The student of American
"The President was happy. Says he is amused with history must read these volumes; the general
the manners and views of some who address him, who
tell him that he is now reëlected and can do just as he
reader certainly will do so, if once he discovers
has a mind to, which means that he can do some un-
their quality. To the careful student, aware of
worthy thing that the person who addresses him has a what has been written during the past quarter-
mind to. There is very much of this."
century, they will not in many points be subver-
Secretary Welles saw clearly the quagmire sive of estimates of men and events already
into which unwise currency measures were lead- entertained. Secretary Welles saw at the start
ing the country. In February of 1864 he wrote: / much that it has taken a generation of patient


250
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scholarship to work out bit by bit. This Diary barrenness of the old cut-and-dried system and
gives a good test of the accuracy of the work its complete want of relationship with the pro-
which our historical investigators have been gressive thinking that was moving the minds of
doing on the period of the Civil War and Recon the early nineteenth century and of later days.
struction, and in general the result of that test Moreover, the detailed struggle in the older
is favorable. As Mr. Morse puts it in his Intro colleges for some slight recoguition of modern
duction : "There is a remarkable agreement thought, language, and science ; the chary con-
between what he wrote in those days when our cessions grudingly allowed; the tariff of a less
past was his present, and what our historians credit imposed on elective studies ; and a host
and biographers are now setting forth as the of devices to protect the prestige of traditional
dispassionate valuations of posterity. Such scholarship,--all these present a quaint appear-
harmony is agreeably reassuring as to the ac ance to retrospective vision, like the mental
curacy of the judgments which we are today costumes of bygone days. The same applies to
accepting."
W. H. Johnson. the incident in the '40's at Harvard, when the
Faculty voted that no student shall pursue more
than one modern language at a time, and Pro-
THE STORY OF THE COLLEGE
fessor Longfellow protested, but was unable to
CURRICULUM.*
persuade the Corporation to set aside the ruling
It is natural to assume that the history of the of the Faculty. It would be wrong to suppose
college curriculum would make a dull story. that any very perverse myopia of the Faculties,
Professor William T. Foster, now President of or any unconscious lodgment of motes, limited
the newly founded Reed College at Portland, or obscured their vision. There seem to have
Oregon, has shown that it may be made distinctly been at all periods progressive groups of men
interesting and profitable withal. His book is - sedate insurgents, if you please — who were
equally strong on the critical and constructive
thinking freely and deeply on the problem of
as on the historical side. It presents an admir- the College. The Amherst Report of 1826 is
able statement of the growth, significance, and indeed a notable and inspiring document. To us
future problems of the elective system and of it rings with conviction ; but it failed to find a
the allied interests of the college curriculum. sufficient support for practical embodiment.
As a result of the survey, it becomes clearer
“Human nature seems to have decreed that the
than ever that the spirit of Thomas Jefferson history of education shall be one long record
gave the distinctive trend to much that we of clear conceptions of needs a generation in
properly and proudly call American in modern advance of their realization.”
education. We may be surprised to learn that
The later evolution of the curriculum under
Jefferson urged “ the first President of the Re the impetus of the elective system which Presi-
public to support his astounding scheme for
dent Eliot vitalized, is more familiar. The latest
uprooting the entire faculty of the academy of reaction against its too exclusive absorption of
Geneva and planting it in the State of Virginia.” the curriculum, and against the abuses which
But we soon realize that the fundamental convic it encouraged, resulted in the revision of the
tion that a newer institution could alone express
Harvard rules as almost the first action of Presi-
the needs of the newer community was certain to
dent Lowell's regime. At this stage the matter
bear fruit in one way if not in another. Jefferson becomes one for expert diagnosis ; and doctors
was the founder of the elective system; and its will continue to agree or disagree according to
alma mater was the University of Virginia. It is their training and temperament. Mr. Foster
well that Mr. Foster has so convincingly shown
brings the discussion down to the present, and,
that the credit belongs here; and that the men
while urging his own position, presents the case
who by their contact with German institutions fairly. At this stage the politics of education
are commonly associated with the early begin-
replaces its history.
nings of the movement at Harvard (Ticknor
Educational “ shop" has a larger justifica-
and Everett), in so far as they were not in tion than the technical business of many profes-
reality opposed to the system, owed their more sions; for those in training for all sorts and
favorable attitude to Jefferson. It is quite im-
conditions of vocations are exposed to its pro-
possible for us at this day to realize the utter
cedures. The present endeavor is directed to
* ADMINISTRATION OF THE COLLEGE CURRICULUM. By
providing efficient concentration together with
William T. Foster, President of Reed College. Boston:
a broadening diffusion of interests. “Thou shalt
Houghton Mifflin Co.
know much of one thing,” “ Thou shalt know


1911.]
251
THE DIAL
somewhat of many things," and " Thou shalt with an optimistic forecast of the ideal College,
choose what thou wilt know," seem to be the not in terms of a Utopia but as a realizable
chief of the commandments, and the rest are possibility.
like unto them. How this reasonable desider What may be the most serious criticism of all
atum is to be encouraged is well set forth in is not touched upon. There are many, very
these pages ; and the argument makes a plea for many, of those responsibly connected with the
the value of statistical investigation to replace academic life who agree with the prevailing
guess-work and impressionism. That success in strictures of the American college. Why do
college bears a reasonable relation to success they not assert themselves? Why do they aid
in life may be statistically established. Systems and abet what at bottom fails to command their
and innovations may be so weighed in the educa sincere sympathy, their best enthusiasm, their
tional balance as in due season to be certified deepest loyalty ? There must be some singleness
as full weight or found wanting.
of cause for so many related symptoms. As yet,
Mr. Foster's constructive proposals urge the those who refer it to the unwise domination of
recognition of quality along with quantity of the administrative organization within the col.
work. Yet such is the human (including pro- lege have presented the strongest brief. These
fessorial) frailty that any such premium will be things are vital; the curriculum is secondary
adjusted to favor the professed domain of each thereto. College politics must give way to col-
professor. Hence a scientific marking system lege statesmanship. Such a book as this is a
must be introduced that shall at once rate the helpful and hopeful contribution to the cam-
student and disclose the personal equation of paign literature.
JOSEPH JASTROW.
the instructor with the brutal disregard attach-
ing to “ probable errors" and curves of distri.
bution. All this belongs to the shop; it is worth
careful consideration by those of the profession,
FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF A MOUNTAIN
who will promptly find its limitations and short-
LOVER.*
comings. Mr. Foster is aware of these, and
As a revelation of “the glory and freedom
aware also of the fact that the salvation to be
of the out-of-doors” exemplified in the Sierra
looked for in methods is most imperfect, is in-
Nevada Mountains in and about the Yosemite
deed not vital. Yet machinery we must have ;
and those who run it should have a large sense
Valley, Mr. Muir's narrative of his first impres-
sions in those regions is most charming and re-
of the why and the wherefore of its working and
freshing. It takes the reader by dusty trails into
the qualities demanded of the product.
forest fastnesses of sugar pine, incense cedar,
A more general interest attaches to the con-
cluding chapter discussing “Our Democratic
and giant redwood, along purling brooks and
American College.” The reading thereof will
mountain torrents, through tangles of bracken
and azalea, and across mountain meadows aglow
not add to one's complacency. The College is
the object of severe criticism, some of it just
with a thousand blossoms, to the precipice's
brink, and up to fields of perpetual snow, and
and wholesome, some of it carping, some of it
to the rugged crags of the backbone of the
misleading though outspoken, some of it mis.
continent.
leading because too discreetly reticent and cir-
cumspect. Above the confusion of fault-find-
Even more satisfying than the painstaking
ing-in itself a welcome relief from the vapidity
and often rather elaborate descriptions of forest
of Baotian laudation—a resounding note makes
trees, of shrubs of the chaparral and chamisal,
itself heard, the false commercial standards and
and of the flowers of the sunny slopes and wet
appraisals of college life. The bid for numbers,
meadows, are the personal glimpses of the lover
of trees and of blossoms which this narrative
the advertising of athletics and other side-shows,
reveals. “I sat a long time beneath the tallest
the coddling of the lame, the halt, and the blind,
the cavalierly student attitude toward scholar-
fronds, and never enjoyed anything in the
nature of a bower of wild leaves more strangely
ship, the distorted appraisal of professorial
qualities and activities, may all be presented as
impressive. Only spread a fern frond over a
variations of a common theme. It may be a
man's head, and worldly cares are cast out, and
freedom and beauty and peace come in. The
trite and a prosaic one; unfortunately, the
American public has still to learn how to listen
*MY FIRST SUMMER IN THE SIERRA. By John Muir.
With illustrations from drawings made by the Author in
to it. Frank diagnosis does not exclude hopeful
1869, and from Photographs by Herbert W. Gleason. Boston:
prognosis. President Foster closes his chapter | Houghton Mifflin Co.


252
[Oct. 1,
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waving of a pine tree on the top of a mountain,
- a magic wand in Nature's hand, — every
devout mountaineer knows its power; but the
marvellous beauty value of what the Scotch
call a breckan in a still dell, what poet has
sung this? It would seem impossible that
anyone, however incrusted with care, could
escape the Godful influence of these sacred fern
forests.” His pages are all brim-full of the
glowing enthusiasm of youth and the exhilara-
tion of first impressions of the wonders of the
mountains.
Yet withal it was a humble errand that took
this poet-wanderer to the brink of the Yosemite
– that of sharing with Billy (the shepherd)
the care of two thousand sheep, the “ hoofed
locusts” whose busy nibbling strips the moun-
tain side or forest floor of every trace of edible
verdure. Stupid animals too, balking at every
brook till pressed into the flood by men and
dogs, or madly plunging in to return to the rest
of the flock after having been carried across
in the vain hope that the others might follow.
The loneliness and monotony of the shepherd's
life that have brought many a herder to the
madhouse, gave to our author the chance to
acquaint himself with the flowers and trees,
with the wild animals of the forests and moun.
tains, and to explore lakes, snowfields, and
mountain peaks, and even to drop down into
the desert beyond the range to crater-nestling
Mono Lake with its Indian village.
It was little sympathy or comradeship that
could be had from Shepherd Billy, a soul
befogged beneath mean pleasures and cares,
who declined to walk a mile to the brink of the
Yosemite Valley to see a “ hole in the ground.”
So the author turned to his faithful dog Carlo,
to the sheep, the bears, squirrels, marmots,
chipmucks, — yes, even to the lizards, ants, and
grasshoppers ; and found in these an unfailing
source of interest and companionship in the
solitude of the wilderness.
Mr. Muir's first impressions of the Yosemite
Valley will keenly interest all those whose own
eyes have caught that never-to-be-forgotten first
glimpse into this superb chasm with its roaring
cataracts and peaceful valley.
“I came at length to the brow of that massive cliff
that stands between Indian Canon and Yosemite Falls,
and here the far-famed valley came suddenly into view
throughout almost its whole extent. The noble walls —
sculptured into endless variety of domes and gables,
spires and battlements and plain mural precipices --- all
a-tremble with the thunder tones of the falling water.
The level bottom seemed to be dressed like a garden, -
weith the na to es and evange tilage.
sunny meadows here and there, and groves of pine and
oak; the river of Mercy sweeping in majesty through
the midst of them and flashing back the sunbeams. The
great Tissiаck, or Half-Dome, rising at the upper end of
the valley to a height of nearly a mile, is nobly propor-
tioned and life-like, the most impressive of all the rocks,
holding the eye in devout admiration, calling it back
again and again from falls or meadows, or even the
mountains beyond, - marvellous cliffs, marvellous in
sheer dizzy depth and sculpture, types of endurance."
The blithe and venturesome spirit of the
writer and his bubbling enthusiasm over each
new tree or flower, his apostrophes to brook and
water-fall, to the sunrise and the sunset, to the
cloudless summer days, to the passing storm,
might become wearisome were they not so sin-
cerely genuine. They afford enticing glimpses
into Nature's Wonderland to those who have
not been there, and will stir many fond recol-
lections in the hearts of those who have “ sum-
mered in the Sierras."
“Here ends my forever memorable first High Sierra
excursion. I have crossed the Range of Light, surely
the brightest and best of all the Lord has built; and
rejoicing in its glory, I gladly, gratefully, hopefully
pray I may see it again."
As President of the Sierra Club, California's
band of lovers of the mountains and devotees of
the out-of-door world, Mr. Muir has not only
visited the mountains again and again, but he has
inspired hundreds of others with an enthusiasm
for the forest glades, glistening snowfields, and
towering peaks of our high Sierras. He has also
led a valiant and successful fight for the preser-
vation of these playgrounds for a sturdy and
virile race. The American people will some day
come to utilize and enjoy this heritage of which
they now know all too little and which they value
too lightly. Mr. Muir's book will surely do a
service in adding to the numbers of those who
will know and love these American Alps and be
watchful and ready to protect their treasures
against the assaults of commercial greed and the
irreparable damage by axe and fire which in a
few short years can sweep away forever the
forest growths of centuries, aye of thousands of
years, and replace the great trees and the water-
falls with a desert and a turbid but evanescent
flood.
The book is illustrated with numerous cuts
from pencil-sketches made in the author's note-
book long ago, and many well-chosen plates
from photographs by Mr. Herbert W. Gleason,
the veteran photographer known to all who have
shared in the memorable summer outings of the
Sierra Club in California's mountains.
CHARLES ATWOOD KOFOID.
ship that


1911.]
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sults of observation and experiment. It is for
THE NEW VOICE OF Philosophy.*
this reason that “ L'Evolution Créatrice," or
Philosophy itself has undergone an evolution its English translation, may already be seen in
not unlike that of some genus of animals. At biological laboratories everywhere, and has be-
one moment, having before us the records of the come a common subject of conversation among
past, we are astonished at the antiquity of its naturalists who take little interest in the rami-
fundamental ideas, and even the little details of fications of orthodox philosophy.
the patterns with which these are embroidered. Reviewers have agreed in praising Bergson's
Just as we have concluded that there is nothing | pellucid style, and justly so; yet a very able
new under the sun, we find ourselves projected scientific man, an ardent Bergsonian, has said
into a fresh atmosphere, where everything is that he read the book five times before he fully
transformed. Philosophy has suffered a muta understood it. Such a book is like a well-
tion; and whether we regard the phenomenon as ordered museum, in which everything is prop-
merely kaleidoscopic or not, for us there is a fresh erly exhibited and labelled, but the mind cannot
outlook, and old things have new meanings. appreciate the details at a single visit. In a cer-
While the majority of academic philosophers tain sense, no reader can be said to fully under-
have been content to reiterate (as William James stand a book like this, if only for the reason
put it), “what dusty-minded professors have that he is not the author. We may even press
written about what other previous professors the point further, and remark that the author
have thought," an occasional individual, with himself is hazy on certain points —as, indeed,
more originality and independence, has ventured | he freely confesses. The very character of the
on a new path. It is comparatively easy to be work, which makes it so stimulating, results
original if one does not mind being absurd, and largely from the fact that it represents a striv-
departures from the beaten track have so gen- | ing toward that wbich is not accomplished.
erally resulted in disaster that the orthodox | The very essence of the Bergsonian doctrine,
have repeatedly felt confirmed in their belief | as indicated by the title of the book, is that true
that everything worth while was known to the evolution is creative, having indeed impulses and
ancients. “Favorable variations” are those directions which may readily be observed, but
which are adapted to some features in the ex naïve, unforseeable in the details of its future
isting environment — arrangements which set operations. Past life, as we view it from the
up new partnerships, as it were, in the com-
present, seems like a picture painted on a canvas;
merce of life. They represent purposeful orig but we are not to conceive that all future life
inality, or what comes to the same thing in its is also painted there, only invisible because the
practical outcome. Philosophy has found new canvas is rolled up. The intellect naturally
opportunities of this sort in the development adopts a mechanical point of view, because man
of modern sciences, while science itself has in. is a tool-making animal, and the principal use
creasingly felt the need of philosophical inter of his mind is to aid his hand in fashioning
pretation. The way has therefore been open objects for his use. The mind is adapted for
for the man of genius who could unite the loose dealing with things, with concrete objects,
ends of current knowledge and thought, and with segregated phenomena. Though we per-
weave them into useable strands after a manner ceive the flow of evolution, it is in the manner
of his own. Such “purposeful originality” was of the cinematograph, which produces apparent
exhibited by Herbert Spencer, who was pro movement by rapidly superimposing a series of
tected by a happy combination of ignorance of motionless figures. Science chops up reality
tradition and natural independence from falling | into little blocks, which it then treats as separate
into the deep-worn ruts of his predecessors. The entities. It is willing to chop ever finer, as the
ponderous outcome, criticizable as it may be, had refinement of its methods increases; but always,
a tremendous influence, and will always remain of necessity, it deals with “ things” or “phe-
a great example of philosophic thought taking nomena." Now, says Bergson, all this is inevi-
its roots in science. Bergson is as different table and desirable, equally from the nature of
from Spencer as well may be, and yet resembles man and the necessities of his existence. We
him in going to the science of his day for data, have no quarrel with science or with mechan-
and striving to build up a scheme which shall ism, except to this extent: that we must insist
equally interpret and be interpreted by the re that they represent only one way, and that a
*CREATIVE EVOLUTION. By Henri Bergson. Translated
specialized way, of determining truth. Man is
by Arthur Mitchell. New York : Henry Holt & Co. the outcome of a long evolutional history, in


254
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
which he has become what he is, not only by | tual, that faculty obscures the other, even dur-
developing greatly in certain directions, but ing the process of attempting to show that it
also by throwing many things overboard. The should not do so.
apparatus with which we judge the universe Reality flows, and hence through intuition
was not designed, as it were, for that purpose, we come nearer to it than by our intellectual
but for a comparatively restricted and special processes, which cut it up into blocks, and then
one. Our master key, as we have supposed it, attempt to piece it together again. Hence feel-
will not open every door. Little reflection, | ing arises superior to thinking. This flow of
and a very moderate knowledge of animal life, being is real time or duration. The mechan-
suffices to convince us of the truth of this con istic conception, that of modern physics and
tention; but the question naturally arises, what mathematics, destroys time by positing every-
can we do about it? Made as we are, we must thing at once. Rigidly applied, it gives us a
be what we are, and the intellect cannot tran universe ready-made in every detail from the
scend itself. Bergson escapes from this impo start. It matters not if that part of the arrange-
tent conclusion by considering that, after all, we ment which we place in the future is hidden
are not purely intellectual beings. In a study from us, the picture is all there ready to be
of comparative psychology, it appears that intel | unrolled, and a sufficiently powerful intellect
lect and instinct are not stages of one and the might perceive it all at once. Time thus becomes
same thing, but different things. The begin simply another dimension of an unchangeable
nings of instinct are scarcely to be distinguished and rigid universe. As Sir George Darwin once
from the ordinary life processes of the animals suggested, it is simply a matter of the higher
exhibiting them. They arise out of and are con mathematics to foretell all of the future. Against
current with those processes which are in fact all this, Bergson brings forward the luminous
continuous, not cut up into " phenomena” as we idea that life embodies in its present the whole
artificially see them in our laboratories. The of its past, or at least is conditioned by it, and
outcome of instinct in its higher developments flows on to a future which is unpredictable
is intuition, which is regarded by Bergson not because essentially new. This idea cannot be
as a sort of incoherent intellectual phenomenon, applied rigidly, for the reason that living beings
but as something quite else, the fruition of themselves consist of “ matter," which behaves
another faculty. Of necessity guided in our as non-living matter may. The point may be
thinking by our intellects, we possess at the illustrated, however, by comparing, let us say,
same time the intuitive faculty, which is close oneself with a piece of iron. The iron may
to life and flows with it. Through it we may yesterday have existed in iron sulphate, the day
become conscious of truth wbich would never before in carbonate, and so on through all pos-
be apprehended by the intellect alone. Hence sible combinations, but to-day it is simply iron,
the paradox of life, the continually felt obliga- without anything to show that it was not always
tion to do and believe things which science and thus. It has thus no real history ; its past has
logic cannot justify. How large a part this no grip upon it. With myself I feel it to be
non-intellectual element plays in our lives is quite otherwise. The sorrows and joys, suc-
evident when we think of the emotions which cesses and failures of my past life are stamped
make life worth living. Bergson speculates on upon my being ; so also are the vicissitudes of
the possibility that there might have existed my ancestors through millions of years of evolu-
beings similar to ourselves, but almost or quite tion. The evolutionary process has not, it seems,
wholly guided by instinct or intuition; com- merely been a shuffling of the cards – it has
munities so constituted would certainly be more been a continuous flow, possessing “real dura-
orderly and contented, as witness the ants. It tion,” conditioned by its past, yet new as well
is also questioned whether the two faculties as old at every moment of its history. Life is
might have been equally highly developed, but thus to be compared, not with specific objects or
it is suggested that the great advancement of substances in the inanimate world, but rather
one necessitates the reduction of the other. It with the whole universe itself.
seems probable, however, that Bergson himself, Intuitively, we feel all this. Gaze upon a
in the course of his argument, does not ade beautiful picture, fresh from the hand of the
quately appreciate the refinements of the intui. artist. Science tells us that there is nothing
tional side of our being, owing to the fact that new. Every particle consists of substances
the other aspect lends itself so much better to which existed before the picture was dreamed
discussion. The treatment itself being intellec- | of; all that has happened is that they have been


1911.]
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newly arranged. Yet we know, beyond question, philosophy; whole sections of it are left without
we see that which never existed before from the consideration. In particular the very interest-
beginning of time; we do not believe that the ing discussion of the actual course of plant and
picture was postulated in the primeval mind, was animal evolution should be widely read, even
part of a ready-made scheme of things, simply by those who do not care for the strictly phil-
waiting to be brought to our attention. All this, osophical parts of the book. Many things, not
indeed, without in the least denying the conclu- actually in the work, are suggested by it; thus
sions of the intellect, so far as they are entitled | a treatment of history from the Bergsonian point
to go, but demanding to be freed from the rigid of view. In discussing scientific activity, I think
fatalism which must result from applying them it could be shown that whereas the operations
to the realities of life itself.
and results of science are intellectual, the main-
Bergson, therefore, has grappled with the real spring of scientific activity is instinctive or intu-
problem of the universe, and has tried to give | itional. The scientific man lives more in reality
us a body of truth capable of serving the needs than Bergson perhaps allows, but his wares,
of all our faculties. In the very nature of the when baked and ready for the market, are con-
case, he could not wholly succeed, but those who crete things. In closing, I will permit myself
know his work feel more and more that he has | one more quotation.
really let in a ray of light, in the beneficent “Life is tendency, and the essence of a tendency is
beams of which many things are sure to grow
to develop in the form of a sheaf, creating by its very
and fructify. At the very least, he has stimu-
growth divergent directions among which its impetus is
divided. This we observe in ourselves, in the evolution
lated much thought, and given pleasure to many.
of that special tendency which we call our character.
Although not immediately concerned with the Each of us, glancing back over his history, will find that
practical outcome of it all in the work before us, his child-personality, though indivisible, united in itself
he hints that the new attitude may well have its
divers persons, which could remain blended just because
they were in their nascent state: this indecision, so
fruits in conduct. Thus :
charged with promise, is one of the greatest charms of
“We see that the intellect, so skillful in dealing with childhood. But these interwoven personalities become
the inert, is awkward the moment it touches the living. incompatible in course of growth, and, as each of us can
Whether it wants to treat the life of the body or the life live but one life, a choice must perforce be made. We
of the mind, it proceeds with the rigor, the stiffness and choose in reality without ceasing; without ceasing, also,
the brutality of an instrument not designed for such
we abandon many things. The route we pursue is in
use. The history of hygiene or of pedagogy teaches us
time strewn with the remains of all that we began to be,
much in this matter. When we think of the cardinal, of all that we might have become. But nature, which
urgent and constant need we have to preserve our bodies
has at command an incalculable number of lives, is in
and to raise our souls, of the special facilities given to no wise bound to make such sacrifices. She preserves
each of us, in this field, to experiment continually on our the different tendencies that have bifurcated with their
selves and on others, of the palpable injury by which growth. She creates with them diverging series of
the wrongness of a medical or pedagogical practise is species that will evolve separately ” (p. 99).
both made manifest and punished at once, we are
amazed at the stupidity and especially at the persist-
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
ence of errors. We may easily find their origin in the
natural obstinacy with which we treat the living like
the lifeless, and think all reality, however fluid, under
the form of the sharply defined solid. We are at ease AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PATRON
only in the discontinuous, in the immobile, in the dead.
OF SCIENCE.*
The intellect is characterised by a natural inability to com-
prehend life” (p. 165).
The history of science in England furnishes
And again :
a long list of men of large private fortunes who
“Human intelligence, as we represent it, is not at all
| have devoted their lives to the advancement of
what Plato taught in the allegory of the cave. Its func knowledge. In no other country has the Privat-
tion is not to look at passing shadows nor yet to turn gelehrte been so great a national asset. Sir
itself round and contemplate the glaring sun. It has Joseph Banks occupies a prominent place in the
something else to do. Harnessed, like yoked oxen, to
ranks of these worthies. Born in 1743, he early
a heavy task, we feel the play of our muscles and joints,
the weight of the plow and the resistance of the soil.
displayed a taste for natural science in all its
To act and to know that we are acting, to come into fields. This first found expression in local
touch with reality and even to live it, but only in the collecting excursions, particularly botanical.
measure in which it concerns the work that is being
Banks first came into real prominence in the
accomplished and the furrow that is being plowed, such
is the function of human intelligence" (p. 191).
*THE LIFE OF Sir Joseph Banks, President of the
Royal Society. With Notices of his Friends and Contem-
In this brief summary we have noted imperfectly
poraries. By Edward Smith, F.R.H.S. New York: John
only some of the principal aspects of Bergson's Lane Co.


256
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scientific world in 1768, when he accompanied keen and often bitter satire. To be sure, no
Captain (then Lieutenant) Cook on his first person of prominence in the world of that day
voyage. His connection with this voyage was could expect to escape the attacks of the satirist
characteristic of all his subsequent career. His and lampooner. But Banks received rather
position was that of the wealthy patron, keenly more of such attentions than could fairly be
interested in scientific discovery, but with an expected from a purely random distribution.
interest tending rather toward that of the dilet A fair sample of these shafts of caricature is
tante than of the professional. The lavish scale | an epigram written by the Rev. Thomas John
on which he felt it necessary to embark upon a Hussey on a pair of busts which adorned the
scientific project is indicated in the following walls of the Royal Society Hall. This ran as
statement of his part in the Cook voyage: follows :
“ Banks's preparations for his voyage were made on a “I think I've seen these things look very small :
most ample, not to say extravagant, scale. No expense
I've seen a mouse in honest Cluny's stall,
was spared. The staff included John Reynolds, Sydney
I've seen a flea upon a lion's hide,
Parkinson, and Alexander Buchan, artists; Henry Spor-
And Banks's Bust with Newton's side by side."
ing, assistant draughtsman; James Roberts and Peter
Briscoe, servants from Revesby; and two negro servants.
The career of Banks illustrates in a striking
Besides these was Daniel Carl Solander, whose acquaint- and complete way that fame which rests on any-
ance Banks had made in the preceding year. His status thing other than solid achievement is a very fleet-
was perhaps that of friend and guest."
ing sort of thing. A hundred years ago he was
This was certainly a formidable retinue. certainly one of the leading figures in the scien-
Upon his return from this voyage, Banks was tific world, and very much in the public eye
much lionized, both in the scientific and social generally. A man of great public spirit, he was
worlds. At this time began a friendship with identified in one way or another with practically
George III. which afterward became intimate, every noteworthy movement of his day, whether
and which had the indirect effect of materially
social, scientific, political, or what not. The
aiding the progress of science in England. On
organization of voyages of discovery, the found-
all matters in any way relating to science, the ing of Australia, the inauguration of learned
king sought and (usually) followed the advice societies, the settlement of the international
of Banks. In 1778 came the crowning event status of Iceland, with its resulting stimulation
of Sir Joseph's career, his election to the presi of the national life of that unfortunate country
dency of the Royal Society. This position he - in all these things, and many more of nearly
held for forty years, and then only relinquished equal importance, Sir Joseph Banks played some
it because of decidedly failing powers.
part, and in most instances a rather significant
In those days, to be President of the Royal
one. Yet to-day he is practically forgotten. It
Society was to be officially the leading man of is doubtful if more than one professional scien-
science of the world. Everyone who had made, tist in ten of the present day (with the possible
or supposed he had made, a discovery, or who exception of the English) would be able to tell
had some scientific project to promote, com off-hand who Sir Joseph Banks was. Yet
municated his results or plans to the President
every sophomore chemistry student knows
of the “ Royal," who in turn laid the matter
something about a Dr. Joseph Priestley who in
before the Fellows. Banks was one who evi-
Banks was one who evi- | his day was a very minor figure in comparison
dently enjoyed most keenly the prestige and with Banks.
power associated with this position. That he | A word must be said in praise of the way the
administered the office in a manner and with a
story of an interesting life is told. From rather
spirit at times decidedly dictatorial, is equally
meagre documentary material, the author makes
certain; though his biographer is at great pains
a decidedly entertaining book. It successfully
to excuse or defend this attitude. Evidence of meets the highest test of biographical writing,
the fact is clear both in Sir Joseph's own corre-
that of making the subject “ live again " as a
spondence, and in the accounts, brief though real human being in the mind of the reader ;
they are, of the intense if unsuccessful opposi-
though the impression on the mind of the care-
tion which developed against him within the
ful reader as to some points in Banks's character
society at various times in his career as Presi-
n his career as Presi- | will probably not be just that which the author
dent. This " high and mighty" manner, taken
intended to leave. But perfectly unbiassed biog-
with the fact that his part in science was that raphy would be rather dull reading in most
of the patron rather than of the productive
instances.
investigator, subjected Banks to a deal of very |
RAYMOND PEARL.


1911.]
257
THE DIAL
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
biography, and other miscellaneous matters capable
of brief and witty or brief and wise treatment.
Thackeray in Not the least enjoyable souvenir of Dialogue, too, of the bright sort familiar to readers
intimate letters this Thackeray centennial year comes of “Mr. Ingleside” and “Over Bemerton's,” en-
to his kinsfolk. from the Riverside Press in the shape | livens an occasional chapter. Felicities of style
of a limited edition of “ Some Familiar Letters of and adroitness of phrase are not wanting. Single
W. M. Thackeray, together with Recollections by words also are used with an alert sense of their real
his Kinswoman, Blanche Warre Cornish” (Houghton meaning, as is exemplified in the opening paragraph
Mifflin Co.). The book is printed on Alton hand of a delightful essay “On Leaving One's Beat,”
made paper in clear type of the Baskerville pattern, which begins : “When I am going for a long rail-
and neatly bound in hand-made paper boards, way journey I always buy a number of papers asso-
stamped with Thackeray's monogram. An unfa ciated with walks of life as far as possible removed
miliar but unmistakable portrait of the novelist by from my own. Then the time passes easily. The
Richard Doyle appears as frontispiece, being repro ordinary papers one reads too quickly; the exor-
duced from the original in the British Museum. The bitant require attention they open the door to
degree of Mrs. Cornish's kinship to Thackeray new worlds." A timely article entitled “Thoughts
appears from her reference to “my grandmother, on Tan” tells how to gain the credit of having had
Mrs. Ritchie, who was the great novelist's aunt.” In a long vacation in the country (by the use of
other words, Blanche Ritchie was the daughter of “Sunbronze” at so much the bottle), and also how
Thackeray's first cousin, William Ritchie, Advocate to acquire other forms of credit at a cheap rate.
General, with a large practice at the Calcutta bar. | The book is well up to Mr. Lucas's high standard.
Her preliminary and interspersed comments and ex-
Colonel William Henry Crook, body-
planations add much to the interest of this hitherto White House
unpublished collection of family letters from her
affairs under guard to Lincoln, and subsequently
ten presidents. disbursing officer at the White House,
illustrious kinsman. In her early recollection he
was in personal appearance, “very fresh, very wise-
has probably seen more of the home-life of our presi-
looking behind his spectacles, very attractive with
dents and their families than any other person now
his thick curling hair and rosy cheeks. There was
living. His “Memories of the White House" (Little,
Brown & Co.), compiled from his diaries by Mr.
an element of mystery about him fascinating even
to childhood. He always seemed alone. He had
Henry Rood, and fully illustrated, is packed with
just been in America. He was on his way to Rome.
entertaining incidents and anecdotes picturing the
He was meteoric. He was exceedingly sad and silent.
personal peculiarities and family life of the presi-
He was wondrously droll. Above all, he was kind.”
dents from Lincoln to Roosevelt. It is the finer
and nobler qualities of these men that impressed
Not exactly sad is the vein in which he writes to
that little girl's father, in 1856, from Edinburgh,
him, and his book, while throwing new light on
where he is evidently giving readings: “My orations
many public characters, does so with due restraint.
is a great success here, and I am coining money at
Its intimate glimpses of men who have made history
present at the rate of about half an Advocate-General,
are thoroughly enjoyable ; nor are the ladies and
say 5 or £600 a month. I get £600 for my next book.
children of the White House slighted. One is glad
Cock a doodle doo! The family is looking up, isn't
to note at the very outset that the writer quite clears
it ?” The book gives us near views of Thackeray's
| himself from any share of blame for the admission
home-life from his marriage to his death, and is
of the assassin Booth to Lincoln's box at Ford's
redolent of the man and author at his best and
Theatre on the fatal night; he was off duty on that
brightest.
occasion. In an earlier work (mention of which
seems to be avoided in the present volume), com-
The diversions
The genialty and originality of Mr.
the genialty and originani
piled by another hand and entitled “Through Five
of a playful E. V. Lucas have nowhere displayed Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William
essayist.
themselves more agreeably than in H. Crook,” the same sources have been drawn upon
his latest volume of essays, sketches, and whimsi as in the “Memories,” but only to the close of
calities, entitled “Old Lamps for New" (Macmillan). | Arthur's administration. Actual repetition has been
The note of cleverness is struck in the very first | skilfully avoided, but some slight discrepancies in
paper, which describes a supposed visit to a "school statement of fact do occur in the two works, — as,
for sympathy,” where the pupils are taught kind for instance, in the date of the writer's entrance on
heartedness and mutual helpfulness by becoming his duties at the White House, the date of the first
themselves, each for a day at a time, the victims of formal reception of that year, the breakfast hour of
sundry forms of disablement that can be harmlessly the Lincolns, and similar details that might, one
simulated for the occasion. The sad fate of the would think, just as well have been made to agree
lame, the blind, the deaf, the dumb, and other un in the two narratives, especially as it is impressed on
fortunates, is thus brought vividly within the chil- the reader that the notes from which these details
dren's comprehension. Other chapters have to do are drawn were taken down with care and fulness.
with pet dogs, art criticism and art history, divers Unnecessary misspellings of proper names occur
sorts of real or imaginary incidents, passages of now and then. Marshal Lamon of the earlier book


258
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
of American
appears as “ Lammon" in the later; and one of manages to hang all the ancillary symbols and ideas
President Garfield's sons is incorrectly referred to of the play. The “ Other Essays” include, first, a
as “Irving” Garfield. It is for its later chapters study of the optimism of Browning as manifested in
that the book is especially welcome, as a supplement “ Pippa Passes”—an attack on the baneful “ laissez-
to its predecessor. Those who have read instal faire views in religion " that disciples of Browning
ments of these reminiscences in various periodicals | are addicted to, followed by an exposition of Brown-
will be glad to see them collected and enlarged, in | ing's actual meaning; and, secondly, a chapter on
handsome and serviceable form.
“The Musical Mind: A Study in Social Harmonies,”
in which the author asserts that Dante, Shakespeare,
Recollections Packed with memories of ante-bellum Dryden, Tennyson, Adelaide Proctor, and others,
society a half. days in New York, Washington, were imbued with “the cooperative idea" and re-
century ago. and elsewhere, and with a truly form purposes ; in short, if we read aright, with an
amazing variety of details as to the family history active humanitarianism. No part of the book im-
and genealogy, joys and sorrows, ups and downs, presses one with Mr. Rose's accuracy and profundity.
of a wide circle of friends and acquaintances, Mrs. The “ Blue Bird” chapters are vitiated by a misquo-
Samuel L. Gouverneur's autobiographical volume, tation from Wordsworth that is attributed to Tenny-
“As I Remember" (Appleton), is a veritable son; the Browning chapter sets forth, in lieu of
treasure-house for those who delight to recall the wrong interpretations, others that are quite as dubi-
America of sixty or seventy years ago, its social ous; and the closing chapter, on “The Musical Mind,"
celebrities and society usages, its methods and man is scrappy, haphazard, and, in the last analysis,
ners, and the thousand and one episodes and inci. utterly pointless. It is obvious that the “ Other
dents that make up the author's “ Recollections of Essays" were better omitted. The Maeterlinck chap-
American Society in the Nineteenth Century.” Mrs. ters, however, are at least worth attention.
Gouverneur congratulates herself on having been
born in the one most desirable spot on the whole
The first volume of the “ Letters of
Correspondence
terrestrial globe — near the village of Jamaica, on of a leader in Richard Henry Lee," collected and
the south shore of Long Island, in an old-fashioned the Revolution. edited by Dr. James Curtis Ballagh,
farm-house purchased from “Citizen ” Genet, the Associate Professor of American History in the
first Minister of France to this country, by Captain Johns Hopkins University, comes to us from the
John Hazard, Revolutionary hero and maternal Macmillan press. As Lee served for a time as Presi-
grandfather of Marian Campbell (the author of this dent of the Continental Congress, and was the mover
book), who was the daughter of Judge James of the various resolutions providing for the Declara-
Campbell and afterward the wife of Samuel L. tion of Independence, for alliances with foreign
Gouverneur, Jr., a grandson, on his mother's side, | powers, and for a plan of confederation for the
of President Monroe. The capacity and tenacity of Colonies, he exercised a powerful influence over the
Mrs. Gouverneur's memory are remarkable. Occa course of events during the Revolutionary period,
sional errors of statement could hardly be avoided | and his letters are naturally of prime historical value.
in so extended a survey of the past, and some bias Dr. Ballagh's statement that of about five hundred
or prejudice here and there is almost necessary to letters which he has collected more than half have
give spice to the personal reminiscences; but few never before been printed, demonstrates in itself the
will quarrel with the author on the score of inac great importance of the publication. Of course, a
curacy or unfairness in her bright and sunny pages, great deal of it is unpleasant reading. No one who
the faithful mirror, we doubt not, of her own pleas has ever penetrated a little way into the inside of
ing personality. An interesting portrait of her in our Revolutionary history has failed to discover that
her later years faces the title-page, and likenesses of beneath the dominant current of patriotic heroism
friends and kindred illustrate the successive chapters. and self-sacrifice there was ever a muddy under-tow
of selfishness, slander, jealousy, corruption, and
Slender in more than one sense is inefficiency, dragging in the opposite direction ; and
The symbolism the little volume by Mr. Henry Rose Lee had to fight with these untoward forces at home
** entitled “ Maeterlinck's Symbolism : | almost as continually as with the recognized enemy.
The Blue Bird and Other Essays” (Dodd, Mead & About half the collection is embraced in the present
Co.). The chapters on “ The Blue Bird” have at volume, which begins with the summer of 1762 and
least the merit of novelty; the bird is, as most closes with the end of 1778. It hardly needs to be
readers believe, a symbol of happiness, but it is pri- said that the modern ideas of editorial faithfulness
marily a symbol of " celestial truth,” a conclusion to the text and freedom from undue assumption are
reached by the aid of Swedenborg, for without a rigidly adhered to. Dr. Ballagh does not assume to
knowledge of the Science of Correspondences, the decide absolutely the meaning ‘of “supyly,” but
author asserts, parts of the play are meaningless. merely suggests in a footnote that it “is probably
“Celestial truth,” the real theme of the play, is by a misprint for supply.” The probability is distinctly
consequence the central theme of these chapters ; heightened by the fact that the word “supply” is
on this peg Mr. Rose ingeniously if not convincingly the only thing which will give sense in the context.


