# bib

id: dad-10715
author: Gargett, Andrew
title: Incrementality and the Dynamics of Routines in Dialogue
date: 2011
pages: 27
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11080
sentence: 522
flesch: 48
cache: cache/dad-10715.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10715.txt
summary:
  For this formalisation of dual processing, we extend the lexical architecture of DS, so that lexical entries incorporate both the usual DS lexical actions, but also include the output semantic structures which result from employing such lexical actions. Our dual processing account of lexical architecture models lexical nodes as consisting not only of strings and lexical actions for computing representations, but also stored semantic structure.


id: dad-10725
title: Creating Conversational Characters Using Question Generation Tools
date: 2012
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10374
sentence: 509
flesch: 57
cache: cache/dad-10725.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10725.txt
author:
  Yao, Xuchen ; Tosch, Emma ; Chen, Grace ; Nouri, Elnaz ; Artstein, Ron ; Leuski, Anton ; Sagae, Kenji ; Traum, David 

summary:
  These question- answer pairs form knowledge bases for a series of virtual question answering characters. The remainder of the article gives an overview of question generation and the tools we use, describes in detail the setup and results for the three experiments, and concludes with broader im- plications and directions for further study.


id: dad-10696
author: Ibáñez, Romualdo ; Moncada, Fernando ; Cárcamo, Benjamín ; Marín, Valentina
title: Signaling of Causal Relations in Spanish: Variety, Functionality, and Specificity
date: 2020
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10697
sentence: 682
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-10696.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10696.txt
summary:
  Keywords: Causal coherence relations, connectives, cue phrases, Spanish SIGNALING OF CAUSAL COHERENCE RELATIONS IN SPANISH 41 1 Introduction Based on the assumption that there is no one-to-one mapping between connective expressions and coherence relations, scholars have devoted considerable attention to the description of coherence relation signaling. To go further into the description of these phenomena would not only widen our understanding of the way coherence relations are signaled in Spanish, it would also contribute to the delineation of the way connective expressions and causal coherence relations interact across languages.


id: dad-10682
author: Ward, Nigel G. ; Gallardo, Paola
title: Non-Native Differences in Prosodic-Construction Use
date: 2017
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13945
sentence: 778
flesch: 56
cache: cache/dad-10682.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10682.txt
summary:
  For example, Zimmerer’s measurements showed that non-native speakers use much less pitch variation (Zimmerer et al., 2014). Because we are centrally interested in what people actually do in conversation, we wish to discover from the data itself what functions are expressed with prosody, and how non-native speakers differ.


id: dad-10670
author: Hernault, Hugo; Prendinger, Helmut; Verle, David A. du; Ishizuka, Mitsuru
title: HILDA: A Discourse Parser Using Support Vector Machine Classification
date: 2010
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12700
sentence: 642
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-10670.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10670.txt
summary:
  This corpus contains 700 expository dialogues labeled with dialogue acts, paired with human-authored, equiv- alent monologues annotated with RST discourse relations. Figure 2 shows two types of discourse relations in RST: hypotactic (‘mononuclear’) and parat- actic (‘multi-nuclear’).


id: dad-10727
title: A Detailed Account of The First Question Generation Shared Task Evaluation Challenge
date: 2012
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13690
sentence: 767
flesch: 60
cache: cache/dad-10727.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10727.txt
author:
  Rus, Vasile ; Wyse, Brendan ; Piwek, Paul; Lintean, Mihai ; Stoyanchev, Svetlana ; Moldovan, Cristian 

summary:
  The last step, question construction, is about realizing the question given the selected content, question type, and the context in which the question is being asked. Question types (who/what/why/…) generated for each paragraph should be diverse, i.e. different question types are preferred in the set of 6 required questions.


id: dad-10723
author: Olney, Andrew M. ; Graesser, Arthur C. ; Person, Natalie K.
title: Question Generation from Concept Maps
date: 2012
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13103
sentence: 868
flesch: 57
cache: cache/dad-10723.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10723.txt
summary:
  Given the success of representation-free approaches to question answering, a pertinent ques- tion is whether the same can be true for question generation (Yao 2010). Previous work on question generation has demonstrated that named entities and adjunct roles may both be mapped to question type categories in a straightforward way.


id: dad-10721
author: Yao, Xuchen ; Bouma, Gosse ; Zhang, Yi
title: Semantics-based Question Generation and Implementation
date: 2012
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13413
sentence: 789
flesch: 57
cache: cache/dad-10721.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10721.txt
summary:
  The task of question generation contains multiple subareas. When people perform question generation, a transformation from declarative sentences to in- terrogatives happens.


id: dad-10712
author: Schlangen, David; Skantze, Gabriel
title: A General, Abstract Model of Incremental Dialogue Processing
date: 2011
pages: 29
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14385
sentence: 597
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-10712.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10712.txt
summary:
  Some of the characterisations of the behaviour of incremental modules are inspired by (Kilger and Finkler, 1995), but adapted and extended from incremental generation to the general case of incrementalprocessing. Thetransitive closure of this relation hence links system output IUs to a set of system input IUs.


id: dad-10680
author: Scholman, Merel C.J. ; Evers-Vermeul, Jacqueline ; Sanders, Ted J.M.
title: Categories of coherence relations in discourse annotation
date: 2016
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14968
sentence: 863
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-10680.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10680.txt
summary:
  Over the last decade, annotating coherence relations has gained increasing interest of the linguistics research community. In this article, we investigate whether non-trained, non-expert annotators are capable of annotating coherence relations.


id: dad-10690
author: Potter, Andrew
title: Reasoning Between the Lines: a Logic of Relational Propositions
date: 2019
pages: 31
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15688
sentence: 913
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-10690.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10690.txt
summary:
  Relational propositions, the implicit assertions that correspond to RST relations, are defined using standard logical operators and rules of inference. If it were the case that RST relations corresponded one to one with logical operators and units with propositions, the task of restating RST analyses as Boolean expressions would not be interesting.


id: dad-10713
author: Okko Buß, Timo Baumann; Schlangen, David
title: Evaluation and Optimisation of Incremental Processors
date: 2011
pages: 29
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15117
sentence: 637
flesch: 49
cache: cache/dad-10713.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10713.txt
summary:
  Hence, there is more to do than just comparing one actual output to one ideal output: We want to compare the content of incremental outputs, the timing of contributions to the result, and the evolution of the output over the course of processing the input sequence. Indecision is understandable at the beginning of input, but the more one has seen, the more not making a decision becomes just like making a wrong decision.6 4.2.2 TIMING METRICS Timing metrics measure when some notable event happens in incremental output relative to some reference time from the gold standard.


id: dad-10716
title: Incrementality and intention-recognition in utterance processing
date: 2011
pages: 35
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17226
sentence: 858
flesch: 46
cache: cache/dad-10716.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10716.txt
author:
  Gregoromichelaki, Eleni; Kempson, Ruth; Purver, Matthew; Mills, Gregory J. ; Cann, Ronnie; Meyer-Viol, Wilfried; Healey, Patrick G. T.

summary:
  In contrast then to Bratman’s account of intentional action whichsees the planning struc- tures involved as distinctive of rational agents, distinguishing them from entities exhibiting merely purposive behaviour (see e.g. Bratman, 1999, 5), in Millikan’s naturalistic perspective, function, i.e. meaning, does not depend upon speaker intentions. Similarly, hearers under- stand speech through direct perception of what the speech is about without necessary reflection on speaker intentions.


id: dad-10676
author: Robaldo, Livio ; Miltsakaki, Eleni
title: Corpus-driven Semantics of Concession: Where do Expectations Come from?
date: 2014
pages: 36
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 18573
sentence: 1036
flesch: 55
cache: cache/dad-10676.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10676.txt
summary:
  In formal terms, we propose to represent semantic concessive relations via the following general pattern in Hobbs’ logic: (35) (exist (sac sc ec ee ed) ∧ (partialInstance sc sac) ∧ (Φ sc ec ee) ∧ (Rexist ec) ∧ (Rexist ed) ∧ (inconsistent ee ed) ) 27 ROBALDO AND MILTSAKAKI where Φ is a generic predicate referring to the underspecified entailment that creates the expectation; it corresponds to Winter&Rimon’s ‘→’. Many have tried to sub-categorize Concession and to define formal criteria to both distinguish its subtypes as well as for distinguishing Concession from the (similar) semantic relation of Contrast.


id: dad-10679
title: Evaluation in Discourse: a Corpus-Based Study
date: 2016
pages: 49
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 20296
sentence: 1063
flesch: 52
cache: cache/dad-10679.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10679.txt
author:
  Benamara, Farah ; Asher, Nicholas ; Mathieu, Yvette Yannick ; Popescu, Vladimir ; Chardon, Baptiste 

summary:
  5.3.4 Segment type, segment polarity, and overall opinion We investigated whether implicit opinion segments contribute to the author’s global opinion on the main topic of the document. Segment opinion type mainly follows Wiebe et al. (2005); Toprak et al. (2010) and Liu (2012).


id: dad-10691
author: Riou, Matthieu ; Jabaian, Bassam ; Huet, Stéphane ; Lefèvre, Fabrice
date: 2019
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8558
sentence: 417
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-10691.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10691.txt
title:
  Reinforcement adaptation of an attention-based neural natural language generator for spoken dialogue systems

summary:
  This approach has been used previously in dialogue systems for language understanding (Ferreira et al., 2015, 2016). Rank Initial system Adapted system 1 111 (22.0%) 143 (28.5%) 2 51 (10.2%) 103 (20.6%) 3 18 (3.6%) 75 (15.0%)


id: dad-10694
author: Demberg, Vera ; Scholman, Merel C.J.; Asr, Fatemeh Torabi
date: 2019
pages: 49
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 23184
sentence: 1005
flesch: 47
cache: cache/dad-10694.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10694.txt
title:
  How compatible are our discourse annotation frameworks? Insights from mapping RST-DT and PDTB annotations

summary:
  The algorithm proposed in this article allowed us to align 76% of PDTB discourse relation annotations to corresponding RST annotations. We conclude that our manual inspection of a representative sample of instances confirms that our algorithm finds the right alignment between corpora in the majority of cases and thus provides us with reliable data for cross-corpora analysis of relation annotation.


id: dad-10720
author: Piwek, Paul ; Boyer, Kristy Elizabeth
date: 2012
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5114
sentence: 288
flesch: 49
cache: cache/dad-10720.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10720.txt
title:
  Varieties of Question Generation: Introduction to this Special Issue: Introduction to this Special Issue

summary:
  Microsoft Word Template Dialogue and Discourse 3(2) (2012) 1˗9 doi: 0.5087/dad.2012.201 ©2012 Paul Piwek and Kristy Boyer Varieties of Question Generation: Introduction to this Special Issue Paul Piwek P.PIWEK@OPEN.AC.UK Centre for Research in Computing The Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom Kristy Elizabeth Boyer KEBOYER@NCSU.EDU Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University 890 Oval Dr. Campus Box 8206, Raleigh, NC 27695-8206, United States Introduction Questions are a topic that is ideally placed at the intersection of research on dialogue and discourse: in most dialogue, questions are the driving force, setting its direction, whereas answers to questions require discourse processing (e.g., contextual resolution in the case of short answers) or can be viewed as a piece of discourse themselves (e.g., an explanation in response to a why- question). In contrast with Formal/Computational Semantics and Natural Language Processing, Question Generation has a substantial history in Education and Psychology, see Olney et al.


id: dad-10692
author: Scholl, Catelyn ; McRoy, Susan
title: Using Gestures to Resolve Lexical Ambiguity in Storytelling with Humanoid Robots
date: 2019
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6762
sentence: 322
flesch: 62
cache: cache/dad-10692.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10692.txt
summary:
  If coordinated beat gestures are enough, then, in addition to assessing the impact on understanding homophones, one could explore how robot gesture affects the retention of narrative details, using a story that has distinct characters, setting, or events. Keywords: lexical ambiguity, speech prosody, homophones, iconic gestures, deictic gestures 1.


id: dad-10689
author: Malchanau, Andrei ; Petukhova, Volha ; Bunt, Harry
date: 2019
pages: 45
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 22541
sentence: 1243
flesch: 45
cache: cache/dad-10689.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10689.txt
title:
  Towards Integration of Cognitive Models in Dialogue Management: Designing the Virtual Negotiation Coach Application

summary:
  We provide an overview of existing approaches and systems for cognitive tutoring tasks, as well as dialogue systems used in negotiation domains. MALCHANAU, PETUKHOVA AND BUNT Technique Example task Dialogue phenomena handled Finite state script Long-distance calling User answers questions Frame based Getting train arrival and departure information User asks questions, simple clarifications by the system Information State Update Travel booking agent Flexible shifts between pre-determined topics/tasks Refined grounding mechanisms Plan based Kitchen design consultant Dynamically generated topic structures, e.g. negotiation dialogues Agent based Disaster relief management Different modalities, e.g. planned world and actual world Collaborative planning and acting Probabilistic approaches Various information-seeking tasks, Dialogue policies design, i.e. learning negotiation games combined with the most approaches mentioned above Chat-oriented; Retail ‘chat commerce’ Question-answering skills interactive pattern matching Psychotherapies, personal assistant Social interactive aspects /template-based Table 1: State-of-the-art techniques for task-oriented dialogue system.


id: dad-10726
author: Curto, Sergio ; Mendes, Ana Cristina ; Coheur, Luisa
title: Question Generation based on Lexico-Syntactic Patterns Learned from the Web
date: 2012
pages: 29
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12508
sentence: 624
flesch: 60
cache: cache/dad-10726.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10726.txt
summary:
  The work described by Heilman and Smith (2009) should also be mentioned, as they propose a method to rank generated questions, instead of classifying them. Afterwards, we show how question generation is performed depending on the type of learned patterns and we finish with a description of the filters used to discard generated questions of low quality.


id: dad-10674
author: Stoyanchev, Svetlana; Stent, Amanda J.
title: Concept Type Prediction and Responsive Adaptation in a Dialogue System
date: 2012
pages: 31
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13820
sentence: 682
flesch: 56
cache: cache/dad-10674.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10674.txt
summary:
  Table 5 shows a confusion matrix for confir- mation prompt concept type and post-confirmation utterance concept type. Manual approach: We manually selected five lexical features: yes (indicates a confirma- tion), no (indicates a rejection), to and from (indicate presence of concept types place and time), and I (indicates a complete sentence).


id: dad-10698
author: Asher, Nicholas; Hunter, Julie ; Thompson, Kate
title: Modelling Structures for Situated Discourse
date: 2020
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14978
sentence: 581
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-10698.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10698.txt
summary:
  This is a familiar point when performing an error analysis on the output of a learning program for discourse structure: a respectable F1 score at the level of instances might not mean much in terms of structure preservation; the predicted structures might still be useless as discourse structures, as argued in Ferracane et al. (2019). Examining how these nonlinguistic structures interact with structures determined by dialogue moves reveals new types of discourse structure and a novel perspective on discourse threads and goals.


id: dad-10678
author: Obana, Yasuko ; Haugh, Michael
title: Co-authorship of Joint utterances in Japanese
date: 2015
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11915
sentence: 605
flesch: 55
cache: cache/dad-10678.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10678.txt
summary:
  The two utterances constitute a co-authored joint utterance, in which Tomoko‟s predicate noun (Hooryuuji) is shared between the two independent utterances. Because of this, one may wonder if co-authored joint utterances can be analysed with reference to anaphoric relations alone.


id: dad-10675
author: Cooper, Robin
title: Clarification and generalized quantifiers
date: 2013
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11113
sentence: 597
flesch: 59
cache: cache/dad-10675.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10675.txt
summary:
  This separation of the glue function of the λ-calculus and the analysis of quantified utter- ances in terms of generalized quantifier relations between sets leads me to suppose that Purver and Ginzburg’s objection is not so much to generalized quantifiers as such as to the use of Montague’s λ-calculus based approach to compositional semantics. Here the witness and restriction clarifications appear to collapse since a witness set for the quantifier has to be a subset of thieves (i.e. the restriction) which contains most thieves.


