E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 29th June 2024 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 64 | P a g e HISTORY OF INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS AND ISSUES OF NATIONAL INTERESTS Khusanov Khabibullo Khakimovich Basic doctoral Andijan State University Abstract: In this article in terms of social philosophy the essence and relationship of concepts of national interest and the international relations in the conditions of globalization of public life is investigated. And also, the social and philosophical analysis of essence of national interest as source of the international relations is considered. In article relationship of these concepts of public life and its impact on a condition of the interstate, international relations as important factor on ensuring social stability of society are proved dialectic. Keywords: Globalization, Nation, National Interest, International Relation, Tolerance, National Development, National Conflict, Genocide. Introduction As we observe the events taking place in the world's political arenas, we realize the need to think about their impact on the socio-political life of Uzbekistan and its socio-political consequences. The problem studied in this article is the factor that has led to unprecedented conflicts and catastrophes in the history of mankind, resulting in the death of millions of innocent people - and this are the national interest and the relationship between different nations. The urgency of the issue is that this problem is mixed with political, economic, cultural and social relations, both within one country and between different countries. National interests and interethnic relations have never been off the agenda in all periods of human history. Therefore, we found it necessary in this article to talk about a social phenomenon related to this topic. The topic chosen as a research problem in the article is characterized by the fact that it is directly related to the socio-political life of all countries, in particular, Uzbekistan. Today, the rise of ethnic nationalism and separatism, racism, racial discord, aggressive nationalism, chauvinism in some regions and countries of the world https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 29th June 2024 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 65 | P a g e worries humanity, on the other hand, the idea of cosmopolitanism is growing in Western countries. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev also spoke about national relations in his speeches at the 72nd and 75th sessions of the UN General Assembly. In particular, ―Currently, radical changes are taking place in the Central Asian region. We have managed to create an atmosphere of good neighborliness and mutual trust, friendship and respect between the countries of the region."[1.]. Proponents of cosmopolitanism argue that national and racial differences are rooted in the fact that citizens belong to certain states, and propose the theory of "world citizenship" as the main way to eliminate this and ensure peace for humanity. [6.47]. This idea is often expressed in sync with today's globalization processes. The growing power of the idea of cosmopolitanism, the growing development of information processes in the unification of people under it, the fact that any information is delivered in seconds to any corner of the world, ensures that people are aware of any culture. It is obvious that under the influence of cosmopolitan ideas, the notion that "where it is comfortable and good for a person to live, it is your homeland" is spreading around the world, especially among those looking for work abroad. [6.48] This, in turn, leads a person to renounce feelings of patriotism, national pride, national culture and national traditions. Today, in ensuring security and stability, first of all, ensuring interethnic harmony in the Central Asian region is of paramount importance. Ensuring interethnic peace in the region with a population of about 70 million people, the formation of good neighborly relations remain an issue of strategic importance for our country and government. Indeed, in maintaining peace and tranquility in the region, in improving relations between the independent republics of Central Asia, the main attention is paid to strengthening good-neighborly relations, taking into account the national interests of neighboring countries. At present, Uzbekistan has a well-defined strategy in this regard. The fifth direction of the Presidential Decree "On the Action Strategy for 2017- 2021, which includes five priorities for further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan", adopted on February 7, 2017 includes the following: ―Strengthening the independence and sovereignty of our state, aimed at ensuring https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 29th June 2024 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 66 | P a g e security, interethnic harmony and religious tolerance, pursuing a well-thought- out, mutually beneficial and practical foreign policy, creating an environment of security, stability and good neighborliness around Uzbekistan, strengthening the country's international prestige‖ [3.], and these issues were set in accordance with our national benefits. It is clear from the above-mentioned Presidential Decree that in Uzbekistan, even in the current period of radical democratic reforms, national interests and interethnic relations remain one of the priorities of state policy. The head of our state stressed that "I consider it my priority to preserve and strengthen the harmony of nations and citizens, mutual respect and kindness prevailing in our country. At present, more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups live in harmony in our country ... We will focus on further development of mutual friendship and solidarity in our society, ensuring equal rights for all citizens, regardless of nationality, religion or creed" [2.]