1911.]
259
THE DIAL
There are few topics of general in each member of which would pursue the answer to
The problems op terest. both in principle and in their some question of human experience through his own
minds diseased.
some question or numan
varied practical applications, so diffi- special science, but all the members would use in
cult to present in popular form as that attempted by their problems the factors of each other's results.
Dr. T. S. Clouston in his treatise on “Unsoundness Sociology, as the result of their labors, Dr. Small
of Mind” (Dutton). The technical aspects of diag- regards as a field for the humanist rather than for
nosis, classification, description, and treatment are the scientific student; as the only field, indeed,
couched in deterrent terms; while the empirical wherein human life may be studied rationally in all
nature of clinical insight leaves the lay mind adrift its phases and relations.
as to the sound basis or real import of the many
varieties of unsound minds. So far as covering the
ground in readable form, and offering a survey that
BRIEFER MENTION.
must leave the attentive reader with a much more
satisfactory impression and understanding of mental
Under the general title of “The Modern Travel
Series,” Messrs. Scribner are issuing cheap editions of
alienation than that he set out with, the book is a
a number of standard books of travel and description.
creditable and a useful contribution. There seem to
The first three titles in this series are as follows :
be two dominant plans of popularization in regard to
“Links in My Life on Land and Sea,” by Commander
the mooted questions of sanity and insanity. The J. W. Gambier, R. N.; “In Lwarf Land and Cannibal
one proceeds upon the general equipment of techni Country," by Mr. A. B. Lloyd; and “Siberia: A Record
cal insight to present and enforce principles and their of Travel, Climbing, and Exploration," by Mr. Samuel
applications to the personal and social regulation of Turner. The volumes are fully illustrated, and sold at
undesirable forms of mentality; it aims to illu-
a low price.
minate, to enthuse, to interpret, to provide the spirit
A fourth edition, practically rewritten, has been
of application. The other accepts the clinical inter-
issued of Dr. Jonathan Nield's “Guide to the Best
Historical Novels and Tales" (Putnam). Practically
est as dominant, and remains closely in the descrip-
all historical novels in the English language, or which
tive stage; it recounts, explains, advises, relates,
have been translated into English, are classified in this
differentiates, informs. Dr. Clouston's book is of
work according to the period with which they deal.
the latter type. The works of Maudsley, still most
| The record of each book includes its publishers in
useful, accomplished the former task to a former gen England and America and its subject, and books suit-
eration. Each type of work has its merits. There able for young people are so marked. The volume is
is at present a large opportunity for a renascence of provided with an index of authors and titles.
the former interest, which, after all, is the intelligent From the John Lane Co. comes a volume on “ The
general interest in the problems of unsoundness of
Early Christians in Rome," by Dr.H.D.M. Spence-Jones,
mind.
Dean of Gloucester and Professor of Ancient History
in the Royal Academy. One finds in it a large amount
Sociology occupies a somewhat inde- of important historical material, but rigid compression
Team-work in
terminate territory bounded by the
and careful arrangement might have given it all at
Social Science.
ever-shifting borders of its sister sci.
much less cost of time to the busy reader. A too
ences, and doubts have been raised as to its precise
elaborate structure of Books, Parts, and Chapters gives
rather a disintegrating effect to the eye, an impression
rights and status. Professor Albion Small, in “ The
only too closely in harmony with a lack of proper con-
Meaning of Social Science” (University of Chicago
tinuity in the text itself. Unstinted commendation
Press), asserts his belief in the validity of sociology must be given, however, to the full and intelligently
as a science; but he has little faith in it as a field constructed index, a virtue which one does not often
for specialization. All specialized science, he claims, have the chance to praise.
“inevitably passes into a stage of uncorrelated sci “A Study in Southern Poetry” (Neale), by the
entific piece-work.” He makes, therefore, the fun North Carolina lyrist, Henry Jerome Stockard, is not,
damental claim for sociology that, ideally, it unifies
as its title would indicate, a treatise on the poetry of
the data of history, economics, biology, and the other
the South, but primarily an anthology; for the critical
and interpretative material which it contains is both
special sciences; that its fundamental assertion must
slight and of negligible value. Mr. Stockard's gifts as
be to the effect that “knowledge of human expe-
editor are by no means comparable to his inspiration as
rience cannot at last be many; in the degree in
poet. The volume is, nevertheless, superior in some
which it approaches reality, it must be one knowl. respects to other similar collections of Southern verse -
edge.” In other words, the psychology of a given of which there are now a full half-dozen; it is very well
people at a given time is not one study, their eco proportioned, and it exhibits an altogether admirable
nomic history another study, and the theology of choice of items. A special feature of the book is the
their clime and day a third and unrelated study, but
large number of contemporary poets represented, which
each bears upon the other. “The part that one of
include A. C. Gordon, Will Henry Thompson, Samuel
these factors plays at a given moment is a function
Minturn Peck, William Hamilton Hayne, Frank L.
Stanton, Benjainin Sledd, Madison Cawein, Walter
of the operation of all the other factors at the same
Malone, Virginia Frazer Boyle, Olive Tilford Dargan,
time.” To deal with human experience in this uni-
and the anthologist himself. Among noteworthy omis-
versal way, “team-work” is necessary. Professor sions are Mrs. Danske Dandridge, Mr. Cale Young
Small imagines a coöperative institute of scientists, Rice, and the earlier poets Meek and Lamar.


260
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
new vein. A strong humanitarian appeal is said to
NOTES.
underlie this touching story of a hare and its life in a
A biography of Cardinal Gibbons, prepared by Mr. hunting preserve.
Allen S. Will of the Baltimore “Sun," is announced Two books on New York's greatest thoroughfare are
for early publication by the John Murphy Co.
promised for Autumn publication.' One is Mr. J. B.
Another of Mr. Clarence Hawkes's interesting animal
Kerfoot's “ Broadway,” for which Mr. Lester G. Hornby
stories is soon to appear. It will be called “King of has made forty-three illustrations; the other is by Mr.
the Thundering Herd," and is the story of an American Stephen Jenkins, and bears the title, “The Greatest
bison.
Street in the World.”
Mrs. Sarah P. McL. Greene, who wrote “Cape Cod “The Collected Papers of Frederick William Mait-
Folks,” has completed her new story, « The Long Green land,” edited by Mr. H. A. L. Fisher, will be published
Road,” which will soon be published by the Baker & in three volumes by the Messrs. Putnam, acting as
Taylor Co.
agents for the Cambridge University Press. The chief
« The Garden of Resurrection: Being the Love Story value of the collection will, of course, be found in the
of an Ugly Man," is the full title of Mr. E. Temple papers dealing with legal history.
Thurston's forthcoming novel, to be published by Mr. Mr. Montrose J. Moses, the New York dramatic
Mitchell Kennerley.
critic, has for many years been engaged in collecting
Mr. Ian Hay, the young Scotchman who made a material regarding American dramatists and their work.
name for himself two years ago with “The Right Stuff,” He has now prepared for Autumn publication a book
has written a new novel for Fall publication, entitled entitled « The American Dramatist,” which Messrs.
“The Safety Match."
Little, Brown & Co. will publish.
“ The Inside of the Cup" is now definitely announced “The American Jewish Year Book " for 5672, pub-
as the title of Mr. Winston Churchill's forthcoming lished by the Jewish Publication Society of America, is
novel. Its scenes are laid in a great city of the Middle | edited, as before, by Mr. Herbert Friedenwald. Its prin-
West, at the present day.
cipal feature this year is a discussion of the Passport
More of Jean-Christophe's adventures are soon to Question in its latest phases. Most of the lists given in
appear in a volume entitled “ Jean-Christophe in Paris," former volumes are here continued.
recounting the adventures of M. Rolland's musical hero Lovers of Whistler will be glad to know that a new
after his flight to the French capital.
edition, in a single volume, of Mr. and Mrs. Pennell's
Volumes on William Lloyd Garrison and Ulysses S. life of the artist, published three years ago, is soon to
Grant, written respectively by Mr. Lindsay Swift and be published by the J. B. Lippincott Co. A large
Mr. Franklin S. Edmonds, will soon be added to Messrs. amount of new material will be embodied in the new
Jacobs's “ American Crisis Biographies."
edition, and it is to be fully illustrated.
Dr. William E. B. Du Bois, author of “The Souls “The Leaves of the Tree" is the title of the new
of Black Folk," has ready for early publication through volume by Mr. Arthur Christopher Benson, which the
Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. a novel of negro life, to Putnams will publish this month. In it Mr. Benson
be entitled “The Quest of the Silver Fleece.”
presents biographical sketches and appreciations of
Two books of unusual importance in the field of certain distinguished men, each one of whom, through
economics soon to be issued by the Macmillan Co. are his life, his character, his works, and above all through
Professor F. W. Taussig's “Principles of Economics”. personal contact, has exercised a constructive influence
and Miss Ida M. Tarbell's study of “The Tariff in upon the author of "The Upton Letters” and “The
Our Times.”
Silent Isle.”
« The House of Life” (Dutton) is a little book of One of the few remaining private presses is the Cuala
lines written by Mr. Harold Johnson as interpretations Press of Dublin, Ireland, where Miss Elizabeth Yeats
of the symbolical paintings of G. F. Watts. The text prints limited editions of books by her brother, W. B.
is accompanied by reproductions of the pictures, to the Yeats, and other Irish writers. Mr. Mitchell Ken-
number of more than a score.
nerley has arranged to import a few copies of each new
« Peter and Wendy" is the title of Mr. J. M. Barrie's Cuala Press book as it appears, and has now ready
forthcoming story, which the Messrs. Scribner will pub “J. M. Synge and the Ireland of his Time" by Mr.
lish in this country. Lovers of “ Peter Pan” scarcely Yeats. A new volume of poems by the same author
need to be told that it has to do with the two principal will also be issued shortly.
characters of that perennial favorite.
The new and revised edition of « The Century Dic-
Mr. Max Beerbohm has written a novel - a sort of tionary, Cyclopedia and Atlas," which the Century Co.
travesty or parody -- which he is calling “ Zuleika Dob will issue this Autumn, will appear in twelve volumes,
son," and which is said to be as unlike the novels of instead of ten as before. The paper used for the work
contemporary novelists as his caricatures are unlike the is the result of much experimenting. India paper for
drawings of other contemporary caricaturists.
a dictionary, the leaves of which must be turned over
General Funston's “ Memories of Two Wars” and very rapidly, seemed out of the question, but there has
Mrs. Burton Harrison's “Recollections, Grave and Gay," been produced for this edition a thin, opaque paper
two autobiographies of widely different character, which which prints cuts well and is strong and durable.
have been appearing in “Scribner's Magazine” during Early in October, a sociological work entitled “The
the past few months, are soon to be issued in book form Camel and the Needle's Eye,” by Mr. Arthur Ponsonby,
by Messrs. Scribner.
M. P., will be issued by the Ball Publishing Company.
Mr. H. Rider Haggard's “dream story” entitled The author was formerly private secretary to Prime
“ The Mahatma and the Hare," soon to be issued by | Minister Campbell-Bannerman. The same firm will
Messrs. Henry Holt & Co., will display this writer in a | also issue an edition of the “Kasidah of Haji Abdu El-


1911.]
261
THE DIAL
Yezdi, translated and annotated by his friend and pupil,
F. B." The initials “F. B.” cloak the identity of Sir
Richard Burton, best known as the translator of “The
Arabian Nights."
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
October, 1911.
very o
or
American Securities in Europe. J. E. Dunning. No. Amer".
America's Most Perfect Thing. M'C. Sykes. Everybody's.
Andaman Native Life. F. Taylor. Century.
Antiquity of Man. F. A. Lucas. Century.
Agrippina, Mother of Nero. G. Ferrero. Century.
Archæology, Function of. A. L. Frothingham. No. Amer.
Boy-Raising Bulletins. W. A. McKeever. World's Work.
Boy Scouts of America. Dan Beard. Review of Reviews.
Capitol. U.S., Stories of . C. F. Cavanagh. Bookman
Cavour's Last Victory. W. Roscoe Thayer. Atlantic.
Charity, Organized, in U.S. Jacob A. Riis. Scribner.
Christian Endeavor Society. F. E. Clark. Century.
Cities, Awakening of. Henry Oyen. World's Work.
City of the Royal Pavilion, The. W. D. Howells. No. Amer.
Cleveland's Administrations. J. Ford Rhodes. Scribner.
Commission Government. William Daly. Jr. Everybody's.
Commune, Life in the. Mme. de H.-Lindencrone. Harper.
Competition, The New. Arthur J. Eddy. World's Work.
Dames, A Battle Royal of. A. H. Wharton. Lippincott.
Domestic Science. Mary L. Harkness. Atlantic.
Drama League of America. C. Hamilton. Bookman.
Education of Daughters, The. Helen H. Wilson. Harper'.
Federalism in Canada and U.S.A.J. Beveridge. Rev. of Revs.
Gardening in Town. Frances Duncan. Century.
Gaskell, Mrs., Lights on. Ellery Kelvin. Bookman.
Grant's Letters to General Beale. Scribner.
Hamburg and Its Harbor. Ralph D. Paine. Scribner'.
Horse Show, The Greatest. E. S. Nadal. Scribner.
Horses, Nevada Outlaw. Rufus Steele. American.
Humanity, Quest for Happy. F. Van Eeden. World's Work.
Human Misfits. Woods Hutchinson. Everybody's.
Incomes from Fiction. Edna Kenton. Bookman.
Individual, The. Samuel P. Orth. North American.
Industrial Courts. Helen L. Sumner. Review of Reviews.
Industrial Diseases. Paul S. Pierce. North American.
Insurgent Sunday-School, The. George Creel. Everybody's.
Intercollegiate Debating. R. L. Lyman. Century.
Irish National Drama. J. E. Hoare. North American.
Jewish Life in Russia. Mary Antin Atlantic.
La Follette's Autobiography. American.
Labor Leader's Own Story. Henry White. World's Work.
Lawns as Theatres. Katharine C. Budd. World's Work.
Lee, Spiritual Life of. G. Bradford, Jr. Atlantic.
Libel in England and America. W. J. Gaynor. Century.
Liszt, Franz. James Huneker. Scribner'.
Luther, Martin. A. C. McGiffert. Century.
McCutcheon. George Barr. F.T. Cooper. Bookman.
Manuscripts, Why Rejected. G. J. Nathan. Bookman.
Ministry, Overcrowding in. G. P. Atwater. Atlantic.
Morocco, French Conquest of. C.W. Furlong. World's Work.
Motor Wagon Economy. Walter Wardrop. Rev. of Revs.
Musical Indigestion. Robert H. Schauffler. Atlantic.
New York: City of Towers. M. Stapley. Harper.
New York's Municipal Music. Arthur Farwell. Rev. of Revs.
"Old Masters" to Order. American,
Panama. Opportunities in. Forbes Lindsay. Lippincott.
Phillipses, The: Father and Son. W. G. Beymer. Harper.
Portrait Painter, A Great English. G. Bradford, Jr. No. Amer.
Print-Collecting. F. Weitenkampf. Scribner.
Prohibited Books, Index of. Calvin Winter. Bookman.
Public Ownership. Sydney Brooks. North American.
entative or Direct Government. S. W. McCall. Atlantic.
Rio Negro, Tracking Up. Caspar Whitney. Harper,
Roman Art Exposition. 1911. H. S. Morris. Century.
Shakespeare's Henry VIII. on the Stage. W. Winter. Century.
South, The, Realizing Itsell. Edwin Mims. World', Work.
Spanish-American War. Rear-Admiral Luce. No. American.
Strikes, True Stories of. Mary Field. American.
Swiss Family Robinson. R. B. Glaenzer. Bookman.
Taxation and Natural Law. J. B. Clark. Allantic.
Tuxedo Park. Emily Post. Century.
Veto, Before and After the. Edward Porritt. No. American.
Welfare War, The Robert W. Bruère. Harper.
Wells, H. G., An Appreciation of. Mary Austin. American.
Wiley and Pure Food. A. W. Dunn. World's Work.
Wilson, Woodrow. W. B. Hale. World's Work.
Woman, Sacrifice of. Hugh Johnson. Everybody's.
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS.
The length of THE DIAL's annual list of books
announced for Fall publication, contained in our last
(Sept. 16) issue, made it necessary to carry over to
the present number the following entries, comprising
the full Educational and Juvenile announcements of
the season.
BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, by T. G. Hun and
C. R. MacInnes.-Initiative, Referendum, and Re-
call Documents, by Charles A. Beard and Birl E.
Schultz.—Readings on Parties and Elections in the
United States, by Chester Lloyd Jones.—The Prin-
ciples of Insurance, by W. F. Gephart.-Social
Pathology, by Samuel G. Smith.-Anthropology, by
Dr. Heinrich Schurtz, trans. by Franz Boas.-- Text-
Book of Physics, by L. B. Spinney.-Text-Book
of the Principles of Physics, by Alfred Daniell,
revised and enlarged edition.-Élements of Elec-
trical Transmission, by Olin J. Ferguson.-Storage
Batteries, by Harry W. Morse. Alternating Cur.
rents and Alternating Current Machinery, by
Dugald C. Jackson and John Price Jackson.-Re-
volving Vectors, by George W. Patterson.--Modern
Science Reader, with special reference to chemistry,
by R. M. Bird.-Principles of Human Nutrition, by
W. H. Jordan.—Methods of Organic Analysis, by
Henry C. Sherman, new and revised edition.-The
Theory and Practice of Technical Writing, by Sam-
uel C. Earle.--Sentences and their Elements, by
Samuel C. Earle.—Descriptive Writing, by Evelyn
May Albright.-Expository Writing, by Maurice G.
Fulton.-A Course in Public Speaking, by I. L.
Winter.—The Poems of Chaucer, edited by Oliver
Farrar Emerson.-Molière's Les Femmes Savantes,
edited by Murry P. Brush.-Livy, Book XXI, and
Selections, edited by James C. Egbert.-A History
of the Ancient World, by George Willis Botsford,
$1.50 net.-Introduction to General Science, with
Experiments, by Percy E. Rowell.–An Applied
Arithmetic for Secondary Schools, by Ernest L.
Thurston.-Applied Biology, by Maurice A. Bige-
low and Anna N. Bigelow.-Chemistry, an ele-
mentary text-book, by William Conger Morgan and
James H. Lyman-Macmillan's Pocket Classics,
new vols.: David Copperfield, edited by Edwin
Fairley, 2 vols.; Milton's Comus, Lycidas, and
Other Poems, and Matthew Arnold's Address on
Milton, edited by Samuel E. Allen; More's Utopia,
edited by William D. Armes; Pope's Iliad, edited
by Charles Elbert Rhodes; Pope's Odyssey, edited
by Edgar S. Shumway and Waldo Shumway; Ten-
nyson's Idylls of the King, edited by Charles W.
French; Tennyson's In Memoriam, edited by J. W.
Pearce.—Poems Required for College Entrance,
edited by Robert P. St. John; Selected Poems, for
required reading in secondary schools, edited by
H. W. Boynton.-Beginnings in Agriculture, by A.
R. Mann, 75 cts. net.-Pupils' Arithmetic, by
James C. 'Byrnes, Julia Richman and John S. Rob-
erts, Book Five. -The American School Readers, by
Kate F. Oswell and C. B. Gilbert.-World Geog-
raphy, by Ralph S. Tarr and Frank M. McMurry.
The Contments and Their People, by James Frank-
lin Chamberlain and Arthur Henry Chamberlain,
Vol. II., Europe.--English for Foreigners, by Anna
Prior and Anna I. Ryan. (Macmillan Co.)
The New Europe, 1789-1889, by Reginald W. Jeffery,
with maps, $2.50 net.-Elizabethan Drama, 1558-
1642, by Felix E. Schelling, students' edition, 2
vols., $3.50 net.--The Tudor Drama, by C. F. Tucker
Brooke, $1.50 net.—The Rhetorical Principles of


262
Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
Narrative Composition, by Carroll Lewis Moxey.-
Essentials of Exposition and Argumentation, by
William T. Foster.-Secondary School English, by
W. F. Webster.—The Individual in the Making, by
E. A. Kirkpatrick, $1.25 net.-Readings in English
Prose Writers of the Eighteenth Century.-The
Dallas Lore Sharp Nature Series, Book I., The
Fall of the Year.-Old World Hero Stories, by Eva
M. Tappan, 85 cts. net.-History of the United
States, by Reuben Gold Thwaites and C. N. Ken-
dall.–First Year in Numbers, by Franklin S. Hoyt
and Harriet E. Peet.--The Riverside Third Reader,
edited by J. H. Van Sickle and W. Seegmiller, 50
cts. net.-Riverside Literature Series, new vols.: A
Dickens Reader, edited by E. M. Power, illus., 60
cts. net; Goethe's Faust, Part I., translated by
Bayard Taylor, 75 cts. net; Cooper's The Spy,
edited by Charles Swain Thomas, 45 cts. net; The
Story of a Bad Boy, by Thomas Bailey Aldrich,
illus., 50 cts. net; Being a Boy, by Charles Dudley
Warner, illus., 40 cts. net; Polly Oliver's Problem,
by Kate Douglas Wiggin, illus., 40 cts. net; Mil-
ton's Education, Aereopagitica, and Other Essays,
edited by Laura E. Lockwood; Romeo and Juliet,
edited by William Strunk, Jr. (Houghton Mifflin
Co.)
The Elements of Physiological Psychology, by George
Trumbull Ladd, illus., $4. net.-Government in
State and Nation, by J. A. James and A. H. San-
ford, $1. net.--Max Walter's French Lessons, 75
cts. net.—Max Walter's German Lessons, 85 cts.
net.—The Wealth of the World's Waste Places, by
J. C. Gilson and Jacques W. Redways.-A Prac-
tical Primary Arithmetic, by M. C. S. Noble and
Mrs. F. L. Stevens, 35 cts. net.— The Morey Arith-
metic, by Charles W. Morey, in 5 books.-Scribner
English Classics Series, new volumes: Select Poems
of Byron, edited by W. D. Howe; Macauley's Lays
of Ancient Rome, edited by A, Beatty; each 25 cts.
net.-Commercial Geography, by Jacques W. Red-
way, revised edition, $1.25. (Charles Scribner's
Sons.)
Elements of English Grammar, by A. E. Sharp, $1.-
An Elementary Grammar of the Italian Language,
by A. Marinoni, 90 cts.-English for Italians, by
Edith Waller, $1.-An Italian Reader, revised with
rewritten vocabulary by A. Marinoni.—Helps for
the Study of French, by E. F. Maloubier and J. H.
Moore.-Exercises in French Sounds, by Philip H.
Churchman.-Atala, by F. de Chateaubriand, with
introduction, notes, and vocabulary by Dr. T. J.
Cloran.-Un Bal Masque, a play for schools, by
Mlle. Jeane Charbonnieras.—Hulchof's Manual for
Teaching German in Elementary Schools. (Wm. R.
Jenkins Co.)
American History, by David Saville Muzzey.-Euro-
pean Beginnings of American History, by Alice M.
Atkinson.—The Seven Champions of Christendom,
by Agnes R. Matthews.—The Essentials of Greek
Syntax, by Charles Christopher Mierow. (Ginn &
Co.)
New Composition and Rhetoric for Schools, by Robert
Herrick and L. T. Damon, revision by L. T. Damon,
$1.-The Oregon Trail, by Francis Parkman, edited
for school use by W. MacDonald, 40 cts. (Scott,
Foresman & Co.)
Lyrica Historica, poems of British history, A. D.
61-1910, selected by M. E. Windsor and J. Turrall,
50 cts. net.--Thackeray's Virginians, with introduc-
tion by George Saintsbury and notes by J. L. Rob-
ertson, illus., $1.40 net.-Mediæval Europe, 1095-
1254, by Kenneth Bell, $1.10 net.- Oxford Plain
Texts, new volumes: Shakespeare's Hamlet, Tem-
pest, and Coriolanus, each 20 cts. net.-Cæsar's
Conquest of Gaul, by T. Rice Holmes, second edi-
tion, revised, $7.75. (Oxford University Press.)
Principles of Physics, by William Magie, $2.50 net.-
A Laboratory Outline of Organic Chemistry, by
Lander W. Jones, $1.20 net. (Century Co.)
Our Country and Its People, by W. S. Monroe and
Anna Buckbee, illus., 40 cts. (Harper & Brothers.)
Commercial Arithmetic, by Gustavus S. Kimball. (G.
P. Putnam's Sons.)
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
For Yardley, by Ralph Henry Barbour, illus., $1.50.-
Old Ryerson, by Walter Camp, illus., $1.50.-On the
Trail of Grant and Lee, by Frederick Trevor Hill,
illus. in color, etc., $1.50 net.—The Scouts of the
Valley, by Joseph A. Altsheler, illus., $1.50.—The
Quest of the Four, by Joseph A. Altsheler, illus.,
$1.50.-A Columbus of Space, by Garret P. Serviss,
$1.50.-Bartley, Freshman Pitcher, by William Hey-
linger, illus, in color, $1.25.-A Captain at Fifteen,
by Gilbert Payson Coleman, illus., $1.50.—The
Sweep of the Sword; a battle book for boys, by
Alfred H. Miles, illus., $1.50 net.—The Girls of
Dudley School, by Ellen Douglas Deland, illus.,
$1.50.-Elinor's Junior Hop, by Grace Ethelwyn
Cody, illus., $1.50.-Finkler's Field, by Ralph
Henry Barbour, illus. in color, $1.25.—Dickens and
the Girls he wrote About, by Belle Moses, $1.25
net. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Yellow Star, by Elaine Goodale Eastman, illus., $1.25.
-Jackson and his Henley Friends, by Frank E.
Channon, illus., $1.50.-Fairmount Girls in School
or Camp, by Etta Anthony Baker, illus., $1.50.-
Scouting for Light Horse Harry, by John Preston
True, $1.50.-Within the Silver Moon, by Madge
A. Bigham, illus., $1.25.-Great Bear Island, by
Arthur E. McFarlane, illus., $1.50.-Firebrands,
by F. E. Martin and G. M. Davis, illus., $1.25.-
Billy: His Summer Awakening, by Charles Keen
Taylor, illus., $1.50.-A Chevalier of Old France,
trans. from the Old French by J. Harrington Cox,
illus., $1.25.-Mother West Wind's Children, bý
Thornton W. Burgess, illus., $1.-Tiny Hare and
His Friends, by Anne Sykes, illus., $1.—The Amer-
ican History Story-Book, by Albert F. Blaisdell
and Francis K. Ball, illus., 75 cts.-Nibbles Pop-
pelty-Poppet, by Edith B. Davidson, illus, in color,
75 cts. net.—Little People Everywhere Series, by
Etta Blaisdell MacDonald; new volumes: Hassan
in Egypt; Marta in Holland; each, illus., 60 cts.-
Tommy Tinker's Book, by Mary Frances Blaisdell,
illus., 60 cts. The Katy Did Series, by Susan
Coolidge, comprising: What Katy Did; What Katy
Did Next; What Katy Did at School; new editions,
illus., each $1.50. (Little, Brown & Co.)
The Witch's Kitchen, by Gerald Young, illus. in
color, etc., by Willy Pogany, $2. net.— The Circle
K, hy Edwin L. Sabin, illus., $1.50.-The Aeroplane
at Silver Fox Farm, by James Otis, illus., $1.50.-
Dorothy Brooke's Experiments, by Frances C.
Sparhawk, illus., $1.50.—The Unmannerly Tiger,
and other Korean stories, illus. in color, $1.-A
Life of Grant for Boys and Girls, by Warren L.
Goss, illus., $1.50.—The Dawn of British History,
by Alice Cochran, illus., $1.25.-Secrets of the Hills,
by Sterling Craig, illus., $1.50.-Stories of India's
Gods and Heroes, by W. D. Munro, illus, in color,
$1.50.-Boy Scouts in the Maine Woods, by James
Otis, illus., $1.25.–Stories of the Scottish Borders,
by William and Susan Platt, illus., $1.50.-High
Deeds of Finn, by T. W. Rolleston, illus. in color,
$1.50 each.—The Birth of England, by Estelle Poss,
illus., $1.25.–From Conquest to Charter, by Estelle
Ross, illus., $1.25.–Story of the Crusades, by E. M.
Wilmot-Buxton, illus., $1.50.-Harold, First of the
Vikings, by Charles Young, illus., $1.50 net.
Happy Children, by Ella Farman Pratt, illus. in
color, $1. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)