id: dad-10709
author: Brown-Schmidt, Sarah; Hanna, Joy E.
title: Talking in another person’s shoes: Incremental perspective-taking in language processing
date: 2011
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13743
sentence: 668
flesch: 47
cache: cache/dad-10709.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10709.txt
summary:
  This design would be expected to produce weak common ground effects as it is well known that overhearers do not form common ground in the same way as full participants (Schober & Clark, 1989; also see Wilkes-Gibbs & Clark, 1992). A processing mechanism that focused attention on common ground information prior to each linguistic act would frequently make the wrong prediction.


id: dad-10731
author: Lee, Byung-Jun ; Kim, Kee-Eung
title: Dialog History Construction with Long-Short Term Memory for Robust Generative Dialog State Tracking
date: 2016
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7266
sentence: 326
flesch: 59
cache: cache/dad-10731.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10731.txt
summary:
  With this approach, we can preserve the intu- itiveness and compositionality of generative dialog state trackers while autonomously bookkeeping appropriate information over time, which results a boost in performance. This setting of parameters enable the real-time tracking of dialog state, while preserving most of the information required.


id: dad-10688
author: Mayol, Laia
title: Asymmetries between interpretation and production in Catalan pronouns
date: 2018
pages: 34
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15341
sentence: 776
flesch: 58
cache: cache/dad-10688.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10688.txt
summary:
  Carminati, M. N. (2002), The processing of Italian subject pronouns, PhD thesis, University of Massachusetts. La Jèssica li va servir l’arròs a la Carme.


id: dad-10722
author: Bernhard, Delphine ; Viron, Louis de ; Moriceau, Véronique ; Tannier, Xavier
title: Question Generation for French: Collating Parsers and Paraphrasing Questions
date: 2012
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12707
sentence: 786
flesch: 59
cache: cache/dad-10722.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10722.txt
summary:
  How do system questions influence lexical choices in user answers. Our goal in doing so is to evaluate the impact of the prior analysis tools on the quality and quantity of generated questions.


id: dad-10686
author: Levshina, Natalia ; Degand, Liesbeth
title: Just because: In search of objective criteria of subjectivity expressed by causal connectives
date: 2017
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9454
sentence: 559
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-10686.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10686.txt
summary:
  Objective causal relations express causality between events in the real world, as in (1), whereas subjective causal relations express the speaker’s motivation for mental conclusions or speech acts, as in (2)1. This variable was added because manual analysis has shown that subjective causal relations tend to co- occur with evaluative adjectives and/or adverbs, while objective causal relations do not (Pander Maat & Degand, 2001; Pit, 2006; Sanders & Spooren, 2015).


id: dad-10671
author: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
title: Exploring "Associative Talk": When German Mothers Instruct Their Two Year Olds about Spatial Tasks
date: 2011
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9849
sentence: 515
flesch: 56
cache: cache/dad-10671.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10671.txt
summary:
  Children's task performance correlated significantly with reported productive spatial lexicon (r = .52, df = 19, p < .03) but not with the reported receptive spatial lexicon (r = .28), suggesting that a more advanced reported productive spatial lexicon helped children to solve the task successfully. The relations ON and UNDER were chosen because of the different level of knowledge children demonstrate in understanding them: Whereas the preposition ON is reported to be understood very early, the understanding of UNDER is relatively poor at the age of 20 to 24 months (for example, Clark, 1973; Rohlfing, 2005).


id: dad-10684
title: A corpus-driven approach to discourse organisation: from cues to complex markers
date: 2017
pages: 40
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 19385
sentence: 904
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-10684.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10684.txt
author:
  Péry-Woodley, Marie-Paule ; Ho-Dac, Lydia-Mai ; Rebeyrolle, Josette ; Tanguy, Ludovic ; Fabre, C`ecile 

summary:
  The contribution of linguistic knowledge to the interpretation of text structures. For example, (sub)headings may be considered as ES-cues only in specific genres or text types.


id: dad-10695
author: Patterson, Clare; Schumacher, Petra
date: 2020
pages: 39
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 19445
sentence: 1164
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-10695.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10695.txt
title:
  The timing of prominence information during the resolution of German personal and demonstrative pronouns

summary:
  Keywords: prominence, anaphora, pronoun resolution, demonstrative, shallow processing, eye-tracking 1 Introduction Personal pronouns are referentially ambiguous, but they tend to refer to antecedents that are prominent in the prior discourse. Evidence from Schumacher and colleagues (Schumacher et al., 2015; 2016; 2017) shows that the findings from Garvey, Caramazza and Yates (1974) and Stevenson et al. (1994) regarding the importance of thematic role for pronoun resolution also applies to German pronouns.


id: dad-10724
author: Liu, Ming; Calvo, Rafael A.; Rus , Vasile
title: G-Asks: An Intelligent Automatic Question Generation System for Academic Writing Support
date: 2012
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12032
sentence: 688
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-10724.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10724.txt
summary:
  The input to G- Asks is a literature review paper stored at the sentence level after the preprocessing in iWrite and the output is a set of generated questions used by iWrite, which delivers the questions to the student author. First, we evaluated G-Asks’s performance with respect to citation extraction ability and semantic correctness of generated questions.


id: dad-10745
author: Ilkin, Zeynep; Sturt, Patrick
title: Active prediction of syntactic information during sentence processing
date: 2011
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12480
sentence: 598
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-10745.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10745.txt
summary:
  Eye movements and parafoveal word processing in reading Chinese. In other words, the proportion oftrials in whichbottle received a fixation during initial reading was greater in the unpredictable condition than the predictable condition.


id: dad-10683
author: Lowe, Ryan ; Pow, Nissan ; Serban, Iulian Vlad ; Charlin, Laurent ; Liu, Chia-Wei ; Pineau, Joelle
title: Training End-to-End Dialogue Systems with the Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus
date: 2017
pages: 35
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 18092
sentence: 895
flesch: 60
cache: cache/dad-10683.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10683.txt
summary:
  In order to be able to correctly answer questions regarding Ubuntu and solve the user’s problem, dialogue models will inevitably require some knowledge of the Ubuntu domain. Classification dialogue models can make errors due to an inability to detect semantic similarities between sentences, or due to the detection of spurious similarities.


id: dad-10717
author: Poesio, Massimo; Rieser, Hannes
title: An Incremental Model of Anaphora and Reference Resolution Based on Resource Situations
date: 2011
pages: 43
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 19726
sentence: 964
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-10717.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10717.txt
summary:
  (13) [ uDet, uNP , uN ′ | uNP :NP XXXXXX ������ uDet:Det the:λPλP ′[y|y is ιxP (x)];P ′(y) uN ′ :N’ ] 3.4 The Ingredients of Incrementality, II: Defeasible Reasoning The evidence on incremental interpretation and parallel hypothesis generation discussed in section 2 suggests that utterance interpretation is a form of defeasible inference in which competing hypothe- ses are activated, one of which is rapidly selected, whereas the other ones are discarded (Poesio 1994, 1995a,b, To Appear). Although we only propose here this treatment for surface anaphors, we suspect a similar DD-MATCH rule may generate anaphoric interpretation hypotheses for definite descriptions on the basis of head similarity.


id: dad-10746
author: Vasishth, Shravan; Drenhaus, Heiner
title: Locality in German
date: 2011
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9749
sentence: 438
flesch: 58
cache: cache/dad-10746.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10746.txt
summary:
  An example is the self- paced reading study by Grodner and Gibson (2005), which showed increasing reading time at the verb supervised as a function of the distance between the subject nurse and the verb: (1) a. 65 VASISHTH, AND DRENHAUS 2.4 Discussion We found increased reading times in the critical and post-critical regions as distance between the verb (ignoriert) and the argument (Direktor) is increased.


id: dad-10681
author: Hunter, Julie
title: Reports in Discourse
date: 2016
pages: 35
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 19919
sentence: 856
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-10681.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10681.txt
summary:
  So the difference between discourse parenthetical reports and non-parenthetical reports is that in the latter, the whole report is treated as a single unit that can figure in an argument for a discourse relation whereas in the former, only the embedded content contributes to an argument. The treatment of discourse parenthetical reports in the PDTB, the CDT, and Hunter et al. (2006) all have in common the idea that discourse parenthetical reports are best modelled by attaching the embedded clause directly to the incoming discourse and that this attachment pattern distinguishes them from non-parenthetical reports, in which it is the attribution predicate that is attached to the incoming discourse.


id: dad-10735
title: Cross-domain analysis of discourse markers in European Portuguese
date: 2018
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14482
sentence: 743
flesch: 55
cache: cache/dad-10735.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10735.txt
author:
  Cabarrão, Vera ; Moniz, Helena ; Batista , Fernando ; Ferreira, Jaime ; Trancoso, Isabel ; Mata, Ana Isabel 

summary:
  Since we aim at performing a general characterization of discourse markers and not to explore the functions of each marker individually, we decided not to include these structures when they do not co-occur with other discourse markers. Cross-domain analysis of discourse markers in European Portuguese Vera Cabarrão VERACABARRAO@GMAIL.COM L2F, INESC-ID FLUL/CLUL Helena Moniz HELENA.MONIZ@INESC-ID.PT L2F, INESC-ID FLUL/CLUL Fernando Batista FERNANDO.BATISTA@INESC-ID.PT L2F, INESC-ID Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL)


id: dad-10732
author: Sun, Kai ; Xie, Qizhe ; Yu, Kai
title: Recurrent Polynomial Network for Dialogue State Tracking
date: 2016
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10428
sentence: 501
flesch: 64
cache: cache/dad-10732.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10732.txt
summary:
  One mission is called dialogue state tracking (DST), which is a process to estimate the distribution of the dialogue states, an encoding of the machine’s understanding about the conversion as a dialogue progresses. Al- though the basic idea for transforming rules to neural networks has been there for many years (Cloete and Zurada, 2000), few work has been done for dialogue state tracking.


id: dad-10780
author: Mozuraitis, Mindaugas ; Heller , Daphna
title: Discourse coherence and the interpretation of accented pronouns
date: 2017
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11036
sentence: 563
flesch: 49
cache: cache/dad-10780.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10780.txt
summary:
  Pronoun interpretation has been accounted for using the DISCOURSE COHERENCE AND ACCENTED PRONOUNS 85 concept of accessibility (or salience). These kinds of examples have led to the suggestion that pronoun interpretation should not be viewed as a process that operates on referents and their accessibility status alone; instead it should be seen as a by-product of a general mechanism of establishing coherence in discourse (Hobbs, 1978, 1979; Hobbs, Stickel, Appelt, & Martin, 1993; Stevenson, Crawley, & Kleinman, 1994; Stevenson et al., 2000; Kehler, 2002; de Hoop, 2004; Wolf, Gibson, & Desmet, 2004; Jasinskaja, Kölsch, & Mayer, 2007; Kehler, Kertz, Rohde, & Elman, 2008, among others).


id: dad-10714
author: DeVault, David; Sagae, Kenji ; Traum, David
title: Incremental interpretation and prediction of utterance meaning for interactive dialogue
date: 2011
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12023
sentence: 495
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-10714.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10714.txt
summary:
  Completing user utterances To illustrate one use of the techniques described in the previous sections, we have implemented a prototype module that performs user utterance completion. We will turn to the understanding of partial user utterances in Section 4.


id: dad-10697
author: Wei, Yipu ; Evers-Vermeul, Jacqueline ; Sanders, Ted J.M.
date: 2020
pages: 27
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13473
sentence: 645
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-10697.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10697.txt
title:
  The Use of Perspective Markers and Connectives in Expressing Subjectivity: Evidence from Collocational Analyses

summary:
  Shen Congwen (name) -1 renyi ‘righteousness’ -1 chunqiu ‘spring and autumn’ -1 bixu ‘must’ 1 yongtu ‘purpose’ -1 shihou ‘time’ 1 bu ‘no’ 1 dao ‘reach’ 1 wufa ‘have no mean’ 1 yuan ‘source’ -1 lai ‘come’ 1 zi ‘character’ -1 zhi ‘reach’ -1 Table 4. -1 dui ‘correct’ 1 yinyong ‘quote’ -1 youyu ‘since’ 1 juan ‘roll’ -1 zhi ‘reach’ -1 deng


id: dad-10728
author: Williams, Jason D. ; Raux, Antoine ; Henderson, Matthew
title: Introduction to the Special Issue on Dialogue State Tracking
date: 2016
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 950
sentence: 40
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-10728.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10728.txt
summary:
  As conversational systems become a part of daily life – examples include Apple’s Siri, Google Now, and Cortana from Microsoft – interest from the research community in dialog state tracking has grown considerably. Yet to date, work in dialog state tracking has been spread among a number of workshops and conferences.


id: dad-10730
author: Perez, Julien
title: Spectral decomposition method of dialog state tracking via collective matrix factorization
date: 2016
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5791
sentence: 289
flesch: 50
cache: cache/dad-10730.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10730.txt
summary:
  In the next section, we present a decompositional approach of dialog state tracking that aims at reconciling the two main approaches of the state of the art while leveraging on the current advances of low-rank bilinear decomposition models, as recalled in Ma et al. (2014), that seems particularly adapted to the sparse nature of dialog state tracking tasks. Dialogue & Discourse 7(3) (2016) 34 –46 doi: 10.5087/dad.2016.304 Spectral decomposition method of dialog state tracking via collective matrix factorization Julien Perez JULIEN.PEREZ@XRCE.XEROX.COM Xerox Research Center Europe Grenoble, 38000, France Editor: Jason D. Williams, Antoine Raux, and Matthew Henderson Submitted 04/15; Accepted 02/16; Published online 04/16 Abstract The task of dialog management is commonly decomposed into two sequential subtasks: dia- log state tracking and dialog policy learning.


id: dad-10773
author: Tenbrink, Thora ; Eberhard, Kathleen ; Shi, Hui ; K ̈ubler, Sandra ; Scheutz, Matthias
title: Annotation of negotiation processes in joint-action dialogues
date: 2013
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14541
sentence: 752
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-10773.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10773.txt
summary:
  Our focus in this paper is on annotation schemes that capture structures of negotiation processes in joint action dialogues, building on speech-act related theories (e.g., Allen and Perrault, 1980; Co- hen and Levesque, 1980) to describe dialogic actions in discourse (i.e., dialogue acts as specialized speech acts referring to dialogue actions). We conclude by a brief discussion of the challenges ahead and consequences for dialogue annotation and corpus data collection.


id: dad-10669
author: Poesio, Massimo; Rieses, Hannes
title: Completions, Coordination, and Alignment in Dialogue
date: 2010
pages: 89
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 44300
sentence: 2118
flesch: 58
cache: cache/dad-10669.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10669.txt
summary:
  Our own account is based on such a theory, PTT (Poesio, 1994; Poesio and Traum, 1997; Poesio and Muskens, 1997; Poesio and Traum, 1998; Matheson, Poesio, and Traum, 2000) , a theory of dialogue semantics and dialogue interpretation that originated from work on the TRAINS-93 system (Allen et al, 1995). 6 A non-intentional analysis Pickering and Garrod (2004) while encouraging psycholinguists to take up dialogue as a valid area of research, argued that many aspects of dialogue interpretation—particularly priming at the lexical, syntactic, and referential level (Morton, 1969; Branigan et al, 2000)—can be explained without resorting to an intentional analysis, and sketched instead a model of interaction centered around the notion of ALIGNMENT between the dialogue participants’ models.


