{"docstore/data": {"253d3ee4-56e1-4aca-996e-fce23a30547c": {"__data__": {"id_": "253d3ee4-56e1-4aca-996e-fce23a30547c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101953", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "da7a7ad5853a58482c3daaf7c49e4982ecf7bb6542b4373eb09112ffb42a5cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0fd70316-73b9-4cd2-abbb-b9ef9dd837bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1b31716b7f6b8acd9d2a99fa8ca614e10a11a17b5616ade32c35d30b5d4fc551", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel a.n. Ni Luh Suartini2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n12 \n \n\n \nCONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN  \n\nNI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART  \n \n\n Luh Suartini1, Hardiman2 \n\n1,2Study Program of Visual Arts, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha \n \n\nEmail: 1luh.suartini@undiksha.ac.id , 2hardiman@undiksha.ac.id  \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 10-03-2023 \nAccepted Date : 22-05-2023 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2023 \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\nAll this time in visual art in Bali a woman has often been placed as an object per se. \nActually, in the visual work of women artists in Bali there is found an ideology that works \nbehind it. This article reveals and describes the gender ideology that works behind the \nvisual representation of Ni Nyoman Sani that is why a descriptive qualitative study is used \nby using postmodernism theory, visual semiotic theory, gender theory, ideology theory, \nand psychoanalysis theory to reveal the problem. This article concludes that the gender \nideology works behind Ni Nyoman Sani\u2019s work, that is, concerning the consumptivism of \nthe gender role in its use. It is hoped that this discussion can give us a broader and deeper \nunderstanding of the gender ideology that works behind Ni Nyoman Sani\u2019s creative \nprocess. \nKeywords: consumptivism, gender role, ni nyoman sani. \n  \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\n\u201cArt of this era is the art that cannot be fully understood without placing it in the \n\nwhole framework of community and culture.\u201d (Hasan, 2001; Saidi, 2008). Nowadays, \n\nIndonesian contemporary art is present speaking of this era that is complex, full with \n\nhuman problems. Global capitalism that cannot be stopped, continuous destruction of the \n\nenvironment, rapid progress in information science and technology and wars of ideologies \n\nthat worsen, human spilt personality, the problem of woman and gender that keeps on the \n\ntop agenda, sex and power that increasingly intensify, etc. These problems are present in \n\nfront of the Indonesian contemporary artists. However, the most special are the the \n\nproblems faced by Balinese contemporary women artists. In addition to the social \n\nproblems, their own problems as visual women artists amidst the patriarchal cultural \n\nconstruction are also surfacing. Balinese women artists as Indonesian women artists are \n\nfacing social problems and their personal problems. The problems that are faced by Ni \n\nNyoman Sani, for example, are readable from the theme of her paintings on gender", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2740, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0fd70316-73b9-4cd2-abbb-b9ef9dd837bb": {"__data__": {"id_": "0fd70316-73b9-4cd2-abbb-b9ef9dd837bb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101953", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "da7a7ad5853a58482c3daaf7c49e4982ecf7bb6542b4373eb09112ffb42a5cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "253d3ee4-56e1-4aca-996e-fce23a30547c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "000dcb34078ed9d8d9ab2239e0974df48977be0fc78db3aeebb1fa10f7a6f626", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c5cc0ac1-5117-46c8-b8ff-a9e44292adb9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5d5de99ec6017288f2e97e9628a5dee49418a089cdbe1c94857895c0c084409c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n13 \n \n\nproblem that have been motivated by the reality of her biography in which she experienced \n\ngender injustice. Hence, as confirmed by Winarno (2007), although art is a personal \n\nexpression, it keeps giving a social function that can explain social situations in human \n\nlife. Art, as emphasized by Sugiharto (2015) is also viewed as the basic element in all \n\nhuman activities, the inherent parts in all of their performances. It is in this position that \n\nworks of visual art created by Ni Nyoman Sani have to be seen. \n\nAll this time, analyses of previous studies on Balinese contemporary works, \n\nincluding those of Ni Nyoman Sani, have often used the aesthetical approach of \n\nmodernism. Hence, the problems that have been exposed were the structural problems \n\nin visual art, both visual and aesthetical aspects. Other things outside the visual text, such \n\nas social, political, gender, sexual, globalism phenomena are excluded from the analyses. \n\nMeanwhile this article focuses on the gender ideology that works behind the creative \n\nprocess of Ni Nyoman Sani. \n\n \n\nMETHODOLOGY \n\nThis descriptive qualitative study was prepared by writing a number of steps that \n\ncovered the design, the determination of the types and sources of data, the determination \n\nof the techniques of data collection, the determination of data analysis techniques, and \n\nthe presentation of the result of data analysis. \n\nThere were two types of data sources in the process of writing this article. First, \n\nthe primary data, in the form of visual art works, the concept of creation, and the artist\u2019s \n\nbibliography. Secondly, the secondary source, that is, in the form of comments, notes from \n\nart journalists, art/culture observers, and academicians on the work of art studied in this \n\narticle, as well as the biography of the artist. This study used the instruments of interview \n\nguide, observation guide, visual and audio recorder and camera (photo and video \n\ncamera). The method of examination was based on the criteria of documentation \n\nphotography and audio documentation.  \n\nIn the process of writing this article, the data collection was done by using an \n\nobservation technique in the studio of Ni Nyoman Sani, which was done three times, \n\nunstructured interviews both directly and indirectly through communication media and \n\nsocial media with Ni Nyoman Sani for four times, and library research using \n\nmonographies, exhibition catalogues posters, both printed and electronic. There are 40 \n\nworks that have been collected successfully in this process, but according to the criteria \n\nthat has been determined, and the need for the writing of this article, only eight works \n\nwere analyzed.", "start_char_idx": 2745, "end_char_idx": 5711, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c5cc0ac1-5117-46c8-b8ff-a9e44292adb9": {"__data__": {"id_": "c5cc0ac1-5117-46c8-b8ff-a9e44292adb9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101953", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "da7a7ad5853a58482c3daaf7c49e4982ecf7bb6542b4373eb09112ffb42a5cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0fd70316-73b9-4cd2-abbb-b9ef9dd837bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "72e69fb23ee2850c1f59673461789659a28318899f924134680e49375b050d44", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8d2b8edc-f9f8-482f-811a-e266f9897fe3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b4b15973aae0d3c4e075be5f0b151eb6cf0937881690aa5cf52cd479a4c0c2be", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n14 \n \n\nTo find the answer to the problem in this article, content analysis was selected, \n\nespecially in relation to gender ideology found in the works of Ni Nyoman Sani. The \n\nanalysis process was based on cultural studies theories as stated by Barker (2014: 61-\n\n62) that cultural studies is an interdisciplinary field that selectively takes various \n\nperspectives and other disciplines to study the relations between culture and politics using \n\nan eclectic method. The interdisciplinary method has the procedure that is based on one \n\ndiscipline as its ontological basis. Works of art as objects of the study is treated as an \n\nautonomous institution of the art itself that is built by relating inter-elements in its structure. \n\nThis is the basic analysis stage in hermeneutic as objectivation, or form analysis. This \n\nstage is then followed with the next analysis, that is symbolization. From here the works \n\nof art are read as a collection of signifiers that refer to various signified outside themselves. \n\nIt can be called content analysis.  \n\nSome theories are eclectically used in this study. They are postmodernism theory, \n\nvisual semiotic theory, gender theory, ideology theory, and psychoanalysis theory. \n\nEclecticization of theories using those theories has been carried out by a number of \n\nscholars such as Nugraha, et al. (2022), Trisnadewi, et al. (2022), Zellya, et al. (2022), \n\nand Putra, et al (2022) but it is clear that the research under study is significantly different \n\nfrom the works of the scholars from aspects of ontology, methodology, location of \n\nresearch, and time of research. None of the scholars even discussed the image of woman \n\nin visual art, especially painting media. \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\nA woman is sitting in a half lying position. She is wearing a dress which shows the \n\nstomach part of her body. Her face looks quiet and it looks like she is contemplating. The \n\nforeground and the background of the setting of the woman are whitewashed and there is \n\na little of light blue hue. The quiet impression becomes stronger with this setting. This \n\npainting in oil on canvas is entitled Menunggu (Waiting) (90 x 140 cm, 2003). \n\nNi Nyoman Sani, the painter, through this painting wants to express a mental \n\ncondition of a woman who is waiting. \u201cMenunggu\u201d as explained in the lexical meaning is \n\nstaying for some time at a place, expecting something to happen (to come). (Who or what) \n\nis being waited by the woman with this sexy dress? It is easy to draw the correspondences \n\namong the position, dress, setting and the quiet facial expression. There are two meanings \n\nthat can be understood in this painting. \n\nFirst, the woman in this painting is the one who is often represented as an active \n\nwoman. The body of the woman as expressed in Giddens (2004) is the instrument to win", "start_char_idx": 5717, "end_char_idx": 8828, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8d2b8edc-f9f8-482f-811a-e266f9897fe3": {"__data__": {"id_": "8d2b8edc-f9f8-482f-811a-e266f9897fe3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101953", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "da7a7ad5853a58482c3daaf7c49e4982ecf7bb6542b4373eb09112ffb42a5cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c5cc0ac1-5117-46c8-b8ff-a9e44292adb9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "42faff867741b3f95beda657909686ba7295a330eb275f7f23c7bfad369a6504", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3291a5a3-c5e3-4db7-b245-9f9a60116540", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8799eeda93d0a66d854618059edd0ec09a51dc7d4579833ae873bcc833aad062", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n15 \n \n\nlove. The woman in this painting is the subject who is aware that she herself is a visual \n\nobject. The object that is ready to be viewed by male eyes. This is of course related to the \n\nrole of gender based on sex or biological characteristic that causes the public world to be \n\nclaimed as the men\u2019s world, while the private or domestic world is for women. The \n\npatriarchal social relation is informed through law, system, tradition, and even on behalf \n\nof religion. Hence, woman\u2019s body is under the reign of the patriarchal power.  \n\nSecondly, the woman, in this case, the woman\u2019s body in this painting is the \n\nwoman\u2019s body that can be categorized to be present in the universality concept. The \n\nconcept of universality and universalism as noted by Prabasmoro (2004:89) refers to a \n\nkind of \u201ca meeting place\u201d for \u201ccultural variety\u201d. Universality implies something which \n\ncontains another. However, people have a doubt about this later. \n\n Like the concept of universality and universalism, a type of a certain body, for \n\nexample, is accepted more as something universal than the other types The normalized \n\nbody of course can be accepted universally. In the case of Sani\u2019s painting, for example, \n\nthe ideal body is the one with a fair skin. Fair or white contains the meaning as an image \n\nof nonworking class woman. White is also associated with cleanliness.  \n\n This concept is of course only a cultural construction. However, Sani as many \n\nwomen, dreams of this, as part of the way of life (or more accurately as a life style). This \n\nwoman artist represents a white body on canvases. The women bodies in Sani\u2019s paintings \n\nare the bodies which because of the body aesthetical power - and then commodification \n\n- have been being accepted by many women. The woman\u2019s body in this painting is a clean \n\nfair skin as the fruit of the body aesthetical process (See Figure 1). \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n Gambar 10.4  \n\n \n\nFigure 1. \n\nMenunggu (Waiting) by Ni Nyoman Sani \n\n(Source: Ni Nyoman Sani, 2003) \n\n \n\nAs in the painting above, Apakah Wanita Harus Selalu Menunggu? (Does a \n\nWoman have to Always Wait?) (acrylic on canvas, 210 x 240 cm, 2005) also presents a", "start_char_idx": 8833, "end_char_idx": 11274, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3291a5a3-c5e3-4db7-b245-9f9a60116540": {"__data__": {"id_": "3291a5a3-c5e3-4db7-b245-9f9a60116540", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101953", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "da7a7ad5853a58482c3daaf7c49e4982ecf7bb6542b4373eb09112ffb42a5cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8d2b8edc-f9f8-482f-811a-e266f9897fe3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "afc17d5f9ddefd8e3d488ff1b3ddb9b309934218588b80f2a2cb86a7300ab19c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c8aba8a3-d4d9-4ade-a567-48270f0ffb85", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d3560ce75dda90346cfcc70ddc37c7d35b8caf54076329b9b0ac97b2e739d598", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n16 \n \n\nsimilar condition. Four women in the positions and gestures which are almost alike or in a \n\nquiet position. The eyes of the four women appear to be looking at a distance, but with an \n\nempty gaze. There is an impression that in their minds they are waiting something. \n\nThe waiting impression in this painting is stronger than before. This impression is \n\npresent through repetition that is built by the way how the four women are put in three \n\npanels with the same size. The vertical panels that are arranged in a row give the \n\nimpression of repetition while on the other hand they give an impression of frames or \n\nboundaries that enclose the women. Menunggu (Waiting) for these four women remind of \n\nthe act of waiting (menunggu godot). The act of waiting, which may be active, is likely to \n\nbe uncertain. The image of a fair skin in some of Sani\u2019s paintings like those exhibited in \n\n\u201cSeri Putih\u201d (A White Series) at Santrian Gallery, represents the reality of women whose \n\nimages of bodies are located in their minds and not in their bodies. Thus, Image is \n\nobviously not the real thing.  \n\nWomen\u2019s bodies in Sani\u2019s paintings often present beauty as women\u2019s strength. In \n\nthis sense, women\u2019s bodies are the tool to gain attention from the other sex. This image \n\nprojection does not directly present an image about an interdependence. Women are \n\nrepresented as the side who need men. Wowen on Sani\u2019s canvas are women whose \n\ndresses and makeups give an impression of producing a sign and at the same time \n\nmeaning. A representation that shows the subject woman\u2019s pose with an awareness as \n\nan object that is ready to be viewed. A body is a visual object whose owner is aware of as \n\nan asset (See Figure 2). \n\n \n\n Figure 2 \n\nApakah Wanita Harus Selalu Menunggu (Do Women Have to Always Wait) by  \n\nNi Nyoman Sani \n\n(Source: Ni Nyoman Sani, 2005).", "start_char_idx": 11279, "end_char_idx": 13415, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c8aba8a3-d4d9-4ade-a567-48270f0ffb85": {"__data__": {"id_": "c8aba8a3-d4d9-4ade-a567-48270f0ffb85", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101953", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "da7a7ad5853a58482c3daaf7c49e4982ecf7bb6542b4373eb09112ffb42a5cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3291a5a3-c5e3-4db7-b245-9f9a60116540", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "a5acb38cbf1c333e338bbf2f0319cc414949dbf8b6d081af687ae26f97fb7bd7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2d9e4c09-8da2-4f8a-af99-9cba0df3575f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "117a530287a21a17558e1e96f320f8dd93e74e440cb18715937251626bfc551c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n17 \n \n\nBodies in Sani\u2019s paintings as formulated by Synnott (2003:12) not only \u201chave \n\nexisted\u201d naturally, but also become social categories with different meanings produced \n\nand developed every time by different populace. In other words, bodies are like a sponge \n\nin its ability to absorb meanings, besides having a very strong political nuance. \n\nIn this case, women\u2019s bodies are the habitat for the growth of cultural, public, \n\nprivate, positive, negative, economical symbolism and commodification. Bodies, \n\nespecially women are related to a discipline that has to and will be undergone by them. \n\nBodies are socialized in a system in such a way that it then has a hierarchy. Thus, we \n\nknow very beautiful, beautiful, less beautiful, and even not beautiful bodies. In Sani\u2019s case \n\nof paintings, women\u2019s bodies are very beautiful bodies. The painting is done by paying \n\nattention to the perfect body anatomical structure. Part by part, the body is placed in a \n\nperfect pose and proportion. To strengthen the ideology, Sani even changed the color of \n\nwomen\u2019s bodies to fair, something that is culturally constructed.  \n\nWomen\u2019s bodies in Sani\u2019s paintings are also the habitat for the growth of private \n\nand public meanings. Bodies that must be private and domestic are presented by Sani \n\npublicly. Women\u2019s bodies are presented as visual objects. Sani\u2019s way of looking at \n\nwomen\u2019s bodies, as expressed in her concept about paintings, that is, however it may be, \n\ninfluenced by the patriarchal culture and under the dominance of men who appreciate the \n\nbodies to be \u201cconsume\u201c as the visual objects. Even, the bodies in this painting also gives \n\nan impression as an object of touch, an object of male desire. See her painting entitled, \n\nSeandainya Aku Sewangi Mawar (If I smelled as fragrant as a rose) (acrylic on canvas, \n\n180 x120 cm, 2003). \n\nThis painting is made up of a picture of a woman in a sitting pose with feet joining \n\neach other. This pose is very closely associated to the word fashion or photography. This \n\nimpression is confirmed by the position of the head that turns to the side. It is clear that \n\nthere is a style in this position. This style is associated with the meaning of the pose as a \n\nway to be seen. As the definition of a pose, which is the style or attitude that is presented \n\nwhen one takes a picture of it or paints it. Hence, a pose is an attitude as the result of an \n\narrangement with the aim of obtaining a certain style. Or in other words, a pose is very \n\ndifferent from a gesture that is related to body language.  \n\nThe woman in this painting is wearing a dress with a wide neck which enables the \n\nneck and shoulder to be clearly seen. The read dresses unite with the whole setting of the \n\npainting. The dominance of this red color immediately stimulates the eyes to see it. At the \n\nbeginning the process of looking at this painting starts with the glaring red color. After a \n\nwhile, the eyes are led to see the strange color. The color is white with a little hue of brown", "start_char_idx": 13427, "end_char_idx": 16729, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2d9e4c09-8da2-4f8a-af99-9cba0df3575f": {"__data__": {"id_": "2d9e4c09-8da2-4f8a-af99-9cba0df3575f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101953", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "da7a7ad5853a58482c3daaf7c49e4982ecf7bb6542b4373eb09112ffb42a5cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c8aba8a3-d4d9-4ade-a567-48270f0ffb85", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "089b27e7971bea4ff0657e7dc7f397c1442116f13ecb7080295f1bb05f9e8160", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "52d64c0a-ca09-44c9-bd9c-fd660652a03c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2baa1eb80c9d4ed19e0bb55dd024f8e330a81c8236469aa7ea6b6620cf11a17e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n18 \n \n\nin the parts of face, neck, fingers, legs and toes.  \n\nIt is easy to see that this painting is presented by the artist with the stress on the \n\nstrange color. This strange color is on the part of the body that is interesting to see. The \n\nstrange color with its meaning is a disorderliness that shows a deviation from a common \n\nuniformity. The disorder in this work of Sani serves to give a focus of attention. The woman \n\nin this painting clearly shows her appeal to be seen. Hence, the meaning of women\u2019s \n\nbodies has migrated from the domestic (private) domain to the the public. This is made \n\nclearer by the title of the painting: Seandainya Aku Sewangi Mawar (If I Smelled as \n\nFragrant as a Rose). Rose, of course, can have a connotation of a visual object, an object \n\nof smell, an object of desire. Rose, its fragrance, its beauty, then is present with its public \n\ncharacteristic (See Figure 4). \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 3 \n\nSeandainya Aku Sewangi Mawar (If I smelled as Fragrant as a Rose) by  \n\nNi Nyoman Sani \n\n(Source: Ni Nyoman Sani, 2003) \n\n \n\n \n\nSani did not criticize the quasi-world of this beautiful woman. Sani did not criticize \n\nthe sociocultural construction of a male territory. She even tended to campaign about \n\nwhite, and at the same time she adopted it. This was seen by Sani through the look of the \n\ndress of her painting to the real dress. Sani then designed dresses inspired by her \n\npaintings. \n\n In the opening of her single exhibition at Santrian Gallery, Sanur, Sani presented \n\nan exhibition of dresses that she designed using the visual art performing approach. There \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n19 \n \n\nwere fifteen dresses of her design that were exhibited by models. Interestingly, one of \n\nmodels was I Nyoman Sura, a choreographer who was also a Balinese contemporary \n\ndancer. Thanks to Sura, this exhibition of Sani\u2019s dresses entered the domain of \n\nperformance or theater in a broader sense. Sani and Sura collaboration erazed the \n\ndifference between fashion and art. Sani and Sura of course owed it to Paul Poiret, a \n\nvouturier (a haute-couture fashion designer) at the beginning of the 20th century that \n\ncollaborated theater and fashion. \n\n The removal of the difference between fashion and art was stated clearly by Sani \n\nby exhibiting seven of her designs in mannequin made from Bamboo works. The making \n\nand displaying of these mannequins used the installation art approach. It did not stop \n\nthere. The catwalk long straight white cloth that was once used at the time of \n\nperformance/fashion show was displayed all the time during the exhibition. On the edge \n\nof this long cloth there was exhibited a bamboo mannequin. This work was more like an \n\ninstallation produced by a fashion show index. Thus, this dress design by Sani was not \n\npresent as an exhibition as commonly seen at a house of fashion, the dresses with the \n\nbamboo mannequin were the works of fashion and at the same time was also a performing \n\nart and installation art.  \n\nIn art terminology this work belongs to the genre of contemporary visual art - \n\nanother term for postmodern visual art. This is marked by, for example, the erasure of the \n\nborder between pure art and applied art, visual art and performing art, dress and \n\ninstallation, and even art and kitsch (see Figure 4). \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n Figure 4 \n\nFashion Show- Mannequin Installation. The Work of Ni Nyoman Sani \n\n(Source: Ni Nyoman Sani).", "start_char_idx": 16734, "end_char_idx": 20693, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "52d64c0a-ca09-44c9-bd9c-fd660652a03c": {"__data__": {"id_": "52d64c0a-ca09-44c9-bd9c-fd660652a03c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101953", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "da7a7ad5853a58482c3daaf7c49e4982ecf7bb6542b4373eb09112ffb42a5cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2d9e4c09-8da2-4f8a-af99-9cba0df3575f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "1e543eecc64456b7fd90e75ccea31cd8183c44822c952945ca43d4a9e2948f3b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4eb859c0-6288-455e-bdd6-96570bcac6ca", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d6a1e99997cb5f943902589cca023bda7795ab840afd18f7891745a459f4773b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n20 \n \n\n Fashion according to Budiman (2004:95), while adopting Barnard\u2019s opinion (1996) \n\nthat has become classic, is present in front of us through an ambiguous face. On the one \n\nhand, a face looks attractive and tempting, but on the other hand, it reveals a meaning \n\nthat is associated with falsehood and deception.  \n\n Fashion is often called the existence of body that serves as a bridge between the \n\nbiological body and the sociocultural reality. It is often viewed as something seconder. \n\nSani through her works - paintings, performances, and installations \u2014represents fashion \n\nnot only in the position as applied visual art works, but also an effort to produce the \n\nmeaning of fashion in the pure art environment.  \n\n Meanings that can be produced from this work, among others in the selection of \n\ncolors in the dress. The painting entitled Seandainya Aku Sewangi Mawar (If I Smelled as \n\nFragrant as a Rose) (2003), Garis (Line) (2003), Menunggu (Waiting) (2003), Apakah \n\nWanita Harus Selalu Menunggu (Do Women Have to Always Wait) (2005), Pelangi \n\n(Rainbow) (2003), Senyum Tipis (Thin Smile) (2003), etc. are dominated by red which has \n\nthe gender connotation. The red color in culture is often constructed as women\u2019s color. \n\nHence, red is also associated with feminineness, that is associated with the person who \n\nis wearing it who is regarded as womanlike.  \n\n The dresses that are worn by the women in Sani\u2019s paintings also show certain \n\nparts of the body. the shoulder, back, thigh, leg, and even breast split. The dresses are \n\npresent with denotative meanings of the covers of the bodies, but the more important ones \n\nare the connotative meanings.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\n Women in Sani\u2019s paintings are fashionable with the dresses, the white skin, lipstick, \n\nand various body attributes whose class position can be read semantically, that is, upper \n\nmiddle class. Women in their sociocultural position are in a conspiration of enticement who \n\nare fond of consuming dresses and cosmetics more than what they need. A sociocultural \n\nreality that is close to commodification. Hence, women in these paintings are the cultural \n\nsubjects and objects of the rapid commodification development. A live and revived reality \n\nin the process of consumptivism through the use of gender difference. \n\n Sani, through her paintings, although tends to accept the reality of gender \n\ndifference, however it may be, has given an interesting portrait of the issue of women in \n\ninterpreting the meaning of their bodies.", "start_char_idx": 20701, "end_char_idx": 23496, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4eb859c0-6288-455e-bdd6-96570bcac6ca": {"__data__": {"id_": "4eb859c0-6288-455e-bdd6-96570bcac6ca", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101953", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "da7a7ad5853a58482c3daaf7c49e4982ecf7bb6542b4373eb09112ffb42a5cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "52d64c0a-ca09-44c9-bd9c-fd660652a03c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "0d0de9c890850582e3ef9cb95473a23fd7dc85757ebd04f4527caaa3a3d1ccca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "57b9b00f-2395-4217-96ad-8a277f3c9736", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4d3d2fd5bec32dbfb9577ca0a2d9c70951e70ce112e38d97f9b6b9e84c1a0fd0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 12-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n21 \n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n The authors express their highest gratitude to the E-Journal of Cultural Studies \n\nand the Cultural Studies Study Program, Doctorate Program, Faculty of Culture, Udayana \n\nUniversity for publishing this article. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nBarker, C. (2014). Kamus Kajian Budaya. Yogyakarta: PT. Kanisius. \n\nBudiman, K. (2004). Jejaring Tanda-tanda: Strukturalisme dan Semiotika dalam Kritik \nKebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Indonesiatera. \n\nGiddens, Anthony. (2004). Transformation of Intimacy. Jakarta: Fresh Book \n\nHasan, A. (2001). Dua Seni Rupa, Sepilihan Tulisan Sanento Yuliman. Jakarta: Kalam. \n\nNugraha, G., Adnyana, I. W., & Karja, W. (2022). Iconography of Woman Image in Sri \nTanjung Relief at Candi Surowono. Journal of Aesthetics, Creativity and Art \nManagement, 1(1), 1\u201312. https://doi.org/10.31091/jacam.v1i1.1591. \n\nPrabasmoro, A. P. (2004). Becaming White. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nPutra, F., Yudarta, I. G., & Mudra, I. W. (2023). Everyday Life of Women Workers in \nBadung Market (A Documentary Photography Study). Journal of Aesthetics, \nCreativity and Art Management, 2(1), 36\u201344. \nhttps://doi.org/10.31091/jacam.v2i1.2345. \n\nSynnott, A. (2003). The Body Social, Symbolism, Self, and Society, (Tubuh Sosial, \nSimbolisme, Diri, dan Masyarakat). Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nSaidi, A. I. (2008). Narasi Simbolik Seni Rupa Kontemporer Indonesia. Yogyakarta: \nISACBOOK. \n\nSugiharto, B. (2015). Untuk Apa Seni? Bandung: Pustaka Matahari. \n\nSukra, I W., & Utami, V. (2006). The Painting of Ni Nyoman Sani. Singapadu: t.p. \n\nTrisnadewi, A. A. S. I., Ratna C.S, T. I., & Remawa, A. A. G. R. (2022). Swakaryaloka: \nNaturalist based street chic creation. Journal of Aesthetics, Creativity and Art \nManagement, 1(2), 81\u201394. https://doi.org/10.31091/jacam.v1i2.1833. \n\nWinarno, I. A. (2007). \u201cPersoalan Kesetaraan Gender dalam Karya Seni Rupa \nKontemporer Indonesia\u201d Jurnal Visual Art ITB, (1(2), 211- 223. \n\nZellya, G. R. A., Wirawan, I. K. A., & Darmawan, I. D. M. (2022). Artistic Arrangement as \nSemiotics of Criminal Messages in the Film \u201cMarlina Si Pembunuh dalam Empat \nBabak\u201d. Journal of Aesthetics, Creativity and Art Management, 1(1), 13-21. \nhttps://doi.org/10.31091/jacam.v1i1.1592.", "start_char_idx": 23509, "end_char_idx": 25983, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "57b9b00f-2395-4217-96ad-8a277f3c9736": {"__data__": {"id_": "57b9b00f-2395-4217-96ad-8a277f3c9736", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101958", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "57ad1de7e1adc8311b10719de859feb1a0b253d80b5fe8c23c1197e090760124", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4eb859c0-6288-455e-bdd6-96570bcac6ca", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101953", "author": "Suartini, Luh; ., Hardiman", "title": " CONSUMPTIVISM IN THE GENDER ROLE IN NI NYOMAN SANI\u2019S WORKS OF ART", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101953.pdf"}, "hash": "c7fe5050480e82d10ac47989f60877c3fe3f57e7f667415ebcff5b61208bb86a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e490d6ad-6305-4aa9-898d-9df753b79687", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "456ca626f141abcfa7d5661b9272e7576b5111c5e55c77335c52a5fe7bed6827", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel a.n. Hascaryo1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n1 \n \n\n \nANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION \n\nACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS \n \n\nHascaryo Pramudibyanto1, Obed Bida2, Cynthia Maria Siwi3 \n \n\n1.2.3Faculty of Law, Social and Political Sciences, Open University \n \n\nEmail: 1hascaryo@ecampus.ut.ac.id, 2obida@ecampus.ut.ac.id, \n3mariasiwi@ecampus.ut.ac.id  \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 10-04-2023 \nAccepted Date : 03-05-2023 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2023 \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\nAs one of the services of online tutorial activities, this learning assistance service must \nalso be able to provide interactive communication facilities between tutors and students. \nAchieving maximum value through this activity will be able to increase the acquisition of \ngood final semester exam scores. The contribution of online tutorial grades can be \nobtained through students\u2019 activeness in discussions and assignments. The basis for \ngiving online tutorial grades is the results of submitting or uploading discussion responses \nin each online tutorial session with a minimum set of criteria. The problem of this study is \nthe lack of feedback from tutors to students in online discussion forums. To address this \nissue, a descriptive method was used to identify and describe the consequences of not \nproviding stimulus in the online tutorial discussion forum for the Sosiologi Komunikasi \nMassa course at the Open University during the 2022.1 registration period. The results of \nthis study revealed the need for greeting messages and the availability of reminder \nfacilities for students regarding tutor responses in discussion forums.  \n \nKeywords: assignment grades, discussion responses, online tutorial, online tutorial  \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nLearning evaluation is a very important aspect in an educational institution. The \n\nway to evaluate learning is periodically so that the results of the evaluation can be used \n\nas material or reference in improving the next learning process. Online tutorial activities \n\nrequire students to be actively involved in the learning process. Active involvement by \n\nstudents as tutorial subjects should be realized by students as a way to increase the value \n\nof students\u2019 participation or activeness in discussion activities and online tutorial \n\nassignments. \n\nThis is a measure of the sensitivity of students\u2019 responsiveness in discussion \n\nactivities and assignments to the value given by the online tutorial tutor. The basis for", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2783, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e490d6ad-6305-4aa9-898d-9df753b79687": {"__data__": {"id_": "e490d6ad-6305-4aa9-898d-9df753b79687", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101958", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "57ad1de7e1adc8311b10719de859feb1a0b253d80b5fe8c23c1197e090760124", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "57b9b00f-2395-4217-96ad-8a277f3c9736", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "35174b8c6a51eb00b18e299e5822cf0febf47042ea8b4fd41e6671511dbd4637", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b17b988d-935b-4a16-a7eb-99a236fa98f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3a0c2c0034844e90a074ccb4b9788ad566a1cac3d3b0b7d4092eecb8119c49cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n2 \n \n\nawarding online tutorial grades is the upload of discussion responses in each online \n\ntutorial session with minimum predetermined criteria, such as the inclusion of a description \n\nof the discussion response, sharpness in analyzing the given case, and writing reference \n\nsources or references according to the thematic ideas of the discussion case. \n\nDistance Education is a form of teaching and learning process service that is \n\ncarried out remotely through the use of various communication media. Distance Education \n\nprovides higher education services to community groups or students who cannot attend \n\nface-to-face or regular education and expand access to student learning reach. \n\nDistance Education is a means to help people who have various limitations in \n\ngaining access to education. Data in 2018 shows that Indonesia's education participation \n\nrate is still relatively low at 32.55%, although it has an increasing trend compared to the \n\nprevious year of 30%, but it is still far from the national target (Seftiawan, 2018). \n\nDistance Education is expected to encourage and improve the quality of learner \n\nparticipation at the higher education level, because distance education is characterized \n\nas open, independent, complete, and uses information and communication technology \n\n(ICT). Through the distance education system, everyone can gain access to quality \n\neducation without having to leave their family, home, work, and not lose career \n\nopportunities. \n\nRealistically, distance education is needed in the era of the industrial revolution \n\n4.0, so that it can compete with other universities that do not implement distance \n\neducation. Distance education is an educational innovation, because it can be reached by \n\nall groups and is relatively cheaper with the concept applied, namely blended learning \n\ntogether or face to face online. Distance education is also a learning concept that is \n\nconsidered the most efficient and cuts some costs, because it does not require room and \n\nroom supporting facilities such as the use of LCD, laptop, air conditioning, and so on. \n\nAs a form of learning program innovation, distance education still needs to pay \n\nattention to the quality of learning, because the quality of the process is a very important \n\nindicator, because it affects the output and outcome of learning. In maintaining and \n\nimproving the quality of learning, it is necessary to provide supporting learning tools such \n\nas online learning facilities. The superstructure aspects that support learning are learning \n\ntools, curriculum, tutorial activity design, unit of tutorial activity, scoring guidelines, \n\nexercises, discussions, assignments, tutors, and others. \n\nThe implementation of the learning process through online tutorial classes is \n\nbelieved to have not provided a portion for students to assess the quality of learning and \n\nperformance to the fullest. One of the reasons is that not all students have responded to", "start_char_idx": 2788, "end_char_idx": 6033, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b17b988d-935b-4a16-a7eb-99a236fa98f2": {"__data__": {"id_": "b17b988d-935b-4a16-a7eb-99a236fa98f2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101958", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "57ad1de7e1adc8311b10719de859feb1a0b253d80b5fe8c23c1197e090760124", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e490d6ad-6305-4aa9-898d-9df753b79687", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "cd368dfd332395c3d890c81dfa904ff5ac3f09d6ca68997b97cc7acb2f99bc6e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "55a37aa6-2ce0-4cac-a6c8-ff2733acb5b1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c995707d4bfe594c16845ebba6ad28279db0e77ee3ca91c13ba1f784b8a9b071", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n3 \n \n\ndiscussions and assignments after receiving responses from tutors, before the grade \n\nupload limit is closed by the existing time limit.  This is the reason why this study was \n\ndeveloped to make a significant change in the grading of learning evaluation through \n\nonline tutorials. Therefore, a new formula is needed that allows students to interact \n\nactively with the tutor. \n\nUntil now, the quality of distance learning has become an important highlight in the \n\neducational environment. Innovative learning programs and making it easier for people to \n\naccess must be balanced with adequate quality, so as to produce greater outputs and \n\noutcomes. One of the ways that can be done to maintain the quality of learning is by \n\nevaluating learning tools both in terms of superstructure and infrastructure must be done \n\nregularly. \n\nThis includes online tutorial activities that have not provided facilities for students \n\nto obtain information about tutor\u2019s feedback when responding to responses or assessing \n\nstudents\u2019 work. The facility in question is a direct and popular notification program through \n\nstudents' mobile phones. \n\nThe reason for choosing cellular phones as the intermediary medium for response \n\nnotifications in online tutorials is because this media is still considered familiar, easy to \n\nuse, and is always near students (users). Based on these reasons, students consider that \n\ncellular phones are very important to be used as a medium of communication in the online \n\ntutorial learning process, especially when students need to know about notifications about \n\nresponses and grades given by tutors. \n\nThus, the objectives to be achieved in this study are to determine the frequency or \n\nlevel of students\u2019 participation in accessing online tutorial activities, the reasons for \n\nstudents to reconfirm the responses given by tutors in the online tutorial discussion \n\ncomment column, and the need for notifications about responses and grading of \n\ndiscussions and assignments in online tutorial activities. \n\nTo achieve optimal grades in discussion forums and assignment work, students \n\nshould see or access back the sessions they have opened, filled in, and uploaded. \n\nHowever, in reality, students are not aware of any comments submitted by tutors in the \n\ndiscussion forum. Presumably, students think that everything they have done in the \n\ndiscussion forum and uploaded answers to tutorial assignments is enough. \n\nIn fact, with the comments from the tutor, it can be seen whether or not there is a \n\nlack of material that should be included. If they happen to re-access and find the tutor's \n\ncomments, they have the opportunity to improve their discussion responses or upload \n\ntheir answers to the assignments, so that they can get better grades. All this can be done", "start_char_idx": 6038, "end_char_idx": 9117, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "55a37aa6-2ce0-4cac-a6c8-ff2733acb5b1": {"__data__": {"id_": "55a37aa6-2ce0-4cac-a6c8-ff2733acb5b1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101958", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "57ad1de7e1adc8311b10719de859feb1a0b253d80b5fe8c23c1197e090760124", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b17b988d-935b-4a16-a7eb-99a236fa98f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "9d006b434d9795e0ae6b8b9d25d6fe6cbdfd37247d2e3b82f96b49e2dd976c8b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3c63cbb9-d788-4b9c-b503-b28739872526", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "51988f008c7e2e33301450a9a1be6db15902a3d2a1f50a67e76cab9d64455a90", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n4 \n \n\nif the deadline for each session has not closed. \n\nIf students have and can do this properly and according to the schedule of each \n\nsession, then it is likely that there will be a change in tutor performance in terms of concern \n\nand desire to always ensure efforts to improve students\u2019 learning evaluation results \n\nthrough online tutorial activities. \n\nThe existence of online tutorial tutors becomes very central because they \n\ncontribute to the success of the students\u2019 learning process. In addition, students will also \n\nfeel satisfied if the results of their work are in accordance with the efforts they have made. \n\nThus, the aspect of students\u2019 satisfaction becomes one of the most important factors, \n\nbecause the main stakeholders of higher education institutions are students, so the main \n\norientation of the institution is to create the quality of educational programs that can build \n\nsatisfies from students (Khasanah, 2012). \n\nIn accordance with the explanation of Romero, Andia, Velarde, and Huaraca \n\n(2022) which states that as many as 73.8% of students assess that the virtual classes \n\nthey follow can improve the quality of communication and help the exchange of \n\ninformation between students and lecturers (tutors). As many as 71.4% considered that \n\nthe use of virtual classes made them more efficient and safe in carrying out or participating \n\nin asynchronous learning activities, such as those carried out in online tutorial learning. \n\nOn this basis, the learners in Romero, Andia, Velarde and Huaraca's research \n\nacknowledged that there was a higher percentage of them who considered that the use \n\nof virtual classes had positively influenced their asynchronous learning process. The \n\nrecommendation from their research is the need to continuously improve the skills in the \n\nuse and utilization of information and communication technology for virtual learners. Thus, \n\nthere needs to be a synergistic effort between students and tutors so that tutors have the \n\nopportunity to provide good learning evaluation assessments.  \n\nThe problem addressed in this study is the lack of feedback from tutors to students \n\nin online discussion forums. A descriptive method was used to identify and describe the \n\nconsequences of not providing stimulus in the online tutorial discussion forum for the \n\nSosiologi Komunikasi Massa course at the Open University during the 2022.1 registration \n\nperiod. Therefore, a reminder or notification system from tutors to students regarding tutor \n\nresponses in the discussion forum is necessary. \n\n \n\nMETHODS \n\nThe research procedure consists of several things, such as research subjects, \n\nmethods, variable operationalization, data collection techniques, and data analysis", "start_char_idx": 9122, "end_char_idx": 12133, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3c63cbb9-d788-4b9c-b503-b28739872526": {"__data__": {"id_": "3c63cbb9-d788-4b9c-b503-b28739872526", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101958", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "57ad1de7e1adc8311b10719de859feb1a0b253d80b5fe8c23c1197e090760124", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "55a37aa6-2ce0-4cac-a6c8-ff2733acb5b1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "43de4f3b8269e088357ff30deade2f20f350c52a5f0d3d58bce4e9ce4aa24f28", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f361050c-c6ad-465b-9c62-218aca99cbd0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8ecff75a6c8c3a1a3cd36127a2bc717bfd5d5b185591f00c34896452fadd7574", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n5 \n \n\ntechniques. The population who became research respondents were students who were \n\nregistered as participants in the online tutorial of the Sosiologi Komunikasi Massa course \n\nat the Open University for the registration period 2022.1 class 5 with a total of 50 \n\nparticipants. The social, economic, and age backgrounds of students were ignored, so \n\npurposive sampling was used on the grounds of student homogeneity. The heterogeneity \n\naspect lies only in the existence as Open University students who take the same course, \n\nnamely Sociology of Mass Communication. \n\nStudents in this class were considered capable of answering the questions posed \n\nthrough the questionnaire due to their involvement in face-to-face tutorial classes, both as \n\nactive and passive participants. The research method used is descriptive which is \n\nintended to determine and describe the existence or absence of an effect imposed on the \n\nsubject under study which is carried out factually and carefully (Sakaran and Bogie, 2017). \n\nData collection activities are carried out by distributing questionnaires containing \n\na list of questions that have been compiled according to the events in the online tutorial \n\nclass, which are then distributed to respondents. In accordance with the method used, \n\nnamely descriptive, the analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. How to analyze \n\nthe results of filling out the questionnaire is through the stages of collecting, compiling, \n\nexplaining, and interpreting the answers to the questionnaires that have been distributed. \n\n \n\nRESULTS \n\nThe results of the study explain matters directly related to the learning process of \n\nOpen University students who take part in online tutorials in the Sosiologi Komunikasi \n\nMassa course. This research has been carried out in accordance with the schedule \n\ninvolving 50 students. At that time, the number of questionnaires distributed was in \n\naccordance with the real number of participants in the online tutorial of the Sosiologi \n\nKomunikasi Massa class 5 course, which was 50 people. The questionnaire began with a \n\nbasic question about the frequency of student participation in online tutorials. \n\nThe following are the results of the student questionnaire and its analysis, \n\narranged according to the order of questions in the questionnaire. Of the 28 respondents \n\nwho filled out the questionnaire, 12 people mentioned the number 3 times accessing the \n\nonline tutorial of the Sosiologi Komunikasi Massa course in each tutorial session. This \n\nnumber or frequency is good because they give the reason for re-accessing is to find out \n\nwhether there is a response by the tutor to their work. In addition, they also wanted to find \n\nout updates on events in each session, which were experienced by classmates in the \n\nSosiologi Komunikasi Massa course.", "start_char_idx": 12138, "end_char_idx": 15247, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f361050c-c6ad-465b-9c62-218aca99cbd0": {"__data__": {"id_": "f361050c-c6ad-465b-9c62-218aca99cbd0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101958", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "57ad1de7e1adc8311b10719de859feb1a0b253d80b5fe8c23c1197e090760124", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3c63cbb9-d788-4b9c-b503-b28739872526", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "e54da540d850598e70bf79455fe1ed14c61767b72ed3e520236b6e4d7acb0355", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c5c46d39-c263-412e-b079-2c6014a7f63a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0dda0fa3ddb2364fb0b292f84fef0b73961be710752db66de2c387ffb6a2ea24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n6 \n \n\nThe reason for knowing the event updates in each session is to find out the latest \n\nthings conveyed by the tutor, warnings given by the tutor if a violation occurs, and \n\nstudents' efforts to avoid mistakes that have been made by other friends. The types of \n\nupdates that many students get in the interaction in the tutorial class of the Sosiologi \n\nKomunikasi Massa course are the need to include sources or references in presenting \n\narguments, the correct procedure for writing responses, and the average score given by \n\nthe tutor to the work that according to student understanding is good, which is at least 85. \n\nThe types of warnings delivered by tutors include the importance of including \n\nsources or references in providing responses, not allowing plagiarism of the work of \n\nfriends in one tutorial class, and quoting certain texts without including sources. These \n\nthree types of warnings are considered reasonable and become an important thing to \n\nalways remember to avoid mistakes. Furthermore, knowing the mistakes that have been \n\nmade by other friends is one of the ways or tricks learned by students not to be repeated \n\nor repeated by them. \n\nIn addition, 13 students stated that they accessed the online tutorial class twice in \n\none session. They argued that this number was to submit a discussion response and find \n\nout whether or not they had responded, getting a discussion grade from the tutor. If they \n\nhad, they would not access the session even if the tutor responded once. They stated that \n\nthey only needed the value of the discussion responses and did not care about the events \n\nthat happened in class. They also admitted that they deliberately did not read the \n\npresentation or responses delivered by the tutor to other friends, and considered it not a \n\npersonal matter that concerned them. \n\n \n\nTable 1 Average response time \n\n \n\nNext, there were three students participating in the online tutorial for the Sosiologi \n\nKomunikasi Massa course who only accessed each tutorial session once. They said that \n\ngot feedback and \nscores from tutors \nafter 3 days (11 \n\nstudents)\n\ndid not get a \nresponse but got a \nscore (7 students)\n\nalways get \nfeedback and \n\nscores (3 students)\n\n0\n\n2\n\n4\n\n6\n\n8\n\n10\n\n12\n\n0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5\n\nnu\nm\n\nbe\nr \n\no\nf \n\nst\nud\n\nen\nts\n\nTime level of tutor response\n\nProviding discussion feedback by the tutor", "start_char_idx": 15252, "end_char_idx": 17900, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c5c46d39-c263-412e-b079-2c6014a7f63a": {"__data__": {"id_": "c5c46d39-c263-412e-b079-2c6014a7f63a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101958", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "57ad1de7e1adc8311b10719de859feb1a0b253d80b5fe8c23c1197e090760124", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f361050c-c6ad-465b-9c62-218aca99cbd0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "15e1aa6003ee9cf4a2247d2a9da93ccee7dfe5aac1017cd4efba9070bbd16495", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dced5392-7691-4490-b5fb-4a5fb2bfb979", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1592d7cfbd4050e7a47134802d4aae323980e59d9997a6ff7272c972f5dc03d4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n7 \n \n\nthey only gave enough discussion responses for the reason of getting a discussion grade. \n\nThey believed that they would always be given a discussion grade by the tutor, did not \n\ncare about class events, and did not read the tutor's response in the discussion class of \n\neach session (as shown in table 1). \n\nThe next question was about the ability to respond to discussion responses in \n\nonline tutorials. It asked how quickly students uploaded discussion responses, responded \n\nto tutor comments, and rewrote discussion responses. Of the 28 students who filled out \n\nthe questionnaire, 11 students stated that they gave a response to the discussion of the \n\nonline tutorial class of the Sosiologi Komunikasi Massa course no later than Wednesday \n\nor three days after the discussion material was uploaded in the tutorial class, so they also \n\ngot a grade after Wednesday or the third day after uploading the discussion material by \n\nthe tutor. And as many as 17 people sent discussion responses on Friday or the fifth day \n\nafter the tutor uploaded the discussion material for each session (table 2). \n\n \n\n \n\nTable 2 Submission time of discussion responses by students \n(after tutor uploads discussion materials) \n\n \n\nThe reason they chose Wednesday or three days after the discussion material was \n\nuploaded was that they usually had the opportunity on that day. The next reason was to \n\nwait for other friends to respond to the discussion and use the response material as a \n\nreference for preparing their own responses. The last reason was the need for time to find \n\nanswers for their responses to be uploaded, as well as determining appropriate sources \n\nor references. \n\nIn response to the tutor's comments or responses, 18 students answered that they \n\ndid not get any responses or answers from the tutor. They admitted that they only received \n\nmarks in the discussion of each session. Meanwhile, 7 students admitted that they only \n\nreceived feedback from the tutor once, while the remaining 3 students said that they \n\n11\n\n17\n\n0\n\n5\n\n10\n\n15\n\n20\n\nDay three Day five\n\nSubmission time of discussion responses after the day \nthe discussion material is uploaded by the tutor\n\nNumber of\nstudents\n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n8 \n \n\nalways received feedback or answers from the tutor (table 3). \n\nThrough table 3, the following can also be explained. A total of 9 students \n\nanswered that they uploaded their discussion responses on the fifth day or Friday of each \n\nweek of the online tutorial session on the grounds that they were waiting for other friends \n\nto upload their responses and they had an idea of the response model to be uploaded so \n\nthat it would not be too wrong. As many as 4 students stated in the second week \n\n \n\n  \n\nTable 3 Tutors' responses to students' discussion submissions \n\n \n\nafter the discussion material was uploaded because 4 other students provided discussion \n\nresponses at the end of each discussion session with the excuse that they were just trying \n\nto fill in and send responses in order to get a discussion grade. They did not really care \n\nabout the quality of the response content because they were already pressed for time. \n\nWhen answering the question about responses to comments submitted by tutors, \n\n22 students admitted that they never responded again to answers or responses submitted \n\nby tutors. The reasons for this were that they did not have time to respond again (21 \n\npeople), they did not feel the need to respond again (4 people), and they responded but \n\ndid not want to continue the discussion and were about to move on to the next session (3 \n\npeople). This can also be seen in the following table 4. \n\n18\n\n7\n\n3\n\n0\n2\n4\n6\n8\n\n10\n12\n14\n16\n18\n20\n\nNot getting responses\nor answers from tutors\n\nonly once received a\nresponse from the\n\ntutor\n\nAlways get responses\nor answers from tutors\n\nSeries1", "start_char_idx": 17904, "end_char_idx": 22274, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dced5392-7691-4490-b5fb-4a5fb2bfb979": {"__data__": {"id_": "dced5392-7691-4490-b5fb-4a5fb2bfb979", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101958", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "57ad1de7e1adc8311b10719de859feb1a0b253d80b5fe8c23c1197e090760124", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c5c46d39-c263-412e-b079-2c6014a7f63a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "b72b143ac474144db6efc866fa0e0026e12fca82715d3f3a58ac352318284ba7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2fdadd39-ca09-4dbb-b2d2-79abe5d671f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1f005d42eb9636b29ffb663c98b0ec353e47e1b4003bff5208642414fc616c29", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n9 \n \n\n \n\nTable 4 Students' attitude towards comments/responses delivered by tutors \n\nThe next question was about how students get information on whether there is a \n\nresponse from the tutor (Table 5). Of the 28 students who sent back their questionnaires, \n\n23 students only relied on the online tutorial facility to find out whether there were any \n\nresponses, grades, or comments given by the tutor, while the rest stated that they did not \n\ndo anything to find out what happened in the tutorial class because they thought the \n\nsession was over (5 people). \n\n \n\nTable 5 How students get information on whether or not there is feedback from tutors \n\n \n\nFurthermore, regarding whether or not it is necessary to develop a reminder media \n\nfor students when there is the latest information or responses from tutors, 26 students \n\nsaid that it is necessary so that they know the latest things that happen in their online \n\ntutorial class (table 6). As many as 2 students answered that they did not know whether \n\nor not the reminder media was needed. \n\n21\n\n4 3\n0\n\n5\n\n10\n\n15\n\n20\n\n25\n\nNo time to respond again Feels no need to respond\nanymore\n\nResponded but did not\nwant any further\n\ndiscussion\n\nSeries1\n\n26\n\n2\n0\n\n5\n\n10\n\n15\n\n20\n\n25\n\n30\n\nOnly rely on online tutorial facilities Do nothing\n\nSeries1\n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n10 \n \n\n \n\nTable 6 Reasons why students think there is a need for information about tutor \n\nresponses \n\n \n\nIn terms of the type of reminder media, they expect messages through the WhatsApp \n\napplication (WA) which can be a medium for mediating messages if there are new things \n\nhappening in the online tutorial class, including in this case responses, grades, and \n\ncomments from tutors or colleagues in the class (26 people). As many as 2 students \n\nanswered that they did not know the type of media that was suitable for mediating online \n\ntutorial class information (Table 7). \n\n \n\nTable 7 Types of media reminders of tutor feedback or grades \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\nThe conclusions that can be conveyed in this research report are as follows. \n\n1. Although the learning concept at the Open University is self-directed, students still need \n\nguidance for academic activities such as online tutorials. \n\n26\n\n2\n0\n\n5\n\n10\n\n15\n\n20\n\n25\n\n30\n\nTo keep them up to date with the\nlatest happenings in the online\n\ntutorial class\n\nDo not know whether there is a\nneed for reminders\n\nSeries1\n\n26\n\n2\n0\n\n5\n\n10\n\n15\n\n20\n\n25\n\n30\n\nWhatsApp Do not know\n\nSeries1", "start_char_idx": 22278, "end_char_idx": 25262, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2fdadd39-ca09-4dbb-b2d2-79abe5d671f3": {"__data__": {"id_": "2fdadd39-ca09-4dbb-b2d2-79abe5d671f3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101958", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "57ad1de7e1adc8311b10719de859feb1a0b253d80b5fe8c23c1197e090760124", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dced5392-7691-4490-b5fb-4a5fb2bfb979", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "331a33ab7143823ac4b45478256830424078bf1349ec020a983dd18b8bcba035", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2435ab8a-fedb-40e2-a30e-6a6974117cb5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7801c1566d9cd18aeeea262788669758f7c2d7347d8bae425f23143a748f5495", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                     May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 1-11   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n11 \n \n\n2. Students want to know about the development of the discussion forums in online \n\ntutorials quickly so they can respond to the tutor's requests promptly. \n\nThe suggestions that can be conveyed are as follows. \n\n1. In online tutorial activities, there should be greeting messages to encourage students \n\nto stay active in monitoring the development of discussion forums. \n\n2. It is necessary to provide reminder facilities for students regarding the tutor's responses \n\nin the discussion forums. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nHidayatullah, J.R, Wardani, H.N and Rachmadi, A. 2018. Website Development of \nKampung Batik Jetis with the Rational Unified Process Method. Journal of \nInformation Technology and Computer Science Development, Vol. 2, No. 11, Pp: \n4347-4356. \n\nKhasanah, N. 2012. Evaluation of the Implementation of PPJJ Pilot Program \n(Development of Distance Education) Iain Walisongo Towards Online Learning \n(Cooperation DBE 2 USAID with IAIN Walisongo Semarang). PHENOMENON \nJournal, Volume 2, pp. 29-48. \n\nRiyanto, Yatim. 2012. New Paradigm of Learning. Jakarta: Kencana. \n\nRomero, Guillermo Pastor Morales, And\u00eda, Adri\u00e1n Quispe, Velarde, C\u00e9sar Le\u00f3n, and \nHuaraca, Carlos Palacios. 2022. Asynchronous learning: evaluation of virtual \nclassroom metrics according to the perception of university students. Indonesia. \nIndonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28(2):1058. \nDOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i2.pp1058-1066. License: CC BY-NC 4.0. Link: \nhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/364961802_Asynchronous_learning_ev\naluation_of_virtual_classroom_metrics_according_to_the_perception_of_universi\nty_students. \n\nSekaran, Uma, and Roger, Bogie. 2017. Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building \nApproach. Edition 6, Book 1, Salemba Empat, South Jakarta 12160. \n\nSeftiawan, D. 2018. Higher Education Gross Participation Rate Targeted to Grow 2.5%. \nwww.pikiran-rakyat.com, accessed on January 5, 2020. \n\nSugandi, Achmad, et al. 2004. Learning Theory. Semarang: UPT MKK UNNES. \n\nVincent Gaspersz. 2005. Total Quality Management. Gramedia, Jakarta. \n\nPerry, W. & G. Rumble, 2008. A short guide to distance education, Cambridge: \nInternational Extension College, 1987, p. 15. \n\n \n \n \n\n.", "start_char_idx": 25266, "end_char_idx": 27754, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2435ab8a-fedb-40e2-a30e-6a6974117cb5": {"__data__": {"id_": "2435ab8a-fedb-40e2-a30e-6a6974117cb5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2fdadd39-ca09-4dbb-b2d2-79abe5d671f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101958", "author": "Pramudibyanto, Hascaryo; Bida, Obed; Maria Siwi, Cynthia", "title": " ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS INTERACTION NEEDS IN DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENTS", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101958.pdf"}, "hash": "8517524265075f0aeda6305f8b4bde3af737dfca1eca0868f8111f3970d799d5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "54faea3a-1c3f-4933-bcda-6f81f4d8c701", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ab71873f4c451ff319be0bf4b0db186c83e543130fd2ba91ef91a1e38f81634c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel a.n. Ni Luh Suartini2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n22 \n \n\n \nFACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON \n\nPOSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF  \nNORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE \n\n  \n \n\n Dwianita Conny Palar1, I Ketut Ardhana2, Ni Made Wiasti3, I Nyoman Sukiada4 \n\n \n1Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, 2,3,4Cultural Studies Study Program, Faculty \n\nof Arts, Udayana University \n \n\nEmail: 1dwianitapalar@gmail.com,  2phejepsdrlipi@yahoo.com,  \n3made_wiasti@unud.ac.id, 4nyoman_sukiada@unud.ac.id  \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 19-01-2023 \nAccepted Date : 26-05-2023 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2023 \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\nEvery civil servant has the same opportunity to get a position to improve their career, \nincluding employees in the North Sulawesi Provincial Government Office. The structural \nposition is a very strategic position for anyone who can reach the position. However, it is \nnot uncommon to find gender inequality in a community group that can affect every \nemployee in reaching the position. As for this study, it can be understood that there are \nseveral factors that cause an imbalance in occupying echelon positions. The existing \nfactors are divided into internal factors that come from within the employee, and external \nfactors that come from outside the employee and influence them to develop themselves, \nespecially for female employees. All of these factors are expected to create gender \nequality in the Regional Government of North Sulawesi. \n \nKeywords: Women's struggle, Minahasa culture, local government. \n  \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nThe existence of women in the government environment is an opportunity for the \n\nrealization of a strong bureaucracy because the involvement of women can help issue a \n\npolicy that supports women. However, struggles in life cannot be avoided, this must occur \n\nas a form of one's self-defense in his environment. Currently, women's struggles occur \n\nbecause of competition between men and women from the point of view of competence, \n\nprofessional, organizational managerial, and leadership. With advances in technology, \n\ninformation, openness, equal rights, women are not underestimated because women are \n\nalso able to do the work done by men. This situation leads to see what factors influence", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2566, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "54faea3a-1c3f-4933-bcda-6f81f4d8c701": {"__data__": {"id_": "54faea3a-1c3f-4933-bcda-6f81f4d8c701", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2435ab8a-fedb-40e2-a30e-6a6974117cb5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "c61e8619d7dd8b7a5eb3052587c8f569ed4490fcc875edae28fae64c2d8db775", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "77767283-4edf-4071-88b8-8a1493818a38", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a6cedc50ced01820e8eb92a71deaae6c306dbebf065020aa7598c657d4bba271", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n23 \n \n\nwomen's struggles in occupying echelon positions in the North Sulawesi Provincial \n\nGovernment Office? \n\n \n\nThe Position of Women in Minahasa Culture  \n\nSeeing the cultural history in Minahasa, religion is the priority above all else, God \n\nis called \"Si Empung\", they do not worship statues but make an altar from bamboo without \n\nusing a roof so that prayers go straight to the sky. The community leader is called \"Tu'ah \n\nUmbanua\" who is determined by holding a public election to become king in his own \n\nterritory, and his wife becomes queen as well as religious leader. When it comes to work, \n\nmen cultivate the land for farming, and women are close to the coast to make salt, raise \n\npigs and dogs, pound rice and make clothes for bark from certain trees. In community \n\norganizations, the Minahasa community leaders consist of two groups, namely Walian, \n\nfrom the word Wali, which means to deliver like a mother hen and protect her chicks. \n\nSecond, Tona'as from the word Ta'as which means hard. In the Walian position, the \n\nWalian Tu'ah group if held by an old woman will be called Walian Mengorai or the leader \n\nof the fertility dance, because Walian Tu'ah also leads religious and traditional \n\nceremonies, this can also be called Walian Peposanan. Furthermore, Mapalus, the mutual \n\nassistance organization underwent changes, namely work was carried out by men and \n\nwomen with several working time requirements and the provision of consumption food \n\nand food provided by the garden owner (Wenas, 2007). \n\nThe occurrence of the creation of the Minahasa earth, serves as a medium for the \n\nidentity of the Minahasa tribe which was received by the ancestors in the myths of Toar \n\nand Lumimuut. The role of women from young to old can always mix with men inside and \n\noutside the house, in the fields, or during parties in every effort and result. Therefore, \n\neducation and development as a woman is completely free. She is not timid, and clumsy; \n\nand women also do not show a secretive attitude, as is generally found in women \n\nexperiencing an isolated life. If you look at the existing culture, it can be seen that from \n\nthe beginning, men and women in Minahasa have not experienced discrimination, \n\nbecause all can participate in work, in the organizational system, or in the existing arts. \n\nMinahasa women are not the type to be strongly restrained by custom and resistance to \n\nforeign elements. Even the traditional Minahasa customs are basically not placed at a \n\nsubordinate level. Since the pre-Colonial era, Minahasa women have been in a dominant \n\nposition, and have realized the need for men as part of a unity.", "start_char_idx": 2571, "end_char_idx": 5489, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "77767283-4edf-4071-88b8-8a1493818a38": {"__data__": {"id_": "77767283-4edf-4071-88b8-8a1493818a38", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "54faea3a-1c3f-4933-bcda-6f81f4d8c701", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "1a10f68d78d396e257ada000adb4b6ff01c43b52cb37516be806f0fdd52c96de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cdd29e30-599f-46ec-b9f9-2d64ed656d9b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "55c0dfe9396efbb7df8e9af4cc46f09d754e9bde0f55fb6d3b4c017f24a8eb8f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n24 \n \n\nMotivation of Women in Achieving Echelon Positions  \n\nMotivation is one of the important factors for someone in achieving a position. The \n\nformation of women's motivation to struggle is also assisted by the existence of a struggle \n\narena that supports women to perform and success. The obstacles faced will affect the \n\nlevel of one's motivation to achieve and have a career (Partini, 2013; Alexander Aur, \n\n2005). The motivation of women in facing the struggle to achieve a position plays a role \n\nin helping women to carry out their duties and responsibilities without having to be \n\ninfluenced by external pressures that can become an obstacle in competing in the work \n\nenvironment. \n\nWhen looking at the work tradition of civil servants in North Sulawesi Province, \n\nmen and women do not experience too many obstacles in motivating themselves to carry \n\nout a given job task. This can be attributed to the existence of a mutual aasistance culture, \n\nwhere men and women help each other to complete work. This proves that gender \n\nequality is very much needed in building women's motivation to work productively and \n\nmake a contribution that can support the bureaucracy to be more effective because of the \n\ninvolvement of women in efforts to build government performance in public services. \n\nThe government of North Sulawesi Province has implemented a merit system in \n\naccordance with Law No. 5 of 2014 so that in competence every civil servant has the \n\nopportunity to improve his competence. But under certain conditions there are also female \n\ncivil servants who do not have the desire or motivation to increase their career path, this \n\ncan be influenced by the personality of the woman herself. They will find it difficult to work \n\nif they have to be away from their families if the female civil servant is married. This \n\nsituation also often makes women's performances look less prominent. Another condition \n\nthat causes a decrease in women's motivation in reaching positions is being afraid of the \n\npublic's view that women who work find it difficult to pay attention to their husbands and \n\nchildren. Women's achievement motivation in work is determined by their self-confidence, \n\nknowledge, work environment and supportive family to achieve success. Haryatmoko \n\n2003: 17 said that the realm of struggle cannot be separated from the habitus and strong \n\ncapital possessed by Minahasa women. \n\nCivil servants must have logical ambition and motivation, not slack when faced \n\nwith obstacles and be able to give their husband an understanding of his position. All \n\nfamily planning must involve the husband as the head of the family and the wife when \n\nmaking decisions with the children in mind. Especially those who are married, women are \n\nfaced with a choice of roles starting from taking care of school children, making family \n\nmeals, handling sick children, and so on. For those who are single who are just starting", "start_char_idx": 5502, "end_char_idx": 8719, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cdd29e30-599f-46ec-b9f9-2d64ed656d9b": {"__data__": {"id_": "cdd29e30-599f-46ec-b9f9-2d64ed656d9b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "77767283-4edf-4071-88b8-8a1493818a38", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d2ff7cead1f77cd3cbe74f7985f3edfe00780a41e1107c47657c0da60d44fcf5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f9653a07-f04c-4fdf-aec8-e5cf7a7a0834", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ab19cb03ea9218429f04ddcca592bdd3a9ed5ef8b87b83cdb9303dbdc1260f86", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n25 \n \n\ntheir careers, they can be passionately motivated to reach high positions, but when they \n\nare married and have children their motivation begins to decrease because the focus on \n\nwork has been divided. The motivation of female employees in achieving echelon \n\npositions in the Regional Government Office of North Sulawesi Province, becomes a \n\ndriving force for them in doing their work as a form of self-satisfaction with the results of \n\nthe tasks and work carried out. This satisfaction is related to the basic needs of humans \n\nfor their form, which are physiological needs, to have a sense of security and comfort, to \n\nfeel accepted in the environment or in a group, to have social status, and to increase work \n\ncapacity. \n\n \n\nHuman Capital \n\nHuman resources have an important role in an organization. Human resources \n\nwho have good morals, discipline, loyalty and productivity will assist the implementation \n\nof these government programs. These human resources are required to be responsive to \n\nnew innovations so that they can be productive to have a commitment to self-actualization. \n\nEmployees must be developed as much as possible to be able to carry out their duties \n\nand responsibilities properly in accordance with the development of science and \n\ntechnology. Human resource management for an organization, including in government, \n\nmust be considered, to assist in the process of increasing employee competence \n\n(Sedarmayanti, 2017: 4-5). \n\nCompetencies that must be possessed by civil servants are very supportive in \n\npursuing a career which consists of: first, technical competence, which has knowledge, \n\nskills and attitudes/behaviors that can be observed, measured, developed specifically \n\nrelated to the technical field of office. Second, managerial competence, having \n\nknowledge, skills, and attitudes/behaviors that can be observed, measured, developed to \n\nlead and/or manage organizational units. Third, socio-cultural competence is knowledge, \n\nskills, and attitudes/behaviors that can be observed, measured and developed related to \n\nthe experience of interacting with a pluralistic society in terms of religion, ethnicity and \n\nculture, behavior, national insight, ethics, values, morals, emotions. and principles, which \n\nmust be fulfilled by every position holder to obtain work results in accordance with their \n\nroles, functions and positions (Source, Government Regulation of the Republic of \n\nIndonesia Number 11 of 2017). \n\nAll civil servants who are within the scope of the Regional Government of North \n\nSulawesi Province have the same opportunity to develop themselves within the local \n\ngovernment environment. This opportunity must be utilized as well as possible by all", "start_char_idx": 8724, "end_char_idx": 11720, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f9653a07-f04c-4fdf-aec8-e5cf7a7a0834": {"__data__": {"id_": "f9653a07-f04c-4fdf-aec8-e5cf7a7a0834", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cdd29e30-599f-46ec-b9f9-2d64ed656d9b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "b60c86ac832f42d8b8a4065d8c9e099ca76245f81cda080bbd035129c39b972d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "03e174c9-3f4e-468d-aa92-a0b9ac980770", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "863140d4e0b98e93d0d20d9273a6637375a56910eaae9ad7b09270cf6eff4734", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n26 \n \n\nemployees without exception, because the current government supports the \n\nestablishment of a merit system government. In existing positions, it should be noted that \n\nthe placement of employees needs to pay attention to their qualifications and \n\ncompetencies in order to achieve the desired goals. For this reason, every employee \n\nneeds to improve their quality to meet the requirements in order to achieve the desired \n\nposition. \n\nBureaucratic development currently focuses on the performance that is required for \n\nprofessionals in public services, then leaders are also selected based on the ability of their \n\nachievements. race, religion, gender, marital status, age and disability. Human capital has \n\nan important role in determining employee performance, this is related to the abilities \n\npossessed by each individual starting from his way of thinking, knowledge, skills, \n\nexperience in work, all of which are related to the formation of one's ability to order self-\n\nqualification. \n\n \n\nFamily Support \n\nFemale civil servants desperately need family support, especially from their \n\nhusbands and children. If there is no support from the family, then a career to reach a \n\ngood position may not be achieved. Helping each other, dividing tasks in the household \n\nis a shared responsibility. Then also have to build good communication thus that they can \n\nconcentrate or get calm in doing work in the office. Family support is an important element \n\nin helping someone in dealing with a problem. Female employees who are supported by \n\ntheir families will help build trust and increase motivation. This family support can be given \n\nstarting from the support of parents, in-laws, husbands and children.  \n\nAn interview with an Echelon III civil servant in the field of Women's Empowerment \n\nsaid \u201cInequality will be reduced, so to occupy a position there must be strong \n\nencouragement from the family. Roles and responsibilities in the household are shared \n\ntasks. If people know that cooking, washing, and caring for the household are women in \n\nthe household, why can't it be done by men? Guiding and educating children is the duty \n\nof husband and wife. When I'm at home, my husband can cook, and boys are taught to \n\npractice gender understanding starting at a young age. Everything has to work together.\u201d \n\nIn the above expression it is noted that women must have an open and critical \n\nmind and must be able to work together with their husbands for household work. \n\nCooperation between husband and wife can make homework easier and in raising and \n\neducating children as well. In other words, women also have the right to have space to \n\ndevelop themselves, including in developing a career. And the family does not have to be", "start_char_idx": 11725, "end_char_idx": 14747, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "03e174c9-3f4e-468d-aa92-a0b9ac980770": {"__data__": {"id_": "03e174c9-3f4e-468d-aa92-a0b9ac980770", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f9653a07-f04c-4fdf-aec8-e5cf7a7a0834", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "b5236057636e8ffa23b57fa6aedf4a51b55fb0d2b2c482a7f1fff994d951c5aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f816277d-fed5-4d0f-9a1b-af227e56788b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "775b9a3706335db0e875710beed2195331e0007b13e04e64198fa60210ba3ce7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n27 \n \n\na weakness but must be a positive strength for women to progress and develop. \n\nAnother study conducted at the Lamandau District Government showed that \n\nwomen have the same opportunities to occupy structural positions as men. Normatively, \n\nif there is a vacant position, all employees are intervened in accordance with the existing \n\nassessment requirements. But in reality, inequality occurs because there are \n\nrequirements that have not been met. One of the inhibiting factors for women is from the \n\nfamily, because women have the nature and obligation to reproduce which is often \n\nprotested by children if they are too busy working outside the home. And there are \n\nhusbands who have the characteristics of not giving their wife permission to pursue a \n\ncareer outside the home for household reasons or other reasons. (Ummah, et al. 2014). \n\nThe cultural and social system that is formed in the family also forms a pattern of \n\npower, where the husband is considered the ruler because he is the breadwinner and also \n\nthe head of the household. This condition of power in the family dominates women, \n\nbecause men place women as second-class humans in the family. The patriarchal culture \n\nthat is formed in the family does not stop there, it becomes a culture also in society and \n\nthe state, the problems experienced by women are considered to have been completed \n\nbecause of the representation of their husbands or men. (Bakti Foundation, 2020:3-4). \n\nThe cultural system that is formed in the family is not only influenced by social life, \n\nbut the level of education obtained from an educational environment can also influence \n\nthe pattern of thinking in family life. The learning process currently taking place in \n\neducational institutions at school and outside of school is still not gender-oriented, if there \n\nis discriminatory behavior in the learning process it will last a long time because it has \n\nbeen built which assumes that women are inferior to men. The low level of education of \n\nwomen in the family causes women to often experience domestic violence. \n\n \n\nCulture in The Community \n\nhe community environment of North Sulawesi is of course not only influenced by \n\none culture, but Minahasa culture is the most dominant culture that can be known, \n\nbecause the majority of people in North Sulawesi are from Minahasa land and the majority \n\nare Christians. Therefore, the teachings that exist in Minahasa culture and Christianity are \n\noften found in the community. It has been known previously that Minahasa culture shows \n\nan egalitarian culture, namely in that culture all are in the same position, including between \n\nmen and women. Thus the positive impact of the influence of Minahasa culture helps \n\nwomen to be able to escape from thoughts that feel they are hegemonized by existing \n\nparties, or can even help women escape the patriarchal culture that forces women to only", "start_char_idx": 14752, "end_char_idx": 17938, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f816277d-fed5-4d0f-9a1b-af227e56788b": {"__data__": {"id_": "f816277d-fed5-4d0f-9a1b-af227e56788b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "03e174c9-3f4e-468d-aa92-a0b9ac980770", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "bda21bb07bd7fd761d348bbbfa7a63af2509b6224be1dd43a584284d78d4a6cd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1e8d182d-0d3e-484b-a9f1-7fbdd141c3ee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "28a9d3ea52689d4c2405ee17f0223cba9dcb75d93ef04cf9d80dc9595c5a0a7e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n28 \n \n\ndo domestic work. The culture created in the community can also affect a person's \n\nbehavior. Research conducted by Palar (2015) that the community environment can affect \n\na person's attitude as in a positive attitude will form fresh thoughts, like to help, and also \n\nhelp each other. But the environment can also influence and shape a person's negative \n\nattitudes, such as only talking a lot and lacking in action, having a negative view of the \n\nenvironment, and not forming new competencies. \n\nThe influence of religion and culture in the Minahasa community is quite strong, \n\ntherefore it will dilute the patriarchal culture. Strong self-confidence from women is needed \n\nin their abilities because they are given equal opportunities for women and men. \n\nEverything is regulated in laws that support the life of the state and society. Traditions that \n\ninfluence a person's habit of thinking that labeling women can only work in the domestic \n\nsector, must be changed by positioning women and men on the same rights thus they \n\nhave equality as human beings. The existence of the influence of Minahasa culture and \n\nhistory from the involvement of women in collaborating with men from the past in doing \n\ndomestic work, as well as in working to improve the family economy, which makes women \n\nwho work in the North Sulawesi Regional Government office have a work ethic to struggle \n\nin carrying out their duties and responsibilities. \n\nThe involvement of women in working who not only do household chores, but also \n\nin working to produce well -being for themselves in improving their self -economy can also \n\nhelp them avoid violence and can also make them empowered. Although in the work \n\nenvironment can also be found the influence of patriarchal culture where the culture \n\nprioritizes the existence of men more than women, so that in some cases in the work \n\nenvironment makes women hegemonic by men.  \n\nHowever, not all women in the work environment of the Regional Government of \n\nNorth Sulawesi Province are affected by patriarchal culture, this can be seen from the \n\nexistence of women who still have a fighting spirit in contesting for positions even though \n\nthey compete with men, because they know that both historically , culture, and the \n\nconstitution give them the opportunity to have the same position as men, namely the \n\nexistence of gender equality in all spheres that exist both in the social environment and in \n\nthe work environment. \n\nGender equality in Minahasa has existed for a long time, which can be seen with \n\nthe establishment of the Association of Mothers to Hereditary Children (PIKAT) by Maria \n\nWalanda Maramis. Women are seen from the perspective of Minahasa culture and \n\nChristianity are in a high position, have influence and respect, women in the family also \n\ntake part in deciding something that is negotiated together. The province of North", "start_char_idx": 17943, "end_char_idx": 21111, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1e8d182d-0d3e-484b-a9f1-7fbdd141c3ee": {"__data__": {"id_": "1e8d182d-0d3e-484b-a9f1-7fbdd141c3ee", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f816277d-fed5-4d0f-9a1b-af227e56788b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "41176107916ed59e5d7cb9a542beb0f02192eba96e90f56237d94a77e563d1a0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9c088c92-bed8-4243-b8fb-5aca0e8cdc2f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4827b9de8bd76b163712356e386433bdb32ff1b9567bce9636f5c365e2683f16", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n29 \n \n\nSulawesi is famous for various slogans such as, \"Torang Samua Basudara\" which means \n\nwe are all brothers/sisters. There is also \"Torang Samua Ciptaan Tuhan\" which means \n\nthat we are all God's creation.  \n\nThe last slogan that has been passed down from generation to generation comes \n\nfrom Mr. Sam Ratulangi with the Minahasa regional language \"Si Tou Timou Tumou Tou\" \n\nwhich means humans live to humanize other humans. The slogan is a reflection of the \n\nattitude of the people of North Sulawesi who live side by side with a sense of love for each \n\nother regardless of differences in religion, race, and so on. \n\n \n\nWork Environment \n\nTo achieve echelon positions related to bureaucratic life, women need to show \n\ntheir existence in accordance with the description above. Relation theory states that \n\nknowledge of power has a reciprocal relationship. The administration of continuous power \n\nwill create knowledge entities, and vice versa, the administration of knowledge will cause \n\nthe effect of power (Eriyanto, 2003: 65). Seeing the efforts made by the central \n\ngovernment which seeks to establish a conducive work environment and uphold equality, \n\nthe Bureaucratic order in the North Sulawesi Provincial government office is made \n\neffectively and efficiently and has good governance quality as a prerequisite for achieving \n\nregional development targets in the long term. In the Mid-Term Development Plan of North \n\nSulawesi Province Page 65, Chapter 4 describes that the implementation of good \n\ngovernance is consistently marked by the development of aspects of openness, \n\naccountability, effectiveness, efficiency, rule of law, justice, and community participation.  \n\nIn terms of strengthening government capacity (bureaucracy), the local \n\ngovernment of North Sulawesi continues to strive to strengthen the quality of the \n\nimplementation of national bureaucratic reform (RBN) in all areas of targeted change, be \n\nit policies, institutions, human resources of the apparatus, as well as changes to the \n\nmindset and culture set. Bureaucratic reform is expected to create a bureaucracy with a \n\nhigh-performing service mentality so that the quality of public services will increase so as \n\nto contribute to increasing competitiveness and successful development in various fields. \n\nAn effective and efficient bureaucracy must have good governance quality as a \n\nprerequisite for achieving long-term regional development targets. \n\nIn terms of strengthening government capacity (bureaucracy), the local \n\ngovernment of North Sulawesi continues to strive to strengthen the quality of the \n\nimplementation of national bureaucratic reform (RBN) in all areas of targeted change, be \n\nit policies, institutions, human resources of the apparatus, as well as changes to the", "start_char_idx": 21116, "end_char_idx": 24176, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9c088c92-bed8-4243-b8fb-5aca0e8cdc2f": {"__data__": {"id_": "9c088c92-bed8-4243-b8fb-5aca0e8cdc2f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1e8d182d-0d3e-484b-a9f1-7fbdd141c3ee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "616982c2ca3e4fae4ac9d7636cbf9d6494129886ac0883975d25a05230b29d06", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c97b7e30-bf01-494c-b4ba-6c6247486dab", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3b813a2b37dcb65705950374064667d1093b01de9d330e35eac5058254b55ded", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n30 \n \n\nmindset and culture set. Bureaucratic reform is expected to create a bureaucracy with a \n\nhigh-performing service mentality so that the quality of public services will increase so as \n\nto contribute to increasing competitiveness and successful development in various fields.  \n\nTo achieve echelon positions related to bureaucratic life, women need to show \n\ntheir existence in accordance with the description above. Relation theory states that \n\nknowledge of power has a reciprocal relationship. The administration of continuous power \n\nwill create knowledge entities, and vice versa, the administration of knowledge will cause \n\nthe effect of power (Eriyanto, 2003: 65). Currently, the government wants to form a clean \n\nand authoritative government with bureaucratic reform as an effort to fundamentally \n\nreform the system. Especially regarding the institutional aspects, management and \n\npersonnel resources, with a focus on efforts to improve the performance of the \n\nbureaucracy to meet the needs of the community, improve the quality of service roles, \n\nreduce the level of abuse of authority within the government, internal and external \n\nsupervision and community supervision, and accelerated follow-up. from the results of \n\nsupervision and inspection the quality is improved. In the current era of bureaucratic \n\nreform, implementation is carried out using a meritocratic system, namely leaders are \n\nselected based on the abilities and achievements of each individual, which is closely \n\nrelated to professionalism.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nAll civil servants have the same opportunity to improve their respective positions, \n\nincluding the desire to achieve echelon positions in local government, this is also in \n\naccordance with the mandate in Law number 5 of 2014. This situation forms a sphere for \n\nall employees, including female employees, therefore that all vying to compete in reaching \n\na position in the government. Looking at the customs, traditions, and lifestyle of the people \n\nin North Sulawesi, it can be found that both men and women have the same position in \n\nsociety because they are supported by an egalitarian culture. North Sulawesi, which is \n\ndominated by Minahasa culture which adheres to an egalitarian culture, causes a great \n\ninfluence in social life in North Sulawesi Province. \n\nHowever, the existence of an egalitarian culture that is formed does not rule out \n\nthe possibility of a struggle for women who work in the realm of the North Sulawesi \n\nProvincial Government. From this study, it can be seen that the factors that influence the \n\noccurrence of women's struggles in reaching echelon positions are internal factors, that \n\nare women's motivation and well managed of human capital, then external factors that are \n\nfamily support, culture in the community, and culture in the work environment.", "start_char_idx": 24181, "end_char_idx": 27297, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c97b7e30-bf01-494c-b4ba-6c6247486dab": {"__data__": {"id_": "c97b7e30-bf01-494c-b4ba-6c6247486dab", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101963", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "d0377c39876a9fb3fd7ca637e16785e74247c5773314951407e65e1c12828fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9c088c92-bed8-4243-b8fb-5aca0e8cdc2f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "eac34361a1473f7fca49dfdce6acf470abb01af632acbd8a10a0e2683765d544", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0b524078-fd79-4eba-8449-c02f88993069", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e9d51832d85a936bfadc8424c826abbdb68a783f3b6aaaa45b2ca782def00965", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 22-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n31 \n \n\n \nREFERENCES \n\nWenas, J. 2007. Sejarah dan kebudayaan Minahasa. Institut Seni Budaya Sulawesi \nUtara. Manado. \n\nPartini. 2013. Bias Gender dalam Birokrasi. Yogyakarta : Tiara Wacana. \n\nAur, Alexander. 2005. \u201cPascastrukturalisme Michael Foucault dan Gerbang Menuju \nDialog Antarperadaban,\u201d dalam Mudji Sutrisno dan Hendar Putranto, ed. Teori-\nTeori Kebiudayaan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.   \n\nHaryatmoko. 2003. Etika Politik dan Kekuasaan Edisi 1. Jakarta . Buk Kompas \n\nSedarmayanti. 2017. Perencanaan dan Pengembangan SDM Untuk Meningkatkan \nKompetensi, Kinerja, Dan Produktivitas Kerja. PT Refika Aditama. Bandung. \n\nUmmah, B., AStuti, P., Astrika, L. 2014. Jurnal Of Politic and Government Studies. Volume \n3 Nomor 4 tahun 2014 \n\nPalar, D C. 2015. Makna Budaya Dalam Ungkapan Melayu Manado Pada Transaksi Jual \nBeli Di Pasar Tradisional Karombasan Manado. Tesisi, Manado Universitas Sam \nRatulangi  \n\nEriyanto. 2003. Analisis Wacana : Pengantar Analisis Teks Media. Yogyakarta: LkiS \nPrinting Cemerlang. \n\nRencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. \n\nPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 tahun 2017 Tentang Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil", "start_char_idx": 27302, "end_char_idx": 28729, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0b524078-fd79-4eba-8449-c02f88993069": {"__data__": {"id_": "0b524078-fd79-4eba-8449-c02f88993069", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c97b7e30-bf01-494c-b4ba-6c6247486dab", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101963", "author": "Conny Palar, Dwianita; Ardhana, I Ketut; Wiasti, Ni Made; sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " FACTORS THAT AFFECTING WOMEN'S STRUGGLE IN ACHING ECHELON POSITIONS IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101963.pdf"}, "hash": "8422b595105141f671e36aa591108d3efbe0b51e37518cfab1fdc7a490fc5d16", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "506e5220-aecb-4d9b-8c22-4483423a2351", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1df3490bbe8a8642d3ba394aad716c807a7e34830ad90dabefd04c7cefeafb13", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel a.n. Nerawati4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n32 \n \n\n \nCAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION \n\n IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX \n  \n\n Ni Gusti Agung Ayu Nerawati \n \n\nI Gusti Bagus Sugriwa State Hindu University Denpasar \n \n\nE-mail: nerawati@gmail.com   \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 26-12-2022 \nAccepted Date : 26-04-2023 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2023 \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\nThe strengthening of diversity contestation in Bumi Dalung Permai Housing is caused by \nseveral factors, namely, first, the factor of regional origins and the original cultural \ntransition of the inhabitants, in this case that the origins to the area brought by the Bumi \nDalung Permai Housing community are still firmly attached as an identity. The identity, \nboth in terms of the language and culture of the community. In addition, there is a cultural \nshift that was originally intact to be adapted to the surrounding conditions due to the \ninfluence of resources. Second, the ideological and political factors adopted. In this factor \nevery community has a different ideology even though it comes from the same area. \nLikewise with the politics adopted, every society has different political choices according \nto the ideology they believe in and a feeling of panic towards one political party or vice \nversa. Third, Socio-Economic Factors, explaining how these factors greatly affect the \nBumi Dalung Permai Residential community. As it is known that money and social status \ncontrol the social life of all groups. Fourth, the Globalization Factor that affects various \nfields in which its positive and negative sides cannot be denied. Globalization is \ncharacterized by ethnoscape, mediascape, technoskip, financescape and every element \nof globalization affects the Bumi Dalung Permai Housing environment from various sides.  \n \nKeywords: globalization, religious contest, housing \n  \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nBadung Regency is one of the leading tourist destinations in the Province of Bali. \n\nVarious facilities were built and developed to support tourism activities. The large number \n\nof entertainment centers, hotels, restaurants, shopping centers, and those engaged in \n\nservices have an impact on economic development. These facilities require a lot of \n\nmanpower so that it attracts various groups of people to come to this area. Migrants and \n\njob seekers come from various regions in Indonesia and Bali and then settle in Badung \n\nRegency to be a factor causing very rapid population growth. \n\nThis condition caused in the 1990s the Badung regency government to build a \n\nnew residential complex in the North Kuta sub-district area with the name Bumi Dalung", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2960, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "506e5220-aecb-4d9b-8c22-4483423a2351": {"__data__": {"id_": "506e5220-aecb-4d9b-8c22-4483423a2351", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0b524078-fd79-4eba-8449-c02f88993069", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "5292155d361e56ca6bf8c7c26df8e8b654cd0846ee387ce436461969c04c1473", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4435a8a9-d9c9-4449-8aa6-70be04941331", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "27f8196539768f1b080d5ba6e3fc1102ccde6e8e298f95ce1a3308983c923969", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n33 \n \n\nPermai Housing. The development uses a fairly large area of paddy fields, namely the \n\nSubak Tegal Pesedahaan Yeh Bolo rice fields. This residential complex is the first largest \n\nand widest residential complex in the Badung area. The choice of location for the \n\nconstruction of the Bumi Dalung Permai Housing Complex cannot be separated from the \n\nBadung district government's plan to build a government center near the area. \n\nInitially, the construction of this housing complex was specifically intended for \n\nemployees of the Badung district government who did not have a home or who worked \n\nfor the Badung government from other districts that were quite far away. However, in \n\nsubsequent developments it was also opened to the general public. The opening of \n\nsettlements for the general public caused the development of the construction of houses \n\naround it to expand so quickly and rapidly, that this area became a new city on the \n\noutskirts of Denpasar and close to the center of the Badung Regency government. \n\nAdministratively, the Bumi Dalung Permai Housing Complex is part of the Dalung \n\nVillage area which consists of seven service banjars and part of the Kerobokan Kaja \n\nVillage area which consists of nine neighborhoods. The total population in 2016 was \n\n10,513 people. The residents come from various races, ethnicities, and religions with \n\ndiverse traditions and cultural backgrounds. It is recorded that the population adheres to \n\nthe following religions: Hindus (6635 people), Muslims (2997 people), Christians (483 \n\npeople), Catholics (332 people) and Buddhists (66 people). Based on this data, Hindus \n\nare the majority residents. or those with Balinese ethnicity, while other religions, such as \n\nIslam, Catholicism, Christianity and Buddhism are adhered to by immigrants or those \n\nwith non-Balinese ethnicity and are minority citizens. \n\nBumi Dalung Permai Housing Complex is a residential complex with a \n\nheterogeneous and multicultural population. The residents of Bumi Dalung Permai \n\nHousing come from various regions in Indonesia, including other areas in Bali. These \n\nvarious areas of origin make the residents of Bumi Dalung Permai Housing have various \n\nracial, ethnic, religious and cultural backgrounds. Every person and family brings \n\ncustoms, beliefs, traditions and culture from their respective regions. All of them then \n\nmeet and interact in one residential area so as to form a community group full of diversity \n\nand is called a multicultural society. \n\nSpeaking of multiculture, of course there are differences in both beliefs and \n\nculture, giving birth to religious dynamics that are not easy to manage and sometimes \n\nlead to conflict. Adaptation between one culture and another takes time and in the \n\nprocess it is not uncommon for frictions to occur which lead to conflict. These conflicts \n\nexist in the latent realm as well as in the manifest realm. Conflict is sometimes used as", "start_char_idx": 2965, "end_char_idx": 6184, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4435a8a9-d9c9-4449-8aa6-70be04941331": {"__data__": {"id_": "4435a8a9-d9c9-4449-8aa6-70be04941331", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "506e5220-aecb-4d9b-8c22-4483423a2351", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "0a2dcb698ed0ad0b323692b01bee8af319e89ce8951f535bab7ec16c7973a206", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0105b3e4-50b5-455a-aed4-e1e212358fae", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a72ba8826c52cac6fefd54cd2c13435da1f1b549868e6d849254c4a16a427ad7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n34 \n \n\na tool to strengthen interests. Everyone who comes and settles in an area certainly brings \n\ntheir own mission. Efforts to achieve this mission sometimes overlap with the missions \n\nof other residents and this friction or conflict occurs. \n\nThe process of obtaining equality is carried out by contesting religious life in the \n\nlife of the Dalung Permai community which is increasingly being felt. Not only in the latent \n\nrealm, but it has been clearly illustrated in the manifest realm even though on a small \n\nscale. In Dalung Permai Housing Complex, with a pluralistic society background, in \n\ngeneral, a harmonious and peaceful religious life is depicted. However, if we look more \n\nspecifically, there have been various frictions. Religious contestation emerged as a \n\nresponse from the religious fanaticism of each community. Small conflicts between two \n\npeople or groups of different religions with a background of problems that are not related \n\nto religion will lead to negative sentiment towards the religion they adhere to. Social \n\njealousy in worship activities appears like ripples in people's lives. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nBali as a tourist destination shows the ethnic diversity that inhabits the island of \n\nBali, people not only from ethnic backgrounds, but also languages, and cultural \n\nattractions. According to Suparlan (2005: 196) Indonesia is a pluralistic society or \n\nmulticultural society that has differences in ethnicity, religion and race as well as diversity \n\nof customs and culture which is referred to as a state society consisting of ethnic \n\ncommunities that are united and governed by the national system of indigenous peoples. \n\nthe country. The diversity of Indonesian culture each has its own cultural style that is \n\ndifferent from one another. The plurality of people living in Bali in daily life is inseparable \n\nfrom the strengthening of the contestation of diversity in Bali, especially the Bumi Dalung \n\nPermai Housing Complex in the Badung district. This contestation of reinforcement \n\nparticularly concerns religious communities (Hinduism, Islam, Catholicism, and \n\nChristianity). Strengthening identity seen from social identity theory concerns the \n\nexistence of individuals and groups who feel isolated. \n\n \n\nFactors of Regional Origins and Indigenous Cultural Traditions of the Residents \n\nBumi Dalung Permai Housing Complex is the largest and first housing complex, in \n\nthe early 1990s. The purpose of the initial construction of the Bumi Dalung Permai housing \n\nwas built to meet the housing needs of the employees of the Badung Regency Regional \n\nGovernment, but in its development it is gradually being opened to the public. The Bumi \n\nDalung Permai Housing Complex in Dalung Village quickly developed and became a new", "start_char_idx": 6189, "end_char_idx": 9236, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0105b3e4-50b5-455a-aed4-e1e212358fae": {"__data__": {"id_": "0105b3e4-50b5-455a-aed4-e1e212358fae", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4435a8a9-d9c9-4449-8aa6-70be04941331", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "94911035878c912eaef3e6bd27db7acd7f9c4edb4d4b5dc92d7ca1397a280ed7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2dfa586e-901f-433a-8f1e-2a2baeddd3ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7a8d5beef5f676a4ed957a85d0ca7e1569b8d843eaaa80c76ff4df1f55b6c0b4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n35 \n \n\ntown on the outskirts of Denpasar City and Badung Regency because of its relatively \n\nstrategic location. \n\nResidents of Bumi Dalung Permai Housing adhere to several belief systems or \n\nreligions, such as Hinduism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity. In the Bumi Dalung \n\nPermai Housing area, Hinduism is the religion of the majority of residents or ethnic \n\nBalinese, this is fairly natural because Hinduism is the religion that is followed by the \n\nmajority of the Balinese population. Whereas for minorities or for immigrants who are non-\n\nBalinese ethnically embraced by Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity. Balinese or ethnic \n\nBalinese, namely the original residents of Kerobokan and Dalung Village, as well as \n\nimmigrant Balinese from areas such as Tabanan, Karangasem, Buleleng, Bangli and \n\nJembrana. Migrants from outside Bali include Sumatra, Java, Lombok, Kupang and \n\nforeign nationals. As for ethnic diversity, it can be seen from the blending of Balinese, \n\nSumatran, and Javanese, Sundanese, and Arab descent, Chinese and American descent. \n\nThe livelihood sector for Bumi Dalung Permai housing also varies, such as in the \n\nagricultural sector, civil servants, private employees, and others. So the Bumi Dalung \n\nPermai Housing Complex can be said to be a plural environment with a plural society. \n\nThis was confirmed by the results of an interview with the village head or village official \n\nnamed I Gusti Ngurah Sudiastawan, the Village Secretary of Dalung Village on January \n\n15, 2021, stating that: \n\nResidents or people who live in Bumi Dalung Permai Housing do not only come from \nBali, but also come from outside Bali. For the Bali region, it includes almost all urban \ndistricts in Bali, such as Tabanan, Jembrana, Buleleng, Karangasem, Bangli, \nGianyar, Klungkung, and especially the people of Badung themselves. While those \nfrom outside Bali include the regions of Java, NTB, NTT, Sulawesi, and even from \nabroad, there are some residents who come from abroad such as Arabs, Chinese \nand Americans although some of them settle down and stay only a matter of months. \n \n\nThe plurality of the residents of Bumi Dalung Permai Housing is inseparable from \n\ntheir area of origin. As it is understood that a pluralistic society is a society consisting of \n\ngroups that live together in an area, but are separated according to their respective cultural \n\nlines. The plurality of society can be seen from two sides, namely cultural pluralism and \n\nsocial pluralism. Cultural pluralism is determined by genetic-social indicators, (race, \n\nethnicity, ethnicity) culture (culture, appropriate or inappropriate values, habits), language, \n\nreligion, caste or region. Meanwhile, social pluralism is determined based on factors such \n\nas class, status, institution or power. Even though it's like that, the Bumi Dalung Permai \n\nResidential community always upholds the value of pluralism which encourages diversity \n\nin terms of politics, socio-economics, culture or tradition.", "start_char_idx": 9241, "end_char_idx": 12511, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2dfa586e-901f-433a-8f1e-2a2baeddd3ad": {"__data__": {"id_": "2dfa586e-901f-433a-8f1e-2a2baeddd3ad", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0105b3e4-50b5-455a-aed4-e1e212358fae", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "57e5e65838e6708909e77cc8f3d2b3cbbd5191a73c3b4ee2bf14be57045a757e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4a555aec-6c69-48d7-9ee2-eed5bfacf037", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8b15dfcbf86532ed3ff3bf0e81947a6e9a565a14fef17fa90387db219efd53eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n36 \n \n\nAccording to Badudu and Sutan, Muhamad Zein (2001: 484) diverse or compound \n\nmeans conditions or circumstances related to obligations related to the beliefs and religion \n\nthey embrace. Meanwhile, in the opinion of Raharjo and Swandi (2003) (in Buditha. S, \n\n2016) defines \"religiousness\" is the condition or nature of religious people. A plural society \n\nor plural society can be understood as a society consisting of various social, economic, \n\nethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious groups and strata. The results of an interview with \n\na resident named I Gede Musti on December 1 2020 at Bumi Dalung Permai Housing \n\nrelated to the implementation of traditions such as in the region of origin on certain days \n\nthat: \n\nI still carry out the traditions of the region of origin, because the traditions of origin \ncannot be easily erased as the identity of the region of origin. For now in accordance \nwith the capabilities and resources found. If you return to your hometown, you will \nreturn to carrying out your original traditions completely because your resources and \nneeds can be easily met. \n\n \n\nRegional culture is part of the values of local wisdom that shows the identity of a \n\nregion. On the one hand, regional cultural diversity is a source of national cultural wealth. \n\nMaintaining the original tradition as practiced by the region of origin is indeed very difficult, \n\nmany residents carry out the original tradition but there is already influence from tradition \n\nin the environment, which means there is a renewal of traditional elements in a new place. \n\nSocial identity is defined as an individual's knowledge that he or she belongs to a particular \n\nsocial group together with some of the emotional meanings and values of group \n\nmembership. \n\nOne resident from the island of Java continues to carry out several traditions such \n\nas circumcision, but the implementation is not carried out as lively as it is carried out in \n\nhis hometown. Some details of the procession are adjusted to the place and the times. \n\nLike having a circumcision at a doctor's office and then having a small celebration at home \n\nwith relatives and inviting some neighbors. When compared to where it originates, \n\nactivities like this can be carried out on a large scale. As for the indigenous people \n\nthemselves or Balinese people, such as the implementation of the ngejot tradition, it has \n\nexperienced a slight change, given that jotan is not only Hindus who are allowed to eat \n\npork, sometimes food and drink are prepared specifically for jogging. \n\nIn a plural society, traditions of origin become capital in building social identity in the \nenvironment, but these traditions will gradually fade to adapt to new habits that \ndevelop, related to the resources needed. Some old traditions may be maintained \nbut most of them have changed towards modern society.", "start_char_idx": 12516, "end_char_idx": 15662, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4a555aec-6c69-48d7-9ee2-eed5bfacf037": {"__data__": {"id_": "4a555aec-6c69-48d7-9ee2-eed5bfacf037", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2dfa586e-901f-433a-8f1e-2a2baeddd3ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "0dd65c272d5b7c2c5cc658e32fbb24ab23bdf28c2895faef7ab481abbc2d6945", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "14cb20f0-5611-4d93-8498-211ad5775fc9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "486e18a63bc388ee4a23769e52eb8a10da04d5701a506f33945800894ac675bd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n37 \n \n\nAccording to Fredrik Barth (1969: 9-38), ethnicity as a social group is characterized \n\nby its characteristics, namely: it is acquired ascriptively or simply obtained along with its \n\nbirth or origin, and which appears in interactions based on recognition by members of the \n\nethnic group concerned and by other ethnic groups. The characteristics of ethnicity are \n\ngeneral and fundamental characteristics with regard to human origins, which are used as \n\npersonal and group identity or identity, which cannot be discarded or abolished at will. It \n\ncan only be stored or not used as a reference for identity in the prevailing interactions, \n\nbecause these characteristics are attached for life together with their existence since their \n\nbirth. \n\nThe Bumi Dalung Permai housing complex has almost no significant clashes, \n\nalthough there are still many residents who maintain the traditions of origin as their \n\nidentity, the problem of incompatibility in a pluralistic society is something that can be \n\ndone, such as every traditional activity carried out by one of the immigrant residents has \n\nnot been questioned or protested by natives or other immigrants as long as these activities \n\ndo not disturb other traditions and undermine pluralistic shared relationships. This is \n\nbecause each individual occupies an identity as an active party in implementing his \n\nbehavior and building social expectations in the environment. A pluralistic social \n\nenvironment does not deny the influence of social structure, but social structure cannot \n\nexplain social behavior in society. \n\nSomething interesting is the actions of indigenous people or immigrants when \n\nlooking at the traditions of other immigrants' areas of origin. The implementation of a \n\nunique and large origin tradition can trigger the interest of other residents. Moreover, the \n\ntradition is carried out in a festive manner and can bring many residents to see and gather \n\ntogether. This condition has given rise to the interest of some opnums or residents, both \n\nnative and other immigrants, to do the same thing through the traditional activities of their \n\narea of origin. The same activity is done to attract the same attention. Cultural and \n\nreligious preservation activities are prone to being attached to prestige which leads to \n\nidentity competition. This is inseparable from the social and economic status of the \n\ncommunity itself. \n\nThis is in line with Sherman's opinion (1993: 32) that identity is a self-definition to \n\nguide how a person conceptualizes and evaluates himself. So social identity includes \n\nmany unique characteristics such as one's name and self-concept, in addition to many \n\ncharacteristics that are similar to other people. Identity is not only influenced by genetic \n\nfactors but also influenced by environmental factors, which can highlight self-identity or", "start_char_idx": 15669, "end_char_idx": 18807, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "14cb20f0-5611-4d93-8498-211ad5775fc9": {"__data__": {"id_": "14cb20f0-5611-4d93-8498-211ad5775fc9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4a555aec-6c69-48d7-9ee2-eed5bfacf037", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "ab0cd912ca5ad2bf584d20045874ffcbf948eab842e43eeaab297d220540a679", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1d019df8-e8e5-40f4-9761-b454f5af669a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f4b5438639cfdc9e978c9b5f260e7f514cb919fe21d3ca3f4521523cdb1b46e4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n38 \n \n\nself which is mostly based on interactions with other people that are learned and start from \n\nthe closest family members, then extend to interactions outside the family. \n\nUntil now, native peoples look at immigrants when carrying out traditions as long as \n\nthey do not interfere with the original traditions of the population, so the immigrants' \n\ntraditions are not an issue. But on the other hand, the implementation of traditions is \n\ndifferent and it is considered that the increasing intensity of the implementation of \n\nimmigrant traditions will obscure the original traditions. The dominance of the original \n\ntradition as a community identity in general can be rivaled by immigrant traditions. To \n\nanticipate this, the original tradition must also be increased in intensity. This condition will \n\nend in contestation between housing residents in terms of the traditions of the population's \n\norigins. If native people can accept newcomers' traditions, and so can immigrants adapt \n\nto native traditions, new traditions that are moderate for all walks of life and religions will \n\nbe born. \n\nContestation in a plural society is something that is commonly found in the \n\nsurrounding environment, especially in the Bumi Dalung Permai Housing area, \n\ncontestation in showing culture at certain events is a natural thing because everyone still \n\nmaintains their identity in their environment. Certain groups with their identities at one time \n\nwill carry out group activities of traditions or habits such as the area of origin without \n\ninvolving other groups or people. Group activities in carrying out the size of the event are \n\nrelated to the scope of the area they use (only one neighbor of origin or next door neighbor \n\nis known, or the entire neighborhood area, the number of group members involved, the \n\nfestivities and the amount of material used. Sometimes group activities using a sound \n\nsystem are considered excessive. \n\nLooking at the regional origins and original cultural traditions of the residents of Bumi \n\nDalung Permai Housing as a whole cannot be lost, because it is an identity for the \n\nresidents of Bumi Dalung Permai Housing, from the actions taken it will reflect one's \n\npersonal identity or identity. For every action or role performed by someone who is shown \n\nin interacting with people is a reflection of identity. In life in the environment, the more \n\nroles a person has, the more his identity is known, both good and bad, as well as those \n\nwho interact, as personal identity is a concept developed by a person about himself that \n\ndevelops during life. \n\n \n\nIdeological and Political Factors \n\nMultiethnic societies or multicultural societies such as those in Bumi Dalung Permai \n\nHousing are the most complex and comprehensive societies because they consist of", "start_char_idx": 18812, "end_char_idx": 21893, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1d019df8-e8e5-40f4-9761-b454f5af669a": {"__data__": {"id_": "1d019df8-e8e5-40f4-9761-b454f5af669a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "14cb20f0-5611-4d93-8498-211ad5775fc9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "f51a1042a47b8d1af4d1d9904844552e2c522cecb9a91eb423d4fd910ffcd1f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b8dc408c-f4ab-47b7-b111-c273b26a85fc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f56fff182189eba5f045504a3f64a5baad6231b4ab02743ee751a04163e844e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n39 \n \n\ndifferent castes, ethnicities, communities, religions, languages, races, customs and \n\ndifferent lifestyles. Although there are differences in the housing community using \n\nIndonesian, Balinese and Javanese. Indonesian is used because it is the national \n\nlanguage, because there are some residential communities who cannot speak Balinese, \n\nwhile those who can speak Balinese and Javanese use these languages in daily \n\nconversations, both immigrants and natives also learn languages from each other without \n\nlosing their identity of origin. . Especially when there will be general elections. Candidates \n\nwho come to housing on average can use various languages to connect with other people \n\nemotionally even though they only understand a little of the language and with the identity \n\nthey have. This closeness is psychological, not just knowledge of group attributes. \n\nIdentification with a social group is a psychological state that is very different from \n\nbelonging to one social category or another. It is a real phenomenon and has important \n\nevaluative consequences. According to M. Hogg (1998: 16) the social identity approach \n\nrests on certain assumptions about the nature of humans and society, and their \n\ninterrelationships, not only knowledge of group attributes. Identification with a social group \n\nis a psychological state that is very different from belonging to one social category or \n\nanother. It is a real phenomenon and has important evaluative consequences.  \n\nA \"political society\" in which there is no clear demarcation between religion and the \n\nstate (as happened in several Islamic regimes), public discourse does not demand political \n\ndomination of religion or vice versa, but emphasizes the role of government to create \n\nrelationships and responsibilities that follow demands\u2019 values based on spiritual life. In \n\nsocial life, an ideology needs to contain three important dimensions, namely reality, \n\nidealism, and flexibility. \n\nIn a pluralistic environment, especially in Bumi Dalung Permai housing, identity \n\npolitics, which is also known as identity-based politics, is an act that is widely used by \n\npolitical actors with various ideologies. Political actors influence prospective voters with \n\ntheir political ideology. Ideology is the basis for political work, requiring parties to be \n\naccommodative to multiple realities, based on values in society that are not necessarily \n\nfully acceptable to the public. In such conditions, it becomes important to examine how \n\npolitical parties position themselves in the midst of a pluralistic public reality. \n\nThe emergence of identity politics is caused by there are many factors, such as \n\nstructural aspects in the form of past economic disparities that are still continuing \n\neconomic difficulties, thus providing reasons for justifying efforts to separate primordial \n\ngroups linked to aspects of political and institutional representation.", "start_char_idx": 21898, "end_char_idx": 25109, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b8dc408c-f4ab-47b7-b111-c273b26a85fc": {"__data__": {"id_": "b8dc408c-f4ab-47b7-b111-c273b26a85fc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1d019df8-e8e5-40f4-9761-b454f5af669a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "17fc896678c3f9ff3047d99cb81f2c17e76c63c69bcac015e14aedabc40329e9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "56b28e7d-6b1f-4325-825e-2bcd76f358f4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fd5cdc39bdb1d7ba792749fad87ff17d371fa07004b0c2acc97a5b59bb70df06", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n40 \n \n\nIdeology is still a political tool and goal that is built systemically, planned and \n\nconsistently across all structural and functional elements of political parties. The reality is \n\nthat it is difficult to dismantle openly so that people are able to identify it for real. Ideological \n\nand political conflicts between political parties are matters related to the differences \n\ncontained in our society which really worry the people. There are ideological forces within \n\nthese political parties that base their thoughts and views from a religious angle and some \n\nare based on Pancasila. This turmoil in political power and ideological conflict can \n\nendanger political life in Indonesia. \n\nMiriam Budiardjo (2008: 120) political ideology is a set of values, ideas or norms, \n\nbeliefs or beliefs possessed by a person or group of people on the basis of which he \n\ndetermines his attitude towards the events and political problems he faces and which \n\ndetermines his political behavior. Political ideology which contains values and ideas \n\nframes a person's way of thinking and political behavior which is then used to drive \n\nactivities and actions. Furthermore, Macridis explained that political ideology has several \n\nfunctions (Macridis, 1983: 4-13). \n\n \n\nSocioeconomic Factors \n\nDifferenceLivelihoods in Bumi Dalung Permai Housing are inseparable from \n\ncontestation, livelihoods are very influential on the socio-economic life of the community. \n\nAs people now refer to money to determine one's social status, if one has a lot of money \n\none can buy a luxurious lifestyle and one's status will also rise in society. This happens \n\nbecause money holds control in the social life of various groups. This fact cannot be \n\ndenied, be it in subsidized housing, in elite housing, or even in villages. If a society has a \n\ngood economic status, the social status will rise. But if the economy is not well-established \n\nor below the surrounding environment, then social status will not be seen, especially in \n\nthe opinion because it will never be respected \n\nAccording to (Supartono et al, 2011: 40) the influence on the characteristics that \n\narise in the community in their environment both socially and economically. In this regard, \n\nit is necessary to have a variable to be able to see the socio-economic conditions of the \n\ncommunity. To see the level of community welfare in an environment can be seen from \n\nthe economic and social aspects. Economic variables which include the level of income, \n\nthe amount of monthly expenditure or spending or consumption, both for food and non-\n\nfood as well as the level of production, investment and so on. \n\nThis problem is differentin the residential area of Dalung Permai. The community's \n\nsocial relations are still very strong, the community works hand in hand to help neighbors", "start_char_idx": 25114, "end_char_idx": 28219, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "56b28e7d-6b1f-4325-825e-2bcd76f358f4": {"__data__": {"id_": "56b28e7d-6b1f-4325-825e-2bcd76f358f4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b8dc408c-f4ab-47b7-b111-c273b26a85fc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "6293a226e048084b575162c45187cd332d2317e96583ae245500cfe37e9a3301", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "44ff390a-7f43-4d6b-afe3-b5c013106b7e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "917e5bda759b67ecdab5b1dc02ee9548e80ca648f139df56fdbcdb80b33d0867", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n41 \n \n\nwho are in trouble, the people here highly uphold pluralism even though there is a small \n\ngroup that does not appreciate the absence of low social status and sparks small conflicts. \n\nThis can be seen when there are residents of Bumi Dalung Permai Housing who \n\nexperience a disaster, other residents will come voluntarily by bringing or providing \n\nassistance either in the form of material or in other forms. Not only if there is a disaster, \n\nwill the residents of Bumi Dalung Permai Housing Complex come to help if there are \n\nevents such as thanksgiving, voluntary preparation for Hindu ceremonies. \n\nNone of the contestations in the Bumi Dalung Permai housing complex surfaced, \n\nalthough in general there are contests in society. The contest that took place at Bumi \n\nDalung Permai Housing was related to the existence of social organizations. Each social \n\norganization accentuates each other's strengths. Such as ups and downs organizations \n\nthat show each other's strengths, tribal group arisan, and the existence of individual \n\ncompetition, especially regarding competition for the shape of the house. Not only from \n\nan organizational point of view, but there is contestation between socio-economic levels \n\nin residential communities, such as people competing in the fields of education, \n\nemployment, and wealth for the sake of comfortable life and social status in society. \n\nDespite the contestation in societyThe Bumi Dalung Permai housing complex exists \n\nbut the social feeling in society is still strong. This can be seen that there is still respect \n\nfor the socio-economic status of people with low incomes by providing assistance in the \n\nform of food, clothing and boards such as groceries, money, clothes. After the pandemic, \n\nthe social life of the people in Bumi Dalung Permai housing has changed drastically, \n\npeople who can gather for social activities are no longer gathering, traders selling are \n\nselling well, but after the pandemic everything was limited, interactions occurred more \n\nfrequently through social media. This is happening because people are afraid of being \n\ninfected with the virus that is currently warm. \n\nIn a multicultural society, such as Bumi Dalung Permai housing, which is a satellite \n\ncity of Kab. Badung, conflict and integration are a dialectical pair. Tension, or in technical \n\nlanguage is conflict, is one unit with pluralism (pluralism). There is no pluralism without \n\ntension, unless it is engineered in such a way that conflicts can be covered up. When \n\npeople of different religions interact, at that time the possibility of tension becomes very \n\nopen. Tensions between religious adherents can occur for several reasons. First, due to \n\nfactors outside of religion itself, such as social and economic factors involving inequality, \n\npoverty, and jealousy because social justice is not realized. In one place, it turns out that \n\nthe economic level of a minority community of a religion is better and creates jealousy. \n\nThis condition was then exacerbated by the unfair treatment of local authorities towards", "start_char_idx": 28224, "end_char_idx": 31582, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "44ff390a-7f43-4d6b-afe3-b5c013106b7e": {"__data__": {"id_": "44ff390a-7f43-4d6b-afe3-b5c013106b7e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "56b28e7d-6b1f-4325-825e-2bcd76f358f4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "3981347ca00f3de74e72979355bf64bc6134c48a7cbee9985453f7540d83449f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f5c84bc7-9d36-493c-82f6-c2595d74e75e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6f00b9f9d67701afb8add0671a159c6c8f55e28b52401af15049cb8d177b048d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n42 \n \n\nresidents according to the category of religious group. Second, the internal factor. It \n\ncannot be denied that religion, within itself, contains no small potential for conflict. There \n\nare sacred texts that are often used as justification tools for committing acts of violence \n\nand intolerance against other religious parties or groups. Thus, conflict can occur naturally \n\nas a logical consequence of the differences, although in many cases it can also be \n\nengineered. Meanwhile, in the midst of these differences in beliefs, every adherent is \n\nrequired to compete in doing well, which in Islamic terminology is known as \"fastabiqul \n\nkhairat\". \n\n \n\nGlobalization Factors \n\nNow people are counting if the world is getting smaller, want to go anywhere can be \n\nin a matter of minutes. Events abroad and within the country can be known quickly and \n\neasily, and even become hits. People chatting don't need to have to meet in person, just \n\nvirtual. Anyone can be connected to the internet without using it for a long time. The \n\ncommunity now has all activities in one hand, the community does not have to bother \n\ncoming to buy or visit in person. All you have to do is click, everything will be directly \n\nconnected, and all of this is the impact of globalization. \n\nGlobalization is the spread of the influence of science and culture from every corner \n\nof the world to other corners of the world so that the clear boundaries of a country are no \n\nlonger clear. Or you could say that globalization is a comprehensive or worldwide process \n\nin which everyone is not bound by countries or regional boundaries, meaning that each \n\nindividual can connect and exchange information anywhere and anytime through \n\nelectronic or print media. The definition of globalization according to language is a \n\nworldwide process. This understanding can vary from different perspectives, such as \n\nexperts see globalization from their respective perspectives. \n\nAccording to Appadurai (1990, 295) the presence of globalization towards culture \n\nencourages the birth of five dimensions to explain how economic, political and cultural \n\ndifferences in global economic practices consist of ethnoscapes, technoscapes, \n\nfinanscapes, mediascapes, and ideoscapes. These dimensions are also referred to as \n\nscapes which are described as having volatile or flexible properties, for example culture. \n\nEach of these spaces certainly has its own reality which consists of ideas which can \n\nchange their context according to the subject who experiences them. This flexible nature \n\nof adaptation indicates that cultural movements have competed with the interpretation of \n\neach individual's imagined world. Appadurai's opinion can see the boundaries of the seven \n\nelements of Koentjaraningrat culture.", "start_char_idx": 31587, "end_char_idx": 34644, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f5c84bc7-9d36-493c-82f6-c2595d74e75e": {"__data__": {"id_": "f5c84bc7-9d36-493c-82f6-c2595d74e75e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "44ff390a-7f43-4d6b-afe3-b5c013106b7e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "ffac524511ae18716ce81a7f252623b6f0c460a38cec7e892574e5047bb1d6aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9c7c8425-5318-4fda-859d-a4d60b75bd5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "785a929a4ff020e9aeecf5de8347473b5e92b1240d6f845358db6d36892e3cc9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n43 \n \n\nNow globalization can create a new pattern in the process of human interaction. \n\nMeanwhile, culture and identity are an inseparable part of each individual, so that in \n\ninteractions and relationships between humans, of course, they also involve elements of \n\nculture and identity in them that affect all corners of the earth without exception, as well \n\nas in Bumi Dalung Permai Housing. The people in Bumi Dalung Permai Housing are \n\nfamiliar with the term globalization because every activity, food, clothing and lifestyle has \n\nbeen influenced by global civilization. \n\nIn the world of globalizationCulture is an important arena of contestation in the era \n\nof globalization. However, the intensity of the contestation that occurs in each region \n\nvaries, depending on the level of mobility one has. On the other hand globalization can be \n\nan opportunity as well as a threat to the existence of culture and identity of global society \n\nin the arena of contestation. Globalization has encouraged the creation of increasingly \n\nintense social interaction, causing disputes between cultural homogenization and \n\nheterogenization. \n\nIn the first dimension, namely ethnoscapes which relates to the migration of people \n\nacross borders and across cultures, and describes a picture of the world and the \n\ncommunity within it, which is a form that is fluid, dynamic and not something static. \n\nEthnoscapes explains that there are shifts in world life, for example tourists, immigrants, \n\nrefugees, individual and group workers who can influence politics. The state of stability \n\ncan be achieved by analyzing the existence of movements of individuals and groups who \n\ncarry out these movements by force or purely by their will. At Bumi Dalung Permai Housing \n\nsince there were foreigners and people from outside Bali who settled in the housing, there \n\nhave been many business people coming from outside the residential area, there has \n\nbeen an increase in new residents in the housing. This condition can strengthen \n\ncontestation because the increasing number of immigrant communities is accompanied \n\nby the emergence of new beliefs and ideologies. In this case, there was an influence on \n\nthe first 7 cultural elements of the language system, the people in Bumi Dalung Permai \n\nhousing no longer fully use the Balinese language in their interactions but already use \n\nvarious languages such as English, Javanese and Indonesian. Even teenagers use more \n\nslang in interacting with each other. The people in Bumi Dalung Permai housing no longer \n\nfully use the Balinese language in their interactions but already use various languages \n\nsuch as English, Javanese and Indonesian. Even teenagers use more slang in interacting \n\nwith each other.  \n\nBoth systems of knowledge are very broad in scope because they include human \n\nknowledge about various elements used in life. At Bumi Dalung Permai housing, the", "start_char_idx": 34649, "end_char_idx": 37831, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9c7c8425-5318-4fda-859d-a4d60b75bd5f": {"__data__": {"id_": "9c7c8425-5318-4fda-859d-a4d60b75bd5f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f5c84bc7-9d36-493c-82f6-c2595d74e75e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "3e1eaf6903e033df1fe19c9af512bba345c579c6ef86f1c2f0f7bae341cdae8d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bfc46d02-698f-42a1-98a5-15076f0a437e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "af105cdc2254968d1c7ee61305a4f784198f795a7edf62e6500ba4b2633edf8c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n44 \n \n\npresence of immigrants from various regions has increased the local community's \n\nknowledge of pluralism. Communities can respect each other and enhance each other's \n\nknowledge. The three social systems, in Bumi Dalung Permai housing, even though there \n\nare immigrants from various regions and circles, do not necessarily change the social \n\nsystem of the housing community, especially the indigenous people. The social system of \n\nkinship and social organization in Bumi Dalung Permai housing is still well maintained \n\neven though there is a bit of contestation going on in society. The community still \n\nmaintains the balai banjar and gotong royong. \n\nMutual assistance is highly valued by the Bumi Dalung Permai housing community. \n\nSociety does not look at RAS in helping neighbors. Immigrants from various regions have \n\nintegrated with the surrounding community so that there are no blocks between \n\nindigenous people and immigrant communities. The three systems of living equipment \n\nand technology, in Bumi Dalung Permai Housing, the average community already uses \n\ndigital systems which are influenced by immigrant communities who use a variety of the \n\nlatest equipment and technology. In the past, many local people still survived by using a \n\nsatellite dish to watch TV, now many have switched to subscription TV. The four livelihood \n\nsystems for the people of Bumi Dalung Permai housing have now changed many \n\nprofessions to become business people. \n\nSixth, the religious system, namely humans believeto the existence of a supernatural \n\nor supernatural power that is considered higher than humans, the Bumi Dalung Permai \n\nResidential community, especially Hindus, have experienced changes in their religious \n\nactivities. These changes can be seen from the gebongan offerings used for prayer \n\nceremonies and activities related to ceremonies. Previously, the people of Bumi Dalung \n\nPermai Housing, especially Hindus, when there were religious ceremonies, used natural \n\nor self-made tools, but now everything is instant. \n\nGebogan in Hindu ritual activities as a form of offering. Gebogan or pajegan is an \n\narrangement of fruit and snacks. In the past, this gebogan offering did not need to be \n\nmade big and tall. The level of gebogan depends on the sincerity and ability of each \n\nindividual to make gebogan, because the value of a gebogan is not measured by how \n\nhigh or low it is, but by sincerity in showing gratitude, and the rest is a form of art \n\nappreciation. But now, people seem to be competing to make big and tall offerings of \n\ngebogan only to show off to others until they are forced to seek debt just to make gebogan \n\nofferings. \n\nSeventh, there are many things that make the island of Bali a popular tourist \n\ndestination for the community. One of them is the appeal of art, art in Bali which seems to", "start_char_idx": 37836, "end_char_idx": 40954, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bfc46d02-698f-42a1-98a5-15076f0a437e": {"__data__": {"id_": "bfc46d02-698f-42a1-98a5-15076f0a437e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9c7c8425-5318-4fda-859d-a4d60b75bd5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "1fb257dbf59489ffb5d389ffd134b18e3e19fbf30ee3164b6c77087f73252b29", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9a1ab1da-3a6d-4154-a79f-11ff8bd7f7ff", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0d597c203b0027a0f8e32349516587005ab3363d7d91c40f95a4ddab218e220b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n45 \n \n\nbe now formed from a blend of Javanese Hindu and Buddhist religions and the traditions \n\nof the Balinese people. Art that can be found on the island of Bali such as dance, sculpture, \n\npainting, sculpture. When people go to the island of Bali, it is easy for people to see \n\nBalinese art, both in urban areas and in rural areas without exception including at the Bumi \n\nDalung Permai Housing Complex. There are also several arts that are still maintained by \n\nthe community, especially Hindus. Art in Bumi Dalung Permai housing in general is still \n\nholding up well because of the existence of a banjar hall which teaches art education to \n\nthe younger generation. Several arts related to religious ceremonies still survive with their \n\nsacredness and some have been adapted to the needs of the community. This adjustment \n\nis influenced by the increasingly busy mobility of Hindus. Meanwhile, Christians and \n\nMuslims do not have a lot of art, because art for Christians and Muslims is used as \n\nentertainment, not as a means for religious activities. \n\nThe second dimension is technoscapes which elevates a new model of cultural \n\ninteraction and exchange through the power of technology. The development of \n\ntechnology and information at high speed across borders is unprecedented in the previous \n\nera. The increasing sophistication of technology is also closely related to the economic or \n\nfinancial landscape dimensions in the process of moving money at the global level. In this \n\nprocess, the movement of money makes it vulnerable to the emergence of a global crisis \n\nbecause it is increasingly difficult to control. \n\nThe technoscapes dimension is not only a matter of the complexity of the movement \n\nof money, but also political practices and also the readiness of the workforce caused by \n\nthe encouragement of political and market practices (Appadurai, 1990: 297). The \n\ninfluence of technology in today's era cannot be stopped or even avoided anymore, all \n\nareas have been infiltrated by technology, every time technology continues to develop. \n\nLike it or not, people have to keep up with technological developments if they don't want \n\nto be left behind with the others. The development of this technology has also had a major \n\nimpact on Bumi Dalung Permai housing. This technology has a huge impact on interaction \n\nand maintaining the identity of the people in Bumi Dalung Permai Housing. Communities \n\ncan maintain language arts, increase knowledge, change social systems, living equipment \n\nand technology, livelihood, religion, and art owned. Developing technology does not look \n\nat religion at all. \n\nThe entry of technology has made several changes to the Bumi Dalung Permai \n\nResidential community. The first occurred in the language system used by the Bumi \n\nDalung Permai Housing community, many people have been able to use languages from \n\nother regions, even though it was only limited to light everyday conversations. This is", "start_char_idx": 40959, "end_char_idx": 44194, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9a1ab1da-3a6d-4154-a79f-11ff8bd7f7ff": {"__data__": {"id_": "9a1ab1da-3a6d-4154-a79f-11ff8bd7f7ff", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bfc46d02-698f-42a1-98a5-15076f0a437e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "d2a0535a45949d3a11b2b3eb9f4f5c12ace701f4a869e37a1af47c2c7094a946", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "18362bfe-9322-4a96-a2a3-d023fea2056d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a63676c380dedabeffd2d2c08fed7ecf5081c9d70ab0f0898e8c2f1d929b586a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n46 \n \n\nbecause now it is easy for people to learn languages from various applications on \n\nsmartphones or on websites. Some people, especially young people who cannot speak \n\nEnglish, when a foreign national asks questions using English, the community or \n\nteenagers can immediately open a website on Google to automatically translate the \n\nquestions submitted. Everything is now instantaneous by technology. \n\nSecond, in terms of knowledge systems, science and technology, which are more \n\ncommonly known by their abbreviations, namely Science and Technology. This is the \n\nmost rapid development experienced by society so far. Every second this science \n\ncontinues to experience significant developments. Science and technology has a very big \n\ninfluence in human life at this time. Today's technology has become something that is \n\nmandatory for some people. Because current technological advances are one of the \n\nconditions for using tools to help get the job done. This is indeed based on the benefits of \n\nstudying for life which is very useful, not only at this time but into the future. \n\nThe life that is felt today is nothing but the benefits of science and technology which \n\ncontinue to increase from time to time. Currently, people live in an era of all-technology, \n\nall the work they do is very easy. The problems that were previously felt, now have found \n\na solution so that they no longer feel these obstacles. With today's technology, people's \n\nknowledge develops faster, hot issues develop very quickly in society. People don't need \n\nto wait for other people to tell stories to get the information or stories they want, now \n\npeople only need to open their smartphones and look for what they want to know. \n\nThird from the side of social system of society, society and the social environment \n\ncannot be separated, humans are social beings who need each other. Humans must \n\ncommunicate and interact directly with each other. However, if you look at the existing \n\nfacts, the social life of today's society, it seems that the term social being which has \n\nelements of direct interaction and communication must be studied and re-examined. Age \n\nand technology have changed the pattern and system of social life in modern society. \n\nTechnology that has experienced very significant growth has explicitly had a very large \n\nimpact on today's human social life. The emergence of social media and all effective and \n\nefficient communication tools is one of the factors that has resulted in the birth of individual \n\nand selfish human beings. People tend to do things that are more pragmatic for social \n\ninteraction. Making direct social contact is assumed to be complicated, not profitable, a \n\nwaste of time and even said to be out of date. \n\nOne of the factors that causes social decline in society is the emotion of distrust of \n\none's own environment, even in the closest circle such as family, neighbors and work \n\nenvironment, especially during the current Covid-19 pandemic. This is because there are", "start_char_idx": 44199, "end_char_idx": 47492, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "18362bfe-9322-4a96-a2a3-d023fea2056d": {"__data__": {"id_": "18362bfe-9322-4a96-a2a3-d023fea2056d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9a1ab1da-3a6d-4154-a79f-11ff8bd7f7ff", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "e96c91adc7608a43b93988f9ca4da758d0ca7fad77bef930b3863e620a5bf744", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fb9a4286-a8cd-4672-8fc7-1493f60b8e76", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d848b928cf18a0a8c12ef445e7cb1038675b04581af93d8ffd43c550d060e2f6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n47 \n \n\nmany actions that generally occur due to people around the environment so that people \n\ntend to choose to do everything themselves or through communication tools to interact \n\nwithout having to meet and meet face to face. \n\nThe four live equipment system sand technology, in Bumi Dalung Permai Housing \n\nnow many people use technology assistance to help with daily activities, especially in the \n\nhousehold. Fifth, the religious system of society, human wholeness is essentially \n\ndetermined by the religious dimension. The religious dimension shows that basically \n\nhumans are creatures that contain mystery, which cannot be reduced to mere factors. In \n\nthis way, humans can be prevented from being made numbers, automatons or robots that \n\nare programmed deterministically, but on the contrary they still maintain their personality, \n\nfreedom and dignity. With this dimension humans can be avoided from arbitrary treatment \n\nor attitude. but religion places science and technology as a tool, a means and not an end. \n\nstrong and accentuate identity between people and regions that are getting stronger. \n\nSixth, the art system, as explained above that art on the island of Bali is really \n\nneeded, you could even say it's ingrained. With the existence of developing technology, \n\nart in society is increasing. Everyone can enjoy art by simply searching on websites or on \n\nsocial media. At Bumi Dalung Permai Housing, when there is an art performance or art \n\npractice, people who don't have time to come don't have to bother looking for tapes or \n\nvideos to the place where the art performance is being held. The public can enjoy just by \n\nlooking at their smartphones, especially if one of the families is watching, one family can \n\nalso watch shows only via smartphones sent via social media. The third dimension, \n\nnamely financial landscape which focuses on the economy, where there is a rapid shift of \n\ncapital in the global market. So it relates to the previous dimension, the need to control \n\nthe shift between people, technology and financial transfers that facilitate relations \n\nbetween one another. Increasing the financial or economy of a country makes the flow of \n\nmoney that is not limited to the country let alone the region so that everyone can do \n\nbusiness. \n\nIncreased prosperity and wealth can affect the level of contestation in several fields \n\nin society. If you look at the influence on the Bumi Dalung Permai housing complex, there \n\nare several elements that can be seen. First from the knowledge session, increasing \n\nfinancial income status influences the community to improve better education. In Bumi \n\nDalung Permai Housing, it is not surprising that many residents have jobs and an \n\nestablished education because the average resident of Bumi Dalung Permai Housing has \n\ngood finances so that it supports to increase their knowledge to a better level, many \n\nparents are competing for their children's education. better. Second, from a social", "start_char_idx": 47497, "end_char_idx": 50752, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fb9a4286-a8cd-4672-8fc7-1493f60b8e76": {"__data__": {"id_": "fb9a4286-a8cd-4672-8fc7-1493f60b8e76", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "18362bfe-9322-4a96-a2a3-d023fea2056d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "d6307d7bd31ea880909f8929570048fcf9adec87a422e131e397bc2f42d14018", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bc77e2a4-f2e1-42c6-ae9e-505f6c136b97", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d991bd08eab44db769cc68031910bec58f8bf507c7de5c2d6b9fda50085feac2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n48 \n \n\nperspective, the financial security of housing residents increases tolerance among \n\nresidents. \n\nIn this case, even though there is contestation in the financial life of the community, \n\nfriction does not occur so that the social system runs well. Third, from the religious side, \n\nfor all groups and religions, finance also has a very big influence on life. The better a \n\nperson's financial level will be shown when there is an event related to religion. Muslims \n\nhave a very good moment when Eid al-Fitr, on this holiday many groups who have well-\n\nestablished finances show luxury in various fields such as buying new clothes. If you look \n\nat buying new clothes every major holiday, it is more towards contestation between fellow \n\nbelievers to show off. In Christians this moment also occurs at Christmas and New Year. \n\nChristians also contested the issue of new clothes, and a Christmas tree. \n\nHinduism consists of three frameworksThe main subjects are Tattwa (Philosophy), \n\nSusila (Ethics), and Upakara (Ritual). The third part, namely the ceremony, is the one that \n\ngets the most portion in the implementation of Hinduism. Meanwhile, Hindus themselves \n\nalso have contests when there are holidays. Now the yadnya at Bumi Dalung Permai \n\nHousing has undergone many shifts in meaning. Hindus do not understand what the \n\nceremony they are offering means. In addition, the implementation of yadnya is also thick \n\nas a place to show their social class. The people are competing to carry out the big yadnya \n\neven though they are not really wealthy people. This is not merely a form of gratitude to \n\nGod, but so that we are not less competitive with our neighbors. \n\nOne culture that has shifted its meaning is the tradition of making penjor before \n\nGalungan. Penjor used to be very simple. The materials used are materials from the \n\nsurrounding environment which are easy to obtain such as bamboo, coconut leaves, \n\nvarious agricultural products, coconut and leaves. The community will make various \n\npenjor ornaments themselves. \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 5. 8 Traditional penjors \nDock. Nerawati 2020 \n\nFigure 5. 9 Penjor now \nDock. Nerawati 2020", "start_char_idx": 50757, "end_char_idx": 53182, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bc77e2a4-f2e1-42c6-ae9e-505f6c136b97": {"__data__": {"id_": "bc77e2a4-f2e1-42c6-ae9e-505f6c136b97", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fb9a4286-a8cd-4672-8fc7-1493f60b8e76", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "3fb6bae8977edf7cb544130a19a84e7a9cc57e8c66f1b7bc09ce2b29bf640654", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9c7495d3-11c3-4726-8fa1-d6ec5bbc7114", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "30c1d6b4accc4baaebcb504972483f60877740489f73d089a6e8b2dae94ed3ca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n49 \n \n\nThe picture above shows that now these elements are starting to be forgotten. \n\nModern penjor features more elements that do not exist in Hindu religious literature. Now \n\npenjors use lanterns or velvet which is used to wrap bamboo. Some even put up a statue \n\nof a dragon, eagle, swan or ogoh-ogoh. Today's Penjor emphasizes beauty more than its \n\nphilosophical meaning. People tend to focus more on the ornaments that will be attached \n\nto the penjor to make it stand out the most. The community is competing to make the \n\npenjor as grand as possible. Contestation between religious communities does not stop \n\nthere, penjor is often characterized as a person's social status in society. The more the \n\nmenor penjor, the higher the economic level of the owner of the penjor. This contestation \n\noccurs in society but does not cause friction among fellow religious communities. Bagus \n\n(in Kebayantini, 2013: 3) states that Hindu-Balinese society has experienced a cultural \n\nshift from an agrarian society (traditional) to an industrial society and is called a post-\n\ntraditional society which is characterized by strict arrangements of time, space, \n\nmanpower, capital, and heterogeneous occupations of the community so that cultural \n\ntransformation took place from an agricultural culture to a service culture. \n\nThe ease and frequency of human movement around the world, and advances in \n\ncommunication and the 'global marketing of styles, places and images' can lead to a \n\n'cultural supermarket effect' (cultural supermarket effect). People are no longer fixated on \n\ndeveloping an identity based on where they live, but can choose from a wide range of \n\nidentities. They can imitate the dress code, style of speech, values and lifestyle of any \n\ngroup they like (Rahmaniah, 2012: 123). \n\nThe fourth dimension is mediascapes which relates to the creation of distribution of \n\ninformation and images at all levels. The mediascapes dimension can be interpreted as a \n\nform of media from television, radio, newspapers and others that form opinions and then \n\nconstruct imagined worlds and individual interpretations of the phenomena and reality that \n\nare happening. Using media such as narration and images is considered to facilitate the \n\ndissemination of information and for the public to understand an opinion about a place \n\nand culture. \n\nAvailability of various languages in the world result in an increasing number of social \n\nmedia visitors every day. The absence of social and language boundaries further enriches \n\nthe development of language in society. A concrete example in Bumi Dalung Permai \n\nhousing which proves that social media has resulted in a change in language is the \n\nemergence of the use of alay language among teenagers. Teenagers use a lot of \n\nlanguage that is only understood by certain groups of teenagers.", "start_char_idx": 53187, "end_char_idx": 56305, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9c7495d3-11c3-4726-8fa1-d6ec5bbc7114": {"__data__": {"id_": "9c7495d3-11c3-4726-8fa1-d6ec5bbc7114", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101965", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "a59e3e011765f016ebb210a2f30b1ba5b79620250e54000441390ca00f40370d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bc77e2a4-f2e1-42c6-ae9e-505f6c136b97", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "8126770d74ecef6066e4981a1e46b3c85f2d3c64145cae5affdf89f7bf68cb81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "11e86a76-aed6-4c9f-abf1-67a2f50beb28", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9114f03137784bd8a2cd5ffd7cb13d5cf2db67266c6e18cdaf46556de0c71e88", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n50 \n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nBased on the descriptions in the previous chapters, it can be concluded that \n\nreligious contestation in Bumi Dalung Permai Housing Complex, North Kuta, Badung, Bali \n\nas a cultural study is seen from the strengthening of religious contestation which cannot \n\nbe separated from the influence of regional origins and the indigenous cultural traditions \n\nof the penghuli. Residents of housing that are heterogeneous, some still maintain regional \n\norigins and some have begun to decrease by adjusting to local conditions. Something \n\ninteresting about the actions of indigenous people or immigrants when looking at the \n\ntraditions of other immigrant areas. The existence of the influence of the political ideology \n\nadhered to, with the existence of this factor creates contestation in various fields which \n\ncan cause small frictions. Especially when there is a general election each individual and \n\ngroup defended their own political views, although this small friction eventually \n\ndisappeared after the general election was over. The influence of socio-economic factors, \n\nin this case in general there is no contestation on the surface, even though this \n\ncontestation actually exists in society. Especially with the existence of social \n\norganizations, because each social organization accentuates the strengths of each \n\norganization. \n\n \n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nAppadurai, Arjun. 1990. \u201cDisjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy\u201d, \ndalam Theory, Culture, and Society, (7) pp. 295 - 310. \n\nBarth, F. 1969. \u2018Introduction\u2019. Dalam Fredrik Barth (ed.), Ethnic Groups  \n\nBadudu & Zein. 2001. Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta : Pustaka Sinar \nHarapan. \n\nBudiardjo, Miriam. 2008. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta : PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama \n\nBuditha. S., I Nyoman. 2016. Esensi Keberagamaan Hindu Dalam Keluarga Etnis Bali \nDi Dusun Kebaluan Desa Senaru Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara \nProvinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dalam Desertasi. UNHI \n\nHogg, M. A., & Abrams,  D. 1998. Social Identity Theory: Constructive and Critical \nAdvances. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. \n\nKebayantini, Ni Nyoman. 2013. Komodifikasi Upacara Ngaben di Bali. Denpasar: \nUdayana University Press. \n\nMacridis, Roy C., 1983. Contemporary Political Ideologies: Movements and Regimes. \nBoston, Toronto: Little, Brown and Company \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 32-51   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n51 \n \n\nRahmaniah, Aniek. 2012. Budaya dan Identitas. Sidoarjo: Dwiputra Pustaka Jaya.  \n\nSafei, Agus Ahmad. 2020. Sosiologi Toleransi Kontestasi, Akomodasi, Harmoni. \nYogyakarta: Deepublish. \n\nSuparlan, P. 2005. Suku Bangsa dan Hubungan Antar Suku Bangsa. Jakarta: \nYayasan Pengembangan Kajian Ilmu Kepolisian. \n\nSupartono, Khusnul, Dkk. 2011. Analisis Variabel Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Urban \nTerhadap Kemandirian Ekonomi Dintinjau dari Aspek Keuangan,Energi dan \nPangan di Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Pemalang. Journal of Indonesian \nApplied Economics Vol. 5 No. 1. Fakultas Ekonomi.Universitas Brawijaya Surabaya.", "start_char_idx": 56313, "end_char_idx": 59810, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "11e86a76-aed6-4c9f-abf1-67a2f50beb28": {"__data__": {"id_": "11e86a76-aed6-4c9f-abf1-67a2f50beb28", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9c7495d3-11c3-4726-8fa1-d6ec5bbc7114", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101965", "author": "Ayu Nerawati, Ni Gusti Agung", "title": " CAUSAL FACTORS OF THE INCREASE OF RELIGIOUS CONTESTATION IN BUMI DALUNG PERMAI HOUSING COMPLEX", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101965.pdf"}, "hash": "3f51b68fadcf5f728f454d9908163c366a6c55137ba85686ecfe30eb5bc1280f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6b34d5d6-2cc7-4723-8e5c-7f30317b19b4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "35de2baf7e657deed265aa333bfe97e59879c186874aa427ff5632cbfba4faf1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel a.n. Kumiko5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n52 \n \n\n \n\nNATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT \nCOMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT \n\nTHE JAPANESE YOUTHS? \n \n\n  \nKumiko Shishido1, I Nyoman Suarka2, I Nyoman Dhana3 \n\n \n\n \n1Mahasaraswati University, Denpasar, 2,3Cultural Studies Study Program, Faculty \n\nof Arts, Udayana University \n \n\nEmail: 1kumikoshishido@gmail.com, 2nyoman_suarka@unud.ac.id, \n3nyomandhana@ymail.com   \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 14-01-2023 \nAccepted Date : 26-03-2023 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2023 \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\nThis paper aims to discuss the view of Japanese youths on the discourse against Kimi ga \nYo, especially in the setting of international sport competitions. It is a qualitative-research \nthat uses the open model survey technique to obtain the primary data from the Japanese \nyouths aged 20 to 22. The result of this paper shows that the discourse against Kimi ga \nYo does not implicate towards the youths\u2019 view in the present days of Japan. It also \nhighlights the youths\u2019 ignorance on the literal meaning of the lyrics and their emphasis \non the function of Kimi ga Yo as a national anthem. \n\n \nKeywords: Kimi ga Yo, critical discourse analysis, Japanese youths \n  \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nNational anthem (Japanese terms: \u2018kokka\u2019) refers to the song that represents a \n\ncountry \u2013or the people of such country\u2013 being played in occasions such as in national \n\nceremony or international event (Matsumura, 1995: 976). Kimi ga Yo, Japanese national \n\nanthem which also happens to be the shortest national anthem (Takiguchi, 2020), was \n\nformalized by the Japanese Government through the 1999 Law on the National Flag and \n\nNational Anthem (JapanGov, 2021). Despite the absence of information on the \u2018waka\u2019 or \n\ntraditional Japanese poetry from which the lyrics of Kimi ga Yo were originally derived \n\n(Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2020: 2), it can be known that this anthem sparked \n\nbitter controversies among the Japanese society. The refusal against Kimi ga Yo was", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2337, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6b34d5d6-2cc7-4723-8e5c-7f30317b19b4": {"__data__": {"id_": "6b34d5d6-2cc7-4723-8e5c-7f30317b19b4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "11e86a76-aed6-4c9f-abf1-67a2f50beb28", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "71bbda4604bb7a27067a2df569574dfc2c452acfce8dee68c311e46240c708fa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7fd00b3e-21d3-4fb5-b85f-be337e884394", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f52be2e3b95e26bfb96c78c01e19b55ae603a2c59907d16eb3b77c2bbde53f6b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n53 \n \n\nrooted in a discourse that this anthem represents both militarism and imperialism during \n\nthe World War era with the lyrics praising the long reign of the emperor (Hirata, 2009). It \n\nwas particularly centered in the academic field, i.e., among Japanese teachers who \n\nrefused to sing Kimi ga Yo at school ceremonies such as on graduation day (Marshall, \n\n2012). \n\nIn the contemporary era,  one of many occasions where national anthem  is \n\nplayed  or  sang  is  at international sport competitions (Slater, et.al, 2018: 1). In such \n\nsetting, there is a universal practice where each of the competing teams will be given the \n\nchance to sing their national anthem before a match. According to Hoberman (in Aji, \n\net.al., 2018: 39), sport became a mass psychology phenomenon related to nationalism; \n\nparticularly as the characteristic of one\u2019s nation is defined through the raising of its \n\nnational flag and the singing of its national anthem. This statement is consistent with the \n\nnotion that national anthem produces the national identity of a country (Rudiyanto, 2016: \n\n8). As there was no any kind of written agreement between nations on such practice at \n\ninternational sport competitions, historians tend to refer its commencement to one \n\nparticular event: the singing of \u201cThe Star-Spangled Banner\u201d in the baseball match \n\nbetween Boston Red Sox and Chicago Cubs at the 1918 World Series (Bologna, 2018). \n\nJust as other countries, Japan who actively participates in international sport \n\ncompetition also complies to the practice by singing Kimi ga Yo before team match. \n\nHowever, it can be found that the singing of Kimi ga Yo at international sport competition \n\nportrays a different situation unlike among academics. This is mainly shown by the \n\nabsence of controversial reports or protest \u2013neither from the athletes nor the audience\u2013 \n\nagainst the kokka. As an example, the recognition and respect towards Kimi ga Yo at \n\ninternational sport competition can be seen in the below clips picturing the emotional \n\nsinging of Kimi ga Yo at the 2019 Rugby World Cup. \n\n  \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n54 \n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n(Source: World Rugby Official YouTube Account, 2019) \n\n \n\nThe refusal against Kimi ga Yo in academic setting can accordingly be linked to \n\nthe variative contexts surrounding the discourse. Despite the absence of information on \n\nthe concrete form of such discourse \u2013 whether it was spoken or written\u2013 its impact among \n\nthe Japanese can be considered alarming at the time. One of the most fatal impacts was \n\nthe suicide of Toshihiro Ishikawa, the principal of Sera Highschool in Hiroshima who was \n\nunable to handle the teachers\u2019 refusal to sing Kimi ga Yo at the graduation day, as for \n\nthem it was equal to praising the emperor who let the atomic bomb dropped in Hiroshima \n\n(Newsweek, 1999). Although the controversy surrounding Kimi ga Yo was peaking \n\naround the era of its formalization, the refusal can still be found afterwards, including in \n\nthe case of a parent who refused to sing the anthem at his daughter\u2019s school ceremony \n\nand a teacher who spread the words on her refusal against the anthem, as shown in the \n\nclips below.", "start_char_idx": 2342, "end_char_idx": 6038, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7fd00b3e-21d3-4fb5-b85f-be337e884394": {"__data__": {"id_": "7fd00b3e-21d3-4fb5-b85f-be337e884394", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6b34d5d6-2cc7-4723-8e5c-7f30317b19b4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "1b80662f80a11394213be710bebb67dc73306e731544dbb77d6b7bb3b13a3a78", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6cfbb151-9c6b-4115-aa8f-a8c4ed439bc4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c33e820eec89a34dc9d9b7780ab7c0cf5c5bfafe8333054cd1ca239559f57614", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n55 \n \n\n \n\n(FRANCE 24 English Official YouTube Account, 2008) \n\n \n\nIn the view of critical discourse analysis, language is not only analyzed from its \n\nlinguistic elements, rather it is strongly linked to the context relating to the certain aim and \n\npractice of the discourse itself (Badara, 2012: 26 & 28). According to Van Dijk, Fairclough \n\nand Wodak (in Badara, 2012: 29-35), critical discourse analysis highlights five elements \n\nas its characteristics, one of which is context. As the core point of discourse analysis is to \n\nportray how text and context co-exist in a communication process, context encompasses \n\nall situations outside the text which affect the use of language, including the social setting \n\nsurrounding it (Badara, 2012: 30-31). \n\nThis paper aims to discuss the view of Japanese youths on the discourse against \n\nKimi ga Yo in the present days of Japan, particularly by underlining the contrast impact  \n\nbetween the two  different  settings. Moreover, the analysis in this paper will be focused \n\non how the youths see the discourse in their-era-of- Japan, both as the Japanese who \n\nwere recently engaged in academic fields and the millennials who are familiar with \n\ninternational sport competitions. Additionally, this paper will also highlight whether the \n\nyouths prefer to criticize the lyrics of Kimi ga Yo to fully comprehend the meaning behind \n\nthe anthem or to focus on its function without putting much attention to the lyrics and its \n\nmeaning. \n\n \n\nMETHOD \n\nAs a qualitative-research, the method used in this paper tends to be descriptive \n\nand naturalistic, where the findings would be casuistic and would not be aimed to be \n\ngeneralized into the other context (Irawan, 2006: 52). This paper uses the primary data \n\nderived from Japanese youths (age 20 to 22) who are spread all across Japan. The \n\ntechnic used to obtain the data is survey technic which is commonly used to comprehend \n\nthe behavior and opinion of a certain group of people (Maryaeni, 2008: 67). In particular, \n\nit uses the open-model survey to highlight each opinion and perspective of the youths \n\nqualitatively.", "start_char_idx": 6046, "end_char_idx": 8439, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6cfbb151-9c6b-4115-aa8f-a8c4ed439bc4": {"__data__": {"id_": "6cfbb151-9c6b-4115-aa8f-a8c4ed439bc4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7fd00b3e-21d3-4fb5-b85f-be337e884394", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "43934ab43dc11208ab6c5743622124d3df1b3fa0ff796d6cd060fbbc74184c64", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a237d35b-6e35-4432-b196-b4e1e0bab982", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4028476353a580899f6949e16996cb4a4060e95873fca3065d7ec9a7641e8fe6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n56 \n \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSIONS \n\nFactors  Underlying  the  Different  View  of  \u201cNational  Anthem  Singing\u201d  at  \n\nSchool  and  at International Sport Competitions \n\n \n\nFrom the question raised to find out the underlying factors on the different views resulted \n\nfrom the same song, this paper presents the below data analysis. \n\n \n\nData 1 \n\n \n\n\u300c\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u306e\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u306f\u56fd\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5074\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u611f\u3058\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u300d  \n\n\u201cSup\u014dtsu no genba de wa kuni no daihy\u014d to iu sokumen ga aru ga gakk\u014dde wa sore ga \n\nkanji rarenai kara da to omoimasu.