E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 19th February, 2023 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 21 | P a g e ONA TILI VA O‘QISH SAVODXONLIGI DARSLARIDA DIDAKTIK METODLARNING TUTGAN O‘RNI Abdulxayeva Musharraf Usmonjon qizi Qo‘qon Davlat Pedagogika Instituti Boshlang‘ich ta’lim kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi Annotatsiya Ushbu maqolada ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi darslarida didaktik metodlarning tutgan o‘rni, didaktik metodlarning tasnifi haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan. Maqola orqali ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi darslarida “Noto‘g‘ri jumla”, “Sirli so‘z” va “Kun va tun” didaktik metodlarini qanday va qay tarzda qo‘llanilishi mumkin ekanligi o‘rganish mumkin. Kalit so‘zlar: AKT, didaktik o‘yin, pedagogik texnologiya, “notog‘ri jumla” metodi, “sirli so‘z” metodi, “kun va tun” metodi. Abstract This article provides information about the role of didactic methods in mother tongue and reading literacy classes, and the classification of didactic methods. Through the article, it is possible to learn how and in what way the didactic methods "Incorrect sentence", "Mystery word" and "Day and night" can be used in the classes of mother tongue and reading literacy. Key words: ICT, didactic game, pedagogical technology, "wrong sentence" method, "mysterious word" method, "day and night" method. Абстрактный В данной статье представлена информация о роли дидактических методов на занятиях по родному языку и грамоте чтения, а также классификация дидактических методов. Из статьи можно узнать, как и каким образом можно использовать дидактические приемы «Неправильное предложение», «Загадочное слово» и «День и ночь» на занятиях по родному языку и грамоте чтения. https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 19th February, 2023 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 22 | P a g e Ключевые слова: ИКТ, дидактическая игра, педагогическая технология, метод «ошибочного предложения», метод «загадочное слово», метод «день и ночь». Hozirgi kunda eng muhim vazifalardan biri ta’lim tizimini taraqqiy ettirish va barkamol avlod tarbiyasini yuqori darajada tashkil etishdan iboratdir. Birinchi Prezidentimiz I.Karimov “Asosiy vazifamiz – Vatanimiz taraqqiyoti va xalqimiz faravonligini yuksaltirishdir” mavzusidagi Vazirlar Mahkamasining majlisidagi nutqida1: “Biz farzandlarimizning nafaqat jismoniy va ma’naviy sog‘lom o‘sishi, balki ularning eng zamonaviy intellektual bilimlarga ega bo‘lgan, uyg‘un rivojlangan insonlar bo‘lib voyaga yetishi uchun zarur barcha imkoniyat va sharoitlarni yaratishni o‘z oldimizga maqsad qilib qo‘yganmiz”2, - degan edilar. Ushbu fikrlarning yorqin misoli qilib yosh avlodning ilm olishi yo‘lida ishlab chiqarilayotgan va maktab o‘quvchilari uchun bepul berilayotgan yangi darsliklarni olishimiz mumkin. Ushbu darsliklar o‘qituvchidan izlanishni, barcha fanlarni va ulardagi yangiliklarni doimo o‘rganib borishni, dars jarayoni AKT dan va turli didaktik metodlardan unumli foydalanishni talab etadi. Har bir o‘qituvchi dars o‘tish jarayonida turli pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanadi Pedagogik texnologiya bu - o‘quvchilar qobiliyati, imkoniyati va ehtiyojlarini hisobga olgan holda, ta’lim shakllarini amalga oshirish uchun ko‘zlangan natijaga erishishda eng qulay yo‘l va usullarni tanlash va ishlab chiqish mahoratidir3. Shunday usullardan biri hisoblangan didak metodlarni ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi darslarida keng foydalanish mumkin. Didaktik o‘yinlarni quyidagicha tasniflash mumkin: Didaktik o‘yinlarning tasnifi Mazmuniga ko‘ra: 1. Tinch o‘yinlar 2. Harakatli o‘yinlar 3. Aralash turdagi o‘yinlar Amalga oshirish shakliga ko‘ra: 1. Musobaqa o‘yinlari 2. Sahna o‘yinlari “Noto‘g‘ri jumla” 1 T.G’afforov. Boshlang’ich ta’limda zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar: O’quv qo’llanma. – T.: Tafakkur, 2011. – B.3. (-b.160) 2 I.Karimov. “Asosiy vazifamiz – Vatanimiz taraqqiyoti va xalqimiz faravonligini yksaltirishdir”. – T.: O’zbekiston. 2010-yil. – B.48. 3 T.G’afforova, Sh.Nurillayeva, O.Haydarova. Boshlang’ich sinflar uchun ona tili va o’qishdan didaktik materiallar. – Toshkent. 2004-yil. – B.6. https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 19th February, 2023 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 23 | P a g e Ushbu o‘yin suratlar asosida o‘tkaziladi. Ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi darsligida esa har bir mavzuga oid juda ko‘plab rasmlar berilgan bo‘lib, bu rasmlardan foydalanib “noto‘g‘ri jumla” o‘yinini o‘tkazishimiz mumkin. Bunda o‘qituvchi berilgan ramsni o‘quvchilarga ko‘rsatgan holda tasvirlaydi va tasvirlash jarayonida suratga tegishli bo‘lmagan jumlalarni ham ishlatadi. O‘quvchilar esa ziyraklik bilan shu noto‘g‘ri jumlani topishlari kerak bo‘ladi. Bu o‘yin o‘quvchilardan ziyraklik, sinchkovlik, kuzatuvchanlik va diqqatni talab etadi. Tasvirlash jarayonida noto‘g‘ri jumlani topa bilish o‘quvchining sinchkovligini o‘ziga ishonchini hamda darsga qiziqishini uyg‘otadi. “Sirli so‘z” Bunda sirli katakchalarda turli so‘zlar beriladi. O‘quvchilar esa sirli katakchalarda bir xil so‘z necha marta yozilganligini topishlari kerak bo‘ladi. Sirli so‘zni eng ko‘p topgan o‘quvchilar g‘olib bo‘ladi. Ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi darslarida “sirli so‘z” o‘yinidan foydalanish o‘quvchilarga boshqotirmalarni hal etishdagi dastlabki ma’lumotlarni beradi va ularning dunyoqarashini kengaytirishga yordam beradi4. Bundan tashqari “sirli so‘z” o‘yini ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi darslarining samaradorligini oshirib, qiziqarli o‘tishini ta’minlab beradi. a n o r a n o r a n o r a n o r a n o r a n o r a “Kun va tun” ”Kun va tun” didaktik o‘yinida o‘qituvchi doskaga ikki yoki undan ortiq so‘zlarni yozadi. O‘quvchilar doskaga yozilgan so‘zlarni o‘qib olganlaridan so‘ng o‘qituvchi “tun” deb buyruq beradi. Bolalar ko‘zlarini yumib “tun” holatiga o‘tganlaridan so‘ng o‘qituvchi doskaga yozilgan so‘zlardagi biror harfni yoki bo‘g‘inni almashtirib qo‘yadi. “Kun” degan buyruqdan keyin o‘quvchilar ko‘zlarni ochadilar va so‘zlarda qanday o‘zgarishlar bo‘lganligini aniqlaydilar. Masalan: kun – tun, elak – etak, bolalar – bolarilar. Demak yuqorida keltirilgan mulohazlardan ko‘rinadiki ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi darslarida didaktik metodlardan unumli foydalanish darsning 4 T.G’afforova, Sh.Nurillayeva, O.Haydarova. Boshlang’ich sinflar uchun ona tili va o’qishdan didaktik materiallar. – Toshkent. 2004-yil. – B.27. https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 19th February, 2023 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 24 | P a g e sarmaradorligini oshiradi, qiziqarli bo‘lishini ta’minlab beradi hamda o‘quvchilarning bilimini tekshiradi. ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI 1. T.G‘afforov. Boshlang‘ich ta’limda zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar: O‘quv qo‘llanma. – T.: Tafakkur, 2011. – B.3. (-b.160) 2. I.Karimov. “Asosiy vazifamiz – Vatanimiz taraqqiyoti va xalqimiz faravonligini yksaltirishdir”. – T.: O‘zbekiston. 2010-yil. – B.48. 3. T.G‘afforova, Sh.Nurillayeva, O.Haydarova. Boshlang‘ich sinflar uchun ona tili va o‘qishdan didaktik materiallar. – Toshkent. 2004-yil. – B.6. 4. Abdulkhayeva, M. The Role of Dictations in the Development of Students' Written Speech in the First Class. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 5. Mirhojiddinovna, J. D., Shavkatovna, A. M., & Alijonovna, M. D. (2022). Lingupoetic Features Of Unconventional Combinations And Agricultural Terms In Literary Texts. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(11), 1599-1604. 6. Abdulkhayeva, M. The Role of Dictations in the Development of Students' Written Speech in the First Class. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 7. Dilnoza Mirkhojiddinovna Jamaliddinova, & Usmanova Muattarxon Hayrullo qizi. (2022). THE IMPORTANCE OF USING INTERACTIVE TECHNIQUES AND INDEPENDENT WORK IN TEACHING THE TOPIC “ORGANIZED FRAGMENTS” IN PRIMARY SCHOOL NATIVE LANGUAGE LESSONS. Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 10(12), 1270–1279. Retrieved from https://giirj.com/index.php/giirj/article/view/4396 8. Dilnoza Mirkhojiddinovna Jamaliddinova, & Azizova Xonzodabegim Akmal qizi. (2022). THE SYSTEM OF CASE AND THE STUDY OF NOUNS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL. Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 10(12), 1088–1095. Retrieved from https://giirj.com/index.php/giirj/article/view/4433 9. Dilnoza Mirhojiddinovna, Dilnoza Jamoliddinova, & Daughter of Umida Komiljon Abdusamatova. (2022). THE IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL THINKING IN PRIMARY CLASS EDUCATION SYSTEM. Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 10(12), 1117–1119. Retrieved from https://giirj.com/index.php/giirj/article/view/4427 https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc https://giirj.com/index.php/giirj/article/view/4396 https://giirj.com/index.php/giirj/article/view/4433 https://giirj.com/index.php/giirj/article/view/4427 E- Global Congress Hosted online from Dubai, U. A. E., E - Conference. Date: 19th February, 2023 Website: https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc ISSN (E): 2836-3612 25 | P a g e 10. Jamaliddinova, Dilnoza Mirkhojiddinovna. "CULTIVATION OF ORAL SPEECH AND THE FORMATION OF THE SKILL OF CREATIVE THINKING IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS." Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 10.12 (2022): 1081-1087. 11. Zhmoliddinova, D. M. (2022). Some Comments on the Vertical and Horizontal Relations of Terms in the Work of Art. Web of Scholars: Multidimensional Research Journal, 1(5), 145-148. https://eglobalcongress.com/index.php/egc