id: dad-10776
author: Tremper, Galina ; Frank, Anette
date: 2013
pages: 43
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 19924
sentence: 1076
flesch: 41
cache: cache/dad-10776.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10776.txt
title:
  A Discriminative Analysis of Fine-Grained Semantic Relations including Presupposition: Annotation and Classification

summary:
  However, we adhere to this distinction, as introduced by Fellbaum (1998), as indeed we find clear differences in the inferential properties of these two types of verb relations. These properties will establish important criteria for the automatic classification of verb relations into the target classes.


id: dad-10739
author: Hoek, Jet; Evers-Vermeul, Jacqueline ; Sanders, Ted J. M.
title: Using the Cognitive Approach to Coherence Relations for Discourse Annotation
date: 2019
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17076
sentence: 956
flesch: 52
cache: cache/dad-10739.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10739.txt
summary:
  Abstract The Cognitive approach to Coherence Relations (Sanders, Spooren, & Noordman, 1992) was originally proposed as a set of cognitively plausible primitives to order coherence relations, but is also increasingly used as a discourse annotation scheme. Keywords: discourse annotation, coherence relations, corpus annotation, Cognitive approach to Coherence Relations 1 Introduction Annotating coherence relations refers to the process of attributing labels that best capture the relation inferred between two segments in a text to that relation.


id: dad-10781
title: An Empirical Analysis of Subjectivity and Narrative Levels in Weblog Storytelling Across Cultures
date: 2017
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12479
sentence: 617
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-10781.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10781.txt
author:
  Swanson, Reid ; Gordon, Andrew S. ; Khooshabeh, Peter ; Sagae, Kenji ; Huskey, Richard ; Mangus, Michael ; Amir, Ori ; Weber, Rene 

summary:
  Personal stories found on Weblogs share many of the fundamental properties of the other types of discourse in this genre, but are widely available on the web across many different cultures. In our first experiment we investigate this question through an empirical study that compares the distribution of narrative clauses across three different cultures over a large number of personal stories found on the Web.


id: dad-11384
author: Garnham , Alan
title: Opinion Piece: How People Structure Representations of Discourse
date: 2021
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13201
sentence: 685
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-11384.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11384.txt
summary:
  Situation model theory does not specify what relations allow eventualities to be linked via indices. Space has been particularly important in the history of situation model theory, largely because it was in spatial domains that it was easiest to show that situation models had different structures from the sentences describing them (Potts, 1974, and many subsequent papers).


id: dad-10736
author: Musi, Elena ; Ghosh, Debanjan ; Muresan, Smaranda
title: ChangeMyView Through Concessions: Do Concessions Increase Persuasion?
date: 2018
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11009
sentence: 506
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-10736.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10736.txt
summary:
  Argumentative concessions In order to answer our research question — whether argumentative concessions increase persuasion — we need to provide a definition of argumentative concessions. We have tested the statistical significance of the distribution of argumentative concessions on the manually labeled sets using χ2 test: the results are not significant at p < 0.05 on training and test 121 MUSI, GHOSH AND MURESAN Marker ∆-dev no-∆-dev ∆-test no-∆-test ∆-unlabel no-∆-unlabel but 49 57 51 47 1100 793 however 2 4 - - - - though 4 5 - 1 8 2 while 1 2 - - - - total 56 68 52 48 1112 795 Table 6: Distribution of predicted argumentative concessions in ∆ and no-∆ comments sets, while they are significant on dev set, where argumentative concessions are less frequent in winning arguments.


id: dad-10685
author: Yung, Frances ; Duh, Kevin ; Komura, Taku ; Matsumoto, Yuji
title: A Psycholinguistic Model for the Marking of Discourse Relations
date: 2017
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12085
sentence: 728
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-10685.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10685.txt
summary:
  The probability is estimated by counting the co-occurrences in the PDTB in which explicit and implicit DCs are labeled with discourse relation senses. The aim of the experiment is to answer our research questions introduced in the end of Section 2. 4.1 Data and setting The experiment is based on the annotation of discourse relation senses and explicit/implicit DCs in the PDTB, as described in Section 2.1.


id: dad-10740
author: Zerkle, Sandra A. ; Arnold, Jennifer E.
title: Does pre-planning explain why predictability affects reference production?
date: 2019
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10099
sentence: 597
flesch: 55
cache: cache/dad-10740.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10740.txt
summary:
  Does thematic role predict production planning measures (latency, early looks, and late looks)? Even though latency did not predict reference form choice, eyetracking may provide an earlier and more sensitive measure for identifying planning effects on reference production.


id: dad-10753
title: On Incrementality in Dialogue: Evidence from Compound Contributions
date: 2011
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15768
sentence: 776
flesch: 57
cache: cache/dad-10753.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10753.txt
author:
  Howes, Christine; Purver, Matthew ; Healey, Patrick G. T.; Mills, Gregory J.; Gregoromichelaki, Eleni 

summary:
  Note, however, that these concerns only apply to same-person CCs andnot to cross-person CCs. Poesio and Rieser(2010) present a general model forcollaborative completions(a subclass of cross-person CCs) based in the PTT framework, using an incremental LTAG-based grammar and an information-state-basedapproach to context modelling.


id: dad-11371
author: Kibble, Rodger
title: From Discursive Practice to Logic? Remarks on Logical Expressivism
date: 2020
pages: 40
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 18554
sentence: 959
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-11371.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11371.txt
summary:
  3.2 Summary To summarise: in this section we have considered various examples which appear to challenge the notion that logical connectives can be extracted from natural language practice by identifying in- variant uses under substitution of the accompanying non-logical vocabulary, owing to the pervasive influence of linguistic and non-linguistic context on the behaviour of lexical items including even “logical” terms. Introduction This paper combines a critical appraisal of Robert Brandom’s notion of discursive practice and in particular his programme of logical expressivism with a novel conjectural account of the genesis of the conditional locution.


id: dad-10768
author: Cartoni, Bruno ; Zufferey, Sandrine ; Meyer, Thomas
date: 2013
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11728
sentence: 570
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-10768.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10768.txt
title:
  Annotating the meaning of discourse connectives by looking at their translation: The translation-spotting technique

summary:
  In order to disambiguate discourse connectives for machine translation (and more specifically for statistical machine translation (SMT), the COMTIS project proposes to pre-process their occurrences and label them with meaning tags, thus enabling the SMT system to make the correct choice in the target language. Published online 04/13 Annotating the Meaning of Discourse Connectives by Looking at their Translation: The Translation Spotting Technique Bruno Cartoni BRUNO.CARTONI@UNIGE.CH Département de Linguistique Université de Genève Rue de Candolle 2 CH-1211 Genève 4 Sandrine Zufferey S.I.ZUFFEREY@UU.NL Utrecht Institute of Linguistics Trans 10 NL-3512 JK Utrecht Thomas Meyer THOMAS.MEYER@IDIAP.CH Idiap Research Institute Centre du Parc Rue Marconi 19 CH-1920 Martigny Editors: Stefanie Dipper, Heike Zinsmeister, Bonnie Webber Abstract The various meanings of discourse connectives like while and however are difficult to identify and annotate, even for trained human annotators.


id: dad-10708
author: Rieser, Hannes; Schlangen, David
title: Introduction to the Special Issue on Incremental Processing in Dialogue
date: 2011
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4979
sentence: 259
flesch: 44
cache: cache/dad-10708.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10708.txt
summary:
  David DeVault, Kenji Sagae and David Traum present in the paper Interpretation and Prediction of Utterance Meaning for Interactive Dialogue techniques for building one such module for incremental dialogue systems, namely for the component that does interpretation. Baumann et al.’s specification of an evaluation framework should prove a valuable general contribution to the growing field of incremental spoken dialogue systems.


id: dad-10693
author: Lukin, Stephanie M. ; Walker, Marilyn A.
title: A Narrative Sentence Planner and Structurer for Domain Independent, Parameterizable Storytelling
date: 2019
pages: 53
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 26684
sentence: 1409
flesch: 56
cache: cache/dad-10693.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10693.txt
summary:
  or How to Generate Stories with Surprise Endings by Exploiting the Disparity of Knowledge between a Story’s Reader and its Characters. Despite control over the story generation, these systems place less priority on the realization of the texts, and are instead typically use pre-authored pieces of story text or templates.


id: dad-10770
author: Cook, Philippa ; Bildhauer, Felix
title: Identifying "aboutness topics": two annotation experiments
date: 2013
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11825
sentence: 552
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-10770.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10770.txt
summary:
  Institut für Deutsche und Niederländische Philologie Freie Universität Berlin 14195 Berlin, Germany Editor: Stefanie Dipper, Heike Zinsmeister, Bonnie Webber Abstract This paper deals with the annotation of “aboutness topic” (also known as “sentence topic”) in natu- rally occurring data. In the present paper, we will take a closer look at the annotation of “aboutness topics” (also known as “sentence topics”) in naturally occurring data.


id: dad-10772
author: Zeyrek, Deniz ; Demirşahin, Işın ; Çallı, Ayışığı B. Sevdik
title: Turkish Discourse Bank: Porting a discourse annotation style to a morphologically rich language
date: 2013
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5841
sentence: 313
flesch: 57
cache: cache/dad-10772.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10772.txt
summary:
  TURKISH DISCOURSE BANK 175 and takes discourse connectives as discourse-level predicates with a binary argument structure (Prasad et al., 2007). In creating a bank of discourse based on connectives, we do not claim that discourse connectives are the only means establishing coherence; we merely take them as the basic elements of discourse which make coherence relations salient.


id: dad-10737
author: Tosun, Sümeyra ; Vaid, Jyotsna
title: Source vs. Stance: On the Relationship between Evidential and Modal Expressions
date: 2018
pages: 35
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 16671
sentence: 951
flesch: 56
cache: cache/dad-10737.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10737.txt
summary:
  Evidential source markers influence people’s reliability and certainty judgments. For source judgments, participants were instructed to decide on the source of information of each sentence based on 4 designated options: Hearsay, Inference, Assumption, and Conjecture.


id: dad-10729
author: Williams, Jason D. ; Raux, Antoine ; Henderson, Matthew
title: The Dialog State Tracking Challenge Series: A Review
date: 2016
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13628
sentence: 760
flesch: 64
cache: cache/dad-10729.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10729.txt
summary:
  3.3 Discriminative models for dialog state tracking In contrast to generative models, discriminative approaches to dialog state tracking compute scores for dialog states with discriminatively trained conditional models of the form b′(s′) Dialog state tracking in situated environments – for example, robots or embodied agents – is also out of scope for this review, but it is noted that dialog state tracking is also used in this setting (Bohus and Horvitz, 2009;


id: dad-10741
author: D’Arcey, J. Trevor; Oraby, Shereen ; Tree, Jean E. Fox
title: Wait Signals Predict Sarcasm in Online Debates
date: 2019
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12828
sentence: 684
flesch: 60
cache: cache/dad-10741.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10741.txt
summary:
  But written sarcasm does have textual cues that are not available for spoken sarcasm, such as exclamation points and question marks, laughter expressions like lol, emoticons like :), and quotation marks, all of which contribute to irony detection (Carvalho, Sarmento, Silva, & De Oliveira, 2009; this study was done in Portuguese). Contextual cues and regional differences may influence generation and perception of spoken sarcasm as well: common ground between interlocutors led to more sarcasm (Caucci & Kreuz, 2002; Clark, 1996), and Southern U.S. participants’ viewed sarcasm as more hurtful (Dress et al., 2008).


id: dad-10786
author: Komatani, Kazunori ; Hotta, Naoki; Sato, Satoshi ; Nakano, Mikio
date: 2017
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8450
sentence: 435
flesch: 58
cache: cache/dad-10786.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10786.txt
title:
  User-Adaptive A Posteriori Restoration for Incorrectly Segmented Utterances in Spoken Dialogue Systems

summary:
  ��/�� 0��# 1234��25 6 �7� �234��25 8%%/��%9 :2��4�2; <7� ;2=>2�� ����; ? ��@7=42 �2>�7 �� 2�� �7��� �� ��>2 A<7� �5������7�B C D7�525 � �7�7@7=���@@E FG�@��2 �7�5���7�H C I@@ =�J2� �� �5J���2 FK��� �7�5���7�H L MN F�@@H �����������; <7� �@7;25 �2;� L MO F2P�@45��= Q <7� �2;�H �����������; <7� ��7;; J�@�5���7� R�%� �� ����$ %� ��/%��� ���� �� 4;2�S; 5��@7=42 �2>�7; :2��4�2; ��5 �2<2�2��2 @�T2@; <7� ;2=>2�� ����; U72<<���2��;F�V TH W2�2 <�P25 �� � 2 2P�2��>2�� ?


id: dad-11372
author: Zeldes, Amir; Liu, Yang
title: A Neural Approach to Discourse Relation Signal Detection
date: 2020
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 16391
sentence: 583
flesch: 45
cache: cache/dad-11372.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11372.txt
summary:
  Amanda Stent Submitted 09/2019; Accepted 02/2020; Published online 07/2020 Abstract Previous data-driven work investigating the types and distributions of discourse relation signals, including discourse markers such as ‘however’ or phrases such as ‘as a result’ has focused on the relative frequencies of signal words within and outside text from each discourse relation. In fact, only about 8.3% of the tokens correctly identified by the model in Table 6 below are of the DM type, whereas about 7.2% of all tokens flagged by human annotators were DMs, meaning that the model frequently matches non-DM items to discourse relation signals (see Performance on Signal Types below).


id: dad-11385
author: Xu, Jun
title: An Analysis of Japanese Sentence-final Particle Yone: Compare Yone and Ne in Response
date: 2021
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8231
sentence: 491
flesch: 68
cache: cache/dad-11385.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11385.txt
summary:
  When speaker G tells her the classmate was not at school yesterday (line 4), speaker B produces in line 5 a response with yone and “a::.” (15) 1 B: → gakkoo kiteru↑ kare school coming he 2 C: In line 11, speaker G supports speaker B’s view that kittens are cute by using ne.


id: dad-10769
author: Louis, Annie ; Nenkova, Ani
title: A corpus of science journalism for analyzing writing quality
date: 2013
pages: 31
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17117
sentence: 839
flesch: 60
cache: cache/dad-10769.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10769.txt
summary:
  For example, we might expect that good science articles are informative and contain more sentences that define and explain aspects of the research. Science articles are also sometimes written as a story and this style of writing creates sentences associated with the narrative and dialog in the story.


id: dad-10777
author: Evers-Vermeul, Jacqueline ; Hoek, Jet ; Scholman, Merel C.J.
title: On Temporality in Discourse Annotation: Theoretical and Practical Considerations
date: 2017
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11801
sentence: 703
flesch: 50
cache: cache/dad-10777.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10777.txt
summary:
  An important difference between causal vs. additive relations and causal vs. temporal relations is that not all causal relations are temporal, and that during the annotation process one would therefore want to be able to attribute these values simultaneously in order to be able to distinguish between temporal causal relations and non-temporal causal relations. This means that temporal relations meet the requirements set by the Cognitive approach of Coherence Relations (CCR) to be considered coherence relations, and that CCR would need a way to distinguish temporal relations within its annotation system.


id: dad-10783
author: Crible, Ludivine ; Cuenca, Maria-Josep
title: Discourse Markers in Speech: Distinctive Features and Corpus Annotation
date: 2017
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9948
sentence: 489
flesch: 52
cache: cache/dad-10783.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10783.txt
summary:
  Besides examples and some corpus-based quantitative findings of the distribution of these features, the paper also provides a review of how existing writing-based frameworks handle (or not) the particular characteristics of spoken DMs. In the following sections, some characteristics of spoken DMs will be discussed and illustrated by naturally-occurring examples taken from DisFrEn, a French-English comparable corpus fully annotated for discourse markers (Crible, 2017b).