\u201d \n\n\u201cI think it\u2019s because in sports setting, there is an aspect of \u2018country\u2019s representation\u2019 \n\nwhich cannot be felt in school.\u201d \n\n \n\nThe above data shows a youth\u2019s view which emphasizes on the aspect of \n\n\u2018country\u2019s representation\u2019, as both the athletes and the audience in international sport \n\ncompetitions are competing against another country. In this sense, such aspect would \n\nonly occur when another country or another external party is involved in the setting. The \n\nsinging of Kimi ga Yo before sports competition can also be seen as a platform to channel \n\nexpressions, emotions and hopes towards the country representative team. Whereas at \n\nschool, the singing of Kimi ga Yo which is done internally does not involve any sense of \n\nrepresenting Japan. \n\nThis view can be linked to the notion of Haryatmoko (2019: 5) that discourse is a \n\nsocial practice in the form of symbolic interactions and how the language is used to aim \n\nparticular social objectives, including to generate social changes. In this sense, the aim to \n\ngenerate social changes iniciated by the teachers who refused to sing Kimi ga Yo appear \n\nto be inapplicabe in the setting of international sport competitions, as representing the \n\ncountry and competing for its glory is seen as a bigger aim of the surrounding social \n\nsetting. Consequently, the involvement of another country affects the sense of belonging \n\ntowards one\u2019s own country, while its absence also affects the sense of belonging in a \n\nreverse way. \n\n \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n57", "start_char_idx": 8444, "end_char_idx": 11004, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a237d35b-6e35-4432-b196-b4e1e0bab982": {"__data__": {"id_": "a237d35b-6e35-4432-b196-b4e1e0bab982", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6cfbb151-9c6b-4115-aa8f-a8c4ed439bc4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "b48df36bbd7875d598a01d2523403fa3dbc9c92fcfb7f47e6cfc1f3f79655738", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a8f690bc-5414-40ba-a43c-d1ce5c5cffd3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d9551644d44fd87bb18cc7e0afe820d3bf93488142d9249a5c90b85bbbceaaf4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n58 \n \n\nData 2 \n\n\u300c \u80cc \u8ca0 \u3063 \u3066 \u3044 \u308b \u3082 \u306e \u306e \u5927 \u304d \u3055 \u3002 ( \u5b66\u6821\u73fe\u5834\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u3084\u5150\u7ae5\u751f \u5f92\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3001 \u30a2\u30b9\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u306f \u3088 \u308a \n\n\u300c\u4ee3\u8868\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fd\u3092\u80cc\u8ca0\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u611f\u3058\u308b)\u300d \n\n\u201cShotte irumonono \u014dki-sa. (Gakk\u014d genba no ky\u014din ya jid\u014d seito ni kurabe, asur\u012bto wa yori \n\n\u2018daihy\u014d to shite kuni o shotte iru' to iu bubun ga ky\u014dch\u014d sa re yasui y\u014d ni kanjiru)\u201d \n\n\u201cIt is the size of what they carry. (I feel like the sense that they carry their own country on \n\ntheir shoulder as representatives is more emphasized for athletes at sports field than \n\nteachers and students at school)\u201d \n\nThe emphasis of the above data is on the size or scale of the responsibility carried \n\nat each event. In international sports competitions, the athletes particularly carry the \n\nprofessional responsibility to perform their best to win against another country. Similar \n\nwith the previous data, this view shows how the aspect of being the country\u2019s \n\nrepresentative affects the invalidity of the discourse. The particular view that academics \n\ncarry less responsibility as country representative compared to athletes, however, \n\ncannot be generalized into a notion, but can be linked to the notion of Widja (2012: 152) \n\nthat education reflects the praxis of cultural life to disclose the cultural ideological traps \n\nof contemporary cultural practices rooted in the past. Hence, there is a clear difference \n\non the focus and aims of the teachers through the education and the athlethes through \n\nthe competition. \n\n \n\nData 3 \n\n\u300c\u305d\u306e\u6642\u3005\u306e\u5fc3\u60c5\u3084\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u5834\u6240\uff09\u300d \n\n\u201cSonotokidoki no shinj\u014d ya kanky\u014d \n\n(basho)\u201d \n\n\u201cIt depends on the atmosphere and the environment (the place) at that time\u201d \n\nUnlike the first and the second data, this data presents a more general view which \n\nessentially states how context takes part in the influence of critical discourse analysis. \n\nThis is consistent with the notion that a text or a written discourse depends on the readers \n\nor audience as a crucial part who makes the text itself works (Ida, 2014: 8), while its \n\nmeaning is also inseparable from the situational context (Lubis, 2014: 103). As the \n\n\u2018context\u2019 encompasses all situations outside the text (Badara, 2012: 30-31), it can be \n\nunderlined that the atmosphere and environment at the venue of international sport \n\ncompetitions affects the invalidity of the discourse. In this sense, international sport \n\ncompetitions are commonly held in a festive atmosphere while the academic and formal \n\natmosphere at school ceremonies tends to trigger the discourse.", "start_char_idx": 11015, "end_char_idx": 13736, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a8f690bc-5414-40ba-a43c-d1ce5c5cffd3": {"__data__": {"id_": "a8f690bc-5414-40ba-a43c-d1ce5c5cffd3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a237d35b-6e35-4432-b196-b4e1e0bab982", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "7c7c1dfe39c2893ee88c5641ee88c24deb5db2de3767725b421c396375041392", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "95666b0f-cf99-4180-8c7a-cabdb1dc0304", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7123ad9eaf80ddcba824ce1342ee74962cab9b68120c31ceaa5c171bcf5d59d0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n59 \n \n\n \n\nData 4 \n\n\u300c\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u306f\u56fd\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8c61\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6589\u5531\u306f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3002\u300d  \n\n\u201cSup\u014dtsu    wa    kuni    no    daihy\u014d    to    iu    sh\u014dch\u014d-tekina    mono.    Sore    ni    taishi    \n\ngakk\u014d    de no kokka seish\u014d wa keishiki-tekina mono.\u201d \n\n\u201cSport is a symbolic thing that represents a country. On the other hand, the national \n\nanthem sang at school is a formality.\u201d \n\nThe above data shows a youth\u2019s view which re-emphasizes the symbolic aspect \n\nof Kimi ga Yo at international sports competitions. In this sense, \u2018symbol\u2019 can be \n\nequalized to identity, whereas the singing of Kimi ga Yo at school is seen as a formal \n\ngesture that is not or less emotionally attached to the audience.  As  it  is stated  earlier  \n\nthat  national anthem produces the national  identity of a country (Rudiyanto, 2016: \n\n8), this view may reflect that the teachers who refused to sing of Kimi ga Yo at school did \n\nnot see the anthem as their identity. The discourse against Kimi ga Yo, then, was spread \n\nas part of the hegemony where the dominant group (discourse producers \u2013in this context, \n\nthe teachers\u2013) imposes the consent of the dominated groups (discourse audience) by \n\narticulating a political and ideological vision which claims to speak for all (Gramsci in \n\nEdkins and Williams, 2010: 234). \n\n \n\nJapanese Youths\u2019 View on the Urge to Criticize the Lyrics and Meaning of Kimi \n\nga Yo as Their National Anthem \n\n \n\n \n\nMay your reign \nContinue for a thousand, eight thousand generations, Until the tiny pebbles \n\nGrow into massive boulders \nLush with moss \n\n(English translation by Hood, 2001: 166.) \nSubsequently, from the question raised to find out whether the youths prefer to criticize", "start_char_idx": 13741, "end_char_idx": 15680, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "95666b0f-cf99-4180-8c7a-cabdb1dc0304": {"__data__": {"id_": "95666b0f-cf99-4180-8c7a-cabdb1dc0304", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a8f690bc-5414-40ba-a43c-d1ce5c5cffd3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "47389004c233841ce686750ea98513d62ad91e26893ecdc9891d515db2196acf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5558269a-8758-4b5c-9f62-539ee7b5bce6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7e39d8570844a41a8cc0e699701a343532e0f76991b019d5f6ff6d385fd785ae", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n60 \n \n\nthe lyrics of Kimi ga Yo or not, this paper presents the below data analysis. \n\n \n\nData 5 \n\n\u300c\u6a5f\u80fd \u56fd\u6b4c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5927\u7fa9\u306f\u610f\u5473\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u5927\u304d\u3044\u300d \n\n\u201cKin\u014d \u2013 Kokka to iu taigi wa imi ij\u014d ni \u014dk\u012b\u201d \n\n\u201cThe fuction \u2013 the meaning behind the existence of national anthem itself is bigger than \n\nthe meaning of its lyrics.\u201d \n\n \n\nThe above view shows that the function of Kimi ga Yo as national anthem is more \n\nimportant than the meaning of its lyrics. In this sense, the respondent sees how the \n\nrepresentation of Japan\u2019s national identity through its kokka carries a bigger meaning \n\ncompared to the discourse against the kokka that its lyrics are problematic. Such view \n\nparticularly sees the nationalism value through the kokka, where nationalism itself refers \n\nto an ideology with the sense of belonging and sense of serving a national community as \n\nits affective driving force (Eatwell and Wright, 2004: 212). \n\n \n\nData 6 \n\n\u300c\u56fd\u6b4c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b \n\n\u7406\u7531\uff1a \u6b4c\u8a5e\u306b\u8208\u5473\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089 \u300d \n\n\u201cKokka to shite no kin\u014d ni j\u016bten o oite kangaeru. Riy\u016b: Kashi ni ky\u014dmi ga naikara\u201d \n\n\u201cTo sing it by focusing on its function, because I do not care of the literal meaning of the \n\nlyrics.\u201d \n\nThis view shows a particular apathy on the meaning of Kimi ga Yo\u2019s lyrics, as the \n\nrespondent does not care nor have any interest towards the lyrics meaning. This view \n\ncan be attributed to the notion that the Japanese tend not to attach themselves into a \n\nstrict and particular ideology, where they then prefer to have a flexible ethics (Benedict, \n\n1946 in Hasegawa, 2005: 373). Ideology itself can no longer be seen to exist vertically as \n\nin the supra-structure and sub-structure relation \u2013for example, a nation and its people\u2013, it \n\ncan rather grow unconsciously in a human-to-human relationship on a daily basis \n\n(Althuser in Takwin, 2009: 85). Hence, it can be seen that a particular discourse and \n\nideology against Kimi ga Yo that was once peaking in Japan does not implicate to the \n\nrespondent\u2019s view, as the respondent may not want to be attached to a strict ideology \n\nand/or has a personal ideology towards the issue in question. \n\nData 7 \n\n\u300c\u81ea\u5206\u306f\u56fd\u6b4c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7406\u7531\u306f\u4eca\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u82e5\u8005\u306f\u6050\u3089\u304f\u300c", "start_char_idx": 15685, "end_char_idx": 18084, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5558269a-8758-4b5c-9f62-539ee7b5bce6": {"__data__": {"id_": "5558269a-8758-4b5c-9f62-539ee7b5bce6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "95666b0f-cf99-4180-8c7a-cabdb1dc0304", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "c1c6474c24d4bcf0beda63bd85730f05038763cc2b73dc1a6a4c2d91c24deaf5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "45ccf3c6-217b-4751-9996-4401ebb14164", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "79e4a8faf6c3243bc3b54cec016a98410f2d7133ddd49d6761232dd1b2744632", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n61 \n \n\n\u541b\u304c\u4ee3\u300d\u306b \u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u95a2\u5fc3\u304c\u7121\u304f\u6b4c\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3082\u826f\u304f\u77e5\u3089\u305a\u306b\u6b4c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u5927\u534a\u3067\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304b\u3089\u305a\n\n\u6b4c\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306b\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u304c \u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e8b\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300d \n\n\u201cJibun wa kokka to shite no kin\u014d o j\u016bshi suru beki da to omoimasu. Riy\u016b wa ima no Nihon \n\nno wakamono wa osoraku `Kimigayo' ni taishite kanshin ga naku kashi no imi mo yoku \n\nshirazu ni utatte iru hito ga taihan de, sukunakarazu kashi no imi ni sono hito ga say\u016b sa \n\nreru koto wa nai to omottakaradesu.\u201d \n\n\u201cTo me, we should rather emphasize on its function as the national anthem, since the \n\nmajority of Japanese youths do not have an interest in Kimi ga Yo nowadays. They tend \n\nto sing it without comprehending the lyrics so no one is affected by the meaning of its \n\nlyrics.\u201d \n\n \n\nSimilar to the previous two, this view also stresses on the apathy of the majority \n\nof Japanese youths nowadays. Moreover, the particular view stating that \u201cno one is \n\naffected by the meaning of its lyrics\u201d shows how the youths prioritize the avoidance of \n\nconflict by choosing not to comprehend the actual meaning behind the lyrics or involving \n\nthemselves in the discourse. This view can also be linked to the flexible ethics of the \n\nJapanese (Benedict, 1946 in Hasegawa, 2005: 373) where they may not see the \n\nexistence of Kimi ga Yo as something worth criticizing. \n\n \n\nData 8 \n\n\u300c\u56fd\u6b4c\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3059\u3079\u304d \n\n\u7406\u7531: \u541b\u304c\u4ee3\u306e\u6b4c\u8a5e\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u79c1\u81ea\u8eab\u6b4c\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u3088\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3002\u300d \n\n\u201cKokka no kin\u014d o j\u016bshi subeki. Riy\u016b: Kimigayo no kashi wa gendai nihongo to wa \n\nkotonari, watakushi jishin kashi no imi o yoku rikai shite inai kara.\u201d \n\n\u201cWe should prioritize its function as the national anthem. Reason: the language used in the \n\nlyrics of Kimiga Yo is an ancient language and is different from the present Japanese, thus \n\nI do not really comprehend the lyrics myself.\u201d \n\n \n\nLastly, this view also emphasizes on the function of Kimi ga Yo as Japan\u2019s kokka. \n\nHowever, it tends to underline the linguistic aspect where the waka from which the lyrics \n\nwere derived is an ancient language which does not meet the present days use of the \n\nJapanese language. Thus, this view sees that the ancient lyrics should not be subject to \n\ndebate or discourse as the youths would not comprehend the lyrics either. In this sense, \n\nthe discourse against the lyrics of Kimi ga Yo itself may raise a question as the translation \n\nof the ancient waka can be subject to multiple interpretations. Thus, it can further be linked", "start_char_idx": 18088, "end_char_idx": 20704, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "45ccf3c6-217b-4751-9996-4401ebb14164": {"__data__": {"id_": "45ccf3c6-217b-4751-9996-4401ebb14164", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5558269a-8758-4b5c-9f62-539ee7b5bce6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "87aecd01e17a456616aad2e8577be4dc41abe717ae4047ca518775e978dfc3c1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "15994360-3a59-47ed-8982-de5120ac5b86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ce28aab8a0dbe224c7a7a4ee6a31ab6e9ba83f3dff61a0a7db58fb67b2646ce6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n62 \n \n\nto the notion that the rules created by the power holders (or the discourse producers) are \n\n\u201cthe truth games\u201d (Foucault in Lubis, 2014: 22); meaning that while the true meaning of \n\nKimi ga Yo\u2019s ancient lyrics is still subject to multiple interpretations, the discourse was \n\nspread heavily among the academics in the era of its formalization. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nFrom the first question, it can be inferred that the underlying factors that \n\ndistinguish the view towards Kimi ga Yo are mainly centered in the aspect of \u2018country\u2019s \n\nrepresentation\u2019 which includes certain duties and responsibilities, as well as whether the \n\nanthem is seen as the Japanese identity or not. Moreover, nowadays Japanese youths \n\ntend to emphasize on the importance of Kimi ga Yo as their kokka without the urgency \n\nto criticize the meaning of its ancient lyrics. Such views can mainly be attributed to the \n\nflexible ethics of the Japanese and their apathy on the meaning of the lyrics. These \n\nfindings eventually show that the discourse against the problematic lyrics of Kimi ga Yo \n\nthat was once peaking among the academics no longer shows a relevancy in the view of \n\nthe nowadays youths, as it does not implicate on their views as the discourse audience. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nAji, R. N. B., et.al. (2018). National Anthem and Nationalism in Football. Advances in \nSocial Science, Education and Humanities Research, 226: 39-42. \n\nBadara, Aris. 2012. Analisis Wacana: Teori, Metode, dan Penerapannya pada Wacana \nMedia. Jakarta: Kencana. \n\nBologna,    Caroline.    2019.    The    History    of    The    National    Anthem    In    Sports    \n(online), https://www.huffpost.com/entry/history-national-anthem-\nsports_n_5afc9bcfe4b06a3fb50d5056, accessed on 20 April 2021. \n\nEatwell, Roger and Wright, Anthony (ed.). 2004. Ideologi Politik Kontemporer. \nYogyakarta: Penerbit Jendela. \n\nFRANCE   24   English.   2008.   Patriotism   in   Japanese   schools   breeds   \ncontroversy   (online), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmCAnyt4aaA, \naccessed on 3 March 2021. \n\nHaryatmoko. 2019. Critical Discourse Analysis (Analisis Wacana Kritis): Landasan Teori, \nMetodologi dan Penerapan. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. \n\nHasegawa, Matsuji. 2005. Kiku to Katana: Nihon Bunka no Kata (Japanese translation of \nBenedict, Ruth. \n\n1946. The Chrysanthemum and The Sword\u2014Patterns of Japanese Cuture). Tokyo: \nKodansha.", "start_char_idx": 20709, "end_char_idx": 23362, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "15994360-3a59-47ed-8982-de5120ac5b86": {"__data__": {"id_": "15994360-3a59-47ed-8982-de5120ac5b86", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "45ccf3c6-217b-4751-9996-4401ebb14164", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "2bce463faddf948ddf88df2ddcaac1a2ef1ec3fd62bd0c9ea3b73a31a0416507", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "30d21c2b-95a0-4c07-b6a2-b9d540acfab1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0a0e96010ca16fd784bf93c9672ad218ba8f3f61e7612c1c954416c1a8fbc973", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n63 \n \n\nHirata, Keiko. 2009. Japanese anthem controversy reflects broader cultural battle over \nnation\u2019s past (online), https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2009/04/japanese-\nanthem-controversy- \nreflects/#:~:text=Kimigayo%20and%20Hinomaru%20have%20long,honor%20th\ne%20emperor's %20long%20rein., accessed on 3 March 2021. \n\nHood,  Christopher.  2001. Japanese  Education  Reform:  Nakasone's  Legacy.   \nUnited   Kingdom: Routledge. \n\nIda, Rachmah. 2014. Metode Penelitian Studi Media dan Kajian Budaya. \nJakarta: Kencana. \n\nIrawan, Prasetya. 2006. Penelitian Kualitatif & Kuantitatif Untuk Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial. Jakarta: \nDepartment of Administrative Science. Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. \nUniversity of Indonesia. \n\nLubis, A. Y. 2014. Teori dan Metodologi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Budaya Kontemporer. \nJakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada. \n\nMarshall,  Alex.  2012.  Why  should  Japan's  teachers  have  to  sing  the  national  \nanthem?  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Pendidikan Sebagai Ideologi Budaya: Mengamati Permasalahan", "start_char_idx": 23367, "end_char_idx": 26137, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "30d21c2b-95a0-4c07-b6a2-b9d540acfab1": {"__data__": {"id_": "30d21c2b-95a0-4c07-b6a2-b9d540acfab1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-101967", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "8bd4a8fe8ac908e4c714a700b991724b130d1345d0fe81e8d3470fc893b66def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "15994360-3a59-47ed-8982-de5120ac5b86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "a57019d21734e3c7598042752e96e92e137799aeaaf9b3dd4b6abd79b8ecb50d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ab205c9b-519d-4a87-a6ce-9b7488ccc1f1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "26e2a29b01eb3d5ce4d0e666c7a5e5d0ab1c35264748d0bf3c7ecf0ae9d56103", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                   May 2023 Vol. 16, Number 2, Page 52-64   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015)  \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n \n \n\n64 \n \n\nPendidikan Melalui Pendekatan Kajian Budaya. Denpasar: Master and Doctoral \nProgramme of Cultural Studies of Udayana University, in association with Sari \nKahyangan Indonesia. \n\nWorld Rugby. 2019. Passionate Japanese anthem v Scotland (online), \nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=p0xjv_Jtfyc, accessed on 3 \nMarch 2021.", "start_char_idx": 26142, "end_char_idx": 26745, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ab205c9b-519d-4a87-a6ce-9b7488ccc1f1": {"__data__": {"id_": "ab205c9b-519d-4a87-a6ce-9b7488ccc1f1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12110", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "hash": "42a3abd8898a5817bc58abfee00099eb5fc8777f865c87344ab33c56aae8323c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "30d21c2b-95a0-4c07-b6a2-b9d540acfab1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-101967", "author": "Shishido, Kumiko; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " NATIONAL ANTHEM SINGING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITIONS: DOES THE DISCOURSE AGAINST KIMI GA YO AFFECT THE JAPANESE YOUTHS?", "date": "2023-05-31", "file": "ecs-101967.pdf"}, "hash": "62395265edf808407eb6fa0d4e6770b767d506114e11722fd870bd0bd14a09a7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "982697d2-eeda-4bad-b089-4c2fe8dc84c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8155c954dfeda7415de086b16e2e71ef21e2db6d86ca279151adfc474ac7ed3a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "SPIRITUALITY OF SALUANG SIROMPAK MUSIC \nIN TAEH BARUAH COMMUNITY, MINANGKABAU\nNil Ikhwan\n\nFaculty of Performing Art\n\nIndonesia Institute of Arts Surakarta\n\nemail: nilikhwan@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\n\nSaluang sirompak is a type of music which has spiritual strength and is performed at Taeh Baruah, Payakumbuh District, Lima Puluh Koto Regency, Minangkabau, West Sumatra. It is performed to bewitch a girl who has humiliated a young man who would like to propose her. This activity is called Basirompak. The Saluang Sirompak  performed in Basirompak is supported by what is called gasiang tangkurak, a chant sung with magic formula and an offering. It is performed at one of the seven tanjungs around Taeh Baruah. The problems of the study are formulated as follows. (1) What is the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music performed at Taeh Baruah, Minangkabau like? (2) What is the spiritual function of the saluang sirompak music performed at Taeh Baruah, Minangkabau?, and (3) what is the meaning and implication of the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music on the customs and traditions and religion of the Taeh Baruah community, Minangkabau? The theory of Deconstruction supported by the theory of Aesthetics and the theory of Semiotics was used in the present study. The data were qualitatively analyzed. \n\nIt was found that the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music caused the people\u2019s mentality and attitude to change. The fact that the activity of Basirompak had never been performed for the last three decades proved this. That indicates that the people living at Taeh Baruah and around it were aware that they should be polite, behave well and have good character, and solve problems, especially the problems related to the friendship between a girl and a young man, amicably.\nKeywords: spirituality, saluang sirompak, and basirompak\nINTRODUCTION", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 1908, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "982697d2-eeda-4bad-b089-4c2fe8dc84c7": {"__data__": {"id_": "982697d2-eeda-4bad-b089-4c2fe8dc84c7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12110", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "hash": "42a3abd8898a5817bc58abfee00099eb5fc8777f865c87344ab33c56aae8323c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ab205c9b-519d-4a87-a6ce-9b7488ccc1f1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "hash": "fd8f85ae5900c6d5b90466ed20a8ffb58a3648b58a85584d6a7ae52e345a0883", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c7ab093d-c141-4545-846f-1f19e8cd7f3c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "00ea6577d9683533fe7e20121db64b77f307385a41289ccc06c23eaf0e6f17c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The life background of the Minang people in West Sumatra has caused the Saluang Sirompak music to be part of the tradition and culture of Taeh Baruah community. This art of music involves the cultural activity which is still performed by the Minang people until now, especially by those living at Taeh Baruah, a small village in West Sumatra. The musical instruments used in the saluang sirompak play important roles in this cultural activity. It has spiritual values and is performed at Taeh Baruah Village and involves a series of spiritual ceremonies. It is basically used to bewitch a girl who acts impolitely to the young man who would like to propose her. From the other side, the girl can be stated to be wrong and can be the target of the cultural activity Basirompak. It is also performed as an amusement. \n\nThe present study was conducted at Taeh Baruah Village, as it is the only village which still performs the saluang sirompak music as part of the Basirompak cultural activity involving a cultural event. In this case, the cultural event which is intended is the mistake in the form of impolite words uttered by a girl to a young man who is extremely frustrated. Being frustrated, the young man then asks the actors of the Basirompak for a favor to bewitch the girl so that she will be seriously mad about him as he does not intend to live together with the girl as a family. The Basirompak also involves the saluang sirompak instruments and gasiang tangkurak such as someone who chants a song, someone who reads the clauses of Al Qur\u2019an, a series of offerings, and a special place of performance referred to as \u201ctanjuang/tanjung\u201d. \n\nBased on what was described above, the problems of the present study are as follows: what is the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music like; what is the spiritual function of the saluang sirompak music, and what is the meaning of the saluang sirompak music to and its impact on the customs and traditions and religion of the Taeh Baruah community, Minangkabau. This present study was intended to understand in depth the form of the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music, its spiritual function, and its meaning to and its implication on the customs and traditions and religion of the Taeh Baruah community, Minangkabau. This present study was expected to enrich and widen the scientific insight of the cultural studies. In addition, it was also expected to help people understand the cultural phenomenon especially the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music. \nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\nThis present study focuses on the phenomenon of the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music which is performed at Taeh Baruah Village, Minangkabau. The application of a scientific method to the practice of research needs a research design which is in accordance with the condition and what is explored. The present study was designed starting from the researcher\u2019s interest in the object which was explored. After being interested in the object which was explored, the researcher searched for the supporting data from books, articles, journals, magazines and internet. This is what is referred to as library research. An interview guide was used in the preset study to collect the data. It was supported by a digital camera, a tape recorder, and a handy cam. The technique of interview used in the present study was the free and guided interview technique. Moleong (1989: 2-12) stated that in the free interview, the informants are free to answer various questions without any binding things which can cause the informants to be inflexible. In this present study, the informants included the actors of the Basirompak cultural activity, the community figures, the village leaders, the traditional leaders, the religious leaders, the victim who was also the witness, the proposing witness, and several people who were highly knowledgeable of the Basirompak cultural activity performed at Taeh Baruah. \n\n\nThe data were analyzed by systematically formulating the results of the observation and interview, and the information obtained from the documents. The data were descriptively and qualitatively analyzed while the study was being conducted through the following stages; data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and conclusion drawing. \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\nThe term saluang sirompak, as discussed in the Introduction section, is made up of two words; they are saluang and sirompak. Boestanoel Arifin Adam (1980: 97) stated thar Sirompak is derived from the word \u201csi\u201d and the word \u201crompak\u201d.", "start_char_idx": 1911, "end_char_idx": 6453, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c7ab093d-c141-4545-846f-1f19e8cd7f3c": {"__data__": {"id_": "c7ab093d-c141-4545-846f-1f19e8cd7f3c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12110", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "hash": "42a3abd8898a5817bc58abfee00099eb5fc8777f865c87344ab33c56aae8323c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "982697d2-eeda-4bad-b089-4c2fe8dc84c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "hash": "ffe1a6b754ae0b0ab66302124309883ef4c58249f06fd7d98d300786a516c9e6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "689db54c-e613-4716-81ac-47afb5650738", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "06f7636843aadfaa8a15d7e57355d5619bf5cd370c1f6929679815cf92ec8eca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The word \u201csi\u201d means the actor of an activity, as exemplified by the word \u2018si-pemukul\u2019 (someone who hits another), \u201csi-penggesek\u201d (someone who rubs something), and the word \u201csi-peniup\u201d (someone who blows something). The word \u201crompak\u201d means opening. In this case, the word \u201crompak\u201d does not mean \u201cmerombak\u201d (tearing something down) but \u201cmembuka hati seseorang yang masih tertutup\u201d (opening someone\u2019s heart which is still close) in love affairs. The term Basirompak is derived from the word \u201cba\u201d and the word \u201cSirompak\u201d. The word \u201cba\u2019 means doing or carrying out something, and the word \u201csirompak\u201d, which then becomes a derivational form \u201cBasirompak\u201d, as stated above, means a spiritual activity using the Saluang Sirompak as the instrument to bewitch a girl so that she will go \u201cmad\u201d.\n\nIn the Basirompak cultural activity, the instruments used consist of the saluang sirombak, gasiang tangkuak, and chants (dendang) containing magic formula as the main element in the Basirompak activity, although the other elements cannot be separated from one another. As far as this performance is concerned, the one which is performed as an entertainment is different from the one which is performed to punish a girl for having humiliated the young man who would like to propose her. If it is performed as part of the Basirompak cultural activity, it is performed at one of the Tanjungs available at Taeh Baruah; however, if it is performed as an entertainment, the place where it is performed is adjusted to the place prepared by the consumers.\n\nThe Saluang Sirompak music is performed for two things; it is performed to bewitch a girl so that she will go mad as part of the Basirompak cultural activity and it is also performed as an entertainment. The current reality shows that the Saluang Sirompak is not only performed to bewitch a girl, but it is also performed as an amusement. As an entertainment, it is usually performed, for example, for the anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of Indonesia, art festival, and other programs as a complement. In the Basirompak cultural activity, each sound or intonation produced by the saluang sirompak, which is supported by the spirits that wait for the holes from which the sounds are produced and consists of the souls of those who are already dead and gins. They can easily influence the victim. The magic formulas, whether they are the main ones or the appealing ones, also support the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music. The appealing magic formula consists of 33 couplets and the main ones consist of 6 couplets. \n\nThe spirituality of the saluang sirompak as the space for the kesenian anak nagari in Minangkabau and at the same time as the art of spirituality of the Taeh Baruah community is not homogenous in nature; several parts which are qualitatively different are interrupted and transformed. The Basirompak cultural activity has given its answers using its spiritual strengths. It has evidenced that whoever has made a mistake, as far as it is related to the relation between a girl and a young man, will be punished through the Basirompak cultural activity. The spirituality of the saluang sirompak music, as part of the Basirompak cultural activity, is related to the Sabana\u2019s opinion that several relevant elements such as souls should be involved. The practice of the Spirituality of the Saluang Sirompak music also involves the God\u2019s creatures that reside in another world such as gins and bad spirits as the partners of the actors who are involved in the Basirompak cultural activity to detect the victim\u2019s position, to see to what extent the victim has made the mistake, and to make the victim go mad and so forth. \n\nIt is necessary to underline that such spirituality appears after the Basirompak activity is performed. Although it needs a very long time, the local people, both the supporting and main actors of the saluang sirompak music, obtain something. From the point of view of those who perform the Basirompak cultural activity, they are able to change the behavior and politeness of the people who used to show that they were highly regarded in the community. However, it will be meaningless if one of their family members is the victim of the Basirombak cultural activity; they will not be highly regarded any longer.", "start_char_idx": 6454, "end_char_idx": 10756, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "689db54c-e613-4716-81ac-47afb5650738": {"__data__": {"id_": "689db54c-e613-4716-81ac-47afb5650738", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12110", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "hash": "42a3abd8898a5817bc58abfee00099eb5fc8777f865c87344ab33c56aae8323c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c7ab093d-c141-4545-846f-1f19e8cd7f3c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "hash": "e2d77fe7db012eb59b7a712d574657124d2dae0fafb3eb162b986c274200018b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e75f4d51-7416-44e2-9bda-a873d45faf8c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f104de13088839d5a11969c49101a3d9bf43204bff1b182c250f7b5ebc81be92", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Now the people are becoming more polite in their behavior; as a result, the things which may lead to the performance of the Basirombak activity will not appear any longer at Taeh Baruah and around it. \n\nIn the present study, it was found that the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music, as part of the Basirompak cultural activity, has caused the people to change their attitude and morality. The fact that the Basiromak activity had not been performed for three decades proved this. That indicated that the Taeh Baruah community and the villages around it were aware that they should have good character and behave politely; they should solve the problems they may have amicably, especially the problems which are related to the friendship  between a girl and a young man. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nViewed from how the saluang sirompak is performed at Taeh Baruah, a change has taken place; it has been used as part of the Basirompak activity which has the spiritual strength to bewitch a girl who has made a mistake. It is performed for girls. The implication is that the Basirompak cultural activity has not been a scaring thing for the girls who always become its target; the Taeh Baruah community is proud of having such a cultural activity; therefore, it is still maintained until now. The finding of the present study was that the spirituality of the saluang sirompak music caused the people\u2019s attitude and mentality to change. The fact that the Basirompak activity had not been performed for three decades proved this. That indicated that the Taeh  Baruah community and the villages around it were already aware that they should have good character and behave politely; they should solve the problems they may have, especially the problems which are related to the friendship between girls and young men, amicably. \n\nIt is suggested to the Taeh Baruah people that they should maintain the spirituality of the Basirompak activity and do their best not to use the spirituality of the Basirompak activity incorrectly.  It is suggested to the observers of arts that they should help the Taeh Baruah people maintain the existence of the saluang sirompak music which is classified as scarce by documenting the repertoire of the songs they have. It is also suggested to the Government of Lima Puluh Koto Regency and the related institutions that they should formally protect the actors involved in the Basirompak cultural activity at Taeh Baruah.\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nThis present study would not have been completed without any support from various parties. Therefore, in this opportunity, the writer would like to thank the supervisors for their guidance, supervision, direction and input for the completion of this dissertation. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nArifin Adam, B. 1980. Saluang dan Dendang. ASKI Padang Panjang: Proyek Pengembangan Institut Kesenian Indonesia.\n\nDirajo, D. S. 1987. Curaian Adat Ala Minangkabau.  Bukit Tinggi: Pustaka Indonesia.\n\nDjohan. 2005. Psikologi Musik. Ed. A. Supratiknya. Yogyakarta: Buku Baik.\n\nDt. Rajo Penghulu, I. H. 1994. 1000 Petatah-Petitih Mamang-Bidal- Pantun-Gurindam Bidang Sosial Budaya, Ekonomi, Politik-Hukum, dan Agama di Minangkabau. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosda Karya.\n\nHadi, Y. S. 2000. Seni dalam Ritual Agama. Yogyakarta : Tarawang Press.\n\nHamka. 1990. Tasawuf Modern. Jakarta: Pustaka Panji Mas.\n\nMoleong, L. J. 1989. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Rosdakarya.\n\nPiliang, Y.A., 2003. Hipersemiotika Tafsir Cultural Studies Atas Matinya Makna.Yogyakarta: Jalasutera.\n\n1", "start_char_idx": 10757, "end_char_idx": 14288, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e75f4d51-7416-44e2-9bda-a873d45faf8c": {"__data__": {"id_": "e75f4d51-7416-44e2-9bda-a873d45faf8c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12111", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "c21c40788a5bed291a5d4055666532d5e2d158d501cbf4926f6e2684129f9f5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "689db54c-e613-4716-81ac-47afb5650738", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12110", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12110.doc"}, "hash": "3a1fd07e9d5d05cebe49c0ebfa4d13fa72516a3f0788d967eb29d1cc6d8a94b7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6f2d379e-6583-4a85-a59b-19d08238e9c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cca86cd0cb517b87c07adc4ee982f6c62bd847e5cce2c121af18156e47c740ff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "DECONSTRUCTION OF TRADITIONAL ART:\nPRESENTATION STYLE OF CENK BLONK LEATHER PUPPET \n\nON DEWATA TV\nI Dewa Made Darmawan\n\nIndonesia Institute of the Arts Denpasar\n\nemail: dmd190259@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\nThe presentation of Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet on Dewata TV, as a cultural phenomenon with a variety of complex problems, has been observed by most people. However, it is still enthusiastically welcome by the lovers of the Balinese leather puppet both in Bali and outside Bali. It seems that they are not aware of some basic changes in the way it is presented on TV. The way in which it is presented on TV is different from the way in which it is presented on the stage. It is such a cultural art which inspired the writer to explore and analyze in depth the way in which it is presented on TV. This study focuses on how the Cenk Blonk leather puppet is presented on Dewata TV to perform the theme \u201cDyah Ratna Takeshi\u201d.\n\nIt was found that the presentation of the Cenk Blonk leather puppet on Dewata TV in its program entitled \u201cPentas Wayang Kulit\u2019 (the Leather Puppet Performance) was the aesthetic presentation in which the elements of the traditional art were mixed with the modern technology medium (television). The material of the presentation of the Cenk Blonk leather puppet on Dewata TV employed the production of Bali Record which had been reprocessed (deconstructed and reconstructed). Advertisements and other materials were added and some parts were edited so that it suited the pattern of presentation and the slot of time during which it was presented. The Cenk Blonk leather puppet presented on Dewata TV was not completed with any accurate text and context. It gave impression that the traditional art was used to \u201cpackage\u201d advertisements and other promotions. The presentation of the Cenk Blonk leather puppet on Dewata TV proved to be able to attract many people, especially the young people. They were made to be addicted to the puppetry art. Before, they were not interested in it.\nKeywords: deconstruction, traditional art, presentation style, leather puppet.\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\n\u201cBadan Sejuk Aktivitas Lancar\u201d (if the body is cool every activity can be fluently done) was the head line of the television advertisement uttered by an actor as what was inserted in the television program entitled \u201cpentas wayang kulit\u201d (leather puppet performance). It was also completed with imaginary words which were clearly shown in the illusion of the movements made by the actors of the angle camera and textual animation which contained the hidden massage of the products advertised on the TV screen. Unconsciously, it entered the mind at once through the eye lens. \n\nThe presentation of the informative and persuasive advertisements on television, which was interestingly packaged with spectacular pictures using picture designing and audiovisual technology showed that the traditional art was used to package a variety of products needed for life. Various types of products, starting from the products primarily needed for daily life to the products needed to enhance identity, washed our brains in such a way that we decided to buy the products which were shown and caught by our eyes every second and minute while we were enjoying the program entitled \u201cPentas Wayang Kulit\u201d (the leather puppet performance). \n\nThe sophistication of the technology of mass media (television) appeared to give opportunities and challenges to the forms of the Balinese traditional art which was adopted as the material presented. The introduction of the Balinese leather puppet such as the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet to Dewata TV was a cultural phenomenon showing that there was a \u201ccollision\u201d between the traditional cultural values (the leather puppet) and the new technology (the medium technology), while the traditional leather puppet was being marginalized. The fact that the Ramayana leather puppet and the purwa leather puppet were scarcely performed proved this.", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 4001, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6f2d379e-6583-4a85-a59b-19d08238e9c0": {"__data__": {"id_": "6f2d379e-6583-4a85-a59b-19d08238e9c0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12111", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "c21c40788a5bed291a5d4055666532d5e2d158d501cbf4926f6e2684129f9f5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e75f4d51-7416-44e2-9bda-a873d45faf8c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "a6e35b74a70757c919327bceae18f723d92f13fc2b3393739a9f0cdb8a2d7b7d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f1bdcc76-8cd3-4e94-9d5c-519f98ac7967", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "40b823b69a92dcca87d541dc3eb0f541d024b8f17699a05f536b063ea478c462", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This present study was intended to understand, discuss, and explain the cultural phenomenon showing that there was a \u201ccollision\u201d between the traditional art and the modern technology. In particular, this present study was intended to analyze in depth how the Cenk Blonk leather puppet was presented on Dewata TV, to identify how the material of the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV was produced, and to interpret the impact and meaning of the material the Cenk Blonk leather puppet presented on Dewata TV.  \n\nIn theory, it was expected that the results of the present study would contribute to the treasure of the cultural studies. In relation to that, it was also expected that the results of the present study would also enrich the sciences which are related to the traditional art presented on television. In practice, it was expected that the results of the present study would give information and motivation to the lovers of the Balinese leather puppet to conduct research on the leather puppet presented on television. \n\n\nIn this present study three theories were used; they are the theory of deconstruction, the theory of hegemony, and the theory of aesthetics. In general, it could be stated that the theory of deconstruction and the theory of hegemony were used to analyze the problems related to the leather puppet presented on television. In particular, it could be stated that the theory of deconstruction was used to analyze how the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet was presented on Dewata TV. The theory of hegemony was used to analyze how the material of the Wayang Kulit Cenk Blonk presented on Dewata TV was produced. Finally, the theory of aesthetics was used to analyze the impact of the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV on the art life and the puppetry in Bali.\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\nThis present study was designed to be qualitative research using phonological approach. It is assumed in the phonological approach that knowledge is not objective and static in nature, but it is interpretative (Mulyana, 2002: 33-34). A social phenomenon is always contemporary in nature; even it is polysemic (multimeaning) in nature; it is still assumed in that way until it is negotiated in order to determine the status of such a social reality.", "start_char_idx": 4005, "end_char_idx": 6278, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f1bdcc76-8cd3-4e94-9d5c-519f98ac7967": {"__data__": {"id_": "f1bdcc76-8cd3-4e94-9d5c-519f98ac7967", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12111", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "c21c40788a5bed291a5d4055666532d5e2d158d501cbf4926f6e2684129f9f5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6f2d379e-6583-4a85-a59b-19d08238e9c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "1a22f61ae8368ed57ad498c8455e108a7853cdb9455555c17f3f696b7affee1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7c2aab36-895f-450c-9720-ddfda7ee7d32", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c9a9c4d0f517185e43de5b8431102bc56721725e7bab00d78436832aa90fbadc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In the present study, qualitative method with phenomenological approach was used as guidance or the working principle, starting from collecting the data, sorting the authentic data through the process of analysis, to explaining the synthesis of the results obtained in order to draw conclusions. All the data presented in the present study were obtained by observing (a)  the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet directly performed at Dalem Temple Serongga, Gianyar; (b) the recorded Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented by Dewata TV. The data were also obtained by interviewing in depth the leather puppet lovers and the puppeteers in Bali. The key informant was I Wayan Nardayana, the puppeteer. The primary data were collected using the observation and interview techniques. The secondary data, as the supporting data, were obtained through the documentary study; the recordings, the pictures, the results of the studies previously conducted related to the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet were learned thoroughly. Qualitative method was used and the data were descriptively, qualitatively, and interpretatively analyzed. The writer narrated, pictured or described the object objectively as it was and interpreted all the information obtained in the field. \nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION\n\nThe results of the study can be described as follows. First, the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV was the presentation of the innovative leather puppet which had been deconstructed through several stages. The implication was that what was not presented was not in accordance with the original, meaning that what was presented was less intact and less unified. Second, the production of the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet was deconstructed through two stages; they are (1) the recording of the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet was deconstructed in such a way that it could be recorded in the form of Vidio Compact Disk (VCD) and (2) the VCD was processed again in such a way that advertisements and the promotion of what was programmed by Dewata TV, bumper in, bumper out, could be inserted in the leather puppet performance before it was presented on Dewata TV. It was the materials which were inserted which degraded the aesthetic values of the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet on Dewata TV. Third, the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV also had socio-cultural, aesthetic, and economic impacts. In addition, it also gave educational meaning, the meaning of preservation and welfare to the puppetry art in Bali. \n\nAs the illustration of the deconstruction and reconstruction of the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV, one episode is presented as in the following table. \n\n\tSegment\n\tEPISODE 1\n\tTime\n\n\t\n\tOpening Program of Dewata TV, Bumper In, Teaser\n\t04\u201901\u2019\u2019\n\n\tI\n\tOpening; Igel Kayonan, Jejer Wayang, Cabut Kayonan\n\nPenyacah Parwa (one part)\n\t09\u201931\u2019\u2019\n\n\t\n\tBumper out, Advertisement, promotional programs\n\t03\u201903\u2019\u2019\n\n\tII\n\tBumper in\n\t00\u201929\u2019\u2019\n\n\t\n\tOpening; Penyacah Parwa (continued)\n\t04\u201929\u2019\u2019\n\n\t\n\tPaguneman (one part)\n\nYudistira is accompanied by Tualen at Bale Paseban\n\t09\u201946\u2019\u2019\n\n\t\n\tBumper out, advertisements, promotional program\n\t02\u201900\u2019\u2019\n\n\tIII\n\tBumper in\n\t00\u201929\u2019\u2019\n\n\t\n\tPaguneman (continued)\n\nKanda Tualen-Merdah\n\t10\u201940\u2019\u2019\n\n\t\n\tBumper out, Advertisements, Promotional Program\n\t02\u201931\u2019\u2019\n\n\tIV\n\tBumper in\n\t00\u201930\u2019\u2019\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\n\t\n\tPaguneman (lanjutan) Bimasena-Ahimanyu\n\nKanda Bimasena \u2013 Tualen, Kanda Bimasena - Abhimanyu\n\t06\u201959\u2019\u2019\n\n\t\n\tCredit tirle, tanjeb kayonan, Bali Record logo, Dewata logo\n\t00\u201949\u2019\u2019\n\n\t\n\tTime of the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet Presentation\n\t41\u201925\u2019\u2019\n\n\n(Source: Tayangan Dewata TV, 17 November 2013).\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nFirst, the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV in the program entitled \u201cPentas Wayang Kulit\u201d (the Leather Puppet Performance) was an aesthetic presentation which mixed the elements of the traditional art and the modern technological medium (television). The leather puppet presentation could be clearly understood using the theory of deconstruction and the theory of aesthetics.", "start_char_idx": 6282, "end_char_idx": 10292, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7c2aab36-895f-450c-9720-ddfda7ee7d32": {"__data__": {"id_": "7c2aab36-895f-450c-9720-ddfda7ee7d32", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12111", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "c21c40788a5bed291a5d4055666532d5e2d158d501cbf4926f6e2684129f9f5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f1bdcc76-8cd3-4e94-9d5c-519f98ac7967", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "f1921e0f3108d52c86c0978f93637576bff7528e55712b8af0e6b599064eb97b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8855dbd8-a4d3-4f33-b810-c39ec31f7d9f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "60692c7dc2f847b77ccff0ce3428fb97036c8605d63e76dbb7eee91e936fc821", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Second, the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV was produced through three stages; they are the preproduction stage, the production stage, and the after production stage. The theory of deconstruction and the theory of hegemony were used to discuss and explain how the material presented was produced. The material presented on Dewata TV was adopted from the production of the Bali Record (which was deconstructed before it was reconstructed). After it was produced, it was edited and then advertisements and other materials were inserted in it in order to suit the pattern of presentation and the time slotted for presentation. The process of deconstruction and reconstruction caused the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV to lose its textual accuracy and context, and to give impression that the traditional art was used to \u201cpackage\u201d advertisements and other promotions. \n\nThird, the Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV had social, cultural, aesthetic and economic impacts and meanings. The social and cultural impact was that the leather puppet presented on television led to less social interaction among the viewers of the leather puppet in Bali. The reason was that the viewers could watch the Leather Puppet performance from their respective home. The aesthetic impact was that the Leather Puppet presented on TV did not reflect an intact performance of the leather puppet, as advertisements, promotions and other messages were inserted in it. The economic impact was that the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV could be used as a promotional medium for the art groups so that they would be well known by the public. \n\nThe meaning of Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet presented on TV was significant enough. It was meaningful from the points of view of preservation, education, and welfare. The fact that the Leather Puppet presented on Dewata TV could attract many people especially the young people proved the meaning of preservation. The young people used to dislike the leather puppet performance. The fact that the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet gave educational messages which were highly needed by the public proved the educational meaning. The educational messages starting from the ethic values to the moral and spiritual values were neatly packaged in the form of fresh jokes. The meaning of welfare could be seen from the fact that being presented on Dewata TV could promote so widely the puppetry art in general and the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet in particular to the public which strengthened the market and increased its selling value. As a result, the group \u2018sekaa\u2019 members became more welfare. \n\nIt was expected that the results of the present study could give new understanding to the lovers of the Balinese puppetry art of the leather puppet presented on television. It was also expected that the results of the study would motivate the Balinese puppetry artists, especially the puppeteers who are interested in performing the leather puppet on mass media to prepare themselves. It is also important for the writer to remind the producer and editor of television programs of being more careful in processing the materials of the traditional art which will be presented on television especially the Balinese leather puppet. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT  \n\nThe writer owed many parties for the completion of this article. Therefore, in this opportunity the writer would like to thank and highly appreciate Prof. Dr. I Wayan Dibia, SST.,MA., Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Kutha Ratna, S.U., Prof. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, M.S., Ir. I Nyoman Artha (the Director of Dewata TV), Yudith Erawathi (the Programmer and Producer of Dewata TV), I Gede Arimbawa (the Senior Editor of Dewata TV), Tugung Prabuwana (Activation/producer of Dewata TV), and I Wayan Sutawan, S.Sn. (the former producer of Dewata TV. The writer would also like to thank I Wayan Nardayana (the puppeteer of the Cenk Blonk Leather Puppet), I Ketut Muada (the puppeteer of the Leather Puppet of Joblar ABG), I Made Nuarsa (the puppeteer of the Leather Puppet of D\u2019Karbhit). \nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAbdullah, Irwan. 2006. Konstruksi dan Reproduksi Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.\n\nAminuddin. 2002. \"Pendekatan Pasca-Struktural: Jacques Derrida\". Dalam Analisis Wacana dari Linguistik Sampai Dekonstruksi. Yogyakarta: Kanal.\n\nBaudrillard, Jean P. 2004. Masyarakat Konsumsi.", "start_char_idx": 10296, "end_char_idx": 14655, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8855dbd8-a4d3-4f33-b810-c39ec31f7d9f": {"__data__": {"id_": "8855dbd8-a4d3-4f33-b810-c39ec31f7d9f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12111", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "c21c40788a5bed291a5d4055666532d5e2d158d501cbf4926f6e2684129f9f5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7c2aab36-895f-450c-9720-ddfda7ee7d32", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "b64096dabeb15b3f8d3913ae2f3e3293fa1e19d4a7cae87d4a8c2bd44e4b2a5b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "37a5f708-ee6d-4896-9be7-36a05010b4ef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e63bf636a13de5ce3f279e97cbe4ee004dec269f3046ccac5d958bbf0ec7e7e3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Baudrillard, Jean P. 2004. Masyarakat Konsumsi. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.\n\nBungin, Burhan. 2001. Imaji Media Massa Konstruksi dan Makna Realitas Sosial Iklan Televisi dalam Masyarakat Kapitalistik. Yogyakarta: Jendela.\n\n______. 2008. Konstruksi Sosial Media Massa: Kekuatan Pengaruh Media Massa, Iklan Televisi dan Keputusan Konsumen serta Kritik terhadap Peter L. Berger & Thomas Luckmann. Jakarta: Kencana.\n\nBurton, Graeme. 2008. Yang Tersembunyi di Balik Media.Yoyakarta:  Jalasutra.\n\nDarmawan, I Dewa Made. 2014. \u201cTayangan Wayang Kulit Cenk Blonk di Dewata TV dengan Lakon \u201cDyah Ratna Takeshi\u201d, disertasi, Program Doktor, Program Studi Kajian Budaya, Universitas Udayana.\n\nDedy, Djamaluddin Malik (Ed).1997. Hegemoni Budaya. Yogyakarta: Bentang Budaya.\n\nKasali, Renald. 1995. Manajemen Periklanan: Konsep dan Aplikasinya di Indonesia. Jakarta: Grafiti.\n6", "start_char_idx": 14608, "end_char_idx": 15467, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "37a5f708-ee6d-4896-9be7-36a05010b4ef": {"__data__": {"id_": "37a5f708-ee6d-4896-9be7-36a05010b4ef", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12112", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "hash": "1dc1052bdbb696ab8c1e3a60daa376292f866f223e30a5a9a1f27b8ced59a44a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8855dbd8-a4d3-4f33-b810-c39ec31f7d9f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12111", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12111.doc"}, "hash": "d7f6172261c0877863e8904a6f69841202937f5e0d74eb140f972a6150e7e5d2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e897b687-0501-49b6-a63b-e66b776fb02d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9c25d7eeebe1a6bbfb552e603f9248dbe36d4acdfde12530d66c8a9805d7c3b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\n\nLIFE STYLE OF RENTED LAND OWNERS IN UBUD SUBDISTRICT\nA.A. Gde Putra Pemayun\n\nFaculty of Economics \n\nNational University of Education, Denpasar \n\nemail: putra.pemayun@gmail.com\nABSTRACT\n\n\nThis present study was intended to analyze the Life Style of the Rented Land Owners at Ubud Subdistrict. The problems of the study are formulated as follows: (1) what is the characteristic of the rented land owners at Ubud Subdistrict like? (2) How has the process of life style of the rented land owners at Ubud Subdistrict  taken place? And (3) what is the implication of the life style of the rented land owners on their lives? Qualitative method was employed in the study. The data were processed using observation, interview and documentary techniques. \n\n\nThe workability of the law regulating the demand for land at Ubud Subdistrict motivated the land owners to rent out their land to investors. Apart from that, the internal dimension, which is made up of the economical capital, was the most important element as it could activate small, medium and big enterprises. Another aspect was image which was reflected through perception, cognition, motivation, and attitude of individuals as consumers. As an illustration, they built luxurious houses and showed off luxurious cars to show the image that they were new wealthy people. On the other hand, there was external dimension, namely, the highly rapid development of tourism, which could positively and negatively contribute to the life style of the people living at Ubud Subdistrict. Such an implication could not be avoided. The other aspect was consumerism; the consumers were around the symbol and sign. Mass media were the miracles of the object liturgy; pleasure was defined as the realization of freedom, and the human body was the main object of consumers. The last aspect was the government\u2019s policy which determined that Ubud Subdistrict was a tourist destination. As a result, the local people had the opportunity to rent out their land which was used to expand the industry of tourism and to activate the other economic enterprises. \nKeywords: life style, hedonist, consumerism, image.\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nThe rapid spread of the globalized culture to Ubud area has caused the capitalistic ideological practices within the framework of the industry of tourism such as cultural industry, popular culture, life style and the culture of consumerism to appear. Land, as a production factor, has been commercialized and touristified as an adaptive form in order to follow what is desired by tourists. Such an adaptation represents capitalism and globalized tourism which contributes to new meaning and color. The conversion of the land function as a consequence of globalization and expansion of tourism cannot be avoided. The workability of the law regulating the demand for land at Ubud Subdistrict has motivated the land owners to rent out their land to investors. As they do not intend to run any business, the rent they receive is only spent on their daily needs. By renting out their land which is relatively wide enough, they receive money which is supposed to be able to change their life style. \n\n\nThis present study was intended to understand the characteristic of the rented land owners at Ubud Subdistrict, the factors causing their life style to change, and to identify the implication of their life style on their lives. It was expected that the results of the present study could be used as a reference when issuing policies regulating life style. In addition, it was also expected that the results of the study would give contribution in the form of ideas to the rented land owners at Ubud Subdistrict that their life style would change following the era development.\n\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\n\nInterpretative and qualitative method was employed in the present study. Interpretative and qualitative method produces descriptive data in the forms of written and oral words and expressions and behavior of those that are explored (Moleong, 2002). The data were collected through observation guided with an interview guide, library research and supporting documents. In this study, the data were verified and analyzed using a number of theories such as the theory of hierarchy of needs proposed by Maslow, the theory of life style, and the theory of social practice proposed by Bourdieu. They are all classified as the social critical theory. \n\nDISCUSSION\n\n\nThe results of the study showed several things as follows. If viewed from the ownership point of view, as far as the function of land which cannot be separated from the temple system is concerned, land importantly functions to maintain the social and religious binding which has taken place since a very long time ago (Bagus, 1996). However, after the local people rented out their land, they competitively followed the modern life, meaning that after they rented out their land, their life style changed.", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 4965, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e897b687-0501-49b6-a63b-e66b776fb02d": {"__data__": {"id_": "e897b687-0501-49b6-a63b-e66b776fb02d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12112", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "hash": "1dc1052bdbb696ab8c1e3a60daa376292f866f223e30a5a9a1f27b8ced59a44a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "37a5f708-ee6d-4896-9be7-36a05010b4ef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "hash": "70eebbfac418b3bf8869a354c4eb34fd3fb7317b5b6fb6adecb366f3bd5b7683", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2fa11699-62cd-4af1-9834-0e4b7033750a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "827d35f547a236a3c6a0fd4384b8f6f54b5e333a42e659f6027a09f916fb6656", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Their families became individual families that considered that materialism was a series of the main belief that ownership of land was important in their lives. Materialism was measured by how much wealth was obtained (Goode, William, 2006). On the other hand, the communal families were still controlled by the old costumes and traditions. The relations within the families and communities owning the rented land were highly strong at Ubud Subdistrict. The reason was that they were bound to the social organization which was formed based on the costumes and traditions.\n\nAnother important aspect was education. Education is investment. It had rapidly developed and was believed by every family that the development in educational sector highly determined the growth of the other developmental sectors. After they received the rent of the land, they continued their studies to the institutions of higher education in Bali and outside Bali as they had a lot of money. Viewed from the aspect of income, income is the total earning received by every individual in a family owning the rented land at Ubud Sub district for his/her daily, weekly, monthly and yearly performance for a certain period of time (Sukirno, 2006). After renting out the land, they received the rent and salaries as they also worked as employees. Their social statuses varied and this could lead to conflicts. After they rented out their land, they could spend the money they received to enhance their social statuses. Finally, money played an important role in making modernization interfere with the family life, meaning that money was used to guarantee that they could perform their social and spiritual activities. \n\nViewed from the internal aspect, the process of change in life style included three aspects as follows. The economic capital aspect; capital was an economic source outside human resources. Capital, including land, in this case, was viewed as the non human economic source. The economic capital was the most important element as it activated the small, medium and big business activities. Capital should always be available in every domain. The value which was provided with capital was connected to various characteristics of social and cultural habitus (Hardyatmo, 2003). In this case, capital was considered  the dominating basis which could be exchanged for with the other types of capitals. The other aspect was competition; competition took place if several parties desired that something would be the center of the public attention. The competition of reinvestment which took place among the rented land owners; they competitively constructed villas. The competition in life style among the rented land owners could be seen from the fact that there were more and more luxurious cars parked in the front yards of their respective houses. The other aspect was image; image was the picture which was constructed through perception, cognition, motivation and attitude taking place in every individual consumer. For example, building luxurious houses and showing off luxurious cars constituted the image of new wealthy people. Power was the context of social life, meaning that what was reflected from the image through the process of simulation could be directed to the constituent to trust what was being imaged before him/her as a reality. Actually, image is part or one of the models of simulation (Baudrilland, 1998). \n\nAnother aspect which was also important was tourism; Ubud Village is a unique tourist destination which has to be visited by the tourists visiting Bali. They feel that there is something missing if they do not have the opportunity to visit Ubud Village. Globalization was also an important aspect. The discourse of globalization, as a process, was marked by the so rapid development of technology and sciences that they had been able to change the world fundamentally. International communication and transportation caused the cultural boundaries of every nation to disappear (Warsono, 2007). The culture of every nation tended to be globalized and the world\u2019s culture; as a result, all human beings were involved. Consumerism was another aspect; the consumer community was around the symbol and sign. The mass media became miracles of the object liturgy; leisure was defined as the realization of freedom, and the human body was the main consumer object. Actually, consuming was a common activity. However, when the present study was conducted, it was recognized that the families owning the rented land did not only consume but they were also caught in the culture of consumerism (Pilliang, 2011). The government\u2019s policy could not be neglected; the Act issued by the Bali Province No. 16 of 2009 concerning the Space Layout of the Bali Province, determined that the tourist areas could be divided into three; they were Nusa Dua, Kuta and Ubud, where tens of star and non star hotels and other forms of accommodation were constructed.", "start_char_idx": 4966, "end_char_idx": 9918, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2fa11699-62cd-4af1-9834-0e4b7033750a": {"__data__": {"id_": "2fa11699-62cd-4af1-9834-0e4b7033750a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12112", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "hash": "1dc1052bdbb696ab8c1e3a60daa376292f866f223e30a5a9a1f27b8ced59a44a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e897b687-0501-49b6-a63b-e66b776fb02d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "hash": "4be4f153268358cf930e3cf9bbcab81e294a642481a515b43ce40f9aa9ff00b8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f4f4ba2b-e459-4111-a0af-3a8ccb8a9e72", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "034faac36c41eb2f292ac946a4aa5a845f64a44401596b620468d9e25b1e791d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The implications of the life style of the rented land owners seemed to vary if viewed from five aspects and from the aspect of the pattern of their inter relations and intra relations. Before their land was rented out,   their relations were very close. However, after their land was rented out, their involvement and interaction with their social environment tended to be loose, even in every type of family relation. The development of pragmatism in their families was another aspect. In pragmatism it is taught that a thought follows an action. The education of pragmatism is always temporary in nature; the objective is the medium of acting. Pragmatism only acknowledges the truth if it can be evidenced scientifically. If one objective is already achieved, the result which is achieved is used as a means of achieving the next objective, and so forth. The reason is that pragmatism does not have any final objective; what is available is the objective which is in between. The formation of a new identity was another aspect; the developments of life style are related to one another through institutional reflectivity.  After their land was rented out, the wealthy families owning the land held what is called \u2018arisan\u2019 (regular social gathering whose members contribute to and take turns at winning an aggregate sum of money) to form a new identity. In addition, a socialite community, as what has happened in big cities, was established. Spontaneously, the socialites established a new cultural identity.", "start_char_idx": 9921, "end_char_idx": 11431, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f4f4ba2b-e459-4111-a0af-3a8ccb8a9e72": {"__data__": {"id_": "f4f4ba2b-e459-4111-a0af-3a8ccb8a9e72", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12112", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "hash": "1dc1052bdbb696ab8c1e3a60daa376292f866f223e30a5a9a1f27b8ced59a44a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2fa11699-62cd-4af1-9834-0e4b7033750a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "hash": "08b5ce1a72a55e0e422e1c55da607bcb59615a32ed40889231d32c6efead8d83", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "79d67d59-6fde-46af-b888-a316575c28cb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7c79a187c3ded16c7c39d3133cf3e82c1fd150ad0b6d9d1d8187ab7a4a016ff3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Spontaneously, the socialites established a new cultural identity.\n\n\nEconomic rationalism was another important aspect. Rationalism is a view which views that mind is the source of knowledge and justification. It is a teaching that refers to the principle that mind should be provided with a main role in giving clarification. The rational economic action was an action which was performed by the rented land owners at Ubud Subdistrict to fulfill what they needed based on their rational attitude and economic principle. In relation to the equality of gender, it was identified that the ladies had recognized that they had equal rights and obligations within and outside their families. The empirical evidence showed that the role played by the ladies in leadership was getting wider. However, attempts are necessarily made to make the ladies more powerful in the development of education in the future so that their involvement in the public affairs would be getting more evident. Without any special treatment, the ladies would not have the access to the protection and differentiation in the structure of the patriarchal community. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nThe interference of the capitalistic strength in the companies available at Ubud Subdistrict caused the families owning the rented land to change their life style, from the traditional life style into the modern life style. Having adequate amount of money, they changed the function of their money. Initially, money was intended to be a means of exchange, but then it was also used as a means of creating image in various forms featuring modernity. They had interacted in depth with the modern life resulting from the development of tourism. However, many families owning the rented land still maintained the traditional life style, meaning that modernization and globalization did not fully caused the pattern of traditional life to disappear in the families owning the rented land at Ubud Subdistrict. \n\nAs a suggestion, the figures or those who are considered being culturally exemplified by the Ubud community should be aware that their life style is rapidly imitated by the people living around them. The Ubud royal figures and the apparatus of the government of Ubud Sub district should be aware that the families owning the rented land at Ubud Sub district was searching for a model to follow in their daily lives. They were searching for new values and norms resulting from the shift in life style, from the traditional life style to the modern life style and even postmodern life style. It should be recognized that such a shift greatly affected the life condition of the families owning the rented land.\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like thank Head of Ubud Sub district, heads of all the banjars at Ubud Sub district, the informants, the Library of the Cultural Studies of Udayana University, and everybody who has contributed to the completion of this study.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nBagus. I Gusti Ngurah. 1996. \u201cMasalah Tanah dalam Prubahan Sosial\u201d, makalah pada Seminar Fenomena Permasalahan Tanah Adat, Dan Budaya (Bali), diselenggarakan oleh YLBH-BLH. 27 Januari 1996 di Denpasar.\n\nBaudrillard, Jean.1998. The Consumer Society: Myth and Structures. London: Sage Publisher. Hal, 69.\n\nGoode, William J. 2006. Sosiologi Keluarga. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. \n\nHardyatmoko. 2003. Membaca Pikiran Boerdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. Cetakan ketiga. \n\nMoleong, Lexy J. 2002. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakaya.\n\nPemayun, A.A. Gde Putra. 2014. \u201dGaya Hidup Masyarakat Pemilik Tanah Sewa di Kelurahan Ubud\u201d, disertasi, Program Doktor, Program Studi Kajian Budaya, Universitas Udayana.\n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2011. Dunia yang Dilipat, Tamasya Melampaui Batas-batas Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra edisi ketiga.\n\nSukirno, Sadono. 2006. Makro Ekonomi Teori Pengantar. Jakarta: Rajawali.\n\nWarsono. 2007. \u201cGlobalisasi dan Perubahan Budaya\u201d, jurnal.", "start_char_idx": 11365, "end_char_idx": 15308, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "79d67d59-6fde-46af-b888-a316575c28cb": {"__data__": {"id_": "79d67d59-6fde-46af-b888-a316575c28cb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12113", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "hash": "28ee21bcfa0d56e6a5eae487a6ea7b38af7187bc93b400ddadc10fb3f7bece15", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f4f4ba2b-e459-4111-a0af-3a8ccb8a9e72", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12112", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12112.doc"}, "hash": "5ea195c2bd8e5ccb44ed7135784d47fd01e1f4ce337160dcadb1357b6f04c0b0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8f34c88c-6749-4b00-ad5d-34b73be0c581", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a7b6f02bc8524066276983ad22ea5d663c2e4c3168cbd830d8f3e8a157e53706", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESISTANCE OF FISHERMEN AND TOURIST PRACTITIONERS TO DEVELOPMENT OF CRAB, GROINT, AND WALK WAY ALONG BEACHES LOCATED IN SANUR AREA, DENPASAR, BALI\nI Nyoman Winia\nDepartment of Tourism\n\nBali State Polytechnics \n\nemail: winia_pnb@yahoo.com \n\nABSTRACT\n\n\nThis study is to comprehend the resistance of fisherman community and tourism practitioner in the development of crab, groint, and walk way system in Sanur beach region, Denpasar, Bali. This research concerns on the real field with an emphirical character approach which relates to the resistance of fisherman community and tourism practitioner that is still highly  bubling. Lately, there has been an abrasion from the sea water which resulting to the damage of the coastal line structure. \n\nResults of the research indicated that: (1). The resistance of fisherman community and tourism practitioner in the development of crab, groint, and walk way system in Sanur beach has been meant as the occurrence of the conflict of interests between investors where the fisherman community and tourism practitioner are sacrified. (2). The causing factors of the resistance of fisherman community and tourism practitioner are due to the command for farm depletion in Sanur beach region by local government authority was without having a good socialization; the development of the tourism accommodation facilities by the investors exploited the farm of fisherman community and tourism practitioner; and also the loss occurred on the community members from the lateral impact incurred by the development of the crab, groint, and walk way system in Sanur beach region. (3). This community resistance has impacted the physical environment, social life, culture, and economy as well as the felt meaning in: the prosperity meaning, religion, politics and community psychology.\n\nKeywords: resistance, community, investor, crab, groint, and walk way system.\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nBeaches, as one of the tourist attractions in Bali, have been recently threatened by abrasion. The beaches which are located in Sanur area have been so damaged by abrasion that attempts have been made by the government to overcome it as a consequence the reclamation of Serangan Island. One of the attempts already made by the government to minimize the impact of the marine current is building the system of crab, groint, and walk way along the beaches located in Sanur area. Many people agreed and many others disagreed with such a construction as it had not been well socialized. Initially, the fishermen and tourist practitioners did not understand it and, therefore, they resisted it. This present study focuses on the resistance of the fishermen and tourist practitioners to the construction of the system of crab, groint, and walk way along the beaches which are located in Sanur area. The resistance was shown by disturbing the initial process of the construction. \n\nBased on the background described above, the objectives of the present study are to identify the form of the resistance shown by the fishermen and tourist practitioners along the beaches which are located in Sanur Area, the factors contributing to the resistance shown by the community, and the impact and meaning of the construction of the system of crab, groint, and walk way in the beaches located in Sanur Area.