dlr: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called dlr.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

World; Women; People; Society; Family; Class; Story; Violence; Food; House; Slavery; Novel; Crime; Stories; Human; Literature; Death; Life; Trauma; Power; Children; Freak; Horror; Time; Female; Ghosts; Monster; Mrs; Victims; Dead; Identity; Multispecies; Man; War; Village; Utopia; Ishiguro; Studies; Woman; Nature; Marcarelli; Ramen; Cup; Spam; Pineapple; Person; Plantain; Mix; Cake; Cookies; Flour; Asparagus; Glass; Noodles; Disorders

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Multilayered Specter, Multifaceted Presence: A Critical Edition of H.P. Lovecraft’s “The Tomb” by Hatfield, Shelby; Hobbs, Rebekah; Lynch, Jared (2019) - 96 Edited by Shelby Hatfield, Rebekah Hobbs, & Jared Lynch Multilayered Specter, Multifaceted Presence: A Critical Edition of H.P. Lovecraft’s “The Tomb” This edition examines “The Tomb” in depth, including the historical context in which Lovecraft was writing, as well as the social and technological changes that occurred. Contextual Documents Excerpt from a letter18 from H.P. Lovecraft to the Gallomo19 In this letter addressed to the Gallomo, Lovecraft discuss- es his inspiration for writing “The Tomb.” Keywords: death; dudley; family; h.p; home; horror; hyde; jervas; life; ligeia; lovecraft; new; night; poe; presence; story; time; tomb; vault; world
• The First of its Kind: A Cultural History of the Village Nègre by Cross, Lauren; Seitz, Lauren; Walter, Shannon (2016) - While France presented their exhibits in ways that showed their dominance over their international colonies, other countries, some the same ones featured in the Paris displays, imitated European exhibits in ways that matched their own political, economic, social, and cultural needs. Though called the Village Nègre, the exhibit was actually comprised of six smaller “villages” in which people ate, slept, and worked. Keywords: cultures; exhibits; fair; french; nègre; people; village; world
• Freaks and Magic: The Freakification of Magical Creatures in Harry Potter by Grosh, Cassandra (2016) - Rowling clearly critiques the wizarding world’s hierarchy, which places witches and wizards in a superior position above other magical creatures. By asserting their dominance in this way, wizards have achieved a position of complete superiority over other magical creatures. Keywords: centaurs; creatures; elves; freak; giants; hagrid; harry; house; rowling; wizards; world
• The Post-Catastrophe Consciousness: The Semiotics of Alienation and Belief in Samuel Beckett's Endgame by Best, Brandon (2018) - Still faced with the problem of his subjective existence, Hamm can only seek to identify with external signs even though this 1 After the German takeover of France during World War II, the replacement French government that supported the Third Reich ruled southern France from Vichy. Trapped by his own alienation, Hamm continues to identify with external signs of himself, unable to even experience the meaning of his loneliness. Keywords: beckett; clov; experience; hamm; world
• Tradition vs. Innovation and the Creatures in Spirited Away by Hartman, Emma (2017) - When Miyazaki created these creatures, he enabled traditions not only to be preserved through film, but to also be made relevant for Japanese youth, who are often perceived to be slipping away from Japanese tradition. Traditions are not only preserved through Spirited Away, but are made relevant for Japanese youth, who are often perceived to be slipping away from Japanese tradition. Keywords: bathhouse; chihiro; creatures; culture; japanese; kami; miyazaki; tradition; world
• Change the Narrative: Empathy in Post-Apocalyptic Fiction by Drake, Tynan (2018) - By examining David Clement-Davies young adult novel The Sight through theories of narrative empathy and through James Berger’s theories of post-apocalyptic representation, this essay argues that by representing empathic understanding, fiction writers have the power to influence positive changes in real world situations. In post-apocalyptic fiction, the concept of empathy often is depicted as a weakness that the characters cannot afford if they hope to survive. Keywords: empathy; end; fiction; future; sight; stories; story; world
• The Post is Female by Schillereff, Megan (2018) - The purpose behind discussing these points on the posthuman timeline is to 71 SCHILLEREFF establish both chronological and historical examples of male representation as posthuman characters and to show that, while males have been presented as capable of preventing the apocalypse for centuries, it’s only recently that female posthumans have entered the equation. It’s easy to see how this is a problematic way of presenting female posthumans within the apocalyptic genre, as it creates a societal norm for women needing men to become empowered instead of creating a narrative where it is a norm for a female to become empowered through self-actualization. Keywords: apocalypse; awakening; female; juliette; mafi; posthuman; powers; revelation; world
• On Fungi, Future, and Feminism: An Ecofeminist Analysis of M. R. Carey's The Girl with All the Gifts by Heim, Leah (2018) - Zombies wreak havoc on the power of governmental systems, causing societal breakdown; zombies create unstable food lines; zombies drive rooted human beings out of their comfortable homes and into urban and natural wildernesses. In other words, zombies that were once mere metaphors for plague became plague themselves, and with this evolution of zombie as supernatural to zombie as natural, the zombie-apocalypse narrative became readily positioned to question its more conservative values. Keywords: apocalypse; ecofeminist; gifts; girl; humanity; melanie; nature; novel; plague; world; zombie
• The Four Horsemen in Popular Culture by Baugh, Taylor (2018) - While other apocalyptic narratives seem hopeless, these portrayals of Four Horsemen offer the chance for victory and survival. One reason for their popularity is that the story of the Horsemen lends itself to much interpretation: people in the Reformation were able to take what the Four Horsemen represent and apply it to what was happening at that specific time. Keywords: apocalypse; book; future; horsemen; revelation; shows; world
• From Dystopia to Utopia: Tonal Shifts and Perspective Change in H. G. Wells's The Food of the Gods by Patyk, Katie (2019) - There is no opposition to the opinions of humanity until Book Two because the humans who had eaten and would become Children of the Food were children with no agency. presently little Redwood, pioneer of the new race, first child who ate the Food, was crawling about his nursery . . .” Keywords: children; food; gods; humanity; wells; world
• Ayn Rand's Utopian Visions in Theory and Realization by Sapet, Ben (2019) - Rand levies a similar criticism against “propagandist” literature in support of socialist regimes portrayed in her fiction. 33 SAPET To seriously study Ayn Rand is a political, often taboo, act. Keywords: ayn; fiction; literature; philosophy; rand; reality; world
• An Inverted Dystopia: Margaret Cavendish's Utopia, The Blazing World by Santini, Julie (2019) - In 2007, Jacqueline Broad’s article, “Margaret Cavendish and Joseph Glanvill: science, religion and witchcraft,” examines differences between Cavendish and Glanvill’s approaches to natural philosophy to understand why Glanvill, a fellow of the Royal Society, believed in witchcraft and Cavendish did not (493). Recognizing Cavendish as an intelligent and educated person of the time may avoid this “condescension.” Keywords: cavendish; devil; empress; margaret; religion; society; witchcraft; witches; women; world
• Divinity and its Imitation in the Utopian Visions of Death Note and Parable of the Sower by Akers, Allison (2019) - Light starts using the Death Note to eliminate major criminals in 107 AKERS the world in hopes that he will someday rid the world of everyone who he has judged to be evil and thereby become a god. However, as the police start investigating and he matches wits against a brilliant detective, Light starts eliminating anyone who gets in his way, including innocent police officers. Keywords: death; god; lauren; light; note; people; utopia; world
• Donors of the Floating World: The Dystopian Livelihoods of Ishiguro's Clones and Yoshiwara Courtesans by Sloan, Marisa (2019) - Consequently, it is a small wonder that Kathy’s perspective portrays the seemingly positive effects of the system; Kathy’s childhood is utopian in comparison to the upbringing of other clone groups. Due to the synchronous glorification and euphemization of their oppression, the fate of these characters ties historical threads to the livelihoods of Yoshiwara courtesans in Edo Japan. Keywords: class; clones; courtesans; hailsham; ishiguro; kathy; sloan; students; system; world; yoshiwara
• Women Dined Well: Bakhtinian Carnivalesque in Caryl Churchill's Top Girls by Tülübaş, Dilayda (2021) - Churchill, by creating a dinner scene in the first act of her play, explores the in- equalities faced by women across centuries and allows her characters to resist a system that creates certain types of gender identities. Such an impossible gathering of women in the first act of Top Girls makes it possible to explore the female experience, femi- ninity, and their dynamic relation with food and festivity across centuries. Keywords: characters; churchill; dinner; food; girls; marlene; women; world
• Surrendering the Self: The Posthuman World in Vandermeer's Annihilation by Allen, Sam (2024) - Human characters often experience physi- ological torment and contamination in response to interactions with an un- explainable environment and complex creatures (Kneale). Upon their awareness and interaction with cosmic beings, human characters ex- perience physical and psychological transformations and hauntings. Keywords: area; biologist; environment; human; lovecraft; multispecies; vandermeer; world
• The Trees Speak for Themselves: How Non-Human Narrators in Fiction Influence Multispecies Encounters by Hughes, Bella (2024) - To use an example from Shafak’s novel, Kostas, one of the main characters and an expert in studies of trees and certain animals, shows an attentiveness and responsibility toward non-human species on multiple occasions. Hughes 31 One of the most important things the fig tree accomplishes as narrator is to raise non-human species to be just as important as humans. Keywords: fig; human; multispecies; non; novel; shafak; species; tree; world
• An Analysis of the Film Bee Movie and Multispecies Theory: Exploring Multispecies Interactions of the Honeybee and Its Anthropomorphic Film Representation by Elrod, Lilly (2024) - Other bees come on the platform and start up the wings of the jocks, like revving the engine of a car to get it ready. The honey that we use in our tea was the result of the combined effort of hundreds of different bees, all working in harmony to produce our honey, beeswax, propolis, and royal jelly. Keywords: barry; bees; hive; honey; honeybees; life; movie; multispecies; world

• Villainy and Women: A Critical Edition of James Baldwin’s “The Quest of Medusa’s Head” by Grosh, Cassandra; Patterson, Noah (2019) - Andromeda and Danaë are good women because they are beautiful and helpless. Unlike many women, she is not noticed because of her beauty, a femi- nine characteristic, but rather because of her wits and intelligence, characteristics that are typically consid- ered more masculine. Keywords: atalanta; baldwin; danaë; foy; head; king; man; medusa; patterson; perseus; sea; story; weeks; women
• Ghostly Hands: A Critical Edition of Henry James's "The Romance of Certain Old Clothes" by Aprill, Morgan; Lutz, Lauren (2014) - This story reflects social issues in the Victorian era both by describing hands in scenes between the living, and by ending with ghostly hands killing the main female character. Miss Le Petyt learns in the next passage that a ghostly pair of little girl hands has been doing the housework for her at night: “Over the porcelain basin and beneath the water trickling from the tap I saw two hands. Keywords: clothes; eyes; ghost; ghostly; girl; hands; house; james; lloyd; mother; mrs; perdita; romance; rosalind; sister; story; victorian; women; young
• Kidnapped Amazonians, Severed Breasts, and Witches: Renaissance Perceptions of the Destructive Nature of the Freakish Female in Spenser's The Bower of Bliss and Shakespeare's Two Noble Kinsmen by Brooks, Laken (2016) - Amazonian women were dually freakified as other; not only did they transcend the cultural gender norms that prevented Renaissance English women from having equal opportunities with their male counterparts, but they also looked physically different than English women. Whether these characters are Amazonian women disinter- ested in heterosexual romance or promiscuous witches, they are set as spectacle in the confines of their respective texts. Keywords: acrasia; emilia; female; male; renaissance; spenser; women
• The Sociocultural Feminist Implications of “Rumpelstiltskin” by the Brothers Grimm by Barsic, Emily; Hartman, Emma; Lawhorn, Alexis (2020) - As such, Wollstonecraft’s beliefs regarding the education of women are reflected in the following statement: Women are told from their infancy, and taught by the example of their mothers, that a little knowledge of human weakness, justly termed cunning, softness of temper, outward obedience, and a scrupulous attention to a puerile kind of propriety, will obtain for them the protection of a man; and should they be beautiful, every thing else is needless, for, at least, twenty years of their lives. AT THE TIME OF “RUMPELSTILTSKIN” This tale has served throughout the decades as a tale of caution for women, in which they are told to behave and to conform to their place in society. Keywords: daughter; gold; hartman; husband; industry; king; lawhorn; rumpelstiltskin; spinning; story; time; women
• Monstrous Women: Exploring Historical Witchcraft and It's Presence in The Witch by Patterson, Noah (2017) - The vilification of women as witches in Puritan America was based in deep cultural prejudices, perceptions of gender roles, and religiously-influenced societal structuring, creating a monsterization of women. While witches could theoretically fulfill every thesis, the most prominent are: “The Monster’s Body as a Cultural Body,” “The Monster Dwells at 2Noah Keywords: film; hag; mimesis; power; society; thomasin; witch; witchcraft; witches; women
• Oppression, Storytelling, and Resistance in Hulu's The Handmaid's Tale by Hershman, Olivia (2018) - While this illustration of women may seem exclusive to the confines of Atwood’s novel and Miller’s adaptation, I would argue that this view of female oppression is also applicable to modern women. POST-APOCALYPTIC SIGNIFICANCE I will first be discussing the ways Miller discusses female oppression and the role storytelling has in resisting such post-apocalyptic oppression. Keywords: atwood; handmaid; june; miller; oppression; tale; women
• Who Killed the World?: Monstrous Masculinity and Mad Max by Hampshire, Kathryn (2017) - THE WORLD OF MAD MAX In Mad Max (1979), the title character (played by Mel Gibson) is a police officer patrolling the roads where gangs run rampant in a society whose foundation progressively leans toward violence, a predominant trait of toxic masculinity. By portraying Max as the antithesis to monstrous masculinity, the Mad Max franchise identifies the havoc that such a toxic force can take on society. Keywords: aunty; film; fury; mad; masculinity; max; men; road; society; violence; women
• Family and Feminism in Ursala K. Le Guin's The Dispossessed by Kuss, Natalie (2019) - By doing so, the people of Anarres free women from the confines of the traditional American 67 KUSS family structure, where they would be pressured to remain in the home to raise their child. By creating a world where men and women are truly equal, she creates a blueprint for how feminism can emerge and thrive in a new social structure unlike our own and imagines how this change affects traditional familial structures. Keywords: anarres; family; shevek; society; structure; women
• A Feminist's Call for Anarchy by Jacocks, Marlee (2019) - The form of anarchy Le Guin creates is considered by Daniel Jaeckle to be “a highly traditional anarchist society” (75). With influences from feminism and Marxism, Le Guin uses both theories to create a comparison between two political systems— anarchy and democracy—to ultimately reveal that anarchy is more conducive for feminism. Keywords: anarres; guin; shevek; society; system; urras; women; work
• Haunting the Body: An Exploration of Scars as Ghosts by Paul, Addison E (2020) - Socioculturally, women are rooted in self violence and the paranormal through fairy tales. (Puc) Taking inspiration from the famed spectacle of ghost stories and horror movies, modern content Digital Literature Review 4 28 creators use trauma and self-harm as shocking character flaws, often without considering the detrimental and delegitimizing effects that poor portrayals of suffering have on those struggling with mental health. Keywords: body; camille; flynn; ghosts; harm; objects; scars; self; trauma; women
• The Whistle Stop Café and Luke’s Diner: The Village Café as Utopian Space for Women in Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Café and Gilmore Girls by Neugarten, Julia (2021) - These fictional restaurants complicate traditional binaries of male/female, public/private and domestic/commercial, which creates utopian spaces where women exert pow- er and agency. Third, I explain, through selective close readings of my two cultural objects, how utopian spaces for women are constructed in the two narratives, and I examine the representation of gendered identity through the consumption of food and beverages. Keywords: café; coffee; diner; lorelai; luke; power; space; whistle; women
• Redirecting the Blame by Henkin, Kaila (2021) - This essay applies triple consciousness to the trauma of these women as Black women in America as they inter- nalize the gaze of white people in America and aims to shift abusive blame from Black communities back to the white institutions which use these Black commu- nities for consumption. As Laymon’s memoir also indicates, issues ranging from physical abuse to food insecurities de- rived from the influence of white structures are normalized within Black communities and Black women especially experience the repercussion of historical and present racial and sexual abuse and trauma. Keywords: consciousness; food; heavy; laymon; mother; power; trauma; white; women
• Food for Thought: The Analysis of Consumption, Preparation, and Placement of Food in Media by Turner, Emily; Warren, Allen; Roesler, Ian ; Henkin, Kaila; Hagemann, Tauri; Ramos-Niaves, Vinny (2021) - Our cultural distaste with discussions of food (compared to the body that consumes it) has made food studies, as a formal discipline, only emerge in the last few decades, with rigorous cultural food studies even newer. These visual examples of leisure and security in food as compared with the struggle faced by the Kims in obtaining food in the beginning of the film show clear class divides and social disparities through a lens of food studies. Keywords: bong; class; essay; film; food; literature; studies; women
• Murderinos: Examining the Female Audience of True Crime Podcasts with My Favorite Murder by Hughes, Bella (2023) - Consumption of true crime podcasts has shot up in recent years, with a majority of listeners being female. While earlier studies have argued that audiences of true crime media have more anxiety and trepidation around violent crime, I argue that true crime podcasts have many psychological benefits, specifically for women. Keywords: crime; female; hosts; listeners; mfm; podcasts; stories; victims; women