id: dad-10742
author: Burmester, Juliane ; Spalek, Katharina ; Wartenburger, Isabell
title: Visual attention-capture cue in depicted scenes fails to modulate online sentence processing
date: 2019
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13197
sentence: 679
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-10742.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10742.txt
summary:
  4.1 Null effect of visual cue on sentence-initial processing Against the background of previous research investigating the interaction of visual cues with linguistic processing, we discuss the absent cue effect of the present study 1) with respect to different aspects of informativity of the visual scene for the comprehension process, and 2) with respect to the different impact of visual cue types (implicit vs. explicit) on sentence comprehension and production. If and when visual cues are integrated into the mental meaning representation of the communicative setting, is still unclear.


id: dad-10754
author: Harbusch, Karin
date: 2011
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10951
sentence: 627
flesch: 60
cache: cache/dad-10754.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10754.txt
title:
  Incremental sentence production inhibits clausal coordinate ellipsis: A treebank study into Dutch and German

summary:
  She only reports one number dealing with CCE types: 83 sentences embodying SGF, i.e., about 1 percent. We adopt the following PSYCHOLINGUISTICALLY MOTIVATED definitions of CCE types.


id: dad-10785
author: Galitsky, Boris
title: Discovering Rhetoric Agreement between a Request and Response
date: 2017
pages: 39
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 18075
sentence: 975
flesch: 50
cache: cache/dad-10785.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10785.txt
summary:
  Rhetorical agreement may be present or absent in an RR pair, and the same applies to the relevance agreement. Some methods of measuring rhetorical agreement include considerations of relevance agreement whereas others do not.


id: dad-11381
author: Ivanova, Iva; Branigan, Holly; McLean, Janet; Costa, Albert; Pickering, Martin
title: Lexical Alignment to Non-native Speakers
date: 2021
pages: 29
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14511
sentence: 648
flesch: 48
cache: cache/dad-11381.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11381.txt
summary:
  Our results from two different language populations suggest that, within the context 166 LEXICAL ALIGNMENT TO NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS of our experiments, audience design led to greater alignment with non-native speakers, but only when communicative success was uncertain (Experiment 1). Together, these results support a role for audience design in alignment to non-native speakers in structured task-based dialogue, but one that is strategically deployed only when deemed necessary.


id: dad-10734
author: Danlos, Laurence ; Rysova, Katerina ; Rysova, Magdalena ; Stede, Manfred
title: Primary and secondary discourse connectives: definitions and lexicons
date: 2018
pages: 29
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14060
sentence: 722
flesch: 58
cache: cache/dad-10734.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10734.txt
summary:
  Therefore, we believe that a systematic treatment of secondary connectives — and having them play a similar role to that of primary connectives — can be highly beneficial for such parsers, because delegating cases like (1b) to the “explicit” module would reduce the number of instances to be handled by the much more ambitious “implicit relation” module. These expressions differ in many ways, and we divide them into three groups following the concept of Rysová and Rysová (2014): primary connectives (4a), henceforth in magenta; secondary connectives (4b-d), in blue; and free connecting phrases (4e), underlined.


id: dad-10782
author: Koca-Helvacı, Zeynep Cihan
title: Boon or Bane? Discursive Construction of the Shale Gas Controversy
date: 2017
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9510
sentence: 475
flesch: 49
cache: cache/dad-10782.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10782.txt
summary:
  The studies mentioned in this section showed that previous linguistic research on shale gas discourse tends to focus on macro-linguistic structures such as frames and storylines whereas micro- KOCA-HELVACI 132 linguistic structures such as lexical choices, agency and argumentative strategies haven’t been studied in much detail. The findings of the study show that the advocates presented shale gas as a bonus for the crisis-struck American society through discourse of altruism and solidarity.


id: dad-11706
author: Zeldes, Amir
date: 2022
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10409
sentence: 446
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-11706.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11706.txt
title:
  Opinion Piece: Can we Fix the Scope for Coreference? Problems and Solutions for Benchmarks beyond OntoNotes

summary:
  But ignoring ‘diffi- cult’ predicate NPs as part of coreference annotation will lead to many gaps in what practitioners using coreference resolution might expect or could harness. And if something is supposed to be recoverable from syntax, this should not move us to exclude it from coreference annotation – oth- erwise we are effectively mandating that any coreference resolution system will also have to tackle syntactic parsing. 3.2 How about semantics?


id: dad-10765
date: 2013
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17653
sentence: 817
flesch: 48
cache: cache/dad-10765.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10765.txt
author:
  Morgan, Jonathan T. ; Oxley, Meghan ; Bender, Emily M. ; Zhu, Liyi ; Gracheva, Varya ; Zachry, Mark 

title:
  Are We There Yet?: The Development of a Corpus Annotated for Social Acts in Multilingual Online Discourse

summary:
  See Table 3 for a breakdown of authority claim annotation across the three languages, and Table 4 for a breakdown of alignment move annotation in English. For example, Hypothesis (ii) below is based on recurring observations by annotators that Mandarin Wikipedia editors tended to not use any explicit negators, but instead used paired conjunctions to indicate the negation.


id: dad-10775
author: Taboada, Maite ; Das, Debopam
title: Annotation upon Annotation: Adding Signalling Information to a Corpus of Discourse Relations
date: 2013
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15404
sentence: 874
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-10775.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10775.txt
summary:
  6 Results Among the 1,304 relations examined, the distribution of signalled relations (indicated either by discourse markers or by some other signal) and unsignalled relations (not indicated by any signal) is provided in Table 4. The detailed, extensive analysis of signals in the corpus can aid research in the automatic parsing of discourse relations.


id: dad-11397
author: Liu, Kris; D'Arcey, J. Trevor; Walker, Marilyn; Fox Tree, Jean
title: Referential Communication Between Friends and Strangers in the Wild
date: 2021
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14856
sentence: 810
flesch: 61
cache: cache/dad-11397.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11397.txt
summary:
  We chose the number of director descriptors instead of other measures (e.g., number of matcher descriptors) because directors’ descriptors were less subject to cell phone reception problems and because director and matcher descriptors were correlated and therefore similar (see Coding section). Research assistants annotated director descriptors, matcher descriptors, and counted the number of turns taken for each piece of target artwork found.


id: dad-10774
author: Riester, Arndt ; Baumann, Stefan
title: Focus Triggers and Focus Types from a Corpus Perspective
date: 2013
pages: 34
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15243
sentence: 974
flesch: 60
cache: cache/dad-10774.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10774.txt
summary:
  In addition to that, the (pairs of) foci may also be called contrastive foci, due to the presence of overt alternatives. This will become clear in Section 4, when we will discuss whether an observed nuclear pitch accent is used to express contrastive focus or not.


id: dad-10767
author: Hardt, Daniel
title: A Uniform Syntax and Discourse Structure: the Copenhagen Dependency Treebanks
date: 2013
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5145
sentence: 297
flesch: 62
cache: cache/dad-10767.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10767.txt
summary:
  While the design of the CDT was motivated by the Uniformity Hypothesis, the actual annotation practice has been more flexible, allowing a mechanism for annotating discourse relations in a way that allows for violations of Uniformity. The inventory of discourse relations in CDT is described in the CDT manual.


id: dad-11391
author: Cokal, Derya; Sturt, Patrick; Ferreira, Fernanda
title: Processing of discourse anaphors by L2 speakers of English
date: 2021
pages: 43
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 25162
sentence: 1371
flesch: 69
cache: cache/dad-11391.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11391.txt
summary:
  Processing of discourse anaphors by Turkish L2 speakers of English Derya Çokal DCOKAL@QMUL.AC.UK School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom Patrick Sturt PATRICK.STURT@ED.AC.UK Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh 7 George Square Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom Fernanda Ferreira FFERREIRA@UCDAVIS.EDU Psychology Department, University of California, Davis 174A Young Hall 1 Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616 Editor: Jonathan Ginzburg Submitted 09/2020; Accepted 07/2021; Published online 08/2021 In Processing of this and that by Turkish L2 speakers 39 anaphors (e.g., this and that) more extensively than do native speakers (Çokal, 2019; Çokal & Ruhi, 2006; Ellert, 2013; Ferris, 1994; Hinkel, 2001; Jin, 2001; Juvonen, 1996; Niimura & Hayashi, 1996; Wilson, Keller, & Sorace, 2009).


id: dad-10738
author: Santana, Andrea ; Spooren, Wilbert ; Nieuwenhuijsen, Dorien ; Sanders, Ted
title: Subjectivity in Spanish Discourse: Explicit and Implicit Causal Relations in Different Text Types
date: 2018
pages: 29
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15816
sentence: 852
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-10738.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10738.txt
summary:
  For example, in French, car (‘for’) and puisque (‘since’) have been recognized as connectives that are used preferentially to express subjective meanings as opposed to parce que (‘because’), that has been identified as a connective that has a more general meaning and a preference to express objective relations (Degand & Pander Maat, 2003; Zufferey, 2012); in Mandarin-Chinese, kĕjian (‘so/therefore’) prefers to express subjective relations, whereas yīn’er (‘as a result’) tends to express objective meanings (Li, et al., 2013; Wei, et al., 2018). See also Note 4. SANTANA, SPOOREN, NIEUWENHUIJSEN AND SANDERS 166 ya que (‘since’) is a connective used preferentially for expressing subjective relations.


id: dad-11388
author: Mertens, Julia Beret ; de Ruiter, J. P.
title: Cognitive and social delays in the initiation of conversational repair
date: 2021
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11149
sentence: 740
flesch: 62
cache: cache/dad-11388.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11388.txt
summary:
  For details on missing data, see our JASP file at https://osf.io/h5ysb/. 4.3 Cognitive Factor Regression We regressed the log-transformed OIR FTO on all cognitive factors (trouble source turn FTO, dis- jointed status, length in both words and duration, average word frequency and syllable rate). In summary, one explanation for the increased OIR FTO after trouble source turns with less discourse context is that the listener needed more time to direct their attention to the trouble source turn.


id: dad-13208
author: Myrendal, Jenny
title: Repair of claimed non-understanding of word meaning in online discussion forum interaction
date: 2025
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13688
sentence: 694
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-13208.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13208.txt
summary:
  Abstract This article describes how participants in online discussion forums manage claimed non- understanding of word meaning, specifically when one participant displays insufficient understanding by requesting meta-linguistic clarification. The analysis of these deviant cases reveals the participants’ own normative orientations in repair of claimed non-understanding of word meaning, and thus provide evidence that there is an underlying organization of repair dealing with such issues in online discussion forum interaction.


id: dad-10766
author: Burstein, Jill ; Tetreault, Joel ; Chodorow, Martin
title: Holistic Discourse Coherence Annotation for Noisy Essay Writing
date: 2013
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10096
sentence: 485
flesch: 50
cache: cache/dad-10766.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10766.txt
summary:
  A system’s precision on high coherence essays, for example, is the number of essays that both the system and the human annotator agreed are “high”, divided by the number of essays that the system labeled “high”. In Section 2, we discuss computational approaches to the evaluation of discourse coherence and related work on annotation methods used to build and evaluate systems for predicting text coherence and readability.


id: dad-10787
author: Poláková, Lucie; Mírovský, Jiˇrí ; Synková, Pavlína
title: Signalling Implicit Relations: A PDTB - RST Comparison
date: 2017
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11570
sentence: 546
flesch: 49
cache: cache/dad-10787.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10787.txt
summary:
  Red arrows/polylines represent RST relations; orange arrows represent implicit discourse relations from the PDTB. A preparatory survey was conducted by hand (18 matches with RST relations detected).


id: dad-12651
author: Maier, Emar
title: Attribution and the discourse structure of reports
date: 2023
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10091
sentence: 531
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-12651.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12651.txt
summary:
  That is what happens in indirect discourse reports, and it is exactly this type of ‘loose’ characterizing that is formalized explicitly in our original formulation of the semantics of ATTRIBUTION in (10). In order to correctly infer coherence (and anaphoric) connections between multi-sentence quotations and derive graph structures like (27), the Glue Logic needs to have some access to the semantic content of quoted discourse units as well as their forms.


id: dad-11387
author: Skalicky, Stephen; Duran, Nicholas; Crossley, Scott A
title: Please, Please, Just Tell Me: The Linguistic Features of Humorous Deception
date: 2020
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11248
sentence: 507
flesch: 48
cache: cache/dad-11387.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11387.txt
summary:
  This may suggest that deceptive BTL stories are therefore more specific or detailed in some regards when compared to the truthful BTL news stories. The fictional narratives that comprise deceptive BTL stories, however, may lack this level of coherence because they rely more heavily on invented situations.


id: dad-11531
title: Characterizing the Response Space of Questions: data and theory
date: 2022
pages: 54
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 22203
sentence: 1284
flesch: 65
cache: cache/dad-11531.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11531.txt
author:
  Jonathan Ginzburg; Zulipiye Yusupujiang; Chuyuan Li; Kexin Ren; Aleksandra Kucharska; Lupkowski, Pawel

summary:
  Our proposed typology identifies also other types of question responses that are not tackled by Berninger’s and Garvey’s proposal. In later work, an interesting typology of question responses was proposed as a result of an ex- tensive 10-language comparative project on question–response sequences in ordinary conversation.


id: dad-13570
author: Seemann, Hannah; Scheffler, Tatjana
title: German Modal Particles as Discourse Signals
date: 2025
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13445
sentence: 823
flesch: 59
cache: cache/dad-13570.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13570.txt
summary:
  Discourse particles “embedded”: German ja in adjectival phrases. Keywords: Modal particles; discourse particles; discourse relations; discourse signals; ja; doch; German 1.


id: dad-11526
author: Miehle, Juliana; Minker, Wolfgang; Ultes, Stefan
title: When to Say What and How: Adapting the Elaborateness and Indirectness of Spoken Dialogue Systems
date: 2022
pages: 40
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17515
sentence: 888
flesch: 49
cache: cache/dad-11526.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11526.txt
summary:
  Analysing the correlation between user and system communication style in human-computer interaction on a multi-lingual data set 4. In Section 4, the corpus used in this work is described and the correlation between user and system communication style is investigated.


id: dad-10733
author: Serban, Iulian Vlad ; Lowe, Ryan ; Henderson, Peter ; Charlin, Laurent ; Pineau, Joelle
title: A Survey of Available Corpora For Building Data-Driven Dialogue Systems: The Journal Version
date: 2018
pages: 49
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 32357
sentence: 1595
flesch: 60
cache: cache/dad-10733.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10733.txt
summary:
  In the area of dialogue systems, the trend is less obvious, and most practical systems are still built through significant engineering and expert knowledge. To facilitate research in this area, we have carried out a wide survey of publicly available datasets suitable for data-driven learning of dialogue systems.


id: dad-13303
author: Baier, Thomas; Báez Santamaría, Selene; Vossen, Piek
date: 2025
pages: 35
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15234
sentence: 828
flesch: 51
cache: cache/dad-13303.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13303.txt
title:
  A modular architecture for creating multimodal embodied agents with an episodic Knowledge Graph as an explainable and controllable long-term memory

summary:
  By analyzing the recorded interaction, we can compare agents and agent components and study their interactive behavior with people and other agents. Evaluating agent interactions through episodic knowledge graphs.


id: dad-10779
author: Scholman, Merel C.J. ; Demberg, Vera
date: 2017
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13209
sentence: 673
flesch: 47
cache: cache/dad-10779.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10779.txt
title:
  Examples and Specifications that Prove a Point: Identifying Elaborative and Argumentative Discourse Relations

summary:
  Related approaches using crowdsourcing for discourse relation annotation have been put forward by Kawahara et al. (2014) and Rohde et al. (2016). 5.2 Methodological remarks on crowdsourcing discourse relation annotations The crowdsourcing method used in the current study was shown to be relatively reliable for acquir- ing discourse annotations: The participants were able to insert the predicted connectives in filler items with high accuracy.