. National interests are "a system that defines the life of a nation, a system of aspirations related to the preservation of social, economic, political and cultural relations, national needs, national consciousness and thinking, traditions and values." [5. 194.] As each nation pursues its own interests, it first and foremost possesses material goods as well as spiritual riches. National interests include, first of all, factors related to the fate, life and death, development of each nation. These include, first of all, the right of the nation to self-determination, the right to national statehood, opportunities for economic prosperity, cultural, national language, religious freedom, and the full expression of national values. At present, the first and leading aspect of the 193 sovereign states of the UN is its national sovereignty. Mutually beneficial cooperation in international relations is possible only on the basis of the above factors. Otherwise, various contradictions arise in national relations. It is well known that the national composition of most states is made up of one or more specific nations. In Uzbekistan, more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups live in harmony. The peaceful coexistence of many nations living in one country, in turn, is an important factor in the socio-political stability and prosperity of this country. Indeed, the incompatibility of national interests, in turn, leads to national conflicts, contradictions and conflicts, and even bloody wars. As https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 29th June 2024 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 67 | P a g e a result, on the ground where such events take place, national pride grows destruction and suffering increase. We can cite many examples from history to our opinion, such as the ongoing ethnic conflicts in Afghanistan (for about 40 years), the bloody events between Azerbaijanis and Armenians in Azerbaijan and Karabakh (the armed conflict between the two countries, which resumed in the 1990s and September 28, 2020, continues up to these days), the bloody clashes between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz (the bloody clashes of the 1990s and 2010s), the events in Fergana (1989) - the bloody clashes between Uzbeks and Meskhetian Turks are good examples. Such events have taken place in many parts of the world: in many countries, such as Africa, Asia, Europe and America, and are still going on. Addressing the 72nd session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York on September 19-25, 2017, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev called on the United Nations to work for peace and security, development, human rights, especially the rights of young people, the sacred values of Islam, and made important suggestions and recommendations for the analysis of current problems and their solutions, such as the role and place in the spiritual development of mankind. On this issue, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev proposed to adopt a special resolution of the United Nations General Assembly to support the efforts of Central Asian states to ensure security and strengthen regional cooperation. Many issues related to this issue of strategic importance A high-level international conference was held in Samarkand on November 10-11, 2017 under the auspices of the United Nations under the topic of "Central Asia: Common History and Common Future, Cooperation for Sustainable Development and Progress" which discussed fundamental issues of interethnic relations in the region. The social significance of this international conference is that the five independent states of Central Asia and the more than 70 million people living in the region have the same past, destiny, future and take all necessary measures for their coexistence - an important basis for stability and development in the region. On the other hand, the establishment of harmonious, friendly and mutually beneficial relations with neighboring countries will serve as an important factor for their further development and prosperity in all respects. The decree "On measures to further improve interethnic relations and friendly relations with foreign countries" of President Sh.M.Mirziyoev, issued on May 19, https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 29th June 2024 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 68 | P a g e 2017, serves to ensure peace and tranquility in our multinational country, as well as to develop comprehensive relations with countries near and far. In accordance with this decree, the following tasks have been identified for the gradual implementation of state policy aimed at the harmonization of citizens living in a multi-ethnic Uzbekistan, ensuring peace and harmony among different nationalities, strengthening the sense of a multi-ethnic family in the minds of our compatriots, comprehensive support and further development of national cultural