shipping. “ But the movement of the people westward not only went on, but went on with increasing rapidity. The high price of wheat, of corn, of flour, due to the de- mand for exportation, sent thousands into the Genesee country and the borders of Lake Champlain to farm, and from them came back the cry for better means of transportation. The people of the shipping towns were quite as eager to get the produce as the farmers were to send it, and with the opening of the century the old rage for road-making, river improvements, and canals revived. The States were still utterly unable to meet the demand, and one by one were forced to follow the policy begun by Pennsylvania in 1791 and spend their money on roads and bridges in _the sparsely settled counties, and, by liberal charters and grants of tolls, encourage the people of the populous counties to make such improvements for themselves.” In every part of the country were sought “ better means of communication, shorter chan- nels of inland trade, and less costly ways of transportation.” Gallatin prepared his famous report on internal improvements. Congress founded the coast survey and began the Cum- berland Road. “After twenty years of cold indifference, the people found use for the steamboat.” The number of banks in- creased. Manufactures began to thrive, stim- ulated by the exclusion of foreign goo'ds and the necessity of supplying the home market. Political ideas changed, too. Democracy spread rapidly. Property qualifications were abol- ished, religious tests were removed, life tenure of judges and the use of common law in the courts were attacked. A body of young Re- publicans arose, bent on war with England and “ willing to face debt and probable bank- ruptcy on the chance of creating a nation, cou- quering Canada, and carrying the American flag to Mobile and Key West.” Debate was checked in Congress by the introduction of the previous question. Henry Clay transformed the Speaker from a presiding ofiieer into the leader of the House. The account of such economic and social movements is the most distinctive part of the third volume of Professor i\IcMaster’s work. Newspapers, pamphlets, and statute-books have been explored, and the mass of material thus collected has been presented in a manner which shows clearly its relation to later events, and particularly to the “ American system ” of Henry Clay. Professor McMaster is an avowed protectionist, and is sometimes led into extreme statements. Thus: “ The protective system of the United State." began on the fourth day of July, 1789, when W'ashington signed the first of our many tariff acts. The day was well chosen, for that act was a second declaration of in- dependence. It was a formal statement that hence- forth domestic mamlfacturcs were to be encouraged in the United States, that henceforth we were to be in- dustrially independent, and that the goods, wares, and merchandise of foreign nations should come into our ports on such terms as best suited our interests. . . . “ The framing of the Constitution of the United States was the direct and immediate consequence of the ruin of every kind of trade, commerce, and industry that followed the close of the Revolution. Nothing did so much to break down the old confederation as its in- ability to regulate trade and encourage manufactures. It is not surprising, therefore, that the moment Con- gress met under the Constitution urgent calls were made for the immediate exercise of the ample powers that had been given it.” This is strong doctrine, and we doubt whether many qualified scholars would main- tain that the Confederation failed in any con- siderable degree for lack of power to encour- age manufactures. It is easy to exaggerate the demand for a protective policy before the war of 1812; American manufactures were largely the creation of the Embargo, and owed, as hlr. Henry Adams says, “ more to J efierson and Virginians, who disliked them, than to Northern statesmen, who merely encouraged them after they were established.” The other parts of the volume do not call for extended comment. The political and dip- lomatic history of the period is told in a pleas- ant and interesting style, which preserves its distinct flavor of Macaulay, with somewhat less of the flaring contrasts and forced transi- tions that mar the earlier volumes. Charac- terizations of men or events we rarely find, ex- cept so far as these are implied in the selection and grouping of material. To discover the author’s opinion of J eflierson, we must combine widely scattered comments. Thus, we are told of his scientific tastes, of his “sluggish na- ture ” at last “ roused to feeble action," of his “ manly courage,” of his proneness to intrigue, of his devotion to popularity ; his idealism, perhaps his most significant characteristic, is not mentioned. Perhaps Professor McMaster shrank from attempting the portrait of a man 12592.] THE DIAL 15 whom even Mr. Henry Adams’s sure hand found a bundle of contradictions. Where a judgment is ventured, it is not always fortu- nate, and sometimes suggests the tone of the contemporary pamphlet. Thus, Governor VVin- throp Sargent is represented as “ holding the Federal doctrine that none but New England- ers were fit to be free ” ; General \Vilkinson’s three volumes of memoirs are “ as false as any yet written by man”; “ no act so arbitrary, so illegal, so infamous,” as the removal of Judge Pickering, “had yet been done by the Senate of the United States.” Another ex- ample of hasty conclusions may be found in the account of the Georgia land cession of 1802, where the author says: “The three Commissioners for the United States were, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Attorney-General. They were nom- inated on the last day of December, 1799. They fell, therefore, under Jefl:'erson’s rule, that all appointments made after the result of the election was known should be treated as null. But he chose to find another reason for getting rid of them. They were Heads of Depart- ments, and, construing the action of Adams to mean that the Commissioners should be chosen from the Heads of Departments, he removed them and nomi- nated his own Secretaries and Attorney-General in their stead.” Neither of these explanations of Jefferson’s conduct is in accordance with the facts. The third commissioner appointed by Adams was not the Attorney-General, but Samuel Sit- greaves of Pennsylvania. The nominations made December 31, 1799, were not made after the result of the presidential election was known, for the election did not take place un- til 1800. Taken as a whole, the third volume is an improvement on the first and second, although it shares with them a certain deficiency in his- torical perspective, implying the lack of a well thought out and clearly defined plan. Even the introductory announcement is at times dis- regarded. More space than was promised is given, and rightly, to “presidents, congresses, embassies, and treaties,” and even more is said of “wars, conspiracies, and rebellions.” Thirty-five pages are devoted to a detailed ac- count of Burr’s conspiracy, and this in a his- tory which dismisses the formation of the Con- stitution in less than half this space. It is diflicult to see on what principle this can be defended; one can hardly keep down the sus- picion that the picturesqueness of the subject has something to do with the extended treat- ment it receives. Such disproportion is the more to be regretted since matters of so much importance as the schism in the Democratic party are omitted entirely or given but brief mention. The neglect of political institutions is particularly noticeable. Something more is needed than outlines of acts of Congress or summaries of political pamphlets and debates. Social and economic facts can be properly un- derstood only when we have a “ bony frame- work” of institutions to fit them to, and no history of a people can be adequate which does not furnish such an institutional framework. CHARLES H. HASKINS. A BOTANIST’S JOURNEYINGS-* The title of the recently published autobiog- raphy of Marianne North, “ Recollections of a Happy Life,” is hardly indicative of the real character of the book. In fa/ct, it is a work of the same nature as Charles Darwin’s “ Naturalist’s Voyage Round the \Vorld," and, though of lesser interest and importance, has nevertheless considerable significance as a contribution to science and to knowledge of foreign lands. Miss North’s chief interest in life was flower- hunting, her ambition being to examine and paint on the spot specimens of the flora of every country of the world. The accomplishment of this purpose led her through many and long wanderings. One of the results is the magnificent collection of bot- anical paintings made and presented by her to the Kew Gardens, together with the building in which they are housed ; another is this diary of adventures on her sketching tours, which embraced Jamaica, South America, Japan, India, Borneo, Australia, Seychelles Islands, Africa, and many other localities. A “ happy" life truly, since any successful achievement of a life purpose is a great happiness ; yet surely it demanded an unusual gift for seeing the bright side of things, to carry one through these long and toilsome journeys, often in poisonous climates, with bad food, perils by land and sea, by fire and flood, and enduring hardships which few women travelling absolutely alone would have dared to face. One of Miss North’s friends speaks of her faculty of finding pearls in every ugly oyster; a driver in California left her with the parting recommendation that “she was one of the right sort; she neither cared for bears nor yet for Injuns.” Warned 'Rncor.Lec'rioxs or A Harry Lire: Being the Autobi- ography of Marianne North. Edited by her sister. Mrs. John Addington Symonds. In two volumes. New York: Mae- millsn & Co. 16 THE DIAL [May, of difficulties and dangers at nearly every step of the way, she always persevered, almost al- ways finding the difficulties vanish as she ap- proached the spot. It was after she had already travelled extensively, and had made arrange- ments for transferring her collection to Kew, that she met Charles Darwin for the first time. In her eyes, as in the eyes of many, he was the greatest man living, and she was much flattered at his wish to see her. When he told her that he.thought she ought not to attempt any rep- resentation of the vegetation of the world until she had seen and painted that of Australia, because of its unlikeness to any other, she de- termined to take it as a royal command and to go at once. On the way thither, she took occasion to make another visit at Borneo. On her first visit, she had found pitcher-plants growing wild and winding themselves amongst the trop- ical brackcn of the untouched forest. The pic- tures of it which she had carried home had led ‘ to sending out a traveller for the seeds from which plants had been raised in England, Sir Joseph Hooker naming the species 1\'e[1cntlzcs lV0rtlu'unu. At a state dinner with which she was honored on her present return to Borneo, the whole centre of the table was covered with pitcher-plants enough to make the fortune‘ of an English nurseryman, but which were little appreciated in their native country. But more memorable than this dinner festivity was an- other day in Borneo, which is so favorable an illustration of the manner in which the unex- pected constantly happened to our traveller that an account of it shall be given in her own words: “ One morning I picked a huge branch of the petraea meaning to spend the day in painting it, though it was ‘ so common there, when I came on a lovely spray of white orchid and picked it grudgingly to paint, then suddenly found that every tree was loaded with the same, and the boathouse roof looked as if there had been a sudden snowstorm. The air was scented with it, so I got more, and when I reached the house found the drawing-room full of it. They called it the Turong Bird, and said it came out spontaneously into bloom three times in the year, and only lasted a day, and that I must be quick and draw it, for I should find none the next day. It was true; the next day the lovely flowers were hanging like rags. “VVhen I went to finish another sketch, I was as- tounded at the sight of a huge lily, with white face and pink stalks and backs, resting its heavy head on the ground. It grew from a single-stemmed plant, with grand curved leaves above the flower, and was called there the Brookiaua lily, but Kew magnates call it Crinum augualum ; its head was two feet across, and I had to take a smaller specimen to paint, in order to get it into my half-sheet of paper life-size. It was scented like vanilla. Another crinum has since been called l\'orthiana, after myself. It has a magnificent flower, growing almost in the water, each plant becom- ing an island at high tide, with beautiful reflections under it, and its perfect white petals enriched by the bright pink stamens which hang over them.” The Australian tour was an inexhaustible series of delights. At one point, she found twenty-five different species of wild-flowers in ten minutes, close to the house where she was stopping, and painted them. In Western Aus- tralia were flowers sueh as she had never seen nor dreamed of before, the whole country being a natural flower-garden, where she could wan- der for miles and miles among the bushes and never meet a soul. Most of the flowers were very small and delicate; it was impossible to paint half of them, and the only difficulty was to choose. The Australian journey ended, a year was spent in fitting and framing and patching and sorting the pictures, the building at Kew hav- ing been completed during her absence. It was opened to the public June 7, 1882. It might naturally be expected that a woman who was fifty years old, somewhat deaf, and not a little broken in health, would now be content to stay at home, enjoying the fruit of her own labors and intercourse with persons of similar tastes. But there was still one conti- nent - Africa — without representation in her gallery, and she resolved to begin painting there without loss of time. Two months after the opening of the gallery she was on her way to South Africa, and soon hard at work again in the ways she loved best. Here, as in Aus- tralia, she was overwhelmed by the extraordi- nary novelty and variety of the different spe- cies ; it seemed impossible to paint fast enough in a land where the hills were covered with low bushes, heaths, sundews, geraniums, lobelias, salvias, babanias and other bulbs, daisies grow- ing into trees, purple broom, polygalas, trit0- mas, and crimson velvet hyobanche. \Vith only brief periods of rest at home, two i more long voyages followed,—one to Seychelles Islands, and another to Western South Amer- ica. Just before starting on the last one, a great pleasure came to her in a letter from the Queen expressing her appreciation of Miss N orth’s benefaction to the English nation, and regretting her inability to make a public rec- ognition of it (by knighthood or otherwise). Such an interesting personality as this ener- getic and scholarly woman could not fail to attract to herself other interesting personali- ties. There are pleasant pictures of her ac- 1892.] THE DIAL 17 quaintance with Sir Joseph Hooker, Charles Darwin, Professor Owen, Asa Gray and his wife, Miss Gordon Cumming, besides many distinguished foreigners and English officials abroad, who were ever ready to serve her in all her plans. The book is edited by Mrs. John Addington Symonds, the sister of Miss North; but, ex- cept the last half-dozen pages, scarcely any- thing has been added by the editor’s hand. The “ Recollections ” end with the year 1886, when from the rural home she had made for herself at Alderley she writes: “ I have found the exact place I wished for, and al- ready my garden is becoming famous among those who love plants; and I hope it may serve to keep my en- emies, the so-called ‘nerves,’ quiet for the few years which are left me to live. The recollections of my happy life will also be a help to my old age. N0 life is so charming as a country one in England, and no flowers are sweeter or more lovely than the primroses, cows- lips, bluebells, and violets, which grow in abundance all round me here.” Four years later, at the age of sixty, she died, these last years having been shadowed by painful illness. But into her life had al- ready been compressed work sufficient for the lives of four ordinary women. A natural stately presence, a simple yet dignified manner, helped her in facing all sorts and conditions of men ; she inspired respect everywhere, and found everywhere persons eager and glad to help her. She travelled, not to pass the time, but because she ‘had a self-appointed task, and she would not allow herself to rest until she had accom- plished it. Her memory is perpetuated through the names of five different plants, four of which were first figured and introduced by her to Eu- ropean notice. The ZVepent/zes ]V0rthiana, the large ‘pitcher-plant of Borneo, appears as a cover esign on these handsome and thoroughly attractive volumes. ANNA B. MCMAHAN. A TYPIC.-\L A. r:m(:A\' TEA(;l{ER.* Mark Hopkins, whilom President of Will- iams College,—so well known as President Garfield’s ideal instructor,— has appropriately found a biographer in Franklin Carter, now President of Williams College, and a classifi- cation among our “American Religious Lead- ers.” President Hopkins was a reverent and devout soul, and an inspirer of reverence and devoutness,in others ; he was a teacher of mor- "Mam: HOPKINS. By Franklin Carter. I“American“Rell- gious Leaders." Boston : Houghton, Mifllin & Co. als and Christian evidences ; he was the author of several text7books, composed chiefly of lec- tures prepared for his classes in these subjects ; he was an earnest and uplifting preacher of chapel discourses and of solemn baccalaureate sermons; he was president for many years of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ; he was a cheerful Christian theologian, defining faith to be “ confidence in a personal being,” dwelling but lightly upon mau’s original sin and total depravity, regard- ing the incarnation as an expression of God’s thought of the value of man, the atonement as the wonderful divine way of purifying those whom God could not let go, and election, not as the arbitrary choosing of “worms to be sons,” but the acceptance by God of a being made in his image, on the ground of trust in the divine Son, and the foreknowledge that certain persons would exercise that trust. “ A peculiar beauty and sweetness is in the farewell words to the class of 1872, the last of thirty-six classes graduated under Dr. Hopkins’s presidency :_‘ And now, my beloved friends, the time has come when, in some respects, that which has been is to be no longer. Not only is the peculiar and most pleasant relation which has existed between us the past year to cease, but also the relation which I have so long held to this college. During the thirty-six years of that relation I have failed but twice, once‘ from sickness and once from absence, to address each successive class as I now address you. Hereafter other classes will come, an- other voice will address them, the circular movement will go on, but you and I pass into the onward move- ment, you to your work, and I to what remains to me of mine. Behind us is that past, fired forever, which God will require. Before us--what ? Definitely I know not ; but I do know that there is One above us whom we may safely trust. I do know that “God is love." VVhatever else I hold on to, or give up, I will hold on to that. That I will not give up. To the God of love, therefore, who has hitherto been so much bet- ter to me than my fears, do I commit myself; to the God of love do I commend you, every one of you, praying that in all your pilgrimage He will bless you and keep you ; that “ He will make his face shine upon you, and be gracious unto you; that He will lift up his counte- nance upon you, and give you peace.” ' ” Though most of Dr. Hopkins’s published writings (a list of ninety of which is given at the end of the book under review) are either sermons or lectures upon moral or religious questions, yet it is not as a religious leader, but as an educator, as president of \Villiams Col- lege, that he is destined to be best known and longest remembered. His moral, religious, and philosophical views were not in any sense epoch-making or in advance of his times,— perhaps in some respects hardly up with his times. Just as he aimed to make of Williams College an eminently safe and sound and 18 THE DIAL [May, wholesome place for the traditional “ liberal education” of young men, so he aimed to make of himself an eminently safe and sound and wholesome instructor, whose views should be only liberal enough to prevent them from be- coming unattractive or repellant to young minds. It might be interesting to trace in the development of his own character and views an evidence of that evolutionary adapta- tion to environment and to the task to be per- formed, and of that survival of the fittest, which he rejected and repudiated as Darwinian doctrines. The amount of strictly biographical matter in Mr. Carter’s book is but small. Indeed, the work should hardly be called a biography, for it is rather a series of detached lectures upon different phases and aspects of the char- acter and activity of Dr. Hopkins. The meager stock of information and anecdote touching his earlier years is to be explained, partly, as suggested, by the fact that, since he lived to old age (eighty-five years), most of the friends of his youth died before him, and partly by the fact that there was nothing so extraordin- ary about his early doings and sayings as to make them memorable. Later on in life he is treated, not continuously as the man, but successively as the professor, administrator, teacher, author, preacher, friend, theologian. Two events in his life are deemed of sufficient importance to call for treatment each in sepa- rate chapters. These events are the rebellion of the students at Williams College in 1868 against the grading system, and the action of the American Board touching candidates who believed in a probation after death. In the first of these crises Dr. Hopkins was found upon the conservative side, and yet appeared more liberal than his colleagues; in the secs ond, he was found upon the liberal side, and yet appeared as conservative as any. It is as the teacher and as the friend that Dr. Hopkins appears in the most charming and enviable light. He gave himself gener- ously to his work, perhaps sacrificing even more than he should of his own personal de- velopment in his devotion to the task of devel- oping more immature minds. \Ve are told how, in the early days of a presidency which he held for thirty-six years, he assumed, in order the better to teach anatomy in a. college which had no money to buy apparatus, the re- sponsibility of buying a six-hundred-dollar manikin and of paying for it by itinerant lec- turing and by showing his man. “ It was in December when the president started out with his manikin carefully packed in the box to go to his native town, Stockbridge, and there to lecture to secure money wherewith to pay for his apparatus. It was good sleighing, but the box so filled up the sleigh that the lecturer had to ride with his feet hanging out- side of the vehicle. It was not a digmified or comfort- able position for a college president, who was to drive thirty miles on a cold day, but at this distance of time there is something impressive in the picture. That lonely ride, with its stern purpose, is the expression of the solitude and earnestness that marked his career as a college president. It is an epitome of many years of patient self-denying devotion to the institution to which he had given his life, and to depart from which flattering calls to positions of comparative ease did not seem to tempt him. It appears that the lectures were successful so far as the satisfaction of the audi- ence was concerned, but how much threatened still to come out of the President's salary, at that time about 851,100, to pay for the manikin, does not appear.” Abundant testimony is given to prove that his tact, his kindliness, his reverence for relig- ion, produced a lasting effect upon the young minds entrusted to his care. He bestowed on his pupils a friendly personal interest that was unflagging, and is now rewarded by a grateful personal loyalty that is undying. Perhaps no one deserves better than Mark Hopkins to be held up to the world as the typical American teacher of the nineteenth century, and in clos- ing a review of his life no citation could be more fitting than one given by Mr. Carter be- fore the chapter headed “ The Teacher,” and taken from Cardinal Newman’s “ St. Philip in his School”: “ Love is his bond, he knows no other fetter, Asks not our all, but takes whate‘er we spare him, Willing to draw us on from good to better, As we can bear him. “ When he comes near to touch us and to bless us, Prayer is so sweet that hours are but a. minute ; Mirth is so pure, though freely it possess us, Sin is not in it. “ Thus he conducts by holy paths and pleasant Innocent souls, and sinful souls forgiven, Toward the bright palace where our God is present. Throned in high heaven.” EDWARD PL.-n'r.ua Axnrznsox. OUR UN\VRlTTEN' CONSTITUTIOX.* It is a much-mooted question, among jurists and constitutional students, whether we have, in this land of written constitutions, any addi- tions thereto in the character of unwritten con- stitution. Professor C. G. Tiedeman has taken * Tun Uxwmrrnn Coxsrrrnrron or THE UNITED STATES : A Philosophical Inquiry into the Fundamentals of American Constitutional Law. By Christopher G. Tiedeman, A.M. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 1892.] THE DIAL 19 the affirmative of this question, and his latest treatise, “ The Unwritten Constitution of the United States,” is a thesis in support of his position. There is a fundamental difference between the British and the American type of consti- tution, outside of the feature that one is un- written and the other written. The unwritten constitution of Great Britain is a flexible ag- gregation of rules and principles, changeable by Parliament from time to time, according to the popular will as contemporaneously ascer- tained. These rules and principles are said to be fundamental, but they are not fundamental in the American sense. As Professor Tiedeman states,— “There is no binding force in the prohibitions of llagna Charta, except so far as they are now voiced by public sentiment; if an act of Parliament should be passed in accordance with some great public demand, the fact that it violated these principles would not pre- vent its enforcement by the courts.” These remarks will apply to all the princi- ples of the English Constitution. “any of them are administered by the courts while they remain in force. They have not, however, the characteristics of fundamental law in the American sense. The principles of the Amer- ican Constitution may be built upon to a larger extent. The term “fundamental” must be differently understood in examining the two systems; and hence the idea of a “ constitu- tion ” is not the same in both. It is for this reason that Great Britain has no such body of constitutional law as that which forms so important a- part of American jurisprudence. Professor Tiedeman’s thesis seems to have been written to illustrate an American “ un- written constitution ” in the British sense of the term,—that “ unwritten constitution whose flexible rules reflect all the changes in public opinion.” It is true, he expects to find that “ unwritten constitution ” in “ the decisions of the courts and acts of the legislature which are published and enacted in the enforcement of the written constitution,”—a development, as it were, out of the latter. But what he there finds, he characterizes as “constantly changing with the demands of the popular will,” and thus he imputes to it the same characteristics as those of the unwritten constitution of Great Britain. It is a question worthy of serious consideration, whether any rules or princi- ples, however well established to present ap- pearance, can be considered a part of our con- stitution, unless they have been so adopted and made fundamental as to be enforceable in the courts. The constitution in the American sense is fundamental in this respect; its every rule and principle is so enforceable, because our system makes it a legal rule. Can any practice or usage, not so enforceable, be re- garded as any part of an American constitu- tion, written or unwritten? The illustrative instances of supposed un- written constitution collected by Professor Tiedeman are presented without reference to this distinction. Among them are the change in the practical working of the electoral col- lege, and the general public sentiment against a third presidential term. These, however, are usages, not laws. They correspond to what Professor Dicey calls, under the English sys- tem, “ the conventionalities of the constitution,” as distinguished from the law of the constitu- tion. The test-question is: Does either of these usages establish or confer a right which the judicial department of the government will undertake to protect? The essayist argues that the practice of selecting presidential elec- tors by a strict party vote is “the real, living, constitutional rule,” and that “ the popular limitation upon the re-eligibility of the presi- dent can be taken as a constitutional limita- tion,” found in the “ unwritten constitution.” So to argue is to lose sight of the basic rule that every constitutional right in America is under the protection of the judiciary. In the chapter on Natural Rights, there is a hint at the disposition of the courts to condemn legis- lation which interferes with the natural rights of individuals, even when such rights are not within the specific protection of the written constitution ; but no instances of such condem- nation are noted. In respect to citizenship, sovereignty, and secession, certain variations in the judicial decisions are pointed out, which seem to be attributable to a diversity of views on unsettled questions of interpretation and construction, rather than to any changes in the national will. What the essayist supposes to be “ a decided shifting of the position” of the Supreme Court in reference to the constitu- tional inhibition of legislation impairing the obligation of contracts, is presented by him as a “change in the constitutional rule”; but this supposed change of judicial view many constitutional lawyers declare to be wholly im- aginary. Two rules of American fundamental law are cited in this essay, which are enforced by the courts upon the basis of constitutional rules, and are thus entitled to be considered 2° THE DIAL [Man as constitutional in the strict American sense, but which are not established in terms in the written constitution. These are, the rule that the courts have jurisdiction to declare a law constitutional which is in conflict with the written constitution, and the rule that in time of war the military power of the government becomes supreme of necessity. Beyond these, the “unwritten constitution” elucidated in this work is of the British rather than the Amer- ma“ type‘ James O. P11-mos. Bnusrs ox NE\V Booxs. THE volume of “ Essays on German Literature ” (Scribner), by Professor H. H. Boyesen, comprises six papers on Goethe, one on Schiller, two on the Ger- man novel. three on the German Romantic School, and one on “Carmen Sylva.” Several of these are in almost the best style of the literary essay. In addition to his ripe and accurate German scholar- ship,— a point in which he yields to no other for- eign critic of German literature,— Professor Boye- sen brings to his task an ability to express himself clearly in terse idiomatic English, with a sense for the finer shadings and values of words, and an ab- stention from the stock jargon and verbal pseudo- profundities of critical exposition, that may well put to the blush many who are, in respect of the language, “to the manner born.” The best chap- ters, perhaps. are those devoted to Goethe, the Zeus of the author’s literary Pantheon; and here the En- glish Goethestudent-— a “white blackbird,” the Professor thinks — may profitably amend his aver- age estimate of the poet derived from the jealous appraisals of Matthew Arnold and Edmond Scherer, the sounding periods of the hero-worshipping Car- lyle, and the gushing futilities of Mr. G. H. Lewes, by reckoning in the warmly sympathetic though generally discriminating summary of Professor Boyesen. Mr. Arnold’s famous essay our author regards as “the most notable English estimate of Goethe,” though he is plainly a little impatient at the comparatively niggard dole of praise weighed out upon the apothecary’s scales of that cautious critic. With the frigid M. Scherer (whom he styles “ a malignant, disgruntled Frenchman ”) Pro- fessor Boyesen is plainly exasperated; and we con- fess he seems to us to treat the Gallic contemner of \Verther’s blue coat and yellow breeches, the un- sparing wielder of the critical cold-water douche, unfairly in attributing his strictures on the German poet to his hatred of the German race. M. Scherer has, after all, accorded Goethe a measure of generous -—and for him warm—praise; and his general tone toward this “one of the exceeding great among the sons of men," as he terms the poet, does not strike us as on the whole more carping than that in his es- says on Milton and on Wordsworth. Upon several points Professor Boyesen is at odds with Mr. Ar- nold and M. Scherer. Mr. Arnold, we remember, was of opinion that Part I. of “Faust" is “the only one that counts ”; and the candid Frenchman styled its continuation (if Part II. is fairly to be considered as such) a “mere mass of symbols, hie- roglyphics. and even mystifications.” Professor Boyesen, on the other hand, holds that Part II. “contains the quintessence of its author's philos- ophy of life, the summary of his worldly wisdom ”: that it is “organically coherent with the First Part and is an essential part of the grand design.” If this be true, it is certainly one of the greatest mys- teries. as well as misfortunes, of literature, that Goethe, a man eminently capable of the most direct lucid expression. a truth-lover who died with the words “ Light! more light I ” upon his lips, should have deliberately left us in darkness, in a region where effort, lacking a criterion, is ever, to adapt Kant’s words, “ein blosses Herumtappen," as to the real purport of this " essential part of his grand design." \Ve have indicated very imperfectly the scope of Professor Bo_vesen’s critical, scholarly, and matterful volume ; and can only add that the essays on the “ Life and VVorks of Schiller,” on the evolu- lution of the German novel, and on the social and literary aspects of the Romantic School, will prove of the greatest interest and value to American stu- dents of German literature. The book is clearly and in general correctly printed, though there are a few instances of hasty proof-reading. By a com- ical misprint on page 179 an oft-quoted Scotch matron is credited with aspiring to see her son one day “wag his paw in a pu’pit,”-— an emendation probably of the thoughtful compositor. UNDER the title “ Social Statics, Abridged and Revised; and The Man versus the State," Messrs. Appleton & Co. issue a definitive edition of Herbert Spencer's much cited “ Social Statics” originally published in 1850. A relinquishment of some of the views presented in the original, and the fact that certain conclusions therein set forth are incon- sistent with and have led to misinterpretations of his later writings, induced Mr. Spencer in 1890 to go through the work carefully, erasing some por- tions, abridging others, and subjecting the whole to a thorough verbal revision. Portions of the earlier work are, therefore, now to be regarded as can- celled,—a fact to be especially noted by those who find occasion to cite this book in support of their own theses. To the new volume four essays,—. “The New Toryism,” “ The Coming Slavery.” “ The Sins of Legislators," and "The Great Polit- ical Superstition."— originally published (1884) in “The Contemporary Review," have been added under the collective title “ The Man -versus the State.” The general trend and purpose of these papers will be readily inferred by those familiar with the author's opinions as to the nature and sphere of governments. In 1860. during the agi- tation for parliamentary reform. Mr. Spencer pre- 1892.] THE DIAL 21 dicted certain results of changes then proposed. Reduced to its simplest terms, the thesis he main- tained was that unless due precautions were taken increase of freedom in form would be followed by decrease of freedom in fact; and, as he states in the preface to the new volume, “nothing has oc- curred to alter the belief then expressed . . Regulations have been made in yearly-growing numbers, restraining the citizen in directions where his actions were previously unchecked, and com- pelling actions which previously he might perform or not as he liked; and at the same time heavier public burdens, chiefly local, have further re- stricted his freedom by lessening that portion of his earnings which he can spend as he pleases, and augmenting the portion taken from him to he spent as public agents please.” In the four essays added to the present volume, the author sets forth and emphasizes kindred conclusions re- specting the future; and to-meet certain criticisms and remove some of the objections likely to be raised, a postscript has been added. Bearing as it does so directly upon problems that present them- selves daily to thoughtful intelligent people, “So- cial Statics " is one of the most usefully suggestive and generally interesting of Mr. Spencer's books. IN “ The Early Renaissance, and Other Essays” (Houghton), we have an attractive volume contain- ing a series of twelve papers on art subjects,— "Principles of Art,” “Tendencies of Modern Art,” "French Landscape-Painting,” “Murillo,” "Critique of a Greek Statue,” “ Hellas," etc.,—— by Professor James M. Hoppin of Yale University. The papers are throughout more critical than one is led to ex- pect from the preface, wherein, after a rather ex- travagant estimate of the direct art-teachings of Mr. Ruskin, the author tells us that he (Mr. Rus- kin) has shown us that the “deepest foundations of Art are moral,” etc., etc.; a Ruskinian flourish which, as it stands, seems to us about as capable of being rendered into actual thought as the Trinita- rian mystery. If Professor Hoppin had chosen to tell us directly and simply that art should never be put to immoral and may sometimes be put to moral uses,—which is, perhaps, what he means,—all would understand him and few would dispute him. And we may add that since the advent of a class of art- writers who, like Mr. Hamerton, Professor Brown, and M. Chesneau, deigu to stale a plain fact in a plain way, without mysticism or mannerism, the curious notion, for which Mr. Ruskin is largely re- sponsible, that Art is a sort of occult compound of religion, morals, political economy, and what not, is happily giving way to something more definite. Art is a spontaneous activity indulged in for its own sake —- at bottom a refined ha.ndicraft,— hav- ing, originally and essentially, no more to do with " morals” than it has with cookery; and, as we have before had occasion to suggest, the first step in the direction of intelligent art-appreciation is the disengaging of the purely artistic from other standards; the cultivation of the capacity to dis- cern in a work of _art the presence of or the lack of the fruit of that hard-won manipulative skill which belongs to the painter as painter, to the sculptor as sculptor. Happily, after having piously sacrificed at Mr. Ruskin’s altar in the preface, our author elects to steer his own course; and the Es- says, notably the excellent papers on “ French Landscape Painting” and “Art in Education," are scholarly, discriminative, and independent in tone, implying throughout the writer's special knowledge of his theme. In point of style, Professor Hoppin is not always happy; and we trust his fashion of occasionally stringing together the elements of a. sentence haphazard, and regardless of logical cou- nections, will not be adopted by the young gentle- men who meet in his class-rooms. CARLYLE was not fond of the lecture as a me- dium of expressing himself. In one of his letters to Emerson, he exclaims, “ Ah me! often when I think of the matter [lecturing], how my one sole wish is to be left to hold my tongue, and by what bayonets of Necessity clapt to my back I am driven into that lecture-room, and in what mood, and or- dered to speak or die, I feel as if my only utterance should be a, flood of tears and blubbering.” Yet it was in the form of lectures that his most popular and widely-read book, “Heroes and Hero-worship," was first given to the world. And now we have a new volume of his lectures, which, delivered two years before the lectures on “ Heroes," have never before been published. This volume is entitled “ The History of Literature ” (Scribner). This new series has evidently not received the same care- ful attention as the more familiar series, and indeed is not even published from the author's own manu- script, but from the full reports made on the spot by Mr. Thomas Chisholm Anstey. Out of the course of twelve, only one lecture (the ninth) is lacking. That Carlyle did not publish these lectures during his life-time is due, according to the theory of_the editor, Professor J. Reay Greene, to Car- lyle’s shrinking from the slow labor of preparing for publication discourses which deal with topics demanding careful treatment while almost infinite in their extent and variety; his natural impatience, his glowing productivity, urged him to other work at this period (1838), when his genius may be said to have reached its highest and most fervid epoch. Nor is that genius depreciated by the present post- humous publication. It is true that no one would think of offering this book as a manual for a be- ginner; but to one already acquainted with the facts of literary history, these lectures are a de- lightful résumé, from a Carlylean point of view, of the causes of literature, its course, and its signifi- cance. THE collection of “Letters of Charles Dickens to Wilkie Collins" (Harper), edited by Laurence Hutton, forms a dainty and acceptable volume. While the letters are in themselves,—as compared 22 THE DIAL with the weighty budgets of the palmy days episto- lary of Lamb and Southey,— generally of slight texture, the eminence of writer and recipient lends them a relative importance. Dickens and Collins first met in 1851, the former being then nearly forty years of age and already the recognized head of his guild in England, and the latter a man of six-and-twenty and relatively a beginner in litera- ture. It is pleasant to record that the intimacy then begun, and cemented later by the marriage of the daughter of Dickens to the brother of Collins, continued unbroken until Dickens died in 1870. The correspondence between them was frequent and familiar. Some portions of it have already appeared in “The Letters of Charles Dickens,” edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, and first published in 1880 as a supplement to Forster’s “ Life”; but a large number of letters from Dickens to Collins were found after the lat- ter’s death, and the best and most characteristic of these, selected by Miss Hogarth and printed under her supervision, form the contents of the present volume. The book is of interest mainly as throw- ing light upon the relations, personal and literary, which subsisted between the two great novelists, and as indicating their methods of collaboration. There are casual bits of comment and criticism touching the works of contemporaries (notably an interesting letter in which'the writer sets forth his opinion of certain debated passages in Reade’s “Grifiith Gaunt"), and the whole is leavened with a fair sprinkling of characteristic humor. Mr. Hut- ton’s editing is in the best taste, thorough, unob- trusive, and helpful, a thread of explanatory matter and occasional parenthetic comment clearing up the obscure allusions in the text. There are two portraits and several facsimiles of play-bills and letters. FRESH proof of Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith’s abil- ity to wield the quill with the same brisk dexter- ity as the brush, is afforded in the shape of a neat volume entitled “ A Day at Laguerre’s, and Other Days” (Houghton). The book is made up of nine cheery, sketchy papers,— under such titles as “ Es- pero Gorgoni, Gondolier,” “ Under the Minarets," “ A Bulgarian Opera Bouife,” “Six Hours in Squantico,” etc.,— enlivened throughout with bits of local color, incident, and genre, the pleasantly idealized and sentimentalized records of recent vagabondizing days and sentimental journeys in search of the picturesque at home and abroad. Like all sensible travellers not immediately bent on statistics, Mr. Smith dons his rose-colored spec- tacles before starting; hence, in his optimistic pages, French inn-keepers, Venetian gondoliers (to the jaundiced eye a vociferous unsavory sort of water-cabbies, tuneless, prosaic, careless of decency and greedy of the pour-boire), Turkish dragomen, etc., etc., take on a pleasantly sentimental tinge, and supply in two or three instances a thread of romance deftly interwoven in the descriptive text. Mr. Smith’s gondolier, Espero Gorgoni, was a spe- cially charming man of the right Byronic flavor— the black swan, we suspect, of his craft. Vi/hen breakfasted by Mr. Smith at the "Caife Florian." —a rather unusual proceeding, by the way,— this paragon seems to have comported himself with the grace of a Chesterfield and the propriety of a “Turveydrop,” discovering a knowledge of the polite mysteries of napkins and finger-bowls not unworthy of the “late Prince Regent" himself. For the behoof of prospective travellers, we may add that Espero is still within hail at the Molo. The book is vivaciously written, and will serve ad- mirably to while away an evening or two. There are no illustrations. N0 ELOQUENCE is quite the same as that of the bibliophile when he discourses upon his own rare copies and first editions. Such is the theme of Mr. Edmund Gosse in his recently published “ Gossip in a Library” (Lovell). Its twenty-five chapters are the ten-minute sermons of a book-collector con- cerning the history and contents of as many famous or curious books, the original editions of which happen to form a part of his private library. This furnishes an opportunity for their scholarly owner to regale us with many recondite and charming bits of biography, criticism, and bibliography, connected with the personal character and adventures of his favorites. The full title-page is given, so that we feel somewhat as though the volume actually lay in our hands. Among the older books are Camden's “ Britannia ” ( 1610 ), “ A Mirror for Magistrates ” (1610), George \Vither’s " The Shepherd's Hunt- ing" (1615 ), John Donne’s “Death’s Duel” (1632 Yet some of the newer ones are not less interesting. A very delightful chat on “' Peter Bell and his Tor- mentors ” arises 1‘; propos of the first edition of \Vordsworth’s poem (1819); another on " Ultra- Crepidarius ” (1823 ), the scarcest of all Leigh Hunt’s poetical pamphlets, and giving curious proof of the crude taste of the young school out of which Shelley and Keats were to arise; still another, on George Meredith's “Shaving of Shagpat,” which Mr._Gosse declares to be the latest book in which any Englishman “ has allowed his fancy, untram- melled by any sort of moral or intellectual subter- fuge, to go a-roaming by the light of the moon.” The volume is handsomely printed on heavy paper with uncut edges, and externally as well as inter- nally is one to rejoice the heart of a book-lover. ANOTHER volume about uncommon books is “Wells of English" (Roberts), by Isaac Bassett Choate. The aim in Mr. Choate’s case, however. is quite different from that of Mr. Gosse, the result being somewhat of the nature of a manual or hand-book of information concerning the lesser lights of English literature. The author’s principle is, that while it is the great writers who show us what our literature ought to be, it is those of les- ser rank to whom we must go when we wish to 1892.] THE DIAL 23 find out what our literature has been and is. They, too. are our “ wells of English undefyled.” Forty different writers are included, beginning with Thomas of Erceldoune and ending with John Eve- lyn. Each is supposed to be somewhat typical of the respective groups to which they belonged, and the volume presents a very readable and useful body of criticism on subjects not often treated. MR. Enwsnn WATERMAN Evans is the author of a. little book devoted to a critical study of \Valter Savage Landor (Putnam). The book was written as a college thesis, and includes an idyl in what aims to be the Landorian manner, written in com- petition for a college prize in poetry. Mr. Evans justifies the publication of his monograph by saying that -‘ no critique at once adequately exclusive and inclusive has been written in the effort to determine Landor's place and function in literature.” "We should say that fully a dozen such critiques, at least as adequate as the present one, were already in existence. and if there is still room for a more exhaustive and searching study, Mr. Evans has cer- tainly not occupied it. Careful and conscientious as his essay is, half a dozen pages of Colvin or Sted- man or \Voodberry are far more weighty, to say nothing of Lowell and Swinburne. The conspicu- ous faults of this new treatment of a noble subject are diifuseness and a sophomorical style. And even less,pa1-donable is the patronizing air which the writer allows himself to assume. T o seriously dis- cuss the claim of Landor to a. place among the im- mortals is no longer a permissible thing. That place is securely taken, and forever. \Ve do not imply that Mr. Evans is alone in making this mis- take, but we do distinctly say that it is time for critics to abandon this apologetic attitude, and take for granted what everybody with a sense for litera- ture knows-—that nineteenth century England can boast no greater writer of prose, and few greater poets. To THEIR recently issued series of reprints from \V. D. Howells, G. \V. Curtis, and C. D. \Varner, Messrs. Harper & Brothers add a fourth number, “ Concerning All of Us,” by Thomas W. Higginson. Col. Higginson’s merits as a writer of crisp lucid English need no introduction here, and these essays in miniature,— familiar, half-humorous disserta- tions, with the due infusion of sound thought and good literature, on current themes broachable in club and drawing-room,—are, in many respects, models of their class. As to one point,—and we ap- proach it with diflidence,—we shall venture to criti- cise. Col. Higginson is, as the world knows, an ardent champion of the cause of the fair (or, as “man, proud man” in the insolent pride of his physical superiority is prone to style it, the “weaker ”) sex; and his chivalrous defense of the natural and inalienable right of its members to be as masculine as they choose, seems to us a trifle obt1'usive in these essays. Like King Charles’s head in the memoir of the unfortunate “ Mr. Dick," the theme crops out inopportunely. The book is, however, suggestive and readable,— the best, per- haps. of the series; and we may add, for the spe- cial behoof of the down-trodden ones in whose be- half Col. Higginson has assailed so many wind- mills, fulling-mills, and other malevolent giants, that it is graced with a good portrait of the author. THE “Best Letters” series issued by Messrs. McClurg & Co. reaches a fifth volume in selections from the correspondence of Charles Lamb, edited by ‘Mr. Edward Gilpin Johnson. The earlier vol- umes of the series bore the names of writers famous chiefly by reason of their letters,— Chesterfield, Walpole, Montagu, Sévigné. But with Charles Lamb, the letters count only as one more point of attraction toward a figure already fascinating as a man, an essayist, a humorist, a poet, and a. hero of a most difficult and uncommon type. Lamb is not one of those writers whom we are content to know simply through their works; we are interested in all that relates to him as a man, and this feeling has increased rather than lessened in the fifty-eight years since his death. Moreover, the group to which he belonged—coutaining Coleridge. Hazlitt. Southey, \Vordsworth, Godwin, Proctor—is one of the most interesting that literary history has to offer. T herefore, letters to these and concerning these have the advantage of most fortunate mate» rial. Mr. Johnson’s Introduction is a happy exam- ple of a. new treatment. of an old subject,— witty and piquant at times as “ Elia” himself, yet schol- arly and dignified throughout. To THE many Americans who remember with pleasure the series of lectures on ancient Egypt de- livered here by the late Amelia B. Edwards, the sumptuous volume entitled “ Pharaohs, F ellahs, and Explorers” (Harper), containing the substance of those lectures, with large additions, notes, and ref- erences, and a profusion of illustrations selected from the works of eminent Egyptologists, will prove a welcome publication. Miss Edwards’s chapters on Egyptian portrait painting and portrait sculpture seem to us especially satisfactory; she has suc- ceeded in giving an unusually sound and critical summary of Egyptian art from the artistic as well as from the religious point of view. The illustra- tions of these two chapters—notably the reproduc- tions from Mr. Petrie’s series of funerary portraits ——are of the greatest interest. The book is, per- haps, the best popular exposition of the subject yet issued, and it acquires additional, though melan- choly, interest in that it is the last considerable work from the pen of this versatile writer, whose laurels were won in such diverse fields. THE series of Shakespeare's plays, edited chiefly by K. Deighton, and issuing from the press of Messrs. Macmillan & Co., is an excellent one for beginners in the study of Shakespeare. Each play makes a separate volume, of a. convenient form and size, tastefully bound in cloth. To each there is a 24 [May, THE DIAL brief introduction on the date of the play, origin, plot, characters, time analysis, etc. The text is fol- lowed by notes, very abundant, and learned with- out being recondite or pedantic. The serviceable- ness of the notes is enhanced, and the objection to their abundance diminished, by the addition of an index. Altogether, the series will be found a good one not only for use in schools but also for the home perusal of those who desire to read Shake- TOPICS IN LEADING PEllIODI('ALS. May, 1892. Air and Health, II. Popular Science. America, Discovery of. R. B. Anderson. American .\Iorals. H. R. Chamberlain. Chautauquan. Ballestier. \Volcott. Illus. Henry James. Cosmopolitan. Behring Sea Controversy. North American. Bicycling. Thomas Stevens. Lippincott. Black Forest to Black Sea. Illus. F. D_. Millet. Harper. Botanist’s Journeyings, A. Anna B. McMahan. Dial. Brnwnings, The. Illus. Anne Ritchie. Harper. California's Floral Society. Illus. Prof. Wickson. Overland. California's Raisin Industry. Illus. J. T. Goodman. Overl’d. Cave Dwellings. Illus. W. H. Larrabee. Pop. Science. Children of the Poor. Illus. J. A. Riis. Scribner. Chinese Question. J. R. Young. North American. College Personal Economics. F. B. Wilson. Lippincott. Columbus and his Age. Illus. E. Castolar. Century. Correspondent, The Travelling. W. J. C. Meighan. Lipp. Couture, Thomas. Illus. G. P. A. Hes.ly. Century. Dakotas, The. Julian Ralph. Harper. Dendrites. Illus. M. S. Meunier. Popular Science. Emerson-Thoreau Correspondence. F. B. Sanborn. Atlantic. European Anthropological “lurk. Illus. Popular Science. Evolution in Folk Lore. D. D. Wells. Popular Science. Flower Shows. S. A. Wood. Chautauquan. Flying Machines. S. P. Langley. Cosmopolitan. Freeman, E. A.. Some Autobiography of. Forum. Geology Teaching. A. S. Packard. Popular Science. German Army. Illus. Lieut.