• Exhibit or Human? Analysis on the Life of the Aztec Children by Grosh, Cassandra; Keck, Sarah; Vazquez, Isabel (2016) - Aztec Children and their savior, Velasquez, miraculously lived. INTRODUCTION Few events in the world have captured the fascination of curious masses as did the exhibition of the Aztec Children. Keywords: bartola; children; grosh; keck; maximo; people; race; rothfels; story; twins
• Kinderbrutanstalt and Kindchenschema: The Child Hatchery and the Psychology of Cute by Darnell, Nikole; Hampshire, Kathryn; Orchard, Amory (2016) - who had no knowledge of the intricate scientific problem involved, [and] started to organise [sic] baby incubator shows just as they might have exhibited marionettes, fat women, or any sort of catch-penny monstrosity” (Silverman). Nothing else in the world of science or nature could save them.” significant because many of the publications about incubator babies at the time were news pieces about particular events that took place at Luna Park or about Couney himself. Keywords: babies; baby; couney; cute; cuteness; darnell; exhibit; hampshire; human; incubator; infants; island; orchard; people
• Normal versus Freak: The Issue of Staring in The Rocky Horror Picture Show and Classic American Freak Show by Darnell, Nikole (2016) - To Rocky Horror fans, Frank is not a criminal; he is only looking to freely express himself and his sexuality. Interestingly enough, several Rocky Horror goers do choose to dress up as Janet in her underwear. Keywords: frank; freak; horror; horror picture; janet; people; picture; rocky
• Hidden Slave Narratives: The Power of Teaching Empathy with Children’s Literature by Wilkes, Elisabeth (2015) - The situation of such children is compounded by cultural values and practices that rank children low in status, which encourages others to disregard their rights” (Van de Glind and Kooijmans 162). A s incredible as it may seem, there was a time when we as children were blissfully unaware that slavery existed. Keywords: book; children; empathy; holes; olaf; people; readers; sachar; slavery; snicket; stanley; system
• The Human Zoo: A Critique of Brett Bailey’s Exhibit B by Brown, Mercadies (2015) - In Bailey’s rendition, the women are enclosed The Human Zoo: A Critique of Brett Bailey’s Exhibit B Mercadies Brown, Ball State University Key Words: Brett Bailey, human zoo, slavery, Exhibit B, critique, colonial practice Abstract: This essay examines Exhibit B, a controversial art installation by South African artist Brett Bailey in which actors portray historical scenes of colonialism and slavery. They insist that my critique of human zoos and the objectifying, dehumanizing colonial/racist gaze is nothing more than a recreation of those spectacles of humiliation and control. Keywords: baartman; bailey; brett; exhibit; human; people; racism; zoos
• Ideological State Apparatuses in Dystopian Novels by Wise, Kory (2019) - 8 By Kory Wise Ideological State Apparatuses in Dystopian Novels 9 For roughly a century, dystopian novels have been a popular genre of literature among people of all ages. Their ongoing popularity begs readers to ask whether there is a common element to these novels that keeps people coming back for more. Keywords: althusser; bradbury; circle; eggers; fahrenheit; people; religion; state
• Native American Stereotypes in Literature: The Noble Savage, the Utopian Man by Brown, Katrina (2019) - DLR Journal 42 ABSTRACT Historically, Western White society has portrayed Native American societies as utopias that we can look to for political, spiritual, and artistic inspiration. In other words, if Native Americans were portrayed as noble savages, a people who are inherently better by virtue of being uncivilized (think Adam and Eve), then Native American societies were simultaneously portrayed as inherently utopian. Keywords: american; european; native; new; people; savage; society; white
• Pay-to-Play: The Utopia for Capitalists in Black Mirror's "Fifteen Million Merits" by Garrett, Jacob (2019) - The products that they serve to the workers for merits are also marked up in cost, just like the items that would be for sale in company towns. Just like the workers in company towns were only paid with scrip that was good at the local store, the merits that the people in Black Mirror are paid with are (as far as the viewer can tell) only good for purchasing items within the commune itself. Keywords: bing; commune; company; merits; people; pullman; society; utopia; workers
• The American Midwestern Haunting: The Asylum Lives On by Ladner, Jo (2020) - These asylums, however, very quickly became overcrowded and, in a combined total of asylum patients nationwide, housed nearly half a million patients Digital Literature Review 3 115 during the late 1950s and mid 1960s, right before the mass shutdown of many of these asylums. Asylum patients, however, are not the only residents of these graveyards. Keywords: american; asylums; ghost; hospital; patients; people; state; stories; violence
• Stolen Spirits: The Appropriation of the Windigo Spirit in Horror Literature by Hunchman, Kallie Nicole (2020) - While Western horror authors have appropriated the windigo as a scary, animalistic, wild monster seeking to kill white men and reacting in a rage to colonialism, windigo stories have Digital Literature Review 9 109 important moral meanings and implications. By looking at the depictions of windigo in specific Western stories and Native beliefs, the ways in which appropriation has long-lasting effects on the perceptions of Native American cultures by the average consumer and even scien- tific communities becomes apparent. Keywords: american; appropriation; blackwood; cultures; literature; people; stories; windigo
• Taking a Look in the Mirror: :The Inversion of Middle Class Fears of Urban Decay and the Representation of Racial Violence in Bernard Rose's Candyman by Garrett, Jacob (2020) - When a janitor at the university tells Helen that her cousin’s friend was murdered by Candyman at the Cabrini-Green develop- ment, Helen decides to investigate further, taking Bernadette with her. This detail is revisited when Helen and Bernadette are exploring Cabrini-Green, where Helen crawls through a hole where a mirror used to be to find a shrine to Candyman hidden in a rotting apartment. Keywords: bernadette; cabrini; candyman; class; fact; fear; film; green; helen; people; white
• The White Lens of Crime Media: Examining Minority Underrepresentation in American Media and its Consequences by Caleb Hardesty (2023) - This bias makes it harder for the stories of minority groups to be heard and can be damaging to their communities in the long run. Following this, my argument will use Huey P. Newton’s Revolutionary Suicide as a historical representation and firsthand account of the ways in which the judicial system is inherently biased towards minority groups and how their representation in the media The White Lens Of Crime Media: Examining Minority Underrepresentation in American Media and its Consequences Caleb Hardesty, Ball State University 13 Introduction Nearly every facet of media in the United States is tainted by the racist precedent set by reporters over the course of the last two hundred years. Keywords: communities; groups; media; minority; newton; panthers; people; police; public; representation
• Cogs in the Machine: An Analysis of American Psycho by Keeler, Rachel (2023) - It is not a coincidence that the first victim Ellis has Bateman attack is a homeless man. While I would agree that Bateman being white and wealthy are key in understanding this novel, Ellis is not focused on Bateman’s identity itself, but rather what it represents, which is that those who gained the most from Reaganomics and who hoarded wealth and power caused economic despair upon the middle and lower classes. Keywords: bateman; capitalism; ellis; novel; owen; people; society; victims; violence; words
• The Power of Language: Strengthening Chicano Voices Through Song by Anna Grile (2025) - The name acts as an immediate attention grabber for multiple audiences, and this is only the beginning of how Chicano Batman is spreading visibility for Chicano people as a band. Their Chicano representation directly acts as a powerful influence that can inspire and empower Chicano people of all ages and reduces previous negative stereotypes. Keywords: batman; chicano; cover; land; people; song; states; united

• Zombies Say More Than "Uungh": A Walker's Social Commentary by Walter, Shannon (2017) - While there is a vast inventory of zombie film and television to explore, two specific works are the best representation of zombie commentary in relation to this argument: 28 Days Later (2002) and Night of the Living Dead (1968). Zombies Say More Than “Uungh”: A Walker’s Social Commentary From 1975 on, there has been a significant spike in the production of zombie films. Keywords: commentary; dead; film; monster; society; violence; walking; zombie
• The Haunt of Injustice: Exploring Homophobia in Vampire Literature by Nee, Clare (2020) - Carmilla and Dracula portray the hunts for and vio- lent deaths of homosexual vampires to underscore the normalized marginalization of homosex- uals, a cultural haunting that extends into modern society. This piece exposes the gothic depictions of homophobic societies and reveals the ways in which homophobic violence still remains a prevalent issue with- in the contemporary world. Keywords: carmilla; dracula; literature; power; society; stoker; vampire
• It’s All About the Punch(line): The Crossing of Masculinity’s Border as Portrayed in Todd Phillips’ Joker by Scoma, Sam (2022) - There are easily dozens, even hundreds of bystanders who watch Fleck chase down the mischievous sign- snatching teens in the film’s opening scene, yet all refuse to respond to his frantic cries for help (Phillips). His adoption of violence as a problem-solving method is the most apparent sign that feeble Fleck has hopped over toxic masculinity’s border, taking Kimmel’s adage to heart; it really is better to be mad than sad (45). Keywords: border; film; fleck; joker; kimmel; male; man; masculinity; men; phillips; society; violence
• “Realistic Villains”: Examining Social Commentary in Crime Films through Knives Out and Bodies Bodies Bodies by Davis, Caitlin (2023) - After establishing the relationship between crime films and society, recognizing social commentary within crime films, and acknowledging its importance, it is vital to exemplify these points with recent crime films that epitomize certain types of social commentary using their story elements. Bodies Bodies Bodies focuses on couple Bee and Sophie as they join Sophie’s upper-class influencer friends for a weekend of partying, but mystery ensues when one of the friends is found dead, leaving only those within the house as suspects. Keywords: bodies bodies; crime; films; harlan; johnson; knives; society
• Smooth Criminals: An Introduction to the Prevalence and Power of True Crime and Crime Fiction in Society by Hughes, Bella; Edwards, Makayla; Hardesty, Caleb; Keeler, Rachel; Holmberg, Hannah (2023) - True crime narratives, too, can fall into these same biases when sensationalism is favored over accurate reporting, which Caleb Hardesty sheds light on in his essay “The White Lens of Crime Media: Our goal was to reach a broad audience of authors and readers from the already diverse world of crime narratives. Keywords: crime; fiction; genre; media; narratives; society