id: dad-10771
author: Versley, Yannick ; Gastel, Anna
title: Linguistic Tests for Discourse Relations
date: 2013
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 16170
sentence: 720
flesch: 47
cache: cache/dad-10771.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10771.txt
summary:
  Modeling the annotation process as tagging each inter-topic boundary with or without a transitional EDU yields a value of κ = 0.85, or a positive specific agreement of F1 = 0.88. 168 LINGUISTIC TESTS FOR DISCOURSE RELATIONS IN TÜBA-D/Z 5.2 Identifying Problematic Areas Table 4 shows the most frequent confusions between discourse relations in cases where different an- notators could agree on a span, but chose different relations, collected over a larger sample of docu- ments annotated by at least two trained annotators. More so than for referential an- notation, discourse relation annotation is rendered difficult by the absence of a general consensus on the underlying linguistic phenomena that should be targeted, as well as by a lack of strong predictions on the possible or permissible interactions between these phenomena.


id: dad-11390
author: Bevacqua, Luca; Loáiciga, Sharid; Rohde, Hannah; Hardmeier, Christian
title: Event and Entity Coreference Across Five Languages: Effects of Context and Referring Expression
date: 2021
pages: 35
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15280
sentence: 774
flesch: 54
cache: cache/dad-11390.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11390.txt
summary:
  The OntoNotes corpus (Pradhan and Xue, 2009), for instance, although the largest in the community, does not include annotations of event entities coreferential with pronouns. Corpora with a richer annotation of event pronouns exist, but are much smaller.


id: dad-11382
author: Hinterwimmer, Stefan; Brocher, Andreas; Patil, Umesh
title: Demonstrative Pronouns as Anti-Logophoric Pronouns: An Experimental Investigation
date: 2020
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10377
sentence: 532
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-11382.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11382.txt
summary:
  In the first model (see Table 1), where Neutral was the reference level, there were significant main effects of sentence type and pronoun type: Narrator-judgement and FID sentences were judged as more native-like than Neutral sentences, and PPros were judged as more native-like than DPros. Estimates for FID and Narrator-judgement show the effect of these two sentence types with respect to sentences in Neutral type; the estimate for Pronoun type shows the effect of PPro with respect to DPro; and estimates for FID : Pronoun type and Narrator-judgement : Pronoun type show the interaction between FID sentences and the type of the pronoun, and Narrator-judgement sentences and the type of the pronoun.


id: dad-12855
author: Mache Asgede, Dagnew
title: Self-Repair in Tigrinya: Trouble Sources, Mechanisms and Solutions
date: 2024
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13848
sentence: 693
flesch: 62
cache: cache/dad-12855.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12855.txt
summary:
  Keywords: Tigrinya, self-repair, trouble sources, repair mechanisms, repair solutions 1 Introduction Linguistic repair refers to addressing any language-related concerns during the development of oral discourse. The third section presents and analyzes the data, focusing on trouble sources, repair mechanisms, and the results of self-repair.


id: dad-10778
author: Prabhakaran, Vinodkumar ; Rambow, Owen
title: Dialog Structure Through the Lens of Gender, Gender Environment, and Power
date: 2017
pages: 35
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15019
sentence: 778
flesch: 55
cache: cache/dad-10778.pdf
txt: txt/dad-10778.txt
summary:
  We expect the SVM-based supervised learning system using quadratic kernel to capture the interdependence between dialog structure features and gender features that we found in our statistical analysis presented in Section 6 and Section 7. This reduction of 2.4% percentage points in accuracy shows that gender features are in fact useful for this power prediction task.


id: dad-11569
author: Sangers, Nina L.; Evers-Vermeul, Jacqueline; Sanders, Ted J.M.; Hoeken, Hans
title: Narrative Elements in Expository Texts: A Corpus Study of Educational Textbooks
date: 2021
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13209
sentence: 767
flesch: 57
cache: cache/dad-11569.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11569.txt
summary:
  Finally, future research could focus on the presumed rationale behind including narrative elements in educational texts: are narrative educational texts indeed more interesting to read and easier to understand than expository educational texts? This strict interpretation excludes educational texts with only one particularized event from a classification as narrative texts.


id: dad-11392
author: Umair, Muhammad; Mertens, Julia Beret; Albert, Saul; de Ruiter, J. P.
title: GailBot: An automatic transcription system for Conversation Analysis
date: 2022
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12119
sentence: 779
flesch: 58
cache: cache/dad-11392.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11392.txt
summary:
  In the Performance section, we compare GailBot transcripts to manual transcripts and those used by Moore (2015), provide an estimate of the transcription time saved by using GailBot, and compare it to existing data annotation systems. In this paper, we use two types of WERs: a strict WER (SWER) and a relaxed WER (RWER), both computed by manually comparing GailBot transcripts to human- produced transcripts.


id: dad-14138
author: Sumida, Ryuichi; Inoue, Koji; Kawahara, Tatsuya
title: Enhancing Long-term RAG Chatbots with Psychological Models of Memory Importance and Forgetting
date: 2025
pages: 37
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13941
sentence: 723
flesch: 48
cache: cache/dad-14138.pdf
txt: txt/dad-14138.txt
summary:
  The forgetting process is executed only after the user finishes a conversation, ensuring that memory importance—calculated using retrieval frequency and other dynamic metrics—reflects the full interaction. MemoryBank assesses the importance of a memory based solely on retrieval counts, whereas LUFY evaluates memory importance using six memory-related metrics, as depicted in Figure 2.


id: dad-13222
author: Meuser, Sara; Hinterwimmer, Stefan; Hörl, Maximilian
date: 2024
pages: 35
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17680
sentence: 922
flesch: 55
cache: cache/dad-13222.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13222.txt
title:
  Perspective-Taking and Protagonist Prominence: An Empirical Approach to the Role of Local and Global Prominence

summary:
  However, her research focusses on the distinction between speaker/narrator and protagonist perspective without taking into account the possibility that multiple protagonists might be available as perspectival centers. We want to clarify at this point that many utterances in FID mode may receive an objective reading by adding “but he/she was not aware of it”.


id: dad-14733
author: Gkatzia, Dimitra; Buschmeier, Hendrik; Foster, Mary Ellen; Strathearn, Carl
title: Embodied Conversational Systems in Human–Robot Interaction: Introduction to the Special Issue
date: 2025
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3007
sentence: 167
flesch: 36
cache: cache/dad-14733.pdf
txt: txt/dad-14733.txt
summary:
  Roles and responsibilities of decision-making components in conversational robots. Hannes Ritschel, Thomas Kiderle, Klaus Weber, and Elisabeth André. Multimodal joke presentation for social robots based on natural-language generation and nonverbal behaviors.


id: dad-12343
author: Marchal, Marian; Scholman, Merel; Demberg, Vera
title: The effect of domain knowledge and implicitation on discourse relation inferences
date: 2022
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14233
sentence: 722
flesch: 48
cache: cache/dad-12343.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12343.txt
summary:
  Non-connective linguistic cues for discourse relations (i.e. words or phrases that tend to co-occur statistically with certain discourse relations) might thus play a role in inferring discourse relations. In addition, if low-knowledge readers’ interpretations are guided by their cognitive biases, it is predicted that these readers will infer more continuous and causal discourse relations than high- knowledge readers.


id: dad-12690
author: Deck, Oliver
title: Bullshit, Pragmatic Deception, and Natural Language Processing
date: 2023
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15868
sentence: 966
flesch: 60
cache: cache/dad-12690.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12690.txt
summary:
  The next chapter will discuss some limitations and caveats of this detailed annotation process for bullshit examples. This paper aims to introduce bullshitology into the field of NLP by tying it to questions in a QUD-based definition, providing two approaches to bullshit annotation, and finally outlining which combinations of NLP methods will be helpful to classify which kinds of linguistic bullshit.


id: dad-11402
author: Schwab, Juliane; Liu, Mingya
date: 2020
pages: 36
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17244
sentence: 967
flesch: 61
cache: cache/dad-11402.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11402.txt
title:
  Lexical and contextual cue effects in discourse expectations: Experimenting with German 'zwar...aber' and English 'true/sure...but'

summary:
  In particular, we used a self-paced reading task with subsequent naturalness ratings to answer two questions: First, do discourse cues generate an expectation that facilitates processing the dis- course connective (e.g. but), as indexed by reduced reading times? Our study thus provides evidence that the joint presence of discourse cues from multiple linguistic sources can act as cumulative facilitators of discourse processing.


id: dad-12650
author: Wu, Nien-Heng; Tseng, Shu-Chuan
title: Form and Function of Connectives in Chinese Conversational Speech
date: 2023
pages: 37
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 16035
sentence: 826
flesch: 59
cache: cache/dad-12650.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12650.txt
summary:
  Durational cues of the preceding context enable distinguishing Sentential use from discourse uses of Conclusion, Elaboration, and Resumption of connectives. Moreover, they noted that discourse uses of alors was almost never followed by a silent pause.


id: dad-13355
author: Ludusan, Bogdan; Wagner, Petra
title: Laughter use by virtual agents increases task success
date: 2025
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8091
sentence: 384
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-13355.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13355.txt
summary:
  Experiments to quantify the effect of agent laughter use on the perception of the agent by their human interlocutor or on the overall interaction have also been conducted. 1. https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech 11 LUDUSAN AND WAGNER During the recording session, the experimenter played through loudspeakers the line corresponding to the agent (laughter condition) and the speaker would respond with the appropriate line.


id: dad-11537
author: Polakova, Lucie; Mírovský, Jiří; Zikánová, Šárka; Hajičová, Eva
title: Discourse Relations and Connectives in Higher Text Structure
date: 2021
pages: 37
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 18336
sentence: 840
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-11537.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11537.txt
summary:
  4.1 – configurations of pairs of discourse relations, a study carried out on the basis of a similar research by the PDTB group and, like this study, contributing to the debate on acceptable “shapes” of an interconnected coherence representation of a text; 4.2 – hierarchies of nested discourse relations – a study that reveals if local discourse relations, without having the underlying assumption of hierar- chy, also exhibit some type of hierarchical structure; 4.3 – paragraph-initial senses and connectives, a survey on cross-paragraph coherence in comparison to intra-paragraph settings; and 4.4 – rela- tions with large arguments, as these are rather unexpected/unusual in local settings and can denote possible non-elementary units of higher text structuring.11 4.1 Configurations of Close Relation Pairs For this part of the analysis, and also for the subsequent one described in 4.2, we take advantage of the fact that the corpora used in the PDTB and our studies are comparable in many aspects (as mentioned earlier) and also contain a similar number of annotated discourse relations (approx. Nodes represent individual clauses, root nodes refer to individual sentences, semantic types of discourse relations are highlighted in orange, connectives in green.


id: dad-12743
author: Hu, Junfei; Degand, Liesbeth
date: 2023
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 16514
sentence: 984
flesch: 52
cache: cache/dad-12743.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12743.txt
title:
  The Conversational Discourse Unit: Identification and Its Role in Conversational Turn-taking Management

summary:
  Following the training, an inter-coder reliability check was performed for 25% (28 minutes) of the conversations, yielding Cohen kappa’s reliability scores of 0.84 for turn-taking identification, 0.91 for the identification of syntactic units and 0.94 for pragmatic units, indicating almost perfect agreement for turn-taking annotation and the identification of syntactic and pragmatic units (Landis & Koch, 1977). Keywords: Discourse segmentation, discourse unit, corpus analysis, pragmatic unit, turn-taking 1 Introduction The linear unfolding of (spontaneous) speech results from a combination of different cognitive encoding and decoding processes (e.g. Auer, 2005; Clark, 1996; Pickering & Garrod, 2021).


id: dad-11528
author: Komatani, Kazunori; Ono, Kohei; Takeda, Ryu; Nichols, Eric; Nakano, Mikio
title: User Impressions of System Questions to Acquire Lexical Knowledge during Dialogues
date: 2022
pages: 27
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12244
sentence: 796
flesch: 57
cache: cache/dad-11528.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11528.txt
summary:
  USER IMPRESSIONS OF SYSTEM QUESTIONS TO ACQUIRE LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE certain task-oriented dialogue systems can also engage in non-task-oriented dialogues (Lee et al., 2009; Dingli and Scerri, 2013; Kobori et al., 2016; Papaioannou and Lemon, 2017) because such dialogues are expected to build rapport (Bickmore and Picard, 2005; Lucas et al., 2018) between users and systems. 98 USER IMPRESSIONS OF SYSTEM QUESTIONS TO ACQUIRE LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE User impression data were collected by an experiment in which crowdsourced workers partici- pated in dialogue sessions, which involved three short interactions with a dialogue system.


id: dad-12448
author: Kumar, Yaman; Parekh, Swapnil; Singh, Somesh; Li, Junyi Jessy; Shah, Rajiv Ratn; Chen, Changyou
date: 2023
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13301
sentence: 776
flesch: 55
cache: cache/dad-12448.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12448.txt
title:
  Automatic Essay Scoring Systems Are Both Overstable And Oversensitive: Explaining Why And Proposing Defenses

summary:
  While previous studies indicate that scoring models can be easily fooled, in this paper, we explore the reason be- hind their surprising adversarial brittleness. 4 shows that scoring models do not have the ability to check such common sense.


id: dad-12943
author: Di Maro, Maria; Origlia, Antonio; Cutugno, Francesco
date: 2024
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14100
sentence: 633
flesch: 48
cache: cache/dad-12943.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12943.txt
title:
  Common Ground inconsistencies in dialogue systems: conflict patterns implied by polar question forms

summary:
  More in detail, the following research questions will be investigated: • Main question: Does linguistic feedback in the form of different polar questions influence the capability of people to identify the cause of reported Common Ground inconsistencies? • Secondary question: Do different polar question forms influence the speed with which people take decisions when searching for the cause of reported Common Ground inconsistencies? More specifically, we investigated the following research questions: 139 DI MARO, ORIGLIA, CUTUGNO • Main question: Does linguistic feedback in the form of different polar questions influence the capability of people to identify the cause of reported common ground inconsistencies? • Secondary question: Do different polar question forms influence the speed with which people take decisions when searching for the cause of reported Common Ground inconsistencies?


id: dad-12914
author: Tskhovrebova, Ekaterina; Zufferey, Sandrine; Gygax, Pascal
date: 2023
pages: 34
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 16385
sentence: 759
flesch: 50
cache: cache/dad-12914.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12914.txt
title:
  Exploring the Sensitivity to Alternative Signals of Coherence Relations: The Case of French Speaking Teenagers

summary:
  For instance, assessing the interaction between non-connective list signals, additive and consequence connectives for readers’ propensity to generate inferences of list relations would enable us to evaluate whether these relations are still inferred from non-connective signals. In order to explore this relation further, we will extend the study of non-connective list signals on a younger population, who has even less linguistic experience than adults and is probably still acquiring a sensitivity to such signals.


id: dad-13549
author: Cokal, Derya; Von Heusinger, Klaus
title: German Demonstrative Pronouns in Contrast
date: 2024
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15116
sentence: 915
flesch: 55
cache: cache/dad-13549.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13549.txt
summary:
  Given this experimental design, the presence or absence of topic contrast in the previous context would lead to an interaction (all other things being equal) between contrast type and anaphora type, due to the prediction of a difference between (4b) and (4d) and the absence of a contrast effect in (4a) and (4c). However, since the full model did not converge, we reduced the fixed random effect for items and ran the following model instead: Response ~ (1 | subject) + (1|item) + contrast type * anaphora type The intercept was significant (β = 2.27, SE = .258, z = 8.18) and the analysis revealed main effects of anaphora and contrast type (Anaphora: β = -0.366, SE = .180, z = -2.039, p = .041; OR = 0.67, SE = .12, p = .024; Contrast type: β = -0.406, SE = .180, z = -2.249; p = .024; OR = 0.69, SE = .14, p = .041).