1911.]
263
THE DIAL
The Champion of the Regiment, by Everett T. Tom-
linson, illus., $1.50.-The Jester of St. Timothy's,
by Arthur Stanwood Pier, illus., $1. net.-The
Indian Book, by William . Hopkins, illus. from
Catlin's drawings, $1.25 net.-Two Boys in a Gyro-
car, by K. Kenneth-Brown, illus., $1.20 net.— The
One-Footed Fairy, by Alice Brown, illus., $1.25 net.
- When Knights were Bold, by Eva March Tappan,
illus., $2. net.-The Enchanted Mountain, by Eliza
Orne White, illus., $1.—The Story of the Roman
People, by Eva March Tappan, illus., $1.50.—Bird
Stories from Burroughs, illus. by L. A. Fuertes, 80
cts, net.-The Dutch Twins, by Lucy Fitch Perkins,
illus., $1. net.-Tommy Sweet-Tooth, by Josephine
Scribner Gates, illus. in color, etc., 50 cts. net.-
Kittens and Cats, by Eulalie Osgood Grover, 75 cts.
net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
King of the Thundering.Herd, the biography of an
American bison, by Clarence Hawkes, illus., $1.50.-
Historic Inventions, by Rupert S. Holland, illus.,
$1.50 net.—The Four Corners at College, by Amy
E. Blanchard, illus., $1.50.-Kiddie Rhymes, pic-
tures by Grace G. Wiederseim. text by Margaret G.
Hays, $1.25.—The Queen of the City of Mirth, by
Elbridge H. Sabin, illus in color, $1. net.—The
Polly Page Ranch Club, by Izola L. Forrester, illus.,
$1. net. -The Washington Square Classics, first
vols.: Stevenson's Treasure Island; Hawthorne's
Wonder Book and Tanglewood Tales; Sewell's
Black Beauty; each illus. in color, $1. net.—The
Children's Favorites, told in easy French by Kath-
leen Fitzgerald, new vols.: D’Aulnoy's Fairy Tales;
Uncle Tom's Cabin; each illus., 50 cts. net. (George
W. Jacobs & Co.)
David Crockett, Scout, by Charles Fletcher Allen, illus.,
$1.50.—The Boy Scouts of Birch-Bark Island, by
R. Sargent Holland, illus., $1.25 net.-Captain John
Smith, Adventurer,' by c. H. Forbes-Lindsay, illus.
in color, $1.50.-Daniel Boone, Backwoodsnian,
illus., $1.50.—The Doctor's Children, by Laura T.
Meade, illus., $1.50.-The Uncomfortable Term, by
Raymond Jackberns, illus., $1.50.-Teddy and Lily's
Adventures, by May Baldwin, illus., $1.50.--Brother
Scouts, by John Finnemoré, illus., $1.50.—With
Morgan to Panama, by Commander Currey, R. N.,
$1.50.-Blair of Balaklava, by E. Scott Lynn, illus.,
$1.50.-Our Agreeable Friends, by F. G. Aflalo,
illus., $1.50.-Three Hundred and One Things a
Bright Girl Can Do, illus., $2. net.-Hans Ander-
sen's Fairy Tales, illus, in color by Maria L. Kırk,
$1.50.-Chronicles of Fairyland, by Fergus Hume,
illus. in color by Maria L. Kirk, $1.50.-Norse Fairy
Tales, selected by Sir George Webb Dasent, illus.,
$1.75. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The Children's Book of Christmas, edited by J. C.
Dier, illus. in color, $1.50 net.- Honey Sweet, by
Edna Turpin, illus., $1.25 net.- Peggy Stewart, by
Gabrielle E. Jackson, illus., $1.50 net.--Peter Pan
Picture Book, by Alice B.' Woodward and Daniel
O'Connor, new and cheaper edition, illus. in color,
$1.50 net.-Fairies Afield, by Mrs. Molesworth.-
Peeps at Many Lands and Cities, new vols.: Aus-
tralia, Berlin, Hungary, Kashmir, London, Rome,
Sweden, Turkey, Wales, Newfoundland, and New
York; each illus. in color, 55 cts. net. (Macmillan
Co.)
A Child's Book of Stories, selected and prepared by
Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, illus. in color by Jes-
sie Wilcox Smith, $2.25 net.—The Complete Non-
sense Book, by Edward Lear, edited by Lady
Strachey, introduction by Lord Cromer, $2. net. -
Stories from the New Testament for Children, by
Elsa Barker, illus., $2.-Grimm's Animal Stories,
second series, translated by Lucy Crane, illus. by
John Rae, $1.50.-The Cruise of the Kingfisher,
by H. de Vere Stacpoole, $1.50.-Mocco, an Indian
Boy, by S. M. Barrett, illus., $1.25.–Picture Plays,
by Margaret Merington, illus., $1.25 net.—The
Treasure Finders, by Oliver Clay, $1.25.-Sewing
for Little Girls, illus., 75 cts.net.--The First
Cruiser Out, by W. 0. Stoddard, new edition, illus.,
$1.25.—The Cuban Blockade, by W. 0. Stoddard,
new edition, illus., $1.25. (Duffield & Co.)
The Enchanted Peacock, by Julia Brown, illus. in color
by Lucy Fitch Perkins, $1.25.-The Rose Fairies,
by Olivia McCabe, illus. in color by Hope Dunlap,
$1.25.—The Garden of Heart's Delight, by Ida
Huntingdon, illus. in color by Maginel Wright
Enright, $1.25.-Edda and the Oak, by Elia W.
Peattie, illus. in color by Katherine Merrill, $1.25.
-Jackieboy in Rainbowland, by William M. Hill,
illus. in color by Fanny F. Cory, $1.25.-Other
Rhymes for Little Readers, by Wilhelmina Seeg-
miller, illus, in color by Ruih Hallock, $1.25.—The
Little Lame Prince, by Miss Mulock, illus. by Hope
Dunlap.-A Child's Garden of Verse, by R. L.
Stevenson, illus. in color, etc., $1.25. (Rand, Mc-
Nally & Co.)
Boys' Life of Edison, by William H. Meadowcroft,
illus., $1.25.-"Old Ben," by James Otis, illus. in
color, $1.25.—The Last Lap, by Alden Arthur
Knipe, illus., $1.25.— The Missing Pearls, by Emilie
Benson and A. A. Knipe, with frontispiece, $1.25.-
Young Alaskans on the Trail, by Emerson Hough,
illus., $1.25.—The Young Lion Hunter, by Zane
Grey, illus., $1.25.—The Jaunts of Junior, by John
Joseph Flaherty, illus., $1.25.-Königskinder, or
The Royal Children, adapted from Humperdinck's
opera, illus., $1.25.–Track's End, by Hayden Car-
ruth, illus., $1.-Tommy's Money, by John C. Cor-
yell,' illus.,' 60 cts.—Tom Brown's School Days, by
Thomas Hughes, with introduction by W. Dean
Howells, illus. by Louis Rhead, $1.50. (Harper &
Brothers.)
Handicraft for Handy Boys, by A. Neely Hall, illus.,
$2.25.—Four Boys in the Yosemite, by E. T. Tom-
linson, illus., $1.50.--The Boy with the U. S. Cen-
sus, by Francis Ralt Wheeler, illus., $1.50.-Four
Gordons, by Edna A. Brown, illus., $1.50.- The
Pecks in Camp, by A. T. Dudley, illus., $1.25.-
Chased across the Pampas, by Edward Stratemeyer,
illus., $1.25.-On the Cinder Path, by Arthur Duf-
fey, illus., $1.25., Winning the Junior Cup, by
Norman Brainerd, illus., $1.25.-Larry Burke, so-
phomore, by Frank I. Odell, $1.25.--Helen Grant's
Harvest Year, by Amanda M. Douglas, illus., $1.25.
- Victorine's Book, by Nina Rhoades, illus., $1.25.-
Dorothy Dainty at the Mountains, by Amy Brooks,
illus., $1.-Prue's Merry Times, by Amy Brooks,
illus., $1. (Lothrop, Lee, & Shepard Co.)
Sandy Sawyer, Sophomore, by Ralph D. Paine, illus.,
$1.50.-The Stroke Oar, by Ralph D. Paine, illus.
$1.50.—The Boys' Story of Zebulon M. Pike, edited
by M. G. Humphreys, illus., $1.50 net.—The Wreck-
ing Master, by Ralph D. Paine, $1.25.—One Hun-
dred Bible Stories, by Robert Bird, illus. in color.-
The Adventure of James Capen Adams, illus., $1.50
net.-Boat Building and Boating, by Daniel C.
Beard, illus.-Little Lord Fauntleroy, by Frances
Hodgson Burnett, with a new preface by the
author, illus. in color and pen-and-ink by Reginald
Birch, $2. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Team Mates, by Ralph Henry Barbour, illus., $1.50.-
The Forest Castaways, by Frederick Orin Bartlett,
illus., $1.50.-Young Crusoes of the Sky, by F.
Lovell Coombs, illus., $1.50.-Freshman Dorn,
Pitcher, by Leslie W.'Quirk, illus., $1.50.-Doro-
thy, the Motor Girl, by Katherine Carleton, illus.,
$1.50.-The Second Boys' Book of Model Aero-
planes, by Francis A. Collins, illus., $1.20 net.-
Aesop's Fables, with drawings by E. Boyd Smith,
$2. net.–St. Nicholas, bound volumes for 1911,


264
Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
illus., $4.-The Lyrics of Eliza, “interpreted” by
D. K. Stevens, illus. by Katharine Maquadier
Browne, 60 cts. net. (Century Co.)
The Scout of Pea Ridge, by Byron A. Dunn, illus.,
$1.25.-The Night Riders of Cave Knob, by Quincy
Scott, illus., $1.25.-Billy Tomorrow Stands the
Test,' by Sarah Pratt Carr, $1.25.—The Glittering
Festival, by Edith Ogden Harrison, $1.25 net.
What Shall I Be Series, by George Alfred Wil.
liams, illus. by Tudor Jenks : Vol. I., The Fireman;
Vol. II., The Sailor; each $1.25.--Life Stories for
Young People, translated from the German by
George P. Upton, new vols.: Hernando Cortes;
Francisco Pizarro; Christopher Columbus; Maxi-
milian in Mexico; Eric the Red, Leif the Lucky,
and other Pre-Columbian Discoverers of America;
William Penn; George Washington; Benjamin
Franklin; each illus., 50 cts. net. (A. C. McClurg
& Co.)
Malory's King Arthur and His Knights, by Henry B.
Lathrop, illus., $1.50 net.—Mother Goose, edited by
Clifton Johnson, illus., $1.50 net.—The Child's
Guide to the Bible, by George Hodges, illus., $1.25
net.-The Narrative Bible, edited by Clifton John-
son, 70 cts. net.-Child's Guide to Living Things,
by Edward Tenney Brewster, illus., $1.20 net.-Lit-
tle Folks' Book of Verse, edited by Clifton John-
son, illus., $1. net.—Alice in Wonderland, illus. by
George Soper, $1.25. (Baker & Taylor Co.)
The Story of France, by Mary MacGregor, illus. in
color, $2.50 net.—Pads, Paws, and Claws, by W. P.
Pycraft, illus. in color, $2. net.—The Boys' Book
of Warships, by J. R. Howden, $2.—Dick among
the Seminoles, by A. W. Dimock, illus., $1.50.-
Animal Secrets Told, by H. Chase Brearley:-
Water Babies, by Charles Kingsley, illus. in color
by Katharine Cameron, $2.50.-King Arthur's
Knights, by Henry Gilbert, illus. in color by Wal-
ter Crane, $2.50.—Plutarch's Lives, by W. H. Wes-
ton, illus. in color, $2.50.-Robinson Crusoe, by
Daniel Defoe, illus. in color by Henry Gilbert,
$1.50.-Stokes' Wonder Book, 1911, illus. in color,
etc., $1.50.—The Moving Picture Book, illus. in
colors by A. Z. Baker, $1.50.-The Italian Fairy
Book, by Anne MacDonell. illus., $1.50.—The Run-
away Equator, by Lillian Beli, illus. by Peter
Newell, $1.25. -Brownikins, by Ruth Arkwright,
music by I. W. Wilson, illus. in color; $1.50.-Out
in the Woods, by M. & G. Parker, ilſug. in color,
$1.50.—Overheard at the Zoo, by Gladys Davidson,
illus., $1. net.—How They Came Home from
School, by R. S. Praeger, illus. in color, $1.-Go
to Sleep, by Stella G. S. Perry, with frontispiece
in color, $1.-Good and Bad Cats, pictures and
verse by Frederick White, $1.-The Surprise Book,
by Clara A. and George K. Williams, illus. in color,
$1.25.—The Boys' Book of Indians and the Wild
West, by George A. Williams, illus. in color, $1.-
The Animal A, B, C., by C. A. and G. A. Williams,
illus. in color, $1.-Buster Brown's Fun and Non-
sense, by R. F. Outcault, 60 cts.-Bunny's Blue
Book, by Bunny, illus., 60 cts.-Captain Kiddo and
Puppo, by Margaret C. Hays, illus., 60 cts.—The
Ships that Glue Sailed, illus. in colors, $1.-Ducky
Daddles, by Grace 8. Wiederseim, illus., 50 cts.
(Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
Shakespeare for Children, by Alice Spencer Hoffman,
illus. in color by Charles Folkard, $3.—The Story
of Puppet Pinocchio, by C. E. Collidi, illus. in color
by Charles Folkard, $2.50.-Sylvia's Travels, by
Mrs. Maxwell Armfield, illus. in color, $2.50.-
Gulliver's Travels, by Jonathan Swift, illus. in
color by A. E. Jackson, $2.50.—The Story of Bay-
ard, by Christopher Hare, illus. in color, $2.-A
Girl's Eton, by May Baldwin, illus., $1.50.—A
Schoolgirl of Moscow, by May Baldwin, illus., 1
$1.50.—The Sunset of the Heroes, last adventures
of the takers of Troy, by Miss W. M. L. Hutchin-
son, illus. in color by Herbert Cole, $2.—The Cave
of Gold, a story of California in 1849, by Everett
McNeil, illus., $1.50.-Pepper's Boys' Playbook of
Science, by John Mastin, revised and rewritten,
illus.—Captain Polly, an Annapolis Co-ed, by
Gabrielle E. Jackson, illus., $1.50.—Happy Days at
Hillside, by Emily Hewitt Morse, illus., $1. net.-
The White Seneca, by William W. Canfield, illus.,
$1.25 net.- The Story of Parzival the Templar,
by Mary Blackwell Sterling, illus., $1.50.–Bob
Knight's Diary on a Farm, by Charlotte Curtis
Smith, illus., $1.50.-The So-and-So Family, by
Ethel'c. Brown, illus., $1.25.-Fairy Tales from
Many Lands, by Katherine Pyle, with colored
frontispiece, $1.50.—Dutton's Children's Classics,
new vols.: Masterman Ready, by Captain Marryat;
Bible Stories; each illus., $1.25. (E. P. Dutton
& Co.)
The Sea Fairies, by L. Frank Baum, illus. in color,
$1.25.-Twinkle and Chubbins, their astonishing ad-
ventures in native-fairyland,' by Laura Bancroft,
illus. in color, $1.—The Magic Aeroplane, by Mrs.
L. H. S. Henderson, illus. in color, $i.—What Hap-
pened at Olenberg, by Clifford Howard, illus. in
color, $1. net.—The Daring Twins, by L. Frank
Baum, illus., $1. net.—The Flying Girl, by Edith
Van Dyne, illus., $1. net.--The Airship Boys in
Finance, or The Flight of the Flying Cow, illus.,
$1.—The Airship Boys' Ocean Flyer, or New York
to London in Twelve Hours, by H. L. Sayler, illus.,
$1.-Eight Little Japs, by Ernest B. Pinkney, illus.
in color, 60 cts.-Fairy Tales from Shakespeare, by
Fay Adams, illus. in color, 60 cts. A Cruise in the
Ský, or The Legend of the Great Pink Pearl, by
Ashton Lamar, illus., 60 cts.-Battling the Big
Horn, or The Aeroplane in the Rockies, by Ashton
Lamar, illus., 60 cts.—The Boy Fortune Hunters in
the South Seas, by Floyd Akers, illus., 60 cts.-
Aunt Jane's Nieces and 'Uncle John, by Edith Van
Dyne, illus., 60 cts.--The Story of Peter Rabbit, by
Beatrice Potter, illus. in color, 25 cts. (Reilly &
Britton Co.)
Betty Wales Decides, by Margaret Warde, illus. by
Eva M. Nagel, $1.25.-A Sophomore Co-ed, by Alice
Louise Lee, illus., $1.20 net.--A Little Princess of
the Patio, by Aileen Cleveland Higgins, illus.,
$1.25.—Glenloch Girls' Club, by Grace M. Remick,
$1.25.—Peggy Owen at Yorktown, by Lucy Foster
Madison, $1.25.—The Young Continentals at Tren-
ton, by John T. McIntyre, illus., $1.25.-Roger
Paulding, Apprentice Seaman, by Com. Edward L.
Beach, Ü. s. n., illus., $1.20 net.-A U. S. Mid-
shipman in Japan, by Lieut.-Com. Yates Stirling,
Jr., U. S. N., illus., $1.25.-A West Point Lieu-
tenant, by Capt. Paul B. Malone, U. S. A., illus.,
$1.25. —The School Team on the Diamond, by John
Prescott Earl, illus., $1.25.- A Graduate Coach, by
T. Truxton Hare, illus., $1.25.-Letty's New Home,
by Helen Sherman Griffith, illus., 60 cts. The
Rambler Club on Circle T. Ranch, by W. Crispin
Sheppard, illus., 60 cts.—The Rambler Club among
the Lumberjacks, by W. Crispin Sheppard, illus.,
60 cts. The Camp on Indian Island, by James
Otis, illus., 60 cts.-Grandpa's Little Girls and
Miss Abitha, by Alice Turner Curtis, illus., $1.-
Felecia's Folks, by Elizabeth Lincoln Gould, illus.,
$1.—The Admiral's Little Secretary, by Elizabeth
Lincoln Gould, illus., $1.--Marjorie's Schooldays,
by Alice Turner Curtis, illus., $1.-The Story of
Cotton, by Alice Turner Curtis, illus., 75 cts. net.-
The Story of Gold and Silver, by Elizabeth I.
Samuel, illus., 75 cts. net. (Penn Publishing Co.)
The New Book of Animals, by Horace G. Groser,
illus. in color, $2.50 net.--The New Book of Birds,


1911.)
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THE DIAL
by Horace G. Groser, illus, in color, $2.50 net.---A
Book of Nimble Beasts, by Douglas English, illus.
in color, $2. net.-The Old Testament Story, told
to the young, by Gladys Davidson, illus., $2. net.-
Songs of Innocence, by William Blake, with preface
by Thomas Seccombe, illus. in color, $1.50 net.-
Perrault's Fairy Tales, illus, in color, $1.50 net.--
Seeing the World, by Ascot Hope, illus. in color,
$1.50.-The Minute Boys of Philadelphia, by James
Otis, illus., $1.25.—The Crooked Trail, by Lewis B.
Miller, illus., $1.50.-Chatterbox for 1911, illus. in
color, $1.25.-Sunday, illus. in color, $1.25.—The
Complete Story of Old Mother Hubbard, told by
Ladbroke Black, illus. in color, $1.-Gervas and the
Magic Castle, by Blanche V. Harvey, illus. in color,
75 cts.-Pinky Winky Stories, by Margaret John-
son, illus., 75 cts.—The Six Little Pennypackers, by
Sophie Swett, illus., 75 cts.-Adventures of Pony
Dexter, illus., 50 cts.—Travel Tales of the West
Indies, by F. A. Ober, illus., $1.-Talbot's Angles,
by Amy Blanchard, with colored frontispiece, $1.50.
(Dana Estes & Co.)
The Treasure-Book of Children's Verse, edited by
Mabel and Lilian Quiller-Couch, illus. in color by
M. Etheldreda Gray, $5. net.—The Book of Baby
Beasts, by May Byron, illus. in color by E. J.
Detmold, $3.50 net.-Cecil Alden's Happy Family,
by May Byron, illus. in color by Cecil Alden, $3.
net.—This Year's Book for Boys, illus. in color,
$1.50 net.—The Kewpies and Dotty Darling, by
Rose O'Neill, illus., $1.25 net.-The Peek-a-Boos,
by Chloë Preston, illus. in color, $1.25 net.--Thé
Teddy Bearplane, by May Byron, illus. in color. 50
cts. net.—The Little Small Red Hen, by May Byron,
50 cts. net.–Fables from Aesop, illus. by Percy
Billinghurst, 50 cts. net.-Adventures of Dumpy
Dimple and his Dog, by May Byron, illus., 50 cts.
net.-The Little Listener, by Amy Le Feuvre, illus.,
$1. net.—The Yellow Pearl, by Adeline M. Teskey,
$1. net.—The Expected King, by Lettice Bell, illus.,
$1.25 net.— The Children's Bookcase, new vols.:
Longfellow's Poems for Children; Tennyson's
Poems for Children; Browning's Poems for Chil-
dren; Grimm's Fairy Tales; Andersen's Fairy
Tales; Alice in Wonderland; each illus. in color,
50 cts. net. (Hodder & Stoughton.)
The Big Book of Fairy Tales, selected by Walter
Jerrold, illus. in color, etc., $2.50.—The Arabian
Nights, selected and re-told by Gladys Davidson,
illus. in color, etc., $1.50 net.-At the Back of the
North Wind, by George Macdonald, illus. in color,
etc., $1.50.- The Princess and the Goblin, by George
Macdonald, illus. in color, etc., $1.50.-Ronald Ban-
nerman's Boyhood, by George Macdonald, illus. in
color, etc., $1.50.—Peggy's Travels, a picture book,
by Walter Cook, illus. in color, etc., $1.25.-Busy
Little People All the World Over, by Walter Cook,
illus. in color, etc., $1.25.—No Ordinary Girl, by
Bessie Marchant, illus., $1.25.—Betty's First Term,
by Lilian F. Wevill,' illus., $1.25.-An Original
Girl, by Ethel F. Heddle, illus., $1.25.—The Nicest
Girl in the School, by Angela Brazil, illus., $1.25.--
The Manor House School, by Angela Brazil, illus.,
$1.25.—Tom Stapleton, the Boy Scout, illus., $1.25.
-The Moon God's Secret, by Robert M. Macdonald,
illus., $1.25.—The Gold Seekers, by Robert M. Mac-
donald, illus., $1.25.–Doggy Doggerol, by Emily
Westrup, illus. in color, etc., $1.-The Story of
Snips, the Naughty Mouse, by Augustine Macgregor,
illus. in color, $1.- A Hunting Á. B. C., by Kate
Westrup, illus. in color, $1.-Tales and Talks from
History, a picture book by T. Heath Robinson,
illus. in color, $1.—Tales and Talks in Nature's
Garden, by Alice T. Morris, illus, in color, etc., $1.
-The Land of Let's Pretend, and other poems of
child life, by Carl Werner, illus, in color, $1.-Crib
and Fly, edited by Charles Welsh, illus., 60 cts.-
The Child's Own Library of Stories Old and New,
new titles: The Little Red Purse, by Jennie Chap-
pell; Two Little Crusoes, by A. B. Romney; Bravest
of All, by Mabel Mackness; A Bright Little Pair,
by L. E. Tiddeman; Robinson Crusoe; The Story
of Aladdin; Gulliver's Travels; each illus. in color,
60 cts.—Caldwell's Boys and Girls at Home, fourth
issue, illus. in color, etc., $1.25 net. (H. M. Cald-
well Co.)
All about Airships, by Ralph Simmonds, with colored
frontispiece, $1.50.-Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel
Defoe, illus. in color by Wal Paget, $1.50.--The
Girls' Annual, and The Boys' Annual, each illus.
in color, $1.50.-Little Folks, semi-annual volume,
$1. net.-Cassell's Annual for Boys and Girls, illus.
in color, $1.25.–Fairy Rings, by Edith Howes,
illus. in color, $1.25.--Bo-Peep, a treasury for the
little ones, yearly volume, illus. in color, 75 cts.-
Cassell's Famous Juvenile Classics, new vols.:
Cranford, Tales from Shakespeare, The Last of the
Mohicans, Masterman Ready, A Tale of Two Cities,
and John Halifax, Gentleman; each with colored
frontispiece, 75 cts. (Cassell & Co.)
Shakespeare a Child Can Read and Act, edited with
stage directions by Ben Greet, illus. in color, $1.20
net.-Grimm's Fairy Tales, illus. in color by Arthur
Rackham, new and cheaper edition, $1.50 net.-Fur-
ther Adventures of Nils, by Selma Lagerlof, trans.
by Velma Swanston Howard, illus., $1.20 net.— The
Transformation of Krag, by Eugene P. Lyle, Jr.,
illus., $1.20 net.-Wild Animals Every Child Should
Know, by Julia Ellen Rogers, illus., $1.20 net.—The
Scout' Manual Series, new vols.: The Forester's
Manual, by Ernest Thompson Seton, $1. net.; Man-
ual of Signs and Sign Language, by Ernest Thomp-
son Seton, illus., 50 cts. net. -The Adventures of
Bobby Orde, by Stewart Edward White, illus., $1.20
net.- Pleasant Hour Series, first vol.: An Hour
With the Fairies, 25 cts. net.-Crimson Classics,
new vol.: The Talking Beasts, a book of fable
wisdom for children, edited by Kate Douglas Wig-
gin and Nora Archibald Smith, illus. in color, $1.25
net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
The Land We Live In, the boys' book of conserva-
tion, by Overton W. Price, with foreword by Gif-
ford Pinchot, illus., $1.50 net.-Harmony Hall, by
Marion Hill, illus., $1.10 net.--The Young Tiniber
Cruisers, by Hugh Pendexter, illus., $1.20 net.—The
Young Gem Hunters, by Hugh Pendexter, illus.,
$1.20 net.—The Sultan's Rival, by Bradley Gilman,
illus., $1.20 net.—Grandmother Goose Stories, by
John Howard Jewett, 4 volumes, illus. in color, each
50 cts. net. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, and Through the
Looking Glass, by Lewis Carroll, illus. by John
Tenniel, 2 vols., each 75 cts.; or two vols. in one,
$1.-A Little Lame Prince, by Dinah Mulock, illus.,
75 cts.-Stories that Grandmother Knew, illus., $1.
-Almost True Stories, illus., $1.–Stories of the
Republic, illus., $1. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Read Out Loud Books, by John Martin, 5
vols., each illus., in box, $3. net.—The Now-a-clays
Fairy Book, by Anna Alice Chapin, illus. in color,
$2.--Bob Dashaway, Privateersman, by Cyrus Town-
send Brady, illus., $1.25.-Patty's Motor Car, by
Carolyn Wells, illus., $1.25.–Marjorie's Maytime,
by Carolyn Wells, illus., $1.25. (Dodd, Mead &
Co.)
The Five Senses, by Angela M. Keyes, illus. in color
by Jessie Wilcox Smith, $1. net.-When Margaret
Was a Freshman, by Elizabeth H. Hunt, illus.--
Stories to Read or Tell, edited by Laure Claire
Foucher, illus., $1.25 net.-When Mother Lets Us
Keep Pets, by Constance Johnson, illus., 75 cts. net.
-When Mother Lets Us Play, by Angela M. Keyes,
illus., 75 cts. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
1


266
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THE DIAL
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les portes
Marryat's Children of the New Forest, illus, in color
by E. Boyd Smith, $1.35 net.-Saints and Heroes,
to the end of the Middle Ages, by Dean Hodges,
illus.---The Castaways of Pete's Patch, by Carroll
W. Rankin, illus.-Friends in the End, by Beulah
Mary Dix, illus.—Tom Strong, Washington's Scout,
by Alfred B. Mason, illus.--The Quietness of Dick,
by R. E. Vernede, illus., $1.25 net. (Henry Holt
& Co.)
Fairy Tales Children Love, edited by Charles Welsh,
with colored frontispiece, $1.25.-Honor and Arms;
and Tales from old Ballads, by Mary Macleod;
each illus., 50 cts.—I Read them Myself Series,
comprising: Jack and the Beanstalk, Little Red
Riding Hood and Cinderella; Hop o' My Thumb
and The Wolf and the Seven Kids; each illus. in
color, 50 cts. net. (Dodge Publishing Co.)
Woodsey Neighbors of Tan and Teckle, by Charles
Lee Bryson, illus., $1.25 net.—The Hero of Heroes,
by Robert F. Horton, illus., $1.25 net.-The Bible
Zoo, by Albert C. Mackinnon, $1. net.-Children's
Story-Sermons, by Hugh T. Kerr, $1. net. (Flem-
ing H. Revell Co.)
The Heart of Youth, poems grave and gay for young
people, edited by Jeanette L. Gilder, with introduc-
tion by Frances Hodgson Burnett, $1.50 net.---The
Likable Chap, by Henry McHarg Davenport, illus.,
$1.20 net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.)
The City that Never Was Reached, by Jay T. Stock-
ing, illus., $1. net.-In Playland, by Frances Weld
Danielson, illus. in color, $1. net.—Little Animal
Stories, by F. W. Danielson, illus. in color, $1. net.
(Pilgrim Press.)
Peter Pan, retold in story form by G. D. Drennan,
with frontispiece, 75 cts.-Black Beauty, by Anna
Sewell, illus. in color by Robert L. Dickey, $1.50.-
Aunt Maria's Dressing Table, a book to paint in
and to read, by Helen Reid Cross, 50 cts." (Barse
& Hopkins.)
The Treasuré Babies, by Maria Thompson Daviess,
illus., $1. net. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
Bunnyville Folk, by Jessie Juliet Knox.—The Jim
Family, by Susie A. Winold. (Jennings & Graham.)
The Yellow Magnet, by E. J. Houston, $1.25 net.
(Griffith & Rowland Press.)
The Story-Life of Washington: A Life History in Five
Hundred True Stories, selected from original sources.
By Wayne Whipple. Two volumes, illustrated, 8vo.
John C. Winston Co. $3. net.
Abraham Lincoln: A Lover of Mankind. By Eliot Nor-
ton. With portrait, 16mo, 95 pages. Moffat, Yard
& Co. 75 cts. net.
HISTORY.
The Quakers in the American Colonies. By Rufus M.
Jones, assisted by Isaac Sharpless and Amelia W.
Gummere. 8vo, 603 pages. Macmillan Co. $3.50 net.
Leading Facts of New Mexican History. By Ralph
Emerson Twitchell. Vol. I., illustrated, 8vo, 506
pages. The Torch Press. $6. net.
The Presidential Campaign of 1860. By Emerson David
Fite. 8vo, 369 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.net.
Statesmen of the Old South; or, From Radicalism to
Conservative Revolt. By William E. Dodd. 12mo,
242 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Dutch Republic and the American Revolution.
By Frederich Edler, M. Dipl., Ph. D. 8vo, 252 pages.
"Studies in Historical and Political Sciences." Johns
Hopkins Press.
Kansas in the Sixties. By Samuel T. Crawford. With
portraits, 8vo, 440 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
$2.net.
New Jersey as a Royal Province, 1738-1776. By Edgar
Jacob Fisher, Ph. D. 8vo, 504 pages. Columbia
University Press. $3. net.
A Corner Stone of Colonial Commerce. By J
merce. By John A.
Stoughton. Illustrated, 12mo, 91 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.50 net.
The Towa. By William Harvey Miner. Illustrated,
100 pages. "Little Histories of North Ameri-
can Indians." The Torch Press. $1. net.
The Indian Place Names of Long Island and Islands
Adjacent. By William Wallace Tooker; edited, with
introduction, by Alexander F. Chamberlain. 8vo,
342 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Lee's Invasion of Northwest Virginia in 1861. By
Granville Davisson Hall. 12mo, 164 pages. Pub-
lished by the author: Glencoe, Ill. $1.25.
in the Land of the Pharaohs: A Short History of
Egypt from the Fall of Ismail to the Assassination
of Boutros Pasha. By Duse Mohamed. Illustrated,
8vo, 392 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $3. net.
The New Italy: A Discussion of Its Present Political
and Social Conditions. By Frederico Garlanda;
translated by M. E. Wood. 12mo, 406 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Famous Sea Fights from Salamis to Tsushima. By
John Richard Hale. Illustrated, 12mo, 349 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. $2. net.
In Tudor Times: Short Character Studies of the Great
Elizabethans. By Edith L. Elias. Illustrated, 256
pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50.
In Stewart Times: Short Character-Studies of the
Great Figure of the Period. By Edith L. Elias,
Illustrated, 12mo, 260 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co.
$1.50.
The Records of Christ Church, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Edited by Helen Wilkinson Reynolds. Published by
the Wardens and Vestrymen upon the tenth anni-
versary of the institution of the rector, the Rev.
Alexander Griswold Cummins. Poughkeepsie: Frank
B. Howard.
GENERAL LITERATURE
Wordsworth and the English Lake Country: An In-
troduction to a Poet's Country. By Eric Robert-
son, M. A.; illustrated by Arthur Tucker, 8vo, 364
pages. D. Appleton & Co. $2.25 net.
The Cambridge History of English Literature. Edited
By A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller. Vol. VII., Cava-
lier & Puritan. Large 8vo, 621 pages. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $2.50 net.
The Political Prophecy in England. By Rupert Taylor,
Ph. D. 8vo, 185 pages. "Columbia University
Studies in English.” Columbia University Press.
$1.25 net.
The Rise of the Novel of Manners. By Charlotte E.
Morgan, Ph. D. 8vo, 280 pages. "Columbia Uni-
versity Studies in English.” Columbia University
Press. $1.50 net.
Maeterlinck's Symbolism. By Henry Rose. 16mo, 115
pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1. net.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 166 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Great Empress Dowager of China. By Philip W.
Sargent. Illustrated, 8vo, 344 pages. Dodd, Mead &
Co. $3.50 net.
Napoleon 1.: A Biography. By August Fournier; trans-
lated by Annie Elizabeth Adams. Two volumes,
with frontispieces and maps. Henry Holt & Co.
Napoleon. By Arthur Hassell, M. A. Illustrated, 8vo,
336 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $2.50 net.
Talleyrand the Man By Bernard de Lacombe; trans-
lated by A. D'Alberti. With frontispiece, 8vo, 412
pages. Dana Estes & Co. $3.50 net.
The Falr Quaker: Hannah Lightfoot and Her Relations
with George Ill. By Mary L. Pendered. Illustrated,
8vo, 378 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $4. net.
Captain Cartwright and His Labrador Journal. Edited
by Charles Wendell Townsend; with introduction by
Dr. Wilfrid T. Grenfell. Illustrated, 418 pages. Dana
Estes Co. $2. net.
The Life and Poetry of Charles Cotton. By Charles
Jacob Sembower. 8vo, 127 pages. The University
of Pennsylvania: D. Appleton & Co., Agents.
Some Eccentrics and a Woman. By Lewis Melville.
Illustrated, 8vo, 285 pages. James W. Pott & Co. $3.
net.
Great Love Stories of the Theatre: A Record of The-
atrical Romance. By Charles W. Collins. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 327 pages. Duffieid & Co. $3.50 net.