• Beware the House that Feels: The Impact of Sentient House Hauntings on Literary Families by Starling, Ashley (2014) - Sentient house hauntings are therefore unique in that there is no safety at all to be taken from the haunted house; the only permanent solution to escaping the haunting would be to completely abandon the home, leaving behind the family history and memories associated with the structure. Although the resolutions of sentient house hauntings do often involve a family death, one of the other high prices paid is the mental changes seen in its characters. Keywords: family; haunting; hill house; house; madness; sentient; sentient house; usher
• Peace at Last: Grappling with Ghosts and the Family Structure in The Sixth Sense and The Haunting of Hill House by Parham, Isabel (2020) - Both characters are unable to let go of the past, with Cole keeping his father’s watch and glasses and Eleanor feeling as though the house brings up mem- ories of her mother to haunt her. Ghost stories evoke a sense of the uncanny because spirits reside in a liminal space, a space of uncertainty. Keywords: cole; eleanor; family; ghosts; haunting; house; sense
• “Outside the Gate”: Family, Selfhood, and Post-Traumatic Growth in Shirley Jackson’s The Haunting of Hill House by O'Nail, Dillon (2020) - The Digital Literature Review 7 59 Haunting of Hill House fails to provide any explicit explanation for Eleanor’s trauma, but the an- swer lies within the novel’s exploration and criticism of family structures. The constricting demands family structures had for women failed Eleanor, not vice versa. Keywords: eleanor; family; haunting; hill; house; jackson; novel; trauma
• Food for the Dogs: Consumption and Wealth Inequality in Bong Joon-Ho's Parasite by Hagemann, Tauri (2021) - While the Kims are lounging around the house enjoying the Parks’ food and drink, daughter Ki-Jung inspects this package of dog food and scoffs upon seeing what it is composed of. It’s not just their young son who enjoys cheap food—it’s the adults in the house as well who supposedly have an appreciation for the ‘finer things in life’ that would exclude something this simple. Keywords: class; family; film; food; kim; parasite; parks
• The Parasite of Society: Food and Class Studies in Bong Joon-ho’s Film Parasite by Turner, Emily (2021) - While this is a critical- ly-acclaimed film, there is not much scholarship devot- ed to food studies, concerning social class in Parasite; therefore, I am drawing upon movie reviews as well as scholarly work about food in media. Food studies in this film provide rich and complex meaning beyond the overlying message that Bong aims to promote: Bong intentionally placed food in Parasite to define the capitalistic structures that extend the gap between the rich and the poor. Keywords: bong; class; family; film; food; kim; parasite
• Eat the Rich: The Parasitic Relationship Between Socioeconomic Groups as explored through film by Bong Joon-Ho’s Parasite and Snowpiercer by Ramos-Niaves, Vincent (2021) - The dialogue is followed by the involvement of chicken, specifically eggs, which operate as an enforcer of class roles similarly to Parasite’s use of water. With this spatial divide, we see food spac- es change in order to reinforce a binary idea of how class structure exists. Keywords: bong; class; family; film; food; parasite; snowpiercer; train
• Considering Societal, Psychological and Geographical Borders in Dayton & Faris’s 2006 film Little Miss Sunshine by Fowler, Eden (2022) - Borders and boundaries of all forms are encountered in the 2006 forms are encountered in the 2006 road movie road movie Little Miss SunshineLittle Miss Sunshine, directed , directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris. Fowler 58 Considering Societal, Psychological, and Geographical Borders in Dayton & Faris’s 2006 film Little Miss Sunshine Eden Fowler, University of Sheffield When considering borders and When considering borders and boundaries, our initial interpretation boundaries, our initial interpretation often responds with a recognition of often responds with a recognition of the geographical borders which divide the geographical borders which divide and organize our world. Keywords: borders; boundaries; dwayne; family; film; miss; olive; sunshine
• The Mysteriously Murderous Manors of Crime Fiction: An Examination of Setting in Knives Out by Gonzalez, Angelo (2023) - Unlike other crime fiction settings, Knives Out utilizes technology in order to put together pieces of the crime, instead of eliminating its use, as is common in crime fiction settings. This essay seeks to examine the tropes of setting common to crime fiction utilized in the film and how they contribute to the narrative, aiding Rian Johnson in creating a nostalgic film that harkens back to the stories of Agatha Christie, but offers a unique vision of the future of crime film. Keywords: crime; crime fiction; family; fiction; film; knives; setting
• Post-Migration and Embracing Identity Multiplicity by Carter, Kaira (2025) - By embracing her multiple identities, Fabiola unites her family from both worlds and learns to accept herself. Wanting to leave Haiti to live with their American family, Fabiola tries to enter America with her undocumented mother, who is arrested at the airport and put into a detainment center. Keywords: american; fabiola; family; groups; haitian; identity; new; street; zoboi
• Stitch: The Creation, The Model Citizen, and The Reality Discovered Through Exile by King, Emily (2025) - Lilo & Stitch provides a complex yet comprehensible introduction to migration stories, targeting a younger audience but reaching far broader demographics. According to a New York Times article by A.O. Scott, Lilo & Stitch is “an example of quiet, confident craftsmanship that tells a sweet, charming tale of intergalactic friendship;” however, the movie is far more complex than the simplicity posed by Scott. Keywords: alien; audience; family; lilo; migration; movie; nani; stitch

• Dead End Job: A Critical Edition of "The Transferred Ghost" by Frank Stockton by Eflin, Jackson; Faunce, Wendy; Means, Brittany (2014) - This story is important in the history of ghost stories and the literature of haunting because it is so remark- ably different from our modern conception of ghost stories as horror. He, like the white-collar work- ers of the time, must compete with other ghosts for em- ployment. Keywords: class; ghost; hinckman; idea; john; madeline; new; protagonist; stockton; story; time; way
• Shadows and Specters: A Critical Edition of “The Shadow in the Corner” by M.E. Braddon by Heffner, Rachael; Palmer, Elizabeth; Palmer, Malorie; Wolfe, Esther (2014) - A diary entry from Arthur Munby, written in the 1800’s, illustrates the spectrality of the female working class through Mun- by’s erotic obsession with the transgression of categories of race, class, and gender by working class women. In addi- tion, a diary entry from Munby’s partner Hannah Cull- wick, herself a member of the female working class, reveals the spectral visibility of working class women by pairing descriptions of erasure with descriptions of labor. Keywords: bascom; braddon; class; corner; daniel; female; girl; house; labor; lady; life; maria; master; michael; old; room; shadow; sir; skegg; woman; work; working
• The Cultural Significance of "Jack and the Beanstalk" by Grosh, Madeline M.H.; McBride, Aidan S.; Ross-Wilcox, KJ (2017) - This accident gave Jack time to get on the Beanstalk and hasten down it; but just as he reached their own garden he beheld the Giant descending after him. Still the Giant came on so fast that he was quite close to poor Jack, and had stretched out his great hand to catch him. Keywords: beanstalk; castle; class; giant; giantess; jack; lang; mcbride; mother; prince; ross; story; time; wilcox
• Life’s a Peach: The Convergence of Sexuality and Class in Guadagnino’s Call Me by Your Name by Warren, Allen (2021) - Distinctions of class and a parasitism by the most affluent of their workers cultivate the par- adise where director Luca Guadagnino sets the blos- soming romance between Elio and Oliver. No written discussion of the film seems to escape a discussion of its food, first among them the peach, which serves as a masturbatory tool while Chalamet’s character, Elio, waits in a barn loft for Oliver, played by Armie Hammer. Keywords: class; elio; essay; film; food; new; oliver; peach; perlmans; villa; warren
• Currency and Border Crossings: The Role of Social Class in Exit West and Girl at War by McKee, Erin (2022) - Class borders and the to cross borders. Class borders and the importance of money to go from one importance of money to go from one place to another play a key role in these place to another play a key role in these novels and in the main characters’ novels and in the main characters’ lives. Keywords: borders; class; exit; girl; money; saeed; war
• Money Moves: Class-Based Scapegoats and the Decolonization of Literary Crime Fiction by Ellis, Riley (2023) - French and Braithwaite’s understanding of this dichotomy allows them to utilize Korede, Mohammed, and the groundskeeper to establish class-contexts and subsequent identity politics necessary to prompt a confrontation against the status quo with regard to crime fiction genre conventions. There’s the primary and most prevalent scapegoat, Korede, who becomes increasingly suspected and blamed as Ayoola, Korede’s sister, continues murdering her romantic partners. Keywords: braithwaite; class; crime; french; korede; scapegoat; sister