\n\nIn theory, it was expected that the results of the present study would enrich the socio-cultural sciences, especially the science which is related to the people\u2019s resistance to the construction of the great project of the system of crab, groint and walk way along the beaches located in Sanur Area. In practice, it was expected that the results of the present study would be taken into account by the government when issuing any policy which regulates the construction of great projects along the beaches located in Sanur Area. It was also expected that the results of the present study would motivate the cultural observers to develop tradition, culture and environment. Apart from that, it was also expected that the results of the present study would contribute to the management and use of the beaches located in Sanur Area by the community, investor and government as part of the solution to the capitalistic impact on the industry of tourism in the current globalization era. \nRESEARCH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4342, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8f34c88c-6749-4b00-ad5d-34b73be0c581": {"__data__": {"id_": "8f34c88c-6749-4b00-ad5d-34b73be0c581", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12113", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "hash": "28ee21bcfa0d56e6a5eae487a6ea7b38af7187bc93b400ddadc10fb3f7bece15", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "79d67d59-6fde-46af-b888-a316575c28cb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "hash": "1649a5814f5fcf6eb009a94183d196ded417880924c0484b07bd346b51be6d47", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a97fd961-c7ee-4858-ae28-53c4a94e9232", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f98c979a5d331a6bba1ec45cf540ce73737d3d71fbc7ca1be0b6dffd9b61c149", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Qualitative method was used in the present study. It is commonly used to reveal community life, history, behavior, social movements, kinship relations, socio-economic condition, way of thinking and community\u2019s belief. \n\nThis present study was conducted at the beaches located in Sanur Area where there are two traditional villages; they are Sanur Kauh Village and Sanur Kaja Village under one sub district, namely, Sanur Sub district. There are 25 banjars (banjar = the smallest neighborhood under a traditional village) in the two traditional villages. Among them, only some were purposively chosen; they are Banjar Tanjung, Banjar Blanjong, Banjar Semawang, Banjar Betngandang, and Banjar Batujimbar. Those banjars were chosen as the locations where the present study was located for the reason that international tourist activities such as Sanur Village Festival, Bali Open, and Asian Beach Games are usually performed there. In addition, most of their residents were either elementary school or junior high school graduates. Apart from that, the environment had not been well organized, their beaches were still dirty, and they had many new comers who did not have permanent jobs.\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION\n\n\nFrom the present study, it was identified that the fishermen and tourist practitioners showed their resistance to the construction of the system of crab, groint, and walk way at the beaches located in Sanur Area by closing the beaches where the project would be constructed, blocking the accesses to the beaches, confiscating and detaining the heavy tools used, throwing stones at the vehicles used in the project, and destroying every material used for the project. Apart from that, their resistance was also shown by reporting the project to the traditional and government apparatus, although, finally, it was known that they obtained no satisfactory solution. The reason was that both the traditional and government apparatus were unfortunately involved in the project. As they obtained no satisfactory solution, the local people who formed several groups were bridged by the local non government organization to file a claim to the Government of Denpasar City and the Government of Bali Province. However, they did not obtain any satisfactory clarification either. As a result, they became apathetic towards the government by getting passive and quiet. Such an action was shown by paying no attention to what was instructed by the Government and the Traditional and Official Apparatus. As some illustrations, they did not empty the space which should have been emptied for the project; they did not take part in voluntary labor services; they did not take part in issuing permits; they did not attend the meetings held related to the project. In short, the local people did not take part in every governmental program.\n\nThe factor contributing to the local people\u2019s resistance was that what was constructed by the government at the beaches located in Sanur Area was evaluated to be improper. The reason was that what was repeatedly constructed by the government was always unsuccessful. Furthermore, it damaged the beaches. As far as the construction of the system of grab, groint and walk way was concerned, it had not been well socialized by the government. Consequently, the local people showed their resistance as the government was considered inconsistent in organizing the Sanur Area. Initially, it was informed that the project would not destroy the places where the local people did their activities to earn their living; however, finally, it turned out that the project relocated them. The situation was made to be getting worse as there was no alternative location prepared by the government, traditional villages, and administrative village; as a result, many local people were jobless.\n\nThe system of crab, groint, and walk way which had been constructed, with which many local people agreed and many others disagreed, turned out to be meaningful to the local people. Environmentally, the sandy beaches located in Sanur Area became wider again as the waves were avoided by the groint. In addition, the waves were broken by the crab, and the public area was separated by the walk way where the people could enjoy the beaches. The socio-economic impact was that being well organized, the beaches located in Sanur Area attracted investors and tourists. As a result, the local people who had capital and could make use of the opportunity could make run businesses in transportation, water sports, marine tourist services, and trading. However, those who were not innovative and had no capital would not have anything to do; they would be jobless and relocated; they would become viewers in their own area. Psychologically, they would be traumatic as they were not able to anticipate the change in paradigm. Culturally, the traditional culture would become extinct; nobody would use traditional canoes as they were replaced by the motor boats made up of fiber.", "start_char_idx": 4345, "end_char_idx": 9325, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a97fd961-c7ee-4858-ae28-53c4a94e9232": {"__data__": {"id_": "a97fd961-c7ee-4858-ae28-53c4a94e9232", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12113", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "hash": "28ee21bcfa0d56e6a5eae487a6ea7b38af7187bc93b400ddadc10fb3f7bece15", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8f34c88c-6749-4b00-ad5d-34b73be0c581", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "hash": "d9d22909a9b132c98037c9515130051743d73198b715d319bf9998c06d9afb7d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "96a01fde-f4ac-40c1-b691-887bc1bcfc2d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6ef5cb286440b841dab50c9496af406d2f475df1548fed6ac70f1e9dd6dd6524", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In addition, the culture of going to the beach for pilgrimage would not be seen any longer as not all the beaches could be used as the places where such a ritual could be performed; all the beaches were used for tourist enterprises. However, those who were able to make use of the opportunity to make adaptations to the beach which was well organized could increase their income. In addition, religiously, the development also contributed to the protection of the areas where the temples such as Merta Sari Temple,  Dalem Pangembak Temple, and Pesambyangan Temple are located  from the raging of the waves. However, the government had thought about that the arrangement of the beaches located in Sanur Area using the system of crab, groint, and walk way which  would cause the areas of the beaches to be wider, and inspire the investor to come again to invest their money in Sanur Area. The fact that PT. Sanur Dinamika Mentari and PT Restu Maharani decided to invest their money in Sanur Area proved this, although the spaces where they invested their money was disputed by the local people. In addition, the inconsistency in preserving the culture and ritual could be clearly seen, resulting from modernization in various aspects as the impact of the construction of the system of crab, groint, and walk way along the beaches located in Sanur Area. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTON\n \n\nFrom what was described above, it could be concluded that there was physical and non physical resistance shown by the fishermen and tourist practitioners to the construction of the system of crab, groint, and walk way along the beaches located in Sanur Area. The physical resistance was shown by destroying the heavy tools used in the construction of the great project of the system of crab, groint, and walk way, and closing the accesses to the project. The non physical resistance was shown by being quiet, as every form of physical resistance which had been shown failed. The factors leading to the resistance shown by the fishermen and tourist practitioners to the construction of the system of crab, groint and walk way were that the project had not been well socialized before the permit was issued by the government of Denpasar City through the traditional and administrative villages to reorganize the beaches located in Sanur Area  and to build accommodations, the government\u2019s inconsistency, and alternative location where the local people would be relocated had not been prepared. The development of tourism in Sanur Area in the current globalization era affected and was meaningful to the local people as they gradually changed their professions from being marginalized as fishermen to being involved in tourism; finally, many worked as tour guides escorting tourists to Serangan Island and Lembongan Island.  On one hand, the construction of the system of crab, groint and walk way along the beaches located in Sanur Area benefited many people; on the other hand, it also inflicted many others. The project inflicted the traditional fishermen with their wooden canoes, and benefited those who served tourists using their fiber glass canoes.\n\nIn accordance with the objectives of the study, the targets which were aimed at by the researcher are as follows. The results of the study are open to criticism. It is suggested to other researchers that they should conduct further research with different topics and problems. The results of the study are also open to further analysis so that the construction of the system of crab, groint, and walk way along the beaches allocated in Sanur Area will be more critically and theoretically analyzed. It is also suggested that the results of the present study should be used as input for the investor, government, hotel owners, fishermen, tourist practitioners, and the policy makers at the village or sub district, district, and city/regency levels, and for the executive and legislative bodies so that such a construction may be used to support tourism in Sanur Area. Apart from that, the results of the present study may also contribute to the development and discipline of the cultural studies, and may also be used as a reference to welcoming tourists to Bali province in general and Bali in particular. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nThe writer would like to thank e-journal of the cultural studies for publishing this article. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAdnyana Manuaba. 1998.\u201dStrategi Pariwisata yang Berdimensi Kerakyatan\u201d. Bali : Majalah Ilmiah Pariwisata Universitas Udayana.\n\nAgger, Ben. 2003. Teori Sosial Kritis Kritik, Penerapan dan Implikasinya. Yogyakarta:  Kreasi Wacana..\n\nArdika, I Gede. 1999. Konsep Pembangunan Jakarta Panjang dalam Pembangunan Pariwisata Bali.", "start_char_idx": 9326, "end_char_idx": 14017, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "96a01fde-f4ac-40c1-b691-887bc1bcfc2d": {"__data__": {"id_": "96a01fde-f4ac-40c1-b691-887bc1bcfc2d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12113", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "hash": "28ee21bcfa0d56e6a5eae487a6ea7b38af7187bc93b400ddadc10fb3f7bece15", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a97fd961-c7ee-4858-ae28-53c4a94e9232", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "hash": "46c07a5f5f948773635ccd989b14a50f34dd9fb0e93d868fe3426d99e1c99b7c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "02b927a0-92ad-4622-b903-d83de540b488", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d56de84072c308482c79cf5625b3b15e17c85813a412b32a646db361c5002f61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Konsep Pembangunan Jakarta Panjang dalam Pembangunan Pariwisata Bali. Makalah dalam Seminar Pariwisata Berkelanjutan menurut Perspektif Orang Bali. Denpasar : Pusat Penelitian Kebudayaan dan Kepariwisataan Universitas Udayana Bekerja sama dengan Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Bali.\n\n -------. 2005. \u201dStrategi Bali Mempertahankan Kearifan Lokal di Era Global\u201d dalam Putra, Dharma& Sancaya, Windhu, ed. Kompetensi Budaya Dalam GloBalisasi. Denpasar: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Udayana dan Pustaka Larasan.\n\nBarker. 2004. Chris. Cultural Studies. Yogyakarta : Kreasi Wacana.\n\nFoucault, Michel. 2002. Power Knowledge. Wacana Kuasa/ Pengetahuan. Yogyakarta: Bentang Budaya.\n\nJenning, Paul. 2009. Report on Resistensialism. Media internet id.wikipedia org. Diakses, 12 November 2009.\n\nRitzer, George. 2004. Teori Sosial Postmodern, Juxtapose research and publication study club, diterjemahkan oleh Mohammad Taufik. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.\n\nRitzer, George dan Douglas J. Goodman. 2011. Teori Sosiologi Modern (Dialihbahasakan oleh Alimandan). Jakarta : Kencana. \n\nRoger Simon. 2004. Gagasan-Gagasan Politik Gramsci, (edt) Mansour Fakih. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.\n\nWinia, I Nyoman. 2014. \u201dResistensi Masyarakat Nelayan dan Pelaku Pariwisata dalam Pembangunan Sistem Crab, Groint, dan Walk Way di Wilayah Pantai Sanur, Denpasar, Bali\u201d, disertasi, Program Doktor, Program Studi Kajian Budaya, Universitas Udayana.\n7", "start_char_idx": 13948, "end_char_idx": 15356, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "02b927a0-92ad-4622-b903-d83de540b488": {"__data__": {"id_": "02b927a0-92ad-4622-b903-d83de540b488", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12114", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "hash": "c74f222ea6233e14969587c00a457bc1ebb0196a07a27f9b966dee83a8da7d81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "96a01fde-f4ac-40c1-b691-887bc1bcfc2d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12113", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-01-05", "file": "ecs-12113.doc"}, "hash": "9aba3deff9e370a10f819f119a0a6f4804eaf719cbeeb2d6c66ed161eac86136", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2847c8d8-5b63-4abd-befd-c7be80e50e84", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d85fb70b71842158690036d8e3805e7bc80d0ec9c40a57842e9366cc3f002322", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "DISCOURSE OF QUALITY EDUCATION\nIN PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN DENPASAR CITY\n\nI Nengah Narsa\n\nPublic Junior High School 12 Denpasar\n\nemail: inyomannarsa@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\n\nThis present study was conducted to understand the discourse of quality education in Public Junior High Schools in Denpasar City. The study focused on the discourse of quality education in the practice of enrollment of new learners, the implementation of \u2018Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan\u2019, and the implementation of the National Final Examination in Public Junior High Schools in Denpasar City. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively and interpretatively. The theory of discourse of power/knowledge, the theory of social practice, and the theory of School-based Management were eclectically used in the present study.\n\n\nThe results of the study showed that, first, the practice of the enrollment of new learners \u2018Praktik Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB)\u2019, Educational Unit-based Curriculum \u2018Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP)\u2019, and the National Final Examination \u2018Ujian Nasional (UN)\u2019 which tended to neglect the principle of School-based Management (MBS) and the school autonomy had led to the discourse of quality education in Public Junior High Schools \u2018Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMPN)\u2019 in Denpasar City; second, the ideology which was referred to in the discourse of quality education which was related to PPDB, KTSP and UN in public junior high schools in Denpasar City was the liberal ideology which was based on rationalism, individualism and commercialism; third, the discourse of quality education in public junior high schools in Denpasar City had theoretical implication, namely, there was an expectation to reinforce the ideology of critical-cultural education and to establish the paradigm of political policy which supported the attempt made to realize quality education. \n\nKeywords: Discourse, quality education, ideology, school autonomy.\nINTRODUCTION \n\nFormal education is perpetually developed in order to produce intact Indonesian people. The quality of education can be viewed from the educational process and the educational outcome. The educational process is considered excellent if all the educational components are involved in it. The factors which determine the educational process are various types of input such as the learning materials, methodology, school equipment, administrative support, facilities and infrastructure, and atmosphere which is conducive to the educational process. However, the educational quality within the context of the educational outcome refers to the achievement achieved by a school within a certain period of time.\n\nFormal education which is provided at school seems to lead to debates. The enrollment of new learners, the curriculum implementation, and the national final examination lead to debates. On one hand, the protest expressed by the public, the polemics which is related to \u201cthe bad educational system\u201d frequently exposed on the mass media expresses the public disappointment with the educational system which has been implemented so far. On the other hand, such polemics also positively expresses what is desired by the public and the government to have quality education. Three problems are discussed in the present study. They are (1) what is the discourse of quality education like in the practice of the enrollment of new learners, the implementation of \u2018Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan\u2019 and the National Final Education in Public Junior High Schools in Denpasar City?; (2) what ideology is referred to in the discourse of quality education which is related to the practice of the enrollment of new learners, the implementation of \u2018Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan\u2019 and the National Final Education in Public Junior High Schools in Denpasar City?, (3) what is the implication of the discourse of quality education as an attempt to realize quality education in Public Junior High Schools in Denpasar City?\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\nThis dissertation research was designed to use qualitative method with the approach of cultural studies. Qualitative method is strongly relevant to the research in cultural studies which is interdisciplinary in nature. The general approaches which are applied to cultural studies are ethnographic approach, textual approach, and the approach of reception (Barker, 2005: 35-45). \n\nThe data were collected from 12 Public Junior High Schools in Denpasar City using the techniques of participatory observation, in depth interview involving 29 informants, and focused discussion group involving the competent stakeholders. The data which were collected were qualitatively and interpretatively analyzed. The theory of discourse of power/knowledge, the theory of social practice and the theory of School-based Management theory were eclectically used in the study.\n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4930, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2847c8d8-5b63-4abd-befd-c7be80e50e84": {"__data__": {"id_": "2847c8d8-5b63-4abd-befd-c7be80e50e84", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12114", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "hash": "c74f222ea6233e14969587c00a457bc1ebb0196a07a27f9b966dee83a8da7d81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "02b927a0-92ad-4622-b903-d83de540b488", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "hash": "890634a2cfacf5b5cd4a4596f3121012e3dbcfc9298a6775810271f08279a920", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "426ad0db-7e00-41c8-b4c6-16b02f21d7e1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2fc324655fa06e06c60520bf3ad6f2c68127e0912ed6c69c9f89ce9c1eac00a4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The practice of the enrollment of new learners \u2018Praktik Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB)\u2019, the implementation of the Educational Unit-based Curriculum \u2018Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP)\u2019 and the National Final Examination \u2018Ujian Nasional (UN)\u2019 which were not in accordance with the National Educational Standard \u2018Ujian Nasional Pendidikan (SNP)\u2019 led to the discourse of education in Public Junior High Schools \u2018Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri (SMPN)\u2019 in Denpasar City. The policy and practice of PPDB, KTSP and UN tended not to pay attention to the principle of MBS and the school autonomy. The practice of PPDB in SMPN in Denpasar City was not in accordance with the accommodating capacity and the preparedness of the school human resources. The principles of the enrollment of new learners \u2018PPDB\u2019 which should be objective, transparent, accountable, not discriminative and competitive have been applied; however, they were disgraced by the practice of manipulating \u201cevidence of achievement\u201d and the practice of illegal payment during the process of the enrollment of new learners in Junior High Schools in Denpasar City.\n\nThe policy of KTSP implemented from 2006 to 2012 was centrally developed and was not in accordance with the school autonomy and the principle of KTSP as the school-based curriculum. In practice, KTSP was identical to the Competency-based Curriculum \u2018Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK)\u2019 previously implemented. The four pillars determined by UNESCO in KTSP, namely, learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live together were not consistently implemented. The teachers in SMPN in Denpasar City were heavily loaded. The learning hours were relatively allocated, causing the learning process in the classroom to tend to take place in the form of monologue. The teachers only had time to present the theoretical aspect only; they did not have time to give examples and practices related to the material substance of the lessons provided. \n\nThe practice of UN, which was determined by the central government, could be joined by the learners in SMPN in Denpasar City with satisfactory outcome (academic achievement); in 2012, for example, 90.90% of the learners could pass the UN. However, the outcome achieved by the learners of SMPN in Denpasar City was evaluated not to be able to reflect the academic achievement they achieved. In addition, it could not be used to measure the educational progress in Bali. The UN still caused the learners to \u201cbe sacred\u201d and to shift their learning orientation, meaning that what they had expected was finishing their studies quickly and obtaining certificate of completion of study. Based on the principle of MBS and school autonomy, the UN, which was still centrally implemented, should be reviewed. It was expected that the school had the right to determine who could successfully complete their studies.\n\nThe policy and practice of education was based on a particular ideology. The ideology which was referred to in the discourse of quality education, especially the ideology which was related to PPDB, KTSP and UN in SMPN in Denpasar City, was the ideology of liberal education. In general, the liberal ideology was based on rationalism, individualism and commercialism. Rationalism could produce the learners who gave priority to the rational way of thinking, individualism could contribute to the individual free competitive behavior and pragmatic nature of the learners, and commercialism could stimulate the practice of educational commercialism, marked by the appearance of outside school educational courses. The learners who came from the rich families had more opportunities than those coming from the poor families to join such courses. In this case, educational liberalism could directly and indirectly contribute to a socio-economic gap between the learners coming from the rich families and those coming from the poor families, and between the learners of SMPN in Denpasar City and those of the private junior high schools.", "start_char_idx": 4933, "end_char_idx": 8968, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "426ad0db-7e00-41c8-b4c6-16b02f21d7e1": {"__data__": {"id_": "426ad0db-7e00-41c8-b4c6-16b02f21d7e1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12114", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "hash": "c74f222ea6233e14969587c00a457bc1ebb0196a07a27f9b966dee83a8da7d81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2847c8d8-5b63-4abd-befd-c7be80e50e84", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "hash": "715ff42c28d42ca6ce2f0587c31d74600051ace6c1e1ef9496655566e3a0f51a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ebd78e19-9036-44a8-b734-43c31d194a08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d6947d273d634d63192e7bd66119643be8c6468e1a38b46a7e6385b655522a47", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Such a socio-economic gap might potentially weaken social integration. Education developed into a practice of business which was not in accordance with the real vision and mission of education, namely, producing the Indonesian people who were highly competent and had the character which was in accordance with the state cultural values. It is necessary to develop education to produce intelligent people as intended in the preamble of the 45 Constitution, namely, producing \u201cintact people\u201d. The educational process shifted the educational world to various forms of degradation, problems, and popularity as the basic values of commercialism (Widja, 2007: 80). It was true that the liberal-capitalistic educational ideology tended to produce learners with pragmatic character, and directed learners to be the people who would be more potentially prepared to enjoy and use, rather than to create and trigger the hidden (latent) potentials the learners might have (Widja, 2009: 36). \n\n\nThe discourse of quality education in SMPN in Denpasar City had both theoretical and practical implications. The theoretical implication included (a) an attempt to shift the basic ideology of education which was liberal and capitalistic to the ideology of education which was critical and cultural  and highly supported the principles of justice, equality, democracy, humanity  and education which sharpened the mentality of the nation; (b) the establishment of the paradigm of political policy which supported the attempt made to create quality education, namely, the educational paradigm which was decentralist, populist, holistic, and integrative, and the establishment of the mission of educational culture. The practical implication included the attempt made to strengthen the school autonomy in SMPN in Denpasar City in order to realize quality education and to form intelligent and competitive Indonesian people. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION  \n\nFrom the present study, several conclusions could be drawn. First, the discourse of quality education in SMPN in Denpasar City resulted from the practices of PPDB, KTSP, and UN which were not in accordance with the National Standard of Education \u2018Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP)\u2019. The policy and practices of PPDB, KTSP and UN tended to neglect the principles of MBS and school autonomy. \n\nSecond, the ideology which was referred to in the discourse of quality education which was particularly related to PPDB, KTSP and UN in SMPN in Denpasar City was the ideology of liberal education which was based on rationalism, individualism and commercialism. Rationalism could produce the personalities which gave priority to logics or the rational way of thinking; individualism could trigger the pattern of free competitive behavior and cause the learners to have pragmatic character; and commercialism could lead to the practice of educational commercialism. \n\n\nThird, the discourse of quality education in SMPN in Denpasar City had theoretical implication; it shifted the foundation of educational ideology to the educational ideology which was critical and cultural and established the paradigm of political policy which supported the attempt made to create quality education. The discourse of quality education in SMPN in Denpasar City also had practical implication, which included the implementation of MBS as an attempt to create effective school, the maximization of the management of school facilities and infrastructure, the recruitment of teachers and improvement of their capacities, the improvement of the quality of extracurricular and intracurricular learning processes, the establishment of the public participation and the school funding. Apart from that, it was necessary to strengthen the school autonomy in order to produce competitive and intelligent Indonesian people.", "start_char_idx": 8972, "end_char_idx": 12792, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ebd78e19-9036-44a8-b734-43c31d194a08": {"__data__": {"id_": "ebd78e19-9036-44a8-b734-43c31d194a08", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-12114", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "hash": "c74f222ea6233e14969587c00a457bc1ebb0196a07a27f9b966dee83a8da7d81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "426ad0db-7e00-41c8-b4c6-16b02f21d7e1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "hash": "ff8a4eb0b588a32ceeea64e047477fe744fdb9ccfba42da424b7df9218a43bbe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e055b6c3-1f2b-44e3-9953-f57163e723ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d0bd46662f47cc58895e6f3d3afafcc94268b90c57c867bfd6359d517130302f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The attempt made to develop quality education in SMPN in Denpasar City was a complicated problem, as it could not be separated from the matters pertaining to ideology, politics, educational policy and bureaucracy, and their implementations. Therefore, it is suggested that quality education should be perpetually developed in junior high school from the perspective of cultural studies.  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nThe writer was supported by many parties. Therefore, in this opportunity, the writer would like to thank and highly appreciate Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Darma Putra, M.Litt. as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Cika, M.S., as co-supervisor 1, and Dr. I Gede Mudana, M.Si. as co-supervisor 2 for their valuable supervision and input; otherwise, this writing could not have been realized. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nBarker, Chris. 2005.  Cultural Studies. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.\n\nFoucault, Michel. 1980. Power/Knowledge;Selected Interviews and Other Writings. Brighton: Harvester.\n\nHarker, R - C. Wilkes-Cheelen Kahar (eds). 2005. (Habitus x Modal) + Ranah = Praktik, diterjemahkan dari An Introduction to the Work of Pierre Bourdieu: The Practice Theory. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.\n\nNarsa, I Nyoman. 2014. Diskursus Pendidikan Berkualitas Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri di Kota Denpasar\u201d, disertasi, Program Doktor, Program Studi Kajian Budaya, Universitas Udayana.\n\nO\u2019Neil, William F. 2001. Ideologi-Ideologi Pendidikan . Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.\n\nTilaar, H. A. R. 2003. Kekuasaan dan  Pendidikan, Suatu Tinjauan dari Perspektif Kultural. Magelang. Indonesia Tera.\n\nUnesco.  2000. The Dakar Framework for Action. Dakar: The World Education Forum, Unesco.\n\nWidja, I Gde. 2009. Pendidikan Sebagai Ideologi Budaya, Suatu Pengantar ke Arah Pendidikan Kritis. Denpasar: Program Magister (S2) dan Program Doktor (S3) Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.\n\n-----. 2007. Membangun Kembali Jiwa Pendidikan Dalam Sistem Persekolahan Kita (Satu Tinjauan Cultural Studies), Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, No. 1 Th. XXXX Januari 2007: 74-87.\n\nUndang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.", "start_char_idx": 12796, "end_char_idx": 14939, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e055b6c3-1f2b-44e3-9953-f57163e723ec": {"__data__": {"id_": "e055b6c3-1f2b-44e3-9953-f57163e723ec", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15752", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "hash": "95cb565b3be6a74f9c2cc9e8a3a2cbbcf5e6ec494b000e122c55393e4d6bb5f1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ebd78e19-9036-44a8-b734-43c31d194a08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-12114", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-02-25", "file": "ecs-12114.doc"}, "hash": "b2170b4966ca24532358711819270404f6a49e01cc2d33a289165a03e74bc4db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1a7cbb28-a393-42b2-ba1e-819e5b8c090b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "05f57cf66b82e6ae54398878a9da0acb3c4b8f5279b62c253eb30839a8b663f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "SPIRITUALITY OF GENDANG RITUAL OF DEATH PERFORMED BY THE KARO ETHNIC PEOPLE IN THE GLOBALISATION ERA\nPulumun Peterus Ginting\n\nI Nyoman Kutha Ratna\n\nI Made Suastika\n\nI Wayan Dibia\nUniversitas Negeri Medan\n\nemail: pulumun@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\nThe gendang ritual of death, which is performed by the Karo ethnic people, has changed a lot in regard to its spirituality in the globalization era. Such  change, which has caused the gendang ritual of death to be secularized, results from the interaction between the local cultural elements and the global cultural ones; meaning that a new form and meaning have appeared. This present study is intended to identify, analyze and explain what such  change is like, the factors contributing to it and its implication. This present study was designed as a qualitative study using the critical interdisciplinary and multidimensional approach of cultural studies. The theory of deconstruction, the theory of comodification, and the theory of semiotics were used to answer such questions. The data were analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and interpretatively. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, documentary study, and library research. \n\nThree conclusions were inferred from the present study. First, the form of the change in spirituality of the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people in the globalization era; second, the factors contributing to such change; third, the meaning of such change. The study shows that the interaction between the local culture and global culture has marginalized the local cultural values; as a result, such a ritual has a new meaning, and is becoming degraded and secularized. \nKeywords: Spirituality, gendang ritual of death, Karo ethnic group, and globalization era\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\nThe Karo ethnic people have many types of rituals in their culture. The gendang ritual of death is one of the rituals which is importantly performed by the Karo ethnic people. This present study contains the result of analysis of a cultural reality which has taken place in the Karo society in the globalization era. Such change which has caused the gendang ritual of death to be secularized results from the interaction between the local cultural elements and the global cultural ones; as a result, a new form and meaning have appeared.\n\nAs far as the perspective of cultural studies is concerned, a study should raise an empirical field reality which is related to the matters pertaining to the cultural globalization (Lubis, 2006: 186). The traditional musical equipment, which is referred to as gendang lima sedalanen, as one of elements of the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic group, has been replaced by keyboard, meaning that, on one hand, there has been degradation, and on other hand, there has been secularization. This represents the fact that the Karo ethnic people\u2019s spirituality has interacted with the modern rationality (Ginting, 2015: xii). To this end, this present study discusses the spirituality of the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people in the globalization era. \n\nThis present study is intended to identify what the change in spirituality of the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people is like; understand the factors contributing to such change; and to interpret the meaning of such change in the spirituality of the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people, and interpret the meaning of such  change in the globalization era viewed from the cultural treasure of its supporting community. It is expected that the result of the present study will be theoretically and practically significant. In theory, it is expected that the result of the present study will give contribution not only in regard to cultural studies but also more than that. In practice, it is expected that the result of the present study will give comprehension, enlightenment, and emancipation which can be used to improve the socio-cultural condition through a scientific process. In addition, it is also expected that the result of the present study will give concepts to the government as to what to do when excavating the local cultural values. \nRESEARCH METHOD   \n\nThe qualitative method using the approach of cultural studies which is critical, interdisciplinary, and multidimensional in nature was used to answer the problems of the study. The data were obtained through library research, documentary study, field observation, and in-depth interview (Ratna, 2010: 84).", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 4605, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1a7cbb28-a393-42b2-ba1e-819e5b8c090b": {"__data__": {"id_": "1a7cbb28-a393-42b2-ba1e-819e5b8c090b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15752", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "hash": "95cb565b3be6a74f9c2cc9e8a3a2cbbcf5e6ec494b000e122c55393e4d6bb5f1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e055b6c3-1f2b-44e3-9953-f57163e723ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "hash": "3a46f8c80128c3a181730efca4706b62c50d90358e92b0307524d250cdf655c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d93a725c-dbb3-464d-8daf-74a32e06cad1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ac491939730fbfc10cceac937c63be5bcc4ff1b4404bffb1202647c17dda3468", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "After the data were verified, the data were analyzed using several relevant theories such as the theory of deconstruction, the theory of ethnomusicology, the theory of comodification, and the theory of semiotics. \nDISCUSSION\n\nThe findings of the present study include three things. First, the change in the spirituality of the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people in the globalization era includes (a) the form of gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people, which reveals that death is a real life, that in death there is a life, and that in a life there is death; (b) the form of the gedang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people includes the Karo ethnic people\u2019s cosmology; (c) the form of what is locally referred to as landek (dancing), which includes traditional landek and ceremonial landek; (d) form of what is locally referred to as nuri-nuri (advice); (e) the form of what is locally referred to as ngandung (cry); (f) the form of what is locally referred to as rende perkolong-kolong (singing); (f) the form of keyboard and trumpet. \n\nSecond, the factors causing the spirituality of the gendang ritual of death to change in the globalization era are (a) the internal factors which include the fact that the supporting community of the gendang ritual of death is not narrowly viewed and not only limited to the graphical territory and genealogy, but the Karo community is viewed as a community within a social organizational community, wherever its member lives. The artistic creativity which is involved in the gendang ritual of death is an accumulation of the creative way of thinking of the Karo ethnic people from year to year. The Karo identity, which is closely related to the economic, political and cultural factors and practices, is at the same time their cultural identity. (b) The external factors which include Christianization, which has given ambivalent impression and has caused the Karo ethnic people\u2019s spirituality to be cracked (Sembiring, 2010: 89). Then there has been a pressure from the foreign culture which has caused the Karo ethnic people to become the standardized community of commodities. The cultural industry cannot be separated from the development of the consumer society, namely, the society\u2019s life which refers to a social condition in which consumption is the central point of life (Piliang, 2004: 251). The cultural industry is one of the external factors which contribute to the gendang ritual of death.\n\nThird, the meaning of the change in spirituality in the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people in the globalization era includes (a) the representation of the Karo ethnic people\u2019s society through what is locally referred to as gendang lima sedalanen which functions to accompany the music, and the dance which is performed in the gendang ritual of death as \u201csomething which glues\u201d all elements of the ritual. In addition, it is also used during the death procession, which contains various messages and expectations for the families of those who are dead. The meaning of the relation between the \u201cgendang lima sedealanen\u201d, both as an instrument and the musical sound it produces, cannot be separated from the kinship system in the Karo ethnic society; (b) the representation of the Karo ethnic people\u2019s society through what is locally referred to as landek (dancing) which includes traditional landek and ritual landek; a movement is defined as a symbol which functions as the Karo ethnic society\u2019s philosophy; (c) the representation of the Karo ethnic people\u2019s identity through what is locally referred to as nuri-nuri (advice); it indicates that the families of those who are dead is sad; respect is also expressed through nuri-nuri to what is locally referred to as kalibumbu; (d) the representation of the Karo ethnic people\u2019s identity through what is locally referred to as ngandung (cry); showing condolence and, at the same time, strengthens the families of those who are dead, expressed through cries; (e) the Karo ethnic people\u2019s identity through what is locally referred to as rende (song) which is frequently used in the traditional rituals which are performed by the Karo ethnic people especially if someone is dead; (j) the representation of the Karo ethnic people\u2019s identity through what is termed as gendang keyboard and the representation of the Karo ethnic people\u2019s identity through trumpet; the meaning also includes the cultural change.\n\nThe novelties of the present study are as follows.", "start_char_idx": 4606, "end_char_idx": 9139, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d93a725c-dbb3-464d-8daf-74a32e06cad1": {"__data__": {"id_": "d93a725c-dbb3-464d-8daf-74a32e06cad1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15752", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "hash": "95cb565b3be6a74f9c2cc9e8a3a2cbbcf5e6ec494b000e122c55393e4d6bb5f1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1a7cbb28-a393-42b2-ba1e-819e5b8c090b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "hash": "557c9e7b6f3191f58b7978591548b404dabcff477f856e3574baba22902bb0d7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c8ee3be1-65b0-4576-ba91-65698fbefdad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2aa0a89eef88e79adf4a0ccab8a57252fa36811c2440bbb4e450e0c7091ff749", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The novelties of the present study are as follows. First, the oral tradition of the gendang ritual of death shows that spirituality functions as the basic values and commitment of the Karo ethnic people when they perform the rituals which they are supposed to perform. Second, modernization and globalization, which has been unconsciously believed not to dominate, turn out to marginalize and degrade the local tradition. This present study reveals what has really taken place in the field, meaning that hegemony takes place based on the consensus and agreement collectively made. And third, the definition of the gendang ritual of death should be redefined.\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\n\nIt can be stated that death is a real life; in death there is a life and in a life there is death. The spirituality of the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people in the globalization era is getting degraded and secularized, resulting from the internal and external factors. This present study significantly strengthens identity. Such identity strengthening is represented by the identity of the Karo ethnic people through the representation of gendang lima sedalanen (ensambel music karo). This present study is open to criticism; it is open to further research so that various dimensions of the spirituality of the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people in the globalization era can be more critically and theoretically analyzed. The result of the present study can also be used to develop and enrich the cultural studies, and as an important reference containing the creativity of the Karo ethnic people in particular, and those who live in North Sumatera Province, and Indonesia in general in art. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank the Rector of Udayana University, and Director of School of Postgraduate Studies for the opportunity and facilities provided to the writer to join the Doctorate Program of Cultural Studies of Udayana University. The writer would also like to thank Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Kutha Ratna, S.U. as the supervisor; Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U. and Prof. Dr. I Wayan Dibia, SST., M.A., as co-supervisors for their supervision and advice during the completion of this present study. Finally, thanks are also expressed to all the other parties for helping the completion of this study. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nAdlin, Alfahri (ed.). 2007. Spiritualitas dan Realitas Kebudayaan Kontemporer.  Yogyakarta:  Jalasutra.\n\nBarker, Chris. 2004. Cultural Studies Teori dan Praktik. (terj. Nurhadi). Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.\n\nBerry, Thomas. 2013. Kosmologi Kristen. (terj. Amelia Hendani). Maumere: Ledalero.\n\nCooley, Frank L. 1976. Tim Penelitian GBKP, dan Staf Proyek Survei Menyeluruh DGI, Benih Yang Tumbuh IV, Suatu Survei Mengenai Gereja Batak Karo Protestan. Jakarta: LPGI.\n\nDibia I Wayan, F.X. Widaryanto dan Endo Suanda. 2006. Tari Komunal. Jakarta: Lembaga Pendidikan Seni Nusantara.\n\nGinting, Pulumun P. 2015. Spiritualitas Upacara gendang Kematian pada Etnik Karo di Era Globalisasi  Disertasi Doktor S3 Kajian budaya Universitas Udayana.\n\nGriffin, David Ray. 2005. Visi-Visi Postmodern Spiritualitas dan Masyarakat (terj. Gunawan Admiranto). Yogyakarta: Kanisius.\n\nHoed, Benny H. 2008. Semiotika dan Dinamika Sosial Budaya. Jakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Universitas Indonesia.\n\nLubis, Akhyar Yusuf. 2006. Dekonstruksi Epistemologi Modern: dari Posmodernisme, Teori Kritis, Poskolonialisme hingga Cultural Studies.  Jakarta: Pusaka Indonesia Satu (PIS).\n\nKipp, Rita Smith. 1976. The Ideology of Kinship in Karo Batak Ritual. Degree of Doktor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh.", "start_char_idx": 9089, "end_char_idx": 12767, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c8ee3be1-65b0-4576-ba91-65698fbefdad": {"__data__": {"id_": "c8ee3be1-65b0-4576-ba91-65698fbefdad", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15752", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "hash": "95cb565b3be6a74f9c2cc9e8a3a2cbbcf5e6ec494b000e122c55393e4d6bb5f1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d93a725c-dbb3-464d-8daf-74a32e06cad1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "hash": "7ad48114f5f5648bba93e6aeb62fde29a6d1150c088867b4aa30e87664bac871", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "52e967bf-1fe9-426d-8f2a-58320620f119", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a3f7e6fbb3819d4f2e3b9fb01ded4fb0f026b61651ce0bd23c3f06b48d424d04", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Degree of Doktor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh. \n\nMerriam, Alan P. 1964. The Anthropology of Music, Chicago: Northwestern University Press.\n\nNakagawa, Shin. 1999. Musik dan Kosmos Sebuah Pengantar Etnomusikologi. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.\n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2003. Hipersemiotika Tafsir Cultural Studies Atas Matinya Makna. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.\n\nPrinst, Darwan. 2004. Adat Karo.  Medan: Bina Media.\n\nPudentia, MPSS (ed). 2008. Metodologi Kajian Tradisi Lisan.  Jakarta: ATL\n\nRatna, Nyoman Kutha. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kajian Budaya dan Ilmu Sosial Humaniora Pada umumnya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.\n\nSembiring, Norita N. 2010. Ambivalensi Hubungan Terjajah dan Penjajah dalam Kristenisasi di Tanah Karo, Sumatera Utara. Dalam Budiawan (ed.) Ambivalensi Post-kolonialisme Membedah Musik sampai Agama di Indonesia.  Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. Hal. 73-92.\n\nSingarimbun, Masri. 1975. Kinship, Descent and Alliance Among the Karo Batak. USA: California University Press.\n\nSuastika I Made. (ed.). 2008. Isu-isu Kontemporer Cultural Studies. Denpasar: CV Bintang Warli Artika.\n\nTamboen, P. 1952. Adat-Istiadat Karo. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.\n\nWeber, Max. 2006 Etika Protestan dan Spirit Kapitalisme. (terj. Utomo TW, Yusup Pria Sudiarja). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.\n\nYusuf, Iwan Awaluddin. 2005. Media, Kematian dan Identitas Budaya Minoritas. Yogyakarta: UII Press.", "start_char_idx": 12711, "end_char_idx": 14095, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "52e967bf-1fe9-426d-8f2a-58320620f119": {"__data__": {"id_": "52e967bf-1fe9-426d-8f2a-58320620f119", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15753", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15753.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15753", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15753", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15753.doc"}, "hash": "25d4e19e4903eb6ef23d8602cfd657a62105baceea12af84d9fe83e16314981f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c8ee3be1-65b0-4576-ba91-65698fbefdad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15752", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15752.doc"}, "hash": "7f79233061de0667f5ae4502e22ac495d9428daf269d37c0f7fc2b1a8ba0d7e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "504308b3-397f-4065-b6e2-6d80fdd435e3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6e94ecf1ce8c1fab2986bf182cf3efc661fc816ba7fa4374df2431aebc8d179a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "COMMODIFICATION OF TUTURANGIANA ANDALA RITUAL \nPERFORMED BY COMMUNITY OF FISHERMEN,  \nBAUBAU CITY, MAKASAR ISLAND, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE\nSyahrun\n\nAA Ngurah Anom Kembara\n\nI Wayan Cika\n\nPutu Sukarja\n\nemail: syahrun_antro@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\nTuturangiana andala ritual is a tradition of floating offerings which have been performed from generation to generation by the community of fishermen in Makassar Island. It used to be simply performed; however, being commodified, it had been performed more lively than before. The government of Baubau City had modified it; everything had been transformed into commodities. The problems arised were analyzed using the theory of semiotics, the theory of rites, and the theory of discourse of power and knowledge. The data were obtained through interview, observation, and documentation.\n\nThe result of the study shows: first, the process of commodification could not be separated from the process of production, the process of distribution and the process of consumption of the tuturangiana ritual. What was produced for the performance of the tuturangiana andala ritual was the place where it was performed, the things needed for the offerings, the clothing, the dance and the music instrument. The commodified tuturangiana andala ritual was distributed through media and direct communication. It was consumed by the people living in Makassar Island and the local government for tourism. Second, the commodified tuturangiana andala ritual contained (1) the philosophical meaning, (2) the economic meaning, (3) the political meaning, (4) the cultural conservation. Third, the commodified tuturangiana ritual affected the components of the social cultural system of the community of fishermen in Makassar Island such as the common ideology, religion, art, politics, social stratification, technology, economy, and ecology. \nKeywords: commodification, ritual, tuturangiana andala, community of Makassar Island.\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nThe tuturangiana andala ritual is a tradition of floating offerings which has been performed from generation to generation by the community of fishermen in Makassar Island, Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The objective is that the ruler of the nature will give the fishermen a lot of fish and that they will be saved from the danger resulting from the sea. \n\n\nThe tuturangiana andala ritual has been commodified by the Government of Baubau City. Its performance involves many parties such as the people living in Makassar Island, the city government through related institutions and entrepreneurs. Its performance has been much commodified. The modernization process through the highly capitalistic development might be responsible for the commodification process. According to Barker (2004: 408), comofication is a process which is associated with capitalism in which an object, quality and sign are used as commodities. A commodity is everything which is produced for sales in the market. \n\nThe performance of the tuturangiana andala ritual has been more lively performed and has the selling value. According to Adorno and Horkheimer, this is referred to as cultural commodification (Agger, 2006: 179). Furthermore, Maunati (2004: 245) stated that cultural commodification is a process of packaging and selling cultural objects such as performances and people\u2019s various life styles. The FPPM performance has been expected to give a lot of benefit. The government has expected to attain a lot of benefit from the FPPM performance; the government has also used the event as a means of promoting the local potential to those coming from other parts of the world. \n\nThe problems of the study are formulated as follows. (1) What the process of the commodification of the tuturangiana andala performed by the people living in Makassar Island ritual was like, (2) how the people living in Makassar Island defined the commodified tuturangiana andala ritual, and (3) what was the impact of the commodified tuturangiana andala ritual on the socio cultural system of the people living in Makassar Island.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4118, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "504308b3-397f-4065-b6e2-6d80fdd435e3": {"__data__": {"id_": "504308b3-397f-4065-b6e2-6d80fdd435e3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15753", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15753.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15753", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15753", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15753.doc"}, "hash": "25d4e19e4903eb6ef23d8602cfd657a62105baceea12af84d9fe83e16314981f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "52e967bf-1fe9-426d-8f2a-58320620f119", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15753", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15753.doc"}, "hash": "750f12aab193a8f82fb57b697c546fd8ac8cd24c19a951c96e456d8ec9d5ec09", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7c83d443-f415-488b-9944-c38c9de520e9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6b0451f4f45a05b149260c3f10f6f296e767a25e9d7c61f14414592da3686e90", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In particular, this present study is intended to (1) identify the process of the commodification of the tuturangiana andala ritual performed by the people living in Makassar Island, (2) identify how the people living in Makassar Island defined the commodified tuturanginana andala ritual, and (3) interpret the impact of the commodified tururangiana andala ritual on the socio-cultural system of the people living in Makassar Island. In theory, it is expected that the result of the present study can enrich sciences logically, especially the sciences which are related to the local people\u2019s culture. The theory of semiotics, the theory of rites, and the theory of discourse of power and knowledge were used to answer the problems of the study. \nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\nThe qualitative method was used in the present study. The result of the analysis is descriptively presented. Garna (1999: 32) stated that the qualitative approach is featured by the objective of a study which attempts to understand any phenomenon in such a way that it does not need any quantification; in other words, it cannot be accurately measured. Kirk and Miller in Moleong (2003: 3) define that a qualitative study is a tradition in social sciences which is fundamentally dependent on what is observed, and which is related to people. The study was conducted at Sukanaeyo Subdistrict and Liwuto Subdistrict, Kokalukuna District, Baubau City. The data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation.\n\nDISCUSSION\n\n\nThe novelties of the study are as follows. First, the commodified tuturangiana andala ritual is an asset of culture tourism which contributes to the economy of the people living in Makassar Island. According to Fairclough (1995: 207), commodification is a process in which the social domains or institutions do not only pay attention to what products which will be sold but also how such products are socialized and conceptualized; how such products are produced, distributed and consumed. The three main things which are related to the commodification of the tuturangiana andala ritual are: first, what was commodified as far as the tuturanginan andala ritual is concerned included the place where it was performed, the offerings, clothing, and the music equipment; they were all commodified so how it was performed was different from how it had been performed before. The commodified tuturangina andala ritual was distributed through media and direct communication; when and where it was performed was widely spread; as a result, so many people knew it. Third, the commodified tuturangiana andala ritual was consumed by the people living in Makassar Island and was consumed by the local government for tourism. \n\nSecond, the meanings which the commodified tuturangiana andala contained are (1) the philosophical meaning; philosophically and basically, the tuturangiana andala was performed to free human beings from any possible dangers; it symbolized the awareness of the horizontal macrocosmos, that is, the human appreciation to the ruler of the nature. (2) Socially, the tuturangiana andala ritual could improve social relationship and brotherhood, and could tighten the family relationship among the local people. (3) Economically, the commodified tuturangiana andala ritual could increase the local people\u2019s income. In addition, it could also help promote the local products produced in Makassar Island such as the traditional woven fabric which could be traded when the Makassar Island Festival was conducted, when the promotional stands could be opened where the ritual was performed. (4) Politically, the commodified tuturangiana andala ritual could be defined as an arena of image for the governmental, political and religious elites. The governmental elites and political elites are used to maintain the political power of the candidates of the legislative members and the candidate of the mayor. They all come to the location where the tuturangiana andala is performed. It is the arena where they socialize and introduce themselves to the public. Similarly, the religious elites use the ritual as the arena for strengthening themselves so that they are still highly respected as they are supposed to have worldly and spiritual knowledge. The religious leaders are one of the society\u2019s components who are considered being able to direct the people\u2019s viewpoints. The reason is that they are highly influential and are trusted by the society. (5) Culturally, the commodified tuturangiana andala ritual contributes to the conservation of the culture in Makassar Island; it is still conserved and revitalized and can be continuously bequeathed to the next generation.", "start_char_idx": 4122, "end_char_idx": 8800, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7c83d443-f415-488b-9944-c38c9de520e9": {"__data__": {"id_": "7c83d443-f415-488b-9944-c38c9de520e9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15753", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15753.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15753", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15753", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15753.doc"}, "hash": "25d4e19e4903eb6ef23d8602cfd657a62105baceea12af84d9fe83e16314981f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "504308b3-397f-4065-b6e2-6d80fdd435e3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15753", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15753.doc"}, "hash": "d586f1f12b73db35ef2261f56ab67deda1819f6462470fb3356426d09d27db44", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3fcd8477-3010-4b5f-a059-fee8830d872a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1f054f677fe9d0e506fcc01211bb5791d190fc7023a8992550454c0e83abd220", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In this way, such a ritual will not become extinct and will be always remembered by the next generation. \n\nThird, the commodified tuturangiana andala affects the socio-cultural condition of the community of fishermen in Makassar Island. Politically, the authority can implant their influence into those who are present at the ritual. Assistance is provided to the local people so that the mayor, for example, may be elected again in the following general election. The ideology on which the ritual is based is the capitalistic ideology, meaning that the ritual which was used to be performed as an offering in order to be save and prosperous is then performed as a tourist attraction; as a result, the capitalistic ideology, which is oriented toward the improvement of the local people\u2019s prosperity, appears.\n\nEcologically, the commodified tuturangiana ritual also contributes to the management of marine resources through the local genius strengthening.  The management of the marine and coastal area resources includes the attempts made by the stakeholders to change the coastal area and marine ecosystem in order to attain maximum benefit by sustaining production and guarantying the conservation of resources, especially fish, \u2018terumbu karang\u2019 the ridge of rock exposed at low tide\u2019, and the mangrove trees in an environmentally friendly manner for the sake of the local people\u2019s welfare. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nFirst, commodification cannot be separated from the processes of production, distribution, and consumption. What is produced in the tuturangiana ritual includes the place where the ritual is performed, the offering, the clothing, the dance, and the musical instrument. The ritual is distributed through media and direct communication. The ritual is consumed for the people living in Makassar Island and by the government for tourism.\n\nSecond, the commodified tuturangiana andala ritual has the following meanings; (1) the philosophical meaning; (2) the economic meaning; (3) the political meaning; the governmental elites, the political elites and the religious ones define it as the arena of image; (4) the cultural conservation; the culture belongs to the people; therefore, it should be conserved and revitalized. Third, the commodified tuturangiana ritual contributes to the socio-cultural condition of the community of fishermen in Makassar Island politically, ideologically, economically, educationally, ecologically, and demographically. \n\n\nThe suggestions which can be recommended in this study are as follows. First, the local government should actively take part in the attempts made to conserve the culture. Second, the human resources which include the government, the industrial agents and the people living in Makassar Island need to be improved. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara, M.A. as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Cika, M.S., as co-supervisor I and Dr. Putu Sukardja, M.Si. as co-supervisor II for their attention, patience, wholeheartedness, and suggestions for the completion of the study.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAddin, Asnur dkk. 2011. Mengenal Pulau Makassar (Liwuto Makasu). Baubau: Yayasan Fajar Al Buthuni.\n\nAgger, Ben. 2006. Teori Sosial Kritis : Kritik, Penerapan, dan Implikasinya. Yogyakarta : Kreasi Wacana.\n\nBarker, Chirs. 2005. Cultural Studies Teori dan Praktik. Terj. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2014. Kamus Kajian Budaya.  Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nFairclough, N. 1995. Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge : Polity Press.\n\nGarna, Judistira K. 1999. Metode Penelitian Pendekatan Kualitatif. Bandung: CV Primaco Academia.\n\nMaunati, Yekti. 2004. Identitas Dayak Komodifikasi dan Politik Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: LKiS.\n\nMoleong, Lexy J. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung : PT Remaja Rosdakarya.", "start_char_idx": 8801, "end_char_idx": 12644, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3fcd8477-3010-4b5f-a059-fee8830d872a": {"__data__": {"id_": "3fcd8477-3010-4b5f-a059-fee8830d872a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15754", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "4014ec8b3b8b57a75ec686aec6f770e80885aa550febe2437fdd1432c91d8545", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7c83d443-f415-488b-9944-c38c9de520e9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15753", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15753.doc"}, "hash": "4c37bf1d4a390c4d0a7887ae40834f9aab8e2b79527ab1fbc9064801d8a1e968", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3d4e7227-c1e0-4c4c-a772-db71bbb6e487", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ebc0463577b3251d5493a975b4f463522856b39c6a45d6e4a1b4d802254ede21", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RELIGIOUS PRACTICE PERFORMED BY THE HINDUS \nAT SENDURO VILLAGE, LUMAJANG, EAST JAVA\nI Ketut Gede Harsana\nI Gde Parimartha\n\nI Wayan Ardika\n\nI Made Suastika\nUdayana University\n\nemail: gedeharsana@yahoo.com \n\nABSTRACT\n\nThe religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village cannot be separated from the context of the relationship between the dominant culture of the Bali Hindus and the subculture of the Hindus at Senduro Village. The Bali Hindus who are stronger culturally, economically and symbolically affect the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village in regard to their tatwa (philosophy), acara (ritual) and organization. The problems formulated in this article are as follows: the forms, the contributing factors, and the meaning of the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village. The qualitative method was used to obtain the data needed in the present study. The theories used are the theory of practice, the theory of subaltern, the theory of semiotics, and the theory of identity. \n\nBefore the temple was constructed the Hindus at Senduro Village was classified as the followers of what is referred to as Kejawen. The reason was that their religious practice was highly specific and different from the religious practices performed by the Hindus in the other areas. After the Mandara Giri Semeru Agung Temple was constructed, the Hindus at Senduro Village were affected by the Balinese in the way in which they perform their religious practice. Such an impact could be observed from the aspect of their tattwa (philosophy), the aspect of their religious ritual, and the aspect of their religious organization. \n\nKeywords: religious practice, Hindus.\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nThe religious practice which was performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village is identical with the religious practice which is performed by the Majapahit Hindus. The strong pressure from the bureaucrat and the majority caused the Hindus at Senduro Village to perform their religious practice secretly. It turned out that the Balinese Hindus who visited the village caused the religious practice performed the Hindus at Senduro Village to change. They performed their religious practice openly instead of secretly. In addition, the tradition of the Bali Hindus was seen to dominate the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village. After the Mandara Giri Semeru Agung Temple was constructed, the religious practice performed by the Bali Hindus seemed to be more dominant in the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduru Village. \n\nBased on the background above, this present study is intended to explore the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village from the perspective of cultural studies; therefore, the title of the article is \u201cPraktik Keagamaan Umat Hindu di Desa Senduro, Lumajang, Jawa Timur\u201d [The Religious Practice Performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village, Lumajang, East Java\u201d .\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\nQualitative method is used in the present study. The reason is that the present study is intended to see the existence of the Hindus with their various obstructions and challenges at Senduro Village. The main instrument in the present study was the researcher himself. The data were obtained from interviews and field notes. The qualitative data were supported with the quantitative data.\n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3439, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3d4e7227-c1e0-4c4c-a772-db71bbb6e487": {"__data__": {"id_": "3d4e7227-c1e0-4c4c-a772-db71bbb6e487", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15754", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "4014ec8b3b8b57a75ec686aec6f770e80885aa550febe2437fdd1432c91d8545", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3fcd8477-3010-4b5f-a059-fee8830d872a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "e8b11be30fca7094d98f7cf00c8d3a272bf4f6725e32f8f73edecba63874226b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d219618e-4bc5-49f6-9b30-b2b4206a6318", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "41564e921978cdc736c21eb0675a468024461868617a15530f7ac66b7df8ede8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Before the Mandara Giri Semeru Agung Temple was constructed, the Hindus at Senduro Village had believed in God. However, in accordance with their belief, the name used to refer to God is different from the name used by the Bali Hindus to refer to God. One of the Hindu leaders at Senduro Village through an interview stated as follows.\n\u201cKami merupakan kelompok umat Hindu yang merupakan turunan Hindu Majapahit,dalam penyebutan nama-namaTuhan kami mempunyai sebutan nama Tuhan tersendiri, seperti Gusti Kang Akarya Jagat Saisine yang artinya Tuhan yang menciptakan dunia beserta isinya dan Gusti Kang Maha Wikan yang artinya Tuhan Maha Tahu\u201d (Djumadi Wawancara, 25 Maret 2013)\n\n[\u201cWe are Hindus coming from the Majapahit Hindus. We use several names to refer to God. They are Gusti Kang Akarya Jagat Saisine, meaning God who has created the world and what it contains, and Gusti Kang Maha Wikan, meaning \u201cGod Who Knows Everything\u201d] (Djumadi, interviewed on 25 March 2013). \n\nBased on the information obtained from the interview, it can be concluded that every area in Indonesia also has different names which are used to refer to God. It is not necessary to make the names used to refer to God uniform. The knowledge and symbolic capitals the Hindus at Senduro Village have for referring to God with different names are the identity as the followers of the Jowo Sanyto Hinduism. \n\nThe offering, which is referred to as gedang kayu pecok bakal, is highly simple. Through such a very simple symbolic capital, they expressed themselves using a very simple religious offering referred to as gedang ayu pecok bakal. Gedang ayu refers to the structure of an offering which is made of bananas, coconuts, flowers, betel vine, tobacco, eggs, and some money as the essence and pecok bakal is made of various types of spices. \n\n\nOne of the Hindu leaders at Senduro Village, through an interview, stated as follows.\n\u201cbahwa bentuk upakara gedang ayu pecok bakal, merupakan warisan dari leluhur kami, yang kalau dilihat dari bentuknya sangat sederhana, akan tetapi inilah tradisi leluhur kami, yang mana gedang ayu pecok bakal ini kami pergunakan setiap ada upacara selametan, perkawinan dan upacara lainnya. Walaupun ada bentuk upakara yang lain, akan tetapi gedang yu pecok bakal sebagai wujud upakara pokok (Titik Jatmiati, interviewed on 23 March 2013).\n[that the gedang ayu pecok bakal offering is an inheritance from our ancestors; if viewed from its form, it is highly simple; we use it as the offering when we would like to express our gratefulness, in the wedding ceremony and in the other religious rituals] (Titik Jatmiati, interview on 23 Marh 2013).\n\n\nThe gedang ayu pecok bakal is the form of a religious ritual which was used in the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village. Although there were still several other forms of offering, the gedang ayu pecok bakal was the basic religious ritual. Therefore, it was the basic ritual used in the religious ritual performed to express gratefulness, in the wedding ceremony and in the religious rituals performed before and after a baby was born. Even in the religious ritual performed for someone who was stated to be grown up, such an offering was also used. However, since the Bali Hindus came, the gedang ayu pecok had been completed with what is referred to as canang sari (a type of offering).", "start_char_idx": 3442, "end_char_idx": 6804, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d219618e-4bc5-49f6-9b30-b2b4206a6318": {"__data__": {"id_": "d219618e-4bc5-49f6-9b30-b2b4206a6318", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15754", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "4014ec8b3b8b57a75ec686aec6f770e80885aa550febe2437fdd1432c91d8545", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3d4e7227-c1e0-4c4c-a772-db71bbb6e487", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "124520131e755ca4816d303d4e4393accda1dafda77e60fe710e4ff13b5759c7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "25d7ac25-7de5-4ffa-bf8d-b1909ac056eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1bd131ac31c557ff87192d75d71f10d43db25bbe48b7668202d5d0d913d67d12", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "As the Hindu organization at Senduro Village was still traditional, and there was no organizational structure, the function and the role played by the Hindu leaders were highly important at that time. One of the Hindu leaders at Senduro Village stated, through an interview, as follows.\n\u201dKarena kelembagaan masih tradisional maka peranan para sesepuh atau orang yang dituakan dianggap penting untuk memberikan ajaran lewat petuah-petuah. Petuah yang diberikan oleh para sesepuh diantaranya berisi tentang ajaran budi pekerti, sopan santun, ramah tamah, sabar, menerima apa adanya. Praktik keagamaan di bidang etika diberikan oleh pare sesepuh setiap kali diadakan pertemuan (pesamuan dalam bahasa mereka). Pertemuan atau pesamuan diadakan di sanggar-sanggar pemujaan\u201d (Mangku Ngatris, wawancara, 23 Maret 2013)\u201d\n[As the organization is still traditional, the role played by the elders or those who are considered being the elders is very important. They are supposed to teach the worshippers through advices containing etiquette, ethics, friendliness, patience, and accepting what is available. The religious practice in regard to ethics is provided by the elders every time a meeting is held (in their language it is referred to as pesamuan), which is held at the worshipping places] (Mangku Ngatris, interviewed on 23 March 2013).\n\nAfter the Mandara Giri Semeru Agung Temple was constructed, the worshippers were organized and supervised not only at the worshipping places but also at the temple. Since then, their organization has been more modern, as can be observed from their organizational structure.", "start_char_idx": 6807, "end_char_idx": 8414, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "25d7ac25-7de5-4ffa-bf8d-b1909ac056eb": {"__data__": {"id_": "25d7ac25-7de5-4ffa-bf8d-b1909ac056eb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15754", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "4014ec8b3b8b57a75ec686aec6f770e80885aa550febe2437fdd1432c91d8545", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d219618e-4bc5-49f6-9b30-b2b4206a6318", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "8b27a860a79639b8d190b97c498d13db916f9a36e9e86610dac277efd0a50219", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3f79a145-41bb-44d4-8e5d-a7647e9a48bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3f6d0ba1b06c899311535e18ed49803330beed73898640adb76b9d2f23cb7acf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The meaning of the religious practice performed at Senduro Village can be observed as follows. A new symbolic space was created. That is the first meaning. The integration between the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village and the one performed by the Bali Hindus caused the Hindus at Senduro Village to enter a meaningless symbolic space. Such a context of space changed the perspective of the Hindus at Senduro Village; they referred to the religious practice performed by the Bali Hindus. That is the meaning of uniformity. The strong impact of the tradition of a great religion (in this case, Hinduism in Bali) damaged various types of the traditional activities inherited from their ancestors. The next meaning is the meaning of image. Glamorization was the image or a sign which was constructed by the Bali Hindu tradition, when the festival was held for the Mandiri Giri Semeru Agung Temple. The Bali Hindus gave priority to aesthetics over religious ethics. The next meaning is multiculturalism. It turned out that the existence of the Mandara Giri Semeru Agung Temple caused the atmosphere to change. The non Hindus started to show tolerance to the Hindus at Senduro Village; as a result, in performing the religious practice they were brave enough to be open; no body felt being oppressed. The next meaning is that the non Hindus and Hindus at Senduro Village seemed to start respecting one another; as a result a harmonious atmosphere was created.\nThe novelties of the present study are as follows. Before the Bali Hindu tradition was introduced, the Hindus at Senduro Village were the followers of the tradition of the Majapahit Hindu. At that time the religious practice was secretly performed by the Hindus, resulting from the strong pressure from the majority at Senduro Village. The introduction of the Bali Hindu tradition caused the Hindus at Senduro Village to perform their religious practice openly. The identity of being Hindus, which used to be invisible, gradually appeared. In addition, the identity of the Hindus at Senduro Village seemed to be protected by the Bali Hindu tradition; they seemed to adapt it. It turned out that the adaptation process of the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village and the one performed by the Bali Hindus led to a new problem. The adaptation process became a problem if such a process took place in the surface only (false adaptation). In such a process of adaptation, the religious practice performed at Senduro Village seemed to be revitalized; however, the symbols of the Bali Hindu tradition dominated the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village. The resistance to the symbols of the Bali Hindu traditions was shown by the Hindu elites at Senduro Village. Such a resistance was not physically shown; it was shown in the form of the construction of a shrine named Candi Waringin at the area of the Mandhara Giri Semeru Agung Temple. Physically, it adopted the Javanese architecture. That was the realization of what had been desired by the Hindus at Senduro Village; they desired that their tradition would not be neglected.\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION", "start_char_idx": 8418, "end_char_idx": 11598, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3f79a145-41bb-44d4-8e5d-a7647e9a48bc": {"__data__": {"id_": "3f79a145-41bb-44d4-8e5d-a7647e9a48bc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15754", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "4014ec8b3b8b57a75ec686aec6f770e80885aa550febe2437fdd1432c91d8545", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "25d7ac25-7de5-4ffa-bf8d-b1909ac056eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "edb98aca2dec648c5ac53cf9e820c4defcd19d63015e79679b3a56bb07afcf53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "25873f99-c4ad-4b26-89e1-e17a8c916d9b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "41245794292fc48fc05a2a762eca6d32bc571a326a3439ea9eefd4bae7aac66a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Before the temple was constructed, the religious practice performed by the Hindus at Senduro Village was adjusted to what was traditionally instructed by their ancestors. They were classified as what is referred to as kejawen followers. The reason was that the religious practice they performed was specific and different from the religious practice performed in the other areas. After the Mandara Giri Semeru Agung Temple was constructed, the Hindus at Senduro Village started being affected by the religious practice performed by the Bali Hindus in regard to their tattwa (philosophy), rituals and organization.\n\nThe existence of the Mandara Giri Semeru Agung Temple should protect the local tradition of the Hindus at Senduro Village which was implemented in the religious practice locally performed. The Hindus at Senduro Village should think about and struggle for formal (legal) regulations which can regulate the development and conservation of the local wisdom they have. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Gede Parimartha, M.A as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., as Co-supervisor I, and Dr. Drs. I Gusti Ketut Gde Arsana, M.Si. as Co-supervisor II for their attention, motivation, supervision, encouragement during the completion of this article. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nHarsana, I Ketut Gede. 2005. Kebangkitan Umat Hindu di Desa Senduro Kabupaten Lumajang (perspektif Kajian Budaya). (Tesis) S2. Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana Denpasar. \n\nHerusatato, Budiono. 2001. Simbolisme dalam Budaya Jawa. Yogyakarta : PT. Hanindita Graha Widaya. \n\nPals, Daniel. L. 2001. Seven Theories of Religion. (Terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Dalam. \n\nPudja. G. MA - SH. 1983. Pengantar Agama Hindu III - Veda. Jakarta. Penerbit Maya Sari. Pustaka Pelajar. Jakarta. \n\nRahardjo, Turnomo. 2005. Menghargai Perbedaan Kultural. Dalam Komunikasi Antar Etnis. Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nSaerosi, M. 2004. Politik Pendidikan Agama dalam Era Pluralisme, Telaah Historis Atas Kebijaksanaan Pendidikan Agama Konvensional di Indonesia. Jogyakarta: Tiara Wacana. \n\nSaidi, Anas. 2004. Menekuk Agama Membangun Tahta. Kebijakan Agama Orde Baru. Jakarta : Desantara. \n\nTitib, I Made. 2003. Teologi Simbol-Simbol Dalam Agama Hindu. Surabaya : Paramita. \n\nUsman, Husaini. 2001. Metodelogi Penelitian Sosial. Jakarta : PT. Bumi Aksara. \n\nWeber, MAX. 2006. Sosiologi. Terjemahan dari From Max Weber. Essays in Sociology. Yogyakarta. PT. Tiara Wacana.", "start_char_idx": 11601, "end_char_idx": 14072, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "25873f99-c4ad-4b26-89e1-e17a8c916d9b": {"__data__": {"id_": "25873f99-c4ad-4b26-89e1-e17a8c916d9b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15755", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "hash": "efe42af37a9a4175e103f74738a829b144d06fe2c50ed379251b47c56cfe2465", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3f79a145-41bb-44d4-8e5d-a7647e9a48bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15754", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15754.doc"}, "hash": "6607973900ee42eaad42f212e209b7b51d1d30c05bb268ecb40967e5831107b3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a5ba7199-3031-415f-9e1b-b65b7379de6e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fbf309f0a0f76f030cb8bbdd7dfceeef815f8cdb5e50a8f0f4d2478839e8ead6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RITES OF SHIFT PERFORMED BY THE MUNA ETHNIC PEOPLE IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST PROVINCE: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE\nLa Aso\nI Nyoman Weda Kusuma\n\nI Ketut Ardhana\n\nNi Made Wiasti\nHalu Oleo University, Kendari\n\nemail: la_aso@yahoo.co.id\nABSTRACT\n\nNowadays the Muna ethnic people who live in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province can be divided into two groups; they are the Muna ethnic people who still perform the rite of shift completely, and the Muna ethnic people who perform the rite of shift partially; the letter have modified the rite of shift. The rites which are performed to show the shift in status from the time before a baby is born to the time after it is born, when someone enters childhood and adulthood, when someone is married and when someone is dead. Such rites are referred to as the rites of shift. The problems of the present study can be formulated into three; they are (1) what the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic group is like; (2) the factors contributing to the continuity of the rites of shift; and (3) the factors causing the change in the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic people to take place. This study is a qualitative study with the paradigm of cultural studies. The theory of semiotics, the theory of hegemony, and the theory of deconstruction were used in the present study. \n\nThe result of the study shows that there are six forms of the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic people; they are the rite of what is locally referred to as kasambu (feeding or eating with the hand), the rite of what is locally referred to as kampua (the hair cutting), the rite of what is locally referred to as kangkilo (circumcision), the rite of what is locally referred to as karia (being secluded), the rite of what is locally referred to as kagaa (marriage), and the rite of what is locally referred to as mate (death). The factors contributing to the continuity of such rites are ideology and belief. And the factors causing such rites to be changed are religion, economy, education, and science and technology.