-Col. Exner. Harper. German Emperor and Trade. Poultney Bigelow. Forum. Gerrymander, Slaying the. Atlantic. Girls’ Private Schools. Anna C. Brackett. Harper. Glaciers of America. Illus. Californian. Harvard Requirements for Admission. Atlantic. . Healing Art. H. Nothnagel. Popular Science. Henri Christophe I. Illus. L. G. Billings. Cosmopolitan. Hill and the New York Senate. Matthew Hale. Forum. Hill in New York. F. R. Coudert. Forum. Hopkins, Mark. E. P. Anderson. Dial. Kentucky Homes. Illus. J. L. Allen. Century. Larnartine. E-M. de Vogue. Chautauquan. Languages. Leaming of. P. G. Hamerton. Lapland. Illus. H. H. Boyesen. Luini. Illus. by T. Cole. Dial. Forum. Cosmopolitan. W. J. Stillman. Century. Man or Platform? Messrs. Key, Vest, etc. N 0. American. .\IcMaster's History of the U. S. C. H. Hsskins. Dial. .\Ierit System. Theodore Roosevelt. Cosmopolitan. Mexican Trade. M. Romero. North American. Microscope and Biology. H. L. Osborn. Dial. Monkey Speech. R. L. Garner. Forum. Nicaragua Canal, III. Consul~Geu. Merry. Californian. North in the War. J. B. McMaster. Cliautauquan. Olympian Religion, IV. W. E. Gladstone. North American. Opium Traflie. Illus. F. J. Masters. Californian. Party Government. Goldwin Smith. North American. Peri-y’s Victory. Illus. J. C. Ridpath. Chautauquan. Phrenology. G. P. Serviss. Chautauquan. Poetry : Creation and Self-Expression. E. C. Stedman. Cent. Poor in Cities. C. G. Truesdell. Chautauquan, Religion in Business. Geo. Hodges. Chautauquan. Roman Private Lite. Mrs. Preston and Louise Dodge. Allan. Russia's Famine. C. E. Smith. North American. San Francisco Press. Illus. Californian. San Francisco Street Characters. Illus. Overland. Science and Fine Art. E. Du-Bois Reymond. Pop. Science. Sea and Land. Illus. N. S. Shaler. Scribner. Seriousness, A Plea for. Atlantic. Severn’s Roman Journals. VVm. Sharp. Atlantic. Simian Speech. Illus. R. L. Garner. Cosmopolitan. Southern Confederacy. Henry Watterson. Chautauquan. Southern Homes at the End of the War. Atlantic. Spencer and his Philosophy. W. H. Hudson. Pop. Science. St. Augustine. Florida. Illus. Chautauquan. Transit, Rapid. Illus. T. C. Clarke. Scribner. Uuter den Linden. Berlin. Illus. Paul Lindau. Unwritten Constitution, Our. J. O. Pierce. Dial. U. S. Patent Oflice. Helen F. Shedd. Chautauquan. Vespucci, Amerigo. Eugene Lawrence. Harper. Violin for Ladies. J. Y. Taylor. Lippincott. Volta. Allesandro. With Portrait. Popular Science. Vvhitman, \Va.lt. John Burroughs. North American. Whitman, VVn.lt. \V. H. Garrison. Lippincott. Whitman, Vvalt. Vi’. S. Walsh. Lippincott. World’s Fair Architecture. Illus. H. Van Brunt. Century. Yachting. Illus. F. W. Pangborn. Century. Scribner. Books or THE M0.\"rri. [The following list, embracing711.i’ titles, includes all books received by Tun DIAL during the month of April, 1893.] HISTORY. The Discovery of America. with Some Account of Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest. By John Fiske. In ‘.5 éolsqgiith portrait, 1'2mo, gilt tops. Houghton, Mifilin & o. .00. History of the Nineteenth Ar-my Corps. By Richard B. Irwin. Large 8vo, pp. 523, gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. Putnam‘s Sons. $4.50. The First International Railway, and the Colonization of New England. (Life and Writings of John Alfred Poor.) Edited by Laura Elizabeth Poor. fivo, pp. -100, gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. Putnam's Sous. $3.00. A History of Greece. By Evelyn Abbott. M.A. Part ll., From the Ionian Revolt to the Thirty Years‘ Peace, .'»m~ -H5 B. C. 8v0, op. 542, gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. Put- nam’s Sons. The Kansas Conflict. By Charles Robinson, late Governor of Kansas. l2mo, pp. 487. Harper & Brothers. $‘.’.00. Stories tr-om English History for Young Americans. Illus., 12mo, pp. 784. Harper dc Brothers. $2.00. “ Monsieur Henr ": A Foot-note to French History. With irontispiece, 18iuo, pp. 139. Harper & Brothers. $1.00. ARCH./EOLOG Y. The Remains of Ancient Rome. By J. Henry Middleton. author of “Ancient Rome in 18%.” In L’ vols., illus., Svo, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $7.00. BIOGRAPI1 Y AND REMLVISCENCE. The Life of George Mason, 1725-1792. By Kate .\Iasori Rowland. Including his Speeches. Public Pa ers. etc.. with Introduction by Geneml Fitzhugh Lee. n '.’ vols., with portrait, Svo, gilt. top, uncut edges. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $8.00. The Life of Joshua. R. Giddings. By George W. J ulian, author of “ Political Recollections." Ivith portrait, Hvo, pp. 473, gilt top. A. C. McClur~g & Co. $2.50. The Life and Works of John Arbuthnot, M.D., Fellow of the R0 al College of Physicians. By George A. Ait- ken. Wi portrait, tivo, pp. 516, uncut. Macmillan J}: Co. $4.00. Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. XXX., Johnes~—Kenneth. Svo, pp. H49. gilt top. Macmillan 8.: Co. $3.75. Politics and. Pen Pictures, At Home and Abroad. By Henry W. Hilliard, LL.D. With rtrait, large Bvn. pp. -H5. gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. utnsm's Sons. S-'i.0U. 1892.] THE DIAL 25 Diary of George Mlfllin Dallas. while United States Min- ister to Russia, 1837-9, and to England, 1856-61. Edited by Susan Dallas. With portrait, 8vo, pp. 443, gilt top. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2.00. The Autobiography of Isaac Williams, B.D. Edited by his brother-in-law, the Ven. Sir Geo Prevost. 12mo, pp. 186, uncut. Longmans, Green & $1.50. The Duchesse of Angouleme and the Two Restorations. By Imbert de Saint.-Amand. Translated by James Da- vis. \Vith portrait, 12mo, pp. 403. Charles Scribner‘s Sons. 8I.25. The German Emperor and his Eastern Neighbors. By Poultney B' low. \Vith portrait, lfimo, pp. 179. C. L. ivebster & 75 cts. ESSA Ya‘ AND GENERAL LITERATURE. Ibaays on German Literature. By Hjahnsr Hjorth Boye- sen. lfimo, pp. 360. Charles Scribner‘s Sons. $1.50. Concerning A11 of Us. By Thomas Wentworth Higginson. \Vith portrait, 18mo, pp. 210. Ha.rper & Brothers. $1.00. The Golden Guess: Fesays on Poe and the Poets. By John Vance Cheney, author of “ histle-Drift.” 12mo, pp. 292. Lee & Shepard. $1.50. A Day at Laguen-e's, and Other Days. Being nine sketches, by F. Ho kinson Smith. 16mo, pp. 101, gilt top, uncut edges. oughton, Mifllin & Co. $1.25. The Presumptlon oi’ Sex, and'Other Papers. By Oscar Fay Adams, author of “Poet-Laureate Idylls.” lfimo, pp. 1-iii, g1lt top. Lee & Shepard. $1.00. Walter Savage Landor: A Critical Study. By Edward Watennan Evans, Jr. liimo, pp. 209, gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. $1.25. Political Pamphlets. Edited b George Saintsbury. ‘limo, pp. 303, uncut. Macmillan $1.00. English “friters: An Attempt towards a History of En- glish Literature. By Henry Morley. LL.D. Vol. VIII.. g-om_S}1l1_rreyCto Sp;1r|?)r. 12mo, pp. 416, gilt top. Cassell u IS mg 0. . . The Variorum Shakespeare. Edited by Horace Howard Furness. Vol. IX., The Tempest. Lalatla Bvo, pp. 465, gilt top, uncut edges. J. B. Lippincott $4.00. Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia. Bv Samuel Johnson, LL.D. ‘limo. pp. 24-i, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.00. POE TR Y. The Foresters: Robin Hood and Maid Marian. By Alfred, (Lord ;I‘s.-nnyson. ltinio, pp. 155, uncut. Macmillan & '0. ,,1.‘.L'3. Poems by the Way. Written by William Morris. pp. 196, gilt top. Roberts Brothem. $1.25. Marsh By Owen Meredith. 12mo, pp. 2%, gilt top. Long~ mans. Green & Co. $1.50. Selected Poems by Walt Whitman. Edited by Arthur Stedman. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 176. C. L. Webster & C0. T5 cts. The Odes and Epodes of Horace. Translated into English verse, with an introduction and notes and Latin text, by John B. Hague, Pl|.D. -ito, pp. 188, gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. $1.75. Tributes to Shakespeare. Collected and arranged b Mary R. Silshy. lfimo, pp. 246, gilt top, uncut edges. arper & Brothels. ‘$1.25. Poems and Proverbs of George Herbert. ‘limo, pp. 200. Longmans, Green & Co. 40 cts. FICTION. The Quality of Mercy: A Novel. By W. D. Howells. 12mo, pp. 474. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. On the Plantation: A Story of a Georgia Boy‘s Adventures durin the Ivar. B Joel Chandler Harris, author of "Unc e Remus.” I1 us., 12mo, pp. 233. D. Appleton & ('0. 81.50. San Salvador. By Mary Agnes Tincker, author of “ Two Coronets.” 12mo, pp. Houghton, Mifiiin & Co. $1.25. The Chevalier of Pensieri-Vani. By Henry B. Fuller. New edition, revised. 12mo, pp. 135, gilt top. Century Company. $1.25. 12mo, Tales of a '1‘ime and Place. By Grace King. 12mo, pp. 303. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. A Capillary Crime, and Other Stories. By F. D. Millet. Illus., 12mo, pp. 284. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. Van Bibber and Others. B Richard Harding Davis, author of “Gallegher.” Il us., 12mo, pp. 249. Harper & Brothers. $1.00. Manulito; or, A Strange Friendship. By] William Bruce Lefiingwell, author of “lvild Fowl S ooting." 12mo, pp. 320. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25. Love-Letters of a Worldly Woman. By Mrs. VV. K. Clifi'ord, author of “Mrs. Keith’s Crime.” l6mo, pp. 278, g-ilt top, uncut edges. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. A Member of the Third House: A Dramatic Story. By Hamlin Garland, author of "1\Iain Travelled Roads. ’ \Vith portrait, 12mo, pp. 239. F. J. Schulte & Co. $1.25. The Opal Queen. By Eliza B. Swan, author oi’ “Once a Year." 12mo, pp. 387. Robert Clarke & Co. $1.25. Sylvester Romaine: A Novel. By Charles Pelletreau, B.D. 12mo, pp. 255. James Pott & Co. $1.00. In Beaver Cove and Elsewhere. By Matt Crim. 12mo, pp. 341;. C. L. Webster & Co. $1.00. Sea Mew Abbey. B Florence Warden. author of “The House on the Mars ." 12mo, pp. 336. U. S. Book Co. $1. The Wrong that Was Done. By F. W. Robinson. author at “ Our Erring Brother.” 12mo, pp. 467. U. S. Book Co. -. 1.00. The Misfortunes of Elphin. By T. Love Peacock. With grontispiece, llimo, pp. 159, uncut edges. Macmillan & Co. 1.00. Fifty Pounds for a Wife. By A. L. Glyn, co-author of “ \Vhat.‘s His Offense? " 12mo, pp. Henry Holt & Co. 81.00. The Pickwick Papers. By Charles Dickens. Reprint of the first edition. with the illustrations, and an Introduc- tion b ' Charles Dickens the younger. 12mo, pp. 759, un- cut. iacmillan & Co. $1.00. The Three Fates. By F. Marion Crawford. 12mo. pp. 412. Macmillan & Co. 81.00. A Princess of Thule. B William Black. New and re- vised edition. Harper Brothels. 90 cts. Merry Tales. By Mark Twain. lfimo. pp. 209. “'ebster’s “ Fiction, Fact, and Fancy Series." 75 cts. Casse11's “Unknowu" Library: In Tent and Bungalow, by an Idle Exile. 50 cts. NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES. Casseil's Sunshine Series: Man and Money. By Emile Souvestre, trans. b Mary J. Serrano; Mrs. Leslie and Mrs. Lennox. anove ; Lumen, Experiences in the Infinite, b ' Camille Flammariou. trans. b Mary J. Serrano; A uman Document, by W. H. M ock. Per vol., 50 cts. Harper’s Franklin Square Library: The Jonah of Lucky Valley, by Howard Seeley, illus. 50 cts. Worthington's Rose Library: Felix Lanzbei-g‘s Expiation, by Ossip Schubiu, illus. 50 cts. Taylor's Broadway Series: A Loyal Lover, by E. Lovett Cameron. 50 cts. Appleton's Town and Country Library: The Story of Philip Methuen, by Mrs. J. H. Needell. 50 cts. Carlyle Bi-monthly Series: Theo Waddington, by Julian Wyndham. United Pub’g Co. 50 cts. MUSIC. Manual of Musical History. By James E. Matthews, author of “ A Popular History of Music.” Profusely ll- lus., Bvo, pp. -102, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. -$3.00. ARCHITECTURE. American Architecture. Studies, by Montgomery Schuy- ler. lllus.. large rive. PP. 211, gilt top, uncut edges. Harper & Brothers. Leather, THEOLOG Y AND RELIGION. One in the Infinite. By George Francis Savage-Armstrong, gI.A. 16mo, pp. -120. uncut. Longmans, Green & Co. 2.50. Sermons on Some Words of Christ. B - H. P. Liddon, D.D. 12mo, pp. .'i56, uncut. Longmans, reen & Co. $2. God's Image in Man: Some Intuitive Perceptions of Truth. By Henry “'ood, author of "Edward Burton.” 12mo, pp. 258. Lee -it Shepard. $1.00. The Unseen Friend. B Lucy Larcom. llimo, pp. 217, gilt top. Houghton, itiiin& Co. $1.00. 26 THE DIAL [May, The Life Beyond. By George Hepworth. A. D. F. Randolph Co. $1.00. The Philosophy of Religion. By Herman Lotze. by F. C. Conybeare. M.A. l2iuo, pp. 176, uncut. inillan & Co. 90 cts. West Roxbury Sermons, 1837-1848. By Theodora Parker. From unpublished manuscripts, with introduc- tion and biographical sketch. 16nio, pp. 235. Roberts Brothers. $1.00.. Light of the Conscience. By H. L. Sidney Lear. With introduction by the Rev. T. T. Carter, M.A. 321110, pp. 2-12. Longniaiis, Green & Co. 50 cts. The Devout Life. From the French of Saint Francis of (Szales. 0New edition, 2~lmo, pp. 264. Longmans, Green & 0. 4 cts. llinio, pp. 116. Edited Mac- ETHICS. The Morals of Christ: A Coni rison with Contein orane- ous Systems. By Austin ierbower, author 0 “The Sociahsm of Christ." Second edition, 12mo, pp. 200. C. H. Kerr & Co. $1.00. The Ethical Principle, and its Application in State Rela- tions. By Marietta Kies, Pb. . l6mo, pp. 131. Ann Arbor, Mich.: The Inland Press. 75 cts. SCIENCE. The Grammar of Science. B Karl Pearson, M.A. Illus., 1$2mo, pp. 493. Imported y Charles Scribner’s Sous. 1.25. Moral Teachings of Science. By Arabella B. Buckle (Mrs. Fisher), author of "The Fairyland of Science. ’ l2ino, pp. 122. D. Appleton & Co. 75 cts. Marriage and Disease: A Study of Heredity. By S. A. K. Strahan, M.D. 12nio, pp. 326. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25. The Rationale of Mesmerism. B A. P. Sinuett, author oughton, Mifilin & Co. of " Karma.” llimo, pp. 232. $1.25. The Oak: A Po ular Introduction to Forest-Botany. By H. Marshall \ ’ai-d, M.A. Illus., 12mo, pp. 175. Apple- ton‘s “ Modern Science Series.” $1.00. Electricity up to Date, for Li ht Power, and Traction. By John B. Verity, M.Inst.E.E. lllus., sq. 1Smo, pp. 175. F. Warne & Co. 75 cts. A Guide to Electric Lighting. For the use of householdeis and amateurs. By S. R. Bottone, author of “The Dy- namo.” Illus., llinio, pp. 189. Macmillan & Co. 75 cts. FINANCE. The Question of Silver. Coniprisin a brief summary of legislation in the United States. T3)‘ Louis R. Ehrich. 12mo. pp. 115. Putnsm’s “ Questions of the Day ” series. 75 cts. The Silver Situation in the United States. By F. W. Taussig, LL.B. 8vo, pp. 118. uncut. American Econo- mic Assoc’n. Paper, 75 cts. TEXT-BOOKS. New Elementary Algebra. By Charles Davies, LL.D. Edited by J. H. Van Amriuge, Ph.D. 12ino, pp. %. American Book Co. H0 cts. SOCIAL STUDIES. Methods of Industrial Remuneration. By David F. Schloss. Svo, pp. 287. G. P. Putna.m’s Sons. $1.50. The State and Pensions in Old Age. B J. A. Spender, M.A., with introduction by Arthur I . D. Ackland, M.P. 12mo, pp. 165, uncut. Imported by Charles Scrib- ner’s Sons. $1.00. Man and the State: Studies in Applied Sociol prising—The Duty of a Public Spirit by E. enjamin Andrews ; The Study of Applied Social , by Robert G. Eccles ; Representative Government, byfiwin D. Mend ; Sufl' e and the Ballot, by Daniel S. Remsen; The Land ibblem. by Otis T. Mason; The Problem of City Government, by Lewis G. Janes. D. Appleton & Co. Each. 12mo, papei-,'10 cts. The Fourth International Prison Congress, at St. Peters- burg. By C. D. Randall. Illus., Hvo, pp. 253. U. S. Gov’t Printing Oflicc. Com- REFEREN CE-BOOKS. A Dictionary of the Targumin, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalnii, and the Midrashic Literature. Compiled by M. Jastrow, Ph.D. Part V., pp. 385 to 480. -ito, boards. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. $2.00. Everybody’s Writink-Desk Book. By Charles Nisbet and Don Lemon. Revised and edited by James Bald- win, Ph.D. 2-lmo, pp. 310. Harper & Brothers. $1.00. Everybody’s Pocket Cyclopmdia of Thin Worth Know- ing, Things Diflicult to Remember. and ables of Refer- ence. lflmo, pp. 21~i. Harper & Brothers. 75 ots. The Handbook Illustrated Dictionary of the English Language. With an appendix of abbreviations, for- eign words, etc. \'iih $50 engravings, lfimo, pp. 448. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 75 cts. Vest Pocket Parliamentary Pointer. For Ready Refer- ence in lodge and society work. Paper, pp. 22. De- troit: Thomas J. Crows. 10 cts. STUDIES IN NATURE. Little Brothers of the Air. By Olive Thorue Miller. lfimo, pp. 271. Houghton, Mifliin & C0. $1.25. Red Deer. B Richard Jeffries. author of “The Game- keeper at ome.” &cond edition, illus., llimo, pp. 248. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.25. Folly and Fresh Air. B ' Eden Phillpotts. 12mo, pp. 307. Harper & Brothers. 1.25. JUVENILE. Five Little Peppers Grown Up: A ' uel to “Five Little Peppers Midway." By Margaret Si uey. Illus., 12mo, pp. 527. D. Lothrop Company. $1.50. HYGIENE AND NURSING. The Hygienic Treatment of Consumption. By M. L. Holbrook, M.D. In three parts. 12mo, pp. 219. M. L. Holbrook & Co. $2.00. A Text-Book of Nursing. For the use of training schools. families, and private students. Compiled by Clara S. VVeeks=Shaw. Second edition, revised and en arged. Il- lus., 12mo, pp. 3211. D. Appleton & C0- $1.75. MISCELLANEOUS. On Seats and Saddles, Bits and Bitting, and Restiveness in Horses. By Francis Dwyer. From fourth English edition. Illus., 12mo, pp. 307. U. S. Book Co. $1.50. Three Hundred and Sixty-Six Dinners. Suggested by M. E. N. ltimo, pp. 185, gilt top, rough edges. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. $1.25. The House Comfortable. By Agnes Bailey Ormsbee. lfimo, pp. 232. Harper & Brothels. $1.00. TO AUTHORS.-—The New YORK Bvaaau or REVISION gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all kinds, edits them for publication, and 0fi'ers them to publishers. Send stamp to Dr. Cozm for prospectus at 20 West 14th St.. New York City. BINDINGS FOR THE DI/IL. With April, 1892, T HE DIAL completed its Twelfth Year. A full bzdeoc _and Title- Page are issued for the -volume. Subscrib- ers wishing their copies bound can send them to the Publishers for that purpose. Price of Cloth Binding, Side and Bach Stamps in Gold, $1.00 per volume. .~./I. C. éMcCLURG Er CO" Nos. 117-121 Wabash Avenue, corner Madison Street, CH I CA GO. THE DIAL Von. XIII. JUNE, 1892. No. 146. r CONTENTS. PATRICK HENRY. W. F. Poole. . . . . . 41 OLD'- TIME PLANTATION LIFE. Alexander C'. McClurg . . . . . . . . GREEK PAPYRI IN EGYPTIAN TOMBS. Edward G. Manon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton Payne................51 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . . . . . . . . . . Emily James Smith’s Selections from Lucian. —— King’: The Idealist.——Adama’s The Presumption of Sex.— Fa.rrer’s Books Condemned to Be Burnt.- Vickers‘s Martyrdoms of Literatul-e.— Keene’s The Literature of Fra.nce.— Sa.intsbury’s Political Pam- ph1ets.—Ma1-quis of Lorne’s Life of Viscount Pal- merston.-—— Traill’a Life of the Marquis of Salisbury. —Tynda.l1's New Fragn1ents.——Parker’a West Rox- bury Sermons.— Nichol’s and McCormick’s A Man- ual of English Composition. TOPI(S IN JUNE PERIODICALS . . . . . . . 60 BOOKS OF THE MONTH . . . . . . . . . . 60 49 56 PATRICK Hn1~znY.* The period of the American Revolution was rich in eminent men; but in the controversy which preceded the war no one was more con- spicuous or had a greater influence in forming and directing public sentiment than Patrick Henry, the statesman and matchless orator of Virginia. A full and impartial history of this unique person—beloved and praised without stint by the men of his time, and since his death strangely maligned by a rival statesman of Virginia—has been needed; and it is a pleasure to recognize in the work before us the fact that the task has been faithfully executed by his grandson, VVilliam Wirt Henry, who has also printed such portions of the corres- pondence and speeches of his ancestor as could be collected. The work embraces a connected historical narrative of events, and also a pro- found study of all the questions in controversy "PA-mick Hnnnr: Life, Correspondence, and Speeches. By William ‘Vii-t Henry. In three volumes. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. with the mother country which led up to inde- pendence; and hence it will have a place in every collection of the best books on American history. The popular estimate of Patrick Henry has l been taken from his Life by William Wirt, ' where he appears as a picturesque and inex- plicable being—a magnetic and inspired back- woodsman, who, without education and early training, was endowed with an unsurpassed gift of eloquence which he used with magic effect in the most critical period of our national history. Mr. Wirt, attracted by the popular accounts of Mr. Henry’s oratory, began. in 1805 to collect materials for writing his biog- raphy. He had never seen Mr. Henry, who died in 1799; and for the facts and incidents of Mr. Henry’s life he relied upon the contribu- tions of many Virginia statesmen who had been his contemporaries. These were in the highest degree eulogistic of Mr. Henry’s character, abilities, and patriotism. The exceptions to this strain of eulogy were the frequent comments of Thomas Jefferson and a few persons who were especially influenced by him. There was much bitterness of party spirit in Virginia during the later years of Mr. Henry’s life. Until the first administration of Washington, Jefferson and Henry were both republicans and worked in the same party traces. Henry opposed the adoption of the Federal Constitu- tion in the Virginia Convention of 1788, with all his energy; and Jefferson would have done the same if he had not fortunately been absent in France at the time. When he returned, in November, 1789, he and Henry parted com- pany in politics. Henry set his face against all factions opposition to putting the new con- stitution into operation. He had, he said, opposed its adoption in the convention, with all his powers. The question had been fully discussed and settled, and he should now give it fair play, and support it. Mr. Jef- ferson, on the other hand, threw every ob- stacle in its way, and set about creating a. party which he could control. Mr. Henry did not follow him, and the breach between them widened. One of the last acts of Mr. Henry’s life was to denounce, with all his matchless elo- quence, Jefferson’s “Virginia Resolutions of 1798,” asserting the right of nullification. The 42 THE DIAL [J une, “ Mephistopheles of American politics ” never outlived his resentment nor ceased to vilify the memory of Patrick Henry. The influence of J eiferson, which can be traced through the whole of Mr. Wirt’s narra- tive, gives it a strange inconsistency. In his youth—the age not given—lVirt describes “ his person as coarse, his manners awkward, his dress slovenly, his conversation very plain, his aversion to study invincible, and his facul- ties almost benumbed by indolence. No per- suasion could bring him either to read or work. He ran wild in the forest, and divided his life between the dissipation and uproar of the chase and the languor of reaction.” This information was furnished by Mr. Jefferson. When Henry was about nineteen years of age — as Mr. Wirt’s narrative continues — “He had not changed his character by changing his pur- suits. His early habits still continued to haunt him. He resumed his violin, his flute, and his books [1]. His reading began to assume a more serious character. He studied geography, in which he became an expert. He read the charters and history of the colony. He became fond of historical works, particularly those of Greece and Rome, and soon made himself a perfect master of their contents. Livy was his favorite, and having procured a translation, he became so enamored of the work that he read it through, once at least, every year during the early part of his life. The grandeur of the Roman character filled him with surprise and admira- tion.” Mr. Jefferson evidently did not furnish Mr. W'irt with this description, which is highly creditable to a boy of nineteen in the back- woods of Virginia—a boy, too, whose “ facul- ties were almost benumbed by indolence, and no persuasion could bring him either to read or work.” Daniel Webster visited Mr. Jeffer- son at Monticello in December, 1824, and the latter gave him an account of Patrick Henry. “ Henry,” he said, “ was originally a barkeeper. His pronunciation was vulgar and vicious. He was a man of very little knowledge of any sort. He read nothing, and had no books. He could not write. His biographer [Wirt] says he read Plutarch [Livy ?] every year. I doubt if he ever read a volume of it in his life.” J efierson advised Wirt, without success, to omit the Livy story. Mr. Henry met John Adams at the meeting of the Continental Con- gress, and told him (October 11, 1774) that at fifteen he read Virgil and Livy in the orig- inal Latin. Patrick Henry was born May 29, 1736. His father, John Henry, was a man of classical education, the presiding magistrate of the county of Hanover, and a colonel of militia. He defended t_he doctrine of eternal punish- ment, by a critical examination of the Greek text of the New Testament; and a clergyman said of him that he was more familiar with his Horace than with his Bible. Patrick went to a common English school till he was ten years old, when his father became his tutor, and he acquired a knowledge of Latin, mathematics, ancient and modern history, and something of Greek. He had also a careful religious train- ing from his pious parents. This religious in- fluence accompanied him through life, and led him to abstain from profanity and all youthful excesses. When he was about twelve years of age, the noted pulpit orator, Rev. Samuel Davies, later president of Princeton College, preached in Hanover County, and inspired in the boy a taste for oratory. Mr. Henry through life spoke of Dr. Davies as the greatest orator he ever heard. Few boys of the age of fifteen have better opportunities for an education than he had, or, so far as appears, made a better use of them. His father then placed him with a country merchant, that he might be trained in mercantile life, and after a year’s experi- ence set him and his brother up in business for themselves. At the age of eighteen he married, and the business enterprise turned out disastrously. He then tried farming; and that was equally unsuccessful. He was then twenty-four years old, and resolved to take up the profession of law. He borrowed a “ Coke upon Littleton” and a “Digest of the Virginia Acts," which he read for six weeks, and then went to Wifliamsburg to be examined for ad- mission to the bar. The board of examiners gave him a license with some reluctance, and evidently on other evidence of his ability than that of his knowledge of the law. He began practice in the autumn of 1760. His fee books, which were kept in a neat handwriting and in a methodical manner, have been preserved, and ll/Ir.William Wirt Henry gives a facsimile page of them. During the first year of practice he entered the names of sixty clients, and charged 175 fees. In the first three years he charged fees in 1,185 suits, besides fees for advice and for preparing papers out of court. The fees were moderate, the cases being the ordinary business of the county courts. Mr. J eiferson, in writing to Mr. VVirt, admits that Mr. Henry’s early practice at the bar was success- ful; but he accounts for it on the ground that it was “ chiefly a criminal business. From these poor devils it was always understood that he squeezed exhorbitant fees of £50, £100, and 1892.] 