• Offred Versus June: The Purpose of the Protagonist in The Handmaid's Tale by Goze, Grace (2019) - This, of course, leads to the discussion of why an on-screen Offred departs so much from novel Offred. The protagonist, Offred, plays a crucial role in both tellings of the story, but that role shifts depending on the medium. Keywords: atwood; gilead; handmaid; novel; offred; story; tale
• Hauntings of Bodies, Selves, and Houses: A Comparative Reading of Three of Emily Carroll’s Short Horror Comic Stories by O'Donnell, Eliza (2020) - Mothers and motherhood make for arguably Freudian horror material, as Gina Wisker discusses in her analytical review of horror stories and tropes with a focus on domestic horror. In Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock’s extensive analysis of how and why women tell and continue telling ghost stories, he notes that 19th-century Gothic women’s ghost stories attribute a transgressive function to “what gets ‘ghosted’—what tries to present itself but can only achieve a half-life existence” (138). Keywords: bell; carroll; creature; girl; horror; house; rebecca; story
• Counterstories in Cathy Park Hong's Minor Feelings by Vaught, Jack (2025) - These binaries create an exclusionary dynamic where, in the context of Asian American single stories, Asian Americans are neither fully accepted nor entirely rejected, reinforcing their status as perpetual foreigners. She acknowledges the silence embedded in Asian American narratives: The problem with silence is that it can’t speak up and say why it’s silent. Keywords: american; asian; english; experiences; feelings; hong; identity; narratives; stories; story; white

• A Critical Introduction to 12 Years a Slave by Hampshire, Kathryn; Longenberger, Bryce; Simmons, Ramona; Wolfe, Esther (2015) - The au- thors explore critical questions concerning the politics of representing trauma and violence, the politics of slave suicide, and the intersections of race and gender in the experiences of slave women. Snyder also states in her 2010 article that “slave suicide often has been rightly perceived as a form of defiance” and that it can indeed be seen as “‘the ultimate form of resistance’” that a slave can perform (42). Keywords: film; images; life; master; mcqueen; mistress; patsey; slave; slavery; solomon; suicide; trauma; violence; years
• Except That the Haunted, Hidden Thing Was Me: Ghostly Matters and Transsexual Haunting by Wolfe, Esther (2014) - Specifically, I illuminate the ways in which transsexual cultural haunting pro- duces “subjugated knowledge” of transsexual subjectivity—both oppressive forms of knowl- 43Ghostly Matters and Transsexual Haunting, Wolfe edge production and new epistemologies that exist “outside” of these abusive institutions of epistemic practice. Entering analysis of transsexual haunting through the site of language also allows us to recognize the structures of institutional power and abuse that further characterize transsexuality as an experience of cultural haunting. Keywords: body; gender; haunting; self; state; transsexual; transsexuality; violence; way
• The Desensitization to Violence and the Perpetuation of Oppression and Slavery in Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games Trilog by Longenberger, Bryce (2015) - “Q&A with Hunger Games Author Suzanne Collins.” The fighting that appears in the arena of the Hunger Games is situated in the larger society of Panem, which is the country in which The Hunger Games trilogy takes place. Keywords: capitol; citizens; collins; districts; gladiators; hunger games; slavery; violence
• Hope for Change in the Post-Apocalypse: Gender Roles in The Last of Us by Benkert, Bethany (2018) - There are many occasions where a traditional male, heroic, violent act that Joel performs is not presented as the right thing to do but is questioned, in-game and by the player. Characters must be the toughest to survive the story or game, and any weakness results in failure. Keywords: apocalypse; ellie; game; gender; joel; men; post; roles; video; violence
• “I see what I have been dreading”:Witnessing Food and Violence in Waiting for the Barbarians and In the Heart of the Country by Sinha, Nimisha (2021) - Magda, on the other hand, lives a life of domes- tic servitude and her vocabulary, therefore, consists of food objects, family meals, and the contents of “I see what I have been dreading”: Witnessing Food and Violence in Waiting for the Barbarians and In the Heart of the Country Nimisha Sinha, University of Hyderabad Essay 27 | Sinha the kitchen. This paper is a critical examination of the gazes that fall on food and on those who eat in J.M. Coetzee’s Keywords: consumption; eat; eating; food; gaze; magda; magistrate; violence

• Abject bodies and toxic flows in Ruth Ozeki’s My Year of Meats: Things that Give an Unclean Feeling (Shōnagon) by Salih, Hannah (2021) - Following the Purcell’s revelation, Jane shares with the reader reams of information about DES, a growth hormone used in American meat production and prescribed to pregnant women, once again drawing the two together under the industrial pharma-meat complex. What interests me, however, is not this operation of revelation but rather how the novel tackles this separation between meat consumption and production not just as an epistemological delineation but also as a material, ontological one. Keywords: abject; body; consumption; food; jane; meat; novel; ozeki

• Resurfacing Specters in the House of Media: The Ghosts of Columbine in American Horror Story: Murder House by Lynch, Jared (2014) - White baseball hats were worn by jocks at Columbine high school, a physical differentiation of social structure. Through media, and news media framing, the abstract attributes are just as powerful as viewing the physical specter; specific frames of Columbine are as much a part of the ghost as the physicality of a photo or video of one of the victims or perpetrators. Keywords: columbine; event; framing; house; media; murder; murder house; news; school; shooting
• Horrors of Society: The Reflection of Societal Fears in American Horror Films by Lilek, Brooke (2020) - American horror films, however, took a sharp turn into the realm of ghosts and demons as society’s fears of enemies and threats we could tangibly identify and see warped into fears of terrorism, mental illness, and technology. Poltergeist (1982) invokes American parents’ brewing repression of technological fears and the impact these fears have on children who watch too much TV, whereas Poltergeist (2015) uses repressed fears of financial instability in an economy recovering from a recession to conjure the poltergeist figure. Keywords: american; fear; film; horror; house; new; poltergeist; technology; television

• Reviewing the Critical Conversation about Django Unchained by Brount, Daniel; Brown, Mercadies; Slevey, Alex (2015) - When Django Unchained premiered in 2012, it was clear that this film was not like slavery films of the past. Much of the critique surrounding the recent film Django Unchained (2012) has been divisive, to say the least. Keywords: characters; django; film; hero; slavery; tarantino; unchained; web
• The Opposing Viewpoints of Slavery in Nineteenth-Century American Poetry: An Anthology by Yeary, Madison (2015) - Opening with the lines “Star of the North, thou art not bigger // Than is the dia- mond in my ring;” Pierpont flawlessly exemplifies the arrogance held by many southern slave owners. Here, he describes the prideful thoughts and rationale of many slave owners, ultimately portraying them simply as ignorant fools. Keywords: american; flower; holmes; liberty; longfellow; north; poems; slavery; star; thee; thou
• Children in Chains: On the Productive and Exploitative Tendencies of Representation in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit by Hampshire, Kathryn (2015) - In SVU, the storyline of several episodes includes depictions of child victims, often in the context of trafficking. This calls into question whether the program’s emphatic and disproportionate use of child victims is as innocent as it may at first appear. Keywords: children; discourse; episode; order; savior; slavery; svu; trafficking; trope; victims; viewers; way; white
• Speaking the Lacuna: The Archaeology of Plantation Slavery as Testimony by Wolfe, Esther (2015) - By referencing “a missing portion in a man- uscript,” alongside “an unfilled space or gap” and “a cavity or depression, especially in bone,” the Speaking the Lacuna: The Archaeology of Plantation Slavery as Testimony Esther Wolfe, Ball State University Key Words: Slavery, archaeology, forensics, anthropology, trauma studies, Shoshana Felman, Giorgio Agamben, Eyal Weizman Abstract: This paper examines plantation archaeology as a form of material testimony and bearing witness to the historical trauma of slavery. In the act of carving the “careful words” into the wall, Florens’s witness and literary testi- mony also becomes material testimony. Keywords: analysis; archaeology; lacuna; material; plantation; slavery; testimony; witness
• The Power of Language in and Following Moments of Trauma: An Analysis of A Stolen Life by Aprill, Morgan (2015) - This is exactly what we must do with the stories of survivors of child sexual slavery such as Jaycee Dugard. In June of 1991, a young Jaycee Dugard was taken off the street of her home- town neighborhood and forced into sexual slavery. Keywords: book; children; dugard; jaycee; phillip; slavery; trauma; words

• The Art of Persuasion: A Rhetorical Analysis of Amy Dunne’s Narration in Gone Girl by Bain, Ellen (2023) - Opposedly, Amy is a well-educated, wealthy white woman who is well known by many in the story due to her being the inspiration for the popular children’s book Amazing Amy. Furthermore, the character of Amazing Amy serves as a mirror to reflect good traits onto Amy’s character in the eye of the public. Keywords: amy; crime; girl; husband; media; nick; novel
• Exploring Religious Animal Symbolism in Louise Erdrich’s The Plague of Doves: An Exploration of Conflicting Animal Symbolism Between the Colonizer and the Colonized by Katelyn Mathew (2024) - This is likely because of the “interdependent relationship between animals and people” (Enoch 72) of many Native American religions. The dove seems to only have positive connotations in Western spirituality, which contrasts with the symbolism of doves in Native American religions. Keywords: american; billy; doves; erdrich; marn; novel; plague; power; religion

• The New Law of the Land: The Monster in No Country For Old Men by Callan, William (2023) - By looking at Chigurh through the lens of “monster theory,” we see that he fits the mold of the traditional villain in crime fiction stories, while also managing to surprise readers by just how nefarious he really is. While it would be misguided to assume Chigurh is completely inhuman, analyzing him with monster theory can reassure us of our own humanity in comparison to his ruthlessness. Keywords: chigurh; crime; mccarthy; monster; theory
• How Young Adult Crime Fiction Influences and Reflects Modern Adolescents: An Examination of Karen M. McManus’s One of Us Is Lying and One of Us Is Next by Katelyn Mathew (2023) - Despite catering towards a younger audience, young adult fiction— including young adult crime fiction—is a genre that deserves recognition and serious discussion. Applying social cognitive theory explored in the study conducted by Black and Barnes to the roles of adolescents in Karen M. McManus’s young adult mystery novel One of Us Is Lying and its sequel One of Us Is Next, this essay will analyze the novels’ adolescent characters to show how adolescent characters in young adult crime fiction reflect their young audiences’ desires to subvert adult hierarchies while still displaying acceptable morals and how they possibly influence their sense of morality. Keywords: adolescents; adult; audiences; characters; crime; fiction; simon

• Incursion Into Wendigo Territory by Eflin, Jackson (2014) - This repeated use of possession to describe “going Wendigo” suggests an unconscious connection between the Wendigo and ownership. But in the end, Pannoowau goes Wendigo. Keywords: colonial; goatman; history; narrative; narrator; native; pannoowau; print; space; stories; territory; wendigo
• Toxicity in Themes of Control: An Analysis of the Anglo-Western Cancer Rhetoric in A Monster Calls by Cavanagh, Natali (2017) - He gives Conor stories that do not make sense to Conor; while each of the three stories he tells are set in different times and places, they all emphasize complexity within morality. In the next sections, the paper will discuss the main monsters of the story (the cancer, the Monster, the nightmare vortex, and Conor as a monster), explaining their literary relationship with the story and how they converse within our culture’s current cancer narratives and rhetoric. Keywords: cancer; conor; control; disease; monster; mother; ness; stories

• Man's Hatred Has Made Me So: Freakification and the Shifting Gaze in The Phantom of the Opera (1925) by Hampshire, Kathryn (2016) - Indeed, Ian Conrich points out that freak shows and horror films alike explore “the boundary separating beast and mankind [that] is often challenged” by the monstrous portrayals characteristic of these movies (47). This scene of set destruction reinforces the preconceptions that audience members would have had based on freak shows, a context that would have insinuated that the freak, being less than human, does not belong in the company of man. Keywords: christine; erik; film; freak; gaze; human; mask; new; opera; phantom
• A Freak Show in District 9: The Construction of a Freak Amongst Aliens by Carducci, Jessica (2016) - This scene is set in a fast-food restaurant shown earlier in the film; the establishment is consistently crowded with customers, and Wikus shuffles in as just another person in the mass. As such, aliens arose to do the cultural work that human freaks could no longer do. Keywords: alien; district; film; freak; human; normate; prawns; wikus
• Anthropomorphism Unveiled: A Case Analysis of Isle of Dogs and Its Role in Mediating Multispecies Narratives by Hathaway, Eden (2024) - To review, Isle of Dogs is set in a dystopian near-future Japan where dogs have been quarantined on Trash Island due to an outbreak of a canine flu called Snout Fever. Declaring it as his “new favorite food” (00:57:39), Chief thanks Atari before the camera cuts to a close-up shot of the two moving forward on their journey, this time as true companions. Keywords: atari; chief; dogs; film; human; island; isle; pack

• Introduction by O'Nail, Dillon (2020) - Parham’s essay, “Peace at Last: Grappling with Ghosts and the Family Structure in The Sixth Sense and The Haunting of Hill House,” furthers our study of the self’s response to trauma and gender by connecting ghosts and hauntings to the heterosexual family. Apparently, ghost stories are more than jump-scares and ensuring the audience cannot sleep at night. Keywords: digital; fear; ghosts; hauntings; literature; self
• Mind the Gap: An Analysis of the Construction and Cultural Function of Borders in Media by Babcock, Grace; Walsh, Cara; Fehr, Cali; Hibbert, Aurora; Scoma, Sam; Sheinfeld, Calvin (2022) - Cultural expectations have perhaps the most influence on the construction of social borders. Therefore, we establish an increasing number of physical borders every day to divide groups which possess distinct social traits. Keywords: borders; brexit; culture; essay; identity; introduction; literature; ways
• “Finding Home- Migration, Exile, and Diaspora in Our Lives” Introduction by Byers, Natalie; Edwards, Theo; Carlson, Emma; Mayeaux, Victoria (2025) - According to Asya Pisarevskaya, “Various scholars have argued that the growth of migration studies has kept pace not only with the growing prominence of migration itself but also with the growing attention of nation–states in particular towards controlling migration” (456). Migration studies developed throughout the 20th century, which is relatively recent in human history, given that human beings have always migrated. Keywords: digital; literature; migration; studies

• Ghosts of Loss: Christina Rossetti's Haunted Poetry by Weller-Passman, Ruth; Fluharty, Mackenzie; Starling, Ashley (2014) - O, how cd I ever bear it, but for that One Death of Him Who met it at the hands of wicked men…” “At Home” 1862 | Rossetti’s Ghosts “The Ghost’s Petition” covers many of the themes and concepts that Christina Rossetti loved to explore in her writing. 186 General Introduction | A Time to Change, A Time to Mourn Christina Rossetti was a Victorian British poet best known for her fantastical work “Goblin Market” (1862). Keywords: cavendish; death; ghost; grief; husband; life; petition; poem; robin; rossetti; wife
• Death in the Digital World by Goff, Erin (2020) - We must consider the opposing remaining images of a loved one as their online presence, the entity created by digital memory, and the ever-present memory we create through our grief. Companies have already set up paid websites to house virtual memories and sued estates of the famous to make money off of holograms. Keywords: accounts; dead; death; digital; grief; online
• Dreams, Doors, and Death: Exploring Liminal Space and Mortality in Exit West and The Farming of Bones by Babcock, Grace (2022) - In Edwidge Danticat’s Edwidge Danticat’s The Farming of BonesThe Farming of Bones, , the linear historical narrative her main the linear historical narrative her main character Amabelle creates is interspersed character Amabelle creates is interspersed with bolded sequences that draw from with bolded sequences that draw from both her memories and her dreams. Amabelle matures rapidly because of her past traumatic experiences, but as a consequence she becomes an increasingly internal, isolated person, while Nadia and Saeed in contrast must cling to the familiar, to each other, in order to navigate their new world post-portal. Keywords: amabelle; danticat; death; dreams; nadia; saeed; space
• “A Border is a Veil”: Death as a Border in The Farming of Bones and The Book Thief by Maguire, Brigid (2022) - Maguire 83 “A Border is a Veil”: Death as a Border in The Farming of Bones and The Book Thief Brigid Maguire, Ball State University Within literature, death has always been Within literature, death has always been a common theme. Death creates a border both physical and spiritual, rigid yet perme-physical and spiritual, rigid yet perme- able, and one that is displayed through able, and one that is displayed through the personification of death by Danticat the personification of death by Danticat and Zusak.and Zusak. Keywords: amabelle; border; death; liesel

• The Formation of Separatism in Shelley's The Last Man: A Struggle to Overcome the "Primitive" and Live in a World of the Abject by Davis, Mikayla (2019) - In this context, we can see that Shelley marks separatism as leading to dystopia. Yet, Romantic author Mary Shelley blurs this assumed dichotomy—in which beautiful life and nature are united as one in opposition to death and destruction—in her novel The Last Man. Keywords: abject; life; plague; primitive; shelley

• At Home in Babel: The Language of Hyperreality in the Immigrant Narrative by Shacher, Abigail (2020) - The experience of trauma brings about interesting effects on personal reality and the landscape of the imagination. A real without origin or reality Published in 1981, Simulacra and Simulation is a philosophical treatise by Jean Baudril- lard seeking to disentangle the relationships among reality, symbols, and society. Keywords: díaz; experience; home; hyperreality; immigrant; language; layla; narrative; new; oscar; reality; trauma

• Spells, Spirits, and Charms in the Harlem Renaissance by Battaglia, Jamie (2014) - Spells, Spirits, and Charms in the Harlem Renaissance Jamie Battaglia, Washington and Jefferson College This article analyzes specific examples of magic found in two major artistic outlets of the Harlem Renaissance, jazz, and literature. With the migration northward to places like Harlem, African Americans brought their culture and traditional voodoo beliefs, songs, and dances with them (23). Keywords: african; harlem; harlem renaissance; hoodoo; new; power; race; renaissance; revenge

• Beyond Bars: How Print and Visual Media Contributed to the Exploitation of the Dionne Quintuplets and the Gosselin Sextuplets by Orchard, Amory (2016) - While it is true that the depiction of the Gosselins does not seem to try to be perfect, both representations feature scenes where the female children adopt the roles often associated with their gender: taking care of other children or their toys. If the genre’s purpose is to show what daily life is like for its subjects who are interacting in an environment they are accustomed to, how could this be harmful for child subjects? Keywords: children; day; dionne; film; girls; gosselin; jon; kate; media; print