id: dad-11518
author: Ultes, Stefan; Maier, Wolfgang
title: User Satisfaction Reward Estimation Across Domains: Domain-independent Dialogue Policy Learning
date: 2021
pages: 34
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15869
sentence: 764
flesch: 4
cache: cache/dad-11518.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11518.txt
summary:
  Relevant Related Work Most of previous work on dialogue policy learning focuses on employing task success as the main reward signal (Gašić and Young, 2014; Gašić et al., 2014; Lemon and Pietquin, 2007; Daubigney et al., 2012; Levin and Pieraccini, 1997; Singh et al., 2002; Young et al., 2013; Su et al., 2015, 2016). This would mean that it would be less suitable to be applied to dialogue policy learning for different domains.


id: dad-13603
author: Brenna, Sofia; Jezek, Elisabetta; Magnini, Bernardo
title: Investigating Proactivity in Task-Oriented Dialogues
date: 2025
pages: 37
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 18025
sentence: 959
flesch: 53
cache: cache/dad-13603.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13603.txt
summary:
  While this definition has the merit to relate proactivity with information content, which can be some- how located (i.e., annotated), it requires that proactive units (Balaraman and Magnini, 2020a) are exactly located within dialogue utterances, making the annotation effort excessively complex. We develop an annotation scheme and the guidelines to label the presence of proactivity in dialogue utterances and turns, and to tag the dialogue act displayed by proactive utterances.


id: dad-11686
author: Norman, Utku; Dinkar, Tanvi; Bruno, Barbara; Clavel, Chloé
date: 2022
pages: 48
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 22371
sentence: 1116
flesch: 57
cache: cache/dad-11686.pdf
txt: txt/dad-11686.txt
title:
  Studying Alignment in a Collaborative Learning Activity via Automatic Methods: The Link Between What We Say and Do

summary:
  We investigate how these local alignment contexts could build to a function of dialogue level task success. We believe that this captures some local level alignment patterns that might have otherwise been overlooked when only considering dialogue level task success.


id: dad-14205
author: Härtl, Holden
title: Calling things by their names: Towards a unified account for name-informing and mixed quotation
date: 2025
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8375
sentence: 523
flesch: 57
cache: cache/dad-14205.pdf
txt: txt/dad-14205.txt
summary:
  This paper explores the semantic connection between mixed quotation and name-informing quotation, proposing a unified account for both. While mixed quotation combines direct quotation with indirect reporting, name-informing quotation highlights the linguistic shape of a concept’s conventionalized name.


id: dad-13683
author: Jasinskaja, Katja; Zickenheiner, Frank
title: Speech acts that support other speech acts
date: 2025
pages: 34
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 18646
sentence: 1002
flesch: 59
cache: cache/dad-13683.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13683.txt
summary:
  There is a vast theoretical tradition that recognises the central role of speech act goals in the structuring of discourse, most notably Grosz and Sidner (1986), as well as Roberts (1996) and Ginzburg (2012) with questions under discussion as a specific conceptualisation of goals. Clark’s levels of action are a more useful framework for mapping the entire space of speech act goals because it takes the state of the addressee systematically into account.


id: dad-14300
author: Dipper , Stefanie; Zinsmeister, Heike; Webber, Bonnie
date: 2025
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4527
sentence: 238
flesch: 44
cache: cache/dad-14300.pdf
txt: txt/dad-14300.txt
title:
  Beyond semantics: the challenges of annotating pragmatic and discourse phenomena : Introduction to the special issue

summary:
  The evalua- tion of inter-annotation agreement shows that the task is more feasible for certain discourse relations and more subjective for others. The article by Thora Tenbrink, Kathleen Eberhard, Hui Shi, Sandra Kübler & Matthias Scheutz: “Annotation of negotiation processes in joint action dialogues” discuss another type of dialogue act annotation in terms of annotating activity coordination and goal negotiation pro- cesses, as well as belief states of the participants in dialogues that are conducted in course of a joint action.


id: dad-12660
author: Paun, Silviu; Yu, Juntao; Moosavi, Nafise Sadat; Poesio, Massimo
title: Scoring Coreference Chains with Split-Antecedent Anaphors
date: 2023
pages: 48
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 24106
sentence: 1064
flesch: 56
cache: cache/dad-12660.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12660.txt
summary:
  Split-antecedent anaphoric references are rarer compared to single entity anaphoric references, at least for the case of plural split antecedent references (split discourse deictic references are much more common). Before introducing the proposed extensions to additionally evaluate split-antecedent references, we briefly discuss in this Section the metrics standardly used to evaluate single antecedent reference and their existing definitions.


id: dad-12606
author: Rieser, Hannes
title: Multi-modal Anaphora and Broadcasting of Information by Gestural Post-holds
date: 2024
pages: 49
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 24430
sentence: 1806
flesch: 66
cache: cache/dad-12606.pdf
txt: txt/dad-12606.txt
summary:
  Agent(4) adds multi-modal information and sends the multi-modal Δi (doorway’(i), of’(i,a), λx(arch’(x))(a), small-arch(a)) out. For handling independent gesture information co-operating with speech information as in the arch’ and small arch case we need a communication vehicle, served by lY’s output-input agents.


id: dad-14159
author: PREVOT, Laurent; Muller, Philippe
date: 2025
pages: 39
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 16132
sentence: 949
flesch: 56
cache: cache/dad-14159.pdf
txt: txt/dad-14159.txt
title:
  A Few Shades of Supervision for Discourse Segmentation: Experiments on a French conversational corpus

summary:
  4.4 Discussion The key finding of our experiments on French conversations is that simple fine-tuning on gold labels performs well for elementary discourse unit segmentation. In a broader context, as discussed in Section 2, this paper provides a global view of the avail- able strategies for elementary discourse unit segmentation on spontaneous speech transcripts.


id: dad-13830
author: Nguyen, Allison; Fox Tree, Jean
title: Pragmatic uses of I don’t know, boosters, and hedges in text and talk
date: 2025
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12754
sentence: 752
flesch: 68
cache: cache/dad-13830.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13830.txt
summary:
  We predict that storytelling chit-chat will more closely resemble naturalistic conversation (the chat portions of the Artwalk and IM corpora) than task conversation (the task portions of the Artwalk and IM corpora) for I don’t know. However, there was a difference in the number of I dunnos used in task related conversation, with more I dunnos in friend dyads working on tasks compared to dyads of strangers (t(25.45) = 2.37, p = .03).


id: dad-13255
title: Digging Communicative Intentions: The Case of Crises Events
date: 2024
pages: 44
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 20028
sentence: 1154
flesch: 55
cache: cache/dad-13255.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13255.txt
author:
  Benamara, Farah; Mari , Alda; Meunier, Romain; Moriceau, Véronique; Moudjari, Leila; Tinarrage, Valentin

summary:
  Detecting urgency status of crisis tweets: A transfer learning approach for low resource languages. In particular, we explore the correlations between SA vs. urgency, SA vs. intention to act categories as well as SA vs. the types of crises for both levels of SA annotations.


id: dad-13353
author: Kennington, Casey; Lison, Pierre; Schlangen, David
title: Prior Lessons of Incremental Dialogue and Robot Action Management for the Age of Language Models
date: 2025
pages: 35
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17511
sentence: 908
flesch: 50
cache: cache/dad-13353.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13353.txt
summary:
  We find that there is very little research on incremental dialogue management, offer some requirements for practical incremental dialogue management, and implications of incremental dialogue for embod- ied, robotic platforms in the age of large language models. Evaluating the potential utility of ASR N-best lists for incremental spoken dialogue systems.


id: dad-13359
author: Walker, Nicholas Thomas; Ultes, Stefan; Lison, Pierre
title: A Graph-to-Text Approach to Knowledge-Grounded Response Generation in Human–Robot Interaction
date: 2025
pages: 36
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17146
sentence: 927
flesch: 47
cache: cache/dad-13359.pdf
txt: txt/dad-13359.txt
summary:
  Moreover, GNNs also face difficulties when aggregating information across long paths in graphs, an “over-squashing” of graph information explored by Alon and Yahav (2020). This work did not however investigate the use of a natural language transformation of the graph, 67 WALKER, ULTES AND LISON relying instead on a text document constructed of structured representations of graph information in a similar manner to the semantic triples model employed in our experiments.


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id: dad-12448
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id: dad-12448
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id: dad-11686
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  https://cloud.google.com/python/docs/reference/speech/latest/google.cloud.speech_v1p1beta1.types.speechcontext?hl=en


id: dad-12660
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id: dad-12606
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eid: 9
type: PERSON
entity:
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id: dad-11518
sid: 182
eid: 10
type: ORG
entity:
  v2nyp5uvtst7jcifxxx2n5p/2co9pif0dbv5jf6/pyn8wfm795n+0e9coxeeq+as1hr5ywae0div+/ypujnndw==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="n2atwvtb8o5llvte8ozt847kyay=">aaahshiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya8sjlxfperk0sgispfzqqtyakncb1fsr7wwse18iexmsrpwkr/


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
eid: 1
type: GPE
entity:
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id: dad-11518
sid: 183
eid: 5
type: PERSON
entity:
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id: dad-12743
sid: 647
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://doi.org/10.1080/016909697386718 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.09.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104347 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12881


id: dad-12743
sid: 647
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(75)80006-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.01.015 https://www.italian-journal-linguistics.com/app/uploads/2021/05/6_coulsonlovett.pdf


id: dad-12743
sid: 696
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-011842 https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0130 https://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/research/santa-barbara-corpus#access


id: dad-12743
sid: 752
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://scholarworks.umass.edu/nels/vol32/iss1/8?utm_source=scholarworks.umass.edu%2fnels%2fvol32%2fiss1%2f8&utm_medium=pdf&utm_campaign=pdfcoverpages https://scholarworks.umass.edu/nels/vol32/iss1/8?utm_source=scholarworks.umass.edu%2fnels%2fvol32%2fiss1%2f8&utm_medium=pdf&utm_campaign=pdfcoverpages https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1461445604039438 https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.6.3.07for


id: dad-12743
sid: 753
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120068 https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/2579648 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.08.025


id: dad-10738
sid: 253
eid: 4
type: ORG
entity:
  pues las cifras de inmigrantes europeos que decidieron establecerse en el país durante la emigración masiva fueron


id: dad-13359
sid: 873
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2017/file/3f5ee243547dee91fbd053c1c4a845aa-paper.pdf https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2017/file/3f5ee243547dee91fbd053c1c4a845aa-paper.pdf


id: dad-11686
sid: 19
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  mailto:barbara.bruno@epfl.ch https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-3398 mailto:chloe.clavel@telecom-paris.fr http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4627104 http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4627104


id: dad-11686
sid: 937
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  http://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420080204 http://doi.org/10.1145/3395035.3425200 http://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man47096.2020.9223343 http://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man47096.2020.9223343


id: dad-13255
sid: 1080
eid: 6
type: DATE
entity:
  43 https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.456 https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.456 https://aclanthology.org/2020.coling-main.414 https://aclanthology.org/2020.coling-main.414


id: dad-13255
sid: 1127
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://aclanthology.org/s19-1030 https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/98553 https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/98553


id: dad-10733
sid: 847
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.reddit.com/r/datasets/comments/3bxlg7/i_have_every_publicly_available_reddit_comment/ https://www.reddit.com/r/datasets/comments/3bxlg7/i_have_every_publicly_available_reddit_comment/ serban


id: dad-12660
sid: 1
eid: 8
type: ORG
entity:
  sadat moosavi n.s.moosavi@sheffield.ac.uk department of computer science university of sheffield massimo poesio m.poesio@qmul.ac.uk school of electronic


id: dad-12660
sid: 1069
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://aclanthology.org/p92-1013 https://aclanthology.org/p92-1013 https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/q18-1042


id: dad-12660
sid: 1069
eid: 4
type: ORG
entity:
  https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.coling-main.315 https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.coling-main.538 https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.lrec-1.2 https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.lrec-1.2


id: dad-11537
sid: 620
eid: 1
type: QUANTITY
entity:
  27 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01638539709545006 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01638539709545006 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-010-0019-2_5 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-010-0019-2_5


id: dad-11537
sid: 620
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/c14-1089.pdf https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/2579648 https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/2579648 poláková


id: dad-11537
sid: 658
eid: 1
type: QUANTITY
entity:
  28 http://hdl.handle.net/11234/1-2621 http://hdl.handle.net/11234/1-2621 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0301_4 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0301_4


id: dad-11537
sid: 770
eid: 2
type: QUANTITY
entity:
  31 https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/ldc2005t08 https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/ldc2005t08 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2fs10579-019-09445-9 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2fs10579-019-09445-9


id: dad-12606
sid: 1456
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://makino.linguist.univ-parisdiderot.fr/files/hpsg2010/file/abstracts/hpsg/alahverdzhieva-lascarides-hpsg2010.pdf katya alahverdzhieva


id: dad-12606
sid: 1615
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228712984_itri-003_introduction_varieties_of_anaphora jeremy kuhn


# pos

id: dad-10739
sid: 493
tid: 9
pos: PROPN
token:
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lemma:
  washingtonpost.com/news/food/wp/2018/02/05/doritos-is-developing-lady-friendly-chipsbecause-apparently-you-should-never-hear-a-woman-crunch/?utm_term=.f0f41dcb8328


id: dad-11392
sid: 501
tid: 10
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/new-features-models-and-languages-for-speech-to-text/

lemma:
  https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/new-features-models-and-languages-for-speech-to-text/


id: dad-10785
sid: 756
tid: 17
pos: NOUN
token:
  https://github.com/bgalitsky/relevance-based-on-parsetrees/blob/master/examples/ultimatedeception.xls

lemma:
  https://github.com/bgalitsky/relevance-based-on-parsetrees/blob/master/examples/ultimatedeception.xls


id: dad-10765
sid: 89
tid: 14
pos: SPACE
token:
                                                                                                                  

lemma:
                                                                                                                  


id: dad-12743
sid: 752
tid: 2
pos: VERB
token:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 150 characters]

lemma:
  https://scholarworks.umass.edu/nels/vol32/iss1/8?utm_source=scholarworks.umass.edu%2fnels%2fvol32%2fiss1%2f8&utm_medium=pdf&utm_campaign=pdfcoverpage


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 16
pos: PROPN
token:
  sha1_base64="n+scoifw9ma0psnb8fvtoffztow=">aaahsxiclvxlbtnafl1tig3dq4ufczyraresteoceiwjtsawiao0bawmqryzsa34edlocld6dwzhm

lemma:
  sha1_base64="n+scoifw9ma0psnb8fvtoffztow=">aaahsxiclvxlbtnafl1tig3dq4ufczyraresteoceiwjtsawiao0bawmqryzsa34edlocld6dwzhm


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 22
pos: NOUN
token:
  vizty1he3uizrouri7ozy+lffbahtewfroktoxapt2s3bmiko6g0njnyp66xytlmuylaoakfe+tr3n3j3qufn8smihrmkykmiskmghbhpqejl6kj3sgl0asrb1hwduwhyhqwulaxoo3i3mtvrwg9z5gwfbcglgycaskhbef4kowlr9qoghxj/4pksuvzmd4kwc4qdjcyy14txdfqrncfiedlvlsnyfim5q4ha9fyysrffvzscpzxi2cnkaf1hvor0qizb4dbl3kcfpix1rmbvhjiujemmrkngjsyezjtaf2dk6nm8s7nrw86a9kz6fnnjwbd0z0ppgqp3oen7zh6g2b8fugldjj1kyblcamhofyubtzka/+nzpmuuml2md3qa62furmsqxj73wkt3rdbde

lemma:
  vizty1he3uizrouri7ozy+lffbahtewfroktoxapt2s3bmiko6g0njnyp66xytlmuylaoakfe+tr3n3j3qufn8smihrmkykmiskmghbhpqejl6kj3sgl0asrb1hwduwhyhqwulaxoo3i3mtvrwg9z5gwfbcglgycaskhbef4kowlr9qoghxj/4pksuvzmd4kwc4qdjcyy14txdfqrncfiedlvlsnyfim5q4ha9fyysrffvzscpzxi2cnkaf1hvor0qizb4dbl3kcfpix1rmbvhjiujemmrkngjsyezjtaf2dk6nm8s7nrw86a9kz6fnnjwbd0z0ppgqp3oen7zh6g2b8fugldjj1kyblcamhofyubtzka/+nzpmuuml2md3qa62furmsqxj73wkt3rdbde