43 THE DIAL £200. From this source he made his great profits. His other business, exclusive of the criminal, would never, I amvsure, pay the ex- penses of his attendance.” This quotation oc- curs in a letter which Mr. Wirt did not use, and intended to suppress ; but it was printed in Dawson’s “Historical Magazine” for Au- gust, 1867, page 90, with much other slander of a similar character. In the facsimile page printed there is no fee so high as twenty shil- lings. “ His powers over a jury,” continues Mr. J efferson in this letter, “ were so irresist- ible that he received great fees for his services, and had the reputation of being insatiable in money. He purchased from Mr. Lomax the valuable estate on Smith’s river, on long credit, and finally paid for it in depreciated paper not worth oak leaves.” Mr. Wirt Henry shows that the last statement was false. The fee books also show that Patrick Henry’s legal practice was far greater, from the first, than Mr. Jefferson’s, as claimed by Mr. Randall, his biographer. Early in the fourth year of Mr. Henry’s practice (November, 1763), he was employed as counsel in the celebrated “ Parsons’ cause,” in the trial of which his great power as an ad- vocate was first brought to public notice. The Church of England was the established reli- gion of Virginia, and its ecclesiastical system was more exacting and tyrannical than that of New England. The annual pay of the clergy was fixed by the statute of 1696 at 16,000 pounds of tobacco, to be levied by the several vestries on the parishes. On account of drouth and short crops, the price of tobacco increased, and in 1758 the House of Burgesses passed an act making it lawful for debtors to pay tobacco dues and taxes in money at the rate of two pence per pound. The clergy generally ob- jected to the act, and petitioned the Bishop of London to use his influence with the King to annul it. The price of tobacco still further increased, as well as the discontent of the clergy; but the Assembly adhered to its stat- ute, and a bitter controversy ensued, which re- sulted in several clergymen bringing actions in the courts against parish collectors. One was brought by Rev. Mr. Maury, in the county court of Hanover, over which Patrick Henry’s father presided. The defendant pleaded the act of the Assembly, and the plaintiff demurred on the ground that the act had not been rati- fied by the King. The demurrer was sustained, nothing was left to be done in the case ex- cept to ascertain the damages. The trial came on with Patrick Henry as counsel for the de- fendant, his father on the bench, and his uncle, the Rev. Patrick Henry, an interested auditor. The only evidence introduced related to fix- ing the market price of tobacco, which was shown to be six pence per pound. The plain- tifi’s counsel stated to the jury that the de- cision of the court had narrowed the ques- tion down to the difference between two pence and six pence per pound on 16,000 pounds of tobacco. He deplored the existing popular feeling against the clergy, whom he eulogized for their charity and benevolence. Mr. Henry rose to reply with apparent embarrassment, and made a feeble exordium. The clergy ex- changed sly looks with each other, and the people hung their heads. A change in his de- meanor soon occurred, which his biographer thus describes: “ His attitude beame erect, his face lighted up, and his eyes flashed fire. His gestures became graceful and impressive, his voice and emphasis peculiarly charming. His appeals to the passions were overpower- ing. In the language of those who heard him, ‘he made their blood run cold and their hair to stand on end.’ In a word, to the astonishment of all, he suddenly burst upon them as an orator of the highest order.” His line of argument was wholly outside of the path marked out for him by the opposing counsel. He had not a word to say about to- bacco or its value. He discussed the funda- mental principles of society and government. The latter was a conditional compact, with mutual and dependent covena.nts——the King stipulating protection on the one hand, and the people obedience and support on the other. A violation of those covenants by either party discharges the other from obligation. The ne- cessities and distress of the people caused the enactment of the law of 1758, and it could not be annulled consistently with the compact be- tween King and people. By such action the King, from being the father of his people, would degenerate into a tyrant, and forfeit all right to the obedience of his subjects. At this point the opposing counsel cried out, “ The gentleman has spoken treason!” and the clergy repeated the word, “ Treason! Treason! ” Here was the keynote of the American Revo- lution, and nearly two years before the enact- ment of the Stamp Act. Henry then gave his attention to the clergy, and said: “ We have heard a good deal about the benevolence and holy zeal of our reverend clergy; but how is this manifested ‘P Do they show their zeal in the cause of religion and humanity by practicing the mild and be- nevolent precepts of the gospel of Jesus? Do they 44 [June, THE DIAL feed the hungry and clothe the naked ? Oh, no, gentle- men. On the other hand, these rapacious harpies would, were their powers equal to their will, snatch from the hearth of their honest parishioner his last hoe-cake; from the widow and orphan children their last milch cow, the last bed; nay, the last blanket from the lying- ln woman.” He then pictu'red the bondage of a people who are denied the privilege of enacting their own laws, and concluded by saying that under the ruling of the court the jury must find for the plaintiff ; but they could find damages for any amount they chose. The jury retired, and in five minutes returned with a verdict for the plaintifi with one penny damages. No report of the speech has been preserved; but those who heard it were never tired of talking about it. The line of argument and description of incidents, from which the above has been con- densed, appear in a letter of Mr. Maury, the plaintifi, to a brother clergyman. Henry’s conduct of “ the Parsons’ cause” greatly increased his law practice, and he soon appeared as counsel in an important case be- fore a committee of the Assembly at Williams- burg, where, said Judge Tyler, “ Such a burst of eloquence from a man so plain and ordi- nary in appearance struck the committee with amazement.” Judge Winston said he “had observed an ill-dressed young man sauntering in the lobby; and when the case came on he was surprised to find this person counsel for one of the parties, and still more when he de- livered an argument superior to any he had ever heard.” Mr. Henry was elected to the House of Burgesses in the spring of 1765, and took his seat May 20. He had not filled it three days when he was upon his feet to oppose a propo- sition to borrow a large sum of money partly to relieve the treasurer, John Robinson, who had also been speaker for many years, and had injudiciously loaned the public money to his personal friends in the Assembly. Mr. Jef- ferson, who never depreciated Mr. Henry’s ability as an orator, but stated to Mr. Wirt that “ Henry was the greatest orator that ever lived,” thus described the incident: “ Mr. Henry attacked the scheme in that style of bold, grand and overwhelming eloquence for which he became so justly celebrated afterward. I can never forget a particular exclamation of his in the debate, which electrified his hearers. It had been urged that the sudden exaction of the money loaned must ruin the debtors and their families; but with a little indulgence of time, it might be paid with ease. ‘ What, sir!’ ex- claimed Mr. Henry, ‘is it proposed, then, to reclaim the spendthrift from his dissipation and extravagance by filling his pockets with money?’ These expressions are indelibly impressed on my memory. He carried with him all the members of the upper counties, and left a minority composed merely of the aristocracy of the country. From this time his popularity grew apace; and Mr. Robinson dying a year afterward, his deficit was brought to light.” The Stamp Act, which had been enacted by Parliament in March, 1765, had reached the colonies, and was making a most profound sensation. Before Mr. Henry had been in his seat ten days, and while the leading statesmen of the land were pondering what to do, he wrote on a blank leaf of an old copy of “Coke upon Littleton” his famous “ Virginia Resolu- lutions concerning the Stamp Act,” and mov- ing them in the house, on May 29, made one of the three great speeches of his life—per- haps the greatest. Mr. Jefferson, who was then a student, heard the speech, and thus de- scribed it: “I attended the debate at the door of the lobby of the house, and heard the splendid display of Mr. Henry’s talents as a popular orator. i They were great indeed; such as I never heard from any other man. He ap- peared to me to speak as Homer wrote.” Again, writing to Mr. Wirt, Jefferson said: “They [Henry and Johnston] were opposed by Ran- dolph, Bland, Pendleton, \Vythe, and all the old mem- bers whose influence in the house had, till then, been unbroken; . . . but torrents of sublime eloquence from Henry, backed by the solid reasoning of Johnston, prevailed.” Judge Carrington, in a letter to Mr. Wirt, declared that Mr. Henry’s eloquence in the debate was beyond his powers of description. It was in this debate that Mr. Henry, treating of the tyranny of the obnoxious act, exclaimed, with a voice and gesture which startled the house: “Tarquin and Caesar had each his Brutus, Charles I. his Cromwell, and George III.-— “Treason l ” shouted the speaker, and “ Treason l Treason l ” echoed from every part of the house. Mr. Henry, fixing his eyes and gestures on th'e speaker, added, with a start- ling emphasis,—“may profit by their example l If this be treason, make the most of it.” It is not easy to see how Mr. Henry could have drawn the celebrated Stamp Act reso- lutions of 1765, which became the inspiration of similar resolutions in all the other colonies, if, as Mr. Jefferson wrote to Mr. Wirt, “ He could not draw a bill on the most simple sub- ject. There was no idea of accuracy in his head. He said the strongest things in the fin- est language; but without logic,‘ without ar- rangement, desultorily.” Nor how he could have made the impressive historical and clas- THE DIAL 45 sical allusions which abound in this and his other impromptu orations, if he read no books and owned no books. “ He never," wrote Mr. Jefferson, “ in conversation or debate, men- tioned a hero, a worthy, or a fact in Greek or Roman history, but so vaguely and loosely as to leave room to back out. That he read Livy once a year is a known impossibility. He may have read it once, but certainly not twice.” Such an instance of persistent, mean, and cow- ardly persecution as that with which Thomas Jefferson maligned the reputation of Patrick Henry after his death has no parallel in the annals of politics or literature. The grandson, however, in the life of his ancestor, makes very little comment on the fact, and from motives which will be readily understood. The parties were and are all Virginians, and they are loyal to the reputation of their state. The opening signal of the Revolution was Mr. Henry’s Virginia Resolutions. “ The first act of any of the colonies against the authority of an act of Parliament,” said Governor Hutch- inson, “ was in Virginia. Those resolves were expressed in such terms that many people, upon the first surprise, pronounced them treas- onable ” ; and he states that James Otis pub- licly expressed this opinion on King street in Boston. Governor Bernard wrote : “ The pub- lishing of the Virginia resolutions proved an alarm-bell to the disaffected.” Governor Gage wrote from New York: “The Virginia resolves gave the signal for a general outcry over the continent.” Mr. Jefferson said: “ Mr. Henry certainly gave the first impulse to the ball of the Revolution. Edmund Randolph said : “Mr. Henry plucked the veil from the shrine of par- liamentary omnipotence.” Edmund Burke, in his speech on American Taxation, said : “ The Virginia Resolutions were the cause of the in- surrections in Massachusetts and the other col- onies.” John Adams wrote thus to Mr. Henry, June 3, 1776, concerning his part in framing the constitution of Virginia: “I know of no one so competent to the task as the author of the first Virginia Resolutions against the Stamp Act, who will have the glory with posterity of beginning and concluding this great Revolu- tion.” It is to be regretted that no full report of any speech of Mr. Henry is extant. Probably no one was ever delivered from manuscript, and the reporter was not abroad in those days. The single speech by which his manner is best known was made up by Mr. VVirt, chiefly from the recollections of Judges John Tyler and St. George Tucker. It was delivered in the Virginia Assembly, March 23, 1775, on the question of arming the Colony. It begins, “ It is natural for man to indulge in illusions of hope ”-— every man and boy in the land knows it by heart and has declaimed it. It will be seen that it antedated by nearly a month the battle of Lexington; and yet, with the ken of a prophet, Henry said, “ The next gale which sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms.” How these words, passing from one to another, must have stirred the colonies! “ We must fight l —I repeat it, sir, we must fight! l An appeal to arms and the God of Hosts is all that is left us l ” When this speech was first printed, in 1817, persons were living who heard it delivered, and they testified to the accuracy of the report. George Mason, whose Life and Writings have recently appeared, knew Patrick Henry well, socially and in public life, and wrote of him thus, in 1774: “ He was by far the most powerful speaker I ever heard. Every word he says not only engages but com- mands the attention; and your passions are no longer your own when he addresses them. But his eloquence is the smallest part of his merit. He is, in my opinion, the first man upon this continent, as well in abilities as in public virtues; and had he lived in Rome about the time of the first Punic war, . . . Mr. Henry’s tal- ents must have put him at the head of that glorious commonwealth.” Virginia made Mr. Henry its first governor, and reelected him to five subsequent terms. The sixth he declined after he had been elected. His official correspondence during these years is printed in the volumes before us, and it re- futes the slander of Mr. Jefferson, that he could not write, was no man of business, and had no accuracy of idea in his head. The speeches printed are the shorthand reports of his remarks in the Virginia convention of June, 1788, convened to consider the ratifica- tion of the Federal Constitution. They are abstract, not verbatim, reports, and were not revised by their author. They probably give the substance of his remarks, but the precise words and the charm of his style are wanting. No praise of Mr. William Wirt Henry’s scholarly and impartial study of the subject, and of his simple and graceful style of writing the narrative, can be deemed extravagant. It is an easy and delightful work to read, and the author has. placed the student of American his- tory under lasting obligations to him. W. F. Poona; 46 THE DIAL [J une, OLD-TIME PLANTATION L1Fr:.* The readers of Mr. Joel Chandler Harris’s former volumes will certainly welcome the new book which has come from him under the title of “ On the Plantation,” and those who chance to see this book without having already read “ Uncle Remus " and the others, are very sure to go back and make their acquaintance also; for it is hard to take up one of these books without wanting to read all of them. There is nothing trite, nothing commonplace about Mr. Harris’s writings. He not only has a sim- ple, direct, and attractive style, but he has also something to tell, and something well worth telling; and it is doubtful if anyone else would have performed this task so well. It is claimed by some that his negro dialect is not always exactly correct ; but the negro dialect varies so constantly with slight changes of locality, that it is quite probable an exact reproduction of it as it was learned by Joe Maxwell around Hills- borough in northern Georgia would not seem exactly correct to the ear of one who had heard it in Mississippi or South Carolina, or even in Southern Georgia. However it may be about the dialect, it would be hard for anyone who knew the negro of that time even very imperfectly to believe that Mr. Harris does not faithfully portray the negro as he existed in the South at the time of the war. The old plantation negro and the old negro house-servant seem to live and talk again in his pages; and very interesting and attractive people they are, full of quaint good sense, full of affection, of good humor, and of natural courtesy. Why has the negro of to-day so completely lost the best traits that marked his race at that time? The good nature and humor are gone, and the courtesy is gone ; and what good qualities have taken their place ? The negro has become a voter, and in the effort to seem the peer of the whites he has copied many of the worst defects of unculti- vated white men, and has at the same time lost some characteristics of his own which once made his race attractive and lovable. It is a period of transition : let us hope that as it took a hundred years to transform the African savage into the gentle and lovable negro known on many a plantation before the war, so an- other hundred years may develop the negro of to-day into something much better than now *ON -rna PLANTATION! A Story of a Georgia Boy’s Ad- ventures during the War, By Joel Chandler Harris, author of “ Uncle Remus.” \Vith Illustrations. New York: D. Ap- pleton & Co. seems probable. It is sad that the overthrow of a great wrong like slavery must smite, for the time being, the victims as well as the op- pressors. “ On the Plantation,” unlike Mr. Harris’s previous books, is evidently founded directly on the story and experiences of his own boyhood. Although the preface tries playfully to per- suade the reader that it would be a mistake to put any credence in the narrative as autobi- ographical, it is impossible not to believe that Joe Maxwell is really the young Joel Chandler Harris. All the incidents of the book have that genuine and pleasing realism about them that convinces the reader that they happened, and were not imagined. Harris must have been the little boy who lived in the little town of Hillsborough in the days just before the war, and the little boy who on Tuesdays, when the Milledgeville papers arrived, could always be found at that quaint post-oflice, “curled up in the corner of the old green sofa, reading the Recorder and the Federal Union.” He was only twelve years old, but the boy, while full of spirit, was thoughtful, and evidently precocious; and in those days, when the fate of the nation hung in the balance, everyone, young and old, was interested in political dis- cussion. “ It so happened that those papers grew very inter- esting as days went by. The rumors of war had de- veloped into war itself. In the course of a few months two companies of volunteers had gone to Virginia from Hillsborough, and the little town seemed lonelier and more deserted than ever. Joe Maxwell noticed, as he sat in the post-office, that only a very few old men and ladies came after the letters and papers, and he missed a great many faces that used to smile at him as he sat reading, and some of them he never saw again. He noticed, too, that when there had been a battle or a skirmish the ladies and the young girls came to the post-office more frequently. When the news was very important, one of the best known citizens would mount a chair or a dry-goods box and read the telegrams aloud to the waiting and anxious group of people, and some- times the hands and the voice of the reader trembled.” But the war was afar off, in Virginia and in Kentucky, and the healthy little boy of twelve went on making the best of everything and getting the healthy boy’s usual amount of en- joyment out of his surroundings. The woods and fields were full of squirrels and rabbits, not to speak of the coons and foxes; and an occasional run-away negro, and the deserters from the army who hung around in the woods trying to see and succor their famished and neglected families, lent mystery and romance to the boy’s life. At about the beginning of the war, a Mr. 1892.] THE DIAL 47 Turner started the publication of The Country- man, a weekly paper “ modeled after Mr. Ad- dison’s little paper, The Spectator, Mr. Gold- smith’s little paper, T/ie Bee, and Mr. John- son’s little paper, The Rambler.” Mr. Turner wanted a boy to learn the printing business and to help on the paper. Joe Maxwell ap- plied for the situation, gained it, and was in- stalled “ on the Plantation.” It was a curious enterprise, the publication of this high-toned little newspaper, nine miles from a post-office, and devoted to the lofty discussion of politics and literature; but it was a success, from the start, and “ at one time had a circulation of two thousand copies.” The boy took kindly to his new home and his new business, and evi- dently found the life around him very enjoy- able. “ Joe Maxwell made two discoveries that he consid- ered very important. One was that there was a big library of the best books at his command, and the other was that there was a pack of well-trained harriers on the plantation. He loved books and he loved dogs, and if he had been asked to choose between the library and the harriers he would have hesitated a long time. The books were more numerous—there were nearly two thou- sand of them, while there were only five harriers—bnt in a good many respects the dogs were the liveliest. Fortu- nately, Joe was not called on to make any choice. He had the dogs to himself in the late afternoon and the books at night, and he made the most of both. More than this, he had the benefit of the culture of the editor of The Country/man and of the worldly experience of Mr. Snelson, the printer.” But we cannot follow the interesting story. Life was very active down on that remote plantation in the dark days of the war. The little paper was never neglected, but neither were the squirrels and the rabbits, nor the coons and the foxes. Joe and the dogs became fast friends, and found a wonderful amount of ex- ercise and adventure. The shadows of the war had little effect either on Joe or the dogs or the negroes. The last especially kept up their gai- ety and high spirits; and there are many charm- ing glimpses of them and of the old patriarchal life of which they were so important a part. Here is a bit of talk between two old house negroes and the little children of Mr. Turner, in one of the cabins, the night before Christ- mas - “ ‘ Dey tells me,’ said Aunt Crissy, in a subdued tone, ‘dat de cows know when Chris’mas come, an’ many’s de time I year my mammy say dat when twelve o’clock come on Chris’mas-eve night, de cows gits down on der knees in de lot an’ stays dat-away some little time. Ef anybody else had er tole me dat I’d a des hooted at um, but, mammy, she say she done seed um do it. I ain’t never seed urn do it myse'f, but mammy say she seed um.’ “‘I bin year talk er dat myse’f,' said Harbert, rev- erently, ‘an’ dey tells me dat dc cattle gits down an’ prays bekase dat’s de time when de Lord an’ Saviour wuz born’d.’ " ‘Now, don’t dat beat all!’ exclaimed Aunt Crissy. ‘ Ef de dumb creeturs kin say der pra’rs, I dunner what folks ought ter be doin'.’ " ‘ An’ da’rs dc chickens,’ Harbert went on—‘Look like dey know der's sump’n up. Dis ve’y night I year do roosters crowin’ fo’ sev’n o’clock. I year tell dat dey crows so soon in sign dat Peter made deniance un his Lord an’ Marster.’ “‘ I speck dats so,’ said Aunt Crissy. “ ‘ Hit bleedzc ter be so,’ responded the old man with the emphasis that comes from conviction.” Christmas morning—a great morning on the plantation —dawned bright and fine. “Before sunrise the plantation was in a stir. The negroes, rigged out il| their Sunday clothes, were laugh- ing, singing, wrestling and playing. Big Sam was even fuller of laughter and good-lunuor than his comrades, and while the negroes were waiting, his eyes glistening and his white teeth shining, he struck up the melody of a plantation play-song. In a few minutes the dusky crowd had arranged itself in groups, each and all joining in the song. No musical director ever had a more melodious chorus than that which followed the leadership of Big Sam. It was not a trained cho- rus, to be sure, but the melody that it gave to the winds of the morning was freightcd with a quality indescrib- ably touching and tender. “ In the midst of the song Mr. Turner appeared on the back piazza, and instantly a shout went up : “‘Chris’mas gif’, marster! Chris’mas gif'!’ and then, a moment later, there was a cry of ‘Cl1ris'n1as gif’, mistiss!’ " ' Where is Harbert?’ inquired Mr. Turner, waving his hand and smiling. “Here me, marster!’ exclaimed Harbert, coming forward from one of the groups. “ ‘ Why, you haven't been playing, have yon?’ “ ‘ I bin tryin' my ban’, suh, an’ I monst’us glad you come out, kaze I ain’t nimble like I useter wnz. Dey got me in de middle er dat ring dar, an’ I couldn’t git out nohow.’ '"Here are the store-room keys. door, and I will be there directly.’ “ It was a lively crowd that gathered around the wide door of the store-room. For each of the older ones there was a stiff dram apiece, and for all, both old and young, there was a present of some kind. . . . In spite of the war, it was a happy time, and Joe Maxwell was as happy as any of the rest.” Go and open the But the bright days passed, as bright days will do, and the heavy and black shadows of the war began to spread over the region round about the plantation. The deserters were more numerous, their families were suffering greater and greater hardships, and the battle clouds were drawing closer and closer. Atlanta had fallen (not, as Mr. Harris says, “ in J uly," but on the first of September), the mysterious ne- gro telegraph line was at work, and Harbert, 48 THE [J une, DIAL ___,__ _ ___ __._. the old servant, told Joe that the Federal army would soon be marching through that region. “ ‘ \Vho told you ? ' asked Joe. “ ‘ De word done come,’ replied Harbert. ‘ Hit bleedze to be so, kase all dc niggers done hear talk un it. We-all will wake up some er dese odd-come-shorts an’ fin’ de Yankees des a-swarmin’ all roun’ here.’ “ ‘ VVhat are going to do ? ’ Joe enquired, laughing. “ ‘ Oh, you kin laugh, Marse Joe, but deyer comin’. \Vhat I gwine do? Well, suh, I’m gwine ter git up an’ look at um, an’ maybe tip my hat at some er de big-bugs mungst um, an‘ den I’m gwine on ‘bout my business. I dont speck deyer gwine ter bodder folks what dout bodder dem, is dey ? ’ ” The brave little Countryman somehow kept on, only to die soon after the close of the war. ‘Va do not learn that it was once suspended, but whether it had to condescend to be printed on wall-paper, as was the case with more am- bitious sheets, we are not told. A complete file of the quaint little paper—to which, by the way, Joe Maxwell sometimes contributed —would certainly be a curiosity now-a-days. It would be a voice from a state of society that has forever passed away. At the close of the book, those who marched with General Sherman through that devoted region have a chance to know how they looked to the small Confederate urchins who watched them pass. Joe had seated himself on a fence beside the road, and began to Whittle on a rail. “ Before he knew it the troops were upon him. He kept his seat, and the Twentieth Army Corps, com- manded by General Slocum, passed in review before him. It was an imposing array as to numbers, but not as to appearance. For once and for all, so far as Joe was concerned, the glamour and romance of war were dispelled. The skies were heavy with clouds, and a fine irritating mist sifted down. The roud was more than ankle-deep in mud, and even the fields were boggy. There was nothing gay about this vast procession, with its tramping soldiers, its cluttering horsemen, and its lumbering wagons, except the temper of the men. They splashed through the mud, cracking their jokes and singing snatches of songs. “ Joe Maxwell, sitting on the fence, was the subject of many a jest, as the good-humored men inarched by. “ ‘ Hello, Johnny ? Where’s your parasol ?’ “ ‘ Jump down, Johnny, and let me kiss you good-by! ’ “ ‘ Jolmny, if you are tired, get up behind and ride !’ " ‘ Run and get your trunk, J ohnuy, and get aboard ! ’ ‘“He’s a bushwhaeker, boys. If he bats his eyes, I’m a-goin’ to dodge.’ “ ‘ Wherc’s the rest of your regiment, Johnny ‘P ’ “‘If there was another one of ‘em a-settin’ on the fence, on t’ other side, I’d say we was surrounded.’ " These and hundreds of other comments, exclama- tions, and questions, Joe was made the target of; and if he stood the fire of them with unusual calnmess, it was because this huge panorama seemed to him to be the outcome of some wild dream. That the Federal army should be plunging through that peaceful region, after all he had seen in the newspapers about Confed- erate victories, seemed to him to be an impossibility. The voices of the men, and their laughter, sounded vague and insubstantial. It was surely a dream that had stripped war of its glittering trappings and its fly- ing banners. It was surely the distortion of a dream that tacked onto this procession of armed men droves of cows, horses, and nmles, and wagon-loads of bat- teaux!" What a commentary on the “ pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war ” ! Mud- stained and soiled, through rain and mist, some- times hatless, sometimes shoeless, but seeing through the rain and mist the nearing end of that great wrong that had kept them so long from home and friends, the victorious veterans strode by, and it is no wonder the little Con- federate boy who had been nurtured on the editorials of the plantation C'ou-ntrg/man was blind to the sense of duty, the willing self-sac- rifice, the tireless toiling in a sacred cause, that rendered this weather-stained host “ all glori- ous within,” and gave them, dilapidated as they were, a noble and a martial bearing never more justly won. They could afford to be muddy a11d weather-stained, and to abandon themselves to the hilarious enjoyment of their rough jokes and songs. They had saved their country, and with it the old plantation and the little boy who sat upon the fence. The army of General Sherman was the har- binger of a new order of things. It was the rough final blow that laid low the giant re- bellion and finally brought peace and “ the lifting up of a section from ruin and poverty to prosperity; the molding of the beauty, the courage, the energy, and the strength of the old civilization into the new, the gradual up- lifting of a lowly race. . . . A larger world beckoned to Joe Maxwell, and he went out into it; . . . but the old plantation days still live in his dreams.” It is a pity that in this day of many books there is so little room for such a fresh and genu- ine one as this. Such books are covered up and lost sight of under scores of new publications that never ought to have been issued. In the multitude, little discrimination is observed. Al- most all are praised moderately; few strongly; and still fewer are condemned. Readers are be- wildered, and spend their time over absolutely worthless books, while “ books that are books,” like this, are lost sight of and neglected. Oh, for a higher standard among publishers, read- ers, and reviewers! A hundred volumes of to-day might well fail and disappear, to make room for one fresh, wholesome, genuine book 1s92.] THE DIAL 49 like “On the Plantation”; full as it is of the odors of the woods and fields, full of kindly and picturesque sketches of simple and un- conventional people, both white and black, full of truth and nature, but with no over- strained and degrading realism, no sensational working up of effects. It is a pleasure to read the book, and a greater pleasure to accord it this honest meed of praise. ALEXANDER C. MCCLURG. GREEK PAPYRI IN EGYP'1‘IAN ToMBs.* The finding of written documents in the fab- ric of Egyptian mummy cases, by W. Flinders Petrie, in 1889, attracted the attention of all interested in the land of the Nile. These dis- coveries, remarkable in many ways, have been explained and elaborated by Professor Ma- hafiy, in a work of absorbing interest not only to Egyptologists, but to classical scliolars, and to students of history, jurisprudence, and pa- lzeography as well. While Mr. Petrie was ex- ploring the necropolis of Tell Gurob, on the shores of the vanished Lake Moeris, he noticed that some of the mummy cases were made of layers of papyri glued together and painted. In these he detected traces of writing, and straightway set about the almost hopeless task of separating and cleaning the various frag- ments. The ink in many places was entirely effaced by the glue or the lime used to form a surface for coloring. But through good for- tune and great care, he rescued a large num- ber of more or less legible lines, and brought them to England. Here they were committed to the very competent hands of A. H. Sayce and J. P. Mahaffy, who sorted, arranged, and began to decipher them. Soon it became ap- parent that the mutilated pieces from which later generations had made a kind of pap-ier maché for burial purposes, were portions of the valued and official papers of their prede- cessors who lived in the third century before Christ. There is hardly anything in literary annals more delightful than the account of the days spent at Oxford in the Long Vacation of 1890, by the two scholars, in pormg over these most strangely revealed records of the past. Gradu- ally there emerged the remains of a very care- ‘Tar. FLINDER9/-PETRIE Parvnr. With Transcriptions, Commentaries, and Index. By the Rev. John P. Mahaffy, D.D., LL.D. Antotypes I. to XXX. (“Cunningham Me- moin" No. VIII.) Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. fully and beautifully written roll containing the Phwclo of Plato, in an earlier text than any heretofore known, and probably represent- ing its condition before it was edited by the critics of Alexandria. Then there came to light portions of three pages of the last act of Euripides’ celebrated play of Antiope, which we have only in an imperfect condition, going far to complete it. Next appeared a few short pieces of poetry, seeming to be elegant extracts for the use of schools, some fragments of the Iliad containing several terminations and be- ginnings of lines not to be found in any known manuscript of Homer, but identified in part with a passage in the Eleventh Book; scraps from other classic authors, a quotation from a lost play, and a page from a discourse on Good Fellowship, all writ in the purest Greek. One small fragment has a curious interest and importance. It is from the work of Alki- damas, the contemporary and rival of Isocra- tes, entitled the M0use'i0n, the original tract which supplied part of the material for the ex- tant “Contest of Homer and Hesiod.” The book known by this name was produced by some Hellenistic sophist not earlier than the second century A.D., since it cites an opinion of the Emperor Hadrian. Twenty years ago a German scholar, F. Nietzche, made a critical examination of it and the legend it is based upon, and, from a few stray hints in the only known authorities, came to the conclusion that the story of the Contest was old and widely spread long before Hadrian’s day, that our present account of it was put together by its author from ancient materials of which the main source was the Moztseion of Alkidamas, from whom the contest of the two great poets received its earliest literary form, and that cer- tain lines were literally transcribed from the original work, and were not the invention of a later day as some claimed. The text here recovered brilliantly confirms the judgment of this acute critic. It shows that the Contest was not an invention of Hadrian’s age, but ex- isted in much the same form four hundred years earlier, that it then probably had great popularity, and that the reading which Nietzche defends was the reading in the third cen- tury B.C., and therefore almost certainly the genuine text. It rarely happens to a scholar in this field to receive such unexpected proof of the correctness of a theory, and to have it proved to be based upon such profound learn- ing and sagacity. Together with these classical treasures were 5° THE DIAL [June, many legal or official documents, bearing dates which were a great surprise to their investiga- tors. Up to this time no Greek papyri had been discovered in Egypt of a period before the Christian era. But here was a long series of official copies of wills, labor accounts, records of judgments and other papers in the Grecian language, unmistakably dated in the reigns of the second and third Ptolemies, or from 280 to 220 13.0. There were also portions of pri- vate letters, some in clear and beautiful hand- writing, begging petitions, acknowledgments of money received, and reports of work done, all of about the same period, imbedded in these cases. The private letters were usually written on long narrow strips of papyrus which have been torn in two by the coffin makers, and so mutilated that it is diflicult to decipher their meaning. The writing was, however, peculi- arly large and fine, by way of showing respect, or as evidence of politeness, as Professor Ma- hafi"y supposes. He instances the words of St. Paul: “See with what large letters I have written you in mine own hand.” One epistle from a steward to his employer, Sosiphanes, is complete except the writer’s name. It opens with a greeting and much thanks to the Gods that his master is well, and informs him that the whole vineyard has been planted and the climbing vines attended to, that the olive yard has yielded six measures, and that they are making conduits and watering; which shows that vines and olive trees were then cultivated in the district of the Fayoum. Qnly such a scholar as M-ahafl"y could have reconstructed from these fragmentary materi- als, and the stores of his own learning, the his- tory of the Grecian colony in Egypt to 'which these resurrected manuscripts belonged. But he has made it as vivid as though the men who read and enjoyed these classic works, who executed these wills and contracts and wrote these letters, were living in our midst to-day. We see the Greek soldiers of Ptolemy Phila- delphus, who paraded the streets of Alexandria at his coronation, dismissed with handsome gifts, and settled as landed proprietors on the fertile slopes around Lake Moeris. So minute are the descriptions of them in some of these papers that we know from whence they came, whether Thrace, Arcadia, or Argos ; their age and height, their features, the color of their hair, and whether it was straight or curly, their battle scars, usually about the head, and the names of the old regiments in which they had served, whether the cavalry or the heavy- armed infantry. \Ve see them engaged in the culture of the vine and the olive, transacting business, and introducing Grecian customs, forms, and literature. We read the evidences of similar settlements of Grecian veterans in this part of the Fayoum under later kings, and the indications that when called to foreign wars under the military tenure by which they held the soil, a native insurrection broke out at home. And they doubtless returned to find themselves dispossessed, and unable to recon- quer their lands; and so their precious things were despised by those of another race, and their books and letters and documents were discarded, and the fragments put to the cu- rious use which has preserved them to our day. The subject proper is enriched by the learned author of this Memoir with most interesting disquisitions upon papyri in general, the de- motic writing, the bibliography of Ptolemaic Greek documents, the history of the times of the first two Ptolemies, the texts of the Petrie Papyri, and the palaaographical results of their decipherment, each most worthy to be the theme of a separate and special article. There is space only to indicate some of the principal conclusions which Professor Mahaffy derives from the marvellous discovery of the Flinders Petrie Papyri. He finds these to be the recov- ery of by far the oldest specimens of any clas- sical text the modern world has yet seen, and of the best of all the classical manuscripts found in Egypt ; ample materials for new stud- ies of the times of the Ptolemies and for a his- tory of them such as has not yet been written; the reconsideration of the hitherto accepted theory of jurists as to the development of the right of bequest; and much new light upon the rapidly expanding science of Greek pala2- ography. He tells us, as he well may, that this Memoir contains materials enough to satisfy the most exacting lover of antiquarian novel- ties. But it is the privilege of the lover of an- tiquarian novelties of Egypt never to be satis- fied, for each year reveals some new wonder of this kind; and hence, as Professor Mahaffy says, that he has still in hand a store of un- separated fragments sent him by Mr. Petrie from this same wonderful source, which he is now endeavoring daily to explicate and to read, we may confidently hope to be ere long de- lighted with the revelation of still other treas- ures from among these papyri, so marvellously preserved and brought to light. EDWARD G. MASON. 1892.] 51 THE DIAL \ RECEN1‘ BOOKS or POETRY.* “ If nature loves thee, so doth conquering time ; The lyre that sixty years ago was strung i To beauty, when thy song of morn was sung, Time touched with thee till beauty grew sublime. The voice which ravished, in that morning rhyme, Ears of a. day now dead and lit its tongue, Grown now to godlike —neither old nor young — i Rings through the world in an immortal prime.” “The voice grown now to godlike.” In this happy phrase Mr. Theodore Watts describes the impression made upon all ears fit to hear by the work of Lord Tennyson’s latest years. There is in- deed something divinely spiritual, something beyond the ken of mere earthly soul-vision, in such poems as “ Locksley Hall Sixty Years After,” “Demeter,” “Teiresias,” and “Crossing the Bar.” And, al- though the dramatic form does not permit this , quality so distinctly to appear, it is not wanting in either “Becket” or “The Foresters.” Mr. Ruskin says, in words that appeal to our deepest racc-con- sciousness, that “we are rich in an inheritance of ‘ honor, bequeathed to us through a, thousand years of noble history, which it should be our daily thirst ' Tm: Foazsrzns: Robin Hood and Maid Marian. By Al- fred. Lord Tennyson. New York : Macmillan & Co. Poizus BY was WAY. Written by William Morris. Bos- » ton: Roberts Brothers. MARAH. By Owen Meredith. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. Posus. By lvilliam ‘Watson. New York: Macmillan & Co. P0'rIrH. ’s VVI1"a, and Other Poems. By Sir Edwin Ar- nold. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Our: 11¢ rue Ixrrmrs. By George Francis Savage-Arm- strong, M.A., I). Lit. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. LYRICS OF THE HUDSON. By Horatio Nelson Powers. Boa- ton: D. Lothrop Co. Tm: DEAD NYMPH, and Other Poems. By Charles Henry Liidem. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. In rua Crrv BY rm: LAKE. By Blanche Fearing. Chi- cago: Searle & Gorton. LYn.lcs. By Cora F abbri. New York: Harper & Brothels. Poems. By Maurice Thompson. Boston: Houghton, Mif- 1 flin & Co. ' FLASKS AND Fmooxs, Pastels and Profiles, Vistas and Landscapes. By Francis S. Saltus. Buffalo: Charles “’ells i Moulton. DREAMS AFTER Suxssr. Poems by Francis S. Saltus. Buf- falo: Charles “Tells Moulton. Ssuwrlm Posms BY WALT Wm-rusx. Edited by Ar- r thur Stedmau. New York: C. L. \Vehster & Co. Ssuscrso Poims or Rossn-r Bonus. With an Introduc- tion by Andrew Lang. New York : Imported by Charles ‘ Sci-ibner’s Sons. Ponrrxczu. V1-zass. Edited by George Saintsbnry. New York: Macmillan & Co. TRIBUTES ro Snsnasrzsnz. Collected and Arranged by Mary R. Silsby. New York: Harper & Brothers. Tar. LITERARY REMAINS or Cnaunns STUART Csnvsnnr. “Tith a Memoir by Sir \Valter J. Sendall, K.C.M.G. New York: Macmillan & Co. Tmrocnn-us Tnsssmrsn mro Ermusn Vans!-1. By C. S. Calverly. New York: Macmillan & Co. Tar. Ham. or l)1m-rs Amonxsm. Edited, with Transla- . tion and. Notes, by Arthur John Butler. New York: Mac- millan & Co. Tm: Divnn-: COMKDY or D/mrs Auonnml. Translated by Charles Eliot Norton. Vol. II., Purgatory. Boston: Hough- ton, Mifllin & Co. i habitual with him. to increase with splendid avarice, so that English- men, if it be a sin to covet honor, should be the most offending souls alive.” It will ever be to us a. cause for peculiar gratitude toward the great modern poet of our race, that, like Shakespeare, his genius should have been in large measure conse- crated to the task of deepening the emotion associ- ated with the more significant epochs of our “thou- sand years of noble history.” In “' The Foresters,” even the familiar story of Robin Hood is given a new significance, deeper than usually attaches to it, for it is made to foreshadow the new day of free- dom whose dawn was at Runnymede. " I think they will be mightier than the King " is the pregnant verse in which Robin Hood prophe- sies the outcome of the growing strength of the barons. As for the purely poetic charm of the work, nothing, perhaps, may be more fitly said than that it makes the forest glades of Sherwood as enchanted . a spot as those of Arden were made by Shakespeare. We must find place at least for one lyric: “ To sleep I to sleep! the long bright day is done, And darkness rises from the fallen sun. To sleep! to sleep! \Vhata’er thy joys, they vanish with the day ; Whate’er thy griefs, in sleep they fade away. To sleep! to sleep l Sleep, mournfnl heart, and let the past be past! Sleep, happy soul ! all life will sleep at last. To sleep l to sleep! ” Aside from the songs, “The Foresters” does not readily lend itself to quotation. Its beauty is not found in patches, but rather in its unity of emo- tional appeal and its sustained purity of style. Mr. Morris’s “Poems by the Way” include songs and ballads (some of the latter translations from i the wealth of Danish literature), and a few lyrics of socialism, or, rather, paeaus in its praise and prophecies of its triumph. The poems are charac- terized by that simplicity of diction at which Mr. Morris has always aimed, and with peculiar success in recent years, and by that afiectation of Teutonic archaism which almost ceases to be felt as affectation because of the great nobility and purity of the style. Mr. Morris has lived so long among the sagas that he has become a real sagaman himself, and a more primitive form of speech than ours has become In the poem of “ The Three Seekers,” for example, there are 783 words alto- gether, and of these only seventy-three, including l compounds, are of more than one syllable. Beyond three-syllabled words the vocabulary of the poem does not go, and to count a. meagre dozen of these we have to include such forms as “summer-tide,” “overlong,” and “anything." The proportion of long words is hardly greater in the beautiful poem of “ Iceland First Seen,” opening as follows: “ Lo from our loitering ship a new land at last to be seen ; Toothed rocks down the side of the firth on the east guard a weary wide lea, And black slope the hillsides above, striped adown with their desolate green: And a peak rises up on the west from the meeting of cloud and of sea, 52 THE [J une, DIAL Foursquare from base unto point like the building of Gods that have been, The lust of that waste of the mount.ains, all cloud-wreathed and snow-flecked and gray, And bright with the dawn that began just now at the ending of day. “ Ah l what came we forth for to see that our hearts are so hot with desire 1’ Is it enough for our rest, the sight of this desolate strand, And the mountain-waste voiceless as death but for winds that may sleep not nor tire ? Why do we long to wend forth through the length and the breadth of a land, Dreadful with grinding of ice, and record of scarce hidden fire, But that there mid the grey grassy dales sore scarred by the ruining streams Lives the tale of the Northland of old and the undying glory of dreams?” This is English reduced to its lowest terms, yet who will venture to say that it has lost anything of its dignity or force? The posthumous volume of her husband’s poems just given to the public by Lady Lytton is not with- out interest, although it adds but a slight increment to the author's reputation. Its prevailing note is that of pessimism, as the title “ Marah ” indicates, but the pessimism is not of the robust objective sort that we find in Omar Khayyzim and Schopen- hauer, or even in Leopardi; it does not embrace the world of humanity in its grasp; it is the pes- simism of mood, not of temper. Like most of Owen Mereditlfs later work, this deals too largely in ab- stractions to make a strong appeal to the poetic sense. But it has, at its best, compactness of thought, and its thought is carefully and logically worked out. The poems are all short, and are arranged in a sort of sequence, something as the sonnets in Ros- setti’s “ House of Life” are arranged. Their gen- eral theme is the bitterness of disappointed love. “Antagonisms," which we quote, is at once a good and a typical example: “ Ah, who can reconcile the Brain and Heart ? Reason and Passion ? Thought and Sentiment ? Genius and \Voman ? Far they tend apart, And only meet in terrible dissent. “Genius, suflicing to itself, abounds In its own being. Love can but fulfil Its being in another. \Vornan founds Her power upon the ruins of Man's will. " The love she gives him costs a kingdom’s price, Tho’ freely given the gift. It takes away His grandeur from him. And that sacrifice She neither understands, nor can repay." This is obviously the language of philosophy rather than of poetry, but as such it has form and force. Only a series of excerpts more extensive than our limits permit would do adequate justice to the “Poems” of Mr. \Villiam \Va.tson. There is an ode to “Autumn ” with such lines as these: “ Stilled is the virgin rapture that was June, And cold is August’s panting heart of fire; And in the storm-dismantled forest-choir For thine own elegy the winds attune Their wild and wizard lyre." Then we come upon a tribute to the memory of Matthew Arnold, couched in such terms as the fol- lowing: “ But he preserved from chance control The fortress of his ’stablisht soul ; In all things sought to see the whole ; Brooked no disguise ; And set his heart upon the goal, Not on the prize. Then there are finely-chiselled epigrams like this on “Shelley and Harriet Westb1'ook,” which certainly will find no one cruel enough to describe it as “ chatter about Harriet”: “ A star look’d down from heaven and loved a. flower Grown in earth’s garden — loved it for an hour; "‘ Let eyes that trace his orbit in the spheres Refuse not, to a mined rosebud, tears.” Last of all, there is the noble poem entitled “Words- worth’s Grave,” almost worthy to stand beside Matthew A1-nold’s “ Thyrsis,” a poem whose half hundred stanzas are all as beautiful as these open- ing ones: I " The old, rude church, with bare, bald tower, is here; Beneath its shadow high—born Rotha flows; Rotha, remembering well who slumbers near, And with cool murmur lulling his repose. “ Rotha, remembering well who slumbers near. His hills, his lakes, his streams are with him yet. Surely the heart that read her own heart clear Nature forgets not soon ; ’tis we forget. “ \Ve that with vagrant soul his fixity Have slighted ; faithless, done his deep faith wrong; Left him for poorer loves, and bowed the knee To misbegotten strange new gods of song. “ Yet, led by hollow ghost or beckoning elf Far from her homestead to the desert brown, The vagrant soul returning to herself, “Iearily wise, must needs to him return.” The verses of Sir Edwin Arnold excite various kinds of interest, but among them the poetic inter- est is hardly included. They open to us new vistas of thought; they give us glimpses of alien modes of feeling, but they do not stir us deeply. In the collection just published. we have three groups of pieces, Egyptian, J apanese, and miscellaneous. The selection of “ Potiphar’s “fife” for the subject of a serious poem was hardly a happy one. It is a sub- ject that literature has never been willing to take seriously, and all its literary associations are against such treatment. In this volume, as elsewhere, the author is at his best when inspired by the wisdom of India. For once, when he translates from the “ Dhammapada,” he forgets conceits and strikes a vein of genuine poetry. “ One in the Infinite” is a volume of over four hundred pages, and we learn from it that Mr. George Francis Savage-Armstrong, the author, has published eight other volumes of verse approaching it in size. This is certainly a prodigious output, when we consider that it represents work of a con- siderable degree of excellence; verse carefully thought out and generally correct in form. The volume before us is a sort of spiritual Pilgrim’s Pro- gress embodied in some two hundred short:poems THE DIAL 53 intensely subjective in utterance. It gives expres- sion to the varying moods of a soul cast adrift from the moorings of faith, its tempest-buffeted course, and the peace of the final haven with its broader outlook and serener sky. Many a reader of this modern age will find in the book a faithful tra.n- script of what his own soul has experienced, and accord it awarmer welcome than it merits on tech- nical grounds alone. - Yet it is not without distinct- ive excellence of form, as it runs the gamut of doubt and despair, of new-dawning hope and ulti- mate peace. Its exultant closing chord may be taken as an illustration: “ O, with what light this fragile mind may steer Through the thick mists its dim and devious way, I, having walked with Night and dwelt with Fear, One Truth have found, one steadfast Voice obey. I, waited through the immeasurable Deep, Know not to what far Good my life is borne; Yet, whether on my way I wake or sleep, I wander not amid the vast forlorn ; He guides whose storms, that o’er the midnight sweep, Melt in the scarlet radiances of morn.” This stanza may be taken as offering an epitome of both the faults and the merits of Mr. Savage- Armstrong's work. We should hardly say that the latter are outweighed by the former. “Lyrics of the Hudson” is the title of a posthum- ous volume by Dr. H. N. Powers, edited, with a memorial introduction, by Mr. Oscar Fay Adams. It was never the author's aim to scale the higher peaks of Parnassus; he was contented with the conquest of its gentler ascents, but his outlook, the conquest once made, was free and fair. In this volume, as in the two others that bear his name, he muses in tranquil contentment upon nature and human life. His religious reflections have no bur- den of theological dross; they speak from the heart to the heart. Nothing could well be more perfect, in their simple way, than “Behind the Veil" and “A Rural Church.” We take these stanzas from the latter, a poem fairly to be matched with Bryant's best work: “ Near by are sumptuous hills, and lordly trees Their summits crown and fringe the pools below, Where, under their majestic canopies, Daisies and golden-hearted