centers and friendship societies, expanding cultural and educational ties with foreign countries, achievements in various fields and the promotion of its essence, as well as the effective coordination of work and measures in this direction: - Effective coordination of work on the establishment of friendly international relations, the development of mutually beneficial cooperation, strengthening friendship with civil society of foreign countries, including our compatriots living abroad; - Ensuring the interaction and cooperation of government agencies with national cultural centers and friendship societies located on the territory of the republic; - Assistance in the preservation and development of specific national traditions and customs of different nationalities and ethnic groups living in our country; - Promoting in foreign countries the goals and objectives of Uzbekistan in building a peaceful policy of our state, a democratic state governed by the rule of law, a strong civil society, as well as the achievements in all spheres of life today; - Assistance and direct participation in the organization of research work aimed at further development and harmonization of interethnic relations and friendly relations with foreign countries [4]. This decree will serve as an important factor in strengthening peace and stability not only in our country, but also in the region, and further enhancing the image of our country in the international arena in today's dangerous period. At present, there are 138 national cultural centers in the country, the Council of Societies of Friendship and Cultural-Enlightenment Relations with Foreign Countries, 34 Friendship Societies - the preservation of history, culture, cultural values, traditions and customs of all nations and peoples in Uzbekistan. It is playing an important role in the development of comprehensiveness, harmonization of interethnic relations, ensuring the stability of society and the state. https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 29th June 2024 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 69 | P a g e Education in educational institutions of the country is conducted in 7 languages, TV and radio programs and broadcasts are broadcast in 12 languages, newspapers and magazines are published in more than 10 languages [6]. In our country, the harmony of national interests and relations is practically ensured. The following conclusions can be drawn from the views and comments set out above. 1. From a social and philosophical point of view, any form of interethnic relations is based on certain national interests. 2. Positive changes in national relations will take place only if national interests are fully ensured, both at the national level and in international relations. Otherwise, disagreements, contradictions, conflicts in national relations will escalate. 3. Interethnic relations based on mutual equality and mutual benefit ensures the realization of national interests. This, in turn, has a significant impact on the social uplift of society. 4. At present, the domestic and foreign policy based on the "Strategy of Action" pursued in our country serves to ensure security and stability in Central Asia, increase mutual political trust with neighboring countries and further enhance interethnic relations in the region. References: 1. Sh. M. Mirziyoev. Speech at the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly. September 23, 2020. Internet: http://uzdaily.uz/uz/post/6627 2. Sh. M. Mirziyoev. "We will build a free and prosperous, democratic state of Uzbekistan together with our brave and noble people." Speech by Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the joint session of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan dedicated to the inauguration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. "Xalq so'zi" newspaper. December 16, 2016 issue. 3. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan: "On the strategy of further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan." "Xalq so'zi" newspaper. February 8, 2017 issue. 4. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to further improve interethnic relations and friendly relations with foreign countries" //. May 19, 2017. https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc http://uzdaily.uz/uz/post/6627 E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 29th June 2024 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 70 | P a g e 5. Spirituality: an explanatory dictionary of basic concepts. T .: Ghafur Ghulam Publishing House. T. 2010. 6. M. Quronov, I.Daminov, A.Yunusov, M.Kakharova, O.Bozarov, U.Sattorov, F.Jurakulov, B.Rahmonov. The ideological landscape of the world. - Tashkent. ―Muharrir Publishing House‖ 2017. 7. Mamajanov A. From the history of modernization industry field in Uzbekistan: main aims and achievements //Результаты научных исследований в условиях пандемии (COVID-19). – 2020. – Т. 1. – №. 02. – С. 89-92. 8. Мамажанов А. Пути развития легких промышленных предприятий и увеличения экспорта в Республике Узбекистан //Общество и инновации. – 2021. – Т. 2. – №. 3/S. – С. 10-14. 9. Mamajanov A. A. THE MODERNIZATION PROCESSES OF THE INDUSTRY OF UZBEKISTAN //Spirit Time. – 2019. – №. 4-1. – С. 8-10. 10. Mamajonov A. A., Kuldashev J. U. Evaluation Of Compliance of Products and Services //Academic research in educational sciences. – 2021. – Т. 2. – №. 9. – С. 586-590. https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc