E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 30th March 2025 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 21 | P a g e THINKING PROCESS OF STUDENTS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS Mahfuza Urinova Independent Researcher at Andijan State Pedagogical Institute Abstract In this article, the main types of the thinking process - theoretical and practical, concrete and abstract, creative and reproductive content of thinking, their interdependence and importance in the educational process are analyzed on a scientific and practical basis. Pedagogical conditions, effective methods and technologies aimed at developing different types of thinking in elementary school students are also analyzed on the basis of examples. Keywords: thinking process, theoretical thinking, practical thinking, concrete thinking, abstract thinking, creative thinking, reproductive thinking, development of thinking. At the primary education stage, pupils' thinking processes are manifested as a key component of their cognitive activity. “Thinking is the process of forming knowledge about real reality, identifying relationships and connections between them.” [2] “In order to understand the content and characteristics of the thinking process, it is necessary to distinguish its main types - theoretical and practical thinking, concrete and abstract, creative and reproductive types of thinking.” [3] Theoretical thinking is the process of understanding truth and knowledge on a theoretical basis, reasoning, and understanding general laws and principles. Through theoretical thinking, a person works on complex, generalized issues. For example, understanding processes in nature based on general laws, proving theorems in mathematics, etc. As L.S.Vygotsky noted: “Theoretical thinking is a person’s desire to solve a problem primarily through abstract, general categories.” [5] Through theoretical thinking, children deeply analyze phenomena and acquire new knowledge. https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 30th March 2025 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 22 | P a g e Practical thinking is a type of thinking that is directly related to practice and is aimed at solving real-life situations. For example, a child thinks about how to assemble a construction set or how to solve a problem on the spot. Practical thinking is a person’s ability to make quick and effective decisions that are directly related to life. Children use practical thinking when solving arithmetic problems. Concrete thinking is a form of thinking related to real events, objects and their specific characteristics. Concrete thinking is dominant in primary school students. They often think based on specific things, events and images. The thinking of young children is mainly related to appearances and real images, because they have not yet fully switched to abstract thinking. Abstract thinking is the process of thinking about the general and important relationships and properties of things and phenomena. Through abstract thinking, a person solves theoretical problems, understands general rules and laws. For example, solving arithmetic problems using general formulas, analyzing problems in science and technology. Understanding general concepts such as “patriotism” and “humanism” occurs through abstract thinking. Creative thinking is the process of generating new ideas, unusual solutions, and innovative approaches. This type of thinking requires a person to generate new information, propose new ideas, and find unconventional solutions. For example, a child with developed creative thinking approaches any problem situation in a new way, offers unusual solutions. Reproductive thinking is solving problems based on existing knowledge and experience, that is, repeating the same analyzed, studied solutions. This type of thinking serves for routine, known and standard tasks. For example, completing an assignment based on instructions given by a teacher. Reproductive thinking is the process of reusing previously learned methods and solutions, which is different from creative innovation. Thus, each type of thinking has its own specific tasks and characteristics: • There is a difference between theoretical and practical thinking, the former being related to general and abstract concepts, and the latter being related to real-life problems. • Concrete and abstract thinking are characteristic of different stages of children's development. https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 30th March 2025 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 23 | P a g e • While creative thinking requires new ideas and solutions, reproductive thinking is based on the application of existing knowledge. The thinking process of elementary school students has the following characteristics: 1. Sensitivity and emotional sensitivity; 2. Thinking based on concrete ideas; 3. Observability and susceptibility to impressions; 4. The ability to generalize and draw conclusions is in the process of formation; 5. Difficulties in finding solutions in problematic situations. To form the thinking process in reading literacy in primary grades, the teacher is required to correctly select active, effective methods, taking into account the age and psychological characteristics of children. The development of thinking skills is closely related to the content of education, methodology, pedagogical tools, and social environment. In general, the following results are achieved as a result of learning and developing the thinking process and its characteristics of students in primary education: • Children develop the skills of logical and independent thinking, analysis, and drawing conclusions. • Develops critical and creative thinking. • The effectiveness of the educational process increases. • Children develop communicative and social skills. In short, learning and developing the thinking process and its features in reading literacy of elementary school pupils is the main factor for their intellectual, social and spiritual development. REFERENCES: 1. Khusanovna K. G., Abrorovich A. A. Person-centered education and conditions for its implementation //Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences. – 2022. – Т. 2. – №. Special Issue 27. – С. 30-33. 2. Maxmudov N.M. Ta’limda zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar. – Toshkent: Fan va texnologiya, 2006 3. Qurbonov Sh. Bolalar psixologiyasi. – Toshkent: O'qituvchi, 2017 https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 30th March 2025 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 24 | P a g e 4. UNESCO. Rethinking Education: Towards a global common good? Paris: UNESCO Publishing. 2015 5. Выготский Л.С. 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