lilies blow. “ It is the Sabbath, and the summer morn Is sweet with flowers, and birds, and new-mown hay,- As if a spirit breathed, and life new born Blossomed in all that glorifies the day. “ Within, the church is redolent with blooms Fresh from the fields whose orisons they bear: G0d’s peace is on them, and their smile relumes The hopes of hearts aweary with their care." Such verses bring a benediction with them, as Mr. Adams suggests. And we can easily understand how, as he further says, “ to have known the writer in his bodily presence is to have felt that same benediction strike deep down among all the fibres of one’s mortal being.” The final summons came to Dr. Powers in the years of his ripeness; to Charles Henry Lllders it came in the years of promise but partly fulfilled. The volume in which his scattered poems have been collected, and for which Mr. Frank Dempster Sherman stands sponsor, exhibits unusual qualities of finish, grace, and strength. Imagination, too, is not wanting, as may be shown by the little poem called “Star-Dust,” which must be our sole selec- tion from the v0lume’s various wealth. " Innumerable ages since,-— before The Sun's gold paled to silver on the moon, Or earth ran round to take on both their hues,— A monstrous bubble, out of Chaos blown, Swelled through the dusk, grew luminous, and lit All space an instant; then, with ringing shock, Bnmt,— and from out the jewelled mist there swung Millions of stars to glow forevermore ! " “ In the City by the Lake,” Miss Fearing’s sec- ond volume of poems, consists of two long narra- tives in blank verse. Their scene is laid in Chi- cago, their incidents are mostly commonplace, and their burden is tragic. They embody a passionate revolt against the conventionalities of a complex civilization and the industrial conditions of modern life, and a socialism of the nobler sort is their sug- gested remedy. It was evident to readers of Miss Fearing’s remarkable first volume that her strength was in rhymed and lyric measures rather than in blank verse, and the verse of these new poems ex- hibits little or no advance. Perhaps this is mainly due to the fact that its flight is impeded by the hopelessly prosaic character of the majority of the incidents described. The author has commit- ted herself to a realism that makes poetry well nigh impossible. If a poet will sing about such things, for example, as a. young married couple set- ting up their ménage, nothing better than the fol- lowing is likely to result, whatever be the talent of the writer: “ So Edith Earle and Walter Grey were wed, And made their nest up in a pleasant fiat, Upon a quiet street, and merrily chirruped And sang like birds about its furnishing." \Vhen Miss Fearing deals with the real subject- matter of poetry, the product is of a very different sort, as we may see from this, which is but one of a hundred equally fine passages: “I could hear The timid pulses in the veins of flowers, The dazed stars tripping on the robes of dawn, The soft wing-music of the passing hours, Strange melody from spheres beyond our own, The low—toned planets, and the Huts-like wail Of patient suns that feed their worlds with light Through linked forevers. I could see the eve Distilling its bright dews far up in heaven. I saw the sun and ocean making clouds, The opening of new buds, the birth of worlds ; And yet, through all my journey ’s weary length, The glory of her smile was everywhere, Clothing the whole world with nn nureole. The music of her voice was everywhere, Girdling the world with melody.” It is impossible not to be impressed by the sincerity of all of Miss Fearing’s work, and by the beauty and power of considerable portions of it. The “Lyrics” of Miss Fabbri make it evident that the premature death of the writer was a real 54 THE DIAL [J une, loss to poetry. Imperfect as is their workmanship in many instances, there is enough of good work with the true singing quality to make it clear that the writer would have gone far, as the French say, had she lived. Take, for example, this triolet: " The sweet blue iris stars the stream, And green woods are alive with song. The wild pink-petaled roses dream, The sweet blue iris stars the stream, And two gold-throated linnets seem To sing their hearts out all day long. The sweet blue iris stars the stream, And green woods are alive with song. It is a trifle, indeed, but many of Shelley’s lyrics are no more, and it is absolutely perfect in its way. Here is another example of the exquisite work of which the writer was capable: “ God spoke to her, and so she fell asleep. I laid a white fair lily on her heart, And when I saw her face I could not weep. “It had the peace Death only understands; And when I knew she would not wake on earth I laid my heart between her folded hands. “ God spoke to her so softly. saying: ‘ Rest.’ And when she wakes in heaven, she will find My lily and my heart upon her breast.” Like most young writers, Miss Fabbri could not es- cape at times from merely echoing the form and passion of other poets. The following stanzas from “ Memoria in Eterna ” will illustrate this: “ O Heart, do you remember How close the violets grew ? How drooping willows touched us And gold sun-swords pierced through ? I talked, as men do ever, Of loves that falter never, Of lives no hand can sever, Of hearts forever true. “ I talked, as men do ever, Of all that was to be. God filled my folded flowers With thorns I could not see. Dear as a cherished token, Fleet as a love-word spoken, My dreams lie shattered, broken, In death's eternal sea." These lines are so beautiful that we need not be greatly concerned at the fact that Mr. Swinburne’s “The Garden of Proserpine” alone made them possible. It is at least equally certain that Mr. Swinburne’s poem could not have been written ex- cept by a reader of Miss Rossetti’s “ Dream Land,” and perhaps even that poem had itself some un- traced antecedent. The deeper one goes into the study of origins, the more perplexing it becomes. Mr. Maurice Thompson, in one of his recently published “Poems,” observes: " O lark ! I mark, Since Shelley died, thy wings have somewhat failed.” The observation would probably have occurred to the reader in any case, for the poem is an ode “To an English Skylark,” and the wing-failure is very obvious. The chaotic metrical form of this poem and many of its fellows makes it impossible to take them very seriously. Mr. Thompson sings of many other birds besides skylarks —of nightingales, for example — but “ the clarion ” of Shelley and Keats most certainly " is whist” in his numbers, to use his own enigmatical phrase. As he elsewhere re- marks, the beauty of such things " inexpressible is Except by some song-wrought antholysis ” of a sort that he seems unable to effect. Of the oriole~“ Spring’s favorite lampadephore," he says. rather obscurely,— “ A hot flambeau on either wing Rimples as you pass me by ; ’T is seeing flame to hear you sing, ’Tis hearing song to see you fly,” which, although it may be rhyme, is certainly not reason. But Mr. Thompson sometimes casts aside eccentricity, and pens a pretty poem, such as “ At- alanta ": “ lvhen Spring grows old, and sleepy winds Set from the south with odors sweet, I see my love in green cool groves, Speed down dusk aisles on shining feet. “ She throws a kiss and bids me run, In whispers sweet as roses’ breath ; I know I cannot win the race, And at the end I know is death. “ But joyfully I bare my limbs, Anoint me with the tropic breeze, And feel through every sinew thrill The vigor of Hippomenes. " O race of love! we all have run Thy happy course through groves of spring, And cared not, when at last we lost, For life or death, or anything! ” We have heretofore noticed the work of Mr. F. S. Saltus, who died recently at a very early age, and whose poems are now in process of publication. Two volumes have recentlyiappeared in addition to the two that we have already reviewed, and one of them contains the statement that over five thousand pieces are included in the literary remains of this precocious and industrious versifier. Little or none of the work thus far published has any sort of fin- ish, and no evidence is afforded of its author’s pos- session of a true poetic gift. Facility seems to have been fatal to whatever talent may have lurked in embryo within his consciousness. The suggestion that he was a second Baudelaire, charitably made by the friend to whom one of the volumes is dedicated, is particularly amusing. He undoubtedly imitates Baudelaire in the baser moods of the French poet’s genius, but he only produces the impression of a writer bent upon showing how very naughty he can be. The last volume that we reviewed was wholly given over to this sort of thing; in those now before us it only appears intermittently. “ Dreams after Sunset " includes about a hundred and twenty~five miscellaneous pieces, many of them personal. “Flasks and Flagons ” is a collection of sonnets devoted to the praise of alcohol in its various disguises. Nearly everything that a man can drink, from absinthe to beer, receives its special tribute of song. Coupled 1892.] 55 THE DIAL with this series of sonnets is another series, called “Pastels and Profiles,” and addressed to historical characters from Caligula to Frederick the Great. This volume also includes a number of “ poems of places,” under the general title, “ Vistas and Land- scapes." Mr. \Vhitman, not long before his death, yielded to the urgent solicitation of friends that a selection of his poems might be published. Mr. Arthur Sted- man undertook the work, and the result is a small volume of “Selected Poems” in whose preparation much skill and taste have been evinced. One of the reasons why the American public has been slow to recognize the genius of the great man so recently taken from our midst is doubtless to be found in his own insistence upon being either accepted or re- jected as awhole. The English public received bet- ter treatment, for Mr. VV. M. Rossetti’s selection ap- peared in 1867, and to that selection was doubtless due the very general recognition of Mr. Whitman's powers by the English critics and readers. It is rather humiliating to be taught by another country — even by our own mother-country — to appreciate the work of one of our own poets, but precisely that has been our experience in this case. Our general public has not yet learned the lesson, and Mr. Sted- man's volume will prove very helpful in its inculca- tion. After all, it is only in some sort of selection that it is possible for \Vhitman to live, but it is safe to predict that, in some such form as the pres- ent, his work will live as long as anything hitherto produced in our literature. The essentials of poetry exist in his work, and are sure of their impression if they have a chance to make it, but they are so nearly swamped by cacophonous catalogues and a vague and vaporous philosophy that the search for them is really too discouraging for the average reader, who ought very heartily to thank Mr. Sted- man for saving him the trouble. Probably no other man living, on the whole, was better fitted than Mr. Lang to edit a. selection from the poems of Robert Burns, and the volume which he has prepared for the “Parchment Library” is nearly perfect, both as an example of editorial work and of book-making. Mr. Lang is at once enough of a Scotchman to fully appreciate the singular beauty and the verbal felicities of his great fellow-country- man's Work, and enough of a literary cosmopolitan to preserve a due sense of proportion in his esti- mate. The Scotsman pure and simple is too “ touchy” upon the subject of Burns to be a fair judge, and the Englishman -— even if, like Mr. Mat- thew Arnold, he have the truest of poetical insight and the best will in the world—is still shut off from that intimate sympathy which is essential to such a task. The fact is that too many Scotsmen praise without knowledge, and that, as the present editor remarks, “ In some places the enthusiasm of his birthday suppers would be chilled if anyone brought in a copy of the poems and asked for a few f explanations”; while to English students the fact 1 also is that Burns *‘ is, and must be, a foreign clas- | 11 sic. Mr. Lang’s introductory essay of fifty pages is a model of its kind. The pieces selected number about twenty-five miscellaneous poems, and more than double that number of songs. They include nearly everything that helps to make the poet im- mortal, and they are printed with careful regard to text and orthography. Mr. Saintsbury’s little volume of selected “Po- litical Verse" performs a really useful work. It collects the more famous satirical pieces of our lit- erature, all the way from Skelton to Mr. H. D. Traill. “ Some such verse,” says Mr. Saintsbury (with that peculiar disregard for conventional En- glish that has made him an authority upon the sub- ject of prose style), “ have been very popular in their own time.” Spenser, Marvell, Dryden, Defoe, Prior, Swift, Akenside, Churchill, Canning, Byron, Moore, Praed, and Thackeray, are represented, as well as “ Peter Pindar," “ The Rolliad,” and “ The Anti-Jacobin.” There are a few notes, both with the poems and at the end of the volume. Miss Silsby’s collection of “Tributes to Shake- speare ” is an admirable little book. The tributes are poetical (at least they have the form of verse), with the exception of a few very brief prose pas- sages placed at the close of the volume. One nat- urally thinks of Dr. Ingleby's “Century of Prayse” in connection with such a work, but the two collec- tions are essentially dissimilar, Dr. Ingleby's being far more comprehensive in scope, but also far more restricted in time. Miss_ _Silsby’s first selection is John Weever’s epigram, it Ad Gulielmum Shake- speare,” written in 1595, and is followed by five others which date from the poet's lifetiine. Then come the writers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with some- half .a, hundred “trihutes." Finally, there are'about four-score pieces by nine- teenth century writers, among which are included Keats: Landor, Arnold, Browning, and Swinburne, and, of Americans, Longfellow, Emerson, Stoddard, and Gilder. The tercentenary of 1864 produced a plentiful crop of verses (the author of “ Proverbial Philosophy” almost dropping into poetry on that occasion,) and a number of these are given. Mr. T. 1V. I-Iigginson’s fine sonnet, “ Since Cleopatra Died,” finds a. place here, and we make particular mention of the fact because the misquotation from “Antony and Cleopatra” which heads the poem is also repro- duced. We have already twice called attention in THE DIAL to this amazing blunder, and now do so for the third time. Perhaps the most nearly ade quate of all these poems is Mr. Arnold’s noble sonnet, although Mr. Browning's, written for the ‘“ Shakesperean Show-Book ” in 1884, is a close second. A new edition of the works of C. S. Calverly af- fords us a. pretext for the pleasant task of calling renewed attention to one of the ripest of scholars, rarest of wits, and most lovable of men. The vol- ume entitled “ Literary Remains ” is prefaced by a friendly memoir, patched up by Sir Walter J. Sen- dall from his own recollections of Calverly, and 56 THE DIAL [June, from the recollections of Professor J. R. Seeley, Mr. Walter Besant, and others. The delightfully informal character of the sketch is in keeping with the unconventional character of the man whom it illustrates, and is more satisfactory than a set bi- ography. Calverly’s college pranks, his athletic feats, his astonishing tours de force in Latin and Greek verse-making, and back of all this exuber- ance of physical and intellectual energy, his gentle and manly nature, are all sketched for us with a sympathy of the most contagious sort. As for the “Remains,” they include some of Calverly’s best Greek and Latin poems and translations, a few original pieces omitted from other collections, and a series of English versions of Latin hymns which should find their place in every anthology of En- glish sacred song. The volume also contains three brief but weighty papers on verse-translation, in which are stated the principles that guided the author in his own work of this sort. And it is safe to say that no better work of the sort exists in our language. This statement the “ Theocritus,” which occupies a volume by itself, sufficiently attests. So nice a preservation of both form and sense is ex- ceedingly rare, although it must be premised that Calverly’s ideal of form in translation is something very different from the mere reproduction of the metre. He insisted that a translation whose arti- ficiality is obvious, sins in the spirit, however it may be mechanically correct; and, judged by this test, even Lord T ennyson’s alcaics fail of their purpose. So Calverly translated the Theocritean idyls in a va- riety of metres, some of which are far enough re- moved in mechanical structure from the originals. But _the result— and this is the supreme test—is indubitably poetry, and it is at the same time what Pope’s “ Homer,” for example, is not, a real trans- lation. Mr. Lang has made a very beautiful version of Theocritus in prose that is almost poetry, as the following passage from the first idyl will illustrate: " Now violets bear, ye brambles, ye thorns bear violets; and let fair narcissus bloom on the boughs of juniper! Let all things with all be confounded.—~from pines let men gather pears, for Daphnis is dying! Let the stag drag down the hounds, let owls from the hills contend in song with the night- ingales.” But Calverly has done even better than this, for, with hardly less of literality, he has turned the pas- sage into such English poetry as the following: " From thicket now and thorn let violets spring, Now let white lilies deck the juniper, And pines grow figs, and nature all go wrong: For Daphnis dies. Let deer pursue the hounds, And mountain-owls outsiug the nightingales.” Merely to call this poetry is not enough; it is poetry of the divinest sort; it has the harmony of which Shakespeare alone was the constant master. And it is safe to say that no English translation of The- ocritus will ever surpass that which is tuned to this key. After the lapse of ten years or more, Mr. Arthur John Butler has completed his edition of “ T he Di- vine Comedy” by the publication of the first Cantica. The method is that employed in the other two; text, prose translation, and notes all coming together on the page, by far the most convenient arrange- ment for such a work. The translation is hardly equal, as English prose, to Dr. Carlyle’s, but schol- arship has done much for Dante since Carlyle's “Inferno” was published, and the advantage to Mr. Butler’s version is inevitable. The latter, in his preface, pays a handsome tribute to Carlyle, as well as to Cary and Dr. Moore. Cary’s transla- tion, we are told, remains “unquestionably the best book to which the study of Dante in England has ever given birth. It is astonishing how constantly it occurs that when one has hunted up, or fortuit- ously come across, some passage to illustrate Dante rather out of the ordinary run of literature, one finds that Cary has got it already.” Mr. Butler’s volume has a glossary and notes that represent the latest results of investigation, and that are as notice- able for what they omit as for what they include. It is a matter for congratulation that English scholar- ship should have produced so thorough and attract- ive an edition of “The Divine Comedy” as that now completed. In this connection, we also note the appearance of the “Purgatory” in Professor Norton’s prose translation. There is little choice between the prose of the two translators. Mr. Butler is more literal ; Professor Norton more graceful. It seems to us desirable, if one must err, that the error should be in the direction of literality. And Mr. Butler's edition has the great advantage of presenting the Italian text with the translation, as well as offering a better selection of notes. W11.r.1A1u Monro): PAYNE. Bnnsns 01v NEW BOOKS. IT WERE hard to find a happier illustration of the vitality of genius than the charming volume of Emily James Smith’s “Selections from Lucian" (Harper) affords us. A man of letters in the latter half of the second century of our era put his wit and wisdom into such perfect moulds that under all the disadvantage of transfer into an alien tongue, and with sixteen hundred years to dull the edge of them, they are as fresh today as Hawthorne and Thackeray, as modern as M. Halévy or Miss “Til- kins. The cock might have crowed or the ass brayed this very daybreak. Loukios and Palaistra flirt like the boys and girls we know. As one reads, it is notvLucian who is translated; it is oneself. The delicate pellucid air of Greece is between him and these living shapes. It is not the Greece of Lucian’s day, but of the unfading epoch six centu- ries earlier. It is hard to think of Lucian as writ- ing in a time of decadence, as later than Plutarch and coeval with Galen and Dion Cassius. It is hard to be persuaded that these choice dialogues were as much a literary reconstruction in their time as Thackei-ay’s “Esmond” or Landor’s “Imagin- THE DIAL 57 ary Conversations.” It seems as if Lucian, before abandoning sculpture for literature, must have been employed on the frieze of the Parthenon, have had his lessons from Phidias, gossipped with Aspasia, and discussed the gods with Socrates. Very adroitly has the long-buried wine been decanted to retain so well its sparkle and aroma. The scholars must have their say as to the accuracy of the present version, but all who read may note its grace and vivacity. I The translator is enough at home in her task to venture to play with it. She can use a spirt of slang on occasion without disturbing the classical ‘ repose of her English, and talk of “a person not bad to look at,” and “ the daintiest thing going.” No most modern writer of “short stories” could be less musty and pedantic, more lightly colloquial. An admirable introduction proves that she can write wisely and �ell in her own person. with a critical discrimination as to the precise worth of her author. Even Coleridge once strained his pen in declaring " the moral sublimity of Rabelais,” and who knows what critic may discover the deep philosophic sig- nificance of Kipling? Our translator indulges her- self in no such vagaries, but presents Lucian to her readers as the man of letters pure and simple, who fluttered about the old Greek temples and the cook- shops for his own amusement, and jotted down his thoughts about them afterward for ours. HENRY T. Knvo‘s new volume, “ The Idealist” (Lippincott). is made up of some 130 brief moral- izings upon various random themes, the author's purpose being, as he tells us, “to make men feel uncomfortable." With this amiable end in view he assails various abuses and hypocrisies, and de- velops his own views of the right ruling of conduct with a snappishness of tone and a lavish use of the first personal pronoun that will tend, we fear, to set his readers upon demanding Mr. King's credentials rather than upon weighing his precepts. The vol- ume opens ostentatiously with a “I’relude" in which the writer tells us all about his book and his meth- ods. his likes and his dislikes (the latter greatly preponderating), and takes himself, on the whole, rather more seriously than the occasion seems to warrant. “I care not,” he says, “ how violent [sic] the storm may rage. how bitter the denuncia- tion I may invoke, but I do care if any reader shall believe that I am writing obtrusive para- doxes." Mr. King proposes to be nothing if not original, and he affects a lofty contempt for ~‘ gram- marians‘ rules ” and the deference to approved mod- els that fetter the pens of lesser men. “I know of no statute," he avers, “ which declares the true use of the English language; no author who holds it in trust. It is free to every man to use as best fits his purpose.” Just stopping to point out to Mr. King the confusion of tongues that might possibly ensue were his opinion to prevail, and to remind him as a lawyer that there is a body of unwritten law no less binding than that which is statutory, we may say of his style—which is singularly harsh, crabbed, jerky, and at times by no means so clear as he hon- estly tries to make it,— that it is even more likely than his censure “to make men feel uncomfort- able." Mr. King does “not think that there is any- thing second-hand” in his book. “I have no quota- tion padding,” he proudly asserts. A few pages later. however, we find him saying. " I know of no flattery so soothing as to have your words quoted by others." \Ve suggest that if our author expects others to soothe him in this way, he ought, as a Christian and an ideal lnoralist, to be willing to soothe them; and we may add in passing that a casual review of his pages.—in which there is cer- tainly an occasional hint of triteness.