1911.)
267
THE DIAL
Ecclesiastes; or, The Preacher. Limited Riverside The Dangerous Age. By Karin Michaelis; with in-
Press Edition. With decorative page borders, 12mo. troduction by Marcel Prévost. 12mo, 215 pages.
Houghton Miffin Co. $7.50 net.
John Lane Co. $1.20 net.
The Complete Poetical Works of Dante Gabriel Ros- Initials Only. By Anna Katharine Green. With
setti. With biographical sketch by William A. Ros frontispiece in color, 12mo, 356 pages. Dodd, Mead
setti. 12mo, 349 pages. "Thin Paper Poets."
& Co. $1.30 net.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.25.
Her Little Young Ladyship. By Myra Kelly. With
Comfort Found in Good Old Books. By George Ham-
portrait, 12mo. 348 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
lin Fitch. Illustrated, 16mo. 171 pages. Paul Elde
$1.25 net.
& Co. $1.50 net.
The Harvester. By Gene Stratton Porter. Illustrated
The Paracelsus of Robert Browning. By Christina in color, 8vo, 564 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co.
Pollock Denison, 12mo, 239 pages. Baker & Taylor $1.35 net.
Co. $1.50 net.
The Sick-A-Bed Lady, and Other Stories. By Eleano
Stories of Shakespeare's Tragedies. By H. A. Guerber.
Hallowell Abbott. Illustrated, 12mo, 371 pages.
Illustrated, 12mo, 350 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. Century Co. $1.30 net.
$1.25 net.
Her Roman Lover By Eugenia Brooks Frothing-
The Technique of English non-Dramatic Blank Verse. ham. Illustrated, 12mo, 287 pages. Houghton Mifflin
By Edward Payson Morton. 12mo, 123 pages. R. R. Co. $1.25 net.
Donnelley & Sons.
The Forbidden Way. By George Gibbs. Illustrated.
BOOKS OF VERSE
12mo, 388 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25 net.
Poems. By Madison Cawein: foreword by William
A Person of Some Importance. By Lloyd Osbourne.
Dean Howells. 12mo, 318 pages. Macmillan Co.
Illustrated, 12mo, 329 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
$1.35 net.
$1.25 net.
A Painter's Holiday and Other Poems. By Bliss Car-
The Carpet from Bagdad. By Harold McGrath. Il-
man. 43 pages. Limited edition: 4to. New York:
lustrated in color, 12mo, 390 pages. Bobbs-Merrill
Frederic Fairchild Sherman.
Co. $1.25 net.
The Book of Scottish Poetry: Being an Anthology of
The Heart of a Woman: The Mystery of a Taxicab.
the Best Scottish Verse from the Earliest Times to
By Baroness Orczy. 12mo, 321 pages. George H.
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1911.]
269
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ART AND MUSIC
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Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at soul when he asked a kind friend to explain to
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him the exact distinction between Hunyadi
No. 608. OCTOBER 16, 1911. Vol. LI.
Janos and Omar Khayyam. It may not even
be going too far to attribute to the same inquir-
CONTENTS.
ing spirit the remark, apropos of a reference to
PETER AND THE PRIMROSE. ....... 281
Homer's Odyssey, “Homer's, I believe, is the
best.” The condition of mind which these an-
TWO KINDS OF READERS ......... 284
cient jests serve to illustrate is by no means
THE LOSS OF A GREAT TEACHER ..... 285
uncommon, and there is some reason to think
CASUAL COMMENT ............ 286 that it is being created in more numerous ex-
The perils and problems of the publishing business.
– Dr. Johnson on golf.-Index-making as a field for
amples than ever before by the educational
prison labor. — Lincolniana curiosa. — The clean methods currently in vogue, and by feeding
printing of clean literature. The puzzling participle
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What to do about it becomes a more and more
COMMUNICATIONS
serious question to those who are not willing to
Origin of “A Philadelphia Lawyer." Isaac R.
accept such a counsel of despair as Goethe's
Pennypacker.
“ Es muss doch solche Käuze geben," and turn
Dr. John Bascom — A Tribute. Julian Park.
an indifferent gaze to the manifestations of
Occultism and Practical Life. Clara Henderson.
mental ineptitude that confront us upon every
A GREAT AMERICAN STORY-WRITER. Percy
F. Bicknell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
hand every day of the year. Of one thing
ITALIAN PROBLEMS OF WAR AND PEACE.
there can be no doubt: the complacency of the
Anna Benneson McMahan . . . . . . . . . 292 type of mind which the “ howlers" above cited
THE MESSAGE OF MUSIC. Louis James Block . . 293 exemplify is as complete as its ignorance is
THE INTEREST OF INDIA. Fred B. R. Hellems 294 comprehensive. Asmug self-satisfaction coupled
Collier's The West in the East. - Fraser's Among
with a condescending willingness to be informed
Indian Rajahs and Ryots. - Stebbing's Jungle By-
ways in India. -Cape's Benares.
rather than with an eagerness to learn, is the
EVOLUTION: AS SPECULATION AND AS FACT.
attitude such exhibits betray. Mr. Frank Moore
Raymond Pearl . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Colby, commenting upon various instances of
Bernard's Some Neglected Factors in Evolution. - naïve self-revelation, brings the matter home
Willey's Convergence in Evolution. — Crampton's
to us. He professes to be unable to distin-
The Doctrine of Evolution. - Geddes and Thom-
son's Evolution.- De Vries's The Mutation Theory, guish between the examples that are afforded
Volume II.- Punnett's Mendelism. — Drink water's by actual experience and those that are merely
Lecture on Mendelism.
humorous inventions. The difficulty arises,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ......... 298
Three old-time Southern statesmen.-A baroque city
he says, “ from careless reading in newspapers,
of modern Italy. - Disenchanting pictures of court novels, and books of sarcasm about America,
life.-William of Orange, hero and prophet.–Stories without trying to remember which is which.
and legends of Oxford colleges. — "Old authors to
read.”-Studies of behavior in animals. - First aids
It is, of course, altogether irrational. I know,
to the student of psychology.
for example, that Colonel Watterson did not
NOTES ................. 302 occur in • Martin Chuzzlewit,' but is occurring
LIST OF NEW BOOKS ........... 303 daily in some Southern State. I know that
.
288


282
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Senator Beveridge is not an invention of James ness, holding blessedness to be a higher aim
Russell Lowell, but, on the contrary, a physio- than happiness in its determination of the con-
logical fact, one of nature's cunning plagiaries.” duct of life.
To account for one of these authentic instances, Thus, by a somewhat devious path, we come
it would be necessary to make an exhaustive to what is after all a very simple proposition -
study of the man's upbringing and enviroment, that the equipment of the mind is the only thing
and perhaps to supplement the study by an ex that really matters in a man's relations to this
amination of his ancestral strain. The psycho- complicated and many-colored world. “The
logical make-upin which obtuseness and stolidity mere lapse of years is not life,” says Martineau.
are commingled with rudimentary imaginative “To eat, to drink, and to sleep, — to be exposed
power and a well-nigh total lack of the sense to darkness and the light, — to pace round in
of humor will exhibit surprising reactions; but, the mill of habit, and turn thought into an imple-
whatever form they may assume, they will all ment of trade, — this is not life; knowledge,
illustrate La Bruyère's maxim : “ Tout l'esprit truth, love, beauty, goodness, faith, alone can
qui est au monde est inutile a celui qui n'en a give vitality to the mechanism of existence.”
point.” And they will all suggest the lamentable But all these elements of life in the richer sense
case of Peter Bell, who could see in the prim are the reactions of the thinking subject to the
rose nothing but a yellow flower - certainly impressions made by the external world. The
no Rhodora or Genestra, no mountain daisy or mind is no passive recipient, but a source of
lesser celandine.
creative energy; and its own contribution is
“ To a German we might have compressed what gives value and significance to every such
all this long description into a single word,” reaction. It is one of the oldest of common-
says Carlyle, writing of William Taylor's places to say that what a man brings to the
“ Historic Survey of German Poetry.” “Mr. contemplation of nature and art is the measure
Taylor is what they call a Philister ; every of what he gains. The young Parsifal, stolid
fibre of him is Philistine. With us, such men and unresponsive, beholds unmoved the suffer-
usually take into politics and become Code ings of the King and the unveiling of the sacred
makers and Utilitarians.” Since Carlyle wrote vessel. The older Parsifal, enriched by experi-
these words we have naturalized the term — ence and enlightened by divine sympathy,
thanks mainly to Matthew Arnold — and have redeems the brotherhood from its curse, and is
found it useful to have the concept thus ver fit to assume the functions of priest and king.
bally crystallized. The persons whom the Ger In this allegory we touch the heart of life, and
mans call Philistines and the French épiciers drink refreshment from its deepest and most
are oppressively numerous in our own conntry. hidden springs.
Despite the good things that may fairly be said Fundamental in importance among the influ-
about them, and regardless of Leslie Stephen's | ences which have caused the tribe of Peter to
malicious suggestion that the name is "applied multiply in such numbers among us, and have
by prigs to the rest of their species,” our made the myopic Petrine vision almost the
Philistines make a most distressful braying in normal type of our modern seeing, is the wanton
the market-place, and the plea of the spirit is and lamentable neglect of the great literary
not easily to be heard amidst the din. They sources of imaginative power and ethical inspira-
muddle everything they touch - politics, edu tion. We batten upon moors when we might
cation, art, ethics, religion, — reducing to hard feed upon the fairest of mountain pastures.
material terms the most elusive problems of | We no longer lift up our eyes unto the distant
life. Themselves inacessible to ideas, they hills whence cometh strength, but fix them upon
create an atmosphere which stifles all the finer the lowlands close at hand, fat with their material
instincts and aspirations, and makes the idealist harvests. We do not purge the visual nerve
feel “ that the sky over his head is of brass and with the euphrasy of noble poetry, but narcotize
iron.” They even construct counterfeit ideal its sensitive fibres with amorphous prose. When
isms of their own - in politics, socialism ; in we might be adding to our spiritual stature by
education, vocational training ; in art, realism; communion with the great souls who beckon to
in ethics, hedonism ; in religion, ceremonial / us from the pages of literature, we accept instead
and dogma, — all of the earth, earthy, and all the stunted development that comes from fixing
pitifully inadequate to feed the soul intent upon our attention upon the miserable writings of
free individual growth, eager to invest itself the day, deriving from them the dull satisfac-
with beauty, athirst for truth and righteous- | tion that means no more than exemption from
VUOMI


1911.]
283
THE DIAL
the need of mental effort and from the annoy were offered by the impressionable years of
ance of growing pains.
childhood. How easily a child's feet may be
Most fatal of all the shortcomings of the type led into the pleasant paths of literature, and
of mind which so distressingly asserts itself in his eager mind stored with images and emotions
this new century is its ignorance of the Bible | that will remain fresh for the rest of his life!
and of the ancient classics. From every school And with what perverse exercise of pedantic
and college in the country the cry goes out ingenuity do we create in him a sullen hatred
that young people show no signs of familiarity for literature, sealing forever its copious springs
with these foundations of cultural education, of joy! Says the author of “Sartor Resartus”:
and that in consequence a large part of modern “How can an inanimate mechanical gerund-grinder,
literature is to them a sealed book. What are the like of whom will, in a subsequent country, be
euphemistically called educational advantages manufactured at Nürnberg out of wood and leather,
do not nowadays seem to include the advantage
foster the growth of anything, much more of Mind,
which grows not like a vegetable (by having its roots
of the preparation without which no student is fit
littered with etymological compost), but like a spirit
to enter into his rightful inheritance of English by mysterious contact of spirit; thought kindling itself
letters. Where shall we fix the responsibility at the fire of living thought? How shall he give kind-
for the purblind outlook of so many who pass
ling in whose inward man there is no live coal, but all
for educated men? It would be unjust to charge
is burnt out to a dead grammatical cinder?”
it all to the account of the colleges. They do! In the deepest sense, “this very real world
about the best they can with the plastic material of ours, with all its suns and milky ways,"
placed in their hands for moulding, and should exists only in the subject mind which beholds it,
rest under no severer indictment than that of for such is the ultimate teaching of philosophy.
fostering a confused sense of values, and con- | It is a world created under the forms of time
ducting an educational process in which there and space and causation, and emerges from the
are far too many loose ends. The lower schools void into seeming reality only when the subject
come in for some share of the censure, and the mind imposes these forms upon whatever may
parents for some further share. But the evil be its objective counterpart. But without
must in large measure be ascribed to the gen dwelling upon this metaphysical abstraction, it
eral conditions of American life, to the ideals may be said that superimposed upon this formal
which are in the air, to the prevailing incentive structure—this causally ordered world of exten-
of commercialism, and to the countless influences sion and sequencethere is for each individual
that encourage the frivolous dispositions of the the world of his own special making. Whatever
young, and discourage the development of their | richness of content this world of the individual
serious aptitudes. Against the pressure of the may have, whatever wealth of intellectual and
spiritually enervating environment to which our emotional meaning it may possess for him, is
youth is almost everywhere exposed, it is little the function of his own mental equipment. It
more than a futile resistance that may be offered is the subjective factor in this dual relation out
by school and college.
of which his world is shaped that determines
That a spring can rise no higher than its how much of a world it shall be. It is a world
source, is unquestionable as a proposition of simple or complex, dull or glowing, meaningless
hydrodynamics ; but if we were to accept it as a or purposeful, in accordance with what he con-
principle of education, we should indeed be tributes to its fashioning. Peter's world and
yielding to a counsel of despair. Is the new the world of Plato and Shakespeare have the
generation to do no better than the old, and is same foundations, but how immense their
its growth to be cribbed, cabined, and confined | difference in superstructure! They offer the
by the conditions that have stunted its predeces- contrast between dull monotony of surface and
sor? If the lesson of failure were to be read as richly-figured design, between fat low-lying
meaning the inevitability of new failure, there | roofs and soaring spires. And if such a thing
would be small hope for the future of mankind. , as freedom of choice there be, the individual
But as the individual may rise on stepping- must find its noblest exercise in seeking to make
stones of its dead self to higher things, so the spacious his spiritual habitation, harmonious in
new generation may profit by the mistakes of its proportioning, lovely in its adornment, and
the old, and attain to a clearer vision. Dul- far-seeing in its outlook. This is the funda-
ness of mind in the adult may be the expres- mental obligation of all self-discipline, and
sion of native defect, but it is more likely to be should be the controlling purpose of every
the consequence of neglecting opportunities that educational system.


284
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
TWO KINDS OF READERS.
with us, proved far more productive of oblivion to the
carking cares of life. Perhaps those self-imposed
The stream of the season's new books is now daily readings were not, after all, quite void of benefit
almost at flood, a swollen torrent fed by innumer- to the reader ; youth, with mind comparatively un-
able tributaries; and again the recurrent question furnished and elective affinities undeveloped, might
arises, How does so much reading-matter ever con in many instances be slow to get beyond its first
trive to get itself read?
story-books without the spur of a conscious purpose.
The readers of all these new books, like readers To read a book in order to be able truthfully to
in general, may be roughly divided into two obvious say that one has read it, or to read copiously in
classes – readers for pleasure and readers for profit, | order to astonish and awe others with a catalogue
or light-minded readers and serious-minded readers ; of one's achievements of this sort, is a very familiar
with all degrees of inter-shading and inter-mingling, form of serious reading. Most persons are at some
as in nearly every scheme of classification in nature. time in their lives guilty of this weakness, and not
Not novels alone attract the pleasure-seeking reader, a few never wholly cure themselves of it. There
nor does the purposeful student invariably scorn the comes to mind a lady of our acquaintance who, with
delights of fiction and live his laborious days in a an abounding zeal for self-culture, passed a studi-
rarefied atmosphere of pure science. A serious ous semester at Göttingen, where she wearied her
minded person's plan of self-culture may include a | friends with constant enumeration of the books and
daily stint of current fiction, just as a thoughtless authors she bad mastered, or thought she had mas-
and fun-loving person's appetite may spontaneously tered. Ich habe gelesen - this and that and the
crave an occasional dose of history or biography, of other, became the burden of her conversation, until
travels or essays, or even of philosophy or religion. she acquired for herself the nickname of Ich habe
What distinguishes the one class from the other is gelesen. And what did it all amount to, except
not so much the choice of books as the consciousness that she turned into a sort of walking catalogue of
of such choice. Those who live to read, who make the German classics ?
a serious business of reading and every little while The libraries of such persons as this estimable
dig up the soil of their minds to see whether the but unstimulating lady are likely to reflect their
literary seed there sown has begun to sprout, stand attitude toward books. Posing as persons of cul-
in a class apart from those who read to live more ture, they fill their shelves with all the books no
abundantly and zestfully, and who, it may be, cannot gentleman's library should be without, and have
to-day recall title or author of the book they laughed little intimate acquaintance with or fondness for
and cried over yesterday. Every reader knows, or | what the books contain. A friend of ours whose
thinks he knows, to which of these two classes he vocation leaves him little time for reading was
belongs, and feels a certain superiority, acknowl- | recently displaying his fine sets of English authors,
edged or unacknowledged, over those of the other purchased one after another in richly bound edi-
class. Nevertheless there are undoubtedly some tions, when we chanced to inquire whether he en-
who, admitting themselves to be frivolous readers, joyed Smollett, whose complete works in sumptuous
wish that they had the strength of mind to become dress presented an imposing platoon on their shelf.
serious readers; and others there are who, sadly The reply, prompt and unconcerned, indicated that
confessing that their days of careless, irresponsible, he had no acquaintance whatever with the volumi-
ecstatic reading are over, unavailingly long to recap nous Tobias, and apparently had no intention of
ture the charm that poetry and romance and history | cultivating one.
and adventure once had for them.
How different from this was book-loving Charles
Spontaneous readers (if one may so name those Lamb's way of acquiring a library! Every volume
who read to live, as opposed to self-conscious read- had its birth in his mind and desire before it took
ers, or those who live to read) never read by the material form on his shelves. An old author, hun-
clock, never assign themselves so many pages or grily devoured with his eyes in the window of some
chapters a day, never have to use a bookmark - second-hand bookshop, or perhaps all but read
or, when this gets misplaced, feel compelled to go through in snatches as he daily passed a favorite
back again and read from the beginning, as did the bookstall, would become, in process of time and
plodding pedant who got as far as Z in the encyclo | when the purchase money could be spared, the
pædia and then had to turn back to A because he prized possession of the East India House clerk,
had lost his place. But the systematic reader never who, with his sister perhaps to share his joy and
gets caught in this fashion. The perpetual con- pride, would triumphantly bear the coveted treasure
sciousness of a purpose in all one's reading precludes home and there revel at leisure in its delights. In
the possibility of rapture. Time and space and all somewhat the same gradual and characteristic
things terrestrial do not easily cease to exist for him fashion did Edward FitzGerald get together the
who reads (as we have done, to our sorrow, long modest collection of books whose disorderly array
ago, in the foolishness of youth) all of Homer in and hard usage testified to his visitors how much
daily portions of so many lines, and the entire more he cared about reading his favorites than about
Bible in course, a chapter a day. Subsequent hap- displaying them as a part of the furniture of his
hazard readings in both Homer and the Bible have, I house. The ruthless plucking-out of such portions


1911.]
285
THE DIAL
of his books as displeased him added no little to Dodgson's “Curiosa Mathematica” than over ninety
their disreputable appearance; but what cared he and nine clamorers for Lewis Carroll's “ Alice in
for that? Even Southey, literary hack though he Wonderland.”
was forced to become, had probably read and en-
joyed every volume in his book-packed hermitage at
Keswick. Though his copious reading must have THE LOSS OF A GREAT TEACHER.
usually bad an end in view, he would doubtless have
read about as much for the mere love of reading had
Dr. John Bascom, full of years and honors,
he been able to afford himself that luxury.
beloved in the college he had so long and faithfully
Unhappy is the lot of those whose literary inclina-
served, and in the town whose welfare he had for
tions tend in one direction, and whose real or sup-
decades helped to promote, admired for his breadth
posed duty points them to other fields of study or
and depth of learning and for the range of his liter-
reading. The bishop whose surreptitiously enjoyed
ary activities, and especially esteemed by DIAL
novel must be hurriedly thrust into a drawer when
readers for his scholarly contributions extending
a knock sounds on his study door, and his counte-
over a quarter of a century, died on the second of
nance composed to the seriousness of the early Chris-
this month, at his home in Williamstown, Mass., at
tian father open on the desk before him, is living a
the age of eighty-four. With the exception of his
divided life and in peril of most unepiscopal discom-
fourteen years' presidency of the Wisconsin State
fiture. Better for him to thrust his early Christian
University, Dr. Bascom's services as educator were
father into the drawer, if his theological studies are
given to the New England college where he received
a mere pretense, and fearlessly and openly to con-
his own education. Some incipient training for the
tinue the reading of his fascinating novel, exclaiming
bar and afterward for the pulpit followed his gradu-
with Crabbe (in “The Library," was it not?)—
ation from Williams in 1849; but from 1855 to 1902
“Go on! and while the sons of care complain,
(excepting the Wisconsin presidency) he taught at
Be wisely gay and innocently vain;
Williams — rhetoric, sociology, political economy,
While serious souls are by their fears undone, and, most important of all, character and manhood
Blow sportive bladders in the beamy sun."
and civic virtue. Two qualities especially impressed
The reader, like everyone else who desires peace those whose good fortune it was to know Dr. Bascom:
of mind, must follow Matthew Arnold's advice and his indomitable courage in matters of principle and
resolve to be himself, knowing that “he who finds personal conviction, and the courtly formality — the
himself loses his misery."
gentleman-of-the-old-school manner — that marked
It has been said that some read to think, some his bearing. His books, too numerous to admit of
read to write, and some read to talk; but whatsoever a full list of their titles here, were the ripened fruit
the purpose — the building up of mental tissue, the of his years of teaching, and dealt chiefly with phil-
making of other books, or the exhibition of intellec- osophical, ethical, economic, and religious subjects.
tual brilliance — it may often occur that he who A characteristic minor activity of this variously
comes to his reading with a purpose remains to read | gifted man was his effective work as chairman of
for pleasure, while he who reads at first merely to the Greylock State Reservation commission. Pro-
pass the time may find himself suddenly seized with fessor emeritus since 1902, he had leisure and
an interest in some field of study casually suggested strength to continue almost to the end his services
by the book of entertainment before him. Not to literature and to his community. Both the smaller
seldom, too, does he who reads with no professed | world that knew him intimately and the larger one
object but the enjoyment of reading acquire in the that knew him only by his writings will feel his loss.
end more real culture, more uplifting of the spirit | To The Dial the loss is very great. He was a ready
and refining of the taste, than he who starts out with and forcible writer, and his wide range of knowledge,
this praiseworthy end in view.
his broad outlook, his sweet and charitable temper,
Thus, between the purposeful and the purposeless, his high ideals and his moral integrity, together
the readers for pleasure and the readers for profit, with his soundness of judgment and clearness of
the serious and systematic students and the care- mental vision, gave his contributions a quality that
lessly joyous book-tasters, it ultimately comes about made them always welcome and which will now be
in this best of all possible worlds (or best of all sadly missed. His last published article — “ The
actual worlds that we are acquainted with) that Case of Mary Wollstonecraft" - appeared in THE
the enormous yearly product of our printing-presses DIAL of August 1; and at the time of his death he
contrives, for the most part, to get itself read, some was engaged in preparing for its columns a review
how and somewhere. Or even if a part of it gets of Taussig's “ Principles of Economics," a work
no further than the library bookshelves, and not into that powerfully appealed to him, and aroused an
any actual reader's hands, that is still something, interest indicative of a vigor of mind and a hold
since the always possible future reader may at any upon vital principles and problems rarely possessed
moment become actual, and it is for the possible at an age when most men have left them far behind,
as well as for the actual reader that librarians feel if indeed they ever cared for them in the sense in
themselves bound to provide. There is more joy in which this fine patriot and scholar made them the
a library over one applicant for Charles Lutwidge chief concern of his long and unselfish life.


286
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
effectively achieved by carrying it in the hand from
CASUAL COMMENT.
orifice to orifice, rather than by propelling it labori-
THE PERILS AND PROBLEMS OF THE PUBLISHING ously — and often, I understand, erratically — with
BUSINESS are seldom thought of by the average an egregious instrument ridiculously ill-suited to
reader. Indeed, he does not even suspect their the purpose.” On being assured by Boswell that
existence, but assumes that the manufacture of “it is the difficulty of the method that constitutes
books is much like the manufacture of a thousand | its charm,” Johnson replies: “Sir, if I should
other sorts of goods, only — getting his impressions choose to shave myself with an oyster-shell instead
from the fabulous or fabricated reports of “best of a razor, there would be no harm in it; but it
sellers" – a great deal more profitable. The truth would be none the less the height of imbecility.”
of the matter, however, is something very different. This ingeniously-conceived dialogue is followed by
“The Worst Business in the World” is what one the laughable but incredible conversion of the
publisher, Mr. R. S. Yard, calls it, in a recent article. doughty objector through actual experience of the
But this worst business plainly appears in the end game, whose charm even he fails to withstand.
to be, to the born publisher, the best business in the
world. Its compensations, however, are not always INDEX-MAKING AS A FIELD FOR PRISON LABOR
to be expressed in pecuniary terms; indeed, it may is a somewhat startling suggestion, especially when
be said that no one, with such standards alone, can appearing in a publication for and by librarians. In
ever win name and fame as a publisher. It is the substantial and well-prepared Report of the Pro-
encouraging to note that Mr. Yard finds that pres ceedings of the Conference of American Librarians,
ent tendencies in the publishing business are in held last May at Pasadena, Cal., we find the surpris-
the direction of sounder and more conservative ing statement (page 234) that “ Dr. W. F. Poole is
methods. The craze of indiscriminate advertising quoted as saying that indexing is a task that is only
of ten years ago - when“ best-sellers,” regardless of fit for prison convicts.” If Dr. Poole has ever been
quality, were the rage in the publishing world, and quoted as authority for such a saying, let him be quoted
it was fondly imagined that books needed only to no more. Of all men in America, he was precisely
be advertised like soap or breakfast food to be the least likely to utter such a sentiment. A man
come fortune-winners for all concerned — is for who spent many years in the honorable and difficult
tunately giving place to saner views; and a more work of indexing, and whose great Index to Periodi-
discreet exploitation of his wares by judicious and cal Literature perpetuates his name and remains
unsensational methods has become the rule with the | the chief monument of his active and useful life,
discerning and successful publisher. It is not the would hardly speak of the task of index-making in
precarious popular novels that support the publish terms of contemptuous disparagement. The queer
ing houses, but rather the less spectacular and more saying for which he is made responsible is easily
permanent book whose sales will continue long after traceable to something he once wrote for The DIAL,
the sky-rocketing sensation of the day has been for. | in which, in his playfully sarcastic way, he spoke
gotten. There is excitement enough and fascination of the belief of the uninitiated that “anyone can do
enough in conducting a publishing business by sane indexing," the qualifications therefor being supposed
and conservative methods without courting disaster to be about one degree above those of a day laborer,
in trying to achieve the impossible by reckless man and suggested that such work might, in the interest
agement and crazy forms of exploitation.
of economy, be farmed out among contractors for
prison labor. No one knew better than Dr. Poole
DR. JOHNSON ON GOLF, or what he might have that good indexing requires rare qualities of scholar-
said on that favorite pastime of the despised Scot, ship, intelligence, and aptitude; and that a really
may be read in an alleged Boswellian fragment good index is as rare as it is refreshing to those who
accidentally omitted from the “ Tour to the Hebri. know the difference between good and bad.
des.” The perpetrator of the amusing hoax we
suspect to be the fabricator of that still more amus LINCOLNIANA CURIOSA, to the number of twelve
ing forgery, “The Old Librarian's Almanac." | | hundred and thirty-seven items, engaged the atten.
Johnson's elephantine manner is well imitated, but tion of bidders at the auction rooms of Messrs.
the clever writer out-Johnsons Johnson to such a C. F. Libbie & Co. at the end of last month. A
degree as to betray the deception — as may be illus- few titles and prices will indicate the undiminished
trated by a few extracts. “Sir,"exclaims the tourist interest of collectors in every literary memento of
to the Hebrides to his companion, “it is a lament our second-greatest national hero. The rare but not
able reflection that any sentient being, presumably yet very old first edition of “Herodon's Lincoln:
possessing a soul and having some rudiments of The True Story of a Great Life” (Chicago, 1889)
intelligence, should discover a fascination in pro- brought forty-six dollars and fifty cents. A curious
pelling a spherical bundle of feathers with a bent anonymous publication entitled “Lincoln's Assassi-
stick into a succession of terranean orifices. ... For nation Traced Directly to the Doors of Rome" went
assuming that any object whatever is to be gained at twenty-six dollars. Two lines of Lincoln's writ-
by depositing the ball successively in a number of ing in response to a request for his autograph were
such orifices, that object would be most rapidly and considered worth fifteen dollars by the successful


1911.)
287
THE DIAL
•
...
bidder. Even so late and so slight a work as Mr. with such a list of examples as Mr. Smith has drawn
Frederick H. Meserve's privately printed account | up, a few of which may here be profitably cited.
of “The Photographs of Abraham Lincoln,” issued “Running to the door, he opened it quickly.”
early this year at thirty-five dollars, commanded “Running water is pure.” “Running a horse up-
fifty upon this its first appearance in the auction hill is cruel.” “The rapid running of the train
mart; and the Lincoln Day proclamation of Gov- made him dizzy.” “I go a-fishing.” “Pending
ernor Draper of Massachusetts (1905), in printer's your arrival, decision has been delayed.” “The
proof, sent emulous bidders up to fourteen dollars, land of the living.” “There's nothing doing.”
the price paid for the far more valuable manuscript “ The house is building.” “The bread is being
of R. H. Stoddard's poem on Lincoln's death. For baked.” “Forty and six years was this temple in
a facsimile of certain papers from Lincoln's pen, building.” “Owing to his sickness, the visit was
written when he was attorney for the Illinois Cen postponed." The two general classes into which
tral Railroad, ten dollars and a half was paid. -ing forms may be divided are those of verb-adjec-
Evidently Lincoln relics are not yet likely to become tives and verb-nouns, or participles and infinitives
a drug in the market.
(or gerunds). It is to be noted with approval that
the author withholds his sanction from the use,
THE CLEAN PRINTING OF CLEAN LITERATURE,
more common in England than in this country, of
rather than the untidy or disease-spreading manufac-
such constructions as “me seeing” for “my seeing,"
ture of literature of any kind, cannot but be regarded
and “ John shouting” for “John's shouting.” The
as a desideratum by every intelligent reader. The
pamphlet runs to forty-three pages, all packed with
International Typographical Union, an organization
examples and remarks of interest both to the pro-
of about sixty thousand members of the printing
fessional grammarian and to the average person
craft, is making a determined effort to secure hygi who wishes to handle with dexterity and precision
enic conditions in every printing house where its
this marvellous tool of human speech.
members are found. Against tuberculosis especially
are its beneficent energies directed, as is already
THE DEATH OF THE ORIGINAL OF “SHERLOCK
known to many from the excellent work carried on
HOLMES,” on the fourth of October, at his home
by the Union at the Printers' Home which it has
near Edinburgh, reminds the readers of Sir Arthur
established at Colorado Springs. This institution,
Conan Doyle that it is not far from a score of years
dedicated in 1892, now occupies buildings and
since Dr. Joseph Bell, an instructor of the novelist
grounds valued at one million dollars, and about the
in his formative period, unwittingly gave him the
same amount has been spent in its maintenance.
germinal idea whence grew the famous detective
An illustrated booklet issued by the Union describes
stories which made the young writer's reputation.
the Home and its work in such terms as almost to
Dr. Bell was born in 1837, and early showed such
make one wish one were a veteran compositor and
skill in the application of inductive methods to the
thus eligible to admission to the beantiful asylum.
practice of his profession that, long before the crea-
No enterprise of any other trade-union with which we
tion of Sherlock Holmes, he was chosen as assistant
are acquainted compares with this anti-tuberculosis
to Dr. Littlewood, official adviser to the British
crusade in magnitude and beneficence. The official
crown in cases of medical jurisprudence. It was
publication of the Union, " The Typographical Jour-
his application of the same methods in a half-playful
nal," which reaches every one of its members, gives
vein to the affairs of every-day life that caught the
valuable aid to the movement; and requests for infor-
attention and stimulated the imagination of young
mation, addressed to the Indianapolis headquarters
Doyle, although Dr. Bell himself is said to have
of the organization, will receive courteous attention.
deprecated the notoriety thus thrust upon him as
THE PUZZLING PARTICIPLE FORM OF THE EN-
the alleged model of Holmes, and to have maintained
that his use of the observing faculty was no more
GLISH VERB — the form ending in -ing and serving
than could be learned from any good manual of
sometimes as a present participle, sometimes as an
general medical practice. Of course it was also
adjective, sometimes as a gerund or “ infinitive in
possible for the novelist to get from Voltaire's
-ing” as it is also called, and sometimes as a prepo-
“ Zadig," or even from earlier sources, the sugges-
sition -- receives full treatment in the October
“ Bulletin of the University of South Carolina."
tion of his acutely observant detective; but it was
undoubtedly from the later exponent of the “method
Professor Reed Smith, of the English department
of Zadig ” that he derived his inspiration.
of that university, is the author of the treatise,
which he entitles “Participle and Infinitive in -ing."
The etymology of this interesting and variously ILLUSTRATIONS WHICH DO NOT ILLUSTRATE, such
serviceable suffix is briefly traced from the Anglo as too often mar one's enjoyment of a good story
Saxon endings -ung, -ende, and -anne or -enne, down or novel, were made the subject of a rather unusual
through their successive modifications and final but extremely effective protest in an instance cited
unanimous adoption of the form familiar to us. The by the public librarian of Worcester, Mass. “Rot-
variety of uses served by the ending will not have ten pictures and they spoiled the whole story, so I
occurred to most persons before being confronted I took them all out,” was found pencilled in a firm


288
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
hand over the list of illustrations” in the library
COMMUNICATIONS.
copy of a certain popular novel. Examination
showed that all the thirteen plates had indeed been
ORIGIN OF “A PHILADELPHIA LAWYER.”
neatly removed—for the benefit of subsequent read-
ers. The abstraction of book-illustrations from pub-
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
lic library volumes is no new thing, but seldom is it
The reviewer of Mr. Charles Warren's “ History of
the American Bar," in THE DIAL of Sept. 16, says:
undertaken from so altruistic a motive. Fortunately
“It rather amusingly shows that as early as 1710, long
for novel-readers, the graphic delineation of the emo-
before the · Philadelphia lawyer' had become a proverb for
tions of hero and heroine is far less often attempted
| unscrupulous shrewdness, the professional pleader was often
now than formerly; and even some novels that are looked upon askance by his worthy neighbors."
provided with pictures upon their first publication This conveys an entire misconception of the term
in serial form are later relieved of the encumbrance “a Philadelphia lawyer.” The biography of John
when issued as books. The truth is that readers
Dickinson, author of the famous “ Letters of a Penn-
like to imagine for themselves the personal appear-
sylvania Farmer,” by Charles J. Stille, at one time
ance of the characters in a story, and the obtrusion
Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, makes plain
that the high standing of the Philadelphia lawyer of the
of pretended portraits of them often produces dis-
Colonial period was due to the fact that the standards of
illusionment and disappointment, if not disgust.
the Philadelphia bar were established and maintained
by the large number of Philadelphia lawyers who
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF A POPULAR
studied at the London Inns of Court. From that
NOVEL is a matter of curious interest. The pub-
early period until a very recent time, the lawyer in
lishers of “Queed,” a novel which reached an issue Philadelphia was the leader of public opinion in mat-
of fifty thousand almost at a bound, and is climbing ters social and political. As Dr. Stillè pointed out, the
rapidly toward the hundred-thousand mark, have leadership exercised by the minister in New England
put out an interesting statement of “How the first
fell naturally to the lawyer in Philadelphia, and he
50,000 Queed' were distributed among the differ-
held it until the recent enormous extension of industrial
ent cities.” It is to be noted that London took five
fortunes. The term “ Philadelphia lawyer," instead of
being a term of reproach as your reviewer indicates,
thousand copies, Boston six thousand seven hun-
was one that conveyed an appreciation of the leader-
dred, New York not far from twenty thousand, and
ship of the Philadelphia bar expressed even at this late
other places proportionately to their population, day by the query, “Who is the greatest lawyer in New
with some noteworthy exceptions. For example, | York?” and the answer, “ John G. Johnson of Phila-
Toronto disposed of one thousand copies, whereas |delphia."
Isaac R. PENNYPACKER.
Baltimore, of more than twice its size, and next door Philadelphia, October 6, 1911.
to the author's own State, contented itself with
four hundred and thirty. Richmond, where Mr.
DR. JOHN BASCOM - A TRIBUTE.
Harrison lives and where he wrote the book, called
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
for only five hundred and thirty copies - perhaps,
In the person of John Bascom, who died October 2,
however, a greater mark of honor than most pro-
Williams College lost one of its most eminent gradu-
phets receive in their own country. A similar state-
ates and beloved teachers, the University of Wisconsin
ment of geographical distribution is to be made
an ex-president to whom it owes much of its wonderful
when the sales of “Queed” have actually reached growth, and the public a useful citizen and patriot.
a hundred thousand copies.
In his eighty-fifth year, Dr. Bascom kept the heart and
the courage of a youth, and with the youth of three
CENSORIAL FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES, in generations he kept constantly in touch, so that those
respect to the admission or exclusion of current who knew him only as the “grand old doctor" on the
fiction of doubtful morality, have again been made shadowy side of the valley were as much his friends as
a subject for discussion in a convention of libra-
were his college chums in the forties. Professor Bascom
rians — this time at Perth, Scotland, where the
was graduated from Williams in 1849, and from that
British Library Association lately held its annual
time till 1874 he served his alma mater as professor of
rhetoric, accepting in that year the presidency of the
session. The head of the Manchester Public Library
University of Wisconsin. «The guiding spirit of my
is reported as expressing himself in favor of this
time," says Senator LaFollette, "and the man to whom
exercise of censorship, but others maintained that
the University of Wisconsin owes a debt greater than
no single person or institution had any right to it can ever pay, was its president, John Bascom. I never
compile an index expurgatorius for the general saw Ralph Waldo Emerson, but I should say that John
public. One speaker advocated the extreme measure Bascom was a man of much his type, both in appearance
of barring all works of fiction until a considerable and in character. . . . It was his teaching, iterated
lapse of time had determined their status. But what
and reiterated, of the obligation of both the university
should be the length of this probationary period ?
and the students, that may be said to have originated
and by what visible or invisible marks could the
the Wisconsin idea in education. He was forever tell-
ing us what the state was doing for us, and urging our
worthy be then distinguished from the unworthy
return obligation not to use our education wholly for
novels ? As is inevitable in every debate on this
our own selfish benefit, but to return some service to
vexed question, there was much beating of the air the state. That teaching animated and inspired hun-
on the part of the disputants at Perth.
dreds of students who sat under John Bascom.”


1911.]
289
THE DIAL
Not only at Wisconsin, but at Williams, did Dr. women whose physical attractions appeal to his inborn
Bascom's earnest teaching point out to many a man his and dominating sensuality, he presents another phase.
civic duty; for in 1887 he returned to his alma mater, These are women usually of a devotional temperament,
and taught actively till 1903, when he became profes and the credulity of youth leads them to think they can
sor emeritus. In many ways and in many fields his learn the way of righteousness from him. He deliber-
influence was powerful in moulding public opinion, ately plays upon their highest and loftiest emotions; he
notably, in his latter years, by a score of books on vari represents himself as their Guru, or Teacher, the link
ous phases of æsthetics, political economy, philosophy, between them and the beloved Master; by slow grada-
and religion. He held honorary degrees from Williams, tions and diabolical patience he brings them to a point
Amherst, Iowa, and Wisconsin.
where they believe they must sacrifice their virtue in
Notwithstanding his scholarly activities, Dr. Bascom | order to advance further spiritually. Mr. Comfort
was never a recluse. When well past eighty, his figure does not exaggerate when he depicts a man of this type
was a familiar sight as he walked the beloved roads of as presenting to an innocent young girl the idea of be-
the beautiful college town -- in which life was better coming the mother of the coming Christ; he merely
worth the living for him for his interest and energy shows himself conversant with the news of the day.
in the community life. Seldom do the students doff The men of our country should take this matter in
their hats nowadays to professors, but they stood bare- hand. They should refuse to allow a man of this stamp
headed in admiration and veneration as he rode by on to speak in their parlors, and should make it impossible
horseback. Williams, as the mother of many who have for him to rent a room in which he advertises to teach
attained eminence, must place the name of John Bascom (for financial compensation) “the higher truths of the
close beside that of Mark Hopkins.
spiritual life," «the secret of eternal life," or anything
JULIAN PARK. occult, impossible, and invariably fraudulent, as we have
Buffalo, N. Y., October 5, 1911.
endeavored to show. And they should not permit their
wives or daughters to contribute to the support of such
OCCULTISM AND PRACTICAL LIFE.
a character, or to come under his influence in any way.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
The second and more prevalent evil of which Mr.
In a recent book entitled “She Buildeth Her House,”
Comfort speaks is the inharmony existing in the mar-
the author, Mr. Will Levington Comfort, voices a pow-
riage relation which is constantly illustrated in the busy
erful warning against two evils that have arisen in our
divorce courts of our country. And for the reason of
social system, both of which menace our country's wel-
this we must look to the occult or hidden side of man.
fare. Both of these evils hinge somewhat upon the
The development of the Ego -- which is encouraged
word “occultism"; and in order to appreciate them at
more here than in any other country by reason of our
their full value one must first consider the meaning of
democracy -- is the cause of much inharmony in the
the word.
early stages of evolution. Inharmony arising from the
“Occultism,” according to the dictionary, means "the
insistent assertion of one's personality, to the entire ex-
investigation of any mysterious things, especially those
clusion of the rights of others, is almost a certain indi-
that are supernatural.” Another definition states that
cation that a man is not far advanced in the path of
occultism is “the real science of things now unknown
spiritual development. One cannot afford to be arbitrary
to uninitiated humanity.” Hence it is that while the
in a matter of well-nigh national interest, but it seems
majority of mankind are quite unaware of the nature
safe to say that, generally speaking, a divorce usually
of occult knowledge, the fact that such a body of knowl-
separates two unevolved persons. And the careful stat-
edge exists is evidenced by the frequent efforts of
istician may sometime be able to prove that a man of
unprincipled people to foist upon the public certain
genius who stoops to avail himself of the divorce court
valueless information under the guise of occult truths.
as a means of freedom from the marital tie has usually
In every domain of thought the appearance of the
achieved his greatest work before this occurs, and that
false presupposes the existence of the true. One who
all he does thereafter is nothing but an imitation of the
possesses true occult knowledge will not divulge it for
excellent work done before. Decadence, either ethically
the purpose of receiving monetary consideration; in
or intellectually, or both, not infrequently follows upon
other words, when a man is fitted by the stage of his
divorce in the case of one or both parties.
evolution to be entrusted with occult secrets, they are
Observation discloses the fact that children born into
imparted to him “ without money and without price,"
inharmonious homes start life with a terrible handicap.
and he is pledged not to reveal them.
The statistics of reform schools show that seventy-four
Notwithstanding this, it is painfully true that a vain
per cent of the inmates of such institutions come from
and credulous audience awaits any foreign psychical
unhappy and inharmonious homes; and the personal ex-
mountebank who comes to our shores -- driven from
perience of teachers and of the guards and wardens of
his own country, in many instances, by his outrageous
our penal institutions show that about ninety per cent
moral conduct. Women who were once comely, and
1 of the inmates of reform schools later in life serve one
with increasing age have lost that claim to the attention
or more terms in the penitentiary; for reform schools,
of others, flock around a man of this sort, and feed as they are now conducted, do not and cannot reform.
their vanity on his assurance that they are spiritually
A little less anxiety over the “race suicide" question,
far in advance of their neighbors. He filches their
| and more attention to furnishing favorable surroundings
pockets, makes them dissatisfied with their lives, and
for the child during the formative years of his life, will
sustains their assumption of condescending superiority,
manifest definite results in producing children without
which is especially unbearable since it is always in
criminal tendencies as well as children able to control
evidence in those who have least claim to true spiritual
their emotions as they come to years of maturity.
advancement.
CLARA HENDERSON.
Nor is this the greatest of his offenses. To young / Chicago, October 12, 1911.


290
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
The New Books.
only child of their union, Henry, the father of
Francis Brett Hart, or Bret Harte, as he soon
caused himself to be called. The mother of
A GREAT AMERICAN STORY-WRITER.*
the boy destined to add lustre to the family
The nine years since Bret Harte's death have name was left a widow after fifteen years of
produced several more or less hasty or incom-
wandering and troubled life with her rather
plete accounts of his life and work, such as | eccentric husband, a schoolteach
eccentric husband, a schoolteacher of migratory
Mr. T. Edgar Pemberton's highly readable
habits and a man of considerable learning. A
biography of his friend, which appeared the passage from Mr. Merwin's book will convey a
year after his death, and Mr. Henry W. Boyn- notion of the haphazard existence
notion of the haphazard existence to which Bret
ton's fine appreciation of his genius, in the Harte became early accustomed.
“Contemporary Men of Letters” series ; but “A few years before her death Mrs. Hart read the
it has been reserved for Mr. Henry Childs
life of Bronson Alcott, and when she laid down the book
she remarked that the troubles and privations endured
Merwin, whose biographies of Burr and Jeffer-
by the Alcott family bore a striking resemblance to
son attest his ability to perform the task, to those which she and her children had undergone. Some
make a thorough study of Bret Harte's ante want of balance in Henry Hart's character prevented
cedents, early education or lack thereof, juvenile
him, notwithstanding his undoubted talents, his enthu-
escapades, adolescent strivings, various wander-
siasm, and his accomplishments, from ever obtaining
any material success in life, or even a home for his
ings, and final achievement of assured success
| family and himself. But he was a man of warm im-
in his own peculiar department of literature. pulses and deep feelings. When Henry Clay was nomi-
The results of this careful research, set forth nated for the Presidency in 1844, Henry Hart espoused
in a compactly-printed octavo of three hundred
his cause almost with fury. He gave up all other em-
ployment to electioneer in behalf of the Whig candi-
and sixty-two pages, embellished with appropri-
date, and the defeat of his idol was a crushing blow
ate illustrations and provided with a sufficiency from which he never recovered ... and his death a
of explanatory footnotes, form a work of unusual year later, in 1845, may justly be regarded as a really
attractiveness and of permanent value.
noble ending to a troubled and unsuccessful life.”
Even that necessary evil of biography, a' It is to the eldest of the four Harte children,
preliminary genealogical chapter, becomes in Eliza, now Mrs. Knaufft, that the author is
Mr. Merwin's hands a blessing to the reader | indebted for many facts in the history of the
interested in tracing to their sources those traits | family that are new to us and most welcome.
of character that made Bret Harte the fascinat Of the two brothers, Henry and Francis, the
ing and gifted man we know him to have been. | former might have distinguished himself as
On both sides he came of ancestors endowed signally as his younger brother, had he not been
with distinctive qualities. The strain of Hebrew cut off alınost upon the threshold of his promis-
blood, which Lowell never wearied of insisting | ing young manhood. Precocity marked both
was to be found in all great men, came to Bret boys, and Francis, being incapacitated for active
Harte through his paternal grandfather, Bernard sports from his sixth to his tenth year, fell to
Hart (the final e dates back only to the novelist's reading Shakespeare before he was seven, and
father's last year of life), who was born in Lon followed him with Dickens, Fielding, Gold-
don, but came to Canada as a boy of thirteen | smith, Smollett, Cervantes, and Washington
to seek his fortune. He did not lack for kins Irving. An illness of two months in his fifteenth
folk in the new country, the Harts appearing year was beguiled with the study of Greek,
to be both a prolific and an adventurous race. which he learned to read sufficiently to astonish
One of Bernard Hart's cousins, we are informed, his mother. Of this home initiation into literá-
left behind him at his death no fewer than four ture we read further :
teen families of his own propagating, “ all estab-! « If the Hart family resembled the Alcott family in
lished in the world with a good degree of comfort,
the matter of misfortunes and privations, so it did, also,
and with a sufficient degree of respectability.”
in its intellectual atmosphere. Mrs. Hart shared her
husband's passion for literature; and she had a keen
The Bret, or more properly Brett, addition to
critical faculty, to which, the family think, Bret Harte
the Hart stock came in the person of Catharine was much indebted for the perfection of his style.
Brett, a woman of good English extraction, first Henry Hart had accumulated a library surprisingly
wife of the Israelitish Bernard, who lived with
large for a man of his small means, and the whole
her only a year or less, and left to her care the
household was given to the reading not simply of books,
but of the best books, and to talking about them. It
*THE LIFE OF BRET HARTE. With Some Account of the was a household in which the literary second-rate was
California Pioneers. By Henry Childs Merwin. Illustrated. unerringly, and somewhat scornfully, discriminated
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
from the first-rate."


1911.]
291
THE DIAL
The mother's caustic criticism of her younger Harte as a Writer of Fiction” and “Bret
son's first essays in metrical composition was so Harte as a Poet,” “ Bret Harte's Pioneer Dia-
unsparing that the writer afterward wondered lect,” and “Bret Harte's Style.” The narrative
how he had ever dared to continue writing verse and descriptive portions of the book constitute
and even to publish it. It was in 1867 (not in its bulk and give the work its character. And
1865, as he himself says) that the first collec yet Mr. Merwin's appreciation of Bret Harte's
tion of these poems was issued in book form. literary genius is not lacking in warmth or in
“ The Lost Galleon and Other Tales” was the discernment. Let us quote from his remarks
book's title, and Tame and Bacon, of San on the novelist's style.
Francisco, were the printers. A year later “One other characteristic of Bret Harte's style, and
“ The Overland Monthly ” was started by indeed of any style which ranks with the best, is obvi-
Anton Roman, with Bret Harte as its editor.
ous, and that is subtlety. It is the office of a good style
to express in some indefinable manner those nuances
Indeed, the very name of the magazine was of
which mere words, taken by themselves, are not fine
Bret Harte's selection, and the familiar design
enough to convey. Thoughts so subtle as to have almost
on its cover— the grizzly bear bestriding a piece the character of feelings; feelings so well defined as
of railroad track — was partly of his own sugges-
just to escape being thoughts; attractions and repul-
tion. The bear had been cut and printed, but
sions; those obscure movements of the intellect of
which the ordinary man is only half conscious until they
the picture lacked point and meaning until the
are revealed to him by the eye of genius;- all these
young editor drew some criss-cross lines under things it is a part of style to express, or at least to
the animal's feet, which converted the whole imply. Subtlety of style presupposes, of course, subtlety
into a telling symbol of California savagery
of thought, and possibly also subtlety of perception.
Certainly Bret Harte had both of these capacities; and
snarling at the approaching type of nineteenth-
many examples might be cited of his minute and sym-
century civilization, the steam locomotive.
pathetic observation. For instance, although he had no
If genius has ever found its most congenial knowledge of horses, and occasionally betrays his ignor-
environment, surely Bret Harte was rightly ance in this respect, yet he has described the American
placed when he found himself in the California
trotter with an accuracy which any technical person
might envy."
of half a century ago, with all its picturesque
variety of life and its contempt for the conven-
Then follows an admirably illustrative passage
tions. A judge of the Santa Cruz County court
from “ Through the Santa Clara Wheat,"
kept a hotel, and after court had adjourned he
wbere we are told how “the driver leaned for-
might be seen in his shirt-sleeves waiting on his
ward and did something with the reins— Rose
guests at table, serving jurors, attorneys, crim-
never could clearly understand what, though it
inals, and sheriffs, with a truly judicial impar-
seemed to her that he simply lifted them with
tiality. A Yale graduate sold peanuts for a
ostentatious lightness; but the mare suddenly
livelihood on the Plaza at San Francisco, while
seemed to lengthen herself and lose her height,
an erstwhile Yale professor hauled freight with
and the stalks of wheat on either side of the
a yoke of oxen. A doctor of medicine washed
dusty track began to melt into each other, and
dishes in a restaurant, an ex-governor scraped
then slipped like a flash into one long, continu-
the fiddle in a bar-room, a lawyer maintained
ous, shimmering green hedge."
a mush-and-milk stand, another sold pies at a
| It will be long before Bret Harte's life will
river-crossing, a third drove a team of mules,
have to be told again in detail, so thoroughly
and an Oxford senior wrangler filled the humble
has his latest biographer performed the task.
rôle of boatman. Mr. Merwin shows his famil-
We are glad to have so much that has been
iarity with Bret Harte's stories by introducing
obscure or puzzling in that rather erratic life
many quotations and allusions in bis survey of
placed in orderly sequence by this careful pen.
the rude condition of California in the fifties. The precautions adopted by the writer to ensure
Upon Harte's leaving the Pacific coast, in
accuracy, and which are touched upon in his
1871, he proceeded first to Chicago, and thence
preface, inspire confidence in the authenticity
to Boston and New York. His desultory life
of his statements. The date of Bret Harte's
during the seven years before he entered the
birth, which Mr. Pemberton states as 1839,
consular service is disposed of by his biographer
with consequent unaccountable discrepancies, is
in a single short chapter. Then follow chapters
more credibly given by Mr. Merwin as 1836.
on “ Bret Harte at Crefeld,” “ Bret Harte at
For combined trustworthiness and readability
Glasgow," “ Bret Harte in London," and,
bis book must commend itself to all who give
finally, four short chapters of literary criticism, | themselves the pleasure and profit of its perusal.
or rather appreciation, dealing with “ Bret!
PERCY F. BICKNELL.


292
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
ITALIAN PROBLEMS OF WAR AND PEACE.*
with such subjects as “ The Preparation of the
New Capital," “ Education and Art,” “ The
Now that Italy and Turkey are facing each
Mafia and Lynch Law,” “ Literature and the
other in hostile array at Tripoli, and the world's
Press," “ Family Life,” etc. But at the pres-
eyes are concentrated on every move that Italy
ent moment we are more concerned with the
is making to annex the vilayet which has been
discussion of the state of the army and the
the goal of her Mediterranean policy for so many
military spirit. The writer calls attention to
years, everything relating to Italian conditions,
the fact that for the last forty years all Italian
social, political, and military, is of keen interest.
We know little of these matters; nor is it easy
campaigns have ended in disaster, and there has
been a great decline in the military spirit.
to learn more. What Italy has given us in the
“An army is no good if it is not animated by mili-
past, the debt we owe to her and to Greece for
tary spirit. Cannon are useless hunks of bronze if not
the foundations of our culture, are familiar to maneuvred by a valiant and spirited artillery. There
everyone. But the task that she has accom is no necessity to cultivate militarism; but there is, to
plished in the last two score of years in forming
see to it that every good son of Italy should have the
consciousness of belonging to a great nation, and should
one nation and one government from many het-
be determined, at the supreme moment, heroically to
erogeneous if not conflicting elements, how she do his whole duty. ... Italy is fortunate in having a
has invalidated forever the pertinence of Prince well-disciplined army, though perhaps in danger of
Metternich's characterization of the country as being too much disciplined, should that discipline be con-
“a geographical expression,” what is her pres-
strued in a way that would turn it into a menace of
suffocation rather than a revivifying force. The Italian
ent position in the world of European thought
officers are for the most part good fellows — a little
and life, — of these things most of us are more limited sometimes in their ideas, not so much because
or less ignorant. Carducci's phrase “ The Third they do not study, as because they do not know the
Italy” was so happy that it has come into gen world; there is not one in ten who has ever set his foot
eral adoption.
outside his own country, — their financial condition does
The first Italy conquered the
not enable them to do so, - but they are profoundly
whole of the known world; the second was over-
devoted to their flag, and most enthusiastic in the per-
run, subdued, and partitioned by barbarians; formance of their duties. If they were allowed to go
the third is that free Italy with which we are ahead a little themselves, if the Central Government
more or less familiar.
would yield them a little larger sphere of action, and
would give them a little more of what we call 'elbow
A book about this Third Italy, purporting to
room,' it seems to me they would form an element
be written by a Yankee living in Rome, in the which could be counted on with confidence."
form of letters to his friends in America, though Still more pertinent is the chapter on “Col-
published some years ago, is only just now trans- onies and · Irredentismos'”— the latter word
lated into English. There are nineteen of these being applied to certain portions of the national
letters, and they are as outspoken about Italy territory still remaining under foreign domina-
as the somewhat similar “Letters of a Chinese tion, such as Trent and Trieste. At this mo-
Official ” were about England. The American ment it would be idle to attempt to foresee the
reader is not slow in discovering that the outcome of the struggle in North Africa. But it
“Yankee" of these letters is not the real thing, is not premature to ask what Italy will be likely
but an Italian who knows things from the inside to do with Tripoli now that it has fallen into her
and would hardly dare to speak in his own person. | hands. If, with or without compensation to the
Very few of the Italian reviews, however, pen. excluded Turks, Italy shall be left in possession
etrated the disguise; the book passed through there, it will then be incumbent upon the pew
three editions, and a subscription was raised
masters of the province to justify their occu-
whereby each of the 508 deputies in the Italian
pation by making their rule acceptable to the
Parliament was presented with a copy. As the Arabs, and by bringing security, order, and
American translator points out, “ The compari prosperity to the country. Previous attempts
son the writer draws between what has been done by Italy in colonial undertakings have been
in our country in contrast to Italy is so flattering conspicuous failures; is she likely to succeed
that whilst reading it the American eagle in each when she faces the actual problem of extending
one of us involuntarily flaps his wings.”
her influence beyond the coast line ? Concern-
At some other time, perhaps the most en ing this, our author says:
grossing of these letters would be those dealing “Italians have been unfortunate, it is true; but it
* The New Italy. A Discussion of its Present Political
will not do to think that other countries have gotten
and Social Conditions. Translated from La Terza Italia:
their colonies for nothing. ... To make herself mis-
Lettere di un Yankee, of Federico Garlanda, by M. E. Wood. tress of so large a portion of the world, England for
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
more than three hundred years has been at war on land


1911.]
293
THE DLAL
and sea. It was a great shame that immediately after arts, has come into the world for the purifica-
the constitution of the Kingdom no great statesman
tion and enlightenment of men, as have her
should have thought of the future, and the absolute
necessity that Italy should have some outlets in her own
great sisters who preceded her.
possession. There would have been many more of these
The work of Professor Britan on “The
outlets than there now are, and they would have been Philosophy of Music” is qualified to accom-
much more easily acquired. . . . At all events, so long | plish much in this direction. Its title should
as Italy has no vast colony of her own adapted to her
not act as a deterrent to anyone. When Phi-
inhabitants, she is much in the position of a man with an
incurable disease, who loses every day a part of his blood
losophy assumes the simple garb which she here
and his strength. How sad is the perennial exodus of wears, when she speaks in language so direct
thousands upon thousands of poor peasants, who leave and alluring, she has ceased to be harsh and
a land incapable of nourishing them, and go far away crabbed, and may be welcomed as one who has
to an unknown world whose name they can scarcely
pronounce, and where most of them will be given over
a message to bring that is well worth the hear-
to a life of privation and desolation. . . . Italy will
ing. If music needed any apologia pro vita
never suffice to the needs of her already dense and con sua (and the time has certainly arrived when
stantly increasing population. If Italy should entirely such apology is superseded by a discussion of
devote herself to the improvement of her lands, the
its nature, methods, and significance) one will
problem of over-population, which is for any country
one of the most terrible, might be deferred for some
find the difficult work happily done in Professor
years; but it would be bound to rise up later, ever
Britan's book.
graver and more threatening."
In an opening chapter the author explains at
No wonder, then, that Italy, having made some length how music has arisen in all ages and
up her mind to possess herself of Tripoli and climes, showing a universality beyond that of
to forestall the French from further extension almost any other art except poetry; how music
of their colonies in North Africa, has seized on has lent itself to the expression of emotion with
the first opportune occasion to take the decisive remarkable versatility, and has produced its
step. Whether she has fully counted the after | wonders with a power that has held the listener
costs of the enterprise upon which she has adven captive. He then outlines the subject of musi-
tured, or has weighed the possible complications cal form, but without going into its intricacies.
in the inevitable process of adjustment, may One envisages, however, the creative achieve-
be gravely doubted. In the mean time readers | ments of the composer who erects his musical
of this trenchant book on “ The New Italy” will structures with great architectural skill. The
infer that the greatest obstacle to be encountered world of music emerges into view, and we ask
will be the home elements, anti-military and ourselves of what import are these varied and
socialistic, among whom the feeling prevails myriad voices decisively blended and evidently
that the Italian Government has enough to do eager to arouse the dormant will or to soothe
toward the amelioration of industrial and social
and allay where a mood is too insistent and on
conditions in its own immediate boundaries with the verge of dangerous excess.
out undertaking foreign conquests.
The investigation proceeds with the organiza-
ANNA BENNESON MCMAHAN.
tion of the chaotic ocean of sound. The struggle
upward to the disclosure of the scale, and the
differentiation of this latter into its many possi-
THE MESSAGE OF MUSIC.*
bilities, are brought to our view. Then the
The subject of apologetics is just as import-
basic concern of rhythm, with its roots firmly
ant in art as it is in religion. In the case of
established in the historic process of the race,
music it still seems to a certain degree neces-
receives a sufficient analysis. Rhythm has to
sary to make a special plea for its acceptance
do with the original solidarity of mankind, and
among the serious concerns of life. This is no its convincing employment by music at once
doubt partly due to the behavior of musicians
allies the art with that movement which has
themselves. The old conflict between the for-
meant the increasing consciousness of the need
malists and the expressionists still has some-
and value of civilization. Then follows the
thing of its pristine rancor. Notwithstanding
formation of the melody, the rise of the artistic
the achievements of Schumann and Liszt and
form which music is especially to claim as its
Brahms, we are still more or less required to
own. The material which Music and its con-
assure mankind that music, the latest of the
gener Poetry use differs from that of the other
arts. In the latter the material is already ex-
*THE PHILOSOPHY OF Music. By Halbert Hains Britan,
Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy, Bates College. New York:
tant: stone and paint are not far to seek any-
Longmans, Green & Co.
| where; but language and ordered sound are


294
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
products of man's activity. Music and poetry | relations. Literature, therefore, is to be classed with
belong wholly to mankind, and therefore admit
music as an art adapted to carry the mind into emotional
climaxes of great intensity and force. ... But even as
of a fulness, a richness, and an intimacy of
compared with literature, music in one respect stands
expression which place them by themselves. superior; the dynamic similarity of literature to the emo-
Then the combination of tones, the capital tional life is confined chiefly to the thought content, in
achievement of harmony, makes a further step
music it extends even to the elements of its sensuous
in the progress; this advances from its elaborate
expression. ... Music in its symbolism, both in the
thought content and in its sensuous factors employed,
and yet artificial contrapuntal stages through an
conforms closely to the laws of emotional reactions. This
intermediate one of an equal distribution of symbolism therefore makes a direct and a tremendous
voices into its final unification of free melodies appeal to the emotional conscionsness. Thus it is that
in massive and significant effects.
music ranks in power with the most powerful forms of
the literary art, and in some respects surpasses it in
If we then ask ourselves what content or
the directness and immediacy of its appeal.”
meaning has been poured into these efforts,
Professor Britan has made an interesting
which have occupied the serious attention of so
and valuable presentation of his subject; it has
many men of the highest type for such pro-
taken the form of a series of lectures, rather than
tracted periods, we have only to look at the
a systematic and scientific exposition such as
works of the masters for a reply. Palestrina
Professor Combarieu's work on “ Music : Its
has given expression to the mystical revelations
Laws and Evolution,” reviewed in these pages
of the Mediæval Church, and Bach to the
some little time ago. Perhaps, however, such
hopes and aspirations of the Reformation; in
treatment will only add to the strength of its
Beethoven, as in his friend and contemporary
appeal to the general reader, and assure the book
Goethe, the modern consciousness finds all its
the wide circulation which it ought to have. The
restless questionings struggling on to solution;
publishers have given it the fine garb which we
in Wagner the drama leaps into a new life, like I have learned to expect from them.
the Renaissance achievement in the great times
Louis JAMES BLOCK.
of England's Elizabeth. The art is distinctly
the modern art; its accomplishments are those
of our own time. Of all the arts it is the one
THE INTEREST OF INDIA.
now most alive, and attaining its maturity; and
Americans are beginning to do decidedly more
the men on the stage seem to be carrying for-
reading about British India. The incentives range
ward the work of their predecessors.
from the deeper and more definite concern with
But harmony has additional complications; in oriental world-politics that followed our acquisition
the orchestra the instruments have their special of the Philippines, to the picturesqueness of the
peculiarities; the strings differenced among Delhi durbars, the readability of Mr. Kipling at his
then selves are as a whole differenced from the
best, or the number of our missionaries. The only
wind instruments, which also separate into
surprise is that the growth of active interest has
varieties in their own domain; and the percus-
been so slow; for it is inconceivable that anybody
should fail to find something to attract and hold
sion instruments have their tone-color and their
him, if he will ever glance at that incredible penin-
capabilities of rhythmic emphasis, while above
sula. Nor should this dangerously comprehensive
the whole soar the human voices with their y
statement be narrowed by limiting its application
far-reaching distinctiveness. If to these are to students of art, or philosophy, or ethnology, or
added the intricacies of the modern drama, | religion, or history, or government. It is obvious
with its opportunities in the way of scenic pre- / that all these must find a rich and even boundless
sentation, enlisting poetry and painting and field in India ; but for other less exalted mortals the
sculpture and architecture, we have Richard attractiveness is just as compelling. For instance,
Wagner's ideal of a work which is the united a sturdy New Zealand traveller on the Pacific said
to me: “I don't care a straw about architecture or
expression of the arts.
that sort of rot, but the Taj Mahal is in my heart for-
Music has the closest affiliations with litera-
ever.” One unpretentious and thoroughly Ameri-
ture. As Professor Britan says :
“ The exceptional influence which certain forms of
*THE WEST IN THE East. By Price Collier. Illus-
trated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
literature exert upon the human mind --e. g., the novel
Among INDIAN RAJAHS AND Ryots. By Sir Andrew
and the drama — well confirms our point as a positive
Fraser, K.C.S.I. Illustrated. Philadelphia: The J. B.
example of the principles which give music its power.
Lippincott Co.
As Lessing long ago explained, literature is peculiarly JUNGLE BY-Ways in INDIA. By E. P. Stebbing. Illus-
adapted to express ideas in which there is development trated. New York: John Lane Co.
from moment to moment. It conforms to the natural BENARES. By C. Phillips Cape. Illustrated. Boston:
process of thought, and so is adapted to express thought | Richard G. Badger.


1911.)
295
THE DIAL
can woman declared that any railway station in the persistent injection of impertinent observations,
India was better than the best circus in the United and many similar defects; but just at the point of
States. Occasionally, it is true, you meet the crea explosion one is calmed by the thought of the
ture who sees in Benares not the “Oxford and general usefulness of the book and the validity of
Mecca of Hinduism," not the most striking river its more important conclusions. For instance, with
front in the world, with its combination of “temples, reference to the success or failure of British rule
palaces, pinnacles, shrines, towers, and minarets," in India, Mr. Collier believes England is genuinely
but simply the dirtiest and worst-smelling city on the serving the cause of humanity and carrying out a
globe. However, such a person is rare; and if one superhuman task with superb devotion and astonish-
finds no joy in Benares, there remain the villages, ing success. “There is no land, I believe, governed
the plains, the Himalayas, the birds, the beasts, by such self-sacrificing rulers, and ruling over such
Agra, Udaipur, Delhi, and Amber, – a thousand ignorant multitudes." Again, he gives us this spicily
sources of pleasure. Only one visitor have I ever met worded bit: “My own opinion as an observer from
who felt discontent with everything ; but he was an the outside is, that the peoples of India are no more
elderly American millionaire travelling in his private | fit for representative government than are the in-
car, and his own charming wife smiled upon him mates of a menagerie, and that were the British to
with an infinite pity that he could not comprehend. leave India for three months, India would resemble
It has been definitely determined that King | a circus tent in the dark, with the menagerie let
George will hold a coronation durbar at Delhi next | loose inside.” In a similar spirit he reads his fel-
winter; and it will be the only regal function I low countrymen a pointed and pertinent lecture on
should decidedly care to see. Of all the splendid their maudlin sympathy with “ the so-called Indian
and picturesque pageants in the history of the world, patriots” in America.
this may be the most picturesque and splendid. The “But this attempt of the Brahman agitators to oust the
palace of the Moghul emperors in itself seemed to British, or at all events to gain more offices, more authority
me worth a trip around the world, and in the old
and more power for themselves, is an effort to replace
British control by the rule of the Brahman, which repre-
imperial surroundings East and West will meet in
sents the most tyrannical, the most un-American, and the
all the pomp and circumstance of war and peace. most revolting social, religious, and political autocracy the
Here a foreigner from over the “ Black Water” – world has ever seen. How any American, whatever his
the mere crossing whereof involves almost inexpiable
ideals or his sympathies, can lend his influence in support
of a movement to increase the power of the Brahman caste
pollution for the Hindu — will be crowned emperor
in India, politically or otherwise, can only be explained on
of over three hundred and fifteen millions of people. two grounds: he is either maliciously mischievous, or he is
In these millions will be included every stage of ignorant.”
human development, from the most primitive, almost The same high appreciation of British rule is seen
simian, savage to the purest blooded and most sophis- in the chapter on Bunia-Pani, perhaps the best
ticated Aryan. One must not think of India as a section of the book. With the general spirit of Mr.
nation. It is no more a nation than is all Europe Collier's conclusiou, I am in most hearty accord ;
with half of Africa thrown in; for you find just as and it is worth recalling that the two Frenchmen
fundamental differences among its various peoples best qualified to write on India have spoken in a
and tribes as between the Cossack and the Neapoli- tone of approval almost as unqualified.
tan, the cultured Parisian and the Nubian negro. This opinion receives strong confirmation from a
India is a geographical expression, meaning a mil new book diametrically the opposite of Mr. Collier's.
lion and three-quarters of square miles of territory Sir Andrew H. G. Fraser, the author of “ Among
peopled by such divergent inhabitants as I have Indian Rajahs and Ryots," served the Crown for
suggested. Over this continent, with its teeming thirty years, including five years as Lieutenant-
millions, it is the task of Great Britain to rule, and Governor of Bengal. In his octavo volume of
her success or failure is one of the most momentous reminiscences he has made no explicit claims for
questions ever presented to students of government. the success of British rule; his aim is to convey
It is the question which Mr. Price Collier pro some idea to the ordinary British imagination of the
posed to answer in his work entitled “The West in life we live in India, and of the peoples among whom
the East.” His volume is a beautiful example of an that life is spent." But before the reader closes the
exceedingly readable book written by an able man book he will repeat once more, “ It is well that a
who knows he has no particular right to be heard. nation is willing to give such sons to serve an alien
Mr. Collier spent six months in the country under people.” In the author's aim, as quoted above, he
the wing of government officials and maharajahs. | succeeds most admirably; and one is carried from
With a brilliant journalistic instinct, he grasped a chapter to chapter with unflagging interest. We
lot of essentials and proceeded to set them forth with associate with European and Indian officers, as well
a lot of interesting non-essentials and a number / as civilians. We are present at the complicated and
of perfectly obvious blunders. The result is one of bewildering operations of the law courts. We share
the most provoking books a reviewer is called upon the thrilling excitement of grain riots, or the san-
to examine. If one is at all familiar with India, guinary uprising of the Khonds. We watch the
one becomes irritated to a most unphilosophical de peasant in the field, and note the efforts of his rulers
gree by inaccuracies, by ill.grounded judgments, byl to save him from the money-lender. We are intro-


296
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
duced to the latest phases of the educational prob was never so favorable as at present, and feels that
lem and the political unrest. We smile with the “the evangelization of its peoples is assured if the
humors of administration, or are carried off at church in the West and the church in India are
Christmastide to share in the capture of a herd of found alive to their responsibility and faithful to
wild elephants. At every turn we have the delight their duty.” In another passage he pays a high tri-
ful feeling that our author knows whereof he speaks. bute to the Methodist Episcopal Church of America.
The book is more human than Lord Cromer's two | Mr. Collier, on the other hand, is openly skeptical
volumes on Egypt, without being less authoritative. as to the missionary movement. The missionaries,
It can be recommended most cordially.
he says, “have made practically no impression upon
Our third book, "Jungle By-Ways in India," joins India, and the best of them, both European and
the preceding only in the paths of the jungle. I native, admit as much themselves.” I have quoted
regret that my knowledge of hunting in India is these contradictory opinions because they represent
limited to books and to tales of Indian acquaintances ; | exactly what I found when visiting India. For
but Mr. Stebbing's unpretentious volume seems to every three men who told me the missionaries were
me a model. It is the outcome of “ sixteen pleasant accomplishing anything worth while, there were
and interesting years in the Indian Forest Service," other three to enter a flat denial; and how shall an
and has all the freshness of notes and sketches made outsider presume to judge between them? This
“on the spot and at the time.” The “shikari” will much, however, seems to be clear: that the Hindu
acknowledge a debt for the “ tracks" of Indian is by nature better adapted to carry out the turn-
game animals, as well as a lot of other information; the-other-cheek doctrine of Christianity than the
but any lover of wild life and of the open air will occidental nations, who never dream of doing any.
enjoy these three hundred pages on “ Antlers," thing of the kind; and that up to the present the
“Horns,” and “Pelts.” The following passage from converts have been practically limited to the lowest
the preface reflects very accurately the spirit of the castes, or the out-castes. To me it would seem
whole volume :
that, for the average Hindu, a Christian sect comes
“It is an experience common to many true sportsmen, I dangerously near to being nothing except a new
believe, that they soon grow tired of the mere slaughter of caste or a substitute therefor; and it is perfectly
the animals they go out to seek. Gradually the fascination
clear that the higher caste Hindus will always hold
of the jungle lays its hold upon them, and of the jungle-
loving denizens. It becomes a pastime of absorbing interest
aloof as a class. Nor do I believe that any con-
to watch the life of the jungle in its daily round from early siderable headway will be made with the Moham-
morn to dewy eve, and again in the solemn watches of the medans. But I am in danger of giving the impression
night. It becomes an ambition to learn from, and strive to
that Mr. Cape, in his book on Benares, treats only
emulate, the jungle man in his knowledge of all jungle lore,
and to strive to pick up some of his marvelous tracking
of the missionary problem, which would be entirely
powers. Long years of close study, combined with an excep misleading; for he chats about all sorts of topics
tional aptitude for absorbing jungle lore, must be passed suggested by the sacred capital on the Ganges,
through before one can hope to even approach the powers
such as "The Monkey Temple," “ The Holy Man,"
in this respect of the jungle man. But what a store of
glorious memories do such years contain! From such a store
“Caste at Work,” “The Sacred Bull,” or “Benares
I have endeavored to depict the fund of pleasure, interest, Doms.” Furthermore, he gives us a lot of excellent
and knowledge, let alone that breezy spice of danger which illustrations, and includes a number of Indian say-
adds zest to all sport, which await the student of jungle life ings. Throughout the work, however, the point of
in the shimmering East."
view is frankly that of the missionary.
After reading these lines one is prepared for such
In concluding this survey, I should like to return
a paragrapb as this:
to the central question. The greatest problem in
"Oh, the sunsets of the East! Can skill with pen or
India is poverty: not lack of land, but lack of prop-
brush ever portray them in anything like their wonderful
intensity ? Ephemeral they, for as one strives with strained
erty. The next is government. Contrary to gen-
and fixed gaze to take in all their beauty, lo! they change eral belief, there is plenty of land even for the three
and melt, soften and disappear, and leave us with cold greys hundred and fifteen millions shown by the last
or blues or blacks."
census. With irrigation, with improved agriculture,
Nor does one need to be told how Mr. Stebbing en. | and with industrial development, the country may
joyed watching a leopard au naturel, and rejoiced be raised, painfully and slowly, to comparative com-
that his gun had been left behind. I must note, too, | fort and even to comparative affluence - if one
that the author has a relieving sense of humor, seen, emphasizes comparative. But it is safe to say that
for example, in his very brief description of a run | any amelioration will be indefinitely postponed if
away lunch-bearing elephant.
this geographical expression be treated as a nation
The last of the volumes in our present group raises and left to its own control. One must always re-
the knotty problem of the evangelization of India. | member that there are many individuals of the
“If only Benares could be won for Christ, more than highest type among the leading Mohammedans and
Benares would be won.” The author is himself a Hindus ; but one must never forget that these are
missionary, and believes that the cross will triumph easily lost in the countless throng, and that the
despite the modesty of its past achievements. This history of India has been the history of war and
hopefulness is shared by Sir Andrew Fraser, who conquest, of blood and rapine. Much water will
believes that the outlook of Christianity in India | flow between the banks of the hallowed Ganges


1911.]
297
THE DIAL
before India ceases to need some “strong, con problems of Evolution. For their further clarifica-
trolling magnetic force to hold together its innum tion, the principle of “cosmic rhythm” was brought
erable atoms," and to raise them in the scale of forth. With these as working tools, the whole course
being.
FRED B. R. HELLEMS. of Organic Evolution is reviewed and “explained ”
in a stout volume of nearly 500 pages. Since, how-
ever, the “explanation " followe precisely the course
EVOLUTION: AS SPECULATION
of the skeletonized argument presented above, we
AND AS FACT.*
are left no further forward than before. The book
In recent years speculative writings about Or-
forms another shining example of the utter futility
ganic Evolution have been rather heavily discounted
of the attempt to "explain " the relatively little we
in the biological market. New facts about Evolu-
actually know about biology, in terms of the vast lot
tion have been at a premium.
which we do not know.
It has not unreason-
ably been insisted that if one desired a respectful
Willey's “Convergence in Evolution” is a dif-
ferent sort of book.
hearing he must pretty well eschew those imagina-
It is essentially a critical
tive flights which added brilliancy, though not great
digest of a wide range of facts bearing on what
illumination, to much of the early post-Darwinian
really is a somewhat “neglected” factor in Evo-
discussion of the subject. It is remarkable how
lution—namely, convergence. Briefly, the biologist
essentially similar all these speculative discussions
means by “convergence” the phenomenon presented
are, when stripped of all accessory verbiage. Skele-
by two (or more) groups of animals which are not
tonized, the argument always runs about like this:
at all closely related genetically, but which never-
“Given ... etc., it would necessarily follow that”
theless have certain structures or organs that are
... etc. “Or if ... were as we plainly must
similar, not only in form but in function as well.
conceive it to be, it might be that”... etc. “But
The cause of these “convergent" similarities is to
there can be no reasonable doubt that”... “This
be found, broadly speaking, in the action of like
being so we have proved that ... etc. ad lib.
environmental forces upon organisms which, in spite
Q. E. D.” The advance of biology by this method
of their difference of origin, are equally plastic and
of research was so exceedingly slow as to bring the
capable of being moulded under the stress of ex-
method itself into disrepute. “Back to Nature"
ternal circumstances. The facts of convergence
became an absolutely imperative call, and has been
show plainly that there is always a tendency for
productive of solid advances in our knowledge of
living things to meet certain environmental de-
the method of Evolution.
mands in one general way. While cases of con-
These remarks are occasioned by the first book
vergence have long been known, Willey's is the
first extensive analytical study of the matter. It is
on our present list, Bernard's “Neglected Factors
in Evolution,” which is by way of being a rever-
a valuable contribution to biological literature, not
sion to an extinct type. It is, in all essentials, purely
only for the wealth of facts which it brings to-
speculative from cover to cover. The author, who
gether, many of which are new and come from the
before his death was for many years a member of
author's own observations during several years' resi-
the staff of the British Museum (Natural History),
dence in the tropics, but also for the clear-cut way
in which these data are brought together into a well-
spent a good deal of time in studying the microscopic
ordered whole, which forms convincing evidence of
structure of the retina of the eye. He found there
the importance of Convergent Evolution.
certain peculiar forms of protoplasm. Long con-
tinued cogitation over these phenomena so magnified
As the body of knowledge comprised in any one
their seeming importance that finally the “protami.
of the sciences increases, there is created an almost
tomic net-work" came to be for Mr. Bernard the
continuous need for popular treatises which shall
key which was to open all the dark recesses of the
keep the general reader informed both as to the
progress which is being made and also in regard to
*SOME NEGLECTED FACTORS IN EVOLUTION. An Essay how the newly-gained knowledge dovetails into
in Constructive Biology. By Henry M. Bernard. Edited
what has been known. In the case of evolutionary
by Matilda Bernard. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
CONVERGENCE IN EVOLUTION. By Arthur Willey. New
biology, such a need is particularly evident, because
York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
of the important part the evolution idea has come to
TAE DOCTRINE OF EvoluTION. Its Basis and its Scope. have in all fields of contemporary thought. Hence
By Henry Edward Crampton. New York: Columbia Uni-
it is that there is a tolerably steady output of brief
versity Press.
popular summaries of Evolution, each a little
EvoluTION. By Patrick Geddes and J. Arthur Thomson.
New York : Henry Holt & Co.
“ better” than its predecessor, because more accu-
THE MUTATION THEORY. Experiments and Observa-
rately reflecting the immediately existing state of
tions on the Origin of Species in the Vegetable Kingdom expert technical knowledge in the field, and each in
By Hugo De Vries. Translated by Prof. J.B. Farmer and
| turn to be supplanted by a later arrival. Two such
A.D. Darbishire. Volume II., The Origin of Varieties by
treatises are included in our present budget: the book
Mutation. Chicago: Open Court Publishing Co.
MENDELISM. By R. C. Punnett. New York: The
by Mr. Henry E. Crampton, and that by Messrs.
Macmillan Co.
Thomson and Geddes. Both are excellent treatises.
A LECTURE ON MENDELISM. By H. Drinkwater. They are authoritative and clear, and present the
New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
| essentials in a straightforward way calculated to


298
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
catch and hold the reader's interest. Thomson and of Mendelism yet published. This book went
Geddes follow closely the conventional lines for a | through two large editions, and was then taken
work of this sort, presumably on account chiefly of over by another publisher, and the present enlarged
the limitations of space prescribed in the “Home and rewritten third edition has been issued. It is
University Library” series of which their book a model of popular scientific writing, recalling
forms a number. Mr. Crampton devotes consider Huxley at his best. Without going into unneces-
able space to the discussion of the relation of Evo- sary technical detail, it traces the progress of dis-
lution to social and religious problems. Neither of covery in this field from Mendel's work to the pres-
these books is illustrated, a rather serious defect in ent day. The author has himself largely contri-
a popular introduction to Evolution.
buted to this advance in the series of “Reports
Some time ago the first volume of the English to the Evolution Committee of the Royal Society,"
translation of De Vries's " Mutations theorie” was in which the investigations of Bateson and his co-
reviewed in these columns. The second volume has workers at Cambridge have been recorded. Another
now appeared. The work as a whole will always master of popular scientific writing has well charac-
remain a classic of biological literature. Its original terized Punnett's book as “an unsurpassed exposi-
publication marked an epoch in the history of |tion by an expert investigator.”
science. Whether or not all the ideas of De Vries Taken together, the books on Evolution here
stand the test of time, it will still be a fact that his reviewed give a most gratifying impression of the
work served as one of the primary stimuli which vigor and healthfulness of present-day biology. Five
led biologists to take up the experimental study of out of the list record fundamental advances in
evolution. What will be the end of the present human knowledge and in the ability of man to con-
great activity in this field of research, no one can trol the forces of nature. It is not too much to say
foresee; but it is certain that the data already that the phenomena of mutation and Mendelian
accumulated have wonderfully widened and deep inheritance have almost, if not quite, as deep signi.
ened our insight into some of the most fundamental ficance for the science of biology as has the idea of
of biological problems. To De Vries belongs the Evolution itself. But substantially the whole body
credit due a pioneer.
of our present knowledge about these matters has
Closely associated with the mutation theory in | been gained during little more than a decade past.
the history of modern biology is Mendelism. Varia Surely a science which can show a record like this
tion and heredity in general are really but two is neither “moribund” nor“ bankrupt," nor in
different aspects of the same fundamental phenom- | immediate danger of entering upon either of these
enon. Mutation illustrates from the side of varia states. Everyone admits that it is the most difficult
tion the significance of discontinuity in Evolution, of matters justly to appraise the real value of pres-
while the type of inheritance discovered by Gregor ent achievements. Yet he is surely mistaken who
Mendel in his monastery garden emphasizes the assumes that they are on the average greatly inferior
same thing on the heredity side. It has been well to those of the past — that biology has made no great
said that in the last analysis all knowledge must or fundamental advances since Darwin, or physics
be individual. Until the rediscovery of Mendel's since Newton or Clerk-Maxwell. The “golden ages
laws, this is precisely what our knowledge of hered of science" are by no means all gone by. In point
ity had not been. It had been held impossible to of fact, “ good old days" are hardy perennials. We
predict from a knowledge of the parents what the | may be sure that one, two, or three generations hence
individual offspring would be like. We could there will be plenty to say of this good day and age,
make a reasonable prediction of the “average" “Ah, but there really were giants then!”
condition of the progeny, but not more. Mendel's
RAYMOND PEARL.
work showed that in peas, at least, one could with
great precision foretell what the individual offspring
of a particular mating would be like. In the last
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
ten years the range of applicability of Mendelian
principles has been enormously extended among
Under the collective title of “States-
Three old-time
both domesticated and wild animals and plants; Southern men of the Old South” (Macmillan)
and the end is not yet. Naturally, such important
statesmen. Dr. William E. Dodd presents a series
and far-reaching discoveries have called forth many of studies on Thomas Jefferson, John C. Calhoun,
non-technical books for the lay reader. Two of and Jefferson Davis. These studies are the out-
these demand attention here. Drinkwater's reprint growth of a series of lectures delivered at several
of a lecture on Mendelism is a very brief outline of universities. The sub-title of the book — “From
the subject, clearly written but not sufficiently ex- | Radicalism to Conservative Revolt" - furnishes an
tensive to give any adequate idea of what has been | index to the writer's point of view and a key to the
done or of its significance. The booklet contains historical philosophy of the work. The three leaders
excellent portraits of Mendel, Bateson, and Punnett. are fitly chosen as exponents of Southern opinion,
Professor R. C. Punnett, who has recently succeeded one being a great leveller, and the others claiming
Bateson in the chair of biology at Cambridge, is the to be his followers but with a difference. They came
author of what is by far the best popular account of plain Western people, and were not aristocrats


1911.]
299
THE DIAL
born and bred, as some would have us believe all name of this city is Lecce; it lies only twenty-four
Southern leaders were. Professor Dodd suggests miles southeast of Brindisi ; it is of ancient origin,
many new points of view and re-states old known but presents as its primary and distinctive interest
facts in a fresh way. He traces dominant Southern the most representative and picturesque collection of
opinion from the radical national democracy of the baroque buildings to be found in Italy. A book by
late eighteenth and the early nineteenth century Mr. Martin Shaw Briggs, called “In the Heel of
through its slow development to conservative sec- Italy” (Duffield), is the first attempt ever made in
tionalism and secession. He gives us an unusually any language to outline the city's history and to
effective background, historical, political, economic, describe its inhabitants, their interesting province,
social, and religious, which is necessary to a proper and their remarkable achievements in art. Far
understanding of the careers of these leaders; and below the streets of modern Lecce are layers of
in several instances he makes skilful use of formerly | Greek and Roman remains; more than once in the
neglected episodes, such as the personal disagree Dark Ages the city was almost wiped out; in
ment between Jefferson and Patrick Henry, and mediæval times there were the usual incidents of
the social war on Mrs. Eaton. The proper value is warfare and bloodshed, varied by an occasional
assigned to the work of the early Southern leaders plague, up to 1456, when a terrible earthquake cost
in nation-building. The best of the studies is that the lives of most of the citizens and left only one
on Calhoun; the treatment of Nullification and of church standing. This varied history occupies the
Calhoun's later years being particularly good. It first half of the volume; but the individual interest
is perhaps too much to expect minute accuracy in a of Lecce, that which makes it different from other
brief interpretation of Southern history, but there Italian cities and so well worthy of a visit, does not
are some points on which it seems that Professor begin until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,
Dodd might have done better. For example, it is when a brilliant architectural period came into
hardly correct to say that Jefferson was a leader of being. The older remains, interesting as they are,
a nation of “ peasant farmers," for not only has | interfere but little with the general effect of Lecce
there never been anything like a peasant class of as a baroque city, surrounded by mediæval walls
white people in America, but the peasant tempera- and gates. This word “baroque," as a technical
ment could never have long existed in any part of term among architects, conveys a meaning of over-
America, certainly not in the South. It would seem, elaboration, of ornament misapplied, proportion
too, that undue importance is attached to the failure disregarded, and detail used regardless of structural
of Virginia to emancipate her slaves in 1831. A functions. It is an unpopular style, — but for a style
student of Southern history can hardly find warrant of architecture to be unpopular is no hall-mark of
for saying that such emancipation would have pre inferiority. Abolish the baroque at Venice, and we
vented the Civil War, for the social and economic should lose the Church of the Salute ; at Genoa,
organization of the Gulf States was already crystal- | many of the magnificent staircases and courtyards ;
lizing into definite form, which the action of Virginia at Florence, Michelangelo's little chapel of loveli-
would not have affected seriously. The Davis ness; at Rome, half the fountains, terraces, and
family was not “hardshell” Baptist; there is almost | open spaces, most of the palaces and churches; and
as much difference between the “ hardshell ” Bap there would remain a mere museum of broken
tists and the regular Baptists as there is between columns and oddments of buildings, with only an
Methodists and Catholics. Jefferson Davis did not occasional mediæval church or modern shop to vary
make a “clandestine” marriage, nor was he a its monotony. As an almost unaltered example of
brigadier general in the Mexican War. Finally, a baroque city, Lecce occupies a unique position;
the great subject of controversy, slavery, is treated hence this architectural study of it is one of extreme
almost entirely in its political and economic aspects, interest and value. The architect-author's drawings
to the neglect of the social aspect. Of course as an (forty-three in number), his plan of the city and map
economic interest the influence of slavery was great; of the region, the appendices, bibliography, and
but it was slavery as a social problem that drove index, are remarkably scholarly and illuminative of
the people of the South to distraction during the the text. Even those travellers who think they
abolition agitation, and more and more as the Civil | have known Italy from top to toe will now want to
War drew near was the slavery question one of return and explore the heel, with Mr. Briggs's book
social psychology, of race feeling. It was this in hand.
aspect of slavery, not the property aspect, that
welded the Southern people together in resistance
. So many false and sensational re-
Disenchanting
to what they believed to be Northern aggression.
pictures of ports have been circulated concerning
court life. Louisa of Tuscany, formerly the con-
In these days when Europe is over sort of the present King of Saxony, but now living
A baroque city
ity run with tourists, and every inch of
on with tourists
in retirement in Italy as the wife of one Signor
of modern Italy.
it seems to be accessible by a Cook's | Toselli, that it is a satisfaction to the readers of
ticket, it is a surprise as well as pleasure to be intro- these conflicting accounts to have what claims to be
duced to a city comparatively unknown and highly a true narration of her stormy life from the pen of
interesting, situated in the heel of Italy's boot. The l the ex-crown-princess herself. “My Own Story”


300
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
(Putnam) cannot be read by anyone, except per- Republic was probably as true a Christian as ever
haps by the cringing courtiers of some Prince stood on the continent of Europe. Especially clear
Pumpernickel, without inspiring warm sympathy and valuable in Miss Putnam's book are the accounts
for the outrageously abused Louisa and hot indig- of William's four marriages, and of the traits and
nation against her spiteful and bigoted persecutors. temperaments of the women to whom he committed
Born a human being and not a puppet, she refused, his happiness. With equal clearness and admirable
when the strings were pulled, to go through the ex. detail of truth, she has pictured for us the women
pected motions on the little stage of the Dresden rulers of the Netherlands; and here her touch is
court. A father-in-law (the late King George) of masterly. Nevertheless, with all admiration of the
fiendish malignity and diabolical cruelty, aided by writer's work, one suspects she has been over-
a minister of Iago-like cunning and skill in besmirch whelmed by the mass of detail and has hardly solved
ing a woman's fair fame, at last succeeded in driving the seeming puzzle of the character of William. We
the sorely-distracted princess to that step which, in are far from saying that this is not to her credit, for
the construction put upon it by her enemies, made Miss Putnam never goes beyond the authority of
Her return to Dresden impossible, except as the head | “the written word.” She knows, as well as Fruin
of a revolutionary faction which she wisely refused or Blok, that the popular phrase “the Silent” as
to recognize. Such, in brief, is the story she tells applied to William is even less historical than was
of her wrongs, and it bears the imprint of sincerity. “ Mad Anthony,” “Old Hickory," or other absurd
Elaborated with the literary art she possesses with and confusing popular epithets applied to prominent
out ever having studied it, the narrative makes characters in America. The story of what Roman
remarkably interesting reading, and at the same Catholics called “ The Troubles,” and Protestants
time dispels for the nonce the glamour surrounding “ The Glorious Struggle for Freedom," is told with
royal and imperial personages. One is devoutly | scholarly power, and with a regard for illuminating
thankful, on laying down the book, not to have details that remind one of Parkman.
been born in the purple. The translation of the
work, executed “under the supervision of the Stories and Why did Johnson throw that excel-
author” (herself evidently an accomplished lin-
legends of the lent pair of boots out of his window
Oxford colleges. at Pembroke College and continue
guist), is so good as nowhere to seem like a trans-
lation. Nineteen well-chosen illustrations are inter-
the use of his old and shabby footgear? What are
spersed.
the real facts about the Brasenose Hellfire Club?
Was Froude's “Nemesis of Faith " publicly burnt
wziom of Although Miss Ruth Putnam gave us, at Exeter College ? Why are so many Jesus men
Orange, hero some years ago, a work on “ William named Jones? Why do they have boar's head for
and prophet. the Silent," in two volumes, in which, dinner on Christmas day at Queen's? These and
she pictured “the moderate man of the sixteenth many other questions that are likely to pop into
century” chiefly from his own letters and those of the head of an intelligent visitor at Oxford are an-
his enemies, there is room for the new volume from swered by Mr. Francis Gribble, himself sometime
the Putnam press, wholly rewritten as it is, even as scholar of Exeter, in his handy volume, “The
there is yet room for further biographies of a mighty Romance of the Oxford Colleges” (Little, Brown
man whose personality cannot be satisfactorily under- & Co.), which, with its seventeen handsome plates
stood by any one person. This we say, even though from photographs, and its separate chapter for each
the German Felix Rachfahl finished the second vol of the twenty-one colleges of the university, forms
ume and sixteen hundredth page of his work on an excellent supplement to last year's more inclusive
William of Orange in 1906, with the most important work on “Oxford and Cambridge," from various
part of William's life yet to treat. Motley intro pens and strikingly illustrated by Mr. Hanslip
duced this man of the ages to the English-speaking Fletcher. The book-burning incident alluded to
world, but he took the perspective and was compassed above, so strange a ceremony for its time and place,
with the infirmities and limitations of his time. Miss may be related here in a few words. It was the
Putnam, whose scholarly and conscientious qualifica Rev. William Sewell, Froude's colleague at Exeter,
tions are evidenced in her previous works, sets him and accustomed in his lectures to make Aristotle's
forth as her acquaintance with the archivists of the “Ethics” or Virgil's “Georgics” an excuse for
Netherlands has enabled her to do. Yet who can delivering his opinions on matters of more modern
be satisfied for a moment with either this or any and local interest, who took occasion to denounce
other sketch thus far made of William of Orange, Froude's “Nemesis" and to inquire whether anyone
when he seeks to inquire critically as to how far in his audience was the possessor of a copy of the
William, the organizer of the common people, saw book. One such owner revealed himself. “Then
into the twentieth-century world of popular move bring it here, sir!" thundered the lecturer. “ It was
ment? What sincere Catholic or inquiring Protest brought,” says Mr. Gribble, "and Sewell stripped
ant can be satisfied with Miss Putnam's treatment of off the binding, tore the pages across, pitched the
this Catholic-Lutheran-Calvinist as a religious man? | mutilated volume into the flames, and stood over it,
With profound contempt of religion-mongers and thrusting at it with the poker until it was burnt to
manipulating ecclesiastics, the founder of the Dutch | ashes.” Such was the memorable occurrence, on


1911.)
301
THE DIAL
First aids to
the authority of an eye-witness; and many other | The general conclusions of the study favor a consid-
hardly less curious incidents, not always so well erable complexity of mental process, but not quite
authenticated, however, give vivacity to the pages of the complexity that the human mind is apt to read
this practised narrator of interesting things. A few into animal behavior. The point is well illustrated
more pictures (four of the colleges, including Pem- | by the psychology of imitation. The off-hand ob-
broke and Jesus, having none) would not have come server is quite convinced that all the higher animals
amiss; nor would an index to the book's treasures imitate both one another and human patterns, and
have been superfluous.
popular language has made the word “ape” a syn-
onym for this trait. Science seems to discover in
The habit of reading, which Gibbon this assumption either a vague tradition or a jump
“ Old authors
hors declared he would not exchange
to read."
at a conclusion; for cases of genuine imitation are
for the wealth of the Indies," has
at least rare even in so intelligent a creature as the
become so inveterate with Mr. George Hamlin
monkey. The facts of animal behavior, the stimuli
Fitch, endeared to all readers of the San Francisco
to which the animal really responds, and the play
“ Chronicle," as to make him an excellent authority
of thought and motives which really induce the
on such a subject as “Comfort Found in Good Old
response, are difficult to determine. Reasoning
Books” — the title to a collection of literary talks
backward from the bare evidence of observable con-
contributed to the above-named newspaper and now
duct to the process by which the result was accom-
issued in tasteful book form by Paul Elder & Co. of
plished is still more uncertain; and here appear the
San Francisco. The little volume is prefaced with
pitfalls set for hunian reason, lay and expert alike.
a touching account of the sad occurrence that evoked
A perusal of Professor Thorndike's book will in-
it. The sudden death of an only and much-loved
form the reader as to the delicacy of the thought-
son sent the grief-stricken father to his tried and
processes both of the animal mind and the human
trusty old authors for consolation; and being asked
mind in interpreting the procedure of the former.
by friends and correspondents to name these authors
In addition, the work illustrates admirably the
and indicate the peculiar excellences to be found in
methods of comparative psychology equally applica-
each, he has done so. Considerably less space than
ble to man and the higher animals.
Dr. Eliot's five feet of shelving would hold the liter-
ary masterpieces he descants upon, and thus it is well
The various aids to the learning of
within the power of everyone to whom the chapters the student of psychology naturally make slight
are addressed to test for himself the comforting psychology. appeal to the general public, how-
and cheering quality of these good old books. Few ever important to the student and the teacher.
though the books themselves are, the wide range of Textbooks in psychology have not yet reached that
Mr. Fitch's sympathies and tastes, and of his son's settled stage in which traditions are fixed, and re-
also, may be judged from his rather surprising asser. finements of method and elaborations of detail are
tion that “we enjoyed with equal relish Mascagni's alone significant. Fundamental principles, both of
• Cavalleria,' led by the composer himself, or a theory and of presentation, are still in the tentative
championship prize-fight; Margaret Anglin's sombre stage, and as a consequence a considerable variety
but appealing Antigone or a funny stunt' at the of divergent texts are now in use. To these a
Orpheum.” The Bible, naturally enough, comes further contribution is made by Prof. Robert M.
first in his book-list, and Shakespeare next. Of the Yerkes (Holt). Professor Yerkes has made a read-
latter he says, “Our knowledge of Shakespeare is
able and in some ways an original book. Those
terribly meagre," whereas, to our thinking, this teachers of psychology who believe in the emphasis
meagreness of authenticated biographical detail is of analysis and yet accompany this with a large
rather a cause for satisfaction than for terror or range of concrete observations, both experimental
even regret, his works serving as the incomparable and occasional, and who further agree with the
mirror of his mind and heart. Well-selected portraits, perspective of value which Professor Yerkes assigns
facsimile title-pages, and other appropriate illustra to the several main topics, will find his text accept-
tions adorn these well-considered chapters of a true able and helpful. This comment does not dismiss
book-lover.
the work with faint praise, but merely calls attention
to the limited general interest of the book, as well
The experimental study of animal
Studies of
behavior behavior is a new and very vital as its limited availability, unless one is at the outset
in animals.
branch of scientific investigation. committed to this mode of approach to a complex
Its youth and vigor is indicated by the fact that a subject. Doubtless the book will find its way to
series of studies issued a dozen years ago now finds classes and to instructors sympathetic with Professor
a more permanent record in connection with later Yerkes's perspective of the mental life. None the
papers, and that some apology is necessary for the less, a general fault is manifest in the first hundred
less advanced and rigorous methods of the earlier pages, which confuse the student by instructing him
work. Professor Thorndike's investigations on in far too great detail in regard to the intentions of
“ Animal Intelligence" (Macmillan) are well worthy the teacher and the methods to which the student
of reprinting. The volume forms a contribution of will be subjected. In the hands of a judicious
the first importance to the study of the animal mind. | teacher, the book will prove serviceable.


302
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Any characteristic anecdotes or reminiscences of Colonel
NOTES.
Higginson will also be gratefully received. Mrs. Hig-
It is reported that M. Maeterlinck has recently fin ginson should be addressed at 29 Buckingham St.,
ished work on a “historical fairy-play," which will be Cambridge, Mass.
produced in London some time next year.
The publishers of Mr. George Fitch's volume of
Miss Edith Sichel, well known for her biographies humorous college stories, “ At Good Old Siwash,” are
of Lafayette, Catherine de Medici, and others, is the offering $50. in prizes for the best brief opinions of the
author of a life of Montaigne, just announced by Messrs. book. Undergraduates and graduates of all colleges
E. P. Dutton & Co.
are invited to participate. Information regarding the
The books of Mr. George A. Birmingham, an Irish contest may be obtained from Messrs. Little, Brown
writer who has achieved something of a reputation in & Co., Boston.
his own land, are to be published in this country by the
Few books have made their appearance so precisely
George H. Doran Co.
at the “ psychologic moment" as Demetra Vaka's “In
Miss Mary Johnston is at work upon a new novel, to the Shadow of Islam," just published by the Houghton
be entitled “Cease Firing.” This will complete the
Mifflin Co. As readers of her “ Haremlik" know, she
story of the Civil War which she left with the death of
has an unique knowledge of the intimacies of Turkish
Stonewall Jackson in “The Long Roll.”
life, and her new novel is said to throw much light
Mr. Francis Gribble will continue his series on the
upon the present situation in Turkey.
love affairs of famous persons with a volume entitled
The “timely” note in fiction is often struck, and
“ The Romantic Life of Shelley, and its Sequel,” soon
struck effectively, by novelists who strive for immediate
to be published by the Messrs. Putnam
popular success. Such timeliness, whether designed or
It has been announced that “ The Journal of a
accidental, conspicuously marks M. Paul Adam's new
Recluse," which attracted considerable attention upon novel, « La Ville Inconnue," which presents a supposed
its anonymous publication a year or two ago, is the episode in the European conquest of Africa out of
work of Miss Mary Fisher, a St. Louis writer.
which has arisen the present Moroccan difficulty.
“The Eleventh Hour in the Life of Julia Ward
The beginnings of Lapland literature — for literature
Howe" is the title of a book of intimate recollections
in Lapland seems hitherto to have held much the same
of ber mother that Mrs. Maud Howe has prepared for
place as that occupied by snakes in Ireland - are to be
publication this month by Messrs. Little Brown & Co.
hailed in a book said to have been written by a veritable
The only new novel written by Mr. Jeffery Farnol
Laplander, one Johan Olafson Turi, a hunter who cheers
since the publication of “ The Broad Highway,” will be
the solitude of his long and arduous hunting expeditions
published by Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. in 1912, after
in winter by composing poems and sketches descriptive
it has appeared serially in “McClure's Magazine.” It
(we infer) of his hyperborean experiences. One cannot
will be called “The Amateur Gentleman."
but hope that he will find a publisher, if he has not
“Beethoven," by Mr. H. A. Rudell; “ Purcell,” by already done so, for these first-fruits of his pen, since
Dr. W. H., Cummings; “Mozart,” by Dr. F. Gehring; they must be rather out of the ordinary. An English
and “English Church Composers," by Mr. W. A. translation is awaited with interest.
Barrett, are new editions of works published by the “A Concordance to the Poems of Wordsworth,"
Messrs. Scribner in their “Great Musicians " series.
soon to be issued in this country by Messrs. E. P. Dut-
A« Centennial Edition" of Forster's Life of Dickens, ton & Co., will be the second volume published under
issued in celebration of the hundredth anniversary of
the auspices of the American Concordance Society. It
Dickens's birth, is announced for publication this month represents several years of devoted industry on the part
by the Baker & Taylor Co. Five hundred illustrations of Professor Lane Cooper, of Cornell University. The
of persons and places connected with Dickens will form magnitude of the work and the amount of labor entailed
a special feature.
by it may be realized when it is known that it requires
“The Dutch Republic and the American Revolution” a quarto volume of 1136 double-columned pages to
is a John Hopkins monograph by Dr. Friedrich Edler, embody the results. The Concordance is based on Mr.
which traces an influence “mostly clandestine, or indi Hutchinson's “Oxford ” edition of Wordsworth, but
rect,” but “nevertheless remarkably effective” upon also includes variations, anomalous passages, and poems
the course of affairs in the American colonies during from private or divergent sources such as “ The Letters
the War of Independence.
of the Wordsworth Family," and the Newell-Smith and
Henri Bergson's study of “ Laughter" is to be pub the “ Eversley" editions of Wordsworth.
lished soon by the Macmillan Co. The sub-title of the The October number of “The Yale Review” begins
book, “ An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic,” gives a new series and initiates a new career for that publi-
a good idea of its character. The English translation cation. Under the management of a trust association
was made with the author's permission by Messrs.
of Yale graduates, the Review will hereafter be pub-
Cloudesley Brereton and Fred Rothwell.
lished as a general quarterly modelled on the admirable
Still another anthology of verse for children is under | publications of that class in England. Such a publica-
way for early publication. The compiler in this instance tion, contemporary in its interests, authoritative in its
is Miss Jeanette Gilder, and her book (to be published presentations, and devoted to serious criticism of life
by the Sturgis & Walton Co.) will be entitled “ 'The and letters, will be almost alone in the field in this
Heart of Youth.” Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett country, and there is every reason to hope that it will
contributes an introduction to the volume.
succeed. The first number of this new series argues at
Mrs. Thomas Wentworth Higginson is preparing a least that it deserves success. A study of war from the
memoir of her late husband, and asks the loan of letters vigorous and trenchant pen of the late Professor
written by him to friends and acquaintances. These Sumner, articles on Thackeray and Fogazzaro, a study of
letters will be promptly and carefully returned, intact. l present dramatic conditions and tendencies by Profes-


1911.]
303
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 234 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY
The Life of Bret Harte. With Some Account of the
California Pioneers. By Henry Childs Merwin. Illus-
trated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 362 pages. Hough-
ton Mimin Co. $3. net.
Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar: A Memoir. By Moorfield
Storey and Edward W. Emerson. With portrait,
12mo, 355 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
As I Remember: Recollections of American Society
During the Nineteenth Century. By Marion Gouver-
neur. Illustrated, 8vo, 415 pages. D. Appleton &
Co. $2. net.
J. L. M. Curry: A Biography. By Edwin Anderson
Alderman and Armistead Churchill Gordon. With
portrait, 12mo, 488 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.net.
Napoleon and his Coronation. By Frédéric Masson;
translated by Frederick Cobb. Illustrated, 8vo, 350
pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3.50 net.
My Own Story. By Luisa, ex-Crown Princess of Sax-
ony; translated under the supervision of the author.
Illustrated, 8o, 367 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$3.50 net.
Reminiscences of the War of the Rebellion. By Colonel
Elbridge J. Copp. Illustrated, 8vo, 536 pages.
Nashua, N. H.: Telegraph Publishing Co.
The Life of Robert Louis Stevenson. By Graham Bal-
four. Abridged edition; 18mo, 364 pages. (Uniform
with the "Biographical Edition" of Stevenson's
Works.) Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.
sor William Lyon Phelps, two poems of decided merit,
and an admirable book review department, are the
prominent features of the number.
Huth books for the British Museum have been selected
from the Huth collection, in accordance with the terms
of the will, and embrace a goodly number of the rarest
treasures in early printed works, which would probably
bring as much as a quarter of a million dollars if offered
for sale with the rest of the famous library. Among
the items chosen by the Museum authorities are to be
noted such rarities as Caxton's “ Dictes and Sayings of
the Philosophers" (1477), « The Tragicall Historye of
Romeus and Juliet, written first in Italian by Bandell,
and nowe in English by Ar. Br.” (1562), Daye's
“ Daphnis and Chloe" (1587), and the exceedingly
rare Shakespearean quarto, “Richard the Second," in
its first and anonymous edition of 1597. Only one
other copy of this last is known to exist, in the Capell
collection at Trinity College, Cambridge. The mere
list (it is of some length of these treasures now
acquired by the British Museum is enough to drive a
bibliophile frantic with desire.
A number of contributions, scientific and inspirational,
to the study of Jesus are announced for early publica-
tion by the American Unitarian Association. In the
“ Theological Translation Library” there will appear
“Christ: The Beginning of Dogma," an historical dis-
cussion of the rise of what was the first dogma in the
primitive church, by Dr. Johannes Weiss; « The His-
torical Jesus and the Theological Christ," a popular
account of modern New Testament criticism and its
findings, by Professor J. Estlin Carpenter; “The Public
Ministry of Jesus," a short account taken from the
Four Gospels, by Mr. Horace Davis; and a new and
enlarged edition of Dr. Joseph Crooker's “Supremacy
of Jesus." The Association will also publish « The
Heredity of Richard Roe," a short discussion of
Eugenics, by President David Starr Jordan; “The
Onward Cry,” by Rev. Stopford Brooke; “A Minister
of God," by Dr. John Hamilton Thom; and “Thoughts
for Daily Living,” a compilation from the writings of
Dr. Robert Collyer, edited by Miss Imogen Clark.
Among the important books soon to be published by
the Columbia University Press are “Social Evolution
and Political Theory," by Professor L. T. Hobhouse
of the University of London; “Scientific Features of
Modern Medicine," by Professor Frederic S. Lee of
Columbia; and “Medieval Story," a study of the begin-
nings of social ideals as seen in the early stories current
among the English-speaking people, by Professor
William W. Lawrence. Forthcoming volumes in the
« Columbia University Studies in English ” are: “The
Soliloquies of Shakespeare," by Dr. Morris Le Roy
Arnold; “Mathew Carey, Editor, Author, and Pub-
lisher," by Dr. Earl L. Bradsher; “ The Exemplum in
the Early Religious and Didactic Literature of England,"
by Dr. Joseph A. Mosher; The Middle English Peni-
tential Lyric,” by Dr. Frank A. Patterson; “ New Poems
of King James I. of England,” by Dr. Allan F. West-
cott; and “ A Study of Thomas Dekker," by Dr. Mary
Leland Hunt. In the “Columbia University Studies in
Romance Philology” will appear “The Symbolism of
Voltaire's Novels,” by Dr. William R. Price, and “ Ata
Participal Substantives in Romance Languages," by Dr.
L. Herbert Alexander; and in the “Studies of Com-
parative Literature," a volume dealing with “Greek
Romances in Elizabethan Prose Fiction,” by Mr. Samuel
Lee Wolff.
HISTORY
The Relations of the United States and Spain: The
Spanish-American War. By Rear-Admiral French
Ensor Chadwick. In 2 volumes, with maps, 8vo
Charles Scribner's Sons. $7. net.
Pioneer Irish of Onondago, about 1776-1847. By Therese
Bannan, M. D. 8vo, 333 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $2.20 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE
Letters of Sarah Orne Jewett. Edited by Anne Fields.
With portraits, 12mo, 259 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1.50 net.
Old Lamps for New. By E. V. Lucas. With frontis-
piece, 16mo, 258 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The American Dramatist. By Montrose J. Moses. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 350 pages, Little, Brown & o. $2.50 net.
The Tudor Drama: A History of the English National
Drama to the Retirement of Shakespeare. By C. F.
Tucker Brooke. Illustrated, 12mo, 474 pages. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. $.50 net.
Letters from Parkman to Squier. Edited, with bio-
graphical notes and bibliography, by Don C. Seitz.
Limited edition; 8vo, 58 pages. The Torch Press.
$1.50 net.
The Belmont Book. By Vados; with introduction by
Arnold Bennett. 12mo, 286 pages. E. P. Dutton &
Co. $1.25 net.
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, and A Song of
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Francis Griffin Stokes. 12mo, 79 pages. E. P. Dut-
ton & Co. $1.25 net.
Love and Letters. By Frederic Rowland Marvin. 8vo,
252 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1.50 net.
in Cambridge Backs: Being the Vacation Thoughts
of a Sohoolmistress. By Mary Taylor Blauvelt. 8vo,
186 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1.20 net.
The Friendship of Books. Edited, with introduction,
by Temple Scott. Illustrated, 16mo, 246 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
POETRY AND DRAMA
Thais: A Play in Four Acts. By Paul Wilstach. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 150 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1. net.
The Overture, and Other Poems. By Jefferson Butler
Fletcher. 12mo, 203 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Inn of Dreams. By Olive Custance. 18mo, 74
pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.


304
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New Poems. By Stephen Coleridge, 12mo, 39 pages.
The Torch Press. 75 cts. net.
Universities of the World. By Charles F. Thwing.
Illustrated, 8vo, 284 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.25 net.
Shadows of Old Paris. By G. Duval; illustrated by J.
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The Log of the Easy Way. By John L. Mathews.
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FICTION
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in the Shadow of Islam. By Demetra Vaka. Illus-
trated, Svo, 315 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.25 net.
"Son." By Ethel Train. 16mo, 290 pages. Charles
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The Believing Years. By Edmond L. Pearson. 12mo,
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Captain Warren's Wards. By Joseph C. Lincoln. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 380 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.30 net.
The Man in the Brown Derby. By Wells Hastings.
Hlustrated, 12mo, · 346 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
$1.25 net.
| Fasten a Bracelet. By David Potter. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, 273 pages. J. B. Lippincott
Co. $1.25 net.
The Man Who Could Not Lose, and Other Stories. By
Richard Harding Davis. Illustrated, 12mo, 254 pages.
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The Incorrigible Dukane. By George C. Shedd. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 259 pages. Small, Maynard & Co.
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Love in a Little Town. By J. E. Buckrose. With
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nam's Sons. $1.35 net.
The Marriage Portion. By H. A. Mitchell Keays. 12mo,
424 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.35 net.
The Loser Pays. A Story of the French Revolution.
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nard & Co. $1.25 net.
The Knight Errant. By Robert Alexander Wason. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 398 pages. Small, Maynard & Co.
$1.25 net.
The Lifted Latch. By George Vane. 12mo, 376 pages.
John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
The Dempsey Diamonds. By Allen Arnot. 12mo, 328
pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Stellar's Roomers. By Stella Carr. 8vo, 283 pages.
Brandu's. $1.25 net.
The Mating of Anthea. By Arabella Kenealy. 12mo,
352 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
The Harlequin Set. By Dion Clayton Calthorp. 18mo,
255 pages. John Lane Co. $1. net.
Across the Latitudes. By John Fleming Wilson. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 376 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.25 net.
The Red Swan's Neck: A Tale of the North Carolina
Mountains. By David Reed Miller, 8vo, 328 pages.
Sherman, French & Co. $1.35 net.
The Flame. By Louise E. Taber. 12mo, 313 pages.
Alice Harriman Co.$1.35 net.
The Mystery of the Ravenspurs. By Fred W. White.
Illustrated, 12mo, 319 pages. J. S. Ogilvie Co.
$1.25 net.
Jinks' Inside. By Harriet M. Hobson. Illustrated,
16mo, 248 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. $1. net.
Taken from the Enemy. By Henry Newbolt. New edi-
tion, with illustrations by Gerald Leake, 12mo, 170
pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25 net.
Where the Shamrock Grows: The Fortunes and Mis-
fortunes of an Irish Family. By George H. Jessop.
12mo, 213 pages. Baker & Taylor Co. $1. net.
01.00.
SCIENCE
Some Chemical Problems of Today. By Robert Ken-
nedy Duncan. Illustrated, 8vo, 253 pages. Harper
& Brothers. $2. net.
The Mind of Primitive Man. By Franz Boas. 12mo,
304 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Alpine Plants of Europe: Together with Cultural Hints.
By Harold Stuart Thompson. Ilustrated in color,
8vo, 281 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3. net,
RELIGION
The Religion of Joy. By Ethel Blackwell Robinson.
12mo, 122 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
The Beauty of Self Control. By J. R. Miller, D. D.
12mo, 290 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1. net.
Does Prayer Avall? By William A. Kinsley. 8vo, 157
pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
The Church Universal: A Restatement of Christianity
In Terms of Modern Thought. By J. J. Lanier.
12mo, 264 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Modern Man's Religion. By Charles Reynolds
Brown. 12mo, 166 pages. Teachers' college: Co-
lumbia University. $1.
Why We May Belleve in Life After Death. By Charles
Edward Jefferson. 12mo, 174 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1. net.
Christian Thought to the Reformation. By Herbert
B. Workman. 12mo, 256 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. 75 cts. net.
Commentary on the Book of Job. By George A. Bar.
ton, Ph. D. 12mo, 321 pages. “The Bible for Home
and School." Macmillan Co. 90 cts. net.
What of the church. By J. S. Wallace. 16mo, 123
pages. Griffith & Rowland Press. 50 cts. net.
The Gospel for Both Worlds: Ten Sermons. By Ed-
ward Eells. 12mo, 133 pages. Sherman, French &
Co. 60 cts. net.
Chundra Lela: The Story of a Hindu Devotee and
Christian Missionary. By Z. F. Griffin. Illustrated,
12mo, 84 pages. Griffith & Rowland Press. 50 cts.
net.
TRAVEL
Spain, By Albert F. Calvert. In 2 volumes, with over
1,700 illustrations, including 46 in color, 4to. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $15net.
Eighteen Capitals of China. By William Edgar Geil.
Illustrated, 8vo, 429 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $5.
net.


1911.)
305
THE DIAL
0
The Stunted Saplings. By John Carleton Sherman.
12mo, 50 pages. Sherman, French & Co. 60 cts. net.
Learning to Love. By J. R. Miller. Illustrated, 12mo,
37 pages. T. Y. Crowell Co. 50 cts. net.
From the Heights. By John Wesley Carter. With
frontispiece, 18mo, 41 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
50 cts. net.
Some Outdoor Prayers. By George A. Miller. 16mo,
30 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 35 cts. net.
Man; King of Mind, Body and Circumstance. By
James Allen, 16mo, 55 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co.
50 cts. net.
The Book of Courage. By W. T. Dawson. 12mo, 246
pages. Fleming H. Revell Co.
The New Evangel; A Revised and Enlarged Edition of
“The Way, the Truth, and the Life." By John
Hamlin Dewey. 8vo, 446 pages. J. H. Dewey
Publishing Co. $2.
Love Life of Jesus and Mary of Bethany, and Poems.
By Francis Warren Jacobs. 12mo, 243 pages. Okla-
homa Bank and Office Supply Co. $2.50 net.
Ecce Deus: Die Urchristliche des Reingöttlichen. By
William Benjamin Smith. 8vo, 315 pages. Jena:
Verlegt bei Eugen Diedrichs.
Truths that Abide. By W. W. Dawley, D. D. 12mo,
108 pages. Griffiths & Rowland Press. 50 cts. net.
Rules for Right Living, from the Teachings of Jesus
the Christ. 16mo, 50 pages. Sherman, French &
Co. 50 cts.
REFERENCE
Webster's New Standard American Dictionary. Edited
by E. T. Roe. Encyclopedic edition; illustrated,
large 8vo, 1,248 pages. Laird & Lee. $3. net.
Parliamentary Lessons, based on "Reed's Rules." By
Urquhart Lee, 24mo, 112 pages. Rand McNally & Co.
Social Customs. By Florence Howe Hall. New edi-
tion; 8vo, 441 pages. Dana Estes & Co. $1.50 net.
A Flower Anthology: A Selection from the Flower
Poems of the English Poets. By Alfred Rawlings.
Illustrated in color, 12mo, 163 pages. Dana Estes &
Co. $1.25 net.
A Christmas Carol. By Charles Dickens. Illustrated
in color by Ethel F. Everett, 168 pages. T. Y.
Crowell & Co. $1.50 net.
Dramatis Personae and Dramatic Romances and
Lyrics By Robert Browning. Illustrated in color
by E. F. Brickdale. 18mo, 237 pages. Houghton,
Miffin Co. $1.25 net.
Charades. By an Idle Man. 16mo. Little, Brown &
Co. $1. net.
Broken Words: A Fifth Century of Charades. By
William Bellamy. 16mo, 200 pages. Houghton Mif-
flin Co. $1. net.
A Calendar for Saints and Sinners: 1912. Printed in
two colors. Forbes & Co. $1.
Gotterdammerung. By Richard Wagner: retold in
English verse by Oltver Huckel. Illustrated, 12mo,
100 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 75 cts.
The Lyrics of Eliza. By D. K. Stevens; illustrated
by K. M. Browne. 16mo, 64 pages. Century Co.
60 cts. net.
The Sad Shepherd. By Henry Van Dyke. With frontig-
piece, 12mo, 37 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. 75
cts. net.
The Fourth Physician: A Christmas Story. By Mont-
gomery B. Pickett. Illustrated in color, 12mo,
144 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1. net,
Comrades. By Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. Illustrated,
16mo, 49 pages. Harper Brothers. 50 cts. net.
The Twelfth Christmas: The Christ Child's Revela-
tion. By Marjorie Benton Cooke. 16mo. Forbes &
Co. 50 cts.
HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS
A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers. By
Henry D. Thoreau; illustrated from photographs by
Clifton Johnson. 8vo, 492 pages. T. Y. Crowell
& Co. $2. net.
The Song of Hiawatha. By Henry W. Longfellow; illus-
trated by Frederic Remington, Maxfield Parrish,
and N. C. Wyeth. 8vo, 242 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $2.50 net.
Annals of the Parish. By John Galt; illustrated in
color by H. W. Kerr, R. S. A. 8vo, 293 pages. A.
C. McClurg & Co. $1.75 net.
ran of the Bens, the Glens and the Brave. By
Mackenzie Macbride; illustrated in color by J. Law-
ton Wingate. 8vo, 131 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
$1.75 net.
English Country Life. By Walter Raymond; illustrated
in color by Wilfrid Ball. 8vo, 451 pages. A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co. $1.75 net.
In Memorlam. By Lord Tennyson; with introductions
by Stopford A. Brooke and Elizabeth Luther Cary;
illustrated by Frederick S. Coburn. 12mo, 219 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
The Princess: A Medley. By Lord Tennyson; illus-
trated by Frederick S. Coburn. 12mo, 151 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
Ben King's Southland Melodies. Illustrated by Essie
Collins Matthews and Leigh Richmond Miner. 8vo,
128 pages. Forbes & Co. $1.50 net.
The Burlington Library, comprising: Dickens' A Tale
of Two Cities; Lamb's, Essays of Elia; Mrs. Gas-
kell's Cranford; Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wake-
field: Kempis's The Imitation of Christ. Each illus-
trated in color, 12mo. Little, Brown & Co. Per
volume, $1.25.
Songs of Innocence. By William Blake; with preface
by Thomas Seccombe; illustrated by Honor C. Ap-
pleton. 8vo, 49 pages. Dana Estes & Co. $1.50 net.
The Scholar Gypsy and Thyrsis. By Matthew Arnold;
illustrated in color by W. Russell Flint. 12mo, 57
pages. Dana Estes & Co. $1.25 net.
The Pageant of the Fourth. By Stewart Dick; illus-
trated in color by Scottish artists. 8vo, 258 pages.
A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.75 net.
The Rubric Birthday Book. 16mo. Duffield & Co.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG
The Old Testament Story. Told to the Young. By
Gladys Davidson, Illustrated, 8vo, 330 pages. Dana
Estes & Co. $2. net.
Handicraft for Boys. By A. Neely Hall. Illustrated,
8vo, 437 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $2.
net.
The New Book of Animals By Horace G. Grosser. Il-
lustrated in color, etc., large 4to, 326 pages. Dana
Estes & Co. $2.50 net.
The New Book of Birds. By Horace G. Grosser.
Illustrated in color, etc., large 4to, 309 pages.
Dana Estes & Co. $2.50 net.
A Book of Nimble Beasts. By Douglas English. Il-
lustrated in color, etc., 318 pages. Dana Estes &
Co. $2. net
The Witch's Kitchen; or, The India Rubber Doctor.
By Gerald Young; illustrated in color, etc., by Willy
Pogany. 4to, 225 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $2.
net.
The Land We Live in: The Boy's Book of Conserva-
tion, By Overton W. Price; with foreword by Gif-
ford Pinchot. Illustrated, 8vo, 242 pages. Small,
Maynard & Co. $1.50 net.
The Katy-Did Series. By Susan Coolidge. Compris-
ing: What Katy Did, What Katy Did Next, and
What Katy Did at School. Each. illustrated. 12mo.
What Katy Did at Sch
Little, Brown & Co. Per volume, $1.50.
Harold, First of the Vikings. By Captain Charles
Young: Illustrated by Gertrude Demain Hammond.
8vo, 244 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50 net.
The Cruise of the “Kingfisher": A Tale of Deep Sea
Adventure. By H. De Vere Stacpoole. Illustrated,
12mo, 308 pages. Duffeld & Co. $1.50.
Fairmount Girls in School and Camp. By Etta An-
thony Baker. Illustrated, 12mo, 371 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.50.
Great Bear Island. By Arthur E. McFarlane. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 291 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
The Champion of the Regiment: A Story of the Siege
of Yorktown. By Everett T. Tomlinson. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 377 pages. Houghton Miffin Co. $1.50.
Bob Knight's Diary on a Farm, with Sketches by Bob.
By Charlotte Curtis Smith. Illustrated, 8vo, 305
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50.
With the Flag in Panama By Hugh C. Weir. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 322 pages. W. A. Wilde Co. $1.50.


306
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Ensign Ralph Osborne. By Commander E. C. Beach. The Stroke Oar. By Ralph D. Paine. Illustrated, 12mo,
Illustrated, 338 pages. W. A. Wilde Co. $1.50.
245 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Six Girls and Betty. By Marion Ames Taggart. Illus Four Gordons. By Edna A. Brown. Hustrated, large
trated, 8vo, 320 pages. W. A. Wilde Co. $1.50.
12mo, 376 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50.
Madge at Camp Welles. By Edith A. Sawyer. Illus Scouting for Light Horse Harry. By John Preston
trated, 8vo, 327 pages. W. A. Wilde Co. $1.50.
True. Illustrated, 12mo, 334 pages. Little, Brown
The One Footed Fairy, and Other Stories. By Alice & Co. $1.50.
Brown. Illustrated, 8vo, 182 pages. Houghton | Jackson and his Henley Friends. By Frank E. Chan-
Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
non. Illustrated, 12mo, 299 pages. Little, Brown &
The Dawn of British History. By Alice Corkran. Il-
Co. $1.50.
lustrated, 12mo, 248 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. Billy: His Summer Awakening. By Charles Keen
$1.25.
Taylor. Ilustrated, 12mo, 283 pages. Little, Brown
The Birth of England. By Estelle Ross. Illustrated, & Co. $1.50.
12mo, 255 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.25.
Freshman Dorn, Pitcher. By Leslie W. Quirk. Illus-
From Conquest to Charter. By Estelle Ross. Illus trated, 12mo, 313 pages. Century Co. $1.50.
trated, 12mo, 288 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.25. Bartley, Freshman Pitcher. By William Heyliger.
The Story of the Crusaders. By S. M. Wilmot-Buxton. Illustrated, 12mo, 235 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
Illustrated, 8vo, 286 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.25 net.
$1.50.
Larry Burke, Sophomore. By Frank I. Odell. Il-
The Story of the Roman People: An Elementary His lustrated, 12mo, 379 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard
tory of Rome. By Eva March Tappan. Illustrated. Co. $1.25.
8vo, 251 pages. Houghton Miffin Co. $1.50.
Within the Silver Moon. By Madge A. Bingham. Il-
A Chevalier of Old France: The Song of Roland. lustrated, 12mo, 249 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.25.
translated and adapted from old French texts. By When Margaret Was a Freshman. By Elizabeth Hol-
John Harrington Cox, Illustrated, 12mo, 181 pages.
lister Hunt. Illustrated, 12mo, 268 pages. Moffat,
Little, Brown & Co. $1.25.
Yard & Co. $1.25 net.
Team Mates. By Ralph Henry Barbour. Illustrated, The Night Riders of Cave Knob. By Quincy Scott.
12mo, 381 pages. Century Co. $1.50.
Illustrated, 12mo, 293 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
For Yardley: A Story of Track and Field. By Ralph $1.25.
Henry Barbour. Illustrated, 12mo, 297 pages. D. Carey of St. Ursulas. By Jane Brewster Reid. Illus-
Appleton & Co. $1.50.
trated, 12mo, 267 pages. Baker & Taylor Co. $1.25
The Scouts of the Valley: A Story of Wyoming and net.
the Chemung. By Joseph A. Altscheler. Illustrated,
Helen Grant's Harvest Year. By Amanda M. Douglas.
12mo, 363 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Illustrated, 12mo, 412 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shep-
Dorothy the Motor Girl. By Katherine Carleton. Il ard Co. $1.25.
lustrated, 12mo, 386 pages. Century Co. $1.50. The Likable Chap: A Story of Prep. School Life.
Young Crusoes of the Sky. By F. Lovell Coombs. Henry McHog Davenport. Illustrated, 12mo,
Illustrated, 12mo, 380 pages. Century Co. $1.50.
pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.20 net.
The Oak Street Boys' Club. By Warren L. Eldred. Boy Scouts in the Maine Woods. By James Otis. n-
Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shep-
lustrated, 12mo, 283 pages. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.25.
ard Co. $1.50.
Firebrands. By Frank E. Martin and George M. Davis.
Old Ryerson. By Walter Camp. Illustrated, 12mo, Illustrated, 12mo, 231 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
289 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
$1.25.
The High Deeds of Finn, and Other Bardic Romances On the Cinder Path; or, Archie Hartley's First Year
of Ancient Ireland. By T. W. Rolleston; with intro-
at Dorchester. By Arthur Duffey. Illustrated, 12mo,
duction by Stopford A. Brooke; Illustrated in color 366 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25.
by Stephen Reid. Svo, 214 pages. T. Y. Crowell &
The Forest Castaways. By Frederick Orin Bartlett.
Co. $1.50 net.
Illustrated, 12mo, 392 pages. Century Co. $1.50.
Historic Inventions. By Rupert S. Holland. Illus The Indian Book By William John Hopkins. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 295 pages. G. W. Jacobs & Co. $1.50
trated, 12mo, 329 pages. Houghton, Millin Co. $1.25
net.
net,
Stories of Useful Inventions. By S. E. Forman. Illus Winning the Junior Cup; or, The Honor of Stub Bar-
trated, 12mo, 248 pages. Century Co. $1. net.
rows. By Norman Brainerd. Illustrated, 12mo, 358
The Boys' Story of Zebulon M. Pike. Edited by pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25.
Mary Gay Humphreys. Illustrated, 8vo, 377 pages. Chased Across the Pampas; or, American Boys in Ar-
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
gentina and Homeward Bound. By Edward Strate-
Stories of the Scottish Border. By Mr. and Mrs. meyer. Illustrated, 12mo, 329 pages. Lothrop, Lee
William Platt. Illustrated, 8vo, 256 pages. T. Y. & Shepard Co. $1.25.
Crowell & Co. $1.50.
The Pecks in Camp. By Albertus T. Dudley. Ilus-
A Life of Grant, for Boys and Girls. By Warren Lee trated, 12mo, 335 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard
Goss. Illustrated, 8vo, 325 pages. T. Y. Crowell Co. $1.25.
& Co. $1.50.
The Last Lap. By Alden Arthur Knipe. Illustrated,
Circle K; or, Fighting for the Flock. By Edwin L. 12mo, 341 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
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PAGE
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
RELIGION IN EDUCATION.
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, and Merico; Foreign and Canadian
postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or
One does not look to judicial pronouncements
by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. for “good reading " in the literary sense. The
Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current
number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub-
decisions of the courts are usually couched in
scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription
technical language, and employ a traditional
is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com
munications should be addressed to
jargon which, whatever the force of its logic, is
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
not characterized by that power to charm which
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at we naturally demand of any writing that is to
Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
claim our attention as literature. But if we are
No. 609. NOVEMBER 1, 1911. Vol. LI.
willing to dispense with charm upon occasion,
and be content with force and cogency, we may
sometimes derive a considerable degree of satis-
CONTENTS.
faction from the final statement of judicial
RELIGION IN EDUCATION ......... 325 authority upon a controverted question, par-
THACKERAY AND DICKENS-A CONTRAST ticularly if that question concerns some matter
AND COMPARISON. Charles Leonard Moore . 327 of deep and vital interest. The place of religion
CASUAL COMMENT ............ 328 in public education undoubtedly offers a ques-
The Americo-Cockney Simplified Spelling Confer-
tion of this sort, and those who take it to heart
ence. - Greek letters as a fountain of youth. - Mr.
Arnold Bennett's confession. - Library trustees and will do well to examine the recent decision of
commission government. The handicap of an illus the Supreme Court of Illinois which puts an
trious name. - The librarian's busy day.
end to religious exercises in the public schools
COMMUNICATIONS ............ 330
Dr. Poole and Convict Indexes. W. I. Fletcher.
of the commonwealth. This decision is a docu-
Social Aspects of the Slavery Question. David Y.
ment of much weight and lucidity, and supports
Thomas.
the position taken by the court with an argu-
•Statesmen of the Old South.” William E. Dodd.
ment which is essentially unanswerable. The
The Shakespeare Bibliography. A. G. Newcomer.
Authority for a Disputed Idiom. William A. Brewer.
pleas which have been urged against it, whether
A STURDY PRACTICAL REFORMER.... 332
by the dissenting justices or by the zealots of
THE AMERICAN NEWSPAPER DRAMA, James
the pulpit, are either shuffling evasions of the
W. Tupper .. .. .. . .. .. ... 334 point at issue or appeals to the decisions made
GOETHE'S FRIENDSHIPS WITH WOMEN. James by weaker or more compromising benches in
Taft Hatfield . ........... 336 other States.
A TRUE DAUGHTER OF NEW ENGLAND.
In the petition upon which this decision was
Annie Russell Marble . . . . . . . . . . 337
made, the relators, being members of the Roman
SIX DECADES OF TRADE UNIONISM IN AMER-
ICA. M. B. Hammond ......... 339
Catholic Church, averred that their children
RECORDS OF AN OLD VILLAGE PARISH.
were forced by law to attend the public schools,
Arthur Howard Noll .......... 341
and that while thus in attendance they were
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ......... 342 daily obliged to participate in exercises which
The making of the individual.- Light comments on included the reading of an unacceptable version
things of the day. – Bennett the audacious. — The
of the Scriptures, the reciting in concert of a
real life and character of Talleyrand. – Merry En-
gland in the Middle Ages.- Margaret Fuller as a prayer not sanctioned by their church, and the
follower of Goethe.-Travellers' tales 300 years ago. singing of hymns repugnant to their faith.
-The Young Turks, and problems of the near East.
– Vacation days in lower Normandy.- A houseboat
Furthermore, these children, while engaged in
honeymoon.- Essays for those who can read and run. these exercises, were required to assume a devo-
- China's "grand old woman.” — Indian names of tional attitude in expression of their acquies-
places on Long Island.--The smallest of the republics
of South America. – Horace's letters modernized
cence. It was claimed that these several com-
and paraphrased.
pulsions, taken collectively, amounted to a viola-
BRIEFER MENTION . .......... 347 tion of their constitutional right of religious
NOTES ................. 348 freedom. The fundamental law of Illinois
TOPICS IN NOVEMBER PERIODICALS. ... 349 guarantees “the free exercise and enjoyment
LIST OF NEW BOOKS ........... 350 of religious freedom and worship, without dis-


326
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
crimination,” and the Court delivered its judg. Bible as one of the most important elements of
ment in the following language:
any education, both because the Authorized
“The exercises mentioned in the petition constitute Version is incomparably the greatest prose treas-
worship. They are the ordinary forms of worship usually | ure of English literature, and because it is a
practised by Protestant Christian denominations. Their
key to the understanding of what is best in the
compulsory performance would be a violation of the
constitutional guaranty of the free exercise and enjoy-
English literature of three subsequent centuries.
ment of religious profession and worship. One does not
Whatever is possible to be done to further an ac-
enjoy the free exercise of religious worship who is com quaintance with this great Book has our heartiest
pelled to join in any form of religious worship. . . . If approval and support, provided only that it be
the petitioners' children are required to join in the acts
not done at the cost of coercion of minorities in
of worship, as alleged in the petition, against their con-
sent and against the wisbes of their parents, they are
a matter with which majorities, however large,
deprived of the freedom of religious worship guaranteed are not rightfully concerned. “ It is precisely
to them by the Constitution. . . . The free enjoyment of for the protection of the minority that constitu-
religious worship includes the freedom not to worship.” tional limitations exist,” says our decision; and
This is the gist of the argument, which is, of no greater danger at present confronts our civ-
course, supported by an elaborate array of cited ilization that is found in the weakening hold of
cases and historical facts. It places the State of this vital truth upon men's minds. The alarm
Illinois upon firm ground, and definitely elimin sounded by Herbert Spencer, a generation ago,
ates religion from our politics. All the pulling and by Mill long before that has been justified
and hauling, all the “playing for position” that | many times during the years that have since
must accompany attempts to make the civil gov elapsed. It would be simply impossible, with-
ernment the sponsor for religious observances, out maintaining an open sore in the body politic,
are made impossible by this simple declaration to permit the Bible to be used in the public
that religion is a matter of strictly private con- schools, because most of those who as instructors
cern. It should be welcome to every serious were using it would, some unconsciously, but
person, not actuated by a sectarian motive, and more of sly and set purpose, make it the vehicle
having the real interests of religion at heart. of teachings that could not fail to irritate their
We say all this because history clearly shows hearers and create dissensions among them. In
that a complete severance of Church from State | fact, those who are loudest in demanding that
is the only solution of the problem that can the Bible be forced upon unwilling listeners
have the stamp of finality. The century-long | would be the first to protest if it were treated
struggle of France over the Concordat, the half- strictly as a work of literary and ethical excel-
century-long struggle of Italy over the temporal lence, with no suggestion of a sanctity setting it
claims of the papacy, and the miserable squab- apart from Shakespeare and Milton and Shelley.
bling over religious teaching at the public charge This is by no means their game, and their under-
which still does so much to debase the political lying purpose is one that the State has no right
life of England, are examples that should be to countenance.
found sufficiently instructive were it not for the If we are to have a religious element in our
proverbial fact that there are none so blind as public education, it must be conceived upon
those who will not see. To sweep all religious lines that have no relation to any scriptures,
controversies out of politics for good, should be however sacred to some, or to any form of theo-
the declared object of those who really believe | logical doctrine. What is both permissible and
that the principle of religious freedom is one of desirable is outlined by President Eliot, in
the foundation-stones of our government. It a recent terse and closely-reasoned magazine
was an American commonwealth that as early article. It is a religion that is “a frame of
as 1649 enacted the first written law of tolera mind, or a state of feeling, possible to men and
tion in the English-speaking world, and it should women of any church or any sect.” It is a re-
be one of the noblest purposes of the American ligion without supernatural implications, based
nation to carry out to its logical conclusion the solely upon the everlasting ideals of goodness,
movement thus inaugurated two and a half cen beauty, and truth. It is a religion that will
turies ago.
be imparted unconsciously by every lesson in
It is not without regret that we acquiesce in history, literature, or science. It is a religion
this principle when its religious application in. that will be intimately bound up with the dis-
volves, as in the case of the Illinois decision, the cipline and social life of the school, and that
exclusion of the Bible from the public schools. will be known by its fruits of gentleness, and
We regard a familiar acquaintance with the helpfulness, and consideration of the rights of


1911.]
327
THE DIAL
others, and acquiescence in the paramount moralizing. Scene, costume, personal appearance,
the general cood over the individual l must be largely supposed.
desire. This may not be what the narrow-minded
This is the difference between epic and dramatic
call religion, but it is the precious precipitate of
art. Either may result in vital and visualized crea-
all the turbid solutions of all the creeds.
tions. But in the case of the dramatis persone of
the two authors in question, it seems indubitable
that those of Dickens are more vividly realized than
those of his rival. Certainly they have made more
THACKERAY AND DICKENS — A CON.
impression on the world. The two Wellers, Dick
Swiveller and the Marchioness, Sairy Gamp, Peck-
TRAST AND COMPARISON.
sniff, Micawber, and a score of others, belong in the
A complete assay of any great author, a quantita- roll of the world's great comic creations, where it
tive and qualitative analysis, is an elaborate process; would be futile to say that any of Thackeray's
and the materials and implements used ought to be people can be found. Is this because they are more
free from imperfections. A subjective alloy falsifies original and eccentric? It cannot be because they
the result, though it may be interesting as a revela are truer to actual life. Thackeray's reasoned-out
tion of the critic himself. The public at large jumps characters are much nearer to the fact in humanity.
at its conclusion, generally by the way of compar. They change, grow, develop, and seldom exceed
ison. This man differs from this other in such or probability. Dickens's beings are out of all bounds;
such a way. When writers come in pairs, the task they are like nothing that ever was before; they are
of taste is simplified. Goethe's remark that the struck out at one blow, and never alter throughout
German public ought to be glad that it had two such the course of their imagined existences. Yet the
fine fellows as Schiller and himself without setting world accepts them as types, and accuses nature of
them up against each other, is just enough, but the copying from Dickens. I suppose all the great
instinct of the world to balance them is inevitable. figures of fiction are made in this way. They are
And so with Shakespeare and Milton, Keats and symbols. They are cast by the fused powers of
Shelley, Dickens and Thackeray. For a brief deter- creative imagination. Thackeray, with his colder
minationof qualities, — criticism at a glimpse, intellectual processes and his more careful copying
there is no better method than such comparison. If of truth, never achieves anything like their validity
there were any absolute standard, all talents could and vitality. The very way— half wistful, half skep-
be referred to that; but as there is no literary yard- tical — that Thackeray plays with his characters,
measure deposited in any Government office, it is treating them as puppets to be explained, criticized,
an interesting process to get two men who repre laughed at, betrays a lack of faith which is fatal to
sent contrasted and complementary qualities in art great creation. Shakespeare, for instance, never
and coax them to reveal each other's merits and has any doubts about his beroes or his monsters or
defects.
his lovely girls. Thackeray, having pulled both his
It seems to me that there is one great and over. thistles and his roses to pieces, can hardly complain
whelming distinction between the art of Thackeray if the world refuses to reassemble them.
and that of Dickens. The art of the former is almost It is almost a commonplace of criticism that Thack-
purely intellectual; that of the latter is physically eray is a great master of style, and that Dickens
based — is preëminently sensuous. Sensuousness is rather a secondary performer on the organ of
is the poet's gift. It takes account of the sights, language. If the test of style be an easy and even
sounds, scents of nature; of the forms, faces, ges- flow, the university and clubman's air, matter full
tures, all the visible charactery of humanity, and it of allusiveness yet free from pedantry, then Thack-
relates all these things together, arriving not only at eray's is a standard. One page is as good as another;
objective presentation but at almost the same kind sentence follows sentence in flawless sequence. In
of tone as the related values of great pictures can comparison, Dickens is mannered, extravagant,
achieve. Thackeray is of course not utterly without strained. Yet the vivida vis is his. His are those
this gift, few writers are. But with Dickens, light collocations of words so apt, so pat to the occasion
and darkness, the aspects of nature, the look of town or character, that they are caught up by the public
or village streets, the personalities of old inns and and become by-words. I cannot recall a single phrase
houses, the physical characteristics of his people, of Thackeray's which has passed into general use;
are the very warp of his work. He really painted us but there are scores of sayings by Dickens which are
an England of his own. Far too often, indeed, in proverbial. In descriptive work there is no equality
dealing with men and women, he is obsessed by his between the two. The sensuous quality of Dickens's
corporeal imagination, and his creations almost dis mind, already noted, gives his language a pictur-
appear behind their physical signature. Carker's esqueness, a distinctness of form and color, which
teeth, Quilp's deformity, the dwarfishness of the Thackeray cannot pretend to rival. Hundreds of
Dolls' Dressmaker, are too much in evidence. his scenes are impressed upon our minds to one
Thackeray's method is that of high comedy — pure that we can recall of Thackeray's. When manner-
dialogue with only the accessory of his own choric / ism and extravagance are urged against him, we can


328
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
only point out the fact that they are faults of nearly
all great English stylists — of Shakespeare, Milton,
CASUAL COMMENT.
Burke. Energy and enthusiasm are far more the | THE AMERICO-COCKNEY SIMPLIFIED SPELLING
essence of great style than good taste, propriety, | CONFERENCE, as an esteemed English contemporary
and restraint. The first-named qualities are gifts (“ The Saturday Review,” to be explicit) calls it,
of the genial soul; the last, of the sober judgment. has assembled, done its feeble worst, and dispersed.
Fecundity of thought and feeling and imagination is In England, the home of the more resolutely con-
the necessary basis of good style; order and propriety servative spellers, are also and not unnaturally to
come afterward. Thackeray's style is only the best be found the extreme radicals, who would outdo our
second-rate ; that of Dickens has much of the stamp friends of No. 1 Madison Avenue in transmogrifying
of the masters. It was so overwhelmingly successful the written form of our common language. But the
from the first, it was so copied and imitated and storm of disapproval of all such pseudo-philological
adulterated, that readers in time grew tired of it, antics rages even more violently there than here.
and turned for relief to Thackeray's pellucid but In the opinion of the above-mentioned journal, “to
comparatively tame method of writing. This last simplify' the English language in the way certain
is certainly taking, but it is neither rich in manner faddy professors and professional cranks desire would
nor full in matter. Whether in the easy chit-chat be a crime of sickening magnitude. The theft of a
of his essays, or in the somewhat platitudinous mor- thousand La Giocondas would be nothing to it. ...
alizing of his novels, what he has to say does not We consider these silly and mischievous people to
seem to be either new or important. He harps too be quite as dangerous as political anarchists, and
much on one string. After the conclusions of would suggest the suppression of their meetings by
Ecclesiastes have been reiterated a thousand times, a police-raid.” That, however, would be giving the
we seem to grow familiar with them. When a writer aid and comfort of martyrdom to their cause. The
tells us so often that everything is sawdust, we begin latest leaflet issued by the American Simplified
to suspect that the style in which he says this is saw- Spelling Board announces the election of seven new
dust also. Arnold would not allow that Addison was members to its number, and exults in the fact that
a first-rate prose classic, because, however admirable they are all educators and thus destined to promote
his manner, his matter was not important enough. the new spelling in our schools. “It needs no great
But Addison in a score of places is more important acumen,” the leaflet confidently asserts, “to see that
and profound than Thackeray ever is. I do not their teaching as well as their example will soon
say that Dickens ever reaches any great heights of inform a host of pupils who will never know the
meaning, but he has the art of notable and remem old way except as receding phases of antiquity, or
berable expression in prose.
as lingering ruins, and who in turn will transmit
It is always difficult, in a literary parallel like the modern ideas to their successors. If any one
this, to avoid using one of the pair as a whipping imagines that this change will produce revolution
boy for the other. Assuredly, in dealing with life, and disaster, let him arise before day, and, seeking
Thackeray has his points of superiority. If Dickens the upland lawn, observe how gently the sunlight
is the more universal, Thackeray is the more highly comes in the place of the receding darkness.” The
specialized: he knows more and sympathizes better degree of gentleness with which this cacographical
with the educated strata of mankind than Dickens. dawn is spreading over England may be inferred
His intelligent reasoning creations are far more real. from such cries of indignation as that raised by the
They are in his line, whether good or evil. Warring English periodical quoted above.
ton and Pendennis are successes where Nickleby and
Pip are not; and if Becky Sharp and Deuceace are
GREEK LETTERS AS A FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH could
not any more powerfully conceived than Bill Sykes
offer no more convincing testimonial than the still
and the Artful Dodger, they at least show an intellec-
fresh and buoyant aspect and bearing of that veteran
tual rather than an emotional trend in their creator.
student and teacher of Hellenic literature, Profes-
On the whole, I should say that Dickens is a great
sor Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, who attained his
genius and Thackeray only a great talent. I should
eightieth birthday October 23. Born in Charleston,
rank the former as fourth or fifth in the list of
South Carolina, where his father was editor of a
supreme English creative artists which includes
religious paper, the son almost became a journalist
Shakespeare, Milton, Chaucer, and Scott, —
himself. Just after his three years of post-graduate
Thackeray taking his place in the ranks of the
study in Germany, and before he accepted the chair
novelists and satirists. Dickens's world is a homely
of Greek at the University of Virginia, he was
world; it has not the largeness, the grandeur, or the
offered the editorship of a Democratic newspaper in
beauty of those regions where rule the great poets
Springfield, Mass. He had done reporter's work
and romance writers whom I have named. Yet if
and had written for various publications, including
a homely world, it is often a happy one; which is
his father's religious periodical. He even wrote a
more than can be said of Thackeray's domain.
novel once — he was but twenty-three at the time,
“Pickwick” at least is a perennial fountain of joy for
and will be readily pardoned by his fellow savants,
all the world.
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. I especially as the novel was never published — and


1911.]
329
THE DIAL
he is the author of some excellent verse ; but it is als any city of more than seven thousand inhabitants,
professor of Greek at Johns Hopkins ever since that the council “shall possess and exercise all executive,
university's foundation in 1876, and as author of legislative, and judicial powers and duties now had
the too little known " Essays and Studies ” (Balti and exercised by the board of public works, park
more, 1890), that he will be best remembered. The commissioners, water works trustees, and board of
scholarship and penetration and Attic wit of those | library trustees, in all cities wherever such boards
admirable writings entitle him to a lasting place in | now exist or may be hereafter created.” This might
literature. His volunteer service as Confederate be interpreted as an abolition of all the boards and
soldier in the vacations of his early teaching at the commissions named; which would of course be ab-
University of Virginia, and his ardent Southernism surd. But as provision is elsewhere made for the
(attested by his “Creed of the Old South” in the appointment of such official bodies, it can only mean
“ Atlantic" for January, 1892) will fade from that the general powers conferred upon the council
memory sooner than his fine qualities as scholar and are to be exercised vicariously. Even this interpre-
teacher and writer. Significant are his reported tation of the law, however, seems to leave room for
utterances on modern education. “The great trouble some tangles and puzzles and conflicts of authority.
with the new scheme of education," he is said to In the mere matter of the number of library trustees
have declared, “is that it attempts to educate with to be appointed, doubt has already arisen. The city
out effort. They don't want the student to be hurt. council is empowered to elect, at its first meeting,
That, perhaps, accounts for the decline in popularity various specified officers and three library trustees,”
of the classics. But I believe that the study of which Des Moines understands as limiting these
Greek and Latin will increase.”
officials to three, whereas Keokuk makes the board
still to consist, as before, of nine members (this first
MR. ARNOLD BENNETT'S CONFESSION, in his appointment of three being but a filling of vacancies
autobiographical “ Truth about an Author,” that occurring under the old law biennially), and Cedar
after he had become a successful writer he “did | Rapids, after halting between two opinions, has
not read much except in the way of business," returned to the old number — that of the muses, in
illustrates a phase of literary experience that is, we preference to that of the graces. Perhaps in practice
suspect, commoner than might be thought. “Two there will be no serious jars or conflicts under the
hours reading even of Turgenev or Balzac,” he new law in Iowa, but certainly there is a wide-open
confesses, “ wearied me out." He quotes a fellow- | door for all sorts of legal difficulties and disputes.
author's arrogant assertion : “I know enough. I
don't read books, I write 'em.” “Omnivorous
THE HANDICAP OF AN ILLUSTRIOUS NAME, which
readers," says, with some truth, a current news-
renders difficult the quiet and unimpeded working-
paper paragraph that catches our eye, "are seldom
out of one's own salvation and accomplishment of
producers of literature. They will write a dozen
one's peculiar destiny, is what many a descendant
lines of an article, then lay it aside to consult some
of famous ancestors has had to contend against.
book, they become lost in it, and the time for
At the present time who can regard with unmixed
writing is spent.” The late Lord Acton was an
envy that scion of the Harvard family who is seek-
illustration of this disastrous (or beneficial) habit.
ing an education in the college bearing his own
Readers of Carlyle's letters know how he com-
historic name? The endurance of unsolicited and
plained of tedium when he had no book on the
indiscriminate public attention is a high price to
stocks, since reading bore no comparison to writing
pay for the honor of being descended from a kins-
as a pastime. But he also, it will be recalled,
man of John Harvard. At Yale a great-grandson
complained even more dolefully of weariness and
of the author of the “Leatherstocking " series of
disgust whenever he had conceived a literary idea
romances has caused eyes of curiosity and expecta-
and gestation was well begun, while his parturient
tion to be turned upon him, and an announcement
spasms were something terrifying. Dickens and
in the current “Yale Literary Magazine” (which,
Thackeray read little in their later and busier years.
by the way, must be the oldest extant literary
Reading and writing ought to, and not seldom do,
periodical in the country, having been founded by
go hand in hand; but if one or the other must be
William M. Evarts in 1837) that a poem by Mr.
renounced, what person of wisdom and modesty
James Fenimore Cooper, Jr., will appear in the next
would consent to shut out the great world of other
issue, naturally makes one interested in observing
men's minds in order to imprison himself within that
whether the young man is likely to distinguish him-
of his own?
self in letters. For names of great men all remind
LIBRARY TRUSTEES AND COMMISSION GOVERN- us of the possibility that their descendants also may
MENT have yet to adjust their mutual relationship. make their lives sublime, and, departing, leave be-
In Iowa, under the commission form of city govern hind them footprints either on the history of their
ment, it remains perplexingly uncertain what powers time as men of action, or on its literature as men
of library administration are vested in the trustees, of thought and imagination. Of course even the
and what in the municipal authorities. By the leg- burden of an illustrious patronymic may not prove
islative act granting the new form of government to | fatal to all freedom of initiative, and the young poet


330
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
of the “Yale Literary Magazine " is still, as much it was “slavery as a social problem that drove the South
as the least distinguished of his fellows, master of to distraction during the abolition agitation.” After
his fate.
the war began, I am inclined to think that to a large
extent it was “this aspect of slavery, not the property
THE LIBRARIAN'S BUSY DAY, in modern library aspect, that welded the Southern people together in
practice, is coming more and more to be every work resistance to what they considered Northern aggression."
ing day in the year. A little girl friend of ours, Senators Toombs and Brown had said that it would deter-
fond of books, was recently heard to express the mine the attitude of the poor whites, and the privileged
wish that she were a librarian, so that she might classes made a clever use of it.
have nothing to do all day but sit in an arm-chair,
Just a word on the economic aspect of slavery as an
amidst the pretty books, and read. Here is a list
excitant. For several weeks past, the discharge of cer-
tain civic duties has brought me into close contact with
of some of the things that the librarian and assist-
ants of the Newark (N. J.) Public Library have to
an old Confederate veteran. He is very talkative, and
frequently refers to his experiences in the war. One
do, and are glad to do, copied from Mr. Dana's
day I asked him, “For what did you go to war?” His
latest Report: “ The library Staff is interested in reply was, “ Because the —— Yankees were coming
the library's progress and welfare and works cheer down here and stealing all our property." I was a little
fully and efficiently to promote the same. It does surprised at this answer, but supposed that it had refer-
much work every year besides carrying on the usual ence to the prospective ultimate emancipation of the
routine of a public library. Last year it compiled
slaves in consequence of the triumph of the Republican
and printed or multigraphed 401 different book party. To make sure, I asked, “What property were
lists, 156,420 pieces, on topics of current interest;
they stealing ?” Then it came out: “Why, they were
addressed and mailed about 10,000 circulars and
coming down here and helping our niggers to escape."
He was close enough to Kansas to feel the wind blowing
letters having to do with exhibitions, meetings, and
from the prairies, and this, as well as the economic aspect
the library's books and other resources ; cared for 6 of slavery, had its influence.
exhibitions and 21 lectures with an aggregate attend Your reviewer does not think that emancipation by
ance of 7,833; and for 651 meetings in rooms not | Virginia in 1831 would have prevented the Civil War,-
yet taken for library purposes, including lectures of that is, that slavery could not have been abolished
an educational or philanthropic or civic-betterment
without war. This reminds me of another remark of
nature, with an aggregate attendance of 17,538, and
the veteran. We were discussing a question of policy,
installed and managed three exhibitions for the
and he argued for time. In that way, he said, the
people could be brought to endure almost anything --
Newark Museum Association.” Not much inviting
taxes, in this case. He then illustrated by his own
of one's soul, with arm-chair and newest novel, for
attitude toward the the negro. In the years that have
workers in such progressive and variously benefi elapsed since the Civil War, he had passed, partly under
cent libraries as this.
compulsion, from regarding the negro as Chief Justice
Taney did in the Dred Scott decision, to the point where
he could look upon him as a human being with some
rights.
COMMUNICATIONS.
Time can work a good many changes. Possibly the
DR. POOLE AND CONVICT INDEXES.
last vestige of chattel slavery might not be gone to-day,
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
had there been no war. It had not entirely disappeared
from Connecticut in 1850, but it was insignificant. It
It was indeed, as you intimated in a paragraph in
would have been insignificant in the South by this time.
your issue of Oct. 1, a fine example of the irony of fate,
Four years of war swept it away entirely. The war
when the late Dr. W. F. Poole was cited in support of
also hastened the development of the industrial slavery
the idea that indexes might be produced by convict
which is now gripping the North and slowly creeping
labor. For, in The Dial for April, 1883, at page 280,
over the entire nation. In studying the past, let us not
he poured out the vials of his wrath on the head of the
assume that such questions cannot be settled without
unfortunate man who had ventured to make, in “ The
war. What we need is a higher type of statesmanship
Nation," the suggestion now attributed to the great
than we had in 1860.
indexer himself. Several letters to " The Nation" in
David Y. THOMAS.
1883 continued the discussion, all of which are referred
University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, Ark., Oct. 25, 1911.
to in Poole's Index, 1st Suppt. (1882-86), under the
heading “Indexing, Convict.” W. I. FLETCHER.
Amherst College Library,
“STATESMEN OF THE OLD SOUTH."
Amherst Mass., Oct. 24, 1911.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
The friendly notice of my little book, “Statesmen of
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE SLAVERY QUESTION.
the Old South," in your issue of October 16, is so much
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
appreciated that I trust I may have a few lines of space
I was very much interested in the review of Professor in which to reply to a few minor points made by your
Dodd's new book on “Statesmen of the Old South,” | reviewer. The first relates to his objection to the term
in your issue of October 16. The thing of which I wish | “ peasant farmers." This term is certainly a fair desig-
to speak here is the reviewer's estimate of the social nation of the nation in 1800; that the farmers were
aspect of the slavery question. That is a subject about owners of the land they tilled, does not alter the fun-
which my own mind is not yet fully inade up, but I must damental fact. Perhaps it would be better to say, with
ask for further evidence before accepting his view that a recent president of the American Historical Associa-


1911.)
331
THE DIAL
tion, “peasant proprietors.” But this is not a matter lotte Porter and H. A. Clarke. With introduction by
that would of itself call for much argument.
J. C. Collins. New York: T. Y. Crowell. Ln: G. G.
On the question of emancipation in Virginia in 1831 Harrap. 1903-08. 13 vols. Cr. 8º. [In progress)."
there is better reason for two opinions. I have ex This, which I had overlooked at first, recognizes the
pressed my view after more than ten years of study and American publisher, but still leaves undescribed the edi-
teaching of Southern history. Others who have devoted tion that is known here in America as the “ First Folio"
more time and more intelligence to the subject have a | edition, in forty volumes, now nearing completion.
perfect right to say I am wrong. But about the Davis May I take this opportunity to record an important
family being of the hardshell.” Baptist persuasion, it omission which I failed to get into the proof of my
may not be improper for me to say that when writing article on the Shakespeare Bibliography ? This is
the Life of Davis” I went over the whole field of the Charles Crawford's concordance to the quarto and folio
Southern Baptist sects, that I visited Mississippi and Hamlets, which was published as a “ Hamlet Appendix "
talked with people who ought to know, and it would to the “ Concordance to the Works of Thomas Kyd,"
therefore seem that my judgment on this point should in vol. xv. of the Materialen zur Kunde des Alteren En-
not be ruled out of court by the simple ipse dixit of the glischen Dramas. The blame for this lies partly with
reviewer. Being a Southern Baptist myself, and reared | the publishers of that volume, who give on the title-page
in close proximity to a “hardshell " community, I no evidence of the inclusion of this important appendix,
might without immodesty claim to know the difference which is thus very likely to escape library cataloguers
between “regular" and “hardshell ” Baptists.
as it escaped Mr. Jaggard. It may be worth noting,
It was stated in the study of Davis that his first mar too, that Mr. Jaggard has seen fit to record « Batman
riage was clandestine. Having read a mass of contro uppon Bartholome,” 1582, to the exclusion of the older
versial literature on this subject, visited the house, near edition of Bartholomew published by Berthelet in 1535,
Louisville, where the wedding took place, and talked with though it seems quite as plausible that Shakespeare
people who were familiar with local traditions, my conclu used the earlier edition, and it is in a copy of that (now
sion was that Colonel Taylor never gave his consent, and in the British Museum) that Ireland inserted one of his
that he did not know of the event when it occurred; and numerous forgeries.
A. G. NEWCOMER.
that therefore it was clandestine. In support of my Stanford University, Oct. 11, 1911.
view, Mrs. Davis the second, who generally avoided
the subject, may be cited. See her Memoir of Davis,
AUTHORITY FOR A DISPUTED IDIOM.
Vol. I., page 161. Your reviewer further says that
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
Davis was not a brigadier general in the Mexican War.
But neither did I say he was (see page 186). He did,
In a recent issue of your journal (Aug. 16, 1911,
however, win that rank; the commission was offered
p. 107), this sentence occurs:
him by President Polk, and was declined; and he was
"Such an interpretation should set at rest Mr. Lee's jeal-
called “General ” by his friends, by his enemies, and by
ousy for Sidney's reputation, and show M. Jusserand that
a poet may write very eloquently of love without a genuine
the newspapers, from 1847 to 1857, when the title of
passion being the basis of his present poetry.”
“ Senator” became the more common appellation. But
I write to ask whether your authority sanctions the
I was careful not to mislead the reader, and so wrote
use of such an expression as “ without a genuine passion
“General” Davis when the title was used at all (see
being the basis of his present poetry." “ Without a
page 186). Finally, whether or not the South went to
genuine passion being " seems to me awkward and infe-
war for “economic” or “social” reasons, the opinion of
licitious. Can you recall any high precedent for such
one student is as good as that of another; and I venture
an expression ?
to stand to the claim already made, and “wait to be
WILLIAM A. BREWER.
shown" that it was to any great extent a “social psycho-
Burlingame, California, Oct. 18, 1911.
logical ” revolution which was precipitated by the lower [The use of the possessive ("without a genuine
South in 1861. There is ground enough for criticism of
passion's being”) is preferred by many in such con-
the book, for taking issue with my interpretation of
history or historical movements; but it hardly seems
structions as the foregoing; but as early as 1600 the
other usage had become common, as in “ Macbeth"
just to take exception to points like those above men-
tioned, merely saying that what I have said is “not so.”
I. iii. 44, “By each at once her choppy finger laying
Hence I have felt constrained to offer this rejoinder,
upon her skinny lips.” Coming down much later,
even though this might seem to be asking a good deal
we find in “Vanity Fair," chapter XI., “I insist
of space for a book of such modest proportions. upon Miss Sharp appearing,” and Thackeray even
William E. DODD. writes, “ Papa did not care about them learning"
University of Chicago, October 20, 1911.
(“Esmond"), and “But who ever heard of them eat-
ing an owl?” (“ Newcomes"); and Charles Reade
THE SHAKESPEARE BIBLIOGRAPHY.
has “That is no excuse for him beating you” (“ Hard
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
Cash"). In certain instances the possessive would
Some time after writing my review of Mr. Jaggard's be intolerably awkward, as “Upon the king and his
“ Shakespeare Bibliography ” I was led to suspect that
court making their entry," “ In the expectation of
the Porter and Clarke Shakespeare published in London
one or the other being present." The authority of
by Harrap (introduction by Collins, portrait and plates,
the Oxford Dictionary could also be cited for the
13 vols., 1906) was, as stated by a correspondent in
your issue of Oct. 1 (p. 247), a complete edition, though
usage. Of course the idiom can usually be avoided
the impression that it was not such seemed to be con-
entirely by reconstructing one's sentence, as is often
firmed by the following earlier entry in the Bibliography advisable. Professor Reed Smith's “ Participle and
of what appeared to be the same thing without the por Infinitive in -ing” (noticed in our last issue) treats
trait and plates: “Pembroke edition, edited by Char- | the matter fully and clearly. - EDR. The Dial.]


332
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
The New Books.
who had just acquired a street railway in that
city. In a few months he was secretary of the
company, and afterward superintendent of the
A STURDY PRACTICAL REFORMER.*
road. This office he held until 1876, when,
There is at least one man to whom “ Tom with financial aid from Bidermann du Pont, he
Johnson's” story of his own life should come | purchased from William H. English a controll-
as a revelation - and that is the man who is ing interest in the street railways of Indian-
already before the people with a book on the apolis. In this business he proved successful
same subject, the most striking feature of which from the start; and a few years later he entered
was the opinion that Johnson was not at heart the street-railway field of Cleveland by the pur-
sincere in the policies with which he so vigor chase of the Pearl Street line, on the West Side.
ously identified himself, but took them up as His subsequent grants were secured as exten-
the most promising means of attaining to high sions to this line. So much has been written
political position. One may pick many a flaw of Johnson's long fight for lower fares against
in the career of Tom L. Johnson; but this vol- | the entrenched traction interests of Cleveland
ume, taken from his own dictation as his last that we need not stop to outline the story here.
legacy to the public, during the weeks when he We need only say that any who were led by the
was aware that disease was fast crowding him inevitable misrepresentations of the conflict into
toward the brink of the grave, bears overwhelm- the belief that it was in any way a fight for his
ing testimony to his absolute sincerity — a 1 personal financial interests will find overwhelm-
quality which no one who really knew him had | ing proof to the contrary in this volume. Tom
ever doubted.
L. Johnson had in him the making of a Carnegie
Johnson was born at Blue Spring, Ken- | in point of wealth, had not his devotion to
tucky, in 1854. His father had a plantation in certain ideas turned so much of his energy and
Arkansas, and at Helena organized a military brain-power in other directions.
company in the service of the Confederacy. This feature of his career had its genesis in
As colonel of a brigade, a little later, he fell the writings of Henry George, to whose memory
into disagreement with his superior officer, Gen this autobiography is dedicated. In 1883 John-
eral Hindman, and left him to join the com son got hold of a copy of George's “ Social
mand of General John C. Breckenridge, near Problems” on a train, and “ Progress and
Atlanta. He took his family to Georgia with | Poverty” soon followed, with such other of the
him, making the long journey in two wagons / author's works as had then appeared. From
and a barouche. After about a year in Georgia
that time on he was in theory an entire convert
they went North by similar means of travel to George's teachings, and convinced of their
through the Carolinas into Virginia, locating complete practicability whenever the people
at Corner Springs, next at Withville, then at could be persuaded in good faith to adopt them.
Natural Bridge for a year, and at Staunton as So long, however, as law and custom allowed
was closing. After a short time the privilege to remain, he would use it in his busi-
family moved to Louisville, Kentucky, on money ness; and if people chose to rail at him for incon-
earned by “ Tom” as a newsboy; then back to sistency in attacking the goose that was laying
Arkansas on borrowed funds for a short and his (and their) golden eggs, well and good.
disastrous experiment in raising cotton with free Thus, while in Congress, he boldly fought for
labor; and from there to Evansville, Indiana.
the entire removal of the tariff on steel rails,
Here the boy had his only complete year of
notwithstanding his own heavy investments in
regular schooling, and used it with such success
their manufacture, at Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
as to pass through the three upper grades and His Johnstown enterprise threw upon him
qualify for the high school. But again the and his chief associate, Mr. Arthur J. Moxham,
restless father “pulled stakes ” and went back a heavy share of responsibility for the relief
to Kentucky, settling on a farm some miles measures made necessary by the flood disaster
from Louisville.
of 1889. Immediately after the flood — which
From the farm the son went to Louisville to
had not involved his own plant, situated on
work in the office of a rolling-mill, but soon higher ground—be and his associates purchased
obtained a position in the office of the du Ponts,
the Johnstown street-railway system, and for
some time operated the cars free of any charge,
MY STORY. By Tom L. Johnson. Edited by Elizabeth
J. Hauser. With illustrations from photographs. New York:
as a part of the relief work. That experience
B. W. Huebsch.
led him seriously to discuss the feasibility of


1911.]
333
THE DIAL
free street-car service everywhere. The idea were rival candidates for Congress and Burton
that people would abuse such service by riding was defeated. Of this debate Johnson says:
unnecessarily, he meets with the statement that “As the challenged party I claimed the right to
they do nothing of the kind with the free eleva name the terms of the contest, and in the final arrange-
tor service in constant operation in every city
ment it was agreed that each side should make five
in the land. The cost of such service, he thought,
ten-minute speeches in each debate. In the two years
which had elapsed since my first effort in Cooper Union,
would distribute itself equitably in the end, like I had increased my time limit to ten minutes, and for
the cost of keeping up the streets themselves that space I could talk like a whirlwind, though I prob-
over which the cars run; and the demoralizing ably could not have spoken lovger at one stretch to save
effects of franchise granting would be elimi-
| my life. Mr. Burton was a lawyer, a scholar, a master
of English, a practiced speaker if not an orator, but his
nated.
style was deliberate and it was next to impossible for
One of his first active steps in the Henry him to get fairly started under eleven minutes. ...
George propaganda was the gift of a copy of I went to the first of those engagements with an out-
“ Protection or Free Trade” to every minister
ward show of cheerfulness and confidence which I was
very far from feeling, but I had no serious apprehensions
and lawyer in Cleveland. Of this early effort
after the first night. The ten-minute rule saved me and
he writes:
I won the election. Mr. Burton refused to run against me
“Why do converts to social ideals always select these
two years later, and when he was the opposition candidate
most unlikely of all professions in the world as objects for Mayor of Cleveland, fifteen years afterwards, he
for conversion in their campaigns in behalf of new declined absolutely to debate with me in person.”
ideals? I had not yet discovered that it is the un-
learned who are ever the first to seize and comprehend
One of the most interesting passages in the
through the heart's logic the newest and most daring
volume is Johnson's account of his attempts to
truths.'”
get upon the tax duplicate an honest valuation
The chances are, of course, that so far as that of Ohio railroad properties. He failed of im-
particular book was concerned the legal and mediate success, but not until he had brought
ministerial objects of his missionary endeavor public attention so forcibly to the gross under-
were mostly believers in its Free Trade doctrine valuation of those properties that the fraud was
already. In 1895 the well-known editorial plainly doomed, even before his death. During
writer, Mr. Louis F. Post, came to Cleveland to the few months since, the State Tax Commis-
work upon a new newspaper, “ The Recorder,” sion has raised every such property in Ohio
which championed George's doctrines; and John. | from two or three to six or eight times its
son immediately came to its support, contribut previous valuation, and it is still at work on a
ing in all about $80,000 to meet its deficits, readjustment of valuation of other similarly
until the panic of 1897 hit him so severely as | underestimated concerns.
to compel the withdrawal of further subsidies. | As a politician, Johnson contracted too much
It will be remembered that while in Congress of the despotic habit of the “boss,” – though
Johnson had been instrumental, with three or never the boss's penchant for feathering his
four others, in getting the whole of George's own nest, or that of his associates, by graft.
book on the Tariff into the “Congressional Unscrupulous in certain matters he may fairly
Record,” through the custom of “ leave to print,” be called, from the nicer point of view; but
and thus hundreds of thousands of copies were never in the direction of robbing the people.
distributed all over the country under the We need not follow him in all the theories which
franking system. Johnson was not really a he imbibed from the school of Henry George, in
believer in this custom of campaigning at pub- order to recognize in him a thoroughly sincere
lic expense; but so long as the Protectionists worker for the good of his own city and of hu-
were thus circulating tons of documents which manity in general. Though aligned in most mat-
he believed to be false, he did not see why the ters with the Democratic party, he was never
other side should not circulate what he consid- a narrow partisan, and was always ready with a
dered true. It was George who first urged | flat refusal to party workers who came to him
Johnson to go into politics, and who first suc with demands for removals or appointments on
ceeded in getting him to attempt a public speech, simply partisan grounds. He had a personal
in a mass-meeting in Cooper Union. His five magnetism for men who worked with him, so
minutes of dismal failure on that occasion gave powerful as to make Republicans whom he had
little promise of the effective debater into which retained or appointed in the city's service his
he had developed when Theodore Burton, now devoted supporters; and this naturally led to
Senator, challenged him to a joint discussion the charge that their support was simply bought
during the campaign of 1890, when the two | by appointment or retention — a charge which,


334
[Nov. 1,
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to the sober judgment, is amply refuted by the the nation. We are referred to learned articles
character of the men in question. On such and dissertations for a discussion of the early
points as the regulation of the liquor traffic and German influence; but its import we do not
the restraint of prostitution, many felt that his learn; very little is said about the highly potent
views were not up to the really practicable level bearing of the French drama upon the Ameri-
of the day. A higher standard of decency can, either in the past or in the present. No
might well have been enforced upon the cheap adequate treatment appears of the various types
theatres of Cleveland during his administration of plays that held the stage in the early days —
(and since). In the humane and intelligent the war dramas of the Revolution and of 1812,
care of delinquent boys and girls, of the depen the plays that reflected or caricatured local
dent classes, and of the milder forms of adult eccentricities, whether Yankee or Southern or
criminality, the Rev. Harris R. Cooley, formerly Western. What were these plays in reality-
pastor of the church with which Mayor Johnson mere imitations of foreign models, or futile
was connected, and appointed by him as head of attempts to strike out new forms? One fully
the city's charitable and correctional institu- realizes that in quality the product was poor,
tions, attained results from which the great that probably in the whole first century of
majority of cities in the whole country might theatrical production there was not one play of
well take lessons. Within certain limits, one permanent dramatic worth; yet the history of
might say that Tom L. Johnson was to the the drama in its struggle to reflect the social
typical reformer of the higher order what Billy life of the time, in its groping after form and
Sunday is to the typical Doctor of Divinity – idea, is worth while. And this history is yet
a little short in logical consistency, not well to seek.
developed in his bump of reverence for the con | By far the greater part of Mr. Moses's book
ventionalities, given to shocking the suscepti. is taken up with the modern stage, and it is
bilities of " the well-bred,” but after all genu largely a development of the conception that
inely effective in persuading large numbers to the drama to-day is the newspaper dramatized.
“ hit the sawdust trail” toward better things. The modern dramatist has largely been bred in
Under present conditions, America can afford the newspaper office, and partly on that account,
more rather than fewer of such characters. but more because Americans are a newspaper-
reading nation par excellence, the modern drama
is like the newspaper. “Newspaper condition,
THE AMERICAN NEWSPAPER DRAMA.*
i.e., as the American newspaper sees American
condition,” says Mr. Moses, " is the one original
The history of the American stage has yet to note in our theatre.” The trouble, of course,
be written. The American drama, as a living lies in the fact that the dramatist is satisfied to
and independent entity, can hardly be said to present in dramatic form — so called — what is
be: it is merely becoming. But the stage has paraded in the Sunday papers or in the ten-cent
existed from before the Revolution, and the magazines, and the public are gratified to have
record of its development would be an interest the muck-raking visualized on the stage. The
ing chapter in the social and literary life of the stage has never been far removed from the news-
nation. It is rather the stage than the drama paper, for both appeal immediately and directly
that is the subject of Mr. Moses's book, even
to the crowd. One has only to recall the "Suc-
though he calls it “ The American Dramatist,” cess" of Addison's “ Cato,” which was as much
for he gives only a very slight idea of the actual a newspaper drama for that time as Frank Nor-
movements that have marked the progress of ris's “ The Pit” is for to-day. “ The School
dramatic development from the beginning to the for Scandal" did some muck-raking, too; but
present, and he does present a somewhat sketchy it did much else. It is not that the drama is
survey of matters theatrical from the legitimate closely related to the newspaper, — it cannot be
and the poetic drama to the hybrid musical
otherwise and be vital, - but it is vastly more.
comedy and the moving-picture shows. The
There must be in it that which transcends con-
whole history of American drama from 1750 temporaneousness and has a kind of eternity;
to 1870 is here compressed into one short chap- it must deal primarily with human passions that
ter, and very little idea is given of the meaning are the same for all people and for all times.
of the drama in the cultural development of And yet to do so it must be native to the soil.
* THE AMERICAN DRAMATIST. By Montrose J. Moses.
Shakespeare, with more regard for truth to life
With portraits. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
| as he knew it in England than for historical


1911.]
335
THE DIAL
verisimilitude, made Elizabethan apprentices his technique a departure, if at all, from that
raise a riot in the streets of Verona in “Romeo of his contemporaries ? To what extent may he
and Juliet,” and had an English mob shout ap be credited or charged with putting the news-
proval of Antony's speech in “ Julius Cæsar.” paper on the stage after the modern method ?
So the coming American play must not be false What definite contribut