\nKeywords: rite of shift, Muna ethnic group, continuity, change\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\nThe rites which are performed to show that the shift from the time before a baby is born to the time after it is born, the shift from childhood to adulthood, the shift to the time when someone is married and when someone is dead are referred to as the rites of shift. Van Gennep (1960) (in Ghazali, 2011: 62) states that every culture has a group of rituals which are performed to commemorate the shift from one social class to another social class. \n\nWhat is discussed in the present study is the phenomenon that the Muna ethnic people who live in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, can be divided into two; they are those who still perform the rites of shift perfectly and those who have modified them. This present study is intended to picture and understand the continuity of and change taking place in the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic group. In particular, this present study is intended to 1) describe the form of the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic people; (2) discuss the factors contributing to the continuity of the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic people; and (3) discuss the factors causing the change to take place in the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic people. \nRESEARCH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 3436, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a5ba7199-3031-415f-9e1b-b65b7379de6e": {"__data__": {"id_": "a5ba7199-3031-415f-9e1b-b65b7379de6e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15755", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "hash": "efe42af37a9a4175e103f74738a829b144d06fe2c50ed379251b47c56cfe2465", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "25873f99-c4ad-4b26-89e1-e17a8c916d9b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "hash": "cebc4b314b7c628378dd3ea65d223f11be743f61d4922e3cb7cc35bb2b416605", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dc181843-baf7-4d17-bab6-e694609eb3ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0e64b2b5f621147227e41f81a019525fce7b9072bce12d3759ccb4631f2c3727", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This present study is a qualitative one. The data used in the present study are the primary data and secondary data. The primary data were obtained from observation and interview, and the secondary data were obtained from the documents related to the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic people. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, and documentary study. The data were analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and interpretatively. \nDISCUSSION\n\nThe result of the study shows that there are six forms of the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic group. They are the rite of what is locally referred to as kasambu (feeding with the hand), the rite of what is locally referred to as kampua/kaalano wulu (hair cutting), the rite which is locally referred to as kangkilo (circumcision), the rite of what is locally referred to as kagaa  (marriage), and the rite of what is locally referred to as mate (death). \n\n\nThe rite of kasambu is a traditional ceremony which is performed for the husband and wife and the wife is pregnant for the first child and her pregnancy is seven or eight months old. The rite of kampua is a traditional ceremony which is performed by cutting the baby\u2019s hair when it is 44 days old so that it will always be healthy. The rite of kangkilo is a traditional ceremony performed by the Muna ethnic people using a razor blade or kitchen knife to cut the head of the boy\u2019s penis or slightly cut the right part of kabumbu (the vagina of a girl, especially the upper raising part) until it bleeds. The rite of karia is a secluding traditional ceremony which is performed for the girl who is getting grown up so that she will always be patient and brave when facing the motherhood when she is already married. The rite of kagaa is a wedding ceremony which is made up of three stages; they are the rite of kabasano dhoa salama (prayers are recited in order to keep healthy), the rite of kafosulino katulu (the bride and bridegroom are returned). \n\nThe rite of mite is made up of seven stages; they are the rite of kaalingkita (common bathing), the rite of kaselino wite (the excavation of the grave), the rite of kakadiu wadhibu (obligatory bathing), the rite of kabasano haroa turuntana (the prayers are recited for someone who is dead), the rite of kakoburu (burial), the rite of kansolo-nsolo (the visit made to the cemetery), and the rite of poalo (certain nights are commemorated). In the rite of kaalingkita the corpse is bathed using clean water; the clean water is used for cleaning the dirt on the body. The rite of kaselino wite is performed when the grave is excavated. This rite starts with what is referred to as tida wite (the land is chopped). The rite of kaselino wite is led by what is locally referred to as lebe; it is performed before the corpse is caffeined. In the rite of kakadiu wadhibu the corpse is bathed using clean and holy water for which prayers have been recited by the lebe.\n\nIn the rite of kansolo-nsolo a visit is made to the cemetery every morning and afternoon for one week the day after the corpse is buried. The rite of kansolo-nsolo which is performed every morning and afternoon for a week is also led by what is called the leve chosen by the family. The lebe goes to the cemetery to water the grave. After that incenses are burned and the Yasin letter is read. After that prayers are recited. After the lebe recites the prayers, he then goes home to read haroa ruruntana. \n\nThe rite of poala is performed at several nights after the corpse is buried; the rite of pataino itolu is performed at the second night, the rite of itolu is performed at the third night, the rite of pataino ifitu is performed at the sixth night, the rite of ifitu is performed at the seventh night, the rite of fotatofulugha is performed at the 100th night. There are still other rites which should be performed as well. Such rites are similarly performed. What differentiate them from the others are the objectives.", "start_char_idx": 3439, "end_char_idx": 7424, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dc181843-baf7-4d17-bab6-e694609eb3ad": {"__data__": {"id_": "dc181843-baf7-4d17-bab6-e694609eb3ad", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15755", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "hash": "efe42af37a9a4175e103f74738a829b144d06fe2c50ed379251b47c56cfe2465", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a5ba7199-3031-415f-9e1b-b65b7379de6e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "hash": "8f1364d11ca82161abc2ab1f87bf5a43dd8d5bf259aef7f84cfaa4f1edc84f20", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f631e6a6-ceab-4aef-a6e0-7dbc89798b23", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f5911bf99cbec13a17c3a2291dd4b9d4f58974bc6a0f0d014937212f790fb8ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The factors which contribute to the continuity of the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic people are the ideological value and belief. The Muna ethnic people who still perform the rites of shifts perfectly are those who belong to the traditional Muna Muslims. Such rites are perfectly performed and maintained as they have been inherited from their ancestors; they are believed to have great values. \n\n\nThe main factor which has contributed to the change taking place in the performance of the rites of shift is the belief. The Muna ethnic people who have modified the rites of shift are those who belong to the reformist Muna Muslims. In other words, the arrival of the reformist Muna Muslims in Muna Regency has greatly changed the performance of the rites of shift. In addition, the economic factor has also caused the performance of the rites of shift to change; meaning that those who do not have enough money have had to simplify the performance of the rites of shift. \n\nApart from that, the educational factor could not be ignored, as can be seen in the performance of the rite of kangkilo. In the past, the rite of kangkilo was traditionally performed. However, nowadays, as the people are more educated and understand that the objective of the rite of kangkilo is to keep healthy and purified, doctors and nurses have been involved in the circumcision performed for children. The advance in science and technology has also caused the performance of the rites of shift to change, exemplified by the rite of kasambu.  In the past, those who are involved in the rite of kasambu should wear dress which is made of the leaves of jack fruit trees. The advance in science and technology has caused them not to wear the dress which is made of the leaves of jack fruit trees any longer. \n\nThe novelties of the present study are as follows. They are (1) the local genius which is related to  the rites of shift performed by the Muna ethnic people has been getting stronger by their strong belief; as a result, there has not been any conflict between those who main such rites and the modern society in spite of the religious speeches delivered at the local mosques; (2) those who still perform the rites of shift perfectly are those who belong to the traditional Muna Muslims, and those who have modified the performance of the rites of shift are those who belong to the reformist Muna Muslims; (3) the traditional Muna Muslims who still perform the rite of shifts perfectly have combined three traditions; they are the tradition of animism/dynamism, the Hindu/Buddhist tradition, and the Islamic tradition, whereas those who have modified the performance of the rites of shift refer to what has been taught by Rasulullah saw and His friends.\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\n\nFrom the present study, it can inferred that there are six forms of the rites of shift which are performed by the Muna ethnic people; they are (1) the rite of kasambu (feeding with the hand), (2) the rite of kampua (hair cutting), (3) the rite of kangkilo (circumcision), (4) the rite of karia (seclusion), (5) the rite of kagaa (marriage), and (6) the rite of mate (death). The factors which have contributed to the continuity of the rites of shift which are performed by the Muna ethnic people are (1) the ideological value, and (2) the belief. The factors which have caused the performance of the rites of shift to change are (1) the religious factor, (2) the economic factor, (3) the educational factor, and (4) the advance in science and technology.", "start_char_idx": 7428, "end_char_idx": 10960, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f631e6a6-ceab-4aef-a6e0-7dbc89798b23": {"__data__": {"id_": "f631e6a6-ceab-4aef-a6e0-7dbc89798b23", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15755", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "hash": "efe42af37a9a4175e103f74738a829b144d06fe2c50ed379251b47c56cfe2465", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dc181843-baf7-4d17-bab6-e694609eb3ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "hash": "33119eaea24dbff2a98b7f040e5beff4ff2ef3be428307ff851e7dbb6a2da91a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "575f42ba-fe6d-4488-a432-718ae11bbe3f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1fdcd2039031d5196fddd5f4676b37ce4359a7f65bbacc85daa4793836d292c7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It is suggested that (1) the rites of shift as the heritage from the ancestors should be maintained by the traditional Muna Muslims as they contain great values; (2) those who have modified the performance of the rites of shift should respect and be tolerant to those who still perform the rites perfectly; (3) those who still perform the rites of shift perfectly should also respect and be tolerant to those who have modified the rites; (4) it is suggested to MUI (Majelis Ulama Indonesia) (the Association of Muslim Leaders) that it should supervise the two parties with different faiths so that any possible conflict can be avoided. \nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nGennep, van Arnold. 1960. The Rites of Passage: A Classic Study of Cultural Celebrations. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.\n\nGhazali, Adeng Muchtar. 2011. Antropologi Agama : Upaya Memahami Keragaman Kepercayaan, Keyakinan, dan Agama. Bandung: Alfabeta.\n\nKirk. J.. and M.L. Miller. 1986. Reliability and Valiability in Qualitative Research  (Vol. 1). Beverly Hills. SAGE Publication.\n\nKoentjaraningrat.1990. Sejarah Teori Antropologi. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UI-Press).", "start_char_idx": 10964, "end_char_idx": 12108, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "575f42ba-fe6d-4488-a432-718ae11bbe3f": {"__data__": {"id_": "575f42ba-fe6d-4488-a432-718ae11bbe3f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15759", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "hash": "3882e04899f4fade74579d67501d81d3fbfdfff80f5832af8840415458ad42c7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f631e6a6-ceab-4aef-a6e0-7dbc89798b23", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15755", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15755.doc"}, "hash": "aff51cf689cdd6291978e9529543e33aff4ed6e6f2f3cd5093d99ae2308f9dff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6dfd9104-2026-4569-8217-45c98a7a8a04", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c049a20e612b626634672dc489090f134230a5a89d29240a4d9b64e9a3ee2d7c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "MONSEHE RITUAL PERFORMED BY CULAMBU ETHNIC PEOPLE \nIN NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI\nMustaman\nAnak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara\n\nAnak Agung Bagus Wirawan\n\nI Gst. Kt. Gde Arsana\n\nUniversity of Haluoleo, Kendari\n\nemail: Mustaman33@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\nThe existence of the local culture in the globalization era is a highly interesting phenomenon to explore. The close relationship between human beings and the culture proves that human beings cannot live without culture; how primitive they are, as exemplified by the life of the Culambacu ethnic people. Based on such an assumption, the monsehe ritual becomes an interesting thing to explore. The problems of the present study can be formulated as follows: how the monsehe ritual performed by the Culambacu ethnic people is like; what ideologies contribute to the monsehe ritual; and what meaning it contains. The data in the present study were collected through observation, interview, library research, and documentation. The theory of functional structure, the theory of semiotics, and the theory of hegemony were used to analyze the problems of the study. \n\n\nThe result of the study shows that, first, the monsehe ritual is performed to ward off misfortune (mosehe inia) and to settle conflict and adultery, and to treat sick people. In addition, it is also performed as part of the death ceremony.  Second, the monsehe ritual contains cosmological ideology and religious ideology. Third, the totality of the mosehe ritual which is performed by the Culambacu ethnic people is accumulated in the form of symbols which are rich in meanings such as religious meaning, harmonious meaning, educational meaning, identity meaning, social control meaning, and solidarity meaning. \nKeywords: monsehe ritual, ideology, animism. \n\nINTRODUCTION\n\nIn the globalization era the change in and the existence of the local culture is a highly interesting phenomenon to explore. It is interesting as, on one hand, human beings create the culture; on the other hand, human beings are the product of the culture (Tilaar, 2007: 13). The close relationship between the culture and human beings proves that human beings cannot live without culture; how primitive they are, as exemplified by the life of the Culambacu ethnic group.  Therefore, the cultured life permanently features human beings all the year round and will never come to an end. Based on such an assumption, the monsehe ritual performed by the Culambacu ethnic people becomes important to explore. The problems of the present study can be formulated as follows: (1) how the monsehe ritual performed by the Culambacu ethnic people in North Konawe Regency is like; (2) what ideologies contribute to the monsehe ritual; (3) what is the meaning of the monsehe ritual performed by the Culambacu ethnic people living in North Konawe Regency. \n\nIn general, this present study is intended to give space to the local tradition which is dominated by the majority group. In particular, this present study is intended to (1) understand the form of the monsehe ritual performed by the Culambacu ethnic people, (2) understand the ideology which the monsehe ritual contains, and (3) understand the meaning which the monsehe ritual contains. The theories used in the present study are (1) the theory of functional structuralism, (2) the theory of semiotics, and (3) the theory of hegemony. \nRESEARCH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3436, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6dfd9104-2026-4569-8217-45c98a7a8a04": {"__data__": {"id_": "6dfd9104-2026-4569-8217-45c98a7a8a04", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15759", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "hash": "3882e04899f4fade74579d67501d81d3fbfdfff80f5832af8840415458ad42c7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "575f42ba-fe6d-4488-a432-718ae11bbe3f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "hash": "ad1c16492c938347b7c22305139932c4ba8ab7947b5a41d79730312618da94a6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5a923699-f5b0-4723-a606-20fe4a322ab0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8903de36263b5949d5dd1a875ff2a7615608c4a6cef5c65b412cc2e18a97a70a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This present study employs the qualitative method in which interpretation plays an important role and the result of the study is descriptively presented (Ratna, 2010: 48). The qualitative study is a tradition in social sciences which is fundamentally based on the observation of and related to people (Maleong, 2003: 4). The present study was conducted in Wiwirano District, North Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The data were collected using the techniques of observation, interview, library research and documentation. \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nThis present study explores the monsehe ritual which is performed by the Culambacu ethnic people living in Wiwirano District, North Konawe Regency. It is a process of purification which functions to purify human beings from all mistakes and diseases. It is a tradition of the Culambacu ethnic people which refers to the thinking perception of the myth which their ancestors had. Such a myth has made the monsehe ritual an ideology or reference which is referred to by the Culambacu ethnic people in every traditional practice they have performed until now. The first problem which is discussed in this present study is the form of the monsehe ritual. It describes or explains the total form of the monsehe ritual performed by the Culambacu ethnic people in North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The ritual is performed (1) to ward off misfortune (monsehe ini\u2019a), (2) to settle conflict (monsehe pompokomoikoaha), (3) to settle adultery (umo\u2019api), (4) as part of the death ceremony (monsehe imatea), (5) to treat sick people (monsehe lo\u2019e mokolili). When the ritual is performed, the time and place, the actor involved, the language and facility used are specified. The meaning of each instrument used is related to one another. \n\nSecond, the monsehe ritual contains the ideology which is always referred to by the Culambacu ethnic people. According to Barthes (2003), ideology is derived from a myth; after it is established, it becomes an ideology. Furthermore, Kaelan (2008: 5) states that an ideology may refer to a view or teaching which contains the truth or what is supposed to be true as a result of contemplation. The ideology of the monsehe ritual is divided into two parts; they are the cosmological and religious ideologies. The cosmological ideologies are made up of (a) the ideology of the conservation of the nature, (2) the ideology of the conservation of culture; (3) the ideology of ethnicity, and (4) the ideology of mehau. The religious ideologies are made up of (1) the ideology of forestry, (2) the ideology of rites (peweuha), (3) the ideology of human nature (totoahano). The cosmological ideology of the monsehe ritual is related to the concept of the Culambacu ethnic people of the process of how the universe (the macrocosmos) and human beings (the microcosmos) are created. The religious ideology is related to the conception of the Culambacu ethnic group of the relation between human beings (o\u2019ata) and God (pe\u2019apua). \n\n\nThird, the totality of the monsehe ritual which is performed by the Culambacu ethnic people are accumulated in the form of highly meaningful symbols such as the religious meaning, the harmonious meaning, the educational meaning, the identity meaning, and social control meaning, and the solidarity meaning.\n\nAlthough the monsehe ritual is highly meaningful from the globalization context, its existence is disturbed by the mainstream Muslim group, which, on behalf of the Islamic ideology, refers to the single truth and refutes the tradition of the monsehe ritual. According to the mainstream Muslim group, the monsehe ritual is an animistic teaching which is polytheistic and misleading. Apart from the change in era, the new generation, which is affected by the modern education, has also negatively affected the monsehe ritual performance.", "start_char_idx": 3439, "end_char_idx": 7286, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5a923699-f5b0-4723-a606-20fe4a322ab0": {"__data__": {"id_": "5a923699-f5b0-4723-a606-20fe4a322ab0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15759", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "hash": "3882e04899f4fade74579d67501d81d3fbfdfff80f5832af8840415458ad42c7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6dfd9104-2026-4569-8217-45c98a7a8a04", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "hash": "47af097a648eead8a2a5755391c15c542cadcb8f5896aeb88008cac50a6db032", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "40ed1977-d8a9-44c8-adef-7febb3b22f79", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "015975fc575ff3c37063ad39fe894a0ed4f25436afd89339188b8bd8083cff31", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The development of modern science and technology which gives priority to the economic value and rationality tends to shift the existence of the oral tradition in the society. As a result, the tradition of the monsehe ritual has undergone what is referred to as a cultural gap. In fact, it is potential and relevant to strengthen religion, identity, togetherness, solidarity and the development of human resources, that is, the Culambacu ethnic people, who are very good at the oral tradition. \n\nIn the globalization era, the tradition of the monsehe ritual will certainly be renewed and adjusted; even it will possibly become extinct; in other words, nobody will support its existence. Anticipative steps should be taken to face renewal, adjustment or change. Renewal, adjustment and change should not touch the cultural spirit (the inner cultural); as a result, the value and meaning which the tradition of the monsehe ritual contains still exist and will not disappear. \n\nThrough the present study, the writer would like to show defense of the tradition of the monsehe ritual to avoid it from getting extinct. At the same time, through this present study, the writer would like to suggest the government that it should give as specious space as possible for the monsehe ritual to grow and develop among its supporting people. Such defense is a must, considering that the monsehe ritual contains the local genius, ideologies and meaning. In addition, it also contains the moral value which can lead to solidarity among the Culambacu people. At the same time, it also becomes their identity.\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\n\nFirst, the monsehe ritual is performed by the Culambacu ethnic people to (1) ward off misfortune (monsehe ini\u2019a), (2) to settle conflict, (3) to settle adultery (umo\u2019api), (4) as part of the death ceremony, (5) to treat sick people, (6) the time when and the place where it is performed is specified, (7) those who are involved and the facilities used are specified as well. \n\nSecond, apart from what was described above, the monsehe ritual also contains the ideologies which are always referred to by the Culambacu ethnic people. Such ideologies are divided into two; they are the cosmological ideologies and the religious ideologies. The cosmological ideologies include (1) the ideology of the conservation of the nature, (2) the ideology of the conservation of culture, (3) the ideology of identity, and (4) the ideology of what is referred to as mehau. The religious ideology includes (1) THE ideology of forestry, (2) the ideology of rites (peweuha), (3) the ideology of human nature (totoahanto). \n\nThird, the totality of the monsehe ritual performed by the Culambacu ethnic people is accumulated in the forms of highly meaningful symbols. Such meanings include the religious meaning, the harmonious meaning, the educational meaning, the identity meaning, and social control meaning, and the solidarity meaning.", "start_char_idx": 7290, "end_char_idx": 10227, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "40ed1977-d8a9-44c8-adef-7febb3b22f79": {"__data__": {"id_": "40ed1977-d8a9-44c8-adef-7febb3b22f79", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15759", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "hash": "3882e04899f4fade74579d67501d81d3fbfdfff80f5832af8840415458ad42c7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5a923699-f5b0-4723-a606-20fe4a322ab0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "hash": "8c0bfe502e8285efb401af6662268141e9a686569747ee6ddf54ad121a4b29e1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "937fdcf8-4632-4c32-bb0e-de7dc6cacfcb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "60c21fca3151346583a9e227a3ed36b15b783e5ac5e4580f91a42f84eccbd6ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "What can be suggested in this present study are that (1) the government should pay more attention to various cultures or traditions of the indigenous people; it is also suggested that it should issue regulations \u2018Peraturan Daerah (PERDA)\u2019 which can protect the local culture, especially that which is still functional in its supporting community. Apart from being sensitive to the local tradition and culture, the government should support and provide space for those who support tradition in order to maintain and look after it. (2) It is hoped to the Culambacu ethnic people that they still maintain the monsehe ritual and the values it contains so it is still functional and serves as their ethnical identity. In addition, the values it has may also function as the medium for maintaining the morality of its supporting people and the Culambacu generation.\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank the supervisor and co-supervisors for their full attention, patience, wholeheartedness, supervision and suggestions during the completion of this study. Thanks are also expressed to the government of North Konawe Regency and the government of Wiwirano District for the permit provided to the writer to conduct this present study. A word of appreciation should go to the informants for the information and data needed in this present study.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nBarthes, Roland. 2003. Membedah Mitos-Mitos Budaya Massa. Yogyakarta & Bandung: Jalasutra.\n\nTilaar, H. A. R. 2007. Mengindonesiakan Etnisitas dan Identitas Bangsa Indonesia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta\n\nRatna, I Nyoman, Kutha. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kajian Budaya dan Ilmu Sosial Humaniora pada Umumnya. Pustaka Pelajar.\n\nMaleong, Lexy J. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Posdakarya.\n\nKaelan. 2008. Pendidikan Pancasila. Yogyakarta: Paradigma Offset\n\nMatsna. 1999. Orientasi Semantik Al-Zamakhsyari. Jakarta: Anglimedi.", "start_char_idx": 10231, "end_char_idx": 12154, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "937fdcf8-4632-4c32-bb0e-de7dc6cacfcb": {"__data__": {"id_": "937fdcf8-4632-4c32-bb0e-de7dc6cacfcb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15760", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "hash": "59f99196ee3904a09d2e3e0045e1131388fa09e62bf07d16ebf64b007dc69adb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "40ed1977-d8a9-44c8-adef-7febb3b22f79", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15759", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15759.doc"}, "hash": "44add9034205e02f24c85308fb7df7520893f292a1ecf90c76f894cec3acb83e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a0b010b8-ab0a-463a-9ea1-9930115c4476", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d5ef6a16ab4e13c6acf7f356317f4c709d82cf35af2174bf7a4daa9075823d9c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RITUAL AS POLITICS: RAJU CULTURAL PRACTICE \nIN PLURAL SOCIETY OF MBAWA, WEST NUSA TENGGARA\n\nAbdul Wahid\nI Wayan Ardika\n\nAron Meko Mbete\n\nEmiliana Mariyah\n\nState Institute of Islam Mataram\n\nemail: dipifanda@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\nSince the New Order government the religious politics has obliged residents to adhere to one of the five official religions, causing the Mbawa society to be a plural one. They have welcome Christianity and Islam, but they still maintain their old belief, that is, Parafu. Movements have appeared in the society. The people were between peace and conflict. The last movements led to violence, taking place in 1969, 1972, and 2000. The Raju cultural practice is maintained within the context of Islamic and Christian contestations, and has been used as the arena of cultural fight. This present study discusses how the Raju ritual frees itself and its supporting people from the conflict, and how it is transformed into a means of supervising peace. The perspective of the critical theory was used in the present study to explore the texts of the Mbawa society. The discourse analysis was used to guide the discussion. Based on the fieldwork done at Mbawa from 2011 to 2014, several constructions of the Raju cultural practices were found. First, the Raju practice refers to the maintenance of identity and supremacy of the Mbawa society as conserver of the ancestor\u2019s tradition; second, the Raju cultural practice functions as a mechanism of internal solidarity, so horizontal conflict can be avoided; and third, the Raju cultural practice plays a role as a means of revealing the \u201cresistance\u201d to as well as \u201cacceptance\u201d of the other people\u2019s cultural domination. The finding of the study gives better understanding of the tradition-based management of conflict. It is such a character which, to some extent, has caused the Raju cultural practice to be the practice of management conflict. The significant cultural position of the Mbawa plural society could be identified from the discursive space and its potential as means of communication. \nKeywords: plurality, resistance, accommodation, hegemony, and conflict management.\nINTRODUCTION \n\nThis present study focuses on the Mbawa people, a small ethnic group of people with a great issue, who live in the Bima mountainous area, West Nusa Tenggara. They are a plural society and live in contestation of Islam and Christianity. Their fully dynamic life had taken place since the Indonesian modern era, especially the New Order government. Such dynamic lives had changed their cultural structure. The Mbawa people (Dou Mbawa) who used to adhere to their local belief Parafu had converted into Muslims and Christians; some had converted from Christians into Muslims and some others had also converted from Muslims into Christians.  At that time their faith, Parafu, did not die out; even it seemed to be revitalized as an identity. In this case, the lives of the Dou Mbawa people became culturally ambiguous and problematic. Their \u2018pleasantry\u2019 lives had changed into a cultural tumult. Religious conflict with violence took place in 1969, 1972, and 2000. So far the Mbawa has been used as the arena of cultural fight among the local people (insiders), between the local people (insiders) and outsiders, and among the outsiders. As a tradition-based society, the Dou Mbawa people have found a communal morality-based natural solution (Just, 2001) which is performed through socio-cultural practices (Kadri et al, 2009). The Raju cultural practice, for example, was inherited and transformed in a situation and context in which the cultural fight took place.  In the Raju practice, the planting time which has involved Muslims and Christians and has been rooted from what is believed in Parafu, has been the hegemonic locus and contestation of various segments of society. \n\nThis present study reveals the meaning of the Raju cultural practice and its aspects for the Dou Mbawa  (Mbawa people) from the multicultural context and the relation of power in which they exist. The Raju cultural practice is an accumulation of knowledge and is an access to the exploration of the relation and fight of cultural entities (which are transformed into the local religion) versus religion (the universal religion), causing one to be marginalized and the other to be dominating.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4382, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a0b010b8-ab0a-463a-9ea1-9930115c4476": {"__data__": {"id_": "a0b010b8-ab0a-463a-9ea1-9930115c4476", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15760", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "hash": "59f99196ee3904a09d2e3e0045e1131388fa09e62bf07d16ebf64b007dc69adb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "937fdcf8-4632-4c32-bb0e-de7dc6cacfcb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "hash": "2ebf09169e7fcc4fcf1ca598d4abf4841f2fc51beef81db62b9c4a1b28448ddd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "eb9bae34-e495-4fec-a00e-366666e5fad5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "32cbe0f87382def3793cadfe7e69cbbef068b668259e4b19686c161258c07318", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD \n\nThis present study eclectically used the perspective of critical theories to reveal the political action behind the Raju cultural practice, and to describe the implicit actors in it. The data were obtained through fieldwork from 2011 to 2014 using the techniques of observation, interview, and documentation. Three texts were obtained; they are the social \u201ctext\u201d, the physical \u201ctext\u201d, and the text (without any quotation mark) of the Kasaro prayers recited at the peak of the Raju celebration. The study was guided by the discourse analysis which allowed the writer to find the \u2018referential code\u2019 which could lead to the cultural meaning of such a cultural practice. \nRESULT AND DISCUSSION\n\nBased on the result of the fieldwork, the writer proposed two arguments. First, the Raju cultural practice is an accumulation of knowledge and structural representation and social relation in the Mbawa community, as it contains social vision and interest. Second, the Raju cultural practice has been transformed into the strategy of communication, conflict management, and the way of overcoming hegemony. This argument contradicts the socio-religious map of the fully dynamic Mbawa community. The society which occupies the area which is located in the western part of the mountainous area of Bima City has been the locus of cultural contestations since the arrival of outsiders especially through the spreading practice of Islam and Christianity. Such two religious strengths entered through self image and the construction of the identity of the Mbawa people who are different in regard to their locality, religion and intensity (Hitchcock, 1996), as they live in a mountainous area and adhere to what is referred to as Parafu. In addition, their color is different from others\u2019. They are stated to be underdeveloped, \u2018kafir\u2019 (infidel) or \u2018muryrik\u2019 (polytheist), and \u201cthe others\u201d in the social relation. Based on that, intervention was introduced to them by the state using the ideology of development in various fields and by the universal religious groups, namely, Muslims and Christians. \n\nIf the government (the state) intervenes using the modus of physical and spiritual development, then Muslims and Christians, as the civil societies, strengthens the religious aspect through proselytizing and zending. Initially, the attempt made by the Christian group was more welcome, although Christianization had taken place after Islamization, starting from the sultanate era (Rahman,, 2011). As a consequence, the Mbawa people were better known as a Christian community than as the community of the Parafu followers. Furthermore, Mbawa was better known as the only center of Christians in the Bima territory which is mostly occupied by Muslims. Recently, reislamization has been more seriously activated to compensate the religious proselytizing and the \u2018defeat\u2019 against Christianity in the past. It is this which has figured the Mbawa society where various cultures, ideologies, and interests have fought against one another; therefore, it has been used as the locus of life.", "start_char_idx": 4384, "end_char_idx": 7469, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "eb9bae34-e495-4fec-a00e-366666e5fad5": {"__data__": {"id_": "eb9bae34-e495-4fec-a00e-366666e5fad5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15760", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "hash": "59f99196ee3904a09d2e3e0045e1131388fa09e62bf07d16ebf64b007dc69adb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a0b010b8-ab0a-463a-9ea1-9930115c4476", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "hash": "3f0525fb66b399c50d98120f04f081f244803d6d059cf559c664a3410ab158fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fb3decb0-9e24-479a-b100-c06838c255b4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "047d4acea7b6cd4968d6d74185f7e63a829f6c1c0c3c610acfad32988137f71a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The hegemony in the form of moral and intellectual leadership (Imam, 2010) has taken place in the Mbawa society through the new morality which is in the form of the universal religious teaching to replace the Parafu-based morality. How the Mbawa society has given response to such a new morality contains the \u2019art of secretly refusing\u2019 and the \u2018art of adapting.  \nThe \u2018text\u2019 or the hidden transcript implies the art of refuting domination (Scott,, 199) as illustrated by the deconstruction of \u201cPohon Wangi\u2019 (indicating the Muslim location) so that a church could be constructed; however, a mosque was constructed under the shelter of \u2018Pohon Bau\u2019 (the location of non-Muslims). The unification of the Muslim cemetery and Christian cemetery without any partition can be read as the refusal to the spatial separation of the Mbawa community based on the religious separation. There are still many other practices indicating refusal. \n\nThe art of accepting can be semiotically read from the appearance of the physical environment of Uma Ncuhi, the traditional house which represents  the Mbawa people\u2019s local culture and identity (Keane, 1995). The introduction of what is locally referred to sarange (terrace) as a new element of the Uma Ncuhi structure indicates the introduction of the modern element in the Mbawa tradition. The upright position of the house of the Bima urban style which is exactly constructed next to the Uma Ncuhi and the many Christian instruments it contains also indicate the interference of modernity. As far as the Raju cultural practice is concerned, there is a dance which is locally referred to as the Kalero dance, which is assumed to adopt the position and movement made by Muslims when they perform their ritual prayers. In the practice of Dewa, the therapy which is performed through magic formula (mantra) also looks like what is in Islam referred to as the tradition of Itikaf , that is, not moving while reciting the words from al-Quran until a certain atmosphere. What is the most visible is the structure of the Kasaro prayers recited at the peak of the Raju celebration.  The traditional prayers are mixed with the expressions adopted from the Islamic and Christian traditions. \n\nFrom what was described above, it can be stated that the Mbawa society has a structural strategy as a response to the external challenge, which operates between the bank in which resistance is shown and the bank in which adoption is made. As a cultural flexibility, they make use of the Raju cultural practice for managing the interest in the resistance to hegemony and the interest in the agreement with being dominated. In turn, the Raju cultural practice surpasses its basic function as a religious natural expression in order to enter the cultural phase of the public space and communication. As far as its last function is concerned, the Raju cultural practice functions as a place where various elements of the society get unified again after being trapped in the religious private spaces. They hold a discursive space in the form of \u201cParesa Rawi Rasa\u2019 as a place where and a time when they sit together to solve social problems without any hierarchy. That is the public space according to the Mbawa people; it is place where ideas, aspirations, and communal commitments are shared to form a communicative condition for the society as illustrated by Habermas (Hardiman, 2009). \n\nThe prayers and magic formula of Kasaro which are recited at the peak of such a meeting are more than simply religious texts or ritual languages. Kasaro is an \u2018instrument\u2019 for communicating with God and ancestors. It is also advice and reminder to the community and an instrument for speaking out with outsiders. In the Kasaro reading, there is a hierarchical aspect of knowledge which reflects the relation of power and distribution of power. In the Kasaro verses, there is a self identification which shows identity, consolidation of internal strength and \u2019sign\u2019 for outsiders who show politics. Thus, the Kasaro text, which is, in accordance with the Mbawa people, an instrument of political communication, is a communicative act. \n\nThe Raju discourse also produces the ontological knowledge as the basis of the doctrine of the relation among religions. Such ontological knowledge can be seen from the Paresa Tua practice, that is, the philosophical discussion among the elders concerning the essence of God, the creation of human beings, religious rituals, and even the origins of religions and their histories. It is this doctrine which serves as the basis of harmonious social relation, and contributes to morality and  the norm of social life in Mbawa society.", "start_char_idx": 7473, "end_char_idx": 12141, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fb3decb0-9e24-479a-b100-c06838c255b4": {"__data__": {"id_": "fb3decb0-9e24-479a-b100-c06838c255b4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15760", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "hash": "59f99196ee3904a09d2e3e0045e1131388fa09e62bf07d16ebf64b007dc69adb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "eb9bae34-e495-4fec-a00e-366666e5fad5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "hash": "0d62d45d2c4f67cb66528e83948eabd56e32f698bc4ba010d2efc06c364a6b4e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c2542a2f-fe70-4886-a64e-979a25294cd5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7bde0931fe49c6ff2c77f6ba764738e51542c60c38a8054a4594af005c063872", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Such a doctrine, the expression of \u2018refusing\u2019, and the expression of \u2018adopting\u2019, as far as the Mbawa people are concerned, are related to one another. It is this which has led to the accumulation of communal genius whose elements form an instrument used to supervise peace or the internal mechanism of avoiding conflicts among the Mbawa people. To outsiders, such wisdom has contributed to a social relation style with outsiders which gives emphasis on equality, how minor a group of people is. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nFrom what was briefly discussed and the reading of the texts above, it can be inferred that there is a connotation in the form of hidden hegemonic relation in the Dou Mbawa culture. In such a full relation of domination the Raju cultural practice shows its flexibility in playing a role in avoiding the local identity from being marginalized by the dominant culture. In the cultural adaptation process, the Islamic elements and Christian elements form the unique configuration of the Raju cultural practice which is highly colorful and dynamic. With such a character the Raju cultural practice, to some extent, has become the practice of conflict management. Such a significant cultural position for the Mbawa plural society can be identified from the discursive space made available and its potential to be used as a means of communication. \n\nFrom what was inferred above, the writer would like to reflectively recommend two suggestions. First, the state interference and the legitimacy of official religions should not marginalize the local tradition and identity; they should orient towards the local cultural strengthening, as it is the way in which any cultural opposition will not lead to disintegration. Second, the conflict management should not be structural as wisdom does not only belong to the state with its governmental bureaucracy. A society has knowledge which can be used to open its cultural mechanism to overcome its internal problems. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nThis article could not have been completed without the involvement of many parties such as the supervisor and co-supervisors, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. Aron Meko Mbete, and Dr. I Gede Mudana, M.Si. The last, in particular, provided the writer with the framework of what cultural studies are. \nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nHardiman, F.B. 2009. Menuju Masyarakat Komunikatif: Ilmu, Masyarakat, Politik dan Postmodernisme Menurut Jurgen Habermas. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.\n\nHitchcock, M. 1996. Islam and Identity in Eastern Indonesia. Hull: The University of Hull Press.\n\nImam, R.H. 2010. \u201c\u2019Masyarakat Warga\u2019 dalam Pemikiran Antonio Gramsci,\u201d dalam F. Budi Hardiman (ed.). Ruang Publik: Melacak \u2018Partisipasi Demokratis\u2019 dari Polis sampai Cyberspace. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.\n\nJust, P. 2001. Dou Donggo Justice: Conflict and Morality in an Indonesian Society. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. \n\nKadri dkk. 2009. \u201cSatu Leluhur Dua Agama: Dinamika Komunikasi Komunitas Islam-Kristen di Mbawa, Bima.\u201d Laporan Penelitian. Mataram: Lembaga Penelitian IAIN Mataram. \n\nKeane, W. 1995. \u201cThe Spoken House: Text, Act, and Object in Eastern Indonesia,\u201d American Ethnologist 22 (1): 102-124, American Anthropological Association.\n\nRahman, M.F. 2011. Islam di Bima: Kajian Historis Islamisasi Era Kesultanan. Mataram: Alamtara Institute.\n\nScott, J.C. 1990. Domination and the Art of Resistance. New Haven - London: Yale University Press.", "start_char_idx": 12145, "end_char_idx": 15553, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c2542a2f-fe70-4886-a64e-979a25294cd5": {"__data__": {"id_": "c2542a2f-fe70-4886-a64e-979a25294cd5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15761", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "3244e3af8f890deeac7c2bf53fb628fa595913e13eac46915a98868251510304", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fb3decb0-9e24-479a-b100-c06838c255b4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15760", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15760.doc"}, "hash": "ee4f53b3ece1bd88bd68c1b5cbfa2bce1bdaf73c9817edf62f079a25ff1bb0f9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "373e79b2-c2ad-4b05-827c-c3495810f2eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "06b1a06a399e8131dd3c1067c633fa9eb294df61db61a29c54a4bfddc340f8bc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO VILLAGES ON TELEVISION SCREEN:\n\nANALYSIS OF THE DISCOURSE OF BALI TV COVERAGE \nON KEMONING-BUDAGA CASE\n\nI Komang Arba Wirawan\nI Wayan Ardika\n\nAnak Agung Bagus Wirawan\nFilm and Television Study Program,\n\nFaculty of Arts and Design \nIndonesia Institute of the Arts Denpasar\n\nemail: arbawirawan10@gmail.com\nABSTRACT\n\nThis study is intended to analyze the discourse of Bali TV coverage on the Kemoning \u2013Budaga case, Bali, a conflict which took place on 17 September 2011, which  led to discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village \u2018desa pakraman\u2019. Such coverage of the case was considered blaming the Governor of Bali, Mangku Pastika. He was reported to intend to disperse the traditional villages in Bali. The Bali TV and Bali Post, which are under the Bali Post Media Group \u2018Kelompok Media Bali Post\u2019 (abbreviated to KMB) continuously exploited the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village subjectively. The Governor of Bali, Mangku Made Pastika, did not accept that and prosecuted the Bali Post in Denpasar Court of First Instance \u2018Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar\u2019. The theory of discourse, the theory of agenda setting, the framing theory, and the theory of semiotics are used in the present study. \n\nThe result of the analysis shows that the conflict between Kemoning Village and Budaga Village covered by the Bali Post was an extended discourse of the Bali Post printed media which was managed using a clear setting agenda for the social, political, and ideological interests of the KMB\u2019s Ajeg Bali.  The relation between the Governor of Bali, Mangku Made Pastika, and KMB, which was good in the beginning, changed into a serious conflict. It is interesting to explore the discourse of the Bali TV\u2019s news release which aggravated the conflict in order to identify the subjective agenda of the news broadcasting policy and the counter discourse as the response to it. The main data of the present study are the discourse of the news released by the Bali TV on the Kemoning-Budaga case. The data were in the forms of the documents of the materials which were once presented. The Governor of Bali, Mangku Made Pastika, made use of the Department of the Public Relations of the Government of Bali Province and the media beyond the KMB such as the TVRI Bali and Radar Bali to present his counter discourse. The discourse on the Kemoning-Budaga Case shows a real example how the mass media do not pay attention to objectivity for the sake of power. \nKeywords: discourse, agenda setting, framing, and counter discourse, traditional village\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\nThe press world, including television, has entered a new area in the era of reformation which started in 1998 for several reasons. The first reason is that the permit needed to establish a television station is made to be easier. The second reason is that all the television stations are free to produce news. Since then both the national television station and local television station have made news as one of their superior programs in order to improve their rating or to show their identities off. In the middle of September 2011 the Bali TV successively reported the news that the Governor of Bali, Made Mangku Pastika, would disperse the traditional village. Such news was exposed by the Bali Post and KMB. Mangku Pastika disagreed with the news and stated that the Bali Post was less professional as it spread false news. Even he prosecuted the Bali Post in court for having spread false news. There had never been any case of news coverage involving two great strengths in Bali; therefore, it is interesting to explore it from the perspective of mass media. \n\nThis present study is intended to analyze the discourse on \u201cthe dispersal of the traditional village\u201d in the Bali Post\u2019s news coverage after the conflict between Kemoning Village and Budaga Village, Klungkung, Bali, took place. There were several reasons why the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village was chosen and interesting. The first reason was, in accordance with the Bali Post, that the discourse of the traditional village was considered damaging what is referred to as Ajeg Bali, a moral movement which is intended to conserve the Balinese culture, including the traditional village. The second reason, in accordance with Mangku Pastika, was that the discourse on the dispersal of the traditional village was considered subjective and less professional.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4479, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "373e79b2-c2ad-4b05-827c-c3495810f2eb": {"__data__": {"id_": "373e79b2-c2ad-4b05-827c-c3495810f2eb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15761", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "3244e3af8f890deeac7c2bf53fb628fa595913e13eac46915a98868251510304", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c2542a2f-fe70-4886-a64e-979a25294cd5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "255fbd30270a703c5255df9e7ab67145aa7f4584b620cadc07bed1debbe774c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fb67e6e2-0b8a-4c39-acba-b430daa282cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "eb01441cd7d0ba92a29ec74659ddbe3d9ae82bcb65e43b6cadf72dbdf27d322e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The legal claim made by Mangku Pastika to the Bali Post, which had almost never taken place, attracted the public attention. The reason is that the Bali Post and Bali TV belong to one group and that the Bali TV viewers spread both in the urban and rural areas. What is interesting is that how the Bali TV constructed the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village. \n\nThe theories used in the present study are the theory of discourse, the theory of agenda setting, the framing theory, and the theory of semiotics which are used eclectically. The theory of discourse was used to deconstruct the objective and meaning (Foucault, 2002: 228) of the construction of the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village on the Bali TV news. The theory of agenda setting was used to identify the working process of the press when preparing information on, opinions and issues about the discourse of dispersal of the traditional village which was used as the center of the attention paid to by the Bali TV and KMB (Tamburaka, 2012). The framing theory was used to analyze how the dispersal of the traditional village was presented in the journalistic practice by the Bali TV and KMB.  The theory of semiotics was used to analyze all aspects and meaning of a sign in communication, words, pictures and so forth (Hoed, 2011: 3). It was also used to interpret the meaning of the text, expression and visual in the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village.\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\nThis present study was designed to use qualitative approach and phonological approach using the paradigm of critical research, namely, the thinking paradigm which views massages as the struggle for power, politics, and ideology. Fairclough (2009) stated that a discourse was manifested through various forms in general and language and other symbols in particular. Therefore, a discourse cannot be viewed as the reflection or the representation of an entity and a social relation; it should be viewed as a construction (Saparingga, 2000: 1). \n\nThe present study was conducted at several places in Denpasar such as at office of the Local Indonesian Broadcasting Committee \u2018Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia Daerah Bali (KPID)\u2019 and at the office of the Bali TV. A number of interviews were also held at several places in Denpasar. The main data of the present study was in the form of the dispersal of the traditional village which was broadcast by the Bali TV. This issue appeared after the conflict between Kemoning Village and Budaga Village, Klungkung, Bali, took place. The data were in the form of the materials which were presented and documented. The supporting data were also obtained from the printed media clippings and online media. \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nAmong many issued printed mass media, the Bali Post and Radar Bali are very popular, and among the electronic media especially television media, the Bali TV and Dewata TV are very popular. The Bali Post\u2019s owner established what is referred to as \u2018Kelompok Media Bali Post (KMB)\u2019 (the Bali Post Media Group). The Bali TV as part of KMB is highly influential as it has been the first private television station in Bali. It has many viewers as it presents the programs which are used as the microphone of the KMB\u2019s ideology, namely, what is referred to as Ajeg Bali. The relation between the Governor of Bali, Mangku Made Pastika, and KMB, which used to be good, was becoming a serious relation.", "start_char_idx": 4480, "end_char_idx": 7926, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fb67e6e2-0b8a-4c39-acba-b430daa282cf": {"__data__": {"id_": "fb67e6e2-0b8a-4c39-acba-b430daa282cf", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15761", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "3244e3af8f890deeac7c2bf53fb628fa595913e13eac46915a98868251510304", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "373e79b2-c2ad-4b05-827c-c3495810f2eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "e62fe0d919ef49cde53339652759df54c4bf061d7c01ef3544e6ebbb63333b47", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8e626144-aa71-41ae-9b15-bfd7a67be8df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "609dfdf5b1e5058d1836bbfe3992e5033e353011de08386caf45b119dcdb64ee", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The conflict resulted from the news that the Governor of Bali, Made Mangku Pastika, was reported to intend to disperse the traditional village. The Governor could not accept that. The Bali Post successively reported the dispersal of the traditional village as if it had blamed the Governor\u2019s position. Finally, the Governor of Bali made a summation and prosecuted the Bali Post to court. The court of first instance \u2018Pengadilan Negeri (PN)\u2019 and the Appellate Court \u2018Pengadilan Tinggi (PT)\u2019 granted what was claimed by Mangku Pastika; however, the Supreme Court \u2018Mahkamah Agung\u2019 granted the appeal made by the Bali Post. \n\nFirst, the framing and  agenda setting of the Bali TV contributed to the creation of the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village. Second, the media cultural factor, the economic and political factor, and the ideological factor also lead to the creation of the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village. Third, the Governor of Bali, Mangku Pastika, used the public relations division of the Government of Bali Province and the media beyond the KMB such as TVRI, Radar Bali, Bali Express, and Warta Bali to present this counter discourse. The Bali Express newspaper did not expose the dispersal of the traditional village at all, and Warta Bali implied that the Governor never disturbed the press freedom. \n\nThe production process of the creation of the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village resulted from the attempt made by the Bali TV to delegitimize the Governor of Bali through framing, and the continued  agenda setting of the dispersal of the traditional village. The reproduction of the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village contained the struggle between the ideology of the media power and the ruler\u2019s power. They competed to win the public opinion, which became split; some supported the Bali TV and some supported the Governor of Bali. \n\nThe Bali TV\u2019s power produced the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village by choosing the speakers who supported its ideology. However, the Governor of Bali won the public opinion by inviting an expert in national communication named Tjipta Lesmana as the counter discourse was set as part of a seminar which was widely covered by the local media. \n\n\nSecond, the factors which supported the process of the creation of the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village, which caused the Governor\u2019s position to be widely questioned, resulted from the selected processes, the results of interviews, and the pictures (visual) which were framed. The superlative titles of texts such as \u201cCok Rat Mangku Pastika Jangan Emosi\u201d[Cok Rat Asked Mangku Pastika Not to Be Emotional], \u201cKomitment Gubernur Jaga Bali Dipertanyakan\u201d [The Governor\u2019s Commitment to Saving Bali Is Questioned], \u201cBerjia Kesatria\u201d [Be Brave], \u201cGubernur Mestinya Minta Maaf\u201d [ the Governor Should Apologize] did not reflect any accurate event or reality. \n\nThe Governor and Bali TV fought against each other in order to obtain sympathy and support from the Balinese society. The Governor stated that he never stated the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village. However, the Bali Post stated the opposite by presenting Tjok Gede Agung as the speaker. That means that there were two discourses which competitively struggled for the public opinion; some agreed with the discourse the dispersal of the traditional village and some did not. The reason was that each party viewed the event from different angles.  \n\n\nThird, the Governor of Bali, Mangku Mastika, who felt being blamed, did what he could do to face the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village which was strongly and critically constructed by the Bali Post, starting from using the right to answer, prosecuting the Bali Post, and making a counter discourse in order to straighten out the news released by the KMB which was considered being not in accordance with the fact. The counter discourse was made using the media beyond the KMB such as the TVRI Bali, Radar Bali, Bali Express, and Warta Bali. The Governor also held meetings attended by the society leaders in order to clarify the event by showing the video recording of the plenary session held by the Regional Legislative Assembly \u2018Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Bali (DPRD)\u2019 and the witnesses who watched the conflict between Kemoning and Budaga.\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION", "start_char_idx": 7930, "end_char_idx": 12356, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8e626144-aa71-41ae-9b15-bfd7a67be8df": {"__data__": {"id_": "8e626144-aa71-41ae-9b15-bfd7a67be8df", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15761", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "3244e3af8f890deeac7c2bf53fb628fa595913e13eac46915a98868251510304", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fb67e6e2-0b8a-4c39-acba-b430daa282cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "4bb535a179b403db9c8f1c6489940a669073d8ccfddb2a9dad2c896d1a28a053", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3c6871d4-aa72-48f0-92bd-f40ad0846ad5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "06af2dea6051177b45a004c1e8857656a1a461488caaac4691939af27f1bf11f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Based on what was described and analyzed above, it was found that the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village covered by the Bali TV after the conflict took place between Kemoning and Budaga, Klungkung, was an extended discourse of the Bali Post printed media which was managed using the clear  agenda setting for the social, political, and ideological interests of the KMB, namely, what is referred to as the KMB\u2019s Ajeg Bali.\n\nFirst, the news coverage was not objective and was in accordance with the journalistic ethics as it presented misinformation and could disturb the people. The analysis of what had happened to the discourse covered by the Bali TV and the KMB mass media after the conflict between Kemoning and Budaga took place showed the subjective and less professional journalistic work as facts and opinions were combined. The Bali Post journalist and the Bali TV journalist did not ask the key source, namely, the Governor of Bali, Made Mangku Pastika, for his confirmation. The only his statement was quoted. Such a practice was considered incorrect by the Press Board \u2018Dewan Pers\u2019 as an obligation as specified in article 3 of the Journalistic Code \u2018Kode Etik Jurnalistik (KEJ)\u2019.\n\nSecond, the less professional press work could lead to a counter attack to the press itself through a counter discourse and even to being persecuted to court. When the Governor of Bali, Mangku Pastika, felt that he was blamed for the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village, the Governor did his best to make a counter discourse using the mass media beyond the Bali Post, Bali TV, and KMB. In addition, he also prosecuted the Bali Post to court. Although in this legal process Mangku Pastika was the loser, the step he had taken was a lesson for the press that it should work professionally, and for the people that the press did not always present facts objectively. \n\nFirst, it is suggested to the media management that it should work professionally. Second, it is suggested to the social and its leaders that they should more critically read the content of the news. In addition, they should also understand the real construction of the television discourse. That is important as the discursive practice applied by the editorial staff is the television program which is also the activity of constructing events. The news program tends to be constructed by the national and local television stations. The society leaders, whom are used as the speakers, should give their comments more critically (based on data and facts) and understand the matters which are discussed. That means that the comments they give do not support any particular interests. In addition, it is expected that they should give their opinions carefully.\n\nThird, it is suggested to the government that, when facing any conflict with the press, it should be wiser as it plays a strategic role in supervising the press community. Such a supervisor should be intended to improve the quality of the journalists through the programs which can improve their competencies in producing news. The government should facilitate the training which is held to improve the professionalism of the press institution. \n\n\nFinally, it is suggested to the researchers in the future that they should explore the cases of the subjective news coverage in the framework of giving good media education to the society. This study only focuses on the case of the discourse of the dispersal of the traditional village which was responsible for the conflict taking place between the Bali Post, Bali TV and KMB and the Governor of Bali, Mangku Pastika. There are many matters pertaining to the media which are already over and are not recognized as problems. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT", "start_char_idx": 12359, "end_char_idx": 16104, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3c6871d4-aa72-48f0-92bd-f40ad0846ad5": {"__data__": {"id_": "3c6871d4-aa72-48f0-92bd-f40ad0846ad5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15761", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "3244e3af8f890deeac7c2bf53fb628fa595913e13eac46915a98868251510304", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8e626144-aa71-41ae-9b15-bfd7a67be8df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "018499c8c3236c9eda376fac93991451f303efde32cddc2cb811871bdfef3ab6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "914c2d58-27e4-4f2a-aa7f-1381957b1dd3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d5e44a15e0dd907c752900b7ca37414f40fac42c2debd21c509da1ab8422a8e8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The writer would like to thank and respect Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Darma Putra, M.Litt., as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A. as Co-supervisor I, Dr. I Gede Arya Sugiartha, S. Kar., M.Hum., as Co-supervisor II. The writer would also like to thank all the informants from KMB, Radar Bali, Bali Express, and Warta Bali.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nChandler, Daniel. 2007. Semiotic: The Basic. USA and Canada: Routledge.\n\nEriyanto. 2002. Analisis Framing: Konstruksi, Ideologi, dan Politik Media. Yogyakarta: LkiS.\n\nFairclough, Norman. 2009. Critical Discourse Analysis. The Critical Study of Language. Sydney: Macquarie University\n\nFoucault, Michel. 2002. Power/Knowledge: Wacana Kuasa/Pengetahuan. \n\nJogjakarta: Bentang Budaya.\n\nHoed, H. Benny. 2011. Semiotik dan Dinamika Sosial Budaya. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.\n\nSparringa, Daniel. 2000. Analisis Wacana: Teori dan Konsep Wacana. Surabaya: Fisip Unair.\n\nTamburaka, Apriadi. 2012. Agenda Setting Media Massa. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.", "start_char_idx": 16109, "end_char_idx": 17085, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "914c2d58-27e4-4f2a-aa7f-1381957b1dd3": {"__data__": {"id_": "914c2d58-27e4-4f2a-aa7f-1381957b1dd3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15762", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "hash": "3bba251452ff5e15278d5283bd4db93a042ef30ec28e9c7b64ad3d51a7f69989", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3c6871d4-aa72-48f0-92bd-f40ad0846ad5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15761", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15761.doc"}, "hash": "b2456ae836496b3e1555f2e48ffa6e5327d6a72cd627100f155d27630c9b2b6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4388ba5a-6c0f-49a3-9c4d-ec7243bf0f59", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "35505e65ec3f56d33ba9fb77a75127df0d7aec5753a15a56c7b7a5ed88d159b6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "STEREOTYPE OF MADURESE ETHNIC PEOPLE MADE BY JAVANESE ETHNIC PEOPLE  THROUGH HUMORS \nAkhmad Tabrani\n\nAron Meko Mbete\n\nI Made Suastika\n\nEmiliana Mariyah\n\nMalang University of Islam\n\nemail: akh_tabrani@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\nThis study was inspired by several things such as (1) there was a negative impression on the Madurese ethnic people\u2019s attitude and behavior, (2) the conflict taking place between the Madurese ethnic people and the other ethnic groups which resulted from the wrong impression on the Madurese ethnic people, (3) there was a close contact between the attitude and behavior of the Madurese ethnic people  and the attitude and behavior of the other ethnic peoples outside Madura. This present study was intended to identify the form, factor, and impact of the stereotype of the Madurese ethnic people made by the Javanese ethnic people through humors. The data in the present study were collected through in-depth interview, observation, documentary study, and library research. \n\nThere were several factors which contributed to the stereotype of the Madurese ethnic people made by the Javanese ethnic people through humors such as (a) education, (b) legitimacy of violence, (c) ideology, (d) the resistance of the Madurese ethnic people to the Javanese ethnic people, and (e) the Madurese people\u2019s attitude and behavior. The stereotype on the Madurese ethnic people was created to give an inaccurate image although to some extent it was true. The ethnical humor leads to ethnical stereotype. The ethnical humor, which, in this case, was created by the dominant ethnic people, which, in this case, the Javanese ethnic people, contained satire, dislike, hatred, insulting, praise, and resistance of the Madurese ethnic people to the Javanese ethnic people. \nKeywords: stereotype, humor, Javanese, Madurese, hegemony.\nINTRODUCTION\n\nThere were three things which had inspired this present study. They are 1) there was a negative impression on the attitude and behavior of the Madurese ethnic people which had resulted from the hegemony and domination of the Javanese culture over the Madurese culture, (2) the conflict between the Madurese ethnic people and other ethnic people which had resulted from a wrong impression on the Madurese ethnic people, 3) the attitude and behavior of the Madurese ethnic people when making contacts with the other ethnic people outside Madura who had been trapped by the impression that the Madurese ethnic people were not objective: impolite, obstinate, untidy, and na\u00efve. \n\nThe impression of the other ethnic people, especially the closest ethnic people, that is, the Javanese ethnic people, with whom the Madurese ethnic people frequently made contact, interacted, and communicated, on the Madurese ethnic people was frequently negative; the Madurese ethnic people were stated to be uneducated and stupid. In addition, the Madurese ethnic people could not be separated from the image of violence and impoliteness. Such a stereotype was also responsible for another stereotype on the Madurese ethnic people in, for example, their religious behavior, occupation, how they communicated, and the other characteristics which were attached to the Madurese people. The type of stereotype on the Madurese ethnic people can be classified as the ethnical stereotype, that is, the belief which was maintained and the conception of those belonging to particular ethnic groups (Warnaen, 2002: 121).\n\nIronically, although Indonesia is already independent and the knowledge of the Madurese ethnic people has improved, such a stereotype is still maintained. Rifai (2007: 86) highlighted that the negative image of the Madurese people was made to be worse by a number of Madurese ethnic people who were less educated and intentionally showed off the negative impression on them with an objective that other ethnic people would get frightened.\n\nThis present study is relevant to the cultural studies, as it analyzes the social movement which manifests in various ethnical conflicts between the Madurese ethnic people and the Javanese ethnic people triggered by the wrong impression on the Madurese ethnic people. In particular, this present study is intended to identify the form, factor and impact of the stereotype on the Madurese ethnic people through humors made by the Javanese ethnic people. It was hoped that there would be several novelties which might academically and practically lead to solutions to the inter relations among ethnic groups. \nRESEARCH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 46, "end_char_idx": 4544, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4388ba5a-6c0f-49a3-9c4d-ec7243bf0f59": {"__data__": {"id_": "4388ba5a-6c0f-49a3-9c4d-ec7243bf0f59", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15762", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "hash": "3bba251452ff5e15278d5283bd4db93a042ef30ec28e9c7b64ad3d51a7f69989", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "914c2d58-27e4-4f2a-aa7f-1381957b1dd3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "hash": "2633e0f865562345e8a74a1b791a7d15ab267a2e61a6f70ed807af89cb934d9f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3901b761-ba61-4141-87ae-3e6fe5844d1c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2a8c161353b8d65268f6b1e491d3f5dbb2868c5d2b3c4581b1393cd809ddb5ff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Based on the field of the study which is observed, this present study is classified as the qualitative study. The hermeneutic method was used to analyze the social phenomenon in the form of the matter pertaining to the cross culture or the relation among ethnic groups which is frequently responsible for any conflict resulting from a stereotype.  The data which were used in the present study are naturalistic in nature and were obtained from the informants using the purposive sampling technique with the snowball sampling principle. The qualitative as well as quantitative data were used, obtained through in-depth interview, observation, documentary study, and library research. The data were descriptively, qualitatively and interpretatively analyzed using the inductive method. Then the result of the study was reported in a descriptive and narrative way.\n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\n\nThe humors which contain stereotypes are (1) Wetengi Loro, (2) Tidak Kebagian Kedudukan, (3) Jubah Putih, (4) Radio Transitor, (5) Kirangan, (6) Booooaaaboooo, (7) Penumpang VIP, (8) Tinggi Tiang Bendera, (9) Tukang Becak yang Goblok, (10) Jaksa Agung Soedjiono, (11) Pertanyaan Kritis Pak Kiai, (12) Juru Bicara Gus Dur, (13) Kencing Terlalu Jauh, (14) Tukang Sate Madura, (15) Tanda Tangan, (16) Burung Penari, (17) Nang-Ning-Nong, (18) KTP, (19) SIM, (20) Kapal Singapura, (21) Rangkap Jabatan, (22) Carok, (23) Kehormatan Keluarga, (24) Hispanmisje, (25) Salak Kecut Semua, (26) Semangka Non-biji, (27) Foto Wakil Presiden, (28) Jubah Putih, (29) Sholat Nomer Dua, (30) Berkali-kali Melakukan Ibadah Haji, (31) Patuh pada Ulama, (32) Tidak Melakukan Seks Pranikah, (33) Libido Berlebihan, (34) Natural Behavior Wanita Madura, and (35) Mengaduk Kopi. \n\nBased on the result of the study the forms of the stereotype on the Madurese ethnic people made by the Javanese ethnic people through humors are as follows: the Madurese ethnic people were stupid, humorist, religious, stubborn, outspoken, honest, dirty, efficient, stingy, kind, traditional, quickly getting angry, not flexible, aggressive, diligent, and sensual. \n\n\nThe Madurese people were not interested in formal education; most of them graduated from non formal education \u2018pesantren\u2019 (school of Koranic studies). How they viewed education could be observed from their tendency to send their children to the religious institutions rather than to the public educational institutions.", "start_char_idx": 4547, "end_char_idx": 6977, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3901b761-ba61-4141-87ae-3e6fe5844d1c": {"__data__": {"id_": "3901b761-ba61-4141-87ae-3e6fe5844d1c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15762", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "hash": "3bba251452ff5e15278d5283bd4db93a042ef30ec28e9c7b64ad3d51a7f69989", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4388ba5a-6c0f-49a3-9c4d-ec7243bf0f59", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "hash": "b8f9147f89f2e4508dd79b0b0dd2d360d008884ad0390beeaebe0492e1dad3ee", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9ba7ca98-3dc9-42bb-b61a-4dfa04226175", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "85945302515371f5ad6dd7379b525505a4a6473494948b1b1d6149e1295bd9de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The religious leaders and \u2018kiai\u2019 had justified the principle of looking after one\u2019s self since a long time ago. It was true that the Madurese people were trapped by their point of view that they should be hard and brave, as imaged. The image of being hard and brave could not be hidden when facing problems. Therefore, the Madurese ethnic people with low profile were sometimes asked whether they were really the Madurese people or not. \n\nThe Madurese people, based on the religion they adhere to, believed that how they behaved could be legally and religiously justified, although it might be possible that such a behavior was narrowly defined. In general, the ideology and way of belief could be generally considered the subjective possibility which was believed by individuals that an object or event had certain characteristics.  The Madurese people\u2019s belief and ideology constitute a system of belief which contains all faiths and the human imagination of the God\u2019s natures, the supernatural form; and every value, norm, myth, and religious teaching. Such a pattern of belief was manifested by people or the social unity within the Madurese ethnic people\u2019s system of belief.\n\nThe Madurese people disliked being treated not in accordance with the real condition. Resistance which has frequently appeared in the human civilization is a social phenomenon which takes place in the form of conflicts of collective, ethnical, economic, and political interests. It may also take place in the form of conflict of power and conflict of religious ideologies. The Madurese ethnic people who lived outside Madura, especially in Java, became the minority ethnic group which was improperly treated. Apart from being ethnically and culturally different, the Madurese people living in Java, especially those who were involved informal sectors, were working hard people. They often made direct contact with the Javanese ethnic people in the markets where many Madurese people also sold commodities. \n\nAttitude is a tendency which is acquired by learning to give response to an object consistently. Such a pattern of attitude is learned in a cultural context. Environment forms the attitude and behavior of people, and determines how people give their response to a problem. Similarly, the attitude of the Madurese people is considered a behavior which is based on their belief in how to give response to life in order to make the order of their lives balanced. The attitude or behavior of the Madurese people is based on (1) their belief in Almighty God, (2) the system of social stratification, (3) the self-esteem which is attached to the Madurese people and (4) the system of kinship. It is these bases which become the foundation of what they do. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\n\nIt can be inferred from the present study that the Madurese people\u2019s character had been formed by the geographical condition. Geographically, Madura Island is hot, dry, and less fertile. Stereotype can be understood as what has been well known by most people who belong to the same ethnic group of other ethnic groups and their own ethnic group as well. In social life, the ethnical stereotype appears from a long and complex social process. The stereotype of the Madurese ethnic group had been created to make an inaccurate image although, to some extent, what is stereotyped is true.\n\nAn ethnical humor leads to an ethnical stereotype. The ethnical humor, which was created by the dominant ethnic group, which, in this case, is the Javanese ethnic group, contains satires, dislike, hatred, praise, and insulting. \n\nIt is suggested that further study should be conducted to explore various aspects of the stereotype made by the Javanese ethnic group on the Madurese ethnic group through humors appearing from a long relation between the two ethnic groups.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT", "start_char_idx": 6982, "end_char_idx": 10823, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9ba7ca98-3dc9-42bb-b61a-4dfa04226175": {"__data__": {"id_": "9ba7ca98-3dc9-42bb-b61a-4dfa04226175", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15762", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "hash": "3bba251452ff5e15278d5283bd4db93a042ef30ec28e9c7b64ad3d51a7f69989", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3901b761-ba61-4141-87ae-3e6fe5844d1c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "hash": "e08060b1d183152fa9831c95948679dc6f7a8b350552286a01d0273b98252795", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c63f02ff-1a2d-4d86-ab6a-b58783ac17f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5530d88d0b03770ad1e0da35eeac1cb29903b1473ae6ee3edad3497201b49d0b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. Aron Meko Mbete as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U. as Co-supervisor I and Prof. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, M.S. as Co-supervisor II for their concepts, time, ideas, and energy during the completion of the present study.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAri, D. 2012. Bila Kacong Jadi Presiden. Mati Ketawa Ala Madura. Surabaya: Parodi Book.\n\nBarker, Chris. 2004. Cultural Studies. Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.\n\nBogardus, E.S. 1950. \u201cStrereotypes versus Sosiotypes\u201d dalam Social and Soc. Res., hlm. 34, 286-291.\n\nBouvier, Helene. 2002. Lebur: Seni Musik dan Pertunjukan dalam Masyarakat Madura. Jakarta: Forum Jakarta-Paris Ecole Francaised\u2019Extreme-Orient Yayasan Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia. \n\nDanandjaja, James. 1991. Folklor Indonesia: Ilmu Gosip, Dongeng, dan lain-lain. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.\n\nJonge, Huub de. 1995. Stereotypes of the Madures. Dalam Dijk, K. van, Jonge Huub de, & Touwen Bouwsma, E. (eds.) Across Madura Strait: The Dinamic of as Insular Society, Proceedings KITLV 2: 7-24. \n\nKuntowijoyo. 2002. Perubahan Sosial dalam Masyarakat Agraris Madura 1850 \u2013 1940. Yokyakarta: Mata Bangsa. \n\nLiliwery,A. 2005. Prasangka dan Konflik. Komunikasi Lintas Budaya Masyarakat \n\nRifa\u2019i, Mien Ahmad. 2007. Manusia Madura: Pembawaan, Perilaku, Etos Kerja, Penampilan, dan Pandangan Hidupnya seperti Dicitrakan Peribahasanya. Yokyakarta: Pilar Media.\n\nSuprana, Jaya. 2013. Humorologi. Jakarta: Gramedia.\n\nTejo, H. Sujiwo. 2001. Kelakar Madura buat Gus Dur. Yogyakarta: Lotus. \n\nWiyata, Latief. 2002. Carok: Konflik Kekerasan dan Harga Diri Orang Madura. Yokyakarta: LkiS.", "start_char_idx": 10827, "end_char_idx": 12512, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c63f02ff-1a2d-4d86-ab6a-b58783ac17f3": {"__data__": {"id_": "c63f02ff-1a2d-4d86-ab6a-b58783ac17f3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15763", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "hash": "56774770059bdcc51a437b50d4746dc6e4ac9ab91a56b7d1542753b7c9681dec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9ba7ca98-3dc9-42bb-b61a-4dfa04226175", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15762", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15762.doc"}, "hash": "71c1c39e27127e7592a99bcb5f30ad80b96c63db4c13e281029e327f923f8ed7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6b4e251a-d935-4417-972b-b3d88e7e12c8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "320b06e9cff858cc5c7962d3a2a26bda1aae9e0b53409c0dfe8b4c9344f0d93f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "COMMODIFICATION OF CUTURAL HERITAGE AS TOURIST ATTRACTION \nAT PENATARAN SASIH TEMPLE, PEJENG, GIANYAR\nAnak Agung Gd Raka\nI Wayan Ardika\n\nAnak Agung Bagus Wirawan\n\nI Ketut Setiawan\n\nFaculty of Letters, Warmadewa University, Denpasar\n\ne-mail: dapurpoleng@gmail.com\nABSTRACT\n\nPenataran Sasih Temple with the cultural heritage it has is located at Pejeng Village, Gianyar, and is commodified as a tourist attraction. There are three problems which are formulated in the present study. They are (1) what was the cultural heritage  which Penataran Sasih Temple, Pejeng, Gianyar, has like; (2) how the process of commodification of the cultural heritage which the Penataran Sasih Temple has took place; (3) what were the impact and meaning of the commodification of the cultural heritage which the Pentaran Sasih Temple has on the people living at Pejeng Village. In general, this present study is intended to identify the commodification of the cultural heritage which the Penataran Sasih Temple has. In particular, this present study is intended to identify the form of the commodification of the cultural heritage, understand the process of the commodification, and explain the impact and meaning of the commodification. The qualitative method was used in the present study. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, and library research. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. \n\nIt could be inferred that the cultural heritages included (a) the kettledrum \u201cBulan Pejeng\u201d, the other cultural heritages, and the religious ritual; (b) the commodified cultural heritages were distributed by the government, profit organizations, academicians, and traditional organizations; and (c) the commodified cultural heritages were consumed by the local society, non Balinese society, and international society. \n\nKeywords: commodification, cultural heritage, tourist attraction\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\nThe commodification of cultural heritages in the globalization era is common in Bali. As a product of global cultural product, commodification surpasses the boundaries of traditional territories (Salazar, 2006: 188), what is sacred and what is profane. It is indicated by the fact that there are many cultural heritages which are used as cultural heritages. The global culture which uses money as the social strength can shake the attitude and behavior of the local people who are strong enough to conserve the local wisdom (Hoed, 2011: 211). The capitalistic culture has caused the cultural heritage to be commodified. Such a phenomenon has taken place at the Penataran Sasih Temple. Based on such a phenomenon, this present study discusses the cultural heritages which are commodified as tourist attractions. The title of the study is \u201cCommodification of the cultural heritage as a tourist attraction at Penataran Sasih Temple, Pejeng, Gianyar\u201d. \n\nIn general, this present study is intended to identify and understand the commodification of the cultural heritage at Penataran Sasih Temple. It has been intentionally produced as a commodity which contains what is intended by power. In particular, this present study is intended to identify the form of commodification, the process how it took place, and its impact and meaning on the people living at Pejeng Village. In theory, it was expected that the result of the present study could find new findings which can enrich the scientific treasure; and in practice, it was expected that the result of the present study could give information to the local people, those who are responsible for maintaining the temple, the village\u2019s leaders, and the Hindu leaders on the existence of the cultural heritage in the globalization era and on how to manage it as a sustainable tourist attraction. \n\nRESEACH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 3820, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6b4e251a-d935-4417-972b-b3d88e7e12c8": {"__data__": {"id_": "6b4e251a-d935-4417-972b-b3d88e7e12c8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15763", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "hash": "56774770059bdcc51a437b50d4746dc6e4ac9ab91a56b7d1542753b7c9681dec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c63f02ff-1a2d-4d86-ab6a-b58783ac17f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "hash": "b1a72f04884ac6c7534ea1aab8c6d7d9e77c240682c8554c97d771c566f60954", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c42a823e-4086-41d0-a55f-7f6b6b332666", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7805184224f69ef134ee18aa0958ec9be1a055b080b881e8232517ac8ceabe4f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In this present study, the critical qualitative approach was used, meaning that various phenomena were thoroughly observed and listened to. The critical research method was used to collect, process, and analyze the data. During the process of collecting the data, various phenomena in the field were critically observed, questions were critically addressed, and informants were critically listened to. In addition, references were also critically referred to. The data were accurately analyzed to make them valid. \nDISCUSSION\n\nCommodification is a phenomenon which is interesting to be talked about in the current era. The reason is that commodification presents something which is unique, making it different from what happened in the previous eras. Commodification is stated to be unique as the commodity which is used to attain money is something which is new. Such a commodity is not limited to the control over manpower, product, and service but also includes other aspects. The things which were not used as commodities are then used as commodities and include education, religious symbols, death, and parts of the human body. However, the fact that people would like to have better and greater lives have been responsible for this (Benjamin in Jenny Edkins-Nick Voughan Williams, 2010: 112), meaning that money is used as their social strength. Such a thing has happened to the Balinese people, especially those who live at a tourist destination. The globalized cultural tradition has caused the local people\u2019s attitude and behavior to change, from the social religious attitude and behavior into the social economic attitude and behavior (Ardika, 2015: ix), meaning that the local people, including those living at Pejeng Village, have been affected by the capitalistic culture. \n\nThe products which are used as commodities are (a) the kettledrum \u201cBulan Pejeng\u201d with its uniqueness (Kempers, 1960: 63; Bintaro, 1985: 86), which is supported by the myth entitled \u201cRatu Bintang\u201d that the kettledrum was a moon falling down from the sky;  such a myth is narrated in the forms of books, articles, journals, brochures,  inscriptions, the social media texts; (b) the Penataran Sasih Temple (10-23 AD) (Stutterheim in Semadi Astra, 2013: 3) with its what is locally referred to as tri mandala (Goris, 2012: 34), status and function of the temple; (c) the other cultural heritages; and (d) the religious ritual which is locally referred to as maplengkungan with its various processions. \n\nThe cultural heritage is distributed and promoted to consumers by four helix; they are (a) the government with its related departments; (b) profit organizations such as television, social media, printed media and so forth; and non media such as Asita, travel agencies, the Indonesian Association of Tour Guides, hotels, and so forth; (c) both national and international intellectuals through the articles they have written; and (d) traditional villages through social media such as internet. \n\n\nConsumption refers to the process of consuming commodities by consumers or those who consume them. The consumers which are intended to be the target are foreign tourists, meaning an attempt is made to invite as many tourists as possible to Penataran Saih Temple. The fact shows that the tourists who have visited the Penataran Sasih Temple are dominated by the European ones.", "start_char_idx": 3823, "end_char_idx": 7182, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c42a823e-4086-41d0-a55f-7f6b6b332666": {"__data__": {"id_": "c42a823e-4086-41d0-a55f-7f6b6b332666", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15763", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "hash": "56774770059bdcc51a437b50d4746dc6e4ac9ab91a56b7d1542753b7c9681dec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6b4e251a-d935-4417-972b-b3d88e7e12c8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "hash": "8be14e34858f47d785211aa3f57eb6382b40d2d615717b76deaf191a701d1e58", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "216003fd-97e4-48ff-9687-f008ebdaba10", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "81078b159bdcd5ae1656077e4ef6abc4e2e1d10aa5f49295141db83e314ccf47", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The commodification of the cultural heritage which the Pentaran Sasih Temple has is accordance with what space and time demand for through a relatively long process. The existence of foreign tourists with their modern cultures can affect the attitude and behavior of the local people who are strong enough to conserve the originality of their traditional culture. This is exemplified by the attitude and behavior of the local people who welcome the tourists who visit the Pentaran Sasih Temple. Initially, the local people welcome them friendly and traditionally. However, then the visit made by the tourists is commercialized (Pitana, 2005: 83). The local people needed money as the capital needed to renovate the temple; as a result, the temple was intensively managed and commodified. What had been commodified was not limited to the cultural heritage but also what is locally referred to as the temple\u2019s nista mandala which functions as the public space; as a result, at the nista mandala a shopping center, a parking lot, and a night market were constructed. \n\nThe commodification of the cultural heritage significantly positively and negatively affected the existence of the Pentaran Sasih Temple (Ardika, 2007: 35). The positive impact was that commodification generated money which was needed to organize the development of the Pentaran Sasih Temple, the maintenance of the shrines \u2018palinggih\u2019, and management of the temple\u2019s environment, and so forth. The negative impact included the fact that the temple became profane as the tourists were allowed to enter what is locally referred to as utama mandala; their personalities had not been identified; the nista mandala (the outside yard of the temple) was transformed into the business center, causing the concept of the temple\u2019s tri mandala to be degraded. \n\nCommodification could also have positive meaning; (a) it gave educational information, indicated by an attempt made to trace the origin, status, and function of the cultural heritage; social religious life; the social, cultural and political life of the local people; (b) the symbolic meaning, which was contributed by the uniqueness of the kettledrum \u201cBulan Pejeng\u201d  and the religious ritual \u201cmaplengkungan\u201d.  The tourists could see that Pejeng Village functioned as the center of the past civilization; (c) the aesthetic meaning; as can be seen from the form and decorating pattern of the kettledrum \u201cBulang Pejeng\u201d, which can show that the art, cultural and technological civilization of Pejeng Village was so high in the past; and (d) the economic meaning; all the assets were managed by the traditional village, meaning that the local people\u2019s prosperity was becoming improved. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\n\nSeveral conclusions can be drawn from the present study; they are (1) the forms of the commodification  included (a) the kettledrum \u201cBulan Pejeng\u201d, which is supported by the \u201cBulan Pejeng\u201d myth which was written in the forms of books, journals, articles, and so forth; and the religious ritual; (b) the commodified cultural heritage which was distributed by the government, profit organizations, intellectuals, and traditional villages, and (c) the commodified cultural heritage which was consumed by the local people, those coming from the other parts of Indonesia, and (d) the international society; (2) the process of the commodification started from when a foreign researcher who visited the temple was traditionally welcome by the local people; however, then such a visit was commodified; (3) the commodification of the cultural heritage also had several meanings; they are : it gave educational information on the social, religious, cultural, and political life in the past; the meaning of symbolic image; the aesthetic meaning; and the economic meaning especially for the local people. \n\nThe kettledrum \u201cBulan Pejeng\u201d contains historical, cultural, scientific, and religious values. It is also unique; therefore, it can attract whoever observes it. Therefore, through this opportunity, it is suggested to the traditional leaders that they should urge the local people to be responsible for looking after and conserving such a cultural heritage. Not only the cultural heritage which the Penataran Sasih Temple has which should be conserved, but the cultural heritages which are located in the other parts of Pejeng Village as well. This is one of the attempts made to strengthen the existence of Pejeng Village as the zone of conservation and cultural heritages.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nThrough this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., and Dr.", "start_char_idx": 7186, "end_char_idx": 11799, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "216003fd-97e4-48ff-9687-f008ebdaba10": {"__data__": {"id_": "216003fd-97e4-48ff-9687-f008ebdaba10", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15763", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "hash": "56774770059bdcc51a437b50d4746dc6e4ac9ab91a56b7d1542753b7c9681dec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c42a823e-4086-41d0-a55f-7f6b6b332666", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "hash": "4b087003be728f9cc1e1a807f197770ee45af6aac80ea0cea18518846668e03a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f845fffc-901d-4847-b546-2b6f6229a27e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e9b318f85831323dcf7e48af8aee7f5cfef483bffe3dbdff59fccee8059e737c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., and Dr. I Gede Mudana, M.Si for their suggestions related to the completion of this present study. Thanks are also expressed to Head of the Doctorate Program of Cultural Studies, School of Postgraduate Studies, Udayana University, Denpasar, Prof. Dr. A.A. Bagus Wirawan, S.U., and his secretary, Dr. Putu Sukardja, M.Si.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nArdika, I Wayan. 2007. Pusaka Budaya & Pariwisata. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan.\n\nAstra, I Gde Semadi. 2013. Menjelajah Tokoh Udayana Di Bali: Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Tokoh Udayana dalam Konteks Religi, Sejarah, Sosial Budaya, Hukum, dan Pertahanan dalam Perspektif Lokal, Nasional, dan Universal. Diselenggarakan oleh Pusat Kajian Bali, 2 Desember 2014. \n\nBintarti, D.D. 1985. \u201cAnalisis Fungsional Nekara Perunggu Dari Lamongan, Jawa Timur\u201d, dalam Pertemuan Ilmiah Arkeologi III (PIA III) Ciloto, 23-28 Mei 1983. Proyek Penelitian Purbakala Jakarta, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.\n\nEdkins, Jenny Williams, Nick Vaughan (ed). 2010. Teori-Teori Kritis: Menantang Pandangan Utama Studi Politik Internasional. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Baca.\n\nGoris, R. 2012. Sifat Religius Masyarakat Pedesaan Di Bali. Judul asli: \u201cThe Religious Character of the Village Community\u201d dalam Djawa (Java), XV (1935: 1-16). Penerjemah: Sunaryono Basuki Ks. Pengantar I Wayan Ardika\u2019 Editor: Jiwa Atmaja. Denpasar: Penerbit Udayana University Press dan Pusat Kajian Bali.\n\nHoed, Benny H. 2011. Semiotik & Dinamika Sosial Budaya. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.\n\nKempers, A.J Bernet. 1960. Bali Purbakala: Petunjuk Tentang Peninggalan Purbakala di Bali. Djakarta: Penerbit \u201cIchtiar\u201d.\n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2011. Dunia Yang Dilipat: Tamasya Melampaui Batas-batas \nKebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.\n\nPitana, I Gde dan Gayatri, Putu G. 2005. Sosiologi Pariwisata: Kajian Sosiologi terhadap \nStruktur, Sistem, dan Dampak-dampak Pariwisata. Yogyakarta: Andi.\n\nSalazar, Noel B. 2006. The Local Global Nexus\u201d disajikan di Lima Lokakarya Graduate Asia research Institute pada \u2018Pertanyaan Metodologi: Penelitian Pariwisata di Asia\u2019, Universitas Nasional di Singapore, 5-6 Desember 2006.", "start_char_idx": 11766, "end_char_idx": 13869, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f845fffc-901d-4847-b546-2b6f6229a27e": {"__data__": {"id_": "f845fffc-901d-4847-b546-2b6f6229a27e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15764", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "109464b7222939cd08dedd4480ffb198ab998409c05b1e3b235494149efaa5f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "216003fd-97e4-48ff-9687-f008ebdaba10", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15763", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15763.doc"}, "hash": "5f4d1a4ef9845847cac633cbcdc0656d044980ed2cb3e6ff3e8ff60e0f831e0c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cf90f464-660d-498b-910c-738fd32fab8f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "26ac3a3b3835603a07161cdfc854f1770881fec1c60c0c7221307d73e62463e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "THE EXISTANCE OF PERGURUAN KEBATINAN SANDHI MURTI INDONESIA\nIN THE FIELD OF KANURAGAN IN BALI\n\nIda Ayu Made Gayatri\nI Wayan Ardika\nI Gst. Kt. Gde Arsana\nAkademi Pariwisata Mataram\nemail: dayugayatri@yahoo.com\n\n\nABSTRACT\nPerguruan Kebatinan Sandhi Murti Indonesia is establised by I Gusti Ngurah Harta on 27th  April 1990 in Denpasar City, Bali. Practice of kanuragan is identical to the stigma of violence, the practice of inner power and pangleakan associated with black magic, so this study aims to analyze and answer the formulation of the problems on the existence of social practices of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan in Bali. This study is constructed as a cultural studies.\nThe results of study showed the existence of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan in Bali for 24 years (1990-2004) is characterized by the development of forms of activity in sports as well as in the arts, mysticism, economy and politics. Sandhi Murti social practices are also undergoing expansion area of activity in the branch organization in Tabanan Bali and Sandhi Murti Bulgaria in Europe, as well as developed personally by members overseas such as Australia, America, Russia and others. Sandhi Murti practices in the field of kanuragan is based on the teachings of siwa tantra (tantric), or siwa bhairawa, kandapat and dasaksara. Functions of kanuragan practiced by Sandhi Murti, such as :  psychosomatic and psycho-kinetics therapy; commodity and recreational; magical function, social and cultural functions.The significance of social practices of Sandhi Murti develop social capital through group of solidarity. Significance of cultural transformation Sandhi Murti kanuragan practices reflected the cultural inheritance of tantric into organizational habitus. \n\nKeywords:  social practice, organization, Sandhi Murti, kanuragan, transformation mystical culture of Bali.\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\nThis study examines the existence of Perguruan Kebatinan Sandhi Murti Indonesia in the field of kanuragan in Bali. This organization (hereinafter referred to Sandhi Murti) establised by I Gusti Ngurah Harta on 27th  April 1990 in Denpasar City Bali. Practice of kanuragan is identical to the stigma of violence, the practice of inner power and pangleakan associated with black magic, so this study aims to analyze:  1) the existence of social practices of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan in Bali; 2) the form and function of Sandhi Murti's teaching of kanuragan in Bali; 3) the meaning and impact of the existence of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan in Bali. The benefits of this research is to understand the socio-cultural dynamics, as well as to appreciate the various strategies and the creative process in maintaining the Balinese community and developing values \u200b\u200bthat are considered to be valuable for life.\nThis study uses some theoretical approaches, namely:  1) the theory of Pierre Bourdieu's generative structuralism (Harker et al, 1990: xiii-25) which examines the relation of capital (cultural, socio-economic, and symbolic capital) and habitus in which relevant to assess the position and disposition of members of Sandhi Murti through the production and exchange (reconvention) strategy  within the organization; 2)  the modus operandi of the ideology theory of John B. Thompson  (Thompson, 2006: 95-105) is used to analyze the strategy of Sandhi Murti in maintaining social relationships to gain sympathy, legitimacy and organizational hegemony which is extending through modes such as legitimacy, unification and fragmentation.", "start_char_idx": 52, "end_char_idx": 3597, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cf90f464-660d-498b-910c-738fd32fab8f": {"__data__": {"id_": "cf90f464-660d-498b-910c-738fd32fab8f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15764", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "109464b7222939cd08dedd4480ffb198ab998409c05b1e3b235494149efaa5f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f845fffc-901d-4847-b546-2b6f6229a27e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "acaeeaf3744727796364d84a459d3ef3840096ca2e190ee849dc8771c20de502", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2d63309a-1d67-43ce-99fa-a5426ac8ddf7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "31bc9c73588f2b33f1e709fe971ad8397bedfc142e5a4ff4b9333322f7f66700", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3) The myth of Roland Barthes' theory (Barthes, 2007: 292-345) is used to study the dynamics of organization through forma (identity) transformation that has a variety of political significance; 4) The theory of discipline and punish of Foucault  (Suyono, 2002: 397-418) is used to analyze relationship disciplinary of the body with power through modus operandi of discipline such as:  through the selection and disposition of members in distribution of space, tabulation (time table exercise and rituals), registration of members in cumulative administrative mode; composition and configuration through the command of Sandhi Murti\u2019s grand master; 5 ) deconstruction of Jacques Derrida's theory (Piliang, 2003: 137-278) provides a method of text interpretation namely retrospective and prospective interpretation which is important for understanding the perceptions or interpretations related to a variety of text and the use of research literature including mantras which belong to Sandhi Murti.\n\nRESEARCH METHOD\nThis study is designed using ethnographic approach of cultural studies by using empirical and theoretical approaches based on intensive field work (Barker, 2004: 29). Location of the research conducted in Sandhi Murti in Denpasar-Bali and additional studies conducted based on the invitation of Sandhi Murti Bulgaria in Southeastern Europe. The primary data sources are:  a key informant and informants supporters. Secondary data sources are:  the records of observations results, newspaper articles and other literatures. Qualitative data is the form of descriptions or results of information (interviews) in writing about Sandhi Murti and quantitative data such as the number of members and informants as well as the information presented in the form of tables or figures. The informants were selected by purposive sampling method selected on the basis of personal judgment (judgment sampling) and also based on the principle of snowball sampling in which key informants recommend other informants who are considered to have the capacity and authority. \n\nDISCUSSION\nThe results showed that the existence of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan in Bali for 24 years (1990-2004) were characterized by the dynamics of transformation of identity, meaning, and values. This organization has a wide range of identities, namely:  Yayasan Perguruan Sandhi Murti, Seni Bela Diri Tenaga Dalam Sandhi Murti (Harta,1997: xv), Padepokan Karang Kedangkan Teledu Nginyah and Perguruan Kebatinan Sandhi Murti Indonesian. The existence of social practices of Sandhi Murti has developed form of activities other than in the field of sports also in the arts, mysticism, economics, and politics. Sandhi Murti\u2019 social practices are also  undergoing expansion area of \u200b\u200bactivities by developing branch organization in Tabanan Bali and in Sandhi Murti Bulgaria, and also developed personally by its members abroad such Australia, America Russia, and others.\nTeachings of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan is sourced from tantric teachings or siva bhairava, kandapat and dasaksara (Putra, 2005; Eka, 2011). The function of teaching and social practices of Sandhi Murti are:  psychosomatic and psycho-kinetic therapy (physical and mental health), (Antonelli, 1995: 77-82); commodity and recreational; magical function; social and cultural functions (as the manner and lifestyle). The social significance of social practices of Sandhi Murti is to build group solidarity, and the cultural meanings associated with the transformation in which the cultural inheritance of shiva tantra became organization habitus. Impacts of Sandhi Murti\u2019s kanuragan teachings are:  (1) personal impacts associated with the changed of food consumption patterns, a more positive self-image and ecstacy; (2) the social impact of the practice of self-discipline esoteric or \u201cnuraga\u201d transformed into \u201cberaga\u201d activity, that is associated with a show of force ; (3) the emergence of symptoms of culture shock due to differences in the perception of running a practice kanuragan, as ritual practice sacred and profane (in sports); (4) kanuragan became a way of life, a kind of fashion or aesthetic lifestyle to indicate prestige identity and social status that reflects spirituality. \nThe practice of Sandhi Murti\u2019s kanuragan is a cultural inheritance and a transformation of shiva bhairava teachings became organization habitus of Sandhi Murti.", "start_char_idx": 3598, "end_char_idx": 8015, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2d63309a-1d67-43ce-99fa-a5426ac8ddf7": {"__data__": {"id_": "2d63309a-1d67-43ce-99fa-a5426ac8ddf7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15764", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "109464b7222939cd08dedd4480ffb198ab998409c05b1e3b235494149efaa5f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cf90f464-660d-498b-910c-738fd32fab8f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "fcd29a89326c6026b5ffb41e7535b49dcb8b5d0683fc695ed356cf449a6d434e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3a1a1573-7edd-43e9-ae1a-42ecaa630d5b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "eff65d2c31c5f0eb6c619ffa237660526b87c3eda76944ba32b04dbe0c7893f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The practice of Sandhi Murti\u2019s kanuragan is a inheritance practices that took place genealogically in the past 24 years from Turah to his son and the same thing happened to the members who invited children and other family as members of Sandhi Murti.\nThe kanuragan doctrine based on formula of kandapat was found to have similarities with the mantra owned by Pan Putu Budihartini from Darma Murti. By using a prospective interpretation, the main mantra of Sandhi Murti called \u201cMantra  Masuk Desa\u201d  had had similarities formulas and functions with mantra in the book \u201cTattwa Kandapat Sari\u201d (Budihartini, 2008: 24) belong to Darma Murti. Thus, the teachings kandapat used by both organizations are simulacrum in which the origin and authentic are difficult to prove.\nUsing formula of dasaksara in the teaching and practice asserted that practice of Sandhi Murti\u2019s kanuragan characterized by shiva or tantric. Dasaksara, a mantra formula is considered as a source of strength and mystical powers used to glorify God as a manifestation of Shiva (Nala, 2006: 115; Yudhiantara:  2003). In practice of Sandhi Murti\u2019s kanuragan, dasaksara is not only found in the mantra but also transformed into a kind of hypnotherapy, through the breathing techniques as kundalini yoga by focusing concentration between navel and sexual organs to generate chakra svadistanna (bhima padma) (Pott, 1966: 8) and in Sandhi Murti called as kuncian.\nRituals in mysticism practice of Sandhi Murti\u2019s kanuragan is not intended as a religious practice but rather a means to maintain social capital organization including:  as an adhesive solidarity, build trust, altruism, co-operation and social virtues. Ritual Sandhi Murti also a distribution space to separate members of Sandhi Murti in the position and disposition in the group. Ritual Sandhi Murti is a mode of unification used as a strategy to create a unified reducing internal differentiation or differences in the organization and suppress disagreement or even conflict that sourced from a variety of cultural differences in perceptions. The role of the teacher became the center of power in magical rituals and determine the success of the members to go through the process of rituals. The rituals which is held in Bali tend to conducted behind closed doors and in a special room that involves a personal relationship between the master (teacher, guru) and his members. While abroad, especially in Bulgaria a ritual was held in the open space as a mystical cultural performances and it can be recorded and the whole process can be seen by members who come together with the friends, family or relatives and even come along with the press. This open rituals in addition to attract people who come also to gain public legitimacy through the rationalization and universalizing of the teachings and practice in the field of kanuragan.\nThe study also found differences perception of Sandhi Murti\u2019s members in the country and abroad in implementing practice of kanuragan Sandhi Murti. Teachings and practices of kanuragan implemented by members Sandhi Murti in Bali tend to be passively accepted as doxa which is believed to have a close relationship with the sacred Hindu religious practice. The ability to have the inner power tend to be associated as a \"kesaktian,magic power\" or superhuman given-abilities that related to the mystical power of the transcendental (god). The practice of kanuragan both as a sports as well as practice of spirituality are believed to affirm religious beliefs of some members. In Sandhi Murti members abroad, practice of kanuragan understood as a martial sport activity like any others. Goal orientation of kanuragan practice tend to directed at the development of science in the field of sports and psychology and it is not limited in religious practice such as the orientation of Sandhi Murti\u2019s members in Bali.\nKanuragan and pencak silat  have similarity in principles and practices. According to IPSI, Pencak silat has four aspects includes:  sports, fighting, arts and spiritual activities (de Groot, 2006).  In Sandhi Murti, the invulnerability has been given to the members since the beginning of the initiation or accepted as a new member.", "start_char_idx": 8016, "end_char_idx": 12220, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3a1a1573-7edd-43e9-ae1a-42ecaa630d5b": {"__data__": {"id_": "3a1a1573-7edd-43e9-ae1a-42ecaa630d5b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15764", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "109464b7222939cd08dedd4480ffb198ab998409c05b1e3b235494149efaa5f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2d63309a-1d67-43ce-99fa-a5426ac8ddf7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "bd1f4b84524f8eafb0b1cf3f96950ee1420480d88e74f5a1acd4e786f83bdadd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2c714bbe-33ff-4ddc-91bc-1e8706b311da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6e24d9df5f227884ccdc165360a8332901d474cc128f23d32eb3889ca81d9f59", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "While the other martial arts institutions (pencak silat), the invulnerability is generally given when a member or student has been deemed as proficient fighter, has seniority and it is given as the final stages of teaching, example:  to achieve a degree or status as guru or a warrior (pendekar). In this final stage is understood as an aspect of spirituality in martial arts education (pendidikan pencak silat) in Indonesia.\nPractice of kanuragan of Sandhi Murti has no competition aspect through fighting with other organization as common practiced by martial arts organization IPSI members. Kanuragan as invulnerability tend to be shown as magic attraction by the organization to the community. Other differences were also found in the jurus or stance of Sandhi Murti\u2019s kanuragan which did not reveal any pattern of kicking, boxing or punching attacks. The  stance of Sandhi Murti more intended as a gesture of defense in the form covered up (belaan) and parry (tangkisan).\nPractice of Sandhi Murti\u2019s kanuragan has transformed the value in which at the beginning were practicing by restricted group among Balinese and now become mixed and opened group that giving opportunity for overseas people as members.\n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\nThe conclusion from the study about the social practices of Sandhi Murti is functional particularly in maintaining cultural values \u200b\u200band practices in the field of kanuragan and mystic in Bali. Practice of kanuragan of Sandhi Murti as a commodity has a significant economic value and used to operate the organization. Sandhi Murti\u2019s social practices in the last 24 years (1990-2014) has successfully developed capitals and the domains through the production and exchanged strategy as well as through the mode of ideological:  legitimacy, unification and fragmentation. Hegemony of Sandhi Murti showed that the teachings and practices of kanuragan has functioned and positive value in addition to support members and also to gain legitimacy of the ruling elites and the government. Sandhi Murti\u2019s kanuragan is not only as a martial practice but also a commodity for organizations in which the existence is preserved through the promotion and dissemination both within and outside the country. \nSuggestions for Sandhi Murti is need to strengthen the capacity of members with leadership of the cadre primarily to overcome the scarcity of the gurus (penginisiasi). The participation of women members in the Perguruan Sandhi Murti Bali needs to be strengthened by improving the tabulation exercise time.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\tI thank to the God for the existence of this study.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAntonelli,F.1995. Ilmu Jiwa dan Olah Raga. Dalam Pengobatan dan Olah Raga, Bunga Rampai Penulis Terkemuka. Hal 77-82 disadur dari Basic Book of Sport Medicine.\nBarker, Chris. 2004. Cultural Studies, Teori & Praktik.Yogyakarta:  Kreasi Wacana Yogyakarta.\nBarthes, Roland. 2007. Membedah Mitos-Mitos Budaya  Massa:  Semiotika atau Sosiologi Tanda, Simbol dan Representasi. Halaman 293-345.Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.\nBudihartini. 2000. Tatwa Kanda Empat Sari:  Nilai-Nilai Luhur Budaya Spiritual Bangsa Daerah Bali yang Universal. Denpasar:  Pustaka Bali Post\n----------2001. Pengobatan Alternatif Sapta Kanda Empat. Denpasar:  Pustaka Bali Post.\nDe Groot-George F dan Notosoejitno. 2006. Pencak Silat, Seni Bela Diri Indonesia. Bandung:  Yayasan Warisan Budaya Indonesia dan PT.Granesia Bandung.\nEka. 2011.\u201dI Gusti Ngurah Harta, Belajar Ilmu \u2018Leak\u2019 Tidak Susah\u201d. Beritabali.com, 13 September 2011.\nGeriya, I Wayan. 2008. Transformasi Kebudayaan Bali Memasuki Abad ke XXI. Surabaya:  Paramita\nHarker, dkk. 1990. (Habitus x Modal)+ Ranah=Praktik, Pengantar Paling Komprehensif kepada Pemikiran Pierre Bordieu. Halaman 1-25.", "start_char_idx": 12221, "end_char_idx": 15956, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2c714bbe-33ff-4ddc-91bc-1e8706b311da": {"__data__": {"id_": "2c714bbe-33ff-4ddc-91bc-1e8706b311da", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15764", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "109464b7222939cd08dedd4480ffb198ab998409c05b1e3b235494149efaa5f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3a1a1573-7edd-43e9-ae1a-42ecaa630d5b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "43192013e964d360ca0b5646f992346bb2365dd92c5caedf2ef389e16d80d9f1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c81ad95d-8143-4556-b8c8-78f640bcdda0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f2631d9737011ca2992b9fb101259d10dfc6951cfe8017f93b96ddea8a711713", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Halaman 1-25. Yogyakarta:  Jalasutra.\nHarta, Ngurah. 1997. Mengenal Alam Gaib. Denpasar:  Bali Post.\nLubis, Johansyah. 2004. Pencak Silat:  Panduan Praktis. Jakarta:  Rajagrafindo Persada.\nNala, Ngurah. 2006.Aksara Bali dalam Usada. Surabaya: Paramita.\nPott,P.H.1966.Yoga and Yantra, Their Interrelation and Their Significance for Indian Archaelogy. The Hague:  Martinus Nijhoff. \nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2003. Dekonstruksi, dalam:  Hipersemiotika, Tafsir Cultural Studies Atas Matinya Makna.Halaman 137-142. Bandung:  Jalasutra.\nPutra. 2005.\u201dBila Sastra Mistik Didiskusikan di Ubud Writer Festival\u201d. Radar Bali, 9 Oktober 2005.\nSuyono, Seno Joko. 2002. Tubuh yang Rasis. Hal.398. Jakarta:  Pustaka Pelajar.\nYudhiantara, Kadek. 2003. Dasaksara Saiwa Siddhanta dan Kanda Pat. Surabaya:  Paramita.\n\n\n\n1", "start_char_idx": 15943, "end_char_idx": 16741, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c81ad95d-8143-4556-b8c8-78f640bcdda0": {"__data__": {"id_": "c81ad95d-8143-4556-b8c8-78f640bcdda0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15765", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "bd502065e44f33a9b08cc87028ce4b36800aacd3ff2a75243d0aa869dcd502e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2c714bbe-33ff-4ddc-91bc-1e8706b311da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15764", "author": "acer", "title": "ecs-15764", "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15764.docx"}, "hash": "1c647918e93b0b8dc396c5754ea3fef389dc9c2157344617e03cb24794344a18", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f14022e2-60f5-475d-9033-fc245603a069", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a580c50cda1c6bf1f15bcaf922d13478eea3a514d12ff928ac8a71c0fa8c3296", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "POWER RELATION IN MANAGEMENT \nOF NUSA DUA TOURIST RESORT, BALI\nI Gusti Ketut Purnaya\nI Wayan Ardika\nI Gede Mudana\n\nemail: igkpurnaya@gmail.com, \n\nigedemudana@yahoo.com \nABSTRACT\n\nNusa Dua Tourist Resort has been an important part of the development and growth of tourism industry in Bali. Therefore, the presents study was intended to analyze and answer the following questions: (1) what was the form of the power relation among the three stakeholders such as the government, the investors, and the local people in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort like after reformation from 1998 to 2013? (2) What ideologies contributing to the power relation in the management of the resort? (3) What was the meaning of the power relation among the three stakeholders such as the government, the investors and the local people, in such a  management?\n\nIt was found that the power relation in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort was affected by the hegemonic power, the negotiation power, and the oppositional power. The ideologies which contributed to the power relation in the management of the resort included the ideology of global tourism, the ideology of green tourism in the management of the resort and the ideology of the Local Culture in Culture Tourism. The struggle for the meaning of the power relation in the management of the resort among the three pillars (the government/BTDC, the investors, and the local people) would take place continuously. The three pillars gave different meanings, depending on their respective positions and interests. \nKeywords: Nusa Dua tourist resort, power relation, hegemony, negotiation, oppositional, and ideology of global tourism.\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nFrom 1983 to 2013 the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort became an important part of the development and growth of the tourism industry in Indonesia in general and in Bali in particular. Since it was constructed, it had been managed by a state-owned company through the Bali Tourism Development Corporation (BTDC).", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 2054, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f14022e2-60f5-475d-9033-fc245603a069": {"__data__": {"id_": "f14022e2-60f5-475d-9033-fc245603a069", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15765", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "bd502065e44f33a9b08cc87028ce4b36800aacd3ff2a75243d0aa869dcd502e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c81ad95d-8143-4556-b8c8-78f640bcdda0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "df2abbd42093fda85c08c340bd1a89f61b2a33cd7b0638072e58cd8322872be2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b68e3d5b-486f-48b1-a7a4-812a642ad6ce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c9894082b6e4999f10e9d06068f4a5299fabe6326dc3e774397c50c528594f00", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In 1980s and 1990s, tourism proved itself that it was one of the state important foreign exchange generators. The hotel industry, transportation business, travel agencies, the export of ready-made wear also developed, following the growth of tourism. This present study focuses on the power relation among the three pillars in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort. The three pillars include the government, in this case, BTDC, the investors which manage the accommodation business and the other businesses related to the services provided to tourists at the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort, and the local people. The power relation took place from the land where the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort was constructed was freed, its construction, management, operation to the time when the present study was conducted. The power relation in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort was identified from how the three stakeholders were involved in the process of negotiation of various issues in order to achieve their respective objectives. \n\nThe process of what was done at Nusa Dua fluctuated; it was not a simple process; it was fully dynamic between negotiation and compromise; in addition, it reflected the interactions among the pillars based on the power they had respectively.\n\nIn general, this present study was intended to identify the power relation among the three pillars, namely, the government (BTDC), the investors, and the local people in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort. Before, the area, where the resort is located, was too dry to be an agricultural area; then it was changed into a resort which rapidly developed into a green and beautiful one with its great potential of tourism-based economy. However, Nusa Dua was never free from the socio-cultural problems. In this context, it was interesting to trace the form, ideology, and meaning of the power relation among the three stakeholders of the resort. In particular, this present study was intended to (a) identify the form of the power relation among the three stakeholders, namely, the government, the investors, and the local people in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort, Bali; (b) identify the ideology contributing to the power relation in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort, Bali; (c) identify the meaning of the power relation among the three stakeholders, namely, the government, the investors, and the local people in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort, Bali.\n\nIn theory, it was expected that the result of the present study would give theoretical understanding of the forms of the power relation among the three pillars directly related to the development and management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort (the government, the investors, and the local people). In addition, it was also expected that the result of the present study would be significantly useful to cultural studies, especially the attempts made to understand conceptually the relation among the government, the investors, and the local people at the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort. What seemed to be simple on the surface, if critically traced from the cultural studies, could give a new understanding of the patterns of the power relation which was part of and contributed to the development and management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort. In practice, it was expected that the result of the present study would give contribution to the decision maker related to the development and management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort which contributed to the improvement of the local people\u2019s prosperity so its sustainability could be maintained. In addition, it was also expected that the result of the present study could give ideas which could be used to develop the tourism industry in Indonesia in general and in Bali in particular, especially the development of the people-oriented tourist resort. It was also expected that the result of the present study could make the local people critically aware that they were not the object of the development of tourism around the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort. \n\nThree theories were used to analyze the problems of the present study from the perspective of cultural studies. They are (1) the Theory of Hegemony proposed by Antonio Gramsci, (2) the Theory of Discourse of Power/Knowledge proposed by Michel Foucault, (3) the Theory of Communicative Action proposed by Jurgen Habermas. They were adopted from the critical social theories of postmodern which were eclectically applied. The method used was the qualitative-interpretative method in accordance with the domain of humaniora research.\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\nThis present study of cultural studies was designed as a qualitative one using the phonological approach. It is not only related to what is done and uttered by human beings but also to the texts and context in society. The data can also be in the form of the pictures which can be described.", "start_char_idx": 2058, "end_char_idx": 6975, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b68e3d5b-486f-48b1-a7a4-812a642ad6ce": {"__data__": {"id_": "b68e3d5b-486f-48b1-a7a4-812a642ad6ce", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15765", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "bd502065e44f33a9b08cc87028ce4b36800aacd3ff2a75243d0aa869dcd502e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f14022e2-60f5-475d-9033-fc245603a069", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "71f6d1f28131add4997201f5394413baaa7cd990d73740d43d075d9ed87107e3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6065fbd2-c9e2-4617-86b1-f5eef1f893fb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "175bcc1e88f34f823185a3c1f0f65222cc412975555bab20d13c335d979ace1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The study was conducted at Benoa Subdistrict, South Kuta District, Badung Regency, which includes three traditional villages such as Bualu traditional village, Peminge traditional village, and Kampial traditional village. Geographically, the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort cannot be separated from Benoa Subdistrict, which has been popularly known as one of the best resorts in the world. The primary data were obtained from the three pillars, namely the government/BTDC, the investors, and the local people. The secondary data were obtained from observation, scientific journals, documents and so forth. The informants in the present study were those who were considered having knowledge and who were involved in the relation of the three pillars (the government, the investors, and the local people). The supporting instruments used to collect the data were a tape recorder, a camera and a note book. The relevant data were collected using the techniques of observation, interview, documentation and library. The data were analyzed in four stages (Sugiyono, 2005: 101) such as the domain analysis, the taxonomic analysis, the componential analysis, and the cultural theme analysis.\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION\n\n\nThe Nusa Dua Tourist Resort used to be a dry and not productive agricultural area; it could not guarantee the life of those living around Nusa Dua. It was then changed into a money generator by the government and investors. The development of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort was one of the main programs of the New Order government in the development of the tourism industry as the foreign exchange generator. In 1980s, when the price of the world\u2019s oil decreased, the government tried to find a new alternative of revenue. Tourism was one of the things which was considered being able to generate foreign exchange apart from the exports of oil and textile (Erawan, 1994). The fact showed that in 1980s and 1990s, tourism proved itself to be one of the important sources of the state revenues. The hotel industry, transportation business, travel agencies, and export of ready-made wear also developed, following the development of tourism. The construction of the star hotels at Nusa Dua proved how dynamic the tourism business in 1980s in Bali was.\n\nAlthough Nusa Dua had been changed into an income generator, many people were not happy with the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort. The struggle of the three pillars still appeared when the study was conducted; each held and struggled for their respective interests.", "start_char_idx": 6979, "end_char_idx": 9501, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6065fbd2-c9e2-4617-86b1-f5eef1f893fb": {"__data__": {"id_": "6065fbd2-c9e2-4617-86b1-f5eef1f893fb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15765", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "bd502065e44f33a9b08cc87028ce4b36800aacd3ff2a75243d0aa869dcd502e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b68e3d5b-486f-48b1-a7a4-812a642ad6ce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "7c2b3efeb93335be441e9302b0fd13d32b3175e1f3c4215dbe75ca15d1d88c0c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a78b1fda-f9b1-48d8-a496-8e75d34dbea3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8f36a29456ad757944aadc8ea2f7520e4ea7ca947838b046508c6f052db7ea28", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The result of the study showed three things. First, the form of the power relation in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort could be directly and indirectly identified; the three pillars had hegemonic power and negotiation power in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort for the sake of their respective interests. It was also identified that there was oppositional power from a group of the local people with their own interests. In this action, the hegemonic power played an important role and affected every action done by the three pillars with their respective interests. \n\nSecond, the ideologies which contributed to the power relation in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort could be differentiated into three. The ideology of green tourism was affected by the interest in environment. It was affected by the non government organization which was concerned about environment as its view was that what was done by tourists would only damage the area they visited. Every hotel or investor which could maintain green tourism and conserve environment would obtain the Earth Check certificate. The ideology of the local culture in culture tourism could not be separated from the ideology of THK (Tri Hita Karana) which is glorified by the Balinese people, especially by the Bali Hindus. When the study was conducted, TKH changed its function; it became a certificate which would be provided to every hotel which could fulfill the standard already determined by the Bali Post Media Group as the provider of the THK Award.\n\nThird, the struggle for meaning of the power relation in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort could be described as follows. From the government\u2019s point of view, the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort could support the state economy; it could generate foreign exchange for the state; the investors would pay taxes for the hotels they constructed and managed. In addition to increasing the state economy, tourism could also improve the economy of those living around the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort. From the investors\u2019 point of view, the resort could benefit them for the money they had invested as the tourism in Bali Island had been internationally known for its beauty. However, from the local people\u2019s point of view, the meaning they provided to the existence of the resort would never come to an end, as many meanings would appear from the surface, depending on who would provide the meaning and what for. Many local people assessed that the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort could improve their economy and open job opportunities, meaning that their standard of living and level of education could be better. However, many others felt that they were inflicted as they felt that they had not received reasonable compensation for their land. At the same time, the local people kept making attempts to have the opportunity provided by the tourism-based economy as the outcome of the existence of the hotels constructed at the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort. Such attempts continuously led to negotiations among the three pillars at Nusa Dua. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nBased on the deep analysis described above, several conclusions could be drawn as follows. First, the form of the power relation in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort among the three pillars, namely, the government, the investors, and the local people changed radically. When the resort was planned and constructed during the new order era, there was hegemonic power relation; the management was marked by the negotiation power relation among the three pillars; after the reformation era to the time when the study was conducted there was oppositional power relation. Second, the power relation among the government, the investors, and the local people in the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort was affected by three ideologies; they are the ideology of global tourism, the ideology of green tourism, and the ideology of the local value-based culture. Third, when giving meaning to the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort, each pillar had different strategies, depending on their respective positions and interests.\n\nIt is suggested to BTDC, as the management of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort, that it should pay attention to the condition of the people living around it. It is also suggested that it should give compensation to those who had not received any for their land used as the location of the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort. In this way, it is expected that there will not be any dispute between the management and those who claimed for the compensation. \n\nIt is suggested that the hotels located at the Nusa Dua Tourist Resort can open more job opportunities for those living around Nusa Dua so that they will have jobs which suit their abilities. Giving a priority to the outsiders who are more competent over the local people should be avoided; the local people should not be forgotten.", "start_char_idx": 9505, "end_char_idx": 14400, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a78b1fda-f9b1-48d8-a496-8e75d34dbea3": {"__data__": {"id_": "a78b1fda-f9b1-48d8-a496-8e75d34dbea3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15765", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "bd502065e44f33a9b08cc87028ce4b36800aacd3ff2a75243d0aa869dcd502e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6065fbd2-c9e2-4617-86b1-f5eef1f893fb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "4b0f91fa0b0bc33c608569a321e8e645a2a92be79bda9c97e27e9541d812f4ed", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "120207e1-eacb-48d4-addc-512f6ef1dd0d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "34fa285e9e23af8e41a16f61204209d60ceba77c13bcd518c4f2b37f43dbed28", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It suggested to the researchers in cultural and tourism studies that they should conduct further research concerning the environmental practice and the struggle for relation/discourse available; there are still many things to explore, especially those who involve the three pillars in the development of tourism.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this good opportunity, the writer would like to thank and appreciate Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Darma Putra, M.Litt., Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., Dr. I Gede Mudana, M.Si. for their critical scientific supervision, full attention, diligence, and carefulness to make this article more perfect.\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nAgger, Ben. 2006. Teori Sosial Kritis: Kritik, Penerapan dan Implikasinya. Yogyakarta : Kreasi Wacana.\nAlthusser, Louis. 2010. Tentang Ideologi: Marxisme Strukturalis, Psikoanalisis, Cultural Studies. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.\nBocock, Robert. 1986. Hegemony. Chichester : Ellis Horword Limited.\n\nErawan, I Nyoman. 1994. Pariwisata dan Pembangunan Ekonomi: Bali sebagai Kasus. Denpasar: Upada Sastra.\nLewis, Jeff. 2008. Cultural Studies: The Basics. London: Sage.\n\nMcCarthy, Thomas. 2009. Teori Kritis Jurgen Habermas. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.\nPicard, Michel. 1996. Cultural Tourism and Touristic Culture. Singapore: Archipelago Press.\n\nSugiyono. 2005. Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.\n1", "start_char_idx": 14403, "end_char_idx": 15742, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "120207e1-eacb-48d4-addc-512f6ef1dd0d": {"__data__": {"id_": "120207e1-eacb-48d4-addc-512f6ef1dd0d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15766", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "9793c10f5b3d47dc4f1aeb75f5a536883c8e58059c43d56d60bab2ddac641faa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a78b1fda-f9b1-48d8-a496-8e75d34dbea3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15765", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15765.doc"}, "hash": "37a467bdfda50c38f4176b4ddf6c56e0d56ca66735468c7d690f9dc400b8e6a6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6bbd26a0-a33c-47ef-92f3-7c07155e7a5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d12f4f16f4504af3801e316fe29dd7b7adb582914081c5e49c83cb3bcac66c22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESISTANCE OF KATOBENGKE ETHNIC PEOPLE TO HEGEMONY OF TRADITIONAL ELITES IN BAUBAU CITY \n\nSOUTH EAST SULAWESI \nLa Ode Dirman\nAnak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara\n\nAron Meko Mbete\n\nI Gede Mudana\nUniversitas Haluoleo, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara\n\nemail: laode_dirman@yahoo.co.id\nigedemudana@yahoo.com \nABSTRACT\n\n\nThe Katobengke ethnic group is one of the sub Buton ethnic groups which has been marginalized since the new order. When the reformation era started, they resisted the system of the knowledge which the traditional elites had. This present study was intended to understand the practice of resistance shown by the Katobengke people to the hegemony of the traditional elites based on the historical history and its implication on themselves and the traditional elites. It can be theoretically used as a model and a new concept and method of the development of the cultural studies. It can practically give input to the government as to the empowerment of the marginalized people using their local genius and maintenance of their cultural identity.\n\nThe result of the present study shows that the resistance shown by the Katobengke people to the traditional elites through the mythological discourse of identity; symbolic resistance and physical violence; the factors contributing to the resistance were discrimination of identity, stigmatization of the Indonesian Communist Party \u2018Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), the slave stereotype, the traditional taboo; the implication of the resistance is that the sultanate ideology was ineffective any longer to the Katobengke people\u2019s interest, the appearance of new stratification, resistance to the traditional stereotype and taboo, the change in traditional costume, La Ode was used as the title, change in profession from becoming farmers into working as providers of services, and spirituality were used for political communication.\nKeywords: hegemony, counter hegemony, stereotype, and traditional taboo.\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nThe Katobengke ethnic group is one of the subetchnic groups of Buton who live at the center of Baubau City, South East Sulawesi. From the sultanate era to the new order era, their identity was unique culturally and physically. They lengthened the auricles of their ears, chewed betel, wore patched costume (kabhaleko and bidha) and were very good at making earthenware vessel. When the new order was over and the reformation era started, such an identity disappeared. The Katobengke people were socially and traditionally classified into the common people (papara), the ruling people who could further be sub classified into the noble people (kaoma) and the middle people (walaka) (Rudyansyah, 1997: 44\u201453). According to Susanto Zuhdi (2010: 76), where the origin of those who belonged to the papara people came from was not identified; they were the lowest traditional social stratification; they were the slaves who came from papara as they did not pay for any taxes (Schoorl, 2003: 3). \n\nIn the end of the sultanate era to the new order era, the traditional elites started identifying the Katobengke people as slaves. The women were supposed to take care of the noble babies in the sultanate era; therefore, they were commonly referred to as Naa Laode and Maa Laode (Ruslan,, 2005: 71). Furthermore, in fact, they were often used as the second sex by the non Katobengke people in Baubau City; the men had physical strength and worked as farmers. According to Ruslan (2005) and Tasrifin (2010), the Katobengke people were stereotyped as slaves and stupid. Therefore, in the new order era they suffered from physical violence and were referred to as those who belonged to the Indonesian Communist Party. In the reformation era they started showing resistance to the traditional taboo and what had been stereotyped by the traditional elites in the form of identity discourse, symbolic resistance and physical violence.\nRESEARCH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3947, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6bbd26a0-a33c-47ef-92f3-7c07155e7a5f": {"__data__": {"id_": "6bbd26a0-a33c-47ef-92f3-7c07155e7a5f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15766", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "9793c10f5b3d47dc4f1aeb75f5a536883c8e58059c43d56d60bab2ddac641faa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "120207e1-eacb-48d4-addc-512f6ef1dd0d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "298ecee2fc2a86173dc3352d0c381718fd2db32779936c6f8a62945847db0b74", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f90464b8-df0b-4ced-8d39-8869a30d6d88", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "eabd0b5619e453df21dcf8d3c4a8fc85bd15649ee3cb4e169f9cb05b98574330", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This present study is a cultural study which was designed to use the qualitative method in accordance with the spirit of cultural studies. The qualitative procedure is in the form of a cycle; the problem identification, data collection, data analysis and conclusion drawing are not necessarily ordered. \n\nThe study was conducted in Betoambiri district, which is located at Lipu Sub district and Katobengke Sub district. The key informants were the Katobengke traditional leaders, the traditional elite leaders, the bureaucrat leaders, the religious elites, the youth leaders, and the Katobengke and traditional elite teachers. The data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. \n\nDISCUSSION", "start_char_idx": 3950, "end_char_idx": 4673, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f90464b8-df0b-4ced-8d39-8869a30d6d88": {"__data__": {"id_": "f90464b8-df0b-4ced-8d39-8869a30d6d88", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15766", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "9793c10f5b3d47dc4f1aeb75f5a536883c8e58059c43d56d60bab2ddac641faa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6bbd26a0-a33c-47ef-92f3-7c07155e7a5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "bd8139390f22d866c0d249ea495c151cbf312d3cd4be86528347cb840af984da", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fd136a50-c172-48d6-8d44-8e9ec493d8ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6998cfd01da359081c1cef575e6f2a9e07d22e095916f279eab9dc33778e4636", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "As far as the traditional elites are concerned, those who were traditionally socially stratified as kaoma and walaka were the ruling groups of people, whereas those who were traditionally socially stratified as papara were the ruled group of people (the people). The Buton Sultanate manuscript (Anonym) affirms that the three traditional social groups of people were created in the sultanate era with a popular philosophy poromu ndaa saangu pogaa ndaa koolota, meaning being united not in one, being separated not in between. Such a philosophy was the strategy used by the elites to attach themselves to the subordinate class, the papara. When the Dutch government started to interfere with the domestic affairs of the sultanate, such a philosophy was stained by various forms of colonial discriminations in order to be able to resort physical violence to the people for the sake of taxes. During the New Order era such a stigma was inherited; however, in the Reformation era the papara people showed that they disagreed with that. One of the papara group was the Katobengke people; they showed resistance for being labeled as the slaves and traditional taboo attached to them, as described as follows. \n\nFirst, the Katobengke people showed their resistance through the mythological discourse on their origin and identity, symbolic resistance and physical violence. Such a resistance showed their reaction against what had been stated by the elites that the Katobengke people came from Labhora. However, based on the mythology of their identity, they came from Johor, Malaysia. According to Barthes (1999); Foucault (1991); Jones (2009: 114), a myth forms image as an attempt to achieve something which is desired and to neutralize the stigma which has been introduced by the traditional elites. The symbolic resistance was shown through rituals and marriages, and spirituality. In the posuo ritual and tuturangi ritual, the magic formulas charmed and the songs sung contain advices and educational elements. Such rituals are performed completed with various types of offerings. The Tuturangi liwu ritual is one of the rituals which is performed with offerings and to propose for the land fertility to Almighty God and the souls of their ancestors. Robertson (1993: 24) stated that the rituals which are performed with offerings are the strategies used to intensify the people\u2019s solidarity; therefore, rituals were also used to show disagreement with the elites\u2019 domination. Resistance was also showed through unorganized individual physical violence such as demonstration and murder. Scott (1990: 200) stated that there was no space except anonymous physical individual resistance due to injustice (Tomagolo, 1999) and individual hatred (Fox, 2009: 7). \n\nSecond, the factors which contributed to such resistance were the reproduction of the elite\u2019s stigma toward their identity as the marginalized, stupid and poor people. Being referred to as slaves, being not allowed to marry the elite and to go to Mecca for pilgrimage (naik haji), and being not allowed to be physically similar to the elites, and being not allowed to use the building materials which were similar to those used by the elites were also responsible for such resistance. It is such factors which had caused the Katobengke people to show their resistance as a form of counter hegemony to the elites through the mythological discourse on their traditional knowledge, supported by the Katobengke people who had been economically, educationally and politically established (achieved status). Dafidson (2010: 13) stated that the New Order applied the hard approach to people. The traditional elites \u2018kaomu walaka\u2019 used the traditional taboo to sharpen the social distance between them and Katobengke people; the objective was that they avoided the possibility of marrying the Katobengke people. \n\nThird, the implication that the sultanate ideology was ineffective any longer on the Katobengke people did not seem to reflect the reality. The ideology of traditional taboo was the hidden and invisible form of the symbolic violence of the elites (Bourdieu, in Eagleton, 1991).The traditional costume worn by the Katobengke people change in its motives and color; the Katobengke elites got involved in the political space of the traditional elites. The weaker prohibition of the marriages between the Katobengke people and the elites, the change in livelihood from working as farmers into working as providers of services, the struggle for the ownership of traditional land, the rituals which were performed to strengthen the Katobengke solidarity, the traditional astronomic knowledge were all used as political communication between the Katobengke people and the traditional elites.", "start_char_idx": 4676, "end_char_idx": 9422, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fd136a50-c172-48d6-8d44-8e9ec493d8ec": {"__data__": {"id_": "fd136a50-c172-48d6-8d44-8e9ec493d8ec", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15766", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "9793c10f5b3d47dc4f1aeb75f5a536883c8e58059c43d56d60bab2ddac641faa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f90464b8-df0b-4ced-8d39-8869a30d6d88", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "b6539dbe1b0d8ad2c3e3df8f04ff4c29bdc116f98df6630fc314166af1261933", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7561e298-419d-4764-b48b-d01f7ae2af6e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0cc13094081214198a7d856e22d51bb8f3193223efb77264abae98998b0e0cb2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The new order employed the philosophy pomaamaasiaka which contains the religious values to persuade the Katobengke people to be faithful to the Buton customs which had been created by the elites. According to Smith (1980: 67), religion functions to intensify solidarity. However, through the counter hegemony shown by the Katobengke people, it was stated that the Islamic values taught that there were no differences among the kaoma, walaka and papara, that everybody had the same right and obligation to perform what is referred to \u201csyariat Islam\u201d, and that they had the same position before Almighty God \u201cAllah SWT\u201d. Scott (2000: 441) stated that the ideology of the dominating class was not useful to the Katobengke society any longer. According to Weber (2011: 529), the religious practice performed in one social stratum is different from that performed in another social stratum. The Katobengke people disagreed that the only those who belonged to the kaomu class who could lead the communal prayer (who could become the Muslim leaders). Furthermore, according to them, through the counter hegemony they showed, they would like to state that having the predicate of becoming \u201chaji\u201d (the predicate provided to those who have gone to Mecca for pilgrimage) they could lead the communal prayer in their own Mosques. The traditional elites who were politicians in Babubau City seemed to be getting more persuasive to the Katobengke people, resulting from the direct election for the people\u2019s representatives. The Katobengke people changed their status (kamiya) by using the noble title maa Laode (the noble father) before their names. Many Katobengke people had become politicians, bureaucrat elites, executives, legislative members, and other stratifications. The Katobengke spiritualists were used as the mediators in political negotiations, meaning that a new stratification appeared (achieved status). The Katobengke people used the title La Ode; seven of them had gone to Mecca for pilgrimage; 300 had become soldiers, 5 had become executives, 2 had become legislative members, two had become philosophical doctors, and 7 had graduated from the undergraduate program. During the New Order era there were marriages between the Katobengke people and their traditional elites; however, such marriages were not exposed. That was another form of counter hegemony shown by the Katobengke people. However, in the reformation era, such marriages were more exposed; many went to Mecca for pilgrimage and the architecture of their houses looked similar to that of their elites. \n\nIn relation to the stigma that the Katobengke people were slaves, they created a new myth as a counter discourse (Foucault, 1977). Laboora might be slaves; however, those who were referred to as Katobengke Wulala were not slaves. The charisma of Parabela became degraded, resulting from the problems taking place in the Katobengke environment. They had many social problems and many people were starving. The prohibition of the marriage between someone coming from one stratum and another coming from another stratum was a form of the symbolic violence performed by the elites which were hidden and gentle in nature, as, according to the elites, it was a system of work divisions. The current stratification appeared, indicated by the progress they made in economy and education. The elopement between a female elite and a Katobengke man was another form of resistance to the traditional taboo. The endogamy marriage was maintained and the exogamic marriages developed between the Katobengke people and those who belonged to non Buton ethnic group was a strategy to expand the network of kinship relation among the Katobengke people themselves. Currently, the Katobengke people developed a new myth that gave negative image to the Labhora people as the slaves whose population was getting extinct. Their ethnic identity as the Katobengke Wulala had kinship relation to the royal traditional elites.\n\nThe novelty of the present study was that the Katobengke people reflected their struggle for affirming their identity and searching for a new identity. The harmonious ideology implemented by the sultanate elites was stained by the Dutch direct government in which the people were forced to pay for taxes. This was inherited in the new order era, causing the Katobengke people to have negative image.", "start_char_idx": 9425, "end_char_idx": 13800, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7561e298-419d-4764-b48b-d01f7ae2af6e": {"__data__": {"id_": "7561e298-419d-4764-b48b-d01f7ae2af6e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15766", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "9793c10f5b3d47dc4f1aeb75f5a536883c8e58059c43d56d60bab2ddac641faa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fd136a50-c172-48d6-8d44-8e9ec493d8ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "275f899e431bef5a9458b3206135f62a1f2737d7384f84a2d1099fc8f4130ff5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d3743b21-9271-4ff7-9269-2da089d14747", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e1155a591afe0aae1aed1ce90f66cbba10276dad28aa90aa43a5418754abfeb6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "When the reformation era started,  the Katobengke people did not trust the ideology of the traditional elites; then three Katobengke elite strengths appeared; they are the Traditional Katobengke Islam, the Katobengke Pure Islam and the Modern Katobengke Elites; they all disagreed that they were labeled as slaves. The symbolic violence to the status of kadie and traditional taboo was getting weaker. The Katobengke modern Muslims stated that the rituals performed by the Katobengke traditional Muslims were not in accordance with the Islamic teaching; the charisma of \u201cparabola\u201d was getting weaker. Not exposing their identity outside their community was a strategy used to free themselves from the stigma of the traditional elites. The predicates Inaa laode and maa laode were the weapons used by the Katobengke elites to show their counter hegemony to the traditional elites. The Katobengke elites traditionally tabooed the traditional elites who broke the religious and traditional elites. \n\nThe discrimination of the land ownership (kadie) for the Katobengke people was made to be getting weaker by the Act No. 5 of 1960 (UUPA No. 5 Tahun 1960) concerning the deletion of the sultanate status of land ownership. That had caused the Katobengke people\u2019s status of ownership of land to be stronger, and the symbolic violence applied by the traditional elites to treat the Katobengke people as their slaves and tenant farmers to be weaker. They also struggled for their self identity when the Katobengke modern Muslims stated that the rituals performed by the Katobengke people were not in accordance with the Islamic teaching; the charisma of \u201cParabela\u201d was getting weaker. The strategy used by the young elites and the Katobengke modern Muslims when they were outside the territory of Baubau City was that they hid their identity in order to free themselves from the pressure of the stigma of the traditional elites. When the Katobengke people became the providers of services instead of working as farmers, then in the status quo condition, the elites who had become politicians started raised the Katobengke culture through seminars, assistance in the form of mangaru art equipment, and by participating in the rituals performed by the Katobengke people. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\n\nIt can be concluded from the present study that the form of the resistance shown by the Katobengke people resulted from the injustice applied by the elites from the sultanate era to the new order era. The fact that the harmonious ideology applied by the elites did not function expressed their refusal to the predicate of becoming slaves and traditional taboo. That was a physical resistance representing their historical misunderstanding which had been internalized within themselves. Paying no attention to the traditional marriages, going to Mecca for pilgrimage, the title maa Laode, and land ownership were passively responded by the traditional elites. The spiritualists\u2019 ability was used as the cultural and political capitals to show their counter hegemony to the traditional elites that they were noble elders, and that the rituals they performed showed that they were the native Buton ethnic group.", "start_char_idx": 13801, "end_char_idx": 16999, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d3743b21-9271-4ff7-9269-2da089d14747": {"__data__": {"id_": "d3743b21-9271-4ff7-9269-2da089d14747", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15766", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "9793c10f5b3d47dc4f1aeb75f5a536883c8e58059c43d56d60bab2ddac641faa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7561e298-419d-4764-b48b-d01f7ae2af6e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "cc561962c19d1ca63d5b3519d46ab6b68eea88a6858c37bd7a585c2a88029486", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e7a0f899-9fce-4be8-8ebb-3788b46bf4c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cc8f0025a67ecda1645f9c5accfc6640cc7c3144a4f2270b4763a8b5d05412fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It is suggested to the government that it should use their solidarity wisdom to mediate, unify variations, and construct the new identity of the Katobengke people. It is also suggested to the government that it should revitalize the value of the elite unity in diversity \u201ckebhinekaan\u201d to make it relevant to the philosophy of the Katobengke people. It is also suggested that the stereotype and traditional taboo should be localized and that a traditional forum should be opened in order to adapt to the current global development. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to highly appreciate Prof. Dr. Anak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara, M.A., Prof. Dr. Aron Meko Mbete, Dr. I Gede Mudana, M.Si. for their critical scientific supervision, full attention, perseverance and carefulness for the completion of this article. The writer would also like to thank BPPS Dikti for the scholarship provided to the writer for three years. \nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nBourdieu,  Pierre. 1991. Language and Simbolik Power. Cambrigde: Harvard University Press.\n\nDavidson, Jamie S. et all, 2010. Adat Dalam Politik Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka Yayasan Obor Indonesia \n\nEagleton, Terry. 1991.  Ideology: An Introduction. London: Thetford Press, Ltd.\n\nFoucault, Michel. 1977.  Power/ Knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings, 1972-1977. Editor By Colin Gordon. New York : Pantheon Books\n\nGramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selection From Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publisher.\n\n------------- 2001. Catatan-Catatan Politik. Surabaya : Pustaka Promethea\n\nJones, Pip. 2009.  Pengantar Teori- teori Sosial. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia\n\nRudyansyah, Tony. 2009.  Kekuasaan, Sejarah dan Tindakan. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. \n\nRuslan, Rahman. 2005. \u201cParabela di Buton: Suatu Analisis Antropologi Politik. Disertasi. Universitas Hasanudin Makassar.  Program Pascasarjana \n\nScott, James C. 19762000. Senjatanya Orang-orang Yang Kalah, Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia\n\nSchoorl, Pim. 2003. Masyarakat, Sejarah dan Budaya Buton. Terjemahan G. Winaya. Jakarta: Jambatan.\n\nTomagola. Dkk. 2002.  Mengelola Konflik: Buku Saku Staf BP Proyek LNG Tangguh Bintuni Papua,Indonesia Cerik dan UI\n\nZuhdi, Susanto. 2010. Sejarah Buton yang Terabaikan: Labu Rope Labu Wana. Jakarta: PT Raja Grakindo.", "start_char_idx": 17003, "end_char_idx": 19273, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e7a0f899-9fce-4be8-8ebb-3788b46bf4c9": {"__data__": {"id_": "e7a0f899-9fce-4be8-8ebb-3788b46bf4c9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15767", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "a856dfe88275d7408e2124516f6789ca4aa0e0393a65107e9b1e44073a0b5de4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d3743b21-9271-4ff7-9269-2da089d14747", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15766", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15766.doc"}, "hash": "1754484da82a996e706ac97fecc3bf6e9ed65ede7efd83625bd50f730da572f5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "32a1ab00-17a3-45e2-b80e-d83643e5d78f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fc9d22aedc18dfae47b85030360eb5cccf3d8fb2391d4acb870646c0a7258c42", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CENK BLONK LEATHER PUPPET PERFORMANCE \nWITHIN POPULAR CULTURAL CONTEXT\nI Made Marajaya\nI Made Suastika\n\nI Wayan Dibia\n\nI Nyoman Kutha Ratna\nPuppeteering Department, Faculty of Performing Art, \nIndonesia Institute of the Arts Denpasar\n\nemail: mademarajaya@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\nThis present study is intended to discuss the Cenk Blonk leather puppet performance \u201cWayang Kulit Cenk Blonk (abbreviated to WKCB) within the popular cultural context. If viewed from the perspective of cultural studies, this present study is concerned with a new reality and phenomenon in the Balinese puppetry art. The Balinese leather puppet performance, which does not refer to the source book of the shadow play story \u201cpakem pewayangan\u201d and the puppetry norm \u201cDharma Pewayangan\u201d, is preferred by many people. This present study analyzes the form, factor, and meaning of the WKCB performance with the popular cultural context using the theory of popular culture, the theory of deconstruction, and theory of discourse. The qualitative interpretative method was used. The data were obtained through observation, in-depth interview, and documentary study. The data were analyzed using the descriptive, qualitative and interpretative method of analysis. The data were presented starting from the basic data, data presentation, data analysis and conclusion. \n\nThe result of the study shows (1) the WKCB was performed as part of the promotional activity; (2) the WKCB was performed as part of the socialization activity; (3) the WKCB was performed as part of the commemoration of anniversaries. Second, the factors contributing to the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context included: creativity, art sustainability, the practice for the supporting artists, the modern cultural impact, the advance in technology, and the market demand. The meanings of the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context included: the aesthetic meaning, the social meaning, the welfare meaning, the amusing meaning, the political meaning, the conservation meaning, and the image meaning. The novelty shows that the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context presents the elements of popular works, popular discourses, the change in presentation, the change in the performing apparatus, and the freedom in receiving messages from those who have it performed to be transmitted to viewers.