— indicates that one may, in effect, pay compliments of the kind designated without being aware of it. The volume at its best denotes a considerable faculty of stringing together pungent aphorisms with a touch of Baconian sententiousness and a full measure of Emersonian disconnectedness. The publishers have shown good taste in their part of the work.and the volume is an attractive one externally. THERE is a good deal of presuming in this curi- ous world of ours. Men presume on their muscle, and women on their weakness. and children on the graces of their immaturity. Each would dominate without an effort, and be graciously deferred to. Each is conscious of specific adinirableness, and expects recognition. Americans presume on be- ing natives, and claim credit for not having been born Irish or Chinese. The Frenchman is quite certain that all good roads pass through Paris and are an extension of the Boulevards. John Bull pit- ies the dulness that questions if all liberty and vir- tue are most at home in England. There is the Boston type, the New York type, the Philadelphia type, even the Chicago type, of conscious superior- ity and corresponding behavior. Each claims the earth and all outlying territory. The pretension is not always gracefully asserted, and impartial by- standers are a little grieved at the manners result- ing. The over-assurance of privilege is very per- vasive. Even authors sometimes treat themselves with undue seriousness. They dwell too long, or bear on too hard, upon even a bright idea. Mr. Oscar Fay Adams may not have thought of this in putting into a volume on “ The Presumption of Sex” (Lee & Shepard) his recent magazine articles on “ The Mannerless Sex,” “ The Brutal Sex,” etc. After all, it may be doubted whether any wide circle was agitated by the tossing of Mr. Ad- ams's first pebble. It was fillipped neatly. It fell with a quite perceptible splash and splatter. The ripples ran out a little way before they died. But the mannerless and ruthless sex was hardly flut- tered in its dovecots, and the brutal and vulgar sex puffed its cigar-smoke into its neighbors’ faces and told its shady stories as before. There is good sense and right feeling in these papers. W'ith a finer humor and a lighter touch they might have passed out of journalism into literature. As it is, their 53 THE DIAL [Jun e, hints may well be heeded. There is room for more gracious womanhood and manlier and purer man- hood in several New England villages and one or two mining camps on our western frontier, doubt it who may. Two works dealing with a similar subject are “Books Condemned to Be Burnt ” (Armstrong), by James A. Farrer, and “Martyrdoms of Litera- ture" (Sergel & Co., Chicago), by Robert H. Vick- ers. It is curious to see two volumes issued simul- taneously on a theme of such out of the way inter- est. We can fancy each author encountering his rival’s volume with a stare of incredulity and a petulant outburst of “ How in the world did you happen to be born?” Mr. Farrer, after a brief introduction, confines himself to the martyrdoms of literature in England. He modestly aims at “some- thing less dull than a dictionary, but something far short of a history.” His success is sufficient. He writes like a scholar and a man of letters, at home in his subject. His volume is marked by good taste in its style. Mr. Vickers’s volume in its outward form suggests the better sort of school-book, an im- pression that its contents hardly justify. It ranges from Rameses the Great and “ the trigrams of Fo Hi ” to the book burnings of Malabar, of Brazil, and of Chile, of which last the recent revolution de- prives us of authentic record. The author’s mater- ial is somewhat muddled and undigested. His tem- per is quite uncritical. He has much to say of “superstitious venom,” of “missionary banditti,” of “fiendish fanaticisms,” of “cancerous imaginings.” He tells us of Abelard, that, “ caught between two difliculties, he repaired as best he could the wrong caused by himself, leaving the other and greater wrong done to Heloise as well as to him by the monstrous tyranny of celibate vows to be repaired by those who were, at the bar of the high court of human nature, guilty of compassing evils of pre- cisely that character.” He speaks of a city as “eaten hollow by the devouring force of ‘her one solitary idea.” In a more distressing sentence still he an- nounces “ the story of Bohemia, which will succeed this volume." Under provocation from an overfond mother, Charles Lamb once drank to the health of the much calumniated good King Herod. Mr. Vick- ers's threatened volume tempts a reviewer to sigh for one hour more of the blessed Inquisition. It had its faults, but it might spare us “ the story of Bo- hemia." AMQXG the “University Extension Manuals” (Scribner) edited by Professor Knight, has just ap- peared a little book by H. G. Keene, Hon. M.A., Oxford, upon “ The Literature of France." In a concise but striking style are discussed the most famous French writings, from the oath by which Louis the German bound himself to Charles the Bold in 842 4.1)., down to the criticism published by M. Paul Bourget in 1883 on Mr. George Saints- bury's “Short History of French Literature." Though acknowledging a large indebtedness to Mr. Saintsbury, Mr. Keene has quite as often followed the critical judgments of La Harpe—who, if we may trust Mr. Saintsbury, “shows criticism in one of its worst forms, and has all the defects of Mal- herbe and Boileau with few of their merits and none of their excuses." Mr. Keene has aimed neither at originality nor novelty; and with the ex- ception of M. Paul Bonrget (who is admitted to the appendix to advertise Mr. Saintsbury) has said not a word of living French writers. Though George Sand had the happy fortune to be dead when our author wrote, yet far less space is allotted to her than to La Harpe or Vauvenargues, and neither her name as a married woman nor that of any of her works is mentioned. To commend any author to the fastidious palates of our transatlantic cousins, it appears that, like their mutton, one must not only be dead, but “ very dead.” While Mr. Keene has "assumed the existence of certain rules and stami- ards.” and endeavors to pursue the study of litera- ture “in a spirit of scientific comparison,” after all, for him, “the golden rule is to look to the judg- ment of the past for our chief guide in the selection of books." He says: " It takes a good critic to be quite sure of the merits of a modern book,” and that. to do him justice, Mr. Keene is not. He di- vides French literary history into “ The Age of In- fancy" prior to the sixteenth century, “ The Age of Adolescence" in that century, “ The Age of Glory” in the seventeenth century, “ T he Age of Reason” in the eighteenth, and “ The Age of Na- ture " in the nineteenth. SE\'E.\' masterpieces of party pamphleteering. with a few explanatory words to each and a dozen pages of general introduction, make up the pretty pocket-volume entitled “Political Pamphlets" (Mac- millan), edited by Mr. George Saintsbury. In these days of caucuses and committees it is interesting to get a glimpse of the earlier times when printed pages affected public policy and pamphlets fired kingdoms. The papers here collected were issued from 1687, when the Marquess of Halifax urged the dissenters of his time not to be tempted by the treacherous overtures of James the Second, to 1826, when Sir Walter Scott defended Scotch Banking in the letters of Malachi Malagrowther. \Ve have Defoe’s sustained irony, that almost loses its signifi- cance by never once dropping its mask, in “The Shortest Way with the Dissenters.” \Ve have two of the Drapier's letters, in which Dean Swift, with magical marksmanship but some waste of powder, shattered Mr. Wood's brass halfpence and saved Ireland from an over-issue of small change. We have Burke’s philosophical review of the French Revolution, in his second letter on a Regicide Peace. Sidney Smith shows his rare good sense and *‘ art of putting things” in four of the Peter Plymley letters. Cobbett, in pithiest Saxon, tells the work- ing men of 1816 how wretched they are, and why, and what remedies to distrust, and where lies their safety. It is curious to find that honest demagogue THE DIAL 59 warning the poor against " the new cheat which is now on foot and which goes under the name of Savings Banks”! The collection is well chosen, and Mr. Saintsbui-y’s editing is brief and to the purpose. IN preparing his life of Viscount Palmerston in “The Queen’s Prime Ministers” series (Harper ). the Marquis of Lorne has wisely availed himself of the enormous amount of correspondence. oflicial and private, left behind by the “ fair and square ” political fighter whose official career extended over nearly sixty years, allowing him to speak wherever feasible, and thus indicate in his own way the ob- jects and motives that influenced him. Most of these quotations, drawn from matter hitherto inac- cessible, appear in print for the first time. Lord Palmerston’s character is thus summed up by the author: “Palmerston was emphatically painstaking, but he was not a genius, whose work may be mani- fold, but whose career is seldom steady. . Palmerston had a good head, good health. which is seldom found with genius. and a matter-of-fact way of going ahead, making his experience of one mat- ter the solid step from which to judge of the next that came before him. He repeated himself over and over again consistently, in act as well as in phrase—a very ungeniuslike quality. A plain En- glishman, with many an Englishman's want of the feminine attributes of character, but with most of its best masculine qualities, he plodded on. and fin- ally won that goal of an Englishman's ambition—_ the honorable, but not always enviable, position of First Minister of the Crown.” An interesting chap- ter on Lord Palmerston's personal characteristics rounds out the view of the politician and statesman. ANOTHER volume in the same series is devoted to the Marquis of Salisbury, and written by H. D. Traill. vored as well as handicapped by the fact that its hero is still in the flesh and in full public career; for while anything like a satisfactory Life of Lord Salisbury is of course out of the question at pres- ent, the book at once gains interest and favor from the general desire to know more of a statesman whose name is so closely connected with current political questions. Mr. Traill has done his work as thoroughly as space and other conditions per- mit; and, while making no effort to hide his strong conservative bias and his warm sympathy with Lord Salisbury’s methods and ideals, he has not erred obtrusivcly on the side of hero-worship. It is in his favorite capacity of Foreign Minister that the Tory Premier elicits the author's heartiest approval. He says: " A just conception of our Em- pire and of the stupendous task of directing its des- tiny, may well stir in him the blood of his Eliza» bethan ancestors; and it is no doubt partly because he impresses other nations as a statesman heredi- tarily dedicated to the maintenance of our Imperial power and security that he wields the influence Mr. Traill's work may be said to be fa-. which is his. European courts and cabinets must know that to whatever external forces of restraint or deflection his foreign policy, like that of all other English Ministers, may be exposed, there is no public man in England who stands surety for English interests and English honor under heavier recognizances of blood and name.” All the volumes in this series contain frontispiece portraits. THE volume of " New Fragments ” (Appleton), from the pen of that veteran expositor of Nature, - Professor John Tyndall. presents a rather miscel- laneous 'mélan_r/e of scientific discussion, biograph- ical sketch, anecdote, reminiscence, and personal jottings. There are fifteen papers in all, largely occasional addresses and reprints from standard periodicals; the best, perhaps. being “Goethe’s Farbenlehre.” “Count Rumford." " Louis Pasteur,” “ Personal Recollections of Carlyle," and a suggest- ive address on “ The Sabbath.” originally delivered before the Glasgow Sunday Society. in which the Professor traces with much philosophy and humor the history of Sabbatical observances from a time when the Sabbath was so ordered as to render it a foretaste of the horrors awaiting those who broke it, down to the present day when a more humane system prevails. It is scarcely necessary to say that Professor Tyndall is not in accord with those belated zealots “ That bid you baulk A Sunday walk, And shun God’s works as you would shun your own; -Callingiall seriuons contraba-nds In that great Temple that's not made with hands.” Thoroughly readable and instructive are the critical and narrative papers on Goethe, Count Rumford, and M. Pasteur; and the essays throughout display a rare union of the solidity born of profound scien- tific study and first-hand grappling with facts, with the graces of literary expression. NOT all sermons fifty years after date retain their first juice and fragrance. Ministers who in- herit their predecessor's provisions for the pulpit are rarely overtempted to make use of them. Some- thing has departed. Each generation prefers its own preaching. The fledgeling from the divinity school, with his thought of to-day, draws better houses than the venerable divine. So it will not be strange if the recently issued volume of Theodore Parker's “ \Vest Roxbury Sermons” ( Roberts), now half a century old, adds nothing to a great preach- er’s fame. They had their vogue. They were his ’prentice work, written before he reached his growth, before he had grappled with his problems, fought his dragons. flung away his unproved armor, settled down to his sling-and-stone methods. and acquired his sledge-hammer swing. He moved still content- edly in the old grooves. He had not come upon the occasion of shocking the more conservative ele- ments of so-called Liberal Christianity. He is in- offensive to those of more orthodox opinion, who 60 THE DIAL [J une, have not stood still these fifty years. These are practical discourses. suited to common parochial use. Men of all creeds can enjoy their pithy sense, their earnest manliness. their devout spirituality, their “Saxon sincerity," their rich poetic illustra- tion. They may be glad to see this earlier and simpler aspect of the admired or the dreaded here- siarch, whose outlines are growing somewhat vague to us in these latter days. 1\lEssR.s. Macmillan & Co.'s series of primers has long been favorably known. In order better to adapt Professor Nicliol’s “Primer of English Com- position" to the requirements of school use, a com- panion book of questions and answers was prepared by Professor Nichol and \V. S. McCormick, and the two are now published in one neat volume un- der the title of “A Manual of English Composition.” 'I‘o1>1(:s Ix Lnlxmzso PERIODICALS. June, 18.92. Aeroplane, The. H. S. Maxim. Cosmopolitan. American Ancient Civilizations. J. S. Newberry. Pop. Sci. American Glaciers. Illus. C. R. Ames. Californian. American Home in Europe, An. VV. H. Bishop. Atlantic. American Political Caricature. Illus. J. B. Bishop. Century. Amer-ica’s Great Desert. IV. F. G. Shanks. Lippincott. Animals’ View of Man. Popular Science. Atlantic Steamships. T. M. Coan. Century. Austin, John. Janet Ross. Atlantic. Austrcrflungarian Army. Illus. Baron von Kuhn. Harper. Bible Lands. Sir J. W. Dawson. North American. Biology and Sociology. L. G. Janos. Popular Science. Black Forest to the Black Sea. Illus. F. D. Millet. Harper. Bric-a-Brac, Counterfeit. Illus. Cosmopolitan. British Fiction, Recent. Brander Matthews. Cosmopolitan. Budapest. Illus. Albert Shaw. Century. Cattle Trails, Prairie. Illus. C. M. Harger. Chicago. Noble Canby. Chautauquan. Chicago Fire Memories. David Swing. Scribner. Chihuahua Clifi-Dwellers. Illus. F. Schwatka. Chinese and Japanese. E. F. Fenolosa. Atlantic. Columbus. Illus. E. Castelar. Century. Diatoms. Illus. Emily L. Gregory. Popular Science. Drury Lane Boys‘ Club. Mrs. Burnett. Scribner. Dust and Fresh Air. T. P. Teale. Popular Science. Editorial Experiences. Murat Halstead. Lippincotl. Emerson’s Letters from Europe. F. B. Sanborn. Atlantic. English in the United States. J. R. Towse. Chautauquan. Evolution and Christianity. St. George Mivart. Cosmopolitan. Forest Preservation in California. Thos. Magee. Overland. Funeral Orations in Stone. Illus. C. lvaldstein. Harper. FuhSeuls. Illus. J. C. Cantwell. Californian. Galileo and Theology. A. D. White. Popular Science. Gold King's Rule. Murat Halstead. North American. Greek Papyri in Egyptian Tombs. E. G. Mason. Dial. Harrison’s Administration. Dawes. Dolph, Colquitt. No. Am. Henry, Patrick. IV. F. Poole. Dial. Hull, Commodore, Birthplace of. Illus. Jane Shelton. Harper. Japanese Swords, Art in. Illus. Californian. Kentucky: How It Became a State. G. “'. Ranck. Harper. Kilauea. Hawaii, Crater of. Illus. May Cheney. Overland. Korean Mountains. C. \'i'. Campbell. Popular Science. Labor, U. S. Department of. C. D. VVright. Cosmopolitan. La Crosse. Illus. Frederick Weir. Lippincott. Lake Tahoe. Illus. Annie C. Murphy. Californian. Lnndy’s Lane. Illus. E. S. Brooks. Chautauquan. Medici, The. Illus. Eleanor Lewis. Cosmopolitan. Mobs. Cesare Lombroso. Chautauquan. Modern Life and Art. “ialter Crane. Cosmopolitan. Montana. Julian Ralph. Harper. Scribner. Century. Scribner. Mt. Etm. Illus. A. F. Jaccaci. Mt. St. Elias Revisited. Illus. I. C. Russel. Century. National Conventions. Illus. Murat Ilalstead. Cosmopolitan. Negr0's Education. \V. T. Harris. Atlantic. New France, Downfall of. J. G. Nicolay. Chautauquan. New Zealand. Illus. Edward Wakefield. Cosmopolitan. Nice, Poor of. Illus. Fannie Barbour. Californian. New York Clearing House. W. A. Camp. North American. New York Tenement-Houses. Illus. W. T. Elsing. Scribner. Old English Dramatists. J. R. Lowell. Harper. Pacific Jew Fish. Illus. C. F. Holder. Californian. Paranoia. H. S. Ivilliams. North American. Pearl-Diving in California Gulf. Illus. Californian. Peru, Eastern. Illus. C. do Kalb. Harper. Plantation Life, Old-Time. A. C. McClurg. Dial. Poetry, Melancholia in. E. C. Stedman. Century. Poetry. Recent. W. M. Payne. Dial. Poetry since Pope. Maurice Thompson. Chautauquan. Politicians. Educating. C. T. Hopkins. Californian. Presidential Reélection. D. B. Eaton. North American. Railway Court, A. Appleton Morgan. Popular Science. Rapid Transit in Cities. Illus. T. C. Clarke. Scribner. Revolutions, Modern. Karl Blind. North American. Roman Private Life. I-Iarriet W. Preston. Atlantic. Sea-Beaches. Illus. N. S. Shaler. Scribner. Sheridan’s Personality. Illus. T. R. Davis. Cosmopolitan. Sicilian Peasants. Signora V. Mario. Chautauquan. Simians of Africa. R. L. Garner. North American. Smith. Roswell. Washington Gladden, and others. Century. Snake River Valley. J. R. Spears. Chautauquan. Stellar System, A New. Arthur Searle. Atlantic. Survival of the Unfit. H. D. Chapin. Popular Science. Thorwaldsen. Illus. C. M. Waage. Californian. Town Meeting, The. E. E. Hale. Cosmopolitan. Track Athletics in Calif. Illus. P. L. \Veaver, Jr. Overland. Water, Colors of. Carl Vogt. Popular Science. Weeds. B. D. Halstead. Popular Science. Westminster’s Future. Archdeacon Farrar. N 0. American. West, Struggle for the. Illus. J. B. McMa.st.er. Lippincott. West, The. J. J. Ingalls. Lippincott. Whitman, \'a.lt. Atlantic. Whitman, Walt. C. D. Lanier. Chautauquan. lvonnded Soldiers’ Actions. G. L. Kilmer. Popular Science. Wrens. Olive Thome Miller. Atlantic. Yucca Moths. Illus. C. V. Riley. Popular Science. BOOKS or THE Moxmn. [The following list, embracing 161 titles, includes all books received by Tan Dun. during the month of May, 189:2. HISTORY. A Half-Century of Conflict. By Francis Parkman, author of “ Pioneers of France in the New “'orld." In 2 vols., Bvo. Little, Brown, & Co. $5.00. New Chapters in Greek History: Historical Results of Recent Excavations in Greece and Asia Minor. B Percy Gardner. M.A. Illus., 8vo, pp. -159, uncut. G. . Put- nam's Sons. $5.00. The History Of Sicily from the earliest times. By Ed�ai'd A. Freeman, M.A. Vol. III., The Athenian and Cartha- ginian Invasions. With maps, b'vo, pp. 750, uncut. Mac- millan & Co. $6.00. The Spanish Story of the Armada, and Other Fssnys. By James Anthony F ronde. l‘2mo, pp. 3-H. Charles Scrib- ner's Sons. $1.50. The Colonial Era. By George Park Fisher, I).D. With maps. l‘lm0, pp. 350. Scribner’s " American History Se- ries." $1.25. The Story of the Discovery of the New World h llIIll)ll8. Compiled, from accepted authorities, by reder- ick Saunders. Librarian of the Astor Library. Illus., l‘.£mo, pp. 1-l.'>. Thomas \Vhittaker. $1.00. Columbus Memorial, 1492-1892: Discovery, Settle- ment, Indeyventlence, etc. \'ith descriptions and illustra- tions of “ orld‘s Fair Buildings, and maps and plans. -Ito. paper. Chicago: J. W. Ilifi' & Co. 50 cts. Col- 1892.] THE DIAL 61 BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCE. Christopher Columbus: His Life and His Work. By Charles Kendall Adams, LL.D. 12rno, pp. ‘Z61. Dodd’s “ Makers of America." $1.00. Charles Sumner. By Anna Laurens Dawes. With portrait, lfimo, pp. 330. Dodd’s “ Makers of America.” $1.00. Henry Boynton Smith. By Lewis F. Stearns, D.D. 16mo, pp. 368, gilt top. Houghton‘s " American Religious Lead- ers.” $1.25. Early Days of My Episcopate. By the Rt. Rev. Wm. In- graham Kipp, D.D., Bisho of California. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 263. Thomas hittaker. $1.50. Eli Perkins: Thirty Years of Wit and Reruiniscences. By Melville D. Landon (Eli Perkins). “Pith portrait, 16mo, pp. 305. Cassell’s “Sunshine Series." Paper, 50 cts. LITERARY MISCELLAN Y. Essays and Criticisms. By St. George Mivart. F.R.S. In 2 vols., Svo, uncut. Little, Brown, & Co. $8.00. Letters of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. Collected and edited by Geor§e Birkbeck Hill, D.C.L., editor of “Boswell’s Life of ohnson." In 2 vols., large Svo, gilt tops, uncut edges. Harper & Brothers. $7.50. The Last Words of Thomas Carlyle: Wotton Reinfr-ed, a Romance ; Excursion (F utile Enough) to Paris; Letters. \Vith portrait, l‘.!m0. pp. 383, gilt top, uncut edges. D. Appleton & Co. $1.75. The Old South: Fssays Social and Political. By Thomas gelson Page. lilmo, pp. 344. Charles Scribnefs Sons. 1.25. Social and Literary Papers. By Charles Chauncey Shack- ford. 1‘2n1o, pp. 299. Roberts Brothers. $1.15.’). Sources of Consolation in Human Life. By William Rounseville Alger, author of “ The Genius of Solitude.” ltimo, pp. 437. Roberts Brothers. $1.50. Imaginary Conversations. By \Valter Savage Landor. Vvith biographical and explanatory notes by Charles G. Crump. 70 . ti, 12mo, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $1.25. Selections from “The Spectator" of Addison and Steele. By A. Meserole. LL.B. Vvith etched portrait, liimo, pp. 410, gilt top. E. P. Dutton dc Co. $1.25. The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. Translated by Charles Eliot Norton. Vol. Ill., Paradise. lflmo, pp. 215, gilt top. Houghton, Mifliin & Co. Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem. Translated from the Heyne-Socin ext by J. Lesslie Hall. Hvo, pp. 110. 1). C. Heath & Co. $1.10. The Works of William Shakespeare. Edited by William Aldis Wright. In 9 vols. Vol. VI., Troilus and Cres- sida, Coriolanus, etc. Large 8vo, pp. 646, uncut. Mac- millan & Co. $3.00. Shakespeare's England. B William Winter. New edition, 32mo, pp. 274, gilt top. Iacmillan & Co. T5 cts. The Philadelphia Magazines and Their Contributors, 17-11--1850. Bfi0Albert H. Smith, A.B. 1‘.’1no, pp. 264. Philadelphia: bert M.‘ Lindsay. 31.00. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. The English Language and English Grammar: An Histo- rical Stud . \"ith co ious exam les from writers of all periods. y Samuel Barnsey. urge Svo, pp. 571, gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. $3.00. Lectures on the English Poets. By lVilliam Hazlitt. With portrait, lilmo, pp. 342, gilt top, uncut edges. Dodd. Mead & Co. $1.25. _ A Primer of English Verse: Chiefly in Its /Esthetic and Organic Character. By Hiram Corson, LL.D. 12mo, pp. 232. Ginn & Co. $1.10. Cathcart’s Literary Reader: A lllanual of English Litera- ture. By George B. Cathcart. \Vith portraits, 12mo, pp. 5-ll. Am. Book Co. $1.15. POE TR Y. Lays and Legends (Second Series). By E. Nesbit (Mrs. Hubert Bland), author of“Lays and Legends.” Witlr rtrait, lfimo, pp. 160, uncut. Longmans, Green, & C0. 1.75. Dreams and Days. By George Parsons Lathrop. lilmo, pp. 188, gilt top, uncut edges. Charles Scribner’s Sons. $1.75. Flower 0' the Vine: Romantic Ballads and Sospiri di Roma. B Wihiam Sharp. lvith introduction by T. A. Janvier. "ith portrait, 1'lmo, pp. 188, gilt top. C. L. \Vebstcr & C0. $1.50. Swallow Flights. By Louise Chandler Moulton, author of “ In the Garden of Dreams.” A new edition of “Poems,” with ten additional poems. ltimo, pp. 108, gilt top.‘ Bob- erts Brothers. $1.25. Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads. By Rudyard Kip- ling. 1‘.3mo, pp. 207, gilt top. Macmillan & Co. $1.25. The Dead Nymph, and Other Poems. By Charles Henry Liiders. liimo, pp. 134, gilt top, uncut edges. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.24’). The Wings of Icarus. By Susan Marr Spalding. 12mo, pp. 111, full gilt. Roberts Brothers. $1.25. The Song of the Sword, and Other Verses. By W. E. Henley. 16m0, pp. 1053, uncut edges. Charles Scr'ibner's Sons. $1.00. Leading Cases Done into English, and Other Diversions. B Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart. liimo, pp. 98, uncut elges. Macmillan&Co. $1.00. Hassan: A Vision of the Desert. By John Ritchie. 8vo, gilt edges. F. J. Schulte dc Co. $1.00. Lyrics of the Hudson. By Horatio Nelson Powers, author of “ Ten Years of Song.” \Vith Memorial Introduction by Oscar Fay Adams. ltimo, pp. 97, gilt top. D. Lothrop Co. $1.00. _ Summer-Fallow. By Charles Buxton Going. 10mo, pp. 96, gilt top. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. $1.00. The Lover’s Year-Book of Poetry: A Collection of Love Poems for Every Day in the Year. By Horace Parker Chandler. Vol. IL, July to December. liimo, pp. 2;"), gilt top. Roberts Brothers. $1.25. In the City by the Lake. By Blanche Fearing, author of " The Sleeping World.” Bvo, pp. 192, gilt top. Chicago: Searle & Gorton. $1.25. FICTION. Tess of the D'Urbervi11es: A Pure Woman Faithfully Pre- sented. By Thomas Hardy, author of “ A Group of .\'o- ble Darnes.” New and revised edition, illus., 12rno, pp. -155. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. The Governor, and Other Stories. By George A. Hibbnrd. l'.2mo, pp. ‘ISL’. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.00. A Voyage of Discovery: A Novel of American Society. By Hamilton Aidé. l2m0, pp. 395. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. Calmire. 1‘.Zmo, pp. 742. Macmillan & Co. $1.50. Love for an Hour is Love Forever. By Amelia E. Barr, author of "Friend Olivia.” 12mo, pp. Dodd, Mead, & Co. $1.25. A Daughter of the South, and Shorter Stories. By Mrs. Burton Harrison, author of "The Anglomauia/cs." 121no, pp. 281. Cassell Publishing Co. $1.00. The New Harry and Lucy: A Story of the Boston of Tu- day. By Edward E. and Lucretia P. Hale. itirno, pp. 321. Roberts Brothers. $1.25. “Come Live with Me, and Be My Love." An En lish Pastoral. By Robert Buchanan, author of “God an the Man.” lllus., livo, pp. 32-1. Lovell, Coryell & Co. $1-‘-'1 The Fate of Fenella: A Novel. By Helen Mather-s, Justin H. McCarthy, and 22 others. ltimo, pp. 319. Cassell Pub- lishing Co. $1.00. Marionettes. By Julien Gordon, author of “A Diplomat's Diary." 1Gmo, pp. 320. Cassell Publishing Co. $1.00. Nada the Lily. By H. Rider Haggard, author of ‘v‘She."' Illus., 12mo, pp. 205. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.00. The One Good Guest. By L. B. \Valfor-d, author of "Mr. Smith.” 12mo, pp. 330. Longrnans, Green, & Co. $1.00. Born of Flame: A Rosicruciau Story. By Mrs. Margaret B. Peeke. 12mo. pp. 299. J. B. Lrppincott Co. $1.25. The Soul of Lilith. By Marie Corelli, author of “Arduth.” 12mo, pp. Lovell, Coryell & Co. $135- The White Company. By A. Conan Doyle, author of “The Firm of Girdlestone.” Illus., 12mo, pp. 483. U. S. Book Co. $1.25. Moonblight and Six Feet of Romance. By Dan. Beard. Illus. by author. 12mo, pp. 221. C. L. Webster & Co. 31-00- Col. Judson of Alabama; or, A Southei-ner’s Experiences at the North. B F. Bean. author of “Pudney & Walp.” 16mo, pp. 197. . S. Book Co. 81.00. 6'-3 THE DIAL [J une, Slaves of the Sawdust. lg Ayme Reade, author of oven “Ruby.” 1‘.Zmo, pp. 312. den Company. 81.00. A Window in Thrums. By J. M. Barrie, author of “ The Little Minister.” 1‘2mo, pp. 23-I, gilt top. Lovell, Cor yell, & Co. $1.00. Helen Brent, M.D.: A Social Study. Oblong, pp. lili. Cas- sell Publishing Co. T5 cts. Pratt Portraits Sketched in a New England Suburb. By Anna Fuller. llimo, pp. 325. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. -$1. Pushed by Unseen Hands. By Helen H. Gardener, author of “ Men, “lumen, and Gods.” \"ii.h frontispiece, l‘.2mo, pp, Zillii. The Commonwealth Co. $1.00. The Story oi’ Dick. By Major Gambier Parry, author of “ Reynell Taylor." 1'_’mo, pp. 237. Macmillan & Co. Don Finimondone: C-alabriun Sketches. By Elizabeth Ca- vuzza. \Vith frontispiece, l‘.3mo, pp. I79. C. L. Webster & Co. T5 cts. The Heresy of Mehetebel Clark. By Annie Trumbull Slosson, author of “ Seven Dreams.” 18mo, pp. 103. Harper & Brothers. 7.1 cts. Imperia: A Story of the Court of Austria. By Octavia Hen- sel. lfimo. pp. 352. Charles Wells Moultou. 75 cts. Harry Lon-equer. By Charles Lever. Illus. by "Phiz." gin ‘.2 v£;_l’s(.),0l2tuo, gilt top. uncut edges. Little, Brown, & .0. . . Arthur O’Lear_y: His \Vanderiu and Ponderings in Many Lands. By Charles Lever. Il us. by George Cruikshank. 1‘2mo, pp. 500, gilt top, uncut edges. Little, Brown, & C0. $2.50. Sense and Sensibility. By Jane Austen. In 2 vols., with frontispieces, llimo. gilt tops, uncut edges. Roberts Bros. $2.50. Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. In 2 vols. With %ont1ispieee.Qolii|)no. gi t tops, uncut edges. Roberts rot iers. .....-">4 . Cranford. By Mrs. Gaskell. 2~lmo, pp. 317, gilt top. rough edges. Putnam's “ Knickerbocker Nuggets.” $1.00. The Adventures of Oliver Twist. By Charles Dickens. Reprint of the_ first edition, with Introduction by Charles Dickens the Iounger. Illus. b ' Cruikshank. l2mo, pp. Hill. uncut edges. Macmillan L. Co. $1.00. Crochet Castle. By T. Love Peacock. With frontispiece, liimo, pp. 1'32, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $1.00. ATu1e of a Lonely Parish. By F. Marion Crawford author of “Mr. Isaacs.” l2mo, pp. 380. Macmillan & Co. In Silk Attire. By William Black. New and revised edi- tion, liimo. PP. 318. Harper & Brothers. 90 cis. Ca.sseli's "Unknown" Library: The Sinner’s Comedy, by John Oliver Hobbes. 