• Gender Performance: From the Freak Show to Modern Drag by Germann, Olivia (2016) - Drag queens choose to be drag queens, and, while some drag queens, like Carmen Carrera and Kenya Michaels, have come out as trans, drag does not disqualify the existence of transpeople; rather, drag queens offer their voices and support for those fighting against gender stereotypes for men, women, non-binary, and transpeople everywhere. By examining some of the modern elements of drag, it is possible to see how these performers circumvented the laws, preju- dices, and discrimination aimed towards them to create a booming industry where drag queens appear on national television and are treated with the respect that they had previously been denied. Keywords: drag; freak; gender; laws; men; performance; queens; rupaul; web
• Princesses or Monsters? An Analysis of the Role of the Freak Show in Toddlers & Tiaras by Seitz, Lauren (2016) - As competitiveness in child beauty pageants and the desire to outdo the other contestants grew, young girls were encouraged to wear caked-on makeup, fake eyelashes, expensive dresses, and hair extensions. Child beauty pageants are explicit in communicating to their competitors what the ideal notion of beauty is. Keywords: beauty; child; contestants; display; freak; girls; pageants; shows; tiaras; toddlers

• Africa Speaks?: Black MOnsters and Revisionary History in Horror Films by Hernandez, Arlette (2017) - The explorers in Night of the Sorcerers wish to spread awareness about the endangered species of West Africa, the family in Panga wants to bring prosperity to barren African territories, and the British in Dominion attempt to help Africa through medicine and political organization. In reading horror films through a lens of postcolonial theory, a dominant theme is that of contagion. Keywords: africa; africans; continent; darkness; dominion; films; horror; night; panga; sorcerers

• Political Polarization and Demonic Possession: How American Culture is Haunted by its Own Fascination with Good and Evil by Burns, Ashley (2020) - One specific aspect of American politics that significantly impacts American culture and the media it produces is the concept of political polarization, or the divergence of political attitudes to ideolog- ical extremes. Interestingly, the impact these ideological extremes hold on American culture resulting from political polarization extends its haunting influence into the horror genre, specifically in the form of depictions of de- monic possession. Keywords: american; culture; evil; exorcist; good; movie; polarization; possession; time

• What am I?: Nineteenth-Century Medical Science, Intersexuality, and Freakification in the Life of Karl Hohmann by Carducci, Jessica; Haste, Allison; Longenberger, Bryce (2016) - For many, the fascination of this “true lateral hermaphrodite” was the idea that the intersex individual could maintain both sexes simultaneously, which supported the notions of the gender and sex binary. Instead, scientists of the nineteenth century worked to understand the human body through the preexisting idea of a gender and sex binary. Keywords: binary; century; female; gender; hohmann; intersex; karl; sex

• Dealing With Our Bloody Past: Repression vs. Recognition of American History in Stanley Kubrick's The Shining by McBride, Kameron (2014) - Jack as damaged goods Jack Torrance is not a mentally stable person at the beginning of The Shining. Significantly, Jack wants to stay inside the hotel’s maze rather than explore its surroundings…Symbolically, he wants to “forget” himself (Jack Torrance in the present time) and to “remember” not how to escape from the center of the maze but how to command its static and enclosed timelessness. Keywords: danny; film; ghosts; history; hotel; jack; kubrick; maze; overlook; past
• The Spirit of a Thought in a Fictional World: Summoning Ghosts to the Stage by Weller-Passman, Ruth (2014) - Yet this fourth wall is easily perforated, as theatre provides a uniquely acces- sible and relatable experience by using human performers as its canvas—it seems to invite audience members to imagine themselves in the place of the characters. 88 The Spirit of a Thought in a Fictional World: Summoning Ghosts to the Stage Ruth Weller-Passman, Ball State University Works of art are inherently spectral in that they are fictional representations of life and reality, particularly theatre, which brings a nonexistent world to life by creating layers of performance between audience and actors, and even the characters of the play. Keywords: audience; ghosts; mrs; oswald; performance; silence; theatre

• The Fate of a Materialistic Buddhist: A Cultural Editioin of "Jikininki" by Lafcadio Hearn by Cavanagh, Natali; James, Sarah; Walter, Shannon (2017) - Japanese folk religion places a significant importance on its treatment of the dead, with ancestral worship and the sanctity of mountains being core attributes to their traditions (Hori 416). “Jikininki” is an excellent example of how these two traditions intersect; Muso Kokushi, a Zen Buddhist priest, represents the great tradition of major philosophy, while the Jikininki represents the little tradition of ancestor worship and respect for 3Cavanagh, James, Walter the dead in rural Japanese folk traditions. Keywords: buddhist; dead; hearn; japan; jikininki; monster; muso; priest; village; zen
• Predator vs. Prey: The Human Monstrosity in Attack on Titan by Griffis, Emily (2017) - The humans in Attack on Titan harbor an unfathomable hatred for the Titans, especially the unknown Colossal and Armored Titans, but 5Griffis we must question whether this hatred is manifested by the pain they cause or the power and strength they hold compared to human vulnerability. They even possess an impossibly light weight given their size (“Special Operations Squad”), and they have no reproductive organs, making it unclear how new Titans are produced (“First Battle”). Keywords: anime; attack; cohen; eren; humanity; humans; monster; titans; wall

• The Unseen Fat Woman: Fatness, Stigma, and Invisibility in Mrs. Wolowitz from The Big Bang Theory by Longenberger, Bryce (2016) - The episode suggests that fat bodies can only be shown if they are not real fat bodies. This essay analyzes the implications of removing the fat body from visual displays and how the show situates Mrs. Wolowitz within the contexts of the freak show, fat stigma, and correc- tive health narratives, which ultimately demands that fat bodies never be displayed to viewers. Keywords: bang; big; body; fat; fatness; mrs; new; theory; wolowitz; york
• The Art of Being Attentive and Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway: An Analysis of Plant Influences in Mrs. Dalloway and their Multispecies Application by Godleski, Maria (2024) - As I previously mentioned, it would seem that Godleski 78 Clarissa often associates specific flowers with specific people in her life. Something that often goes overlooked when view- ing Mrs.Dalloway through those various lenses is the multitude of meaningful interactions with flow- ers that the novel’s namesake, Clarissa Dalloway, has throughout the novel. Keywords: clarissa; dalloway; flowers; mrs; woolf

• The Cinematic Killer: Cameras and Peeping Tom by Wilde, Madison (2017) - Cameras become their own characters in Peeping Tom through personification, which is achieved through Mark’s relationship with cameras. Mark’s violent fetish and both his jobs, adult picture photographer and studio camera operator, involve cameras. Keywords: camera; documentary; film; mark; reality; tom; victims

• The Evolution of Modern Zombie Comedies by Garrett, Katie (2018) - In the past, even though zombie comedies criticized the unquestioned conventions of zombie movies, they also displayed their potential for presenting lazy, sexist, and racist caricatures of life. This essay explores the beginnings of zombie comedy movies, their evolution throughout the past decade, and the implications of this genre’s new relevance and its politics. Keywords: comedies; comedy; dead; movies; sheila; zombie; zombieland

• Birds of a Feather: A Comparative Analysis of Rio (2011) and the Migrant Experience by Byers, Natalie (2025) - As he unlocks more memories of his past—once through a flashback to the beginning of the movie as Blu dances with Jewel at 0:54:20—and grows to love the little tastes of freedom he gains through his wild adventures with Jewel and his friends, he still values the knowledge and carefulness from his American upbringing. More specifically, this essay includes in-depth character analysis for the protagonist, Blu, a rare Macaw originally from Brazil but raised in the United States, who finds his way back to Rio de Janeiro. Keywords: blu; brazil; brazilian; film; identity; jewel; rio

• Multispecies Encounters: An Introduction to the Previous and Ongoing Multispecies Research and Its Relationship to Literary Criticism by Allen, Sam; Elrod, Lilly; Godleski, Mia; Hunthant, Piyesone; Johnson, Jordyn (2024) - When relating this theory to literary criticism, essayists in “Multispecies Encounters” explored the nonhuman narrator, plant and animal life as independent actors, the complications with an anthropomorphized animal character, and how science-fiction genre expectations can lend to viewing our environment as an independent organism. Katelyn Mathew in “Exploring Religious Animal Symbolism in Louise Erdrich’s The Plague of Doves” explores religious animal symbolism in literature, and how it represents human emotion and premonition, both positive and negative, and how the symbolism changes over cultures and religions. Keywords: analysis; multispecies; nonhuman; theory

• Borders of Masculinity: The Hero's Journey in the Marvel Cinematic Universe by Walsh, Cara (2022) - These three heroes demonstrate how toxic masculinity heroes demonstrate how toxic masculinity creates borders to their personal growth and creates borders to their personal growth and progression along the hero’s journey.progression along the hero’s journey. Even after many of them seem to become recognized heroes by their community, they continue to struggle with living up to their own perceptions of masculinity. Keywords: avengers; hero; iron; man; masculinity; thor; tony

• A Place to Mourn: Why the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is Crucial to American Healing by Hobbs, Rebekah (2014) - Washington, District of Columbia: Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, 1980. The Viet- nam Veterans Memorial, however, makes no such pretenses, and remains a blank slate for whatever the viewer saw in the war, and what they see in themselves. Keywords: memorial; names; place; veterans; vietnam; vietnam veterans; wall; war
• Stranger Danger: The Imperialist Tendencies of Peacemakers by Ellis, Riley (2022) - The abuses occurring within the Congo are not the first associated with UN organizations. As of March 2017, an Associated Press investigation found roughly “2,000 allegations of sexual abuse or exploitation” against UN peacekeepers and staff (Daigle and Dodds). Keywords: hamid; lack; nations; nović; organizations; peace; peacekeepers; peacekeeping; war

• The Enduring Alienation of Black Bodies and Migrants: A Comparative Analysis of James Baldwin's "Stranger in the Village" and Teju Cole's "Black Body" by Mayeaux, Victoria (2025) - Meanwhile, many Black Americans cannot say the same; that history was lost to time and stolen by terrors of the past, bleeding into the present. These moments of casual racism carry a deep and cutting weight, tying Baldwin’s personal experience to the broader historical trauma experienced by Black Americans under systemic prejudice. Keywords: alienation; americans; baldwin; cole; migrants; stereotypes; village

• Featured Artist: Allison Akers by Akers, Allison (2019) - I like to think of utopias as modern sirens. EMBODIED UTOPIAS AND DYSTOPIAS Featured Artist: Allison Akers For my artwork, I wanted to focus on creatures that may not often be associated with utopia, but that I took to represent utopian and dystopian ideals both from the way I designed them and their representation in nature, literature, film. Keywords: utopia

• An Exploration of the Ford Within The Remains of the Day by Forbing, Cassidy (2022) - The Ford symbolizes freedom because it not only allows Stevens to be on the open road, away from Darlington Hall, but also symbolizes the freedom of Stevens understanding and accepting his past. As Stevens motors along, the audience learns of his past at Darlington Hall through his meta-thoughts over the span of the trip. Keywords: america; day; ford; ishiguro; remains; stevens; vehicle
• My Neighbor is Lesser: A Look At Xenophobic Social Borders That Would Lead To Brexit by Fulghum, Natalie (2022) - Immigrants, who are looked down upon because they look like immigrants, still possess able and worthy bodies, just like the clones. Thus, this shows how the abuse of immigrant bodies was prominent and expected even before Brexit was introduced and depicts a moral border that Okwe struggles to cross. Keywords: brexit; clones; immigrants; ishiguro

• My Philodendron’s Favorite Music is Beethoven: Considerations of Plant Sentience in Elif Shafak's The Island of Missing Trees by Hardison, Mina (2024) - These nutrients are also available then for the trees and other plants, which use them to produce more sugar for themselves—and the network. It can be seen through this that the fig tree chooses optimism and solidifies a literary evolution of creative narratives from plant life. Keywords: consciousness; fig; humans; intelligence; plants; sentience; studies; tree

• Confronting Potential Cultural Barriers in Translated Works by Grenier, Olivia (2022) - Diverse literature presents the possibility of a cultural barrier to arise, but the intention of the authors like Kingston to create such spaces of cultural translation could dismantle that barrier before it becomes invincible. cultural barrier disrupts their work. Keywords: barrier; cisneros; kingston; reader; translation; woman

• Perspectives of Civilization: New Beginnings After the End by Johnson, Peter Anto (2018) - Instead of directly glamorizing civilization Civilization and nature are quite intimately connected, and, as a result, a catastrophic change in the environment can produce significant alterations to both the understandings and perceptions of civilization. By ignoring Thoreau’s criticism, the mauling, brainwashing tendencies of modern civilization continues to permeate humanity, as seen in the article “Why Modern Civilization Is a Vicious Circle” by Shane Parrish (2016). Keywords: berger; civilization; cronon; nature; parrish; thoreau

• Featured Artist: Gabriella Marcarelli by Marcarelli, Gabriella (2018) - In this post-apocalyptic world, Shih Tzus are apex predators, and humans are their main prey. Featured Artist: Gabriella Marcarelli New College of Florida We are thrilled to share five pieces of art by the talented Gabriella Marcarelli, as well as her artistic rationale for her work. Keywords: marcarelli

• Two Hoosiers' Ramen by Warren, Allen (2021) - Dry tofu until no longer sopping. Cook everything together until ramen is tender and water boils. Keywords: ramen

• The "Perfect" Latte According to a Benumbed Barista by Mohler, Andrea (2021) - Photo by Tyler Nix on Unsplash Recipe Mohler | 14 Description: two mugs with frothed milk on a counter top. The “Perfect” Latte, According to a Benumbed Barista Andrea Mohler Arabica Beans Milk of any variety Flavoring syrup or Flavor sauce of choice 7-9 grams per shot 12 oz 5 pumps 2 1/2 pumps Pour at least 15 grams of the arabica beans into a coffee grinder and grind until the beans are reduced to a smooth, sand-like texture. Keywords: cup

• Spam Fried Rice by Roesler, Ian (2021) - This recipe is a variation of a recipe that I got from a deck of playing cards with Spam recipes on them. When skillet is ready add enough sesame oil to cover bottom of pan then add Spam. Keywords: spam

• Pineapple Chicken Pizza by Jett, Benjamin (2021) - Pineapple Chicken Pizza Benjamin Jett 1 cup of chopped pineapples 1 cup of pineapple juice 1 sliced green pepper and carrot 1 cup of pre-cooked sliced chicken 1 lb. dough, homemade or store bought Any additional veggies or toppings 1 cup of mozzarella cheese This recipe is a pizza-fied version of a dish I personally love from my Filipino background, pininyahang manok. Make sure to keep the juice for the sauce base while you sauté the pineapples and pineapple juice to give it a more viscous consistency. Keywords: pineapple

• Great Grandma's Chocolate Toast by Harrison, Shelby (2021) - Great Grandma’s Chocolate Toast Shelby Harrison Unsweetened Cocoa Powder (Hershey’s Cocoa Recommended) All-Purpose Flour Salt White Sugar Milk (2% Recommended) Preferred Toast 1 Tbs Per Person 1 Tbs Per Person A Dash Per Person ¼ Cup Per Person 1 Cup Per Person 2 Slices Per Person My great grandmother was born in Hazard County, Kentucky in 1909. Throughout my childhood, I would wake up to the smell of chocolate toast in the kitchen next to my bedroom and hear the noises of my mother moving pans around. Keywords: person

• Filipino Turon (Fried Plantain!) by Henkin, Kaila (2021) - To make turon, you first mix 1 cup of brown sugar and 0.25 cup of white sugar in its own bowl. Then, take a single part of plantain and roll it in the sugar, making sure it’s completely covered. Keywords: plantain

• Espresso Brownies by Adams, Jianni (2021) - Espresso Brownies Jianni Adams 1. Box of desired brownie mix 2. Description: Stack of three chocolate brownies on white table. Keywords: mix

• Carrot Cake and Cream Cheese Icing by Hagemann, Tauri (2021) - Cake 2 cups flour 2 cups sugar 1 tsp baking powder 1 tsp ground cinnamon 3 cups finely shredded carrots 1 cup cooking oil 4 eggs Icing (2) 3oz. packages cream cheese 1/2 cup softened margarine or butter 2 tsp vanilla 2-4 cups sifted powdered sugar Cake In a bowl, combine flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda and cinnamon. Refrigerate until firm, and then evenly spread on cooled cake. Keywords: cake

• Perfect No Bake Cookies by Turner, Emily (2021) - The ingredients listed above yields one batch of cookies (number depends on how big you make them), but my sisters As young bakers, we tried this treat, melding together butter, sugar, cocoa pow- der, peanut butter, rolled oats, and more. Keywords: cookies

• Tomato Based Soup by Cooper, June (2021) - 6. Stir in bowl of tomato sauce, tomatoes, wine and seasonings-bringing the dish to a boil. Cut onion and green peppers together and set aside to add in to your saucepan when you begin cooking with oil. Keywords: flour

• Lantern Asparagus by Rutter, Emily (2021) - Lantern Asparagus Dr. Emily Ruth Rutter Asparagus Shiitake mushrooms Sesame oil Butter Soy sauce Black pepper 2 Bunches 1 Pint 2 Tablespoons 2 Tablespoons 1/2 Cup 1 Description: Bundle of aspargus sits in bowl on right side, cut off by picture. Keywords: asparagus

• Ball State University Themed Cocktails by Ramos-Niaves, Vincent (2021) - Put mint leaves in the bottom of shaker tin and pour simple syrup and lime juice over them. Fill shaker tin with ice and shake vigorously until tin is WELL frosted. Keywords: glass

• Dummy's Guide to Stir-Fry by Steele, Jules (2021) - Mushrooms, carrots, broccoli, brussel sprouts, green beans, baby corn cobs, onions, garlic – honestly the beauty of stir fry is that you can pretty much include or exclude whatever you want. a. (If you’re gonna use peppers, start frying them FIRST even before your meat because they’re gonna take three times longer than you’d reasonably expect, it’s honestly ridiculous.) 5. Spaghetti noodles are NOT a good replacement. Keywords: noodles

• Taking the "Psycho" out of "Psycho-Killer": The Impact of Criminal Portrayals of Psychiatric Disorders in Horror Film by Edwards, Makayla (2023) - For decades, the media has perpetuated an extremely harmful image that those suffering from mental illness are violent and dangerous. Even if the characters in these popular films are fictional, the stigma they direct toward mental illness is very real and must be addressed. Keywords: disorders; film; illness; mental; norman; psycho; suffering

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23