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 32
pos: NOUN
token:
  pennh2peo1jp5wmrs2sc63ivmitnhpb9lpgesc2g772zed4kk+tzdvjbiu7lvx+4v83plytkwwerh7la9zlygy5bpbnenpmrfqhld5hi+p5w4ups6h8rsz6otvy4a

lemma:
  pennh2peo1jp5wmrs2sc63ivmitnhpb9lpgesc2g772zed4kk+tzdvjbiu7lvx+4v83plytkwwerh7la9zlygy5bpbnenpmrfqhld5hi+p5w4ups6h8rsz6otvy4a


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 751
pos: PROPN
token:
  sha1_base64="dm0ohcfw8to97akszqezcqu4j9a=">aaahthiclvvlb9naej62klbh1ckba5eitagjwiubcy6rwhaheawanljtidvzpfb8igwnofj9e1zhn3hnf3adjl4zb0it51fs2ts7o983r13b7dp2gjvkp5awv65cza2ureevxb9x89bg5u2j0o8flqpzvumhddmilwn7qhbzkapq3uazrumoy7ozx+vhfrwetu8droouonwntme3bmuioko3qr8vuub8cany2i3jvcgkzs0usv8h

lemma:
  sha1_base64="dm0ohcfw8to97akszqezcqu4j9a=">aaahthiclvvlb9naej62klbh1ckba5eitagjwiubcy6rwhaheawanljtidvzpfb8igwnofj9e1zhn3hnf3adjl4zb0it51fs2ts7o983r13b7dp2gjvkp5awv65cza2ureevxb9x89bg5u2j0o8flqpzvumhddmilwn7qhbzkapq3uazrumoy7ozx+vhfrwetu8droouonwntme3bmuioko3qr8vuub8cany2i3jvcgkzs0usv8h


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 753
pos: PROPN
token:
  ubkxwpqk3yyqecukfioguyqqshueyptibrqnvicxqdjlnvf55qhtgcrbqsd2g7ebcxotnbdndldqvvw4uajgczqnp6xwmjcmr0qychg33g+i64900mizbzhakmjxnvhfan9rgewwir0teuwlsviziqifj2xbgze1xun52mnepaxekdxkzucvrdlnjhmmfdraq9jdrfwlycmbcm4idgquqmlpxkn8auyufocz+zs2razod2tpsx0wnyt3dlqusbofwjsprofyfzvgvtceemneligkfqyc8vi4jom5v/4homyk0yv6qmdwnoylsuzkrhnprbpfzh18b58ptqgoj3irmc5cuyd8

lemma:
  ubkxwpqk3yyqecukfioguyqqshueyptibrqnvicxqdjlnvf55qhtgcrbqsd2g7ebcxotnbdndldqvvw4uajgczqnp6xwmjcmr0qychg33g+i64900mizbzhakmjxnvhfan9rgewwir0teuwlsviziqifj2xbgze1xun52mnepaxekdxkzucvrdlnjhmmfdraq9jdrfwlycmbcm4idgquqmlpxkn8auyufocz+zs2razod2tpsx0wnyt3dlqusbofwjsprofyfzvgvtceemneligkfqyc8vi4jom5v/4homyk0yv6qmdwnoylsuzkrhnprbpfzh18b58ptqgoj3irmc5cuyd8


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 759
pos: NOUN
token:
  sfzwen+lqlyw2xcwwtdido8ct3s7kkv59osacxey4izhs2wrfuvabnxaanbjhmrszzu4d3ov0s08ypcwpo+f2e0c6l6jaonvcygtazzbwiwolpc84f0eia5p7bdfnzkh3iszxpmeymujxtt3p4ip3c+llorzv7epstd1kuibpnsdud4muatmuftnsfl47kd+anzotztlpr62xjgd1oe

lemma:
  sfzwen+lqlyw2xcwwtdido8ct3s7kkv59osacxey4izhs2wrfuvabnxaanbjhmrszzu4d3ov0s08ypcwpo+f2e0c6l6jaonvcygtazzbwiwolpc84f0eia5p7bdfnzkh3iszxpmeymujxtt3p4ip3c+llorzv7epstd1kuibpnsdud4muatmuftnsfl47kd+anzotztlpr62xjgd1oe


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 815
pos: PROPN
token:
  sha1_base64="nsg+j195rswuhn+ojsfa//qlfnm=">aaahpniclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0qbk0sgispfzkqtxwkda0fu1fbwetwvelsjchwepf8ar

lemma:
  sha1_base64="nsg+j195rswuhn+ojsfa//qlfnm=">aaahpniclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0qbk0sgispfzkqtxwkda0fu1fbwetwvelsjchwepf8ar


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 819
pos: PROPN
token:
  wwjnxpjrxlq0te2dn55y57dp2x3njxsz+wvhcunhzvm55zfx2nbv37q+tpzimw27kqkotemf0zfux8txavbwrpxxuiztl256q2e0kr9d6kordmdjqg4468a1w4dzdx9jqfa1bwquaxw9rhejoua58vigzoudm2g

lemma:
  wwjnxpjrxlq0te2dn55y57dp2x3njxsz+wvhcunhzvm55zfx2nbv37q+tpzimw27kqkotemf0zfux8txavbwrpxxuiztl256q2e0kr9d6kordmdjqg4468a1w4dzdx9jqfa1bwquaxw9rhejoua58vigzoudm2g


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 821
pos: PROPN
token:
  xlypupwaf5fcxffiukibskuux7mmquze60j1qal0eyzv1ree0cmwxvgowfrrtvfuyhrttgdlzxoj24mxdewgzp008b4trhjv7vzbjjh

lemma:
  xlypupwaf5fcxffiukibskuux7mmquze60j1qal0eyzv1ree0cmwxvgowfrrtvfuyhrttgdlzxoj24mxdewgzp008b4trhjv7vzbjjh


id: dad-11518
sid: 175
tid: 825
pos: PROPN
token:
  bbda6qhrjg5wgfgg4wrwvgeek1nsjih9i3lmjb5sm5ku5nestyu4uuihvn0lnj2sbjb15avpl0wyxy4bjn3uieayxurcjwhdhnjuihrklejs2aylfbfgln6hm/07fqws6a9kz716zmso6azsxsn0xvqph1mp8pspwkpheflpxjyxpcamhpf+sangc31+fjwjh5xqneuxclqr8frye7xhe0dfaedwa+z9awcsux572qz37iepoppltpqqkd2bcsdyr9cxx5y+vzwltgeqx53

lemma:
  bbda6qhrjg5wgfgg4wrwvgeek1nsjih9i3lmjb5sm5ku5nestyu4uuihvn0lnj2sbjb15avpl0wyxy4bjn3uieayxurcjwhdhnjuihrklejs2aylfbfgln6hm/07fqws6a9kz716zmso6azsxsn0xvqph1mp8pspwkpheflpxjyxpcamhpf+sangc31+fjwjh5xqneuxclqr8frye7xhe0dfaedwa+z9awcsux572qz37iepoppltpqqkd2bcsdyr9cxx5y+vzwltgeqx53


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 19
pos: PROPN
token:
  sha1_base64="csy7gs5uzwasyvtgepdhtbwldig=">aaahoxiclvxbbtnaej22qnpwa+grl4i0ehk0sgispezkqscbckvpkzuvsp1naswxyn6ubcvfwct8gv

lemma:
  sha1_base64="csy7gs5uzwasyvtgepdhtbwldig=">aaahoxiclvxbbtnaej22qnpwa+grl4i0ehk0sgispezkqscbckvpkzuvsp1naswxyn6ubcvfwct8gv


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 25
pos: PROPN
token:
  qbg7bdswnvapptel9bbny2ivjvcgkzsmuyvz1cgutrk1quugo9cknrqfpyb5zfom+ptkvqafdgsxqrzbcwvc0ojywfvgpwfjqdvhuyhzqtahmzbkl2oexd08ezif28lwtrhvw7fvbjjh+xfnddj25hhjh5gihgg0wbgjjj+g1ncnigdi3lunylim5k01teipzuiivjxro07nk2cdkbf1xvgr0viw74lblfoekbbgbiicrpgyosmytjjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed45mfxgz0f7bn0auavzn0xny2la4zehybtm

lemma:
  qbg7bdswnvapptel9bbny2ivjvcgkzsmuyvz1cgutrk1quugo9cknrqfpyb5zfom+ptkvqafdgsxqrzbcwvc0ojywfvgpwfjqdvhuyhzqtahmzbkl2oexd08ezif28lwtrhvw7fvbjjh+xfnddj25hhjh5gihgg0wbgjjj+g1ncnigdi3lunylim5k01teipzuiivjxro07nk2cdkbf1xvgr0viw74lblfoekbbgbiicrpgyosmytjjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed45mfxgz0f7bn0auavzn0xny2la4zehybtm


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 31
pos: ADJ
token:
  ct9+o8hpvtvg0uocnxiugl2aftf5wrm+rmkym+vkw9t1giq4u3ouwfprtiftktjibobnapybeu0vymwcu0wsewyedhp4y7ek3xfrls4wm086xt5rrvxqtckelbfxngmtl4tzgj0ins+le4pjefudtzpruyqqpj5ixn

lemma:
  ct9+o8hpvtvg0uocnxiugl2aftf5wrm+rmkym+vkw9t1giq4u3ouwfprtiftktjibobnapybeu0vymwcu0wsewyedhp4y7ek3xfrls4wm086xt5rrvxqtckelbfxngmtl4tzgj0ins+le4pjefudtzpruyqqpj5ixn


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 119
pos: NOUN
token:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2kl3ljbxf0k27njqhg6qubhske0w58lmhziqcmeso3fw5oarvkcshoustooa0zi8sinffuimk1ibukhloikiurcsa0dqwhvgpwfjqtvbuyhzhtahmzbkl2oexd08ezj528lwtrhvw7fvbjjh+xfnddi2zhhjh5gj7gg0wrgnjr+g1nwgxcokby2esi5gclay6vzfsxmtxfg3n6yx4dresqdeslty9fcsgogyzd1gbaomjiuaqdxnyknenoywjepbamfrgizby9tme2dk1ygdb25q+9eifrdums7f0jdgh0kr9zj

lemma:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2kl3ljbxf0k27njqhg6qubhske0w58lmhziqcmeso3fw5oarvkcshoustooa0zi8sinffuimk1ibukhloikiurcsa0dqwhvgpwfjqtvbuyhzhtahmzbkl2oexd08ezj528lwtrhvw7fvbjjh+xfnddi2zhhjh5gj7gg0wrgnjr+g1nwgxcokby2esi5gclay6vzfsxmtxfg3n6yx4dresqdeslty9fcsgogyzd1gbaomjiuaqdxnyknenoywjepbamfrgizby9tme2dk1ygdb25q+9eifrdums7f0jdgh0kr9zj


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 125
pos: NUM
token:
  z2kz2vf4biqadcqvjpdap13ornjfq6i2ft5wlsdneplebn6bthtk86nlte4imygzw822xltvktluaoy2ckzi5jlcrfvcb4cop0f4tae9l04o91r1wscpa1ilmx6jt8azje6xt3vs6f7knnqo+xns3ziipm8xlwz4lky18btr

lemma:
  z2kz2vf4biqadcqvjpdap13ornjfq6i2ft5wlsdneplebn6bthtk86nlte4imygzw822xltvktluaoy2ckzi5jlcrfvcb4cop0f4tae9l04o91r1wscpa1ilmx6jt8azje6xt3vs6f7knnqo+xns3ziipm8xlwz4lky18btr


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 219
pos: PROPN
token:
  sha1_base64="qwe2mz+ewbeta+vlunloej03zda=">aaahshiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya8sjlxfperk0sgispfzqqtyakncb1fsr7wwse18iexmsrpwkr

lemma:
  sha1_base64="qwe2mz+ewbeta+vlunloej03zda=">aaahshiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya8sjlxfperk0sgispfzqqtyakncb1fsr7wwse18iexmsrpwkr


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 229
pos: NOUN
token:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2kl3ljbxf0k27njqhg2q5uleo7hxlymefkhekzk6jchplgcpuo5ac6pbpiglskd2ykmz9qsuquhu6s0qgiyc5sq5oqovadmclygfb28k7gdmf0qaym2csaadepdwrkhnawfnogg1ys1cfocb4f88p0tvmekiemspsy7tbucamh6hx1itfiqrvliexlezyvprq9eaycrffwzscpzpiocrkbf1lvvl0viwb4lbl3kufaowniicrpgtis8y1jjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed4zmfxgj0fbvp61kmxsu6yzsbsnuyfqpp2mf0ms/8epbiglz1kybldqmpofesbn2q0n+njwzt4xkngqlqs1d6m15pd4wvbb

lemma:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2kl3ljbxf0k27njqhg2q5uleo7hxlymefkhekzk6jchplgcpuo5ac6pbpiglskd2ykmz9qsuquhu6s0qgiyc5sq5oqovadmclygfb28k7gdmf0qaym2csaadepdwrkhnawfnogg1ys1cfocb4f88p0tvmekiemspsy7tbucamh6hx1itfiqrvliexlezyvprq9eaycrffwzscpzpiocrkbf1lvvl0viwb4lbl3kufaowniicrpgtis8y1jjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed4zmfxgj0fbvp61kmxsu6yzsbsnuyfqpp2mf0ms/8epbiglz1kybldqmpofesbn2q0n+njwzt4xkngqlqs1d6m15pd4wvbb


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 231
pos: NOUN
token:
  pkx7aezutlbzxy897vzr9lpxwbny211xqa2rcsd4r9cb27yovzwbtgbwx53jxrfuj+/peqnq19g0uoanxaugl2aftf5wsm+7mkym

lemma:
  pkx7aezutlbzxy897vzr9lpxwbny211xqa2rcsd4r9cb27yovzwbtgbwx53jxrfuj+/peqnq19g0uoanxaugl2aftf5wsm+7mkym


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 331
pos: PROPN
token:
  sha1_base64="n2atwvtb8o5llvte8ozt847kyay=">aaahshiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya8sjlxfperk0sgispfzqqtyakncb1fsr7wwse18iexmsrpwkr

lemma:
  sha1_base64="n2atwvtb8o5llvte8ozt847kyay=">aaahshiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya8sjlxfperk0sgispfzqqtyakncb1fsr7wwse18iexmsrpwkr


id: dad-11518
sid: 182
tid: 341
pos: NOUN
token:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2kl3ljbxf0k27njqhg2qpuleo7hxlymefkhekzk6jchplgcpuo5ac6pbpiglskd2ykmz9qsuquhu6s0qgiyc5sq5oqovadmclygfb28k7gdmf0qaym2csaadepdwrkhnawfnogg1ys1cfocb4f88p0tvmekiemspsy7tbucamh6hx1itfiqrvliexlezyvprq9eaycrffwzscpzpiocrkbf1lvvl0viwb4lbl3kufaowniicrpgtis8y1jjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed4zmfxgj0fbvp61kmxsu6yzsbsnuyfqpp2mf0ms/8epbiglz1kybldqmpofesbn2q0n+njwzt4xkngqlqs1d6m15pd4wvbb

lemma:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2kl3ljbxf0k27njqhg2qpuleo7hxlymefkhekzk6jchplgcpuo5ac6pbpiglskd2ykmz9qsuquhu6s0qgiyc5sq5oqovadmclygfb28k7gdmf0qaym2csaadepdwrkhnawfnogg1ys1cfocb4f88p0tvmekiemspsy7tbucamh6hx1itfiqrvliexlezyvprq9eaycrffwzscpzpiocrkbf1lvvl0viwb4lbl3kufaowniicrpgtis8y1jjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed4zmfxgj0fbvp61kmxsu6yzsbsnuyfqpp2mf0ms/8epbiglz1kybldqmpofesbn2q0n+njwzt4xkngqlqs1d6m15pd4wvbb