50 cts. A Colony of Girls: A Novel. B Kate Livingston Willard, author of “An Awakening. ' liimo, pp. 267. Dodd, Mes/d&Co. Paper. fiilcts. A Highland Chronicle. By S. Bayard Dod. author of “Stubble or Wheat.” liimo, pp. 290. Dodd,‘ Mead & Co. Paper. 50 cts. Eastward, the Buddhist Lover: A Novel. B Mrs. Robert Hosea. Second edition, 1‘.Zmo, pp. 267. obert Clarke 01'. Co. Paper, 50 eta. What is Love? By Felix Dahn. Translated by Kunnida. 1‘.’mo, pp. W. Chicago: N. C. Smith. Paper, 2’) cts. NEW \'OLl.')IE8 lb" THE PAPER LIBRARIES. Worthington’s International Library: A Poor Girl, by \V. Heimburg, illus., T5 cts. Oa.sael1'e Sunshine Series: The Mother of a Ma uis, and The Aunt.’s Stratagem, tr. from French ofniidmund About, by Mrs. C. A. Kingsbury; By a Himalayan Lake, by an Idle Exile; In a Steamer Chair, and Other Ship- board Stories, Robert Barr; I Saw Three Ships, and Other \'inter ales, b ' Q; On the Rack, a Novel by \VilIiam C. Hudson‘ A - ew York ‘Family, by Edgar Fawcett, illus. by Mast; A W..aai.. Trip, by Emilia Pardo Bazan; The Story of Francis \Veyman. Each, 50 cts. App_leton’s Town and Country Library: Amethyst, the Story_of a Beauty by Christabel R. Coleridge; Don Brauho by Juan "a era; Dnkesborough Tales. the Chronicles of Mr. Bill “'iIliams, by Richard M. Johnston. Each, 50 cts. Lippincott's Series of Select Novels: Old I)acre’s Dar- ling, by Annie Thomas. 50 cts. ludde, by Stanley Lee & Shape:-d’s Good Company Series: It Came to Pass, by Mary Farley Sanborn; Onoqua, by Frances C. Spar- hawk. Each, 50 cts. Worthington's Rose Library: The Adventures of Gil Bias of Santilane, by Alain Rene Le Sage, tr. by Tobias Smol- let. Illus. 50 cts. Loveirs International Series: The Ides of March. b ' G. M. Robins; Maisie Derrick, by Katharine S. McQuoid,. Each, 1 vol.. 50 cts. L0vel1's American Novels: The Yellow Snake, a Story of Treasure, by ‘V. H. Bishop. 50 cts. L0vell’s Belmore Series: Thelma, a Norwegian Princess, by Marie Corelli. 50 cts. Waverly Company's World Library: Nada the Lily, by H. Rider Haggard, 50 cts.; Confessions of a Publisher, by John Strange \ inter, 25 cts. Lovs1l's Westminster Series; A Member of Tattersall’s, by Hawle Smart; T’ other Dear Charmer, by Helen Mather. -ch, 30 cts. Love1l'a Westminster Series: A Question of Taste, by Maarteu Maartens. 30 cts. Ca.sse1i's Rainbow Series: A Window in Thrnms, by J. M. Barrie. 25 cts. Worthington's " The Fair Library": Love Knows No Law, by Leon tie Tinseau, tr. by Camden Curwen. Illus. 25 cts. JUVENILE. The Mother of the King's Children. A sto blessi through Christian endeavor. By . F. Cowan. author of “Our Young People.” Illus., 12mu, pp. 433. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50. of church Flying Hill Farm: AStory. By Sophie Swett, author of “Captain Polly.” Illus., l2mo, pp. 263. Harper dz Brot iers. $1.25. Sybil Knox; or Home Again. By Edward E. Hale, author pf “ East and \Vest.” 16mo, pp. 321. Caassll Publishing 70. $1.00. A Child's Garland of Songs. Gathered from “ A Child‘s Garden of Verses,” by Robert Louis Stevenson, and set to music by C. Villiers Stanford. Illus., 4to, pp. 34. Longmans. Green & Co. $1.25. Typical Tales from Shakespeare: In Narrative Form. la ely in Shakespeare’s Words. for the Young. Edited by iobert R. Raymond. A.M. Illus., iivo, pp. 22-i. Fords, Howard & I-Iulbert. $1.20. The Kaleidoscope. Ba Margaret Sidney, Frederick Starr, and nine others. ith frontispiece, 16mo, pp. 129. I). Lothrop Co. 50 cts. TRAVEL. From the Arctic Ocean to the Yellow Sea: Across Sibe- ria, Mongolia, the Gobi Desert, and North China. By Julius M. Price. F.R.G.-S. Illus. by author, Svo, pp. 384, uncut. Charles St-ribner”s Solis. $6.00. Men, Mines, and Animals in South Africa. By Lord Randol h S. Churchill, M.P. Illus., Bvo, pp. 330. D. Ap- pleton dis Co. $5.00. Our Life in the Swiss Highlands. By John Addington Symonda and his Dan hter Ma aret. With portrait. tivo, pp. Edinburg : A. & . Black. $2.50. In and Out of Three Normandy Inns. B Anna Bowman Dodd, author of “ Glorinda." Illus. by einhart. l2mo, pp. 394. Lovell, Coryell & Co. 82.00. A Too Short Vacation. By Lucy Langdon Williams and Emma Y. McLaughlin. Illus., liimo, pp. 26-i. rough edges. J. B. Lippiucott Co. $1.50. A Girl's Winter in India. By Mary Thorn Carpenter. Il- lus., 12mo, pp. ‘H0. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. $1.50. Across the Plains: Yvith other Memories and Essays. By Robert Louis Stevenson. l'.Zmo, pp. .‘ilT. Charles Scrib- ner‘s Sons. S1.‘-’5. A Tramp Across the Continent. By Charles F. Lummis. author of “A New Mexico David.” lflmo, pp. 270. Charles Scribuer’s Sons. 51.2.3. The J ew at Home: Impressions of a Summer and Autumn Spent with Him. By Joseph Penuell. Illus., l2mo, pp. 10.7. D. Appleton & Co. $1.00. THEOLOGY AND RELIGION. Xndicationsiof the Book of Exodus. By Edward B. Latch, author of “A Review of the Holy Bible.” liimo, pp. 3541. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50. 1892.] THE DIAL 63 The Bible, the Church, and the Reason: The Three Great Fountains of Divine Authority. B Charles Au- gustus ‘Briggs, D.D. Hvo, pp. 298. Char es Scribner’s Sons. 1.75. The Evolution of Christianity. By Lyman Abbott. 12mo, pp. Z38, gilt top. Houghton, Mifliin & Co. $1.25. ThePSoti‘erioIl)ogly3 of t~1I1eANew Testament. By Wilhliam orc er I ose,. . . 12mo pp. 391, uncut. ac- millan & Co. $1.50. ' POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, for May, 1892. Svo, pp. 733 to 896, uncut. Phila- delphia; $1.25. Dictionary of Political Economy. Edited b R. H. Inglis Palgrave, F. R. S. Second Part: Beeke4C arnberlayne. Svo, pp. 120 to 256, uncut. Macmillan & Co. Paper, $1. Pauperism: A Picture and the Endowment of Old Age. An argument by Charles Booth. 12mo, pp..355. Macmillan & Co. $1.25. Man and the State: Taxation and Revenue, the Free-Trade View, by T. G. Shearman; Taxation and Revenue, the Protectionist View, by Prof. Geo e Gunton; The Mone- tary Problem, by “lilliam Potts; he Inunigration Prob- lem, by Z. Sidney Sam on. Nos. ‘Z4 to 27 of Appleton’s "Evolution Series." ch, 10 cts. SCIENCE. Darwin, and after Darwin: An Exposition of the Darwin- ian Theory, and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Ques- tions. By George John Romanes, M.A. Vol. 1., The Darwinian Theory. Illus., 12mo, pp. 460. Open Court Publishing Co. $2.00. The Microscope in Theory and Practice. Translated from the German of Professor Carl Nsegeli and Prof. S. Schwendener. Second edition, illus., 8vo, pp. 382. Mac- millan & Co. $2.60. Record of Scientific Progress for 1891. By Robert Grimshaw, M. E., Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 372. Cassell Pub- lishing C0. $1.51). The Theory ofDynamic Economics. B Simon N. Patton, Ph.D. Svo, pp. 153. University of enn. Publications. Paper, $1.00. E.VGINEERIN'G. Safe Building. A Treatise, giving in the simplest forms the practical and theoretical rules and formulie used in the construction of buildings. By Louis De Coppet Berg, F.A.I.A. Vol. 2, illus. with many diagrams and tables, sq. Bvo. pp. 280. Ticknor & C0. $5.00. Electric Railway Engineering. By Edward Trevert, author of “Ex rimental Electricity." Illus., Pivo, pp. 186. Lynn, Mass.: ubier Publishing Co. $2.00. ED UCA TION.—- TEX T-BOOKS. Aristotle and Ancient Educational Ideals. By Thomas Dav- idson. 12mo, pp. ‘.256. Scribner’s “Great Educators.” $1. Loyola and the Educational System of the Jesuits. B the Rev. Thomas Hughes. 12mo, pp. 30?. Sc-ribner’s “ real: Educators.” $1.00. University Extension: Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the National Conference, Philadelphia, Dec. 29-31, 1891. Compiled by George Francis James, M.A. alto, pp. 2112. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50. The History of Higher Education in Ohio. By George W. Knight, Ph.D., and John R. Commons, A.M. Illus..8vo, pp. 2-">8, paper. Washington: U. S. Bureau of Education. Biological Teaching in our Colleges. By John P. Camp- bell, A.B. Hvo, pp. 183, paper. \Vashington: U. S. Bu- reau of Education. Physical Education in the Public Schools. An eclectic s s- tem of exercises, including the Delsartean principles. R. Anna Morris. Illus., 8vo, pp. 192. American Boolui Co. $1.00. Handbook of School Gymnastics of the Swedish System. By Baron Nils Posse. With 100 tables of exercises and an appendix of movements. Illus., 24mo, pp. 192. Lee & Shepard. 50 cts. Business Book-Keeping: A Manual of Modern Methods. By Geo E. Gay. High School Edition, Single and Double Eiatry. -ito, pp. Z326. Ginu & Co. $1.40. Business Law. A nianual for schools and colleges and everyday use. By Alonzo R. \‘Veed, LL.B. Revised edi- tion, 8vo, pp. 172. D. C. Heath & Co. $1.10. Hints for Language Lessons, and Plans for Grammar Lessons. By John A. MacCabe, M.A. 16n1o, pp. 58. Ginn & Co. 35 cts. Exercises in French Composition. By A. C. Kimball. Based on “ La Belle—Nivernaise." lfimo, pp. 24. D. C. Heath & Co. Paper, 12 cts. COND UCT AND ETIQ UETTE. What to Do: A Companion to “Don’t.” By Mrs. Oliver Bell Bunce. Zi2mo, pp. 72, gilt edges. D. Appleton & Co. 300128. The Art of Entertaining. By M. E. W. Sherwood. 12mo, pp. 404. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. MISCELLANEO US. China Collecting in America. By Alice Morse Earle. Il- lus., Svo, pp. 429. Charles Scribner‘! Sons. $3.00. English Pharisees and French Crocodiles. and other Anglo-French Typical Characters. By Max O‘Rell, author of " A Frenchman in America.” 12mo, pp. 234. Cassell Publishing Co. $1.50. The Escapes of Casanova and Latude from Prison. Ed- ited, with introduction, by P. Villars. Illus., Svo, pp. 423. Macmillan‘s “ Adventure Series." $1.50. Books Condemned to be Burnt. By James Anson Farrar. liimo, pp. ‘.20-1, uncut. “Booklover’s Library.” A. C. Armstrong & Son. $1.25. Haverford College Studies. 8vo, pp. 108, uncut. Published by the College. Paper, $1.00. The Test Pronouncer: A Companion to “7,000 Words often Misprononnced,” containing the identical list of words found in the larger work. By William H. P. Phyffe. llimo, pp. 82. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 50 cts. The Technique of Rest. By Anna C. Brackett. 18mo, pp. 178. Harper & Brothers. 75 cts. A CARD TO THE TRADE. IN answer to the various rumors that the copyright of " Uncle Tom's Cabin ” has expired, we beg to submit, in addition to what we said in the Publishers’ Weekly of April 16th, the opinion of the following eminent counsel, Hon. EDMUND H. BENNETT, Dean of the Law School of the Boston University, and CHARLES C. BEA- MAN, Esq., of the law firm of Evarts, Clioate & Beaman, New York, and to repent what we have before stated, that it is our purpose to pursue to the extent of the law any person who shall “ print, publish, sell, or expose for sale” any unauthorized edition of said book (luring the ex- istence of the copyright, in behalf of Mrs. Stowe, whose chief income is derived from “ Uncle Tom's Cabin." Bosron, May 5th, 1802. Messrs. Houonrox, Mirrmn & Co., Gentlemen : —l have investigated the facts in regard to the securing and the renewal of the copyright on the book entitled “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin," and have examined the statutes and decisions of the United States Courts, bearing upon those facts, and I am of the opinion that you would be able to ob- tain an injunction against any person who shall, without your consent, "print. publish, sell, or expose for sale,” any copy of said book within the term limited by law for the duration of said copyright. EDMUND H. BENNETT. New York, May -')th, 18-.’7.?.—I concur in the above opinion. CHARLES C. BEAMAN. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON AXD NEW YORK- 64 THE DIAL [June, 1892. THE NEW WEBSTER’S DICTIONARY. ‘Re-Edited and ‘Re-Set from Cover to Cover. FULLY Annmsr on run Tums. The Jluthentic Webster's Unabridged ‘Dictionary, compris- ’ ing the issues of I864, '79, and '84 (still copyrighted), has S been thoroughly revised and enlarged, under the supervision of é_7\(’oah l°orter, ’D.D., LL.D., of Yale University, and as a distinguishing title, bears the name of W EBS TER’S INTERNATIQNAL INTERNATIONAL ‘DICTIONARY. ‘The work of revision occupied over ten years, more than a hundred editorial laborers having been employed, and over $300,000 expended before the first copy was printed. Critical comparison with any other ‘Diftionary is irrvited. A GRAND INVESTMENT sou) BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. For the Family, the School, the Profes- A Pamphlet of Specimen Pages, Illustrations, Testimonials, etc., sent free by sional or Private Library. the Publishers. CAUTION is needed in purchasing a Dictionary. as photographic reprints of an obsolete and comparatively worthless edition of Webster are being marketed under various names and often by misrepresentation. GET THE BEST, the Inrnnnsrxonsn, which bears the imprint of G. & C. MERRIAM CO., PUBLISHERS, SPRINGFIELD, MAss., U. S. A. First American Edition of Mr. Sharp's Poems. No. 830 Broadway, New York, have just issued JUST PUBLIsHED_ a large Illustrated Catalogue of FLO I ‘Rare and Standard ‘Books Romantic Ballads and Sospiridi Roma. By W'ILLlAM SHARP, author (with Miss HOWARD) _ _ _ of “ A Fellowe and His V\"ife,” “ Life and Letters of Sent gfaifl and P051 free on ¢1P,l>ll¢ail0"- Joseph Severn,” etc. \Vith Introduction l)_vTHOMAS A. JANVIER, and Portrait of the author. Tastefully bound in cloth, with specially designed cover. $1.50. 5- J- B°Wm7"- ‘G1’-Q D- smT“- Contains the poems which Mr. Sharp considers his one ofrhe mos; ingemsling coll“-riom eve,» oflg,-ed_ most representative work. As one of the leading Eu- glish poets of the younger generation, his publishers anticipate for his “ Flower 0' the Vine ” equal success ' ' ' l d ' l) ' d ' E l d f E A G LE P E N C l L C O M PA N Y '5 lieA§§fi§'§§Qlliii¢ii"i§§e'f,’leZe§@.§“il'.e "g Ur “ His Ballads are not mere masses of rhymes dexterously S fitted together; they are poems with living s0uls.”—lllr. Jan- vier’s Introduction. “ The diction of the ‘Sospiri ’ is almost alwlag: felicitous, often quite exquisite. . . . Often the ve we give pleas- Made 11 and PIQCQSS, ure. irrespective of their context.”—The llienreurn. “ A new poem that wakes the imagination marks quite an ASl< yOur Clealér fOr them. era in our life. A gift of this rare kind we owe to Mr. \Vill- iam Sharp in ‘ Romantic Ballads,’ for this little volume con- tains some of the truest imaginative poetry.”4T/ie Academy. SAMPLES FREE ON APPLICATION T0 FOR ssu-: BY ALL BOOKBELLERS. EAGLE PENCW CO-» CHARLES L. WEBSTER & COMPANY, :‘7\(‘0. 73 Franklin Street, . . <‘7\('EW YORK. 67 Fifth Avenue. - - - NEW YORK CITY- THE DIAL VOL. XIII. JULY, 1892. N0. 147. CONTENTS- LANDOR. Melville B. Anderson . . . . . . . . 71 FINANCl% OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. HenryC.Adums . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 THE EVOLUTION OF ANTIQUE ART. Sara A. Hubbard...............74 ENGLAND’S INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL HISTORY. Jeremiah l‘V.Jen/cs . . . . . . 76 SOME RECENT DISCUSSIONS IN RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY. W1'1list0n b'.Hough . . . . 77 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . . . . . . R2 Stebbing’s Sir \Valter Ralegh, a Biogl-aphy.— Price's From the Arctic Ocean to the Yellow Sea.— Birrell’s Res Judicat:.e.—Stevenson’s Across the Plains.——I)a— vidson's Aristotle and the Ancient Educational Ideals. —Hughes’s Loyola and the Educational System of the Jesuits. — Harrison’s The New Calendar of Great Men.~-Hogg’s The Uncollected VVriting*s of Thomas De Quincey.—Morley’s English “Iriters. Vol. VIII. '— Rocquain’s The Revolutionary Spirit Preceding the French Revolution.—Winter's Shakespeare’s En- gland.“ Meserole's Selections from The Spectator. TOPICS IN JULY PERIODICALS . . . . . . . 86 BOOKS OF THE MONTH . 8'; LANDoIt.* The life of Ivalter Savage Landor connects, as does that of no other English literary man, the 18th with the 19th century. Born thir- teen years before Byron, he survived by four years De Quincey and Macaulay. Perhaps an American may better realize the enormous span of his life, by being told that Landor was born in the year of Bunker Hill and died in that of Gettysburg. His literary activity contin- ued through a period longer than the sum of all the years of his two early contemporaries, Byron and Shelley. His first book was pub- lished in 1795, when he was twenty years old; his last in 1863, when he was eighty-eight. For three-score and ten years he was a diligent student and author; yet some authors whose lit- erary activity covers not a fourth as much time have left a much greater bulk of printed matter. TIMAGXNARY Corrvnns/vrlons. By Walter Savage Lan- dor. With Bibliographical and Explanatory Notes by Chas. G. Crnmp. In six volumes. New York: Macmillan & Co. For several reasons this proud, terse writer is peculiarly worthy of attention to-day. The output of books is as excessive as the coinage of silver dollars, and in the one case as in the other the problem of storage begins to give con- cern. There is no such difliculty about the gold. Landor is one of the last of the virile race of literary goldsmiths who purged their metal of all baser alloy and wrought it curi- ously and daintily before displaying it as mer- chandise. To-day, when everybody writes and reads Views, Reviews, and Reviews of Reviews, it is highly instructive to linger over the com- pact pages of one whose literary conscience was so stern. If, as Carlyle persuades us, to labor is to pray, then Landor put prayer into every page he wrote ; and his example might well shame the copious industry of some later authors who would fain substitute the pious will for the strenuous deed. Landor, no doubt, is an old-fashioned writer. His fashion is to express noble and touching thoughts in the very choicest and concisest terms: an old fashion which must be revived if the recorded words of men are to be long preserved. Why is he so little read? Mr. Sidney Colvin, who has done more than any one else for Landor’s fame, gives the following reasons: First, being classical rather than romantic, he naturally appeals to a smaller public ; secondly, he exhibits a want of literary tact in writing for himself rather than for oth- ers; thirdly, his works lack consecutiveness and organic construction ; fourthly, despite his constant effort to be clear, he is often ob- scure by reason of over-condensation. It is very difficult to say anything worth while about this author after Mr. Colvin’s ele- gant criticism; accordingly I take pleasure in referring the reader, for a fuller statement of the case for and against Landor, to the preface to Colvin’s “ Selections from Landor ” in the Golden Treasury,—- a little book worthy of a place in the selectest library, however small. More recently Mr. W. E. Henley, a Scotch- man who seems to have borrowed hammer and tongs from the critical armory of the “ savage and tartarly” school, has urged that “Lan- (lor’s imagination is not only inferior in kind but poverty-stricken in degree ” ; that as a dramatic writer he was incapable of conceiving the capacities of his situations, and conse- 72 THE DIAL [J111y, quently has failed to develop them; that his abruptness “ is identical with a certain sort of what in men of lesser mould is called stupid- ity ”; and more to like effect. Mr. Colvin’s enumeration of Land0r’s limit- ations is thoroughly judicious, while Mr. Hen- ley’s indictment may be best met by reminding ourselves that Landor was writing conversa- tions and not’ dramas. His aim was not to de- velop situations, not primarily to create char- acters—though he has created some,— but rather to put appropriate thoughts and opin- ions into the mouths of famous men and women of many lands and ages. But critics of Mr. Henley’s stamp care little for an author’s aim, —0therwise the following characteristic sen- tence of Landor’s would have less point than it unfortunately still has: “The eyes of crit- ics, whether in commending qr carping, are both on one side, like a turbot’s.” Readers who refrain from looking in Lan- dor for what he never purposed to give, will not be likely to complain with Mr. Henley of his poverty of imagination. It was by no means with the great dramatists that Lan- dor would have thought of comparing his “Imaginary Conversations,” but rather with the great writers of dialogue. He makes Bar- row say to Newton: “I do not urge you to write in dialogue, although the best writers of every age have done it: the best parts of Ho- mer and Milton are speeches and replies, the best parts of every great historian are the same: the wisest men of Athens and of Rome converse together in this manner, as they are shown to us by Xenophon, by Plato, and by Cicero.” Again, in his conversation between the two Ciceros, he makes Tully say “that the conversations of Socrates would have lost their form and force, delivered in any other man- ner." These remarks are recognized as hav- ing a personal reference; without them, how- ever, it is surely obvious to any sympathetic reader that La.ndor’s aim is primarily the lively and dramatic utterance of thought and opinion ; only secondarily the creation of character ; and that greatly as he cares for the suf/gestion of situation, he cares hardly at all for its devel- opment. Significant for Landor’s choice of form is the fact that he was, like Milton, “ long choos- ing and beginning late.” It was in 1824, when he was nearly fifty, that his first “Imaginary Conversations” were published. By the time a man is fifty he has had occasion to make himself tolerably familiar with his powers and limitations; and it was plainly by a sort of natural selection that Landor finally hit upon the one literary method suited to his genius. He must have discovered, with or without the help of the critics, that his forte was in con- centrated vigor rather than in continuity. By skilful management of the dialogue form, how- ever, this very defect in continuity might be turned to good account; accordingly his con- versations are full of the subtle transitions and abrupt turns and returns of real conversa- tion: they are never dissertations in dialogue. All reservations having been made, he is certainly one of our greatest masters of prose. In sentence form he is perhaps more exem- plary than any other: no writer is crisper or clearer. His diction is of the choicest, though for the taste of to-day inclining a trifle too much, perhaps, to Latinism. “ During my stay at this inn called Human Life, I would- trust anything to the chambermaids rather than my English tongue.” Having a full mind, the fruit of wide reading and deep reflection, he could afford to write clearly and concisely. “Clear writers, like clear fountains, do not seem so deep as they are: the turbid look most profound.” Writing to please himself, not the clientele of some review,—still less any sect or faction,— he could afford to write carefully and with his eye on the object. “I hate false words, and seek with care, difficulty, and moroseness, those that fit the thing.” Not being the slave of an editor or of a publisher, he could dwell upon his work; and, having abundant harvests, he could winnow. No writer has fewer commonplaces: “I have expunged many thoughts for their close resemblance to what others had written, whose works I never saw until after.” To me, two of the most delightful features of the “Imaginary Conversations” are the tenderness so frequently displayed, and the delicate but sure handling of female character. I know of no more exquisite pathos. no more refined expression of the love of man and wo- man, no more truth to woman’s subtler instincts, than are to be found in such conversations as those between ]Esop and Rhodope, between Epicurus, Leontion, and Ternissa, between Achilles and Helena, between Agamemuon and Iphigeneia, between Dante and Beatrice. Of Landor as a thinker, Mr. Colvin quotes Lowell to the effect that, in the region of dis- cursive thought, we cannot so properly call him a great thinker as a man who had great thoughts. At any rate, he dwells habitually, 1892.] THE DIAL 73 as Milton did, among great thoughts, and gives them memorable and original expression. If he is as discontinuous as Emerson. he is no less suggestive; if as immethodical as Mon- taigne, he is as far from writing any subject to the dregs. Mr. Henley asserts that he is a writer for writers: as everybody to-day writes, he should have a large audience. In truth, it were well if all who think of writing would read him: in these days of vulgar diction and slipshod periods, and the low thoughts they ac- company, Landor should be as tonic as an ocean breeze. But, if little read, he is at least u-all read; he is not the only great author whose audience remains “fit but few.” In- deed, he expected nothing else; an artist, he worked for the few who value refinement. “ Poetry was always my amusement, prose my study and business. I have published five volumes of ‘Imaginary Conversations’; cut the worst of them through the middle, and there will remain in this decimal fraction quite enough to satisfy my appetite for fame. I shall dine late; but the dining room will be well lighted, the guests few and select.” The present edition of the Conversations is entirely adequate. Mr. Crnmp has done the editorial work unostentatiously, and appar- ently with great thoroughness. The principal changes made by the author in the text are given,--a matter of great interest in the case of so careful a writer as Landor. MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. FINANCES OF THE AMEl(I(f,\N REVOLUTION.* A student of the financial history of the United States welcomes any book which gath- ers together the scattered facts pertaining to the financial administration of the Revolution- ary War. This Professor Sumner has under- taken to do in a recent publication to which he has given the title, “The Financier and the Finances of the American Revolution,” and he has done it in a very successful manner. It is, however, a difiicult task ; for, as he remarks in his preface, “ The financial history of the Revolution is very obscure. The most import- ant records of the financial administration be- tween 1775 and 1781 are lost. The finances ‘ Tm-; FINANCIER AND rnr. Fnmxoxs or rm: AMERI- CAI!‘ Rl'.‘VOLL'Tl0N. By William Graham Sumner, Professor of Political and Social Science, Yale University. In two vol- umes. New York : Dodd, Mead & Co. of the Continental Congress had no proper boundary. In one point of view they seem never to have had any finances; in another the whole administration was financial.” It is im- possible to discover any principles worthy the name of financial principles in the manner in which the treasury of the Continental Con- gress was conducted. The history of the pe- riod is most instructive because of what it teaches by contrast. There is another reason why a careful study of Robert Morris and his work in connection with the Revolutionary War is acceptable. The reputation of Alexander Hamilton as a finan- cier is believed by some to be greater than is warranted by any financial achievement trace- able to his influence. It seems to have been forgotten that Morris preceded him and that Gallatin followed him, the latter of whom at least was his equal in the mastery of financial details and in the grasp of political principles, though not possessed of so vigorous a personal- ity. The over-praise of Hamilton as a financier is due to one of those accidents that sometimes control the writing of history; but now that Mr. Adams has given us the life of Gallatin, and Professor Sumner has placed within the reach of the student a sketch of Morris’s re- lation to the Revolutionary treasury, it is to be hoped that our histories will in time cease to be distorted by over-praise of the financier of the Federalist party. There is little in the personal biography of Morris to claim attention. His father was a Liverpool merchant, and early sent his son, Robert Morris, J r., to