\nKeywords: WKCB performance, creativity, and popular culture\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nThe WKCB performance with I Wayan Nardayana as the puppeteer is one of the innovative leather puppet performances, which has been able to make itself the most popular balih-balihan art (the art which is created to amuse others) in Bali, meaning that the WKCB with its unique and interesting presentations has been able to attract the leather puppet fans. Those who are interested in it are not only males but also those coming from all the society layers regardless of their social statuses. \n\nThe WKCB performance has been getting popular rapidly as it has been able to catch the current people\u2019s aesthetic desires. Being able to process the art using the technological package, and being able to communicate with the viewers through aesthetic, critical, and fresh humorous touches allow the WLCB performance to exist in the middle of the society. Those who have it performed are not only individuals or groups of people, but also entrepreneurs, the government, and private organizations. The common people have it performed as part of the religious ritual; the entrepreneurs have it performed as part of the promotional activity through which their products and services are promoted. The government has it performed as part of the socialization program and as the information which is related to the people\u2019s interest.", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 3814, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "32a1ab00-17a3-45e2-b80e-d83643e5d78f": {"__data__": {"id_": "32a1ab00-17a3-45e2-b80e-d83643e5d78f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15767", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "a856dfe88275d7408e2124516f6789ca4aa0e0393a65107e9b1e44073a0b5de4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e7a0f899-9fce-4be8-8ebb-3788b46bf4c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "d317fe0841aa2a328c3a35e012d245d43af0b7aa0148eafd4553504dc2da82c5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e89a73c4-d5a0-45a8-bc06-494c37b4c006", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "229c9ab286593ca2cbc4f4a9b89ae83e335abc74e7b22de7e382eb647d446c34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The WKCB performance within the popular cultural context is a performance which audibly and visually presents the elements of popular works and discourses which are developing in the middle of the society. The elements of the popular works can be seen starting from how the WKCB is presented, the apparatus used, and the context in which it is performed. The popular discourses which are transmitted to the viewers are of the economic problem, the socio and political problem, law, environment, security, and health. \n\nThe interesting and popular presentations of the WKCB performance have actually broken the puppetry norms which are locally referred to as pakem pakeliran and Dharma Pewayangan. Therefore, what is presented in the WKCB performance is highly phenomenal and leads to a controversial reaction; many agree and many others disagree with such a phenomenon. Those who agree with it consider that the WKCB performance is an art with a highly aesthetic value; it is stated to be able to resurrect the culture of responding to and watching the shadow play with leather puppets, and to inspire the growth and development of the innovative leather puppet performance in Bali. Those who disagree with such a phenomenon are the puppeteers or the lay people who are still fanatic for the great quality of the traditional leather puppet performance. \n\n\nThis present study is intended to identify the form, the motivating factor, and meaning of the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context. The significance of the result of the present study is that it can contribute and add to the scientific treasure of the puppetry art, and that it can be used as a comparison by the researcher who will explore the matters pertaining to the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context in the future. \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n\nThe qualitative interpretative method was used in the present study. The primary data which are used in the present study were obtained through several direct interview in which the interviewees were I Wayan Nardayana, the puppeteer of WKCB, and the other puppeteers. The secondary data, which were obtained from the results of studies, books, articles, journals of arts, and both printed and electronic mass media, were also used as the supporting data. The data were collected using the techniques of observation, in-depth interview, and documentary study (pictures, recording, and note taking). The data were analyzed using the qualitative approach in order to obtain the picture of the form and the motivating factor, and the meaning of the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context. \nRESULT AND DISCUSSION", "start_char_idx": 3818, "end_char_idx": 6472, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e89a73c4-d5a0-45a8-bc06-494c37b4c006": {"__data__": {"id_": "e89a73c4-d5a0-45a8-bc06-494c37b4c006", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15767", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "a856dfe88275d7408e2124516f6789ca4aa0e0393a65107e9b1e44073a0b5de4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "32a1ab00-17a3-45e2-b80e-d83643e5d78f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "912e1b2965c683b284073ce3f9c3ade7eef588a85662ec17177e8b21967675e5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bcdbce2b-335b-46bf-ae9d-6a7a685da6fd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b680f2231a6244ba6288845017fa64193162dd2a3f575e1207d57238293ef9be", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The WKCB performance is a popular innovative leather puppet performance, which is a transformation of the traditional leather puppet performance. Being popular and innovative, the government, entrepreneurs, and private companies are made to be inspired to have it performed in various important events such as promotion, socialization, commemoration of anniversaries and TV advertisement. The WKCB used to be performed to complete a religious ceremony; however, then it has been performed as a commercial performance which is economy-highly oriented for the entrepreneurs, as a medium for socializing the government programs. It is this which has led to the appearance of the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context, meaning that it has been performed: 1) for promotional activities which include (1) the promotion made by the cellular telecommunication, in which the products of Kartu-AS and Blackberry cellular phones are promoted to the viewers; (b) the promotion made by Kopi ABC in which the product of Kopi ABC is promoted to the society of viewers which can make them stronger; (c) the promotion made by Susu Frian Flag, in which it is promoted that such milk can make the body healthy and strong; (d) the promotion made by the dealer of Yamaha motor cycles, in which the Yamaha product is promoted to the society of viewers; (e) the medical promotion made by Antangin JRG as medicine for relieving cold. 2) The WKCB is also performed to socialize particular programs such as (a) taxation socialization such as the Income Tax \u201cPajak Penghasilan (PPH)\u201d, the Value Added Tax \u201cPajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN)\u201d, the Sales Tax levied upon Luxury Items \u201cPajak Penjualan atas Barang Mewah (PPB)\u201d, and the Land and Building Tax \u201cPajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB)\u201d; (b) the socialization of what to do to overcome disasters such as earthquake, tsunami, landslide, flood, fire, and so forth; (c) the socialization of the 15th ASEAN Summit Conference \u201cKTT ASEAN ke 15\u201d, in which it was suggested to the society to get involved in keeping security so that the 15th ASEAN Summit Conference could be successfully carried out at Nusa Dua Bali; (d) the socialization of drug abuse in which it is suggested to the society not to consume and spread the forbidden items which can inflict the children\u2019s future; (e) the socialization of general election, in which the election for the legislative candidates,  the election for the regent and governor, and the political and democratic education are socialized; (f) the socialization of AIDS. 3) The WKCB which is performed as part of the commemoration of anniversaries; the commemoration of Dies Natalis ISI Denpasar in 2004 and the anniversary of SMAN 4 Denpasar in 2012 are two examples.\n\nThe factors which have contributed to the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context are (1) creativity; the attempt made to create new things in accordance with the current aesthetic desire of the society; (2) being motivated to maintain art; the attempt made to conserve the leather puppet performance in the middle of globalization current and; (3) the practice for the supporting artists; they are made to be more skilled so that they can perform the best and newest puppetry art works for the viewers; (4) the cultural impact of the modern society; the impact of the cultural value-oriented society\u2019s life  which is made to develop into the current life and civilization indicated by the critical and consumptive way of thinking and luxury life style; (5) the technological advance; the development of science and technology to support activities and; (6) the market demand; aesthetically, people desire to enjoy interesting performances which are useful to the society\u2019s life. \n\nThe meanings of the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context include (1) the aesthetic meaning; the WKCB performance can make the viewers joyful; (2) the social meaning; the WKCB can give art experience and enlightenment to the society; (3) the welfare meaning; the WKCB performance can improve the welfare of the puppeteer, the supporting artists, and craftsmen; (4) the amusing meaning; the WKCB can amuse the viewers; (5) the political meaning; the WKCB has made the traditional performance less popular and may lead to the appearance of the innovative leather puppet performance; (6) the meaning of conservation; the WKCB protects and maintains the existence of the leather puppet in accordance with the era development and; (7) the meaning of image; the WKCB inspires the society\u2019s desire to give response to and watch it within different contexts. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION", "start_char_idx": 6475, "end_char_idx": 11097, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bcdbce2b-335b-46bf-ae9d-6a7a685da6fd": {"__data__": {"id_": "bcdbce2b-335b-46bf-ae9d-6a7a685da6fd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15767", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "a856dfe88275d7408e2124516f6789ca4aa0e0393a65107e9b1e44073a0b5de4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e89a73c4-d5a0-45a8-bc06-494c37b4c006", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "1ca8882438cc34f58a0a97ab3c46e6b6163f1a531335760a7fb6a3f0dc07e905", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e6fca098-1697-4333-97bb-c50d3cc02c7d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3d71315742649d3c7c6c843aafb32768ea8de243e0d80963825631d4bb65d70f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It can be inferred from the present study that from the popular cultural context WKCB is performed to promote, socialize and demonstrate things; in addition, it is also performed to commemorate anniversaries and as part of TV advertisements.  Second, the factors which have contributed to the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context can be classified into the internal factors and external factors. The internal factors include: creativity, being motivated to maintain art, the practice for the supporting artists. The external factors include: the cultural impact of the modern society, the advance in technology, and the market demand. Third, the meanings of the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context include: the aesthetic meaning, the social meaning, the welfare meaning, the amusing meaning, the political meaning, the conservation meaning, and the image meaning. \n\nThe novelties of the present study show that basically the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context presents the elements of popular works, the popular discourses, the change in presentation, the change in the apparatus used, and the freedom in receiving orders from those that have the WKCB performed to transmit to the viewers. \n\n\nIn relation to the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context, it is suggested to the artists that support the WKCB performance that they should intensify their creativity and practice in order to satisfy the viewers\u2019 desires. It is suggested to the government that it should do its best to maintain the existence of the leather puppet performance in the middle of the globalization current. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT", "start_char_idx": 11100, "end_char_idx": 12763, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e6fca098-1697-4333-97bb-c50d3cc02c7d": {"__data__": {"id_": "e6fca098-1697-4333-97bb-c50d3cc02c7d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15767", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "a856dfe88275d7408e2124516f6789ca4aa0e0393a65107e9b1e44073a0b5de4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bcdbce2b-335b-46bf-ae9d-6a7a685da6fd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "2c8693611e53a34ed014d8d27f83d40d7d7574cc6a34706eddc2c59dff858dd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b6642dff-ce69-4f71-bc5e-cbab320e9361", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ab187fcc1cb321825a532e3f0d0fb9ee19485a3023b8dfb7a904ab6f84ffcf26", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The God\u2019s blessing has allowed the writer to be able to complete this study in time, for which the writer is grateful. In this opportunity, the writer would like to thank the Rector of Udayana University, the Director of the School of Postgraduate Studies of Udayana University, Head and Secretary of the Study Program of Cultural Studies of Udayana University, the teaching and administrative staff for the moral support and facilities provided to the writer so this article can be completed as expected.\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nBungin, Burhan, 2001. Imaji Media Massa : Konstruksi dan Makna Realitas Sosial Iklan Televisi dalam Masyarakat Kapitalis. Cangara, Hafied, 2002, Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi.  PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta. \n\nBurton, Graeme. 2008. Yang Tersembunyi di Balik Media. Yogyakarta dan Badung : Jalasutra.\n\nCangara, Hafied. 2002. Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi. Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada.\n\nDarma Putra, I Nyoman, 1998. \u201c Kesenian Bali di Panggung Elektronik : Perbandingan Acara Apresiasi Budaya RRI dan TVRI Denpasar. Dalam Majalah Mudra, No. 6 Tahun VI, Hal. 31. STSI Denpasar.\n\nDarwanto, S.S. 1995. Televisi sebagai Media Pendidikan. Duta Wacana University Press, Yogyakarta. \n\nDibia, I Wayan. 1998. \u201cPertunjukan Kesenian di Televisi\u201d. Dalam Majalah Mudra No. 2 Th. II hal. 7. STSI Denpasar. \n\nHoed, Benny H. 2008. Semiotik dan Dinamika Sosial Budaya. Yogyakarta : Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya (FIB) UI Depok. \n\nKayam, Umar. 1981.  Seni Tradisi dan Masyarakat. Jakarta : Sinar Harapan.\n\nMarajaya, I Made. 2002. \u201cPertunjukan Wayang Kulit Parwa Lakon Brahmana Sidi di TVRI   Denpasar : Kajian Bentuk, Fungsi, dan Makna\u201d. (tesis). Denpasar : Universitas Udayana.\n\n_______.2014. \u201cPertunjukan Wayang Kulit Cenk Blonk dalam Konteks Budaya Populer\u201d. (disertasi). Denpasar : Universitas Udayana.\n\nMariyah, Emiliana. 2006. \u201cWayang Kulit Dalam Era Globalisasi\u201d. Dalam Wacana Antropologi. (ed. Pujaastawa). Denpasar : Jurusan Antropologi Fakultas sastra Universitas Udayana. \n\nPiliang, Yasrat Amir. 2003. Hipersemiotika Tafsir Cultural Studies Atas Matinya Makna. Yogjakarta : Jalasutra.\n\nRa\u2019uf, Amrin. 2010. Jagad Wayang. Yogyakarta : Garailmu.\n\nSedyawati,  2007. Budaya Indonesia : Kajian Arkeologi, Seni, dan Sejarah. Jakarta : PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.\n\nSoetrisno, R. 2008. Wayang Sebagai Warisan Budaya Dunia. Surabaya : Penerbit SIC.", "start_char_idx": 12767, "end_char_idx": 15120, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b6642dff-ce69-4f71-bc5e-cbab320e9361": {"__data__": {"id_": "b6642dff-ce69-4f71-bc5e-cbab320e9361", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15768", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "hash": "bb27961812185b2b015e7a6a23c6413381b87f722d789592f0ebd5da0f4cb61b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e6fca098-1697-4333-97bb-c50d3cc02c7d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15767", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15767.doc"}, "hash": "65617de5a93a14798f3c1818263dde44adaff85bee24fddf589b2bc2bed0b039", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fb4eb579-b5fa-4695-94c2-1de0f53f662a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ed901251e9915aa48178b6c6b0f2d4c0e0139c27f35476e6a2714f2148a1e4fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "TRANSFORMATION OF KAMASAN PUPPET PAINTING ART \n\nIN POSTMODERN ERA\nI Wayan Mudana\n\nAnak Agung Anom Kumbara\n\nI Wayan Rai S.\n\nI Nyoman Dhana\n\nIndonesia Institute of the Arts Denpasar\nemail: iwayanmudanaisi@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\nThe Kamasan Puppet Painting Art \u201cSeni Lukis Wayang Kamasan (abbreviated to SLWK)\u201d is a traditional art which grows and develops at Kamasana Village, Klungkung, Bali. Traditionally, it is used as the worshipping media; it is bound to the native puppetry story and is painted collectively and communally. In the modern era SLWK is commercialized by the painters as a profession in order to earn money to support their families. The postmodern era SLWK has been transformed, causing it to change. The data in the present study were taken from in-depth interview, observation, library research, and documentary study. The theory of practice, the theory of commodification, and the theory of postmodern aesthetics were used in the present study. \n\nThe result of the study shows; first, the things which have caused SLWK to be transformed are (1) economic motivation, (2) self identity, (3) painting creativity, (4) globalization, and (5) tourism. Second, the forms of the transformation of SLWK in the postmodern era are (1) change in production, (2) change in distribution, (3) change in consumption. Third, the implication of the transformation of SLWK in the postmodern era includes (1) the fact that the local traditional values are becoming degraded; (2) improvement in prosperity; (3) the fact that the freedom in painting is becoming shackled; (4) the social consumption and distribution are becoming wider; (5) the fact that female painters have appeared; and (6) the fact that the creative industry is becoming developed. \n\nKeywords: Transformation, Seni Lukis Kamasan (SLWK), and Postmodern.\nINTRODUCTION\n\nSLWK is a traditional art work which has rapidly grown and developed at Kamasan Village, Klungkung, Bali. It is unique and has a highly specific identity, and is used as the religious ritual media by the Hindus. It is painted based on the original puppetry story, and standardized and binding norms.  It is painted collectively and communally. The material used is taken from the nature and is processed using the traditional technique. In addition, the equipment used is traditional as well. Visually, SLWK contains artistic aesthetics; it contains symbolically philosophical values used to enlighten and reflect the human life both on earth and in hell. \n\nIn the modern era SLWK is commercialized by the painters as a profession to support their families. The painters are strongly motivated to produce maximum works and show their identity. In general, the painters\u2019 identity at Kamasan Village still refers to their collective identity. The more the number of tourists coming to Kamasan Village in the globalization era, the greater the number of souvenirs they demand for; as a result, SLWK is comodified as the tourism-supporting product. Fairclough states that comodification features postmodernism which is assumed to be the capitalism which can change objects, qualities, and signs into commodities to be distributed to the market (Barker, 2005: 517). The discourse which is developing in the postmodern era is that SLWK has been transformed. Giddens (2005: 49), in his book entitled \u201cReflexivity of Modernity\u201d, states that a tradition is not entirely stable; a tradition is not strong enough to change. Kayam (1989: 1) states that transformation is a process of a total shift from one form into a new form which will be becoming established through a long time process. Transformation has to be understood through an ideal type of society which is intentionally created as a model and paradigm. As an illustration, Max Weber concludes that the European society has transformed into a capitalistic society as its body contains the \u201ccultural ingredients\u201d which will lead to capitalism (Sachari, 2002: 68). According to Tabrani (2006: 260), transformation is a manifestation of critical, flexible, free and cooperative personalities. If the aesthetic feasibility is not brave enough to surpass boundaries, then transformation will be brave enough to surpass them in order to create new things which are not only without a serious purpose, new or feasible but integral and honest as well.", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 4375, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fb4eb579-b5fa-4695-94c2-1de0f53f662a": {"__data__": {"id_": "fb4eb579-b5fa-4695-94c2-1de0f53f662a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15768", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "hash": "bb27961812185b2b015e7a6a23c6413381b87f722d789592f0ebd5da0f4cb61b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b6642dff-ce69-4f71-bc5e-cbab320e9361", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "hash": "9355f02ef24418af5062d84e92bd2c4a45f6706a160cb4be970eb020c2ad17b4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "70edde6e-b412-4a50-88d1-ee646e485e6b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c8ba6f563358e305329d199250812660ddb5390b2a5a3476036f7580b8f7d0e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Transformation is not only faithful to norms, or situation and condition, but also integrates several norms in accordance with the supporting flexibility and freedom. \n\nThe phenomenon of the transformation of SLWK in the modern era is interesting to be critically and emancipatorily explored using the approach of cultural studies. The problems of the present study can be formulated into (1) why SLWK has been transformed; (2) what the transformation of SLWK is like in the postmodern era; and (3) what is the impact of the transformation of SLWK in the postmodern era on the people living at Kamasan Village. \n\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\nIn general, this present study is intended to analyze, deconstruct, and understand the transformation of SLWK at Kamasan Village from the perspective of cultural studies among the elites which support the old tradition, causing SLWK to be transformed. The theories used in the present study are the critical theories with the paradigm of cultural studies; they were eclectically used in accordance with the problems of the study. Such theories are the theory of practice proposed by Bourdieu, the theory of commodification proposed by Fairclough and the theory of aesthetics proposed by Baudrillard. The data were obtained through in-depth interview, observation, library research and documentary study. The data, after edited, were systematically presented and completed with photographs, pictures, and tables which technically support the data validity. The data were analyzed step by step from the time when the data were collected until the time they were discussed. The result of the study is reported in a descriptive and narrative manner, completed with pictures and tables to support the description. \nRESULT AND DISCUSSION\n\nThe economic motivation, self identity, creativity, globalization and tourism have caused SLWK to be transformed. In general, most of the people living at Kamasan Village are farmers. However, the area of land cultivated averages 0.36 are/villager, meaning that they cannot support their families by working as farmers. The colonial Dutch government developed a new sector of employment, namely, tourism. Traditionally, SLWK is unique, has a very specific identity, and contains highly artistically symbolic values, and is used as the ritual media by the Hindu worshippers. SLWK is potentially commercialized as a product to support tourism. The money earned from tourism motivates the painters to work hard to show their self identities and can improve the prosperity of their families. The painting identities which are currently developing at Kamasan Village are the painting identity of Mangku Mura, the painting identity of Nyoman Mandra, and the market painting identity. The larger the number of tourists coming to Kamasan Village in the globalization era the larger the number of the products needed as souvenirs; as a result, SLWK is commercialized as the mass product which is distributed to the market to satisfy what the consumers need. Tourism is a globalized product which can distribute and consume souvenirs and handicrafts. \n\nThe transformation of SLWK in the postmodern era takes place in production, distribution, and consumption. Traditionally, SLWK is produced as the worshipping ritual by the Hindu worshippers. It is in the forms of kober (flag), umbul-umbul (banner), payung (umbrella), pagut, parba, ider-ider, tabing, pedapa, and leluhur. SLWK is comodified as the mass product to satisfy what is needed by tourism. It is comodified into painting, bag, wallet, tissue paper box, the painting of eggs, and hotel facilities. Aesthetically, the market painting is highly dynamic; the space division, sketch and coloring are produced based on whether the product will benefit the painters or not. The theme, completion, and presentation are adjusted to what the market needs. The sacred art has been made to be the mass product which is propane in order to satisfy what is needed by the consumers. When SLWK is distributed in the market as the ritual media, then it is referred to as a sacred art; however, when it is pined up in shelves for sales it is referred to as a commodity. When it is used to decorate buildings and as souvenir, then it is referred to as a product of image. As the product of image, SLWK can satisfy what the consumers need and can improve the local people\u2019s social status. \n\nThe impact of the transformation of SLWK in the postmodern era at Kamasan Village, Klungkung, is both positive and negative. The positive impact is that many job opportunities are made to be available for the local people to improve their prosperity.", "start_char_idx": 4377, "end_char_idx": 9013, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "70edde6e-b412-4a50-88d1-ee646e485e6b": {"__data__": {"id_": "70edde6e-b412-4a50-88d1-ee646e485e6b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15768", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "hash": "bb27961812185b2b015e7a6a23c6413381b87f722d789592f0ebd5da0f4cb61b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fb4eb579-b5fa-4695-94c2-1de0f53f662a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "hash": "c66bcf92616cf6338a66cbf731a2e51ae190c097231c2a24f9dda8be449c080a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9b20140c-db75-46ef-9f9f-12023487c2da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "839dc74f367fc1f6862fde8c6bb1b364f98d0505668f7cd9ccb059c13b3e771d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "SLWK is not only distributed in the local market but it is also used to satisfy the ritual need, and can be distributed in the global market in the form of souvenirs to satisfy the consumer need. In addition, transformation has also caused the female painters to appear, meaning that there has been equality in gender as far as painting as a profession is concerned. The negative impact is that the painters are made not to be free to develop their creativity, as they are supposed to produce new mass products as what capitalism has ordered through the process of comodification. SLWK has been made to be degraded. SLWK has been used as souvenirs and handicrafts; they are decorated with the puppet painting completed with religious symbols. When SLWK is used to decorate wallets, bags, tissue paper boxes, key handles, fans, umbrellas and the painting of eggs, it is made to be profane, causing the local traditional cultural values to be degraded, and meaning that the sacred art values are made to be degraded as SLWK is produced as the mass product which is simply intended to attain profit in the form of money. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nBased on the result of the study, the novelties of the present study are as follows. First, SLWK has been transformed, meaning that it has changed. The factors which have caused it to be transformed are (1) the economic motivation; (2) self identity; (3) the area of creativity in which new products are created; (4) globalization, which has a very wide and world scale network; (5) and tourism, which is a globalized industry which can consume the souvenir product for distribution in the market. Second, in the postmodern era SLWK has been commodified into the mass product; it is distributed in the market in order to satisfy the consumer need. SLWK has been made to be profane in order to satisfy the consumer need. Third, the impact of the transformation of SLWK is both positive and negative. The positive impact is that many job opportunities are made to be available for the local people, meaning that they can improve their prosperity. SLWK has been distributed and consumed more widely, and the appearance of the female painters indicates that there has been equality in gender. In addition, the creative industry has developed, inspiring new entrepreneurs to appear. The negative impact is that SLWK has been produced as the mass product, meaning that it has been degraded, causing the local traditional values to be degraded and the painters\u2019 creativity to be shackled. \n\nWhat can be suggested in the present is that; first, it is suggested to the government of Klungkung Regency that the cultural heritage of SLWK should be documented and conserved. Second, it is suggested to the government of Bali Province that it should develop the local culture-based creative industry. Third, it is suggested to the Department of Education, Youth, and Sports that it should empower the young people\u2019s mentality to love their own culture which is becoming degraded. Fourth, it is suggested to the tour and travel agencies that they should be more aware of conserving the cultural values which are inherited by the ancestors, and pay more attention to the prosperity of the artists and craftsmen. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. A.A. Bagus Wirawan, S.U. as Head of the Doctorate Study Program of Cultural Studies of the School of Postgraduate Studies of Udayana University, Dr. Putu Sukardja, M.Si., as the secretary of the Study Program. Thanks are also expressed to Prof. Dr. A.A. Anom Kumbara, M.A., as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Rai S., M.A. as co-supervisor 1, Dr. I Nyoman Dhana, M.A., as co-supervisor 2. A word of appreciation should also go to Drs I Gede Kesuma Jaya, M.A.P. as Head of \u201cBadan Kesatuan Bangsa Politk dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Klungkung\u201d I Nyoman Subrata as Head of \u201cBadan Kesatuan Bangsa Provinsi Bali\u201d, I B Purnama as Head of the Kertha Gosa Museum, I.B. Danendra, SH as Head of Kamasa Village, I Gede Surya Atmaja as Head of Dusun Banjar Pande, I Kd Kariasa as Head of Dusun Banjar Siku.", "start_char_idx": 9014, "end_char_idx": 13133, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9b20140c-db75-46ef-9f9f-12023487c2da": {"__data__": {"id_": "9b20140c-db75-46ef-9f9f-12023487c2da", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15768", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "hash": "bb27961812185b2b015e7a6a23c6413381b87f722d789592f0ebd5da0f4cb61b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "70edde6e-b412-4a50-88d1-ee646e485e6b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "hash": "5c19982d89d627cdcd8b549066cb6ec5c42f9e8216b7d6ab914cfbf2d50ec191", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5536096d-d9ba-4d99-8057-e54e6a529201", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "65e074de2df544942630f40a46759fd8761bf78a3b8ec4e740b99bc9b5083b26", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Last, but by no means least, the writer owes a great debt of gratitude to I Nyoman Mandra, the senior painter and owner of \u201cMelukis Traditional Wayang Gaya Kamasan Club\u201d, Ni Made Suciarmi, I Made Sondra, I Nyoman Mastra, Made Muliarsa, I Kadek Natha, I Wayan Puspa, I Ketut Madra, Ni Ketut Dartini, I Gede Wedaswara, Kadek Dah, I Wayana Suparta, Wayan Kondra, I Nyoman Arnawa, M N Muriyati, Pande Sumantra, Komang Arcana, Ni Mde Sri Wedari, I Ketut Suparta, Widiatnyana, Wayan Sujana (Suklu), and.A. Tirta Ray. \nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nBaudrillard. Jean, 2009. Masyarakat Konsumsi (La Societe de Consommation).  Terjemahan, Kreasi Wacana, Yogyakarta.\n\nBourdieu, 2010. Arena Produksi Kultural (The Field of Cultural Production):. Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi Budaya (Essays on Art and Literature). Terjemahan, Kreasi Wacana, Yogyakarta.\n\nBarker. Chris, 2004. Cultural Studies: Teori & Praktik, (Terjemahan Nurhadi), Kreasi Wacana, Yogyakarta\n\nGiddens Anthony, 1985. Kapitalisme dan Teori Sosial Modern Suatu Analisis Terhadap Karya Tulis Marx, Durkheim dan Max Weber, UI Press, Jakarta.\n\nKayam. Umar, 1989. \u201cTransformasi Budaya Kita\u201d, dalam \u201cPidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar pada Fakultas Sastra UGM\u201d, Fakultas Sastra UGM, Yogyakarta.\n\nMartyn. J. Lee, 2006. Budaya Konsumen Terlahir Kembali: Arah baru Modernitas dalam Kajian Modal, Konsumsi, dan Kebudayaan (Consumer Culture Reborn: The Culture Politics of Consumption), Kreasi Wacana, Yogyakarta.\n\nRitzer. George, 2010. Teori Sosial Postmodern (The Postmodern Social Theory). Terjemahan, Kreasi Wacana.\n\nRicad. Jenkins, 2010. Membaca Pikiran Pierre Bourdieu (Pierre Bourdieu), Kreasi Wacana, Yogyakarta\n\nSachari. Agus, 2002. Estetika. Makna, Simbul dan daya, Penerbit ITB Bandung.\n\nTabrani. Primadi, 2006. Kreativitas & Humanitas: Sebuah Studi Tentang Peranan Kreativitas dalam Prikehidupan Manusia. Jalasutra, Bandung & Yogyakarta.", "start_char_idx": 13134, "end_char_idx": 15005, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5536096d-d9ba-4d99-8057-e54e6a529201": {"__data__": {"id_": "5536096d-d9ba-4d99-8057-e54e6a529201", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15770", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15770.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15770", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15770", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15770.doc"}, "hash": "84f83c9bc5e2eda595ff8efb738d22a583af78e7e6e08c15f0220f0d22f8e8aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9b20140c-db75-46ef-9f9f-12023487c2da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15768", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15768.doc"}, "hash": "3582bdfd6ea951033fef88c522febbb4e571a0ae41d5dc5e3b41513bd908cac2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "349e685f-fe39-4a14-a300-a8fece2f2be2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e8f4a8e7955d54dc9857df79843f7075984308bb30235c7e30bc769d5642ab95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "PRACTICE OF FOREST AREA CLEARANCE \nIN KUBU DISTRICT, KARANGASEM, BALI\n\nIda Gemawati Monda\nI Made Merta\n\nSulistyawati\n\nNi Made Wiasti\nDoctorate Study Program in Cultural Studies\n\nPostgraduate Program, Udayana University\n\nemail: mondaidagemawati@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\nThe phenomenon of forest clearance is a holistic problem which has caused a forest not to function optimally. The first consequence of forest clearance is felt by the people living around the forest. It can lead to fire, landslide and the disappearance of water source. It can also cause the micro climate to decrease. The theories used in the present study are the theory of power discourse and knowledge proposed by Foucault, the theory of hegemony proposed by Antonio Gramci, and the theory of communication action, proposed by Habermas. \n\nIt was found that; first, those who cleared the trees growing in the forest area away come from the surrounding villages. The culture of such a forest clearance had been done from generation to generation. The closer they lived to the forest area, the more cattle they raised. They raised more or less four cattle without being supported with how to prepare the food they need. Second, the government had made many attempts to overcome the forest clearance at the Kubu Forest Management Resort \u201cResor Pengelolaan Hutan (RPH) Kubu\u201d; however, the attempts which it had made was not well communicated. Third, the view of the people involved in the forest area clearance was different from the government\u2019s policy. Fourth, if related to Tulamben Village as a tourist destination, the areas within and outside the forest had the potentials which could be developed as the solution to the forest area clearance. \nKeywords: forest area clearance, protected forest area, RPH production forest.\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nThe phenomenon of the forest area clearance has been one of the activities which can cause the forest to be degraded. It is a holistic problem as it involves the areas within and outside the forest. What is meant by the forest area clearance in the present study are the activities of clearing away the trees growing in the forest area in order to be able to grow elephant grass (wide-leaved grass), kaliandra, gamal, cashew fruit trees, and pineapple, and the activity of cutting the branches of the trees growing at RPH Kubu. Those who were involved in the forest area clearance come from the surrounding villages such as Dusun Batu Dawa Kaja, Tulamben Village; Dusun Batu Giling, Dukuh Village; Dusun Kubu, Juntal Village; Dusun Bantas, Baturinggit Village, Kubu District, Karangasem Regency. The study was conducted at RPH Kubu. It covers the protected forest with an area of 2,009.23 hectares, and the production forest area with an area of 204.11 hectares. The forest clearance, based on what is stated in Article 50 clause (3) letter b the Act No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, refers to the attempt made to clear away the trees growing in the forest area without any permit from the government. \n\n\nThe government, through the regency department of forestry and provincial department of forestry \u2018Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD)\u2019, has done its best to give information and guidance. However, the forest area clearance still takes place. The problems of the present study are how the forest area clearance took place; what the government did ; what were the impact and meaning of  such a forest area clearance. In general, this present study is aimed at understanding the forest area clearance; in particular, it is aimed at answering the three questions formulated above. In theory, it is expected that the result of the present study may give theoretical contribution to the development of higher education knowledge. In practice, it is expected that the result of the present study may give input as to how to overcome the forest area clearance in Kubu District, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province in particular and in the other areas in Bali in general.\nRESEARCH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4038, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "349e685f-fe39-4a14-a300-a8fece2f2be2": {"__data__": {"id_": "349e685f-fe39-4a14-a300-a8fece2f2be2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15770", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15770.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15770", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15770", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15770.doc"}, "hash": "84f83c9bc5e2eda595ff8efb738d22a583af78e7e6e08c15f0220f0d22f8e8aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5536096d-d9ba-4d99-8057-e54e6a529201", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15770", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15770.doc"}, "hash": "a67ef07728d0bf51d16655f8d7c7e2505f7ac05ceeffc84d79a5cd89d8707c04", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f8bba60e-9e30-453b-8c8d-01306eea4a7c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1f63698b318cf3f14da3054028f791db80a1718dc02bac184cf6a09ce6016239", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This present study is a study of cultural studies, and is qualitative in nature. The informants were purposively determined using the snow ball technique. The data collection was discontinued when the data were considered redundant (redundancy of information). The data were obtained through in depth interview. The other informants as well as key informants were also used. Apart from the qualitative method, participatory rapid appraisal technique (PRA) was also employed. PRA is a newly innovated method which can be used to improve accuracy and efficiency of the time needed for collecting data.\n\nDISCUSSION AND RESULT\n\n\nThere were several things which led to the forest area clearance. First, the area of forestry was internally limited. Those who were involved in the forest area clearance came from the surrounding villages. Since 19 January 1990, the Ministry of Forestry had had the authority to control all the activities taking place within the forest area. On the other hand, the local people had developed their own system to develop the forest area. They had cleared the trees growing in the forest area away from generation to generation. Before the Act No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry was issued, the local people had not understood why the forest area clearance was illegal; they thought they had the right to clear the trees growing in the forest area away. They saw that the land within the forest area was fertile. The streets which are covered with asphalt and which are not covered with asphalt and the path available were easily used as the access by the local people to the forest area. They went to the forest area on foot and by motor. Some also went by riding their horses. \n\nThose who were involved in the forest area clearance were farmers; however, they could only cultivate their land during raining season. They also developed plantations and raised cattle. Some also developed gmelina and jati trees, and some others obtained sap from the palm trees. However, raising animals such as cattle, pigs, horses, goats and chicken were what they liked best. When they big enough, they were sold, and the money they earned was spent on the things they needed for performing religious rituals, building houses and for their daily needs. The closer they stayed to the forest area, the more livestock they raised, at least each family raised four cattle. They could have been able to grow the plants they needed for the livestock around their compounds. What they needed for their daily needs was planted in the land they had. The knowledge they had to make use of the land and rain water was insufficient. \n\nThe local people cleared the trees growing in the forest area away in order to be able to fulfill their daily needs. According to Maslow, there are five stages of human needs. What the local people need still belongs to the stage of basic household needs (food, drinking water, sending children to school, and so forth). The limited information provided to those living around the forest area and there was not security around the forest area also contributed to the forest area clearance. Second, the limited knowledge in forestry was also another factor causing the trees growing in the forest area to be cleared away. The other factors included the governmental less firm regulation, the climate change, and the local regulation \u2018awig-awig\u2019 prevailing in one village was different from that prevailing in another village. \n\nThe government had directly supervised the local people who were involved in the forest area clearance in regard to the matters pertaining to forestry. In addition, those who were supposed to give elucidation and the SKPD (the department) of forestry had provided elucidation until the level of banjar (the neighborhood under a traditional village). The Department of Forestry of Bali Province in general, and the Department of Forestry and Plantation of Karangasem Regency had involved the local people living around the forest area to take part in the reforestation program within and outside the forest area. The technological transfer and adoption programs had been realized by planting trees at all the villages around the forest area. Outside the area of forestry, the government had standardized the cashew fruit seedlings yielded by the mascot of plantation. To make the livestock food available, those who were responsible for giving elucidation and the department of forestry had trained the local people as to how to make the livestock food available. Priority should be given to the attempts which should be made to overcome the limited availability of water for which two man-made reservoirs \u2018embung\u2019 had been constructed. In addition, the assistance in the form of small-size water tanks had also been donated gradually. Apart from that, it had been planned to construct more reservoirs. As well, pipes had been installed for connecting the Tegal Waja reservoir with Kubu District.", "start_char_idx": 4041, "end_char_idx": 8997, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f8bba60e-9e30-453b-8c8d-01306eea4a7c": {"__data__": {"id_": "f8bba60e-9e30-453b-8c8d-01306eea4a7c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15770", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15770.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-15770", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15770", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15770.doc"}, "hash": "84f83c9bc5e2eda595ff8efb738d22a583af78e7e6e08c15f0220f0d22f8e8aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "349e685f-fe39-4a14-a300-a8fece2f2be2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15770", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15770.doc"}, "hash": "aefe3610bb72601c69666318a8c40148e4bf33037da53c047db0f1f76f9d976b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ecce4237-ddad-4b72-ba79-1df3d1f3234b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8f395073477843c464d8b011eb3e3ac1fd3ab6e360d000b3adcfa6495afeda5d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The impacts of the forest area clearance included erosion and fire. The forest area clearance had also led to political impact. The forest area clearance had economic, poverty, social and resistance meanings. The impact discussed in this present study was the negative impact. The forest fire had always taken place almost every year. The factors which had caused the forest fire to take place were the cigarette which was disposed of carelessly, the torch which still contained kerosene among the branches of the trees used by the local people in search for grasshopper-like animals and honey, and for burning grass as, to their opinion, the grass would grow when the wet season started. Then the fire, the path made, the branches which had been cut off and the farming activities caused erosion to take place within and outside the forest area. \n\n\nAfter the data were analyzed, there were four novelties in the present study. First, those who were involved in the forest area clearance came from the villages around the forest area. This had been done from generation to generation. The closer they stayed, the more cattle they raised (more or less four cattle). When the present study was initially conducted, the local people still cleared the trees growing in the forest area away stealthily and openly. Their insufficient knowledge and no partnership were responsible for this. Second, several attempts had been made by the government to overcome the forest area clearance at RPH Kubu; however, what it had done was not maximum yet, meaning that such a problem had not been holistically solved. Third, the local people\u2019s view was different from the government\u2019s policy. Fourth, there were several potentials which could have been developed both within and outside the forest area. The environmental services could be developed within the forest area, and the agricultural potential could be developed outside the forest area. Those should be integrated with the areas which were prescribed as the strategic areas by the regional government through the Act (Perda Provinsi Bali) No. 16 of 2009 concerning RTRW Bali from 2009 to 2019, in which Tulamben was prescribed as a tourist destination. In this way, the culture of managing the forest ecosystem could be established in accordance with the characteristic of the local area. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\n\nThe local people\u2019s insufficient knowledge and no partnership in forestry and non forestry had caused the forest area clearance to take place continuously. The government had not optimally coped with the matter pertaining to the forest area clearance. The forest area clearance had caused erosion and fire to take place. It had also led to the political impact. In regard to its meanings, it had economic and poverty meanings, social meaning and resistance meaning. There were potentials which could be developed both inside and outside the forest area. \n\n\nIt is suggested to the Government of Bali Province that the forest area should be managed as what had been planned in the village forest management, and the local people living around the forest area should be empowered to be holistically in charge of  the forest management resort. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. Ing. Ir. I Made Merta as the Supervisor, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sulistyawati, M.S., M.M., M. Mis., D.Th. as Co-supervisor I, and Ni Made Wiasti, M.Hum. as Co-supervisor II, and the Government of Karangasem Regency in general, and the Government of Kubu District and the Government of Bali Province in particular. \nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nBarker, C. 2004. Cultural Studies Teori & Praktik. Terjemahan Nurhadi. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kreasi Baru.\n\nCavallaro, Dani. 2004. Critical and Cultural Theori. Yogyakarta: Niagara.\n\nFoucault, Michael. 2002. Pengetahuan dan Metode, Karya-karya Penting Foucault 1954-1984. (Terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.\n\nFiske, John. 2007. Oerder of Thing: Arceologi Ilmu-Ilmu Kemanusiaan. (terjemahan B. Priambodo dan Pradewa Boy) Yoguakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.", "start_char_idx": 9000, "end_char_idx": 13048, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ecce4237-ddad-4b72-ba79-1df3d1f3234b": {"__data__": {"id_": "ecce4237-ddad-4b72-ba79-1df3d1f3234b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18406", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "36ff95019fd611a9ad14458a029817e7b568b65c3af9b83c2126bf4ccdd36bb8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f8bba60e-9e30-453b-8c8d-01306eea4a7c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-15770", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-10-07", "file": "ecs-15770.doc"}, "hash": "36f562918e44b67d9cb4d2e518c50cf96ba814b62fdf2ba23d954a0ac87f5ca7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "04e81dba-05d2-4288-834a-fb4eab868bc9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2b76aba6233a7429844d9f3302bc5e008d92dd5f92ee0c39ac7c0ddb1420523c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "POWER OF MEDIA IN INDUSTRIALIZATION \n\nOF BALINESE POP MUSIC\nNi Wayan Ardini\n\nAA Bagus Wirawan\n\nI Nyoman Suarka\n\nI Gede Arya Sugiartha\n\nStudy Program of Musicology\n\nIndonesia Institute of the Arts Denpasar\n\nemail: niwayanardini17@gmail.com \n\nABSTRACT\n\n\nThe development of technology, the economic system, and the culture of new music, has caused the Balinese pop music to be industrialized since 1990s. The existence of many recording studios and musicians (composers, singers, and music players) and many other related products all over Bali has also contributed to this. Through the recording products, various types of direct performances and so forth have caused the Balinese pop music to be the commodity of the capitalistic pop culture which is preferred by society. Such industrialization is formed by the power of media (musicians), capitalistic power (the capital owner such as the producer/recording studio owner), and the power of media. This present study was conducted in order to identify the phenomenon of one of three powers in such industrialization, namely, the power of media, especially television. \n\nThe result of the study shows that the power of television media in the industrialization of the Balinese pop music is the resource which contributes to the distribution of products which are produced for the market or the prospective market in Bali. The television studio which plays the greatest role is the Bali TV. It was established in 2002, namely, the year when the political decentralization in Indonesia started, following the reformation era which started in 1998. Through the regional autonomy, the ethnical local cultures in Indonesia, including the Balinese pop music, were empowered. The Bali TV with \u201cAjeg Bali\u201d as its ideology has what is called \u201cKlip Bali\u201d, \u201cTembang Bali\u201d (100% local)\u201d, and \u201cSamatra Artis Bali\u201d programs. The viewers from all over Bali like such programs very much. The more often they are presented (viewed and listened to), the more the Balinese pop music products obtain the promotional and marketing value. A great number of products, including the Balinese pop music, are continuously introduced to the society. The power of media has developed into capitalism and the Balinese community has become the object of its consumption.\nKeywords: power of media, Balinese pop music, electronic media, television.\nINTRODUCTION \n\n\nThe Balinese pop music, as the Balinese culture and language-based modern music, was pioneered by Anak Agung Made Cakra in 1970s. He released the song entitled \u201cKusir Dokar\u201d, which was popular and best selling in that decade and was introduced through the Putra Dewata Band. Starting from the following decades, exactly in 1990s up to now (2015), the Balinese pop music has been industrialized. Technology, economic system, and the new musical culture have contributed to such industrialization.", "start_char_idx": 46, "end_char_idx": 2923, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "04e81dba-05d2-4288-834a-fb4eab868bc9": {"__data__": {"id_": "04e81dba-05d2-4288-834a-fb4eab868bc9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18406", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "36ff95019fd611a9ad14458a029817e7b568b65c3af9b83c2126bf4ccdd36bb8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ecce4237-ddad-4b72-ba79-1df3d1f3234b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "5844f8295a85df26957c35299c24545bfd6ac12223ecef7c316b22975bd7a003", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "67182fd4-85cb-49ae-b372-a280df9b21ca", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "83b19566516b954ce996cb1dd06ab706c7b443d3a3c7b66c042293b4bb8e0475", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The Balinese pop music has been made to be the capitalistic commodity by the capital owner, namely, the producer or the owner of the recording studio. The producer has been the center of the industrialization of the Balinese pop music. The capital owner has dominantly determined the products released. The sharing system implemented by the musicians such as the composers, arrangers, singers, and the music players and so forth has also contributed to such industrialization. The Balinese people have also consumed the Balinese pop musical products without being recognized that such products are all highly capitalistic, as they benefit the capital owner. As the heirs, owners, and the doers of the Balinese culture, they consume the Balinese culture-based products. \n\nAs a critical study, this present study discusses the power working within the phenomenon of the industrialization of the Balinese pop music. Bennet in Barker (2014: 62) knows that cultural studies are in the interdisciplinary domain in which a number of perspectives of various disciplines are selectively chosen to analyze the relationship between culture and power. Barker (2005: 12) shows that power is the central of the cultural studies. \n\nThe industrialization of the Balinese pop music has been caused by three different powers which are related to one another; they are the cultural power (the Balinese musicians, the capital power (the producer/owner of the recording studio), and the power of media, the audio-visual media in general and television in particular. The focus of the present study is the power of the television media which supports the distribution of the Balinese pop music which turns out to have determined the existence and continuity of its industrialization. In this present study, the television media refers to the Bali TV, which has the television studio which strongly shows its Balinese features. \n\nRESEARH METHOD\n\n\nThis present study is a qualitative study with the paradigm of critical cultural studies. The data were collected through several interviews in which the interviewees are the informants such as the capital owner (the producer/studio owner), musicians, the media crew, consumers, society, the government and so forth). The data were also collected through observation and library research. The data were analyzed qualitatively, which included, as stated by Miles and Huberman, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. \nDISCUSSION", "start_char_idx": 2927, "end_char_idx": 5397, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "67182fd4-85cb-49ae-b372-a280df9b21ca": {"__data__": {"id_": "67182fd4-85cb-49ae-b372-a280df9b21ca", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18406", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "36ff95019fd611a9ad14458a029817e7b568b65c3af9b83c2126bf4ccdd36bb8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "04e81dba-05d2-4288-834a-fb4eab868bc9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "e002beada9007bd204921e15e5a35aafba001c3710f35c4438d74b89c2df30d5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ddc18292-410b-40a9-89be-838eacb5cec6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "02ce586254c8e751333d84b5b631ecf3010266d472c58bc41aa86b42e726a6ee", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The recording and performing products, the power of audio-visual media, especially television, have caused the Balinese pop music to be massively industrialized in every part of Bali Province in the last two and half decades. Widi Widiana, Lolot, Bayu KW, Agung Wirasutha, Dek Ulik, Raka Sidan, and KIS Band have been the Balinese pop music star artists which cannot be separated from the history of industrialization since it started. The common/conventional and creative Balinese pop musical products have appeared. Although they have been theoretically created as different nuisances and/or genres, they have formed a special standardization in which the difference it shows is only the false individualization to make the products offered marketable. Apart from that, such standardization has been able to create many passive consumers. The Balinese pop music has also socially bound those who are involved in it (Ardini, 2015). \n\nIn the middle of the Balinese pop music capitalism, the phenomenon that the Balinese cultural elements are decreasing from the musicality of the Balinese pop music has also taken place. The pentatonic musical scale (referred to as pelog, selendro, and pemero) has almost disappeared and has been replaced with the diatonic one as in the Indonesian pop music and the Western pop music. The language (the poem) of the Balinese pop music has been getting mixed with other languages such as the Indonesian language and English language. The Balinese traditional musical equipment, which used to feature the Balinese pop music has been replaced by the equipment needed in the modern music. The way they are sung, the style how the musicians communicate, and the musician\u2019s performance (especially the singer) are getting similar to the global culture. \n\nThe industrialization of the Balinese pop music cannot be separated from the existence of the local television station, especially the Bali TV, the first local private TV station in Bali. The reason is that although in Bali there has been a half dependent government TV station (the TVRI Bali, half of its programs are self created and the other half should be connected (relied) with the central government, namely, the Central TVRI in Jakarta), the space provided to the Balinese pop music is not as much as that provided by the private television stations. The TVRI Bali, which used to be named the TVRI Denpasar, was established in 1980s; however, the private television stations were established in 2000s. The Bali TV was established in 2002, the Dewata TV (currently referred to as Kompas TV Dewata) was established in 2007, the BMC (the Bali Music Channel) was established in 2010, and the Alam Bali TV was established in 2012. Among them, the only Bali TV is the television station which is merely local, whereas the others are not. From the pioneering aspect, presentation intensity and moral responsibility, the Bali TV has the paradigm of \u201cAjeg Bali\u201d (the ideology of Balinization), which is the focus of the present study. One of the real forms of such an ideology is the development and maintenance of the Balinese pop music. At the same time, it has also empowered those who are involved in the Balinese pop music, meaning that almost all of its artists are the Balinese ethnic people who are Hindus. \n\nThe Bali TV or the Bali Ranadha Televisi with its motto \u201cMatahari dari Bali\u201d (the Sun from Bali) belongs to the Bali Post Media Group \u2018Kelompok Media Bali Post (KMB/Bali Post Group), of which the headquarters are on Jalan Kebo Iwa 63A, Ubung Kaja, Denpasar. It was introduced on 26 May 2002 and has been the first local television station. Now it is the biggest and has been well-known in the world. Its target includes the middle social class to the upper class and modern life style without neglecting the Balinese culture. In general, the market segmentation which is aimed at by the Bali TV is the primary market (20-50 years or age), the secondary market (17-19 years of age), and the tertiary market (13-17 years of age). 90% of its programs are local, and 10% are universal. As already known, all such market shares are relevant to the average age of the market share of the Balinese pop music.", "start_char_idx": 5400, "end_char_idx": 9602, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ddc18292-410b-40a9-89be-838eacb5cec6": {"__data__": {"id_": "ddc18292-410b-40a9-89be-838eacb5cec6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18406", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "36ff95019fd611a9ad14458a029817e7b568b65c3af9b83c2126bf4ccdd36bb8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "67182fd4-85cb-49ae-b372-a280df9b21ca", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "1ab3ee606d5fa013244b0372becbd25e15dfb8494716be91389c654ea4fbf26c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d6a3f38d-1fd9-49a6-b033-4c03974999f9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "47f08f120532cf53e5319bd80734ab7d61700664ad6eb1a96cedcc1e566db80a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The Bali TV\u2019s programs which are related to the Balinese pop musicians are \u201cKlip Bali\u201d, \u201cTembang Bali\u201d (100% local), and \u201cSamatra Artis Bali\u201d. The \u201cKlip Bali\u201d is a program which presents the video clips of the Balinese pop music which is presented from Monday to Friday at 13.00-14.00 Indonesia Central Time. The \u201cTembang Bali\u201d (100% Local) is the program selected by the viewers through telephone channel in which the viewers can choose the Balinese pop music available while sending messages. The program which is the favorite one of those who like the Balinese pop music (usually the Balinese ethnic people) from all over Indonesia is presented every Friday and Saturday, starting from 15.30 to 16.30 Indonesia Central Time. The \u201cSamatra Artis Bali\u201d used to be the infotainment of the Balinese artists\u2019 lives, including the musicians of the Balinese pop music. Now, performances are added to the infotainment of the \u201cSamatra Artis Bali\u201d although the Minus One music is used. The program which presents all towns in Bali is presented every Sunday, starting from 20.00 to 21.00 Indonesia Central Time. \n\nThe Bali TV is better in regard to its superior program related to the development of the art of the Balinese pop music, which is referred to as the talent scouting. The objective is to find musicians in general and singers in particular. The BRTV (Bintang Radio dan Televisi) \u201cthe Radio and Television Star\u201d has been carried out several times. Similar to the talent scouting such as the \u201cIndonesian Idol\u201d on RCTI or \u201cKontes Dangdut Indonesia (KDI) on MNC, the BRTV has produced the prospective Balinese pop musical stars. The graduates of the BTRV academy bear the name BRTV after their names as done on KDI and AFI (Akademi Fantasi Indosiar). \n\nIndirectly, the Balinese pop musical products have also promoted and become the advertisements as they are presented intensively, especially on the television media such as the Bali TV. The more frequent such products are viewed and listened to, the more they have acquired the promotional and marketing values. In this way, the knowledge, understanding and experience of the listeners will be continuously enriched by the products which are intended to be sold. This tends to lead to the phenomenon of consumerism.\n\nA famous postmodern philosopher, Jean Baudrillard, according to Martono (2011: 288) analyzes perfectly the role played by the mass media in the modern society (the consumption society) which is related to the development of capitalism. Capitalism cannot be separated from technology as it is through technology capitalism can develop its wings to control the world. The media used are advertisements. According to Baudrillard, advertisements are the expanded hand of capitalism which is easily controlled and easily controls the market. Through advertisements, every capitalistic product can be offered in a way which can persuade the consumers taste. The consumers seem to be made confused by various products offered through advertisements. Every advertisement offers the strengths of a different product; the consumers are left to choose, and advertisements will never be responsible for all the risks resulting from such advertisements. \n\n\nAccording to Baudrillard in his book entitled The Consumer Society: Myths and Structure, the attentions of millions of people can be unified through television, and so can their tastes and life styles. What is brought by television is an ideology; a world which can be well visualized, which can be well cut and which can be read through pictures. Then such pictures bring the ideologies of all strengths, the system of reading becomes the system of signs. The pictures on television are expected to be the metalanguage of the world which is absent, as a small number of the technical objects (Martono, 2011: 288). \n\nBased on what was described above, it is reasonable if the power of capital (the producer/owner of the recording studio) which promotes products (the musical video clips) on television should pay expensive enough to the television station concerned. Furthermore, the television production cost is relatively more expensive than the production cost in the other media. So far, it can be stated that television has the commonest function (or which is the most visible to society) compared to the internet and radio media. It is here then the fact that the power of media will finally become capitalism takes place. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION", "start_char_idx": 9605, "end_char_idx": 14074, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d6a3f38d-1fd9-49a6-b033-4c03974999f9": {"__data__": {"id_": "d6a3f38d-1fd9-49a6-b033-4c03974999f9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18406", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "36ff95019fd611a9ad14458a029817e7b568b65c3af9b83c2126bf4ccdd36bb8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ddc18292-410b-40a9-89be-838eacb5cec6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "92a0167c8533056e66e4868d7bf0bf437add90389e3003dbf99452a65fe17867", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0426d235-7cf2-43a1-8c41-037c39be218a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7c29e3932531c797560ce3a5400ee17eafa72e3d635d0aa738bc22d3250167af", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between the development of the industrialization of music and the opportunity provided by the television media to present the forms of music produced. Similarly, the industrialization of the Balinese pop music cannot be separated from the existence of the local television station, especially the private television station such as the Bali TV station. The Bali TV station significantly contributes to the distribution of the Balinese pop musical products. It has both direct and indirect functions. Its direct function is advertising the Balinese pop music and its indirect function is to present the video of the Balinese pop music, the Balinese pop music program, and the television infotainment program in which the Balinese pop musicians are presented. It seems that the ideology of the Bali TV, namely, \u201cAjeg Bali\u201d makes it committed to keep revitalizing the Balinese pop music. \n\nIt is suggested that the Bali TV should positively communicate with all the parties such as (1) the government (the political aspect) of Bali which is concerned with the development and conservation of the Balinese pop music, (2) the industry of the Balinese pop music (the economic aspect) which involves the Balinese pop musicians, and (3) the Balinese community, especially the consumers (the cultural aspect). The objective is that the Balinese pop music will not become uprooted from the Balinese cultural root. It is suggested to the Bali TV that it will be possible for the discourse of the illegal reproduction of the Balinese pop music in particular through the function it has. Therefore, it should give correct (legal) information to and educate the society to consume the legal products of the Balinese pop music. Further, it is suggested to the Bali TV that it should not used the Balinese pop music as the arena in which it develops its capitalism. \nACKNOWLEDGMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. Anak Agung Bagus Wirawan, S.U. as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Suarka, M.Hum. as co-supervisor I, and Dr. I Gede Arya Sugiartha, S.Kar., M.Hum. as co-supervisor II for their supervision, direction, directive, input, and suggestion during the completion of this present study. The writer would also like to thank the e-journal of cultural studies, Study Program of Philosophical Doctor in Cultural Studies, Udayana University for the space and opportunity provided to publish this article. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nArdini, Ni Wayan. 2015. \u201cIndustrialisasi Musik Pop Bali: Ideologi, Kepentingan, dan Praktiknya\u201d, proposal disertasi, Program Doktor, Program Studi Kajian Budaya, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana.\n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik (terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Bentang.\n\n_______. 2014. Kamus Kajian Budaya (terjemahan). Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius.\n\nMartono, Nanang. 2011. Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial: Perspektif Klasik, Modern, Posmodern, dan Poskolonial. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.\n\nMiles, Matthew B. dan Michael A. Huberman. 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif (terjemahan). Jakarta: UII Press.", "start_char_idx": 14077, "end_char_idx": 17184, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0426d235-7cf2-43a1-8c41-037c39be218a": {"__data__": {"id_": "0426d235-7cf2-43a1-8c41-037c39be218a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18407", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "hash": "3887255afc902df8f472a2469e7969725a4c7277f2263f0e009108cf31ddf307", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d6a3f38d-1fd9-49a6-b033-4c03974999f9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18406", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18406.doc"}, "hash": "e5cd667ea55065c8de21a28ccc62c0287a92a9a2e8e26eb566086cfca1173bb9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "388c5f83-c181-4340-87e7-d9af1b36cb94", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "96af1d4b575f3bcc4bbc6dff11e75fa4ddeadd70369dcdf95964d4173f75861e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015\n\nSOCIO-CULTURAL IMPLICATION OF BALINESE WOMEN \nWORKING ON CRUISE SHIP\nI Made Darma Oka\nMade Antara \nI Gede Mudana\n\nDoctorate Program in Tourism, Udayana University\n\nemail: madedarmaoka@pnb.ac.id, gedemudana@pnb.ac.id \nABSTRACT\n\n\nThe Balinese people tend to work on the cruise ship. In the last four years, the number of the Balinese women who work on the cruise ship has increased significantly, namely, by 33,84%. This present study is intended to analyze the socio-cultural implication of the Balinese women who work on the cruise ship as part of the tourism industry. Qualitative data are used in the present study. The data were analyzed qualitatively. \n\n\nThe result of the study shows that the Balinese people were proud of being employed on the cruise ship as they had the opportunity to see the other countries which they had never dreamed of visiting. The socio-cultural life of the countries they had visited was unique and was completely different from the Balinese socio-cultural system. The socio-cultural life of the Balinese women who were employed on the cruise ship can be divided into; (a) the social implication; being employed on the cruise ship enabled them to improve the social status of themselves and their families, and (b) the cultural implication; being employed on the cruise ship enabled them to understand and conserve their culture. They acknowledged that their strong cultural tradition could impede them from being employed on the cruise ship. The paternal traditional life which is attached to the Balinese people and benefits the Balinese people sometimes cause the Balinese people to hesitate to be employed on the cruise ship. \nKeywords: socio-cultural implication, the Balinese women, tourism industry, cruise ship.\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nThe number of the Balinese women who are employed on the cruise ship has dramatically increased in the last four years. The percentage of the Balinese women who work on the cruise ship as part of the tourism industry has risen from year to year, although, from their participation point of view, the number of the Balinese women who are employed on the cruise ship is less than 10% if compared to the number of the Balinese men who are employed on the cruise ship (BP3TKI, 2014).\n\nThe women\u2019s empowerment in the tourism industry in general and on the cruise ship in particular is interesting enough as culturally the tourism sector is under the public sector. Based on the traditional (gender) division of employment, the public sector is in the area of men. Women are in the domestic sector; they are supposed to manage households, wash clothes, and cook. Sukeni (2006) stated that, conventionally, despite such a traditional division of employment, the current fact shows that, since the modern tourism developed in Bali, the Balinese women have participated in the public sector such as in the tourism industry, including the cruise ship. \n\nThe empowerment of the Balinese women in the tourism industry in general and on the cruise ship in particular should be enhanced, as the number of the Balinese women is almost equal to the number of the Balinese men (BPS Bali, 2013). The objective is that both the Balinese women and men can contribute their thoughts and power to the development of tourism. The development of tourism is highly complex and involves all the related stakeholders. The active involvement of the stakeholders is intended to give maximum significance to the future generation. In relation to that, Alavalapati and Adamowicz (2000) state that it is necessary to develop the model balance between the economic and environmental significances and the people\u2019s empowerment in the development of tourism. Gelbman and Timothy (2011) suggest that the physical, social, and cultural elements are the potential elements to which attention is necessarily paid to in the development of sustainable tourism. Furthermore, Nunkoo et al. (2012) state that the economic perception, the attitude of political institution, the local society\u2019s potential and the belief in individuals are important in the development of tourism so that the tourist activities can be sustainable. \n\nIt is recognized that the empowerment of the Balinese women in the tourism industry in general and on the cruise ship in particular can positively affect life as it can improve their families\u2019 income and enrich international experiences. However, it can also negatively impact. \nRESEARCH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4549, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "388c5f83-c181-4340-87e7-d9af1b36cb94": {"__data__": {"id_": "388c5f83-c181-4340-87e7-d9af1b36cb94", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18407", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "hash": "3887255afc902df8f472a2469e7969725a4c7277f2263f0e009108cf31ddf307", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0426d235-7cf2-43a1-8c41-037c39be218a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "hash": "49cdcd0ce20228db3888fab5c41a8ffdad4bb41ac515a9b3a1990c6211884616", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3eb2bc7e-adef-4af6-bbe3-3b379ec1a4ed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8b96aa68118cc99597a2a80b96263bd454137e84a1f2954afda247253ce27e8d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Qualitative data are used in the present study. The data on the socio-cultural implication of the Balinese women who were employed on the cruise line were obtained from several informants; however, their number was not exactly determined. The first informant was a woman who was experienced in being employed on the cruise line, from whom the other informants were determined. When the data were considered surfeited, the data collection was discontinued. The data were qualitatively analyzed. However, before the data were analyzed, they were classified, systemized, and interpreted so that the phenomenon which was explored had social, academic and scientific values. The focus was aimed at finding what way of thinking such a social phenomenon contained or at finding the rationality which such a social phenomenon implied (Bungin, 2011: 45). \nDISCUSSION\n\n\nIn general, the Balinese women who were employed on the cruise line stated that being employed in the tourism industry especially on the cruise line was interesting. They felt proud of being able to be employed on the cruise line as they had the opportunity to explore the countries which had never appeared in their mind; they had never thought that they would visit such countries. Furthermore, they stated that the countries they visited were socially and culturally unique, meaning that their socio-cultures were different from the Balinese social culture. That made the Balinese women happy as they had never thought of being able to visit such countries. However, communicating using the international lingua franca, namely, English, impeded them from interacting with the guests and their crew-fellows.\n\nThis fact was directly undergone by Ketut Eka Juliani (a lady who was employed on the cruise line for seven years). She stated that if the Balinese people would like to work on the cruise line being able to speak good English was needed; otherwise, they were not able to interact and do what they were daily supposed to do. What was stated by Ketut Eka Juliani shows that communication and interaction with the crew and guests played an important role to minimize miscommunication. In the beginning, the Balinese women found it difficult to interact with their crew-fellows coming from different countries with different languages, cultures and backgrounds. However, as time passed by, finally, they became accustomed to what they were supposed to do; they could adapt themselves to their crew-fellows who came from different countries. This gave a special experience to them. Every employee should be able to communicate in English in the guest area. This could motivate the Balinese women to study harder. It turned out that the social interaction taking place on the cruise line could motivate them to improve their ability to communicate in English; in this way, they could work together with their colleagues. English is the main language used in the communication between them and the other crew on the cruise line.\n\nNi Putu Ardyanti, who used to be employed on the cruise line for ten years, stated that social problems can take place anywhere and happen to everybody who is employed on the cruise ship; therefore, they need to be anticipated. This cannot be separated from the interaction made by people as social beings in whatever divisions they are employed on the cruise ship. The social problems such as being drunk due to alcohol, gambling and prostitution are frequently made to be identical with those who are employed on the cruise line\u201d. What the informants stated about being drunk due to alcohol, gambling and prostitution on the cruise line was interesting to be explored. These three things are frequently made to be identical with the women who are employed on the cruise line by several people. However, such a view is not entirely true; therefore, it needs to be straightened out. \n\nIt is true that the social problems taking place on the cruise line such as being drunk due alcohol, gambling and prostitution are the temptations which need to be anticipated by manpower especially the Balinese women. It can be a problem for the Balinese women to leave their families for several months; however, it will be a bigger problem if, it turns out that they are not able to stand such temptations and avoid themselves from being involved in a careless life. Everything depends on how strong the Balinese women can stand temptations which they may face on the cruise line as they are far from those they love. The Balinese women always do their best to be able to stand such temptations. They are aware that they work on the cruise ship in order to earn more money as an attempt to improve their statues and families; in other words, they work on the cruise line not for pleasure.", "start_char_idx": 4552, "end_char_idx": 9322, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3eb2bc7e-adef-4af6-bbe3-3b379ec1a4ed": {"__data__": {"id_": "3eb2bc7e-adef-4af6-bbe3-3b379ec1a4ed", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18407", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "hash": "3887255afc902df8f472a2469e7969725a4c7277f2263f0e009108cf31ddf307", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "388c5f83-c181-4340-87e7-d9af1b36cb94", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "hash": "8210f43d839ab36dbd3139124bc7093f87e52b39217696de8f24a7fc74f6a9d3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b9e10f41-0cef-463b-b93f-a18ff20959a3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5326f37f68641ff74f78bd4e5620084c3ae1313bc24f23163e59d956f006b0b0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The success in anticipating such temptations was proved by a Balinese woman named Komang Diah Sekarsari, who comes from Kintamani, Bangli. Now her economy and \u201csocial status\u201d have dramatically improved. She stated that \u201chaving the experience in being employed on the cruise ship has made her feel being more appreciated and respected in her family and society. She also stated that she felt safe and comfortable being employed on the cruise ship as she was supported by her family. According to her, as far as the temptations mentioned above are concerned, it depends on how someone anticipates it. In the social intercourse in the village where she currently lives, she feels that she is more appreciated by her friends. Before she was employed on the cruise ship, she was frequently marginalized by her friends; she was treated improperly as, economically, she came from a poor family. However, after she left her village several times to work on the cruise ship, her friends treated her completely differently. This reality was one of the things which motivated her to work on the cruise line; he wanted to prove to her friends that she could also improve her status and the status of her family. \n\n\nBeing employed on the cruise line enables the Balinese people to enjoy the cultures of the countries they visit. They introspect themselves when observing the cultures of the countries they visit.\n\nWayan Yuni Astuti also explained that \u201cworking on the cruise ship is not always pleasant. They also faced many obstructions and challenges in their daily social interactions. One of the things which challenged the Balinese manpower when working on the cruise ship was how to adapt to the new environment which was completely different from the environment where they live in Bali. Their crew-fellows came from different countries such as Asia, Europe, America, Africa and Australia who certainly brought their own culture. If the Balinese women cannot adjust themselves to the new environment and make friends selectively from the other crew, then negative implications cannot be avoided. It is acknowledged that the Balinese women who work on the cruise ship are stated to be lucky as most Indonesians who work on the cruise ship are Balinese people, meaning that it is easier for them to ask their nation-fellows for assistance. The reason is that they speak the same language and work far from where they originally come from.", "start_char_idx": 9324, "end_char_idx": 11754, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b9e10f41-0cef-463b-b93f-a18ff20959a3": {"__data__": {"id_": "b9e10f41-0cef-463b-b93f-a18ff20959a3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18407", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "hash": "3887255afc902df8f472a2469e7969725a4c7277f2263f0e009108cf31ddf307", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3eb2bc7e-adef-4af6-bbe3-3b379ec1a4ed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "hash": "20bc042fb8ceb17339b1dba2a49d0dfd723b6cdb295d344bba40109268bf65fa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "736a9ec8-8406-4ef0-884f-596927772ccb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0d8b4f17041b713ce87a559376a7c149b9fa9021b02c3fe9e1229e1030cc65a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Ida Ayu Gede Indayani (who was experienced in being employed on the cruise ship for 7 years) stated that \u201cworking on the cruise ship is not always appreciated by the society; many people do not appreciate the women who are employed on the cruise ship; in their opinion, working on the cruise ship is negative\u201d. What is stated by this informant shows that there are still several things which impede the Balinese women from being employed on the cruise ship. Some people state that the women who are employed on the cruise ship are those who are \u201cnaughty\u201d. In their opinion, the Balinese women who are employed on the cruise ship are bad; as a result, the parents will disagree if their daughters would like to work on the cruise ship. That is not entirely true. Many Balinese women still consistently implement the principles of the Hindu teaching which are adhered to. It is such a negative view which the Balinese women who are employed on the cruise line intend to deconstruct.\n\nIt is true that the tight customs and traditions are acknowledged to impede the Balinese women from being employed on the cruise line. The paternal traditional life, which more benefit men, sometimes cause the Balinese women to hesitate when deciding whether they will work on the cruise ship or not. Bhasin (2001: 11) stated that the paternal ideology, which more benefits men, always considers that women are lower and are more easily controlled. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nThe social implication of the Balinese women who are employed on the cruise ship is that, after being employed on the cruise ship they are able to improve the social status of themselves and their families. The cultural implication is that the Balinese who are employed on the cruise ship can more understand and conserve their culture.\n\nIn relation to that, it is suggested to the government that it should give the same opportunity to every Balinese woman to work on the cruise ship, depending on the potentials they have. In addition, it is also suggested that the government should support and empower the Balinese women who would like to be employed on the cruise ship. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity the writer would like to thank the informants for having given the information needed. Many thanks are also expressed to all those who have supported the completion of this article.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nAlavalapati, J.R.R. dan W.L. Adamowicz. 2000. \u201cTourism Impact Modelling for Resource Extaction Regions\u201d, Annals of Tourism Research, 27 (1), 188-202.\n\nBadan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali. 2013. Bali dalam Angka - Bali in Figure 2012. Denpasar. \n\nBalai Pelayanan Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (BP3TKI). 2014. Penempatan TKI Tahun 2013. Denpasar.\n\nBhasin, K. 2001. Memahami Gender. Jakarta: Teplok Press.\nGelbman, A., and D.J. Timothy. 2011. \u201cBorder Complexity, Tourism and International Exclaves; A Case Study\u201d, Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (1), 110-131.\n\nLubis, A.Y. 2006. Dekonstruksi Epistemologi Modern: Dari Postmodernisme, Teori Kritis, Poskolonialisme hingga, Cultural Studies. Jakarta: Pustaka Indonesia Satu.\n\nNunkoo, R., H. Ramkissoon, and D. Gursoy. 