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 15
pos: NOUN
token:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2ko7qjhxf0k27njqhg2qpuleo7hxlymefkhekzk6jchplgcpuo5ac6pbpiglskd2ykmz9qsuquhu6s0qgiyc5sq5oqovadmclygfb28k7gdmf0qaym2csaadepdwrkhnawfnogg1ys1cfocb4f88p0tvmekiemspsy7tbucamh6hx1itfiqrvliexlezyvprq9eaycrffwzscpzpiocrkbf1lvvl0viwb4lbl3kufaowniicrpgtis8y1jjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed4zmfxgj0fbvp61kmxsu6yzsbsnuyfqpp2mf0ms/8epbiglz1kybldqmpofesbn2q0n+njwzt4xkngqlqs1d6m15pd4wvbb

lemma:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2ko7qjhxf0k27njqhg2qpuleo7hxlymefkhekzk6jchplgcpuo5ac6pbpiglskd2ykmz9qsuquhu6s0qgiyc5sq5oqovadmclygfb28k7gdmf0qaym2csaadepdwrkhnawfnogg1ys1cfocb4f88p0tvmekiemspsy7tbucamh6hx1itfiqrvliexlezyvprq9eaycrffwzscpzpiocrkbf1lvvl0viwb4lbl3kufaowniicrpgtis8y1jjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed4zmfxgj0fbvp61kmxsu6yzsbsnuyfqpp2mf0ms/8epbiglz1kybldqmpofesbn2q0n+njwzt4xkngqlqs1d6m15pd4wvbb


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 133
pos: NOUN
token:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2ko7qjhxf0k27njqhg2q5uleo7hxlymefkhekzk6jchplgcpuo5ac6pbpiglskd2ykmz9qsuquhu6s0qgiyc5sq5oqovadmclygfb28k7gdmf0qaym2csaadepdwrkhnawfnogg1ys1cfocb4f88p0tvmekiemspsy7tbucamh6hx1itfiqrvliexlezyvprq9eaycrffwzscpzpiocrkbf1lvvl0viwb4lbl3kufaowniicrpgtis8y1jjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed4zmfxgj0fbvp61kmxsu6yzsbsnuyfqpp2mf0ms/8epbiglz1kybldqmpofesbn2q0n+njwzt4xkngqlqs1d6m15pd4wvbb

lemma:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2ko7qjhxf0k27njqhg2q5uleo7hxlymefkhekzk6jchplgcpuo5ac6pbpiglskd2ykmz9qsuquhu6s0qgiyc5sq5oqovadmclygfb28k7gdmf0qaym2csaadepdwrkhnawfnogg1ys1cfocb4f88p0tvmekiemspsy7tbucamh6hx1itfiqrvliexlezyvprq9eaycrffwzscpzpiocrkbf1lvvl0viwb4lbl3kufaowniicrpgtis8y1jjamslgcw2ibl8li1ed4zmfxgj0fbvp61kmxsu6yzsbsnuyfqpp2mf0ms/8epbiglz1kybldqmpofesbn2q0n+njwzt4xkngqlqs1d6m15pd4wvbb


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 235
pos: NOUN
token:
  sha1_base64="fjskht3n88x0xzezyeybok6lyru=">aaahshiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya8sjlxfperk0sgispfzqqtyakncb1fsr7wwse18iexmsrpwkr

lemma:
  sha1_base64="fjskht3n88x0xzezyeybok6lyru=">aaahshiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya8sjlxfperk0sgispfzqqtyakncb1fsr7wwse18iexmsrpwkr


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 245
pos: NOUN
token:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2ko7qjhxf0k27njqhg6qubhske0w58lmhziqcmeso3fw5oarvkcshoustooa0zi8sinffuimk1ibukhloikiurcsa0dqwhvgpwfjqtvbuyhzhtahmzbkl2oexd08ezj528lwtrhvw7fvbjjh+xfnddi2zhhjh5gj7gg0wrgnjr+g1nwgxcokby2esi5gclay6vzfsxmtxfg3n6yx4dresqdeslty9fcsgogyzd1gbaomjiuaqdxnyknenoywjepbamfrgizby9tme2dk1ygdb25q+9eifrdums7f0jdgh0kr9zj

lemma:
  ba69k1g4nzdx9jqvte2ko7qjhxf0k27njqhg6qubhske0w58lmhziqcmeso3fw5oarvkcshoustooa0zi8sinffuimk1ibukhloikiurcsa0dqwhvgpwfjqtvbuyhzhtahmzbkl2oexd08ezj528lwtrhvw7fvbjjh+xfnddi2zhhjh5gj7gg0wrgnjr+g1nwgxcokby2esi5gclay6vzfsxmtxfg3n6yx4dresqdeslty9fcsgogyzd1gbaomjiuaqdxnyknenoywjepbamfrgizby9tme2dk1ygdb25q+9eifrdums7f0jdgh0kr9zj


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 341
pos: PROPN
token:
  vb664wfbxwk1kefnc=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoiej5fsea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrfgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb

lemma:
  vb664wfbxwk1kefnc=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoiej5fsea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrfgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 351
pos: PROPN
token:
  pso1dclcqvzwolixtixafh5kqf6tsgkbzqkk+katkqpbioxn1cjspsb7ptsqclilmyrmha68b2yavgyuhbxruf2ynrbpgzzyxob148pbgqedrg804ybvizvwu5xvgxzw

lemma:
  pso1dclcqvzwolixtixafh5kqf6tsgkbzqkk+katkqpbioxn1cjspsb7ptsqclilmyrmha68b2yavgyuhbxruf2ynrbpgzzyxob148pbgqedrg804ybvizvwu5xvgxzw


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 353
pos: PROPN
token:
  rtwz6siszi+xjtmg4jowfodd0dotfsn9ydmnzjossndxpjwtjir6oadhpz8szj5uiuras5omtwlbaycv8ahuimfyravd5yjcxjbsylrmvsasg0qjfhjgrz

lemma:
  rtwz6siszi+xjtmg4jowfodd0dotfsn9ydmnzjossndxpjwtjir6oadhpz8szj5uiuras5omtwlbaycv8ahuimfyravd5yjcxjbsylrmvsasg0qjfhjgrz


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 499
pos: PROPN
token:
  sha1_base64="jb19hy94nrcldwg+pilg6bwpahc=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoaej5vaea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrpgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb

lemma:
  sha1_base64="jb19hy94nrcldwg+pilg6bwpahc=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoaej5vaea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrpgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 501
pos: ADJ
token:
  lc2v3lh5k7e6tn77zt179zc2hxzhytdyvmujvta6sa1yew6gktrvnjrprmrybu9v7fy+r1cvvbs7yxck+x115lvnwg24jqwhqtv8s7fsrqig5+xzjujxtyhxpiuujfagcx2gmyv7vkm6herql3xsfjcg7jffme5tklgrotcduqjdbmmvduudwge2cysfcwvant5nze6nnsccownbo

lemma:
  lc2v3lh5k7e6tn77zt179zc2hxzhytdyvmujvta6sa1yew6gktrvnjrprmrybu9v7fy+r1cvvbs7yxck+x115lvnwg24jqwhqtv8s7fsrqig5+xzjujxtyhxpiuujfagcx2gmyv7vkm6herql3xsfjcg7jffme5tklgrotcduqjdbmmvduudwge2cysfcwvant5nze6nnsccownbo


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 507
pos: NOUN
token:
  g6oue8nrhpavyi6nqykqe3ytkehy3zc1qgwfhbbfzliunemq5jtgruwhiyrgt8euaupsczo7sm7cxow9knhr2qdcd0npaumfoamrtp7gey

lemma:
  g6oue8nrhpavyi6nqykqe3ytkehy3zc1qgwfhbbfzliunemq5jtgruwhiyrgt8euaupsczo7sm7cxow9knhr2qdcd0npaumfoamrtp7gey


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 523
pos: NOUN
token:
  u1nhulxbgvz5vwhvifmhrdijekxpuzhx6p97ossx1ufnftiv+p17ljvmvxpfutpljyn5sgnxzv4hzi5kdg==</latexit><latexit

lemma:
  u1nhulxbgvz5vwhvifmhrdijekxpuzhx6p97ossx1ufnftiv+p17ljvmvxpfutpljyn5sgnxzv4hzi5kdg==</latexit><latexit


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 605
pos: PROPN
token:
  ahbc8ggydvxrhg0=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoiej5fsea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrfgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb

lemma:
  ahbc8ggydvxrhg0=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoiej5fsea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrfgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 613
pos: PROPN
token:
  tzqigz6wzjujxtyhxpiuujfagcx2emysvqlodqnkosz4pckhd9siigpcjlahihehokyeugutkuqibrqpbhzwchqvtg+8wzidgg2donlgghxjx8era5mkbzzthtghnxhxkgonfpd9e15rpirfmjrcp0qbjmjb+hf7toswwix1joyxlmzkz0tskn5kni

lemma:
  tzqigz6wzjujxtyhxpiuujfagcx2emysvqlodqnkosz4pckhd9siigpcjlahihehokyeugutkuqibrqpbhzwchqvtg+8wzidgg2donlgghxjx8era5mkbzzthtghnxhxkgonfpd9e15rpirfmjrcp0qbjmjb+hf7toswwix1joyxlmzkz0tskn5kni


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 617
pos: PROPN
token:
  q+ngmf2c8w+09akmhq0qkeljgkjuzcsr7wsuzzpt6wtynhlwompctz7fv4pdk9vrb9ok90cothtr5uuik9711t9lvwwxfw2vjbtrxivmc5i+yd63gbvj4xvau2wzdhxr

lemma:
  q+ngmf2c8w+09akmhq0qkeljgkjuzcsr7wsuzzpt6wtynhlwompctz7fv4pdk9vrb9ok90cothtr5uuik9711t9lvwwxfw2vjbtrxivmc5i+yd63gbvj4xvau2wzdhxr


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 623
pos: PROPN
token:
  buivnpsjqoorhb2ypnlkrblmgzvwcdwyrzebm87ua9zldatpmj3mktvhdntholeo2jp1xmhu3p5nvaleanuod96xrfck5th/1syw4jjj+xmhdhxer22rj9zx7ufe9ow5z5efssd1kvmbllb0jnjqdp3vymvm3zehu8d2b96nwotzulofnmrvhzlsb

lemma:
  buivnpsjqoorhb2ypnlkrblmgzvwcdwyrzebm87ua9zldatpmj3mktvhdntholeo2jp1xmhu3p5nvaleanuod96xrfck5th/1syw4jjj+xmhdhxer22rj9zx7ufe9ow5z5efssd1kvmbllb0jnjqdp3vymvm3zehu8d2b96nwotzulofnmrvhzlsb


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 625
pos: PROPN
token:
  u1nhag+3bpnzq0l5ifmhrdijekxpuzhx6p97oscx1ufnftiv+p17ljvi1xlfutpljyn5sgnxzv4hxvvkdq==</latexit><latexit

lemma:
  u1nhag+3bpnzq0l5ifmhrdijekxpuzhx6p97oscx1ufnftiv+p17ljvi1xlfutpljyn5sgnxzv4hxvvkdq==</latexit><latexit


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 703
pos: PROPN
token:
  cv3lp/6xm=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoiej5fsea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrfgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb

lemma:
  cv3lp/6xm=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoiej5fsea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrfgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 711
pos: PROPN
token:
  tzuinzvtzrqg4w5qrnxvkriiquq7czzuk1albitnujz8ubaqhe2rrjpueslskdnsnleaxqxjlxdga1ohtwkrbwok2jxclsxojdtbnzljqdrx4ecig87sn550w2rbmrwpyjpevnh+ia830kagzr9jhainxtrg

lemma:
  tzuinzvtzrqg4w5qrnxvkriiquq7czzuk1albitnujz8ubaqhe2rrjpueslskdnsnleaxqxjlxdga1ohtwkrbwok2jxclsxojdtbnzljqdrx4ecig87sn550w2rbmrwpyjpevnh+ia830kagzr9jhainxtrg


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 715
pos: PROPN
token:
  phbalkl6xhmaygmlzawrsg8ngrxwd0xcezohnhysrdg1zydnbswybw5b5bsoqykwiaq7ykcevgtcwwjiqyqkmoww+ccnxn+oznv0ldha059knhr2qdcd0npaumxofmrtp7gey

lemma:
  phbalkl6xhmaygmlzawrsg8ngrxwd0xcezohnhysrdg1zydnbswybw5b5bsoqykwiaq7ykcevgtcwwjiqyqkmoww+ccnxn+oznv0ldha059knhr2qdcd0npaumxofmrtp7gey


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 723
pos: PROPN
token:
  ae5ysg2vkrbufj34sz2rlsvcbr0yrmwqzn8m1gfqnt3po+dlovoae2w362zyceks9lzlsjliv7bdz+mj93vienlcu8ih2wh6yxgnnyn6ezx9m0b3st3uz5vdqeo7a+dt6up53f0hxzi

lemma:
  ae5ysg2vkrbufj34sz2rlsvcbr0yrmwqzn8m1gfqnt3po+dlovoae2w362zyceks9lzlsjliv7bdz+mj93vienlcu8ih2wh6yxgnnyn6ezx9m0b3st3uz5vdqeo7a+dt6up53f0hxzi


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 827
pos: PROPN
token:
  sha1_base64="1o62efkhj55b+npfluue5bpq7l8=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoiej5fsea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrfgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb

lemma:
  sha1_base64="1o62efkhj55b+npfluue5bpq7l8=">aaahqhiclvxbbtnaej22qnpya+grl4i0cagtkoiej5fsea8gcjrnuvnvtrnjrfgs2zusyou3eixf4l944mx4e5o4l9awvbozc87cdm2747mxlhb


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 835
pos: PROPN
token:
  tztifnomzjujxtyhxpiuujfagcx2emysvqlodqnkosz4pckhd9siigpcjlahihehokyeugutkuqibrqpbhzwchqvtg+8wzidgg2donlgghxjx8era5mkbzzthtghnxhxkgonfpd9e15rpirfmjrcp0qbjmjb+hf7toswwix1joyxlmzkz0tskn5kni

lemma:
  tztifnomzjujxtyhxpiuujfagcx2emysvqlodqnkosz4pckhd9siigpcjlahihehokyeugutkuqibrqpbhzwchqvtg+8wzidgg2donlgghxjx8era5mkbzzthtghnxhxkgonfpd9e15rpirfmjrcp0qbjmjb+hf7toswwix1joyxlmzkz0tskn5kni


id: dad-11518
sid: 183
tid: 847
pos: NUM
token:
  u1nhag+3bpnzq0l5ifmhrdijekxpuzhx6p97oscx1ufnftiv+p17ljvi1xlfutpljyn5sgnxzv4hoh1kza==</latexit><latexit

lemma:
  u1nhag+3bpnzq0l5ifmhrdijekxpuzhx6p97oscx1ufnftiv+p17ljvi1xlfutpljyn5sgnxzv4hoh1kza==</latexit><latexit