2012. \u201cPublic Trust in Tourism Institutions\u201d, Annals of Tourism Research, 39 (3), 1538-1564\n\nSukeni, N.N. 2006. \u201cDampak Pariwisata terhadap Gender di Bali\u201d, Jurnal Studi Gender Srikandi, VI. (1), 1-13.\n96", "start_char_idx": 11758, "end_char_idx": 15115, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "736a9ec8-8406-4ef0-884f-596927772ccb": {"__data__": {"id_": "736a9ec8-8406-4ef0-884f-596927772ccb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18411", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "e58155c02494600a786e891fcc31dfbcb247b086826837d869e69cdbedea5aa9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b9e10f41-0cef-463b-b93f-a18ff20959a3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18407", "author": "User", "title": "E-JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES VOL. 8, NO. 3, JULY 2015", "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18407.doc"}, "hash": "a5027ade4cbbd69a25be8ebc65a441f35d1dc373d7f97288c04dd3fe52018051", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8db28560-e03e-4b63-8d51-c4fa7a2e66c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "372bd60edd87a01f47d38453c141d0589f82ed191ecc6d99ce317eaebf7186d7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "WOMEN AND ACCESSORIES:\nBUSINESS OPPORTUNITY AND CRAFT INDUSTRY\nI Ketut Sida Arsa\n\nStudy Program of Artistic Skill\n\nFaculty of Arts and Design\n\nIndonesia Institute of the Arts Denpasar\n\nemail: rugos28kt@gmail.com\nABSTRACT\n\nThis study is intended to describe the current life style of women which contributes to the development of craft industry, especially the industry of accessories in Bali. In this case, women are used as the subject made use of by the capitalist, that is, the producer of accessories used as the object. The data on the relationship between the craft industrial element, especially the industry of accessories, with the life style of women were obtained using observation and in-depth interview techniques.  The theory of consumerism developed by Jean Baudrillard was used to analyze the field data. \n\nThe result of the study showed that the stylish performance had caused women to be consumptive. In this case, women had been the most potential target of the market share; therefore, the capitalist perpetually developed new mode or trend. In this way, women were made to follow the newest trend, meaning that their desire had been inspired by various trends which had been developed by the accessory business persons from time to time. Such a phenomenon could be clearly seen when the discourse of \u201cAjeg Bali\u201d was made to be popular, and when the civil servants, private employees and students were obliged to wear the Balinese traditional dress. Accessories were attached to the woman\u2019s blouse to make it more interesting. It seemed that dress and accessories could not be separated from one another to make performance more perfect. Such a phenomenon contributed to the garment industry and craft industry in order to meet what is desired by the Balinese women. \nKeywords: women, accessories, business, craft industry\n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n\nNowadays women and accessories cannot be separated from one another. The reason is that women have to have and wear them in their daily activities and on special days. Every woman wants to look beautiful and interesting before men. Every man in the world likes a woman who is slim, white, beautiful and pure. Therefore, it is not wrong for Atmaja (2010: 245) to say that in the Balinese community a woman is frequently treated as the object of the man\u2019s libido. This has made women use their bodies optimally not only to give rise to the men\u2019s libido but also to make themselves praised. Every woman wants to be praised. \n\nAs creatures with desires, women are frequently unsatisfied with one thing which makes them to be praised, causing them to add accessories such as necklace, earrings, brooches, necklaces and rings to make their performance perfect. This is supported by what is stated by Widana (2011: 163\u2014164) that accessories are absolutely needed when women are dressed up. Furthermore, he stated that the prices of the accessories worn by women to complete their traditional dress when they go to temple average Rp.2, 950, 000. According to those who belong to the higher level, such an amount of money is cheap whereas according to those who belong to the middle and lower classes, such an amount of money is expensive. However, as the creatures with desires, wherever they live and whatever classes they belong to, they feel obliged to fulfill their tertiary need  to make their performance praised. \n\nThe high demand of women, especially in Bali, for accessories to support their life style has made the industry of accessories prosper and grow rapidly. In this context, what is stated by Marx concerning production, and what is stated by Baudrilard concerning consumption support the phenomenon that accessories are produced in Bali  in order to support the postmodern life style. In this case, there is a clear relationship between the accessories produced by the capitalistic strength and the people\u2019s consumption style which always makes a product meaningful. What is stated by Suyanto (2013: 110) concerning the capitalistic strategy can be referred to when understanding the strategy applied by the producer of accessories that capitalism has created the controlled consumption system and has exploited the massive consumption behavior. In this way, capitalism will always create new designs from time to time, causing consumers perpetually inspired to consume the newest product. \n\nThe relationship of the women\u2019s life style with the rapid development of the industry of accessories is highly interesting to explore. The reason is that the postmodern life style has become into existence in Bali. Women have made Bali the arena of the production, distribution and consumption of various forms and types of accessories. This present study was conducted to explore the relationship between the women\u2019s life style and the development of accessories in Bali. \n\nRESEARCH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 4899, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8db28560-e03e-4b63-8d51-c4fa7a2e66c7": {"__data__": {"id_": "8db28560-e03e-4b63-8d51-c4fa7a2e66c7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18411", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "e58155c02494600a786e891fcc31dfbcb247b086826837d869e69cdbedea5aa9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "736a9ec8-8406-4ef0-884f-596927772ccb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "877ffaddf188f82626cdbb7eb26acad4c28538888dfd89bb79da9182962cd6ed", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f09f3c74-bd3d-4585-932d-a9d2eedd4e08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f74989585eb4f4f45b01648749fc1dc539c40274fc46cd80ef49ae0a51417874", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This present study describes the women\u2019s life style which has positively contributed to the growth and development of the industry of accessories in Bali. The data were collected using observation and in-depth interview techniques. The result of analysis is presented in a descriptive and narrative fashion. \nDISCUSSION \n\n\nWomen are unique and interesting individuals. As far as life style is concerned, it seems that they are free to follow their desires to make their performance the best in society. As stated by Janice Whinship in Ibrahim (2011: 267) that \u201cwomen do not view themselves as men view them but they are motivated to enjoy their sexuality through the men\u2019s eyes\u201d. In her article entitled Sexuality for Sale, she deconstructs the ideological relation between gender and capitalism reflected by the woman\u2019s image in the advertisement of the magazines published for women. This also reflects the phenomenon of the Balinese women who always make their performances perfect using sensual dress to which various types of accessories are added. Actually, this prospers the patriarchal and capitalistic ideologies. \n\nDaniel Bell, Jean Baudrillard, and David Harvey, according to Adian (2005: 65\u201478), view postmodernism as a condition in which consumers do not only work to fulfill what they need to support their lives but also to fulfill what is needed to support their life style which then leads to the libidinal economy. In this context, the cultural industry always contributes to the consumptive culture, that is, a culture which accommodates the community\u2019s interests, desires and needs. This can be seen from various scopes of contemporary culture, especially the artistic articles which inspire people to do consumptive activities (Wijiyanto, 2012: 56).", "start_char_idx": 4903, "end_char_idx": 6673, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f09f3c74-bd3d-4585-932d-a9d2eedd4e08": {"__data__": {"id_": "f09f3c74-bd3d-4585-932d-a9d2eedd4e08", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18411", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "e58155c02494600a786e891fcc31dfbcb247b086826837d869e69cdbedea5aa9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8db28560-e03e-4b63-8d51-c4fa7a2e66c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "2bdb9c4d312af3e173bb57685f3d039705831e369a4e87bcff936d1ef60f9058", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "24705111-44e1-4346-8f0c-0da4e29ba8cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e959124bf718bf6ff5bdf2617c8c122b88781119d69fad9206ace01ed0eadb06", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "According to Widana (2011: 162), accessories are the important elements which can make someone\u2019s performance more perfect. In addition, accessories also show someone\u2019s social status in society. In this case, the type and form of an accessory can show a class identity and life style. According to Bhasin (1996: v), there are three obligations of women; they are Masak (cooking), Macak (dressing up), and Manak (giving birth to babies). Based on what is stated above, dressing up (macak) is an obligation of women, regardless of the class they belong to; in other words, those who belong to the higher, middle and lower classes are obliged to dress up. It is true that women are always required to perform beautifully in any space and time. It is not surprising, therefore, that women need more than men for their appareance. In this case, women should be able to pay attention to their performances in detail so that men will get interested in them.\n\nThey should be good at deciding what clothes and accessories to wear in order to be fashionable. To this end, the women who would like to appear before the public should perpetually consuming various products of fashion which always change from time to time. This is in line with what is stated by Bourdieu in Soedjatmiko (2008: 25) that consumption includes signs, symbols, ideas, and values and is used to separate one social group from another social group. Bourdieu does not see that the consumer consumptive habit is not only the product of social structures but it is an interaction between individuals and society. Making up is necessarily done by the current women. This requires them to allocate a certain amount of money to spend on the things needed to meet their desires. They desire to have various products of fashion in order to have beautiful and interesting performance. \n\nNyoman Wijaya, in his article entitled \u201cMelawan Ajeg Bali: Antara Ekslusivitas dan Komersialisasi\u201d [Opposing the Conservation of Bali: Between Exclusivity and Commercialization], affirms that Ajeg Bali is defined in three levels. First, in the individual level, Ajeg Bali is defined as the ability of the Balinese people to trust themselves culturally. Second, in the environmental level, Ajeg Bali is defined as a space which is created for the inclusive, multicultural and selective Balinese culture. Foreign cultural elements are selected in such a way that they will not change the Balinese culture. Third, in the level of cultural process, Ajeg Bali is defined as an interaction between the Balinese people and the space where the Balinese culture become into existence in order to produce new products or signs through a process which is based on the cultural values and local wisdom, and has in depth awareness of space and time (Atmadja, 2010: ix-x). As a discourse, Ajeg Bali has prospered and developed since 2002. The discourse of Ajeg Bali cannot be separated from the role played by the Bali Post in 2002, which was led by Satria Naradha, campaigned the discourse which an objective that the Balinese culture would always be well conserved (Nordhot, 2010: 68). Such a campaign was warmly welcome by Governor I Dewa Made Beratha who proposed that all the Balinese people conserve the Balinese culture and tradition. \n\n\nAs a positive response given by the Bali Governor, finally, various activities were done to support such an Ajeg Bali movement.  The Bali TV, the main electronic media, promoted the Balinese culture every time to maximize the movement; the authentic Balinese culture was presented, dharma wacana (the speeches on the Hindu teachings) and Balinese culture were presented more frequently, and the local civil servants, students and teachers were obliged to wear the Balinese traditional dress  (Nordholt, 2010: 70-74). Until now every full moon and dark of moon the local civil servants have been obliged to wear the Balinese traditional dress. The Balinese traditional dress which is obliged to be worn by the local civil servants every full moon and dark of moon has finally contributed to an opportunity for designers  and those who sell \u2018kebaya\u2019 (the woman\u2019s blouse the front of which is pinned together). Then the development of the Balinese traditional dress has become a life style as well. Now various forms and types of fabric are periodically produced to fulfill what is needed by the life style of the people especially women who always want to appear beautiful, fashionable and trendy.", "start_char_idx": 6677, "end_char_idx": 11144, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "24705111-44e1-4346-8f0c-0da4e29ba8cf": {"__data__": {"id_": "24705111-44e1-4346-8f0c-0da4e29ba8cf", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18411", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "e58155c02494600a786e891fcc31dfbcb247b086826837d869e69cdbedea5aa9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f09f3c74-bd3d-4585-932d-a9d2eedd4e08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "fbb7e698b4f7585d30b27b5ebd1770bae7fc3f12f9bf0ef1405f6c973c625e78", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9fc43412-3f17-4c75-9ac4-ee5b89834c30", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5e144ae8bd0e856173896a4d9d7ae4eeb7e811f280d3173e85aee67213404697", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The obligation of wearing the Balinese traditional dress at work places on particular days is responsible for the search made by women for new models of kabaya and unique accessories. Not only the consumer community which searches for the fashionable products, but also the garment manufacturers, designers, and boutiques. They compete to produce fashionable products which can be accepted by people, especially the Hindu women. Shopping has shown someone\u2019s established economy, the well-known shops of fashionable clothes will make use of the epidemic of consumerism attacking every individual in Bali. Those who contract the epidemic of consumerism will buy the products which are not possibly useful to them (Soedjatmiko, 2008: 9). Buying something at a popular shop will indicate that he/she has a high social status, coming from the established higher class. \n\n\nThe high demand for accessories resulting from the life style of the people who consider accessories complements of every performance has caused the industry of accessories in Bali to develop rapidly. The producers have produced accessories using the casting machine in order to be able to meet the high demand of accessories, meaning that they do not only produce the hand-made ones. However, the consequence of the use of the casting machines, apart from supporting the development of the craft industry in Bali, is that they have marginalized the local people especially those who live at Celuk Village. This is in accordance with what is stated by Marx that marginalization is a condition which is very difficult to be avoided in the capitalistic society. In this condition, machines have been able to control man (Kuntowijoyo, 226: 110). It is frightening that the industry which is developed in an area cannot benefit its people. \n\n\nThe producers of accessories have made various types of innovations, one of which is replacing the workforce with more efficient machines to maintain their consumers. In addition, the designs of accessories should be periodically developed. This is in line with what is stated by Kisfaludy (2008: 59) that \u201cthe design in continuously gaining importance in the development of the products so as to meet their various requirements, to produce high quality goods thus keeping and increasing our share in the market\u201d. What is stated by Kisfaludy through his dissertation can be globally accepted. The reason is that designs are very important when producing the quality products which can meet the market desire from time to time. Such products always locally and globally change, following from the people\u2019s life style. Such a condition always becomes into existence in the cultural industry. According to Mazhab Frankurt, the cultural industry forms what people desire to have which can contribute to their awareness and direct their desire for false needs (Suyanto, 2013: 114). As a result, the designs which are produced by the producers of accessories are intended to direct women to a pseudo-awareness which causes them to be trapped in consumerism. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nEvery woman is obliged to add accessories to what they wear when they go to work. They make the blouses they wear more perfect when they join any religious rituals. Accessories were getting important when the discourse Ajeg Bali was proposed. All the local civil servants were obliged to wear the Balinese traditional dress. A question needs to be raised \u201cwhat is the objective of the discourse of Ajeg Bali which has been recently discussed a lot? In this present study, it was found that Ajeg Bali had caused the Balinese people to be more consumptive and hedonist. Therefore, its meaning is that every individual, family, institution, and the government should apply Ajeg Bali. The obligation of wearing the Balinese traditional dress has prospered capitalists, namely, the producers of fashion and accessories.\nACKNOLWEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank the Directorate General of Higher Education and Indonesia Institute of the Arts Denpasar for the funds and administrative assistance needed to complete this present study.\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAldin, Alfatri. 2007. Spritual dan Realitas Kebudayaan Kontemporer. Bandung School of Thought Humanity and Cultural Studies. Bandung. Institut Teknologi Bandung.\nAtmadja, 2010. Ajeg Bali Gerakan, Identitas Kultural dan Globalisasi. Yogyakarta: LKIS.\nBhasin, Kamla. 1996. Menggugat Patriarkhi Pengantar Tentang Persoalan Dominasi Terhadap Kaum Perempuan. Jakarta: Yayasan Bentang Budaya.\nIbrahim, Idi Subandy. 2011.", "start_char_idx": 11147, "end_char_idx": 15716, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9fc43412-3f17-4c75-9ac4-ee5b89834c30": {"__data__": {"id_": "9fc43412-3f17-4c75-9ac4-ee5b89834c30", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18411", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "e58155c02494600a786e891fcc31dfbcb247b086826837d869e69cdbedea5aa9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "24705111-44e1-4346-8f0c-0da4e29ba8cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "dc259af9abee5bb232ebcd6ed42f7d62e0ba39b8ab1770aa98c3110d72960536", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "319ea0f4-3ba7-429f-8421-438096b8adc2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fc5cf275162bae2b3a0ba46171047a41a37e5f8df1d1588cfdf02a9affcf685c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Ibrahim, Idi Subandy. 2011. Kritik Budaya Komunikasi Budaya, Media, dan Gaya Hidup Dalam Proses Demokrasi di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nKisfaludy, Marta. 2008. Fashion and Innovation. Journal of Acta Polytechnica Hungarica. Volume 5. No. 2. Page 59-64.\n\nKontowijoyo. 2006. Budaya dan Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.\nNordholt, Henk Schulte. 2010. bali Banteng Terbuka 1995-2005 Otonomi Daerah, Demokrasi Elektroral, dan Identitas-Identitas Defensif. (Arif B. Prasetyo Penerjemah). Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan.\n\nPilliang, Yasraf Amir. 2011. Dunia yang Dilipat Tamasya Melampaui Batas-Batas Kebudayaan. Bandung: Matahari. \n\nSoedjatmiko, Haryanto. 2008. Saya Berbelanja Maka Saya Ada: ketika Konsumsi dan Desain Menjadi Gaya Hidup Konsumeris. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.\nSuyanto, Bagong. 2013. Sosiologi Ekonomi Kapitalisme dan Konsumsi di Era Masyarakat Post-Modernisme. Jakarta: Kencana.\nWidana, I Gusti Ketut. 2011. Menyoroti Etika Umat Hindu ke Pura Berpenampilan Selebritis. Denpasar: Pustaka Bali Post.\n\nWijayanto, Eko. (2012). Genetika Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Salemba Humanika.\nWijaya, I Nyoman. 2009. Mencintai Diri Sendiri: Gerakan Ajeg Bali Dalam Sejarah Kebudayaan Bali 1910-2007. Disertasi. Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Ilmu Budaya. Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta.\n108", "start_char_idx": 15689, "end_char_idx": 16978, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "319ea0f4-3ba7-429f-8421-438096b8adc2": {"__data__": {"id_": "319ea0f4-3ba7-429f-8421-438096b8adc2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18414", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "hash": "fc298f84197b0516060a5901782f2b2d49726489255a4d9a4653347b068d9261", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9fc43412-3f17-4c75-9ac4-ee5b89834c30", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18411", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2015-11-06", "file": "ecs-18411.doc"}, "hash": "516e97da94195d52883d9e4f44b620fa5c94115861fad91f202269afb3364982", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1398cd9f-2c80-43f3-897e-d8796ec25856", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "080527f2f23ec157c39af74fc16096020183bc67d47a166ce5666d7c7d3963a5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "BALISEERING GENEALOGY: \nDECONSTRUCTING THE DUCTH COLONIAL EDUCATION IN NORTH BALI AND ITS IMPLICATION IN GLOBALIZATION ERA\nI Made Pageh\nAnak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara\n\nAA Bagus Wirawan\n\nPutu Sukardja\n\nGanesha University of Education, Singaraja\nemail: imadepagehundiksha@yahoo.com.\nABSTRACT\n\nBaliseering in education hides the motives of the colonial ideological interest which are inserted in various colonial policies; it is hegemonic in regard to its structure and culture and has widely affected North Bali. In this present study, the qualitative method was used. In other words, the data were collected through interview, observation, and library research. The data were analyzed using the genealogic concepts of knowledge, domination, and hegemony (Foucault, Gramsci, and Giddens). However, the data which were related to education were eclectically analyzed using the concepts proposed by Bourdieu, Paulo Freire, and Ivan Ilich. \n\nThe result of the study shows that genealogically Baliseering in education hide the colonial ideology and interest which was inserted in various discourses of colonization and hegemony in the society\u2019s structure and culture with its wide impact. The motivation of Baliseering was obtaining cheap human resources in the bureaucratic modernization and making Bali an exotic tourist destination. The structure and culture of the Balinese people were created in a dominative and hegemonic way through hegemonic and colonial concepts in the traditional villages \u2018Desa Pakraman\u2019 in Bali. Its implication was highly wide; the political structure had been made to be hegemonic. In addition, ethnocentrism, primordialism, and colonization had been made to appear in both formal and informal education, causing liberalism and internationalism to appear. Apart from that, education had been made to be marginalized for the poor. \nKeywords: Baliseering, ideology, colonization, critical education.\nINTRODUCTION\n\nIt was found that the Baliseering policy could not be separated from what the colonial government did to maintain power by modernizing bureaucracy and making Bali an exotic tourist destination. The Baliseering process took place in a dominative and hegemonic way and it was legitimated by building the \u201cBali Monument in Surabaya\u201d.\n\n\nThrough colonization and hegemony, colonization was operated by creating hegemonic reliefs at the important temples in North Bali such as (a) the relief of modern transportation, the relief of airplanes, the relief of bicycles, and the relief of playing violin. Colonization was also operated by placing a bell at Catus Pata. (b) Colonizing and dominating formal and informal education was operated by Balinizing all the supporting components of the educational system. The informal education was operated by comodifying the painters who were under the Pita Maha Foundation. Baliseering widely affected the structure and culture of the Balinese people. The hegemonic primordialism was operated through the State of East Indonesia and the Board of Kings. The stronger ethnocentrism, primordialism, and capitalism appeared at the traditional villages through the maintenance of the Balinese culture and establishment of what is locally referred to as Pacalang. Colonization in education could not be separated from liberalism, internationalism, and marginalization of the poor from education, indicating that the national education had failed. The Balinese people were not aware that the globalized capitalism had dominated them, causing the culture, land, and religion in Bali to be comodified and profane.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3620, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1398cd9f-2c80-43f3-897e-d8796ec25856": {"__data__": {"id_": "1398cd9f-2c80-43f3-897e-d8796ec25856", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18414", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "hash": "fc298f84197b0516060a5901782f2b2d49726489255a4d9a4653347b068d9261", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "319ea0f4-3ba7-429f-8421-438096b8adc2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "hash": "70c8956fdea80f816591b0d7205c27f658a7086466fca828aa4d33ad5bb022b7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "464f4f20-dd76-4af7-88fb-db52d732138b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "21d4d30b0f2a25d6e71b9ced19f56b3de3139b6aaf38a19a6cc885e003fe1003", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The problems of the present study are formulated as follows (1) why the Baliseering appeared,(2) How the Baliseering in North Bali took place, (3) What was its implication in the globalization era.\nRESEARCH METHOD  \n\nThe qualitative method was used to answer the three problems of the study formulated above, meaning that the social science research procedure was employed. In other words, the data were collected through observation, interview, and library research. Then the data were verified, analyzed and concluded from the perspective of cultural studies. The collected data were analyzed, verified and concluded using narration, tables, photographs, and charts from the perspective of cultural studies.\n\nDISCUSSION\n\nThe first Baliseering education was firstly proposed by Flierhaar (1932) in Sidemen (1983), which is also referred to as Balinization (Picard,, 2006), rebalinization (Atmadja, 2010), which was intended to maintain the Balinese culture from being degraded. Maintenance in the colonial era was politically done to oppose the radical ideology which disagreed with the Dutch colonial government. The Balinese structure and culture were used as the \u201cliving museum\u201d, for which an exotic culture tourist destination was prepared. \n\nThe Baliseering educational policy was inspired by the Dutch colonial government\u2019s interest in modernizing bureaucracy. Schools were built to produce the administrators and technicians needed to undertake the policy of modernizing bureaucracy in Bali. Tourist destinations were prepared by rehabilitating several temples and inserting hegemonic reliefs, in which the relation between the east and west was reflected in such a way that the Balinese people were not aware that they had been dominated. The relation between knowledge and the western philosophy was reflected in the reliefs. \n\n\nThe Baliseering educational policy was implicitly intended to hide two main interests; they are the modernization of bureaucracy and culture tourism. On the other side, the Dutch government was afraid of the teachers, as the threatening elites, as there was a discourse of conflict over castes which potentially contained nationalism, communism, and Islamism. Thus, the Baliseering educational policy was intended to hide the interest in modernizing bureaucracy (maintaining power). As well, it was also intended to hide the economic interest, namely, making Bali an interesting exotic tourist destination of culture tourism. \n\nThe power of the colonial government in Bali was symbolically legitimated by building the \u201cBali Monument in Surabaya\u201d, giving an impression that the colonial government was afraid of the patriotism in Bali. Using the local genius as the basis, colonization and hegemony were operated and hidden in the reliefs of the temples using the western cultural symbols. \n\n\nThe Baliseering process took place by preparing the structure of tourism and educating people informally by dominating and colonizing various colonial concepts through the reliefs in the tourist destinations which had been prepared to be visited by foreign tourists in Bali. The local knowledge which was made to appear on the reliefs of the holy buildings in North Bali was illustrated by the relief of airplane; the relief of car; the relief of those drinking alcoholic drinks can be seen at Jagaraga Dalem Temple. The relief reflecting a Dutch who was playing violin was related to the guitar held by Goddess Saraswati symbolizing sciences. Similarly, the position of Garuda Wisnu Kencana with its relief reflecting a Dutch who was cycling, which can be found at Maduwe Karang Temple, illustrated the hegemony over the Lord Wisnu\u2019s vehicle. A bell was used to reflect hegemony over the ritual Centrum of Catus Pata; this was intended to shift the people\u2019s orientation towards the Church and money \u201cthe time is money\u201d (materialistic). Ringgit , as the currency, could not be separated from the life circle ritual and the Hindu rituals performed by the Balinese people. The colonization through the Baliseering policy was operated through the ideological domain, cultural domain, traditional villages, religious system, physical buildings, arts, and the language used at the traditional village. The cultural capital, economic capital, political capital, and the capital of local genius were used to dominate and colonize in such a way that the local people were unaware of such a policy.", "start_char_idx": 3624, "end_char_idx": 8044, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "464f4f20-dd76-4af7-88fb-db52d732138b": {"__data__": {"id_": "464f4f20-dd76-4af7-88fb-db52d732138b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18414", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "hash": "fc298f84197b0516060a5901782f2b2d49726489255a4d9a4653347b068d9261", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1398cd9f-2c80-43f3-897e-d8796ec25856", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "hash": "00d016d38696ae8b71689ca593688ed979196a2825e58dd264f4c59f89089e50", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1b0c63ae-c062-4ba2-a866-a936568471c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "069505ea5bc6c55cf8917c2bd62428eb53b28d9cb483332bdf2530d68bdb2425", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Ideologies were introduced through schools; schools were made to be the agent of the Baliseering process. The policy taken by the Dutch government was undertaken by deconstructing all the educational components such as curriculum (including the hidden curriculum), the local like physical building, the teachers who were chosen from the artists, text books, art education, drawing, and sports in which the movements made in the Balinese dances were imitated, and the way of Balinese life which had been intended. The role played by the Pita Maha Foundation was highly important in what to do to comodify arts for the sake of tourism. This supports what is stated by Boudieu that habitus, traditional and organic intellectuals are created in the educational domain of the young generation, strengthened by the regulation regulating the legal sanction as a means of disciplining the local people so that Bali would permanently be the \u201cliving museum\u201d benefiting the Western capitalism and colonialism. \n\nThe striking impact of the Baliseering policy in the globalization era includes: the hegemony of primordialism over the State of East Indonesia and the Board of Kings, the ethnocentrism of the traditional village \u2018Desa Pekraman\u2019 through the slogan \u201cAjeg Bali\u201d and \u201cPacalang\u201d. The political responses given were in the forms of \u201cBakso Haram\u201d (Forbidden Bakso), the issue of terrorism in Bali. The primordial political picture was reflected in the forms of the Gray Buleleng Affair \u201cBuleleng Kelabu\u201d, the mass emotion of being \u201csutindih\u201d to Megawati as the family of Soekarno who was perceived of having the blood of Buleleng. The educational colonization, which led to liberalism, internationalism, and marginalization of the poor from education, proved that the national education had failed to implement what is instructed in the 1945 Constitution that the mentality of the nation should be developed. The world of culture tourism had transformed to follow what was needed by the market, causing arts to be comodified following the number of tourists visiting Bali, the financial situation, the development of technology and telecommunication within the context of globalized and localized ideology which contributed to the world\u2019s view of the Balinese people. The sacred things were made to be profane; the land, tradition, and religion in the \u201cculture tourism\u201d developed in Bali were comodified. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION", "start_char_idx": 8048, "end_char_idx": 10474, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1b0c63ae-c062-4ba2-a866-a936568471c0": {"__data__": {"id_": "1b0c63ae-c062-4ba2-a866-a936568471c0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18414", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "hash": "fc298f84197b0516060a5901782f2b2d49726489255a4d9a4653347b068d9261", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "464f4f20-dd76-4af7-88fb-db52d732138b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "hash": "80e240136a59659e92c6d6aefdd86bc3dc8c0bc3ff06b7c4731071517a841bfd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "92d689c9-a354-4357-9d14-c16867ecf290", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "96aadf0c8e4a0d4e66405937a30464f04267641e036c85a17f16bf03fb254674", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The conclusions that can be drawn from the present study are as follows. First, the Baliseering policy was motivated by the colonial interest that the ideology of nationalism and radicalism should be stemmed. It was undertaken to produce educated human resources and to make Bali the \u201cLiving Museum\u201d for the sake of the exotic culture tourism. Second, the process of Baliseering took place in a dominative and hegemonic way and was legitimated by constructing the \u201cBali Monument in Surabaya\u201d. The tourist destinations with colonization and hegemony were developed using the reliefs at the important holy places in North Bali. Such reliefs reflected modern transportation, playing violin, and cycling. In addition, a bell was also placed at Catus Pata. Education, which was balinized, was used as the agent of Baliseering. Third, the Baliseering policy affected the local people\u2019s structure and culture, as can be seen from the establishment of the State of East Indonesia, the Board of Kings, and the Gray Buleleng Affair \u201cperistiwa Buleleng Kelabu\u201d. Ethnocentrism and capitalism were getting stronger in Bali and were transformed into what is locally referred to as \u201cAjeg Bali\u201d and \u201cPacalang\u201d. The educational colonization was seen in the education system which led to liberalism, internationalism and marginalization of the poor from education in the globalization era. Arts were comodified, depending on the number of tourists visiting Bali, financial situation, and the development of telecommunication technology. The globalized and localized ideology caused what was sacred to be profane, the land, tradition and religion in Bali to be comodified. \n\nFrom what was described above, it can be suggested as follows. First, this present study is far from being perfect; therefore, further studies should be conducted by the researchers in the future to make the result of the study more perfect. Second, the government should take a strategic policy to overcome the marginalization of the poor from education, as instructed in the 1945 Constitution. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Ganesha University of Education (Undiksha) and its staff, Udayana University and the Doctorate Study Program of Cultural Studies of Udayana University.\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nAtmadja, Ngh. Bawa. 2010. Ajeg Bali: Gerakan, Identitas Kultural, dan Globalisasi. Yogyakarta: LKiS.\n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1986. \u201cThe Form of Capital\u201d. Dalam Hand Book of Theory and Research for The Sociology of Education. New York: Green- wood Press.\n\nDerrida, Jacques.1988. The Ear of The Other. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. \n\nFlierhaar , H.Te. 1931. De Aanpassing van het Inlandsch Orderwijs op Bali aan de Eigen Sfeer. Batavia: Kolonial Belanda.\n\nFoucault, Michel. 1969. The Archeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language L\u2019archeologie du Savoir (Penerjemah). London: Tavistock Publications Limited.\n\nIvan Illich, dkk. 2013. Sekolah Dibubarkan: Lantas Mau Apa? Pro dan Kontra Terhadap Pandangan Ivan Illich. Ign. Gatut Saksono (penyadur). Yogyakarta: Ampera Utama.\n\nKumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom. 2010. \u201cKonstruksi Wacana Ajeg Bali dalam Relasi Kuasa: Antara Ideologi dan Utopia\u201d. Orasi Ilmiah: dalam Pidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Tetap dalam Bidang Ilmu Epistimologi Antropologi pada Faksas Unud, Sabtu, 6 November 2010. \n\nPicard, Michel. 2006. Bali Pariwisata Budaya dan Budaya Pariwisata. Jean Couteau & Warih Wisatsana (Penerjemah). Jakarta : Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.\n\nSidemen, Ida Bagus. 1983. \u201cBaliseering dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perkembangan Pariwisata di Bali\u201d. Laporan Penelitian. Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.\n\nWijaya, I Nyoman. 2009. \u201cMencintai Diri Sendiri: Gerakan Ajeg Bali dalam Sejarah Kebudayaan Bali 1910-2007\u201d.Disertasi S-3 UGM. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada. \n\n109", "start_char_idx": 10477, "end_char_idx": 14281, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "92d689c9-a354-4357-9d14-c16867ecf290": {"__data__": {"id_": "92d689c9-a354-4357-9d14-c16867ecf290", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18420", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "hash": "099a25301215c61d88216ad76ce8cbd740bddcb7d6bb900718f61c8dee96c414", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1b0c63ae-c062-4ba2-a866-a936568471c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18414", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18414.doc"}, "hash": "eca3826306c160e7a65613392d01f356c9178f7ec0d9aecf751a8146db23efc2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d4921c95-327d-4377-96a0-20684b8d6006", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0578cf9ae53a3f4cc13c7e36ed10418ee0d3292fd2db15ad102949f778185fbe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "PITAMAHA: MIMICRY IN ARTS AND DESIGN \n\nDURING THE COLONIAL ERA\nI Ketut Supir\nNengah Bawa Atmadja\n\nI Gede Mudana\nDepartment of Arts and Design Education, \nGanesha University of Education, Singaraja\n\nemail: ketut_supir@yahoo.co.id\nABSTRACT\n\nDuring the pre-colonial era the Balinese arts and design were dominated by the themes of puppetry which contained the Hindu religious teachings. When the Dutch colonial government controlled Bali, the Balinese arts and design changed. This present study is intended to explore the existence of the Pitamaha association and the attitude of the Pitamaha painters towards the domination of the modern arts and design taught by Spies and Bonnet. The qualitative method and the postcolonial theory combined with various other critical supporting theories were used in the present study. \n\nThe result of the study shows that Pitamaha is the first modern association of arts in Bali. However, Pitamaha still integrated the pattern of the Balinese traditional association. In this association, the royal elites were involved as the mediators between Spies and Bonnet and the Balinese painters. Spies and Bonnet taught the modern arts which were different from and even contrasted with the Balinese arts and design. However, the Pitamaha painters welcome it. This could not be separated from the practice of teaching through hegemony and domination which contrasted with what had been desired by the Balinese painters who intended to maintain the Balinese arts and design. In such an ambivalent condition, they mimed the modern arts and design. The mimicry made was not intended to mime the modern arts and design; instead, the mimicry made was intended to interpret with reference to the norms of the Balinese arts and design. \nKeywords: Pitamaha, mimicry, arts and design, colonial era.\nINTRODUCTION\n\nDuring the pre-colonial era, the Balinese arts and design were closely related to Hinduism. Hinduism became the source which inspired the arts and design, and the arts and design were used as the media for transmitting the values of the Hindu teaching. The arts and design were created based on the principle of ngayah (sincere devotion) for God (Bandem, 1995: 99). In this context, the arts and design were not used as the space where things were expressed; instead, they were used as the unifying media with Siwa (the source of arts). \n\nDuring the Dutch colonial era, the Balinese arts and design changed after the Pitamaha association was established. The Pitamaha association, which was based at Ubud, was used as the arena by Spies and Bonnet to implant the ideology of the modern arts and design. Such a teaching of the modern arts and design gave different impressions to the Balinese painters. They intended to master the technology of the modern arts and design which offered advancement, renewal, rationality, and kindness; however, their intention to main their tradition was still strong. Such an ambivalent attitude occurred to the painters who belonged to the Pitamaha association.\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\nIn this present study, the qualitative method was used to reveal the hidden meaning of a visible fact. This field study was conducted at Ubud and Batuan, where the derived Pitamaha association continued the style of Pitamaha arts. The data were collected through observation and interview techniques, and library research. The data were descriptively-qualitatively analyzed using the interpretative approach combined with various critical theories. \n\nDISCUSSION\n\n\nThe Pitamaha was established as a consequence of the anxiety about the fact that the quality of the Balinese arts and design was getting worse. Spies and Bonnet invited Cokorda Gede Agung Sukawati and I Gusti Nyoman Lempad to establish the Pitamaha association on 29th January 1936 (Djelantik, 1990; Couteu, 1999). The name Pitahama was adopted from the Old Javanese language, meaning ancestor. The word ancestor, in this case, refers to Lord Brahma (Vickers, 2011; Couteau, 1999). In the Hindu cosmology, Lord Brahma is the lord who creates everything in the world.\n\nThe teaching process implemented in Pitamaha referred to the modern teaching pattern. Spies and Bonnet taught the modern arts and design through a direct intervention as what is implemented in the formal educational institution (Djelantik, 1988: 31). The modern arts and design were explained using the examples of the works created by the modern artists.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4479, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d4921c95-327d-4377-96a0-20684b8d6006": {"__data__": {"id_": "d4921c95-327d-4377-96a0-20684b8d6006", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18420", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "hash": "099a25301215c61d88216ad76ce8cbd740bddcb7d6bb900718f61c8dee96c414", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "92d689c9-a354-4357-9d14-c16867ecf290", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "hash": "2ef44251f51b1fe0c15e77fd2887b78aa0cc1d2cf05ed5313dce400930d1636e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b87e03e2-a500-4338-810e-eab4d913f1e1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0144defeeac73a3b6abd5bfce5851f128472a50f845e5cb51d100e7b0146b517", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The modern arts and design were explained using the examples of the works created by the modern artists. Actually, the examples given were not to be mimed; instead, they were only used as the media for making what was taught easily understood. This was different from the traditional teaching pattern, both in how an expertise was transmitted by a parent to his children and in the form of cantrik. In the traditional teaching pattern, a cantrik directly mimed what was done by his/her teacher. \n\nSpies and Bonnet also directed the painters to leave their collective identity in order to find their personal identity apart from teaching technical matters. The modern arts and design highly appreciated the personal identity and refuted the collective identity. This could not be separated from the autonomous art principle (Piliang, 2006: 130). In this case, autonomy means that, as an individual, a painter was independent from his environment and became an independent subject. In the autonomous condition, an artist can express his own feeling, as an art is a medium for expressing his feeling and strengthening himself as a genius autonomous subject (Wolf, 1981: 27). \n\nWhat was taught by Spies and Bonnet to Pitamaha was closer to the modern arts and design. They treated the modern arts and design as the arts and design which were superior, developing, rational, developed, and good. The Balinese arts and design, in contrast, were treated as the arts and design which were inferior, static, irrational, traditional and not good. The Balinese arts and design should be modernized. Such a difference caused the subject and object to appear, in which the subject positioned itself as something which organized the object. The subject constructed itself as \u201cself\u201d in order to differentiate it from the object as the \u201cother\u201d. It was what was understood of the \u201cotherness\u201d which could cause domination to appear to organize the \u201cother\u201d. Said stated that the East which appears in the Orientalism is a system of orientation which is tied together by a set of strengths which carry the East to the West, the western awareness, and then the Western empire. The eastern states were viewed within a framework which was constructed by the biological determinism and the teaching of political morality. The Eastern states were seldom directly viewed; they were carefully observed; they were analyzed not as states or people; instead, they were analyzed as the problems which should be solved or restricted as the colonial strengths openly desired that their territories should be taken over (Said, 2001: 263-269). \n\nThe modern arts and design taught by Spies and Bonnet offered progress and renewal and attracted tourists. Bonnet suggested that the painters should paint the themes describing daily life as such themes were enjoyed by the European tourists who did not have the puppetry culture. On one hand, the Pitamaha painters were surprised at the modern arts and design which presented the forms of volume, the impression of being close and far, and presenting the bright and dark parts of an object. The painting which was produced was the result of what was observed from a natural object through the eyes. On the other hand, the painters had inherited the Balinese arts and design which was intended to give beauty but also to give a medium which contained the values of the religion which they adhered to. Therefore, it was difficult of them to leave the Balinese arts and design. \n\nOn one hand, they intended to master the modern arts and design; on the other hand, they intended to maintain the Balinese arts and design, meaning that the modern arts and design and the Balinese arts and design attracted each other in their minds, leading to ambivalence. According to Bhabha in Ashcroft et al. (2001: 13), ambivalence is not only felt by the colonized group, but it was a condition which disturbs the authority of the colonial domination and the relation between the colonized and the colonizer. Therefore, the colonizer hated the discourse of ambivalence. \n\n\nThe ambivalent condition encouraged the painters to mime the modern art and design. The mimicry made indicated that the modern arts and design and the Balinese arts and design were in a position which was not balanced. They mimed to occupy a position which was equal to the position of the western painters. Although mimicry led to equality, the Pitamaha painters were not able to equalize the Western painters. This was in line with what was stated by Fanon that the colonial subject was aware that it would never obtain the nature of being white although it was taught to obtain it (Loomba, 2003: 228).", "start_char_idx": 4375, "end_char_idx": 9046, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b87e03e2-a500-4338-810e-eab4d913f1e1": {"__data__": {"id_": "b87e03e2-a500-4338-810e-eab4d913f1e1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18420", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "hash": "099a25301215c61d88216ad76ce8cbd740bddcb7d6bb900718f61c8dee96c414", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d4921c95-327d-4377-96a0-20684b8d6006", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "hash": "9648d77763a2a8c964d79156abe586c3144b0c48b8fc8e136fa7152d1ac01e91", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "442439c7-a7d9-4d40-bd97-c304aaab56a4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "416a18a4017f0b2a98f8bd982754d093f908d212a503901eed6493c9b162415a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The painters mimed the perspective, anatomy, and brightness of the modern arts and design through the imaginative procedure; as a result, the result which was achieved was not in accordance with what was applicable in the West. They did not draw the object based on the mathematical calculation and scientific-analytic, as what was done by the Western painters. They employed estimated calculation; as a result, the \u201cestimated\u201d perspective and anatomy appeared (Couteau, 2003: 126). They mimed in order not to be the same as the mimed; instead, they mimed in order to mock. Gandhi in Budiawan (2010: vi) affirmed that miming does not fully mean following. Mimicry frequently contains the element of mockery.\n\n\nWhen drawing a human being, the painters did not fully follow the realistic art norm; instead, they followed the puppetry pattern. The face was drawn to appear a three quarter, and the feet were drawn to appear from the front (Djelantik, 1990: 120). The anatomy was implemented on particular parts based on estimated calculation. The light made for the object was not based on the fact; in fact, it was based on imagination, making the object not to be perfectly seen. Such imperfectness resulted from the fact that they did not use to observe the object.  They drew human beings based on what they could memorize and stereotype. The human figure which was presented did not fully show \u201cindividual\u201d as what was presented by the Western painters; instead, the human figure still showed the nature of \u201cmy being collective\u201d (Couteau, 2003: 115). \n\nThe Pitamaha painters mimed the modern arts and design inaccurately as they were technically weak; they were not dependent on the modern arts and design; instead, they would like to be ambivalent through the process of imitation. Their being unfaithful to the modern arts and design norms could also be their way of mocking the Western domination. However, they did not show it openly; they showed it by perpetually presenting the unreal colonial identity (Aschcroft et al., 2007: 118). \n\nThe way in which the Pitamaha painters mimed and mocked was intended to obtain recognition from the colonial; or it could be a satire addressed to the Western painters that they could not fully control the local arts and design. It could also mean that the Pitamaha painters constructed the third space, through which they eliminated the hierarchy between the Western painters and the Balinese painters (Ascroft, et al., 2007: 118).  They could combine freely the modern arts and design and the Balinese arts and design through the third space in order to produce new forms. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nFraction, tension, and negotiation took place between the dominating class and the dominated class in the process of the modernization of the Balinese arts and design. The Pitamaha painters mimed the modern arts and design inaccurately. Such an inaccuracy was used as the medium for showing themselves before the dominating class. Mimicry and mockery were used to show that the modern arts and design could not fully control the Balinese arts and design. Although being affected by the Western painters, the Pitamaha painters could show their identity. \n\nThe studies in the Balinese arts and design from the perspective of cultural studies, including those using the postcolonial theory, are scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the Balinese arts and design using the critical theories. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Darma Putra, M.Litt., Prof. Dr. I Nengah Bawa Atmadja, MA., and Dr. I Gede Mudana, M.Si. for their highly meaningful input and suggestions during the completion of this present study.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAshcroft, dkk., 2001. Postcolonial Transformation. London and New York: Routledge Tyalor & Francis.\n\nAshcroft, Bill, dkk. 2007. Post-colonial Studies: The Key Concepts. New York: Routledge.\n\nBandem, I Made. 1995. \u201cJati Diri Orang Bali dalam Perspektif Kesenian\u201d, dalam Wiryatnaya dan Jean Couteau, Bali di Persimpangan Jalan I: Sebuah Bunga Rampai. Denpasar: Nusa data Indo Budaya. \n\nBudiawan. 2010. \u201cKetika Ambivalensi Menjadi Kata Kunci: Sebuah Pengantar\u201d, dalam Budiawan, Editor.", "start_char_idx": 9050, "end_char_idx": 13276, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "442439c7-a7d9-4d40-bd97-c304aaab56a4": {"__data__": {"id_": "442439c7-a7d9-4d40-bd97-c304aaab56a4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18420", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "hash": "099a25301215c61d88216ad76ce8cbd740bddcb7d6bb900718f61c8dee96c414", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b87e03e2-a500-4338-810e-eab4d913f1e1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "hash": "b0bda8b6bf0aaecb0662c485ff1cb898efe45cb387445c17ea9056fa6d9b2afa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cddee07d-fae7-43f4-9507-f6b9a3f145cb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "53ac6b4d244b91d322dd3fb6d7077cf8b41dcfbe48718016832b1445a3a510e0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Ambivalensi: post-kolonialisme Membedah Musik sampai Agama di Indonesia. Yogyakrata: Jalasutra.\n\nCouteau, Jean. 1999. Museum Puri Lukisan. Ubud: Yayasan Rathna Warta. \nCouteau, Jean. 2003. \u201cWacana Seni Rupa Bali Modern\u201d, dalam Aspek-aspek Seni Visual Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Yayasan seni Cemeti.\n\nDjelantik, A.A.M. 1990. Balinese Paintings. Singapore: Oxford University Press.\n\nLoomba, Ania. 2003. Kolonialisme/Pascakolonialisme. Yogyakarta: Bentang Budaya.\n\nPiliang, Amir Yasraf. 2006. \u201cAntara Homogenitas dan Heterogenitas: Estetika dalam \u201cCultural Studies\u201d, dalam Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Volume 3 Nomor Juli 2006. Denpasar: Program S2 dan S3 Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.\n\nSaid, Edward W. 2001. Orientalism. (Asep Hikmat, penterjemah.). Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka. \n\nVickers, Adrian. 2011. \u201cUbud: Becoming Bali\u2019s Centre of the Arts 1920-1970, dalam Indrio M, Bembi Dwi dan Soemantri Widagdo, Ubud: A Short History of Art and Cultural Centre in Bali.  Ubud: Museum Puri Lukisan Ubud.\n\nWolf, Janet. 1981. The Social Production of Art. New York: New York University Press.\n3", "start_char_idx": 13277, "end_char_idx": 14352, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cddee07d-fae7-43f4-9507-f6b9a3f145cb": {"__data__": {"id_": "cddee07d-fae7-43f4-9507-f6b9a3f145cb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18422", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "hash": "ee334c9f757af351c84308066ae366be9281af4f67acb591583016542c7f299e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "442439c7-a7d9-4d40-bd97-c304aaab56a4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18420", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18420.doc"}, "hash": "665a2238bb17f341b1b4a617ca3f147007c94d84de340a37d4da397acf73600d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d08b6f09-1ebc-4c55-abb5-a700ec8c2995", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d9a8e3e87f271560b72010d8222788222f3c4c1e71849e8f030d0bef4a76a1d5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "DECONSTRUCTING THE IDEOLOGY OF RESISTANCE \nSHOWN BY THE PEOPLE LIVING AT CANDIKUNING VILLAGE \nTO THE MANAGEMENT OF EKA KARYA BALI BOTANICAL GARDEN\n\nI Wayan Sujana\nAA Bagus Wirawan\nI Nyoman Sirtha\nI Nyoman Dhana\nMahasaraswati University, Denpasar\nemail: sujanaiwayan@yamail.com\n\n\nABSTRACT\n\tThe people living at Candikuning Village are not involved in the management of the Eka Karya Bali Botanical Garden; however, they intend to enjoy the retribution which is received by the Botanical Garden, for which they show their resistance to the management. This article is intended to understand the ideology which has inspired the local people to argue that they are entitled to the retribution received by the Eka Karya Bali Botanical Garden.  The data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The data were critically analyzed using the deconstruction method.  \n\tBased on the analysis of the facts which had inspired the resistance shown by the local people living at Candi Kuning Village to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden, it could be understood that the geopolitical ideology was used as the basis of the resistance. Therefore, the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden should give some of the retribution they received to the local people. The Botanical garden is located at Candikuning Village or part of the area of Candikuning Village. However, the village had never received any retribution from the Botanical Garden. The management should remember the proverb \u201cdi mana bumi dipijak di situ langit dijunjung\u201d (we should adjust ourselves to the environment where we stay), based on the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, meaning that the management should give retribution to the temple located at the area of the Botanical Garden. \n\nKeywords: geopolitical ideology, resistance, share of distribution.\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\tBasically, this article discusses the answer to the question why the people living at Candikuning Village show their resistance to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden. Such a question was inspired by an action, that is, the resistance which was shown by the people living at Candikuning Village to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden that they were entitled to the retribution which was received by the Botanical Garden. In this case, the term resistance is adopted from what is stated by Scott (1993), who states that resistance is \u201c\u2026 every action taken by the members of a group of people to show disagreement with what is claimed \u2026 or to show what they claim \u2026\u201d\n\tThe resistance shown by the people at Candikuning Village to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden is interesting to explore. The reason is that they are not involved in the management of the Botanical Garden. Based on the assumption that an action is usually related to a certain ideology which is adhered to by its followers, this article is intended to deconstruct the ideology of the resistance shown by the people living at Candikuning Village to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden.  The term ideology in this article refers to the concept proposed by Jones and Wareing (in Atmadja and Atmadja, 2008: 240), who state that \u201cnow the word ideology is more widely used to refer to the faiths which are felt to be logical and \u2018reasonable\u2019 by those who adhere to it. \n\tIn relation to what was described above, this article is intended to understand the ideology of the argument given by the people living at Candikuning Village for the resistance they show to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden.  Therefore, in practice, it is expected that the result of the study will enrich the knowledge of the ideology which has caused the people living at Candi Kuning Village to show resistance. Furthermore, in practice, it is also expected that the result of the study will make the related parties to be aware that there has been an ideology which has caused the people living at Candikuning Village to show their resistance to the management of the botanical garden. Therefore, it is expected that the related parties can collectively find a solution to such a resistance without inflicting any parties.", "start_char_idx": 52, "end_char_idx": 4300, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d08b6f09-1ebc-4c55-abb5-a700ec8c2995": {"__data__": {"id_": "d08b6f09-1ebc-4c55-abb5-a700ec8c2995", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18422", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "hash": "ee334c9f757af351c84308066ae366be9281af4f67acb591583016542c7f299e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cddee07d-fae7-43f4-9507-f6b9a3f145cb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "hash": "42d03541d110c092d507dde689fc084f258dfe7e10176882660632684eacf500", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0e19e732-9e50-47bf-b4ca-c7305daef906", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "62e05f31aceb0790f756a748c645ffa359f1f4c194d48d4bdecef54403ad9c78", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD\n\tThe data in the present study were fully taken from the facts written in the form of a dissertation written by I Wayan Sujana, Doctorate Program of Cultural Studies, School of Postgraduate Studies, Udayana University entitled \u201cThe Resistance Shown by the Community of Candi Kuning Village, Baturiti, Tabanan, Bali to the Management of Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden Tourist Destionation\u201d.  The qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative methods were used in the study.\n\tThe data were collected using the in-depth interview, observation, and documentary methods. The facts which appeared from the argument used by the local people to show their resistance to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden were critically analyzed using the deconstruction method. \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\tAs far as the resistance shown by the people living at Candi Kuning Village to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden is concerned, the informants informed that \u201cthe Botanical Garden is located in the area of Candikuning Village\u201d. They further stated that \u201calthough the Botanical Garden is part of Candikuning Village, no retribution has been given to the village yet\u201d. \u2026 The villages which are located close to tourist destinations usually share the retribution they receive\u201d \u2026\u201dThe management of the Botanical Garden should remember that it should adjust itself to the environment where it is located \u2026 in accordance with what is taught in the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana \u2026 the management should give retribution for the renovation of the temple which is located at the area of the Botanical Garden\u201d.\n\tBased on the information given by the informants, it is identified that the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden is located in the area of Candikuning Village; therefore, it is advisable for the Botanical Garden to give retribution to the village. If this can be realized, then the management will be regarded as being able to adjust itself to the local condition as stated in the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana. It is an ideology which emphasizes that the relation between human beings and God, the relation between human beings and their fellow beings, and the relation between human beings and environment should be importantly in harmony. That means that the geopolitical ideology is used as the reference by the local people, namely, an ideology which emphasizes the geopolitical position-based policy. \n\tSuch logic reflects the truth, as, in fact, the map of Candi Kuning Village shows that the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden is located in the area of Candikuning Village. What is regarded as being true, in this case, refers to what is stated by \u201cthe theory of what is correspondently true\u201d in which it is stated that a statement (knowledge, theory, proposition, hypothesis) is stated to be true if it is adjusted or related to an empirical reality. Apart from that, such logic is seen to be adjusted to Article 6 of Peraturan Daerah \u2018Perda\u201d (the Regional Regulation) of Bali Province Number 3 of 2001 concerning Desa Pekraman (Traditional Village). It is stated that the \u201ctraditional village\u201d has the authority to make decisions on the implementation of any regulation based-development in its area related to Tri Hita Karana. In Article 10, it is stated that \u201cthe earnings of the traditional village are earned from: \u2026 e. Any other legal revenues: f. the non-binding donation received from the third party\u201d. These stipulations give opportunity to the local people to express their opinion that they should have been involved in the management of the Botanical Garden, and that they should have received donation from the management. It is not surprising, therefore, that the local people argue that the management of the tourist destination should have received retribution from the management, especially if the donation received will be spent on the activities performed related to Tri Hita Karana.    If the management is not willing to give any donation to the village, then it will be stated not to do what it should have done, for which it should be warned in a particular way. \n\tThe view with the geopolitical ideology as described above reflects that there is relation of power between Candikuning Village with the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden Tourist Destination. In this case, based on the ownership of the area, the local people consider themselves the superordinate party and the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden the subordinate party. The reason is that the area where the Botanical Garden is located is included in the area of Candikuning Village.", "start_char_idx": 4304, "end_char_idx": 8933, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0e19e732-9e50-47bf-b4ca-c7305daef906": {"__data__": {"id_": "0e19e732-9e50-47bf-b4ca-c7305daef906", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18422", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "hash": "ee334c9f757af351c84308066ae366be9281af4f67acb591583016542c7f299e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d08b6f09-1ebc-4c55-abb5-a700ec8c2995", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "hash": "85de87fd40504e06e323c68705a1db030baad3d8e2cce4fdcdc8812992380977", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8a5d7cfe-64d6-487a-b57c-f217d1f0e14d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "652c525bce04f490e2dc9535e2ec9336a154480f317789ff39648dbeb266b3aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It is in such a relation of power the people living at Candikuning Village are in the opinion that the management of the Eka Karya Botanical Garden should give distribution to them. Such an opinion also reflects the logic that if the management is not willing to give retribution to Candikuning Village, then the resistance shown to the management will be a must and/or will not be wrong.\n\tThe fact that, geographically, the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden is located in the era of Candikuning Village may not be properly used as the basis for referring to the village the superordinate party and the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden the subordinate party. In relation to this, what is stated by Schermerhorn as quoted by Poerwanto (2005: 8), is importantly used as the reference. He states that the dominating class is made up of two groups; they are the dominating group and the elite group. The number of the dominating group is greater and has more power than the number of the subordinate group. The number of the elite group is smaller but has more power than the subordinate group. In addition, the subordinate group is made up of what is referred to as the mass subject and minority group. The mass subject is the group which has more members but less power than the dominating group. The minority group is the group which has less members and power than the dominating group. \n\tViewed from the perspective theory, as far as the dominating group and subordinate group are concerned, it seems that the people living at Candikuning Village cannot be stated as the dominating group within the context of the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden. The fact shows that the local is larger in number; however, they have less power than the management of the tourist destination. The reason is that the management of the tourist destination represents the Republic of Indonesia as the tourist destination is under a government\u2019s institution which is referred to as LIPI. Therefore, if viewed from the structure of the government of the Republic Indonesia, the people living at Candikuning Village are the subordinate group (the mass subject group) which has less power than the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden. Therefore, it is not surprising that the people living at Candikuning Village is not powerful enough to claim that the management of the botanical garden should give retribution to them. However, the geopolitics is still logically used as the basis for showing resistance to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden.", "start_char_idx": 8934, "end_char_idx": 11504, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8a5d7cfe-64d6-487a-b57c-f217d1f0e14d": {"__data__": {"id_": "8a5d7cfe-64d6-487a-b57c-f217d1f0e14d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18422", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "hash": "ee334c9f757af351c84308066ae366be9281af4f67acb591583016542c7f299e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0e19e732-9e50-47bf-b4ca-c7305daef906", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "hash": "0e1e62866d6fc26efd9866b2eb99740a45f5f20e5befd6db8635cdaa37986b79", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b486960e-107f-4906-b0a0-9fb8105775b3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1d3863fd2a5057c989655fee05ee6d712e833cdf1157c535531836c1dd9af34c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\tBased on the discussion above, it can be concluded that the resistance shown by the people living at Candikuning Village to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden refers to the geopolitical ideology. Therefore, they are in the opinion that the management should give them retribution. \n\tIt is suggested that the people living at Candikuing Village and the management of the Bali Eka Botanical Garden should negotiate based on the multicultural ideology-based understanding to make the relation between the two parties in harmony. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\tThe completion of this study cannot be separated from the support provided by many parties; therefore, in this opportunity, the writer would like to thank the Rector of Udayana University, the Director of the School of Postgraduate Studies, Head of the Doctorate Program of Cultural Studies, Udayana University, the Rector of Mahasaraswati University Denpasar, and the other parties which cannot be mentioned one by one in this limited opportunity. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa dan Anantawikrama Tungga Atmadja. 2008. \u201cIdeologi Tri Hita Karana \u2013 Neolibralisme = Vilanisasi Radius Suci Pura (Perspektif Kajian Budaya)\u201d dalam I Wayan Ardika, dkk (ed.) Dinamika Sosial Masyarakat Bali dalam LIntasan Sejarah. Denpasar: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Udayana.\nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa dan Anantawikrama Tungga Atmadja. 2014. Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan Perspektif Proses dan Produk. Denpasar : Pustaka Larasan.\nLubis, Akhyar Yusuf. 2014. Filsafat Ilmu Klasik hingga Kontemporer. Jakarta : PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta : PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.\nPoerwanto, Hari, 2005. Orang Cina Khek dari Singkawang. Depok : Komunitas Bambu.\nScott, James. C. 1993. Perlawanan Kaum Tani. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.\n\n5", "start_char_idx": 11508, "end_char_idx": 13307, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b486960e-107f-4906-b0a0-9fb8105775b3": {"__data__": {"id_": "b486960e-107f-4906-b0a0-9fb8105775b3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18423", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "hash": "56143634b2a3d540ebb6605fcabd3d8e66a66a719830d502e3f860b61bee5146", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8a5d7cfe-64d6-487a-b57c-f217d1f0e14d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18422", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18422", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18422.docx"}, "hash": "fe8ae8717ad7a36ccedcfab98ead1e6e22e432a7613183f56fdfe18ee6ec85b1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "93624618-ce98-4633-8028-dd2609b7436a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6f6e553be38a06ffb581ecc7d7340b4e426b02cc0dd4bed29414ba0cd0614766", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITION OF BARONG NGELAWANG \nIN TOURISM AREA OF UBUD, GIANYAR, BALI\nI Nyoman Sukerna\n\nAnak Agung Bagus Wirawan\n\nAnak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara\n\nPande Made Sukerta\n\nIndonesia Institute of the Arts Surakarta\n\nemail: nyomansukerna@yahoo.com\nABSTRACT\n\n\nGlobalization carries new values and touches all aspects of life, one of which is  the tradition of barong ngelawang. This present study is intended to discuss the pattern of transformation, ideology and meaning of the tradition of barong ngelawang in the tourism area of Ubud, Gianyar, Bali. The study views the tradition of barong ngelawang as a text of which the context, why and how it is performed should be understood. The theory of social practice, the theory of ideology, and the theory of semiotics were used to analyze the data. \n\nThe descriptive and interpretative method was employed. The result of the study shows that the tradition of barong ngelawang in Ubud was transformed from being a scared performance into a secular performance, and from a secular performance into a sacred performance. The transformation also took place in the space dimension. The ideologies which led to the activity of barong ngelawang  were the religious ideology and solidarity ideology. The secular activity of barong ngelawang was dominated by the ideology of creativity and the economic ideology. From the ideological context, the meanings which could be revealed from the activity of barong ngelawang were the religious meaning and artistic meaning. From the superstructure context, the meanings that could be revealed were the social stratification meaning, the job description meaning, and the educational meaning. From the infrastructure context, the meaning which could be revealed was the economic meaning. \nKeywords: transformation, tradition of barong ngelawang, ideology, and socio-cultural\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\nThe Balinese people are well known for their unique, religious and cultural traditions. One of the traditions which is still performed until now is the barong dance. It is performed around the village (ngelawang) on special days such as the feast days of Galungan and Kuningan to ward off misfortune. The word ngelawang in the expression barong ngelawang is derived from the base word \u2018lawang\u2019, meaning door. The prefix \u2018nge\u2019 means going to. Thus, the expression barong ngelawang means going from door to door, from house to house, and from village to village to perform the barong dance. The barong which is used in this activity is what is referred to as barong sungsungan, meaning the barong which has already been purified through the process of purification (Covarrubias, 1972: 286). In this case, the barong dance is performed without expecting for any fee. Such an activity is locally referred to as ngayah (doing something without expecting for any payment). The barong dance is sincerely performed as a devotion to God. Those who are involved in it voluntarily sacrifice their energy and time for the sake of ngayah which functions as a rite performed with an expectation that people and the environment where they live will be safe and prosperous, and that no danger will happen to them.\n\n\nGlobalization carries new values which are referred to as capitalism, comodification, reproduction, and secularization which touch all aspects of life, meaning that every institution, including the religious institution, cannot avoid capitalism (Hoed, 2011: 127-128). One aspect which is affected is the tradition of barong ngelawang, that is, the barong dance which is performed from place to place by the Balinese people. The change in the tradition of barong ngelawang which is performed in the tourism area of Ubud, Gianyar, Bali is the focus of the present study. In this area the sacred barong dance has been performed every time the feast days of Galungan and Kuningan are celebrated. However, in its development the barong dance has also been performed by the children as an entertainment from which they can generate money. \n\nIt is expected that the result of the present study can enrich the scientific treasury related to ideologies and the struggle for the meaning which is perceived by people of the existence and development of the tradition of barong ngelawang in the tourism area of Ubud, Gianyar, Bali. \nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\nThis present study is a qualitative one.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4405, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "93624618-ce98-4633-8028-dd2609b7436a": {"__data__": {"id_": "93624618-ce98-4633-8028-dd2609b7436a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18423", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "hash": "56143634b2a3d540ebb6605fcabd3d8e66a66a719830d502e3f860b61bee5146", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b486960e-107f-4906-b0a0-9fb8105775b3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "hash": "fde443bdf5f4d1cd69b649b0f77b39ab73f7c79d27161db083c0308f78ccb144", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fd2f4c54-0c52-455d-bcba-de5e1196f0d0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ed5ba21e8593d031a66132e8bbc272f449d35694a977d53eae64a817d19feb8e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This present study is a qualitative one. Three theories such as the theory of social practice, the theory of ideology, and the theory of semiotics were used to analyze the data as the answer to the questions formulated in the present study. The qualitative data, which were obtained from the library and the field, were used. The primary data in the form of documents and audio visual recording were obtained from the library. Apart from that, the secondary data were also used; they were obtained from books, journals, and research reports related to the object of the present study. The field data sources are classified as the primary data sources. In this case, the data were obtained through direct observation and interview in which the interviewees were the informants who were knowledgeable of the activity of barong ngelawang.\n\nThe data were collected through observation, interview and documentary study. The data were classified based on their patterns, categories, themes and subject matters. They were analyzed using the descriptive-qualitative and interpretative techniques. The components which were included in the data analysis included data reduction, data categorization, and synthesis. As a whole, the result of data analysis was focused on to what extent they were relevant to the main problems of the study. In this way, conclusions, which serve as the result and finding of the study, could be drawn.\n\nDISCUSSION\n\nUbud District is one of the seven districts in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. It is made up of 7 villages and one sub district. Administratively, there are 32 traditional villages \u2018desa pekraman\u2019 and 80 traditional banjars\n(a banjar is a neighborhood under a traditional village) (BPS Kabupaten Gianyar, 2013). The accumulation of all the orders of the values applicable in an area or village can contribute to the characteristic of the area. Therefore, culturally, the people living in Ubud have their own cultural life pattern. In Ubud there are five types of barong; they are barong ket, barong macan, barong bangkal, barong landung, and barong kedingkling. They are all sacred barongs which are performed every time the feast days of Galungan and Kuningan are celebrated. They are performed from place to place \u2018ngelawang\u2019. Those living at Padangtegal Traditional Village, Ubud District, refer to the barong which is performed around the village every time when the feast days of Galungan and Kuningan are celebrated as melancaran. It is usually performed every Saturday Kliwon Kuningan. However, those living at Singakerta Traditional Village refer to such an activity as lunga mececingak, and those living at Mawang Traditional Village, Londtunduh, refer to it as memenjor; this is usually performed every Wednesday Kliwon Dungulan. Furthermore, the people living at Petulu Traditional Village refer to it as ngelawang. It is usually performed every Wednesday Kliwon Dungulan and every Saturday Kliwon Kuningan. In Ubud, such a barong dance is also performed in what is locally called sasih kenem (the sixth month of the Balinese calendar). It is also called ngunya and is intended to ward off epidemics. \n\nIn its development, a change has taken place, that is, the barong ngelawang which is performed as a sacred performance from place to place when the feast days of Galungan and Kuningan are celebrated, has also been performed by groups of children. However, the barong they perform is the replica, which is not sacred any longer. It is performed as an entertainment from which they can generate money. Such an activity of ngelawang started from the children\u2019s play instinct. Then it has featured the celebration of the feast days of Galungan and Kuningan in Bali in general and in Ubud in particular. Groups of people carry the barong completed with the gamelan instruments from place to place in the village and even from village to village. It is performed in front of the houses with dwellers. After the performance is finished, the dwellers give them fees as the reward. \n\nThe activity of barong ngelawang in Ubud has been transformed from being sacred into being secular. Every time the feast days of Galungan and Kuningan are celebrated, the barong dance is performed around the village. Now the barong dance has also been performed by the children as an entertainment. In addition, the barong dance has also been transformed from being propane to being sacred.", "start_char_idx": 4365, "end_char_idx": 8781, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fd2f4c54-0c52-455d-bcba-de5e1196f0d0": {"__data__": {"id_": "fd2f4c54-0c52-455d-bcba-de5e1196f0d0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18423", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "hash": "56143634b2a3d540ebb6605fcabd3d8e66a66a719830d502e3f860b61bee5146", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "93624618-ce98-4633-8028-dd2609b7436a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "hash": "97f0560714aba9336ab5a5b714d6e603042a90b8cbc616bd101718d6635a536a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "56470b65-c55f-4d88-8b1b-be4568b7ad15", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2b1e6b2ef1a66d2c3cb06e74d7cdbdc3f1da30f2f226784f48dfffceb0b16e37", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In addition, the barong dance has also been transformed from being propane to being sacred. The activity of barong ngelawang which is performed by groups of people every time the feast days of Galungan and Kuningan are celebrated will possibly change from being propane into being sacred. Apart from being transformed from being propane into being sacred and vice versa, the pattern of transformation cannot be separated from the space dimension. The barong dance used to be performed as a sacred activity from village to village with a much wider scope. However, nowadays it is only performed in one traditional village. Organizational matters have possibly been responsible for this, or it has been possible that each traditional village has one barong. It appears that more and more groups of children have been involved in this activity and that its space dimension has been getting wider. What they intend to offer is amusement from which they expect to earn money. Therefore, they need more space in which they can perform this activity. \n\nThe tradition of barong ngelawang, as part of the cultured life in Ubud represents a system of values and belief which has been strongly implanted. It is expected that such a system of values can give the understanding of the ideological scope why the tradition of barong ngelawang grows and develops in Ubud area. The system of cultural values-based ideology can inspire the idea to develop individual and collective awareness which can cause the forms of life behavior to be constructed in the human mind. Such forms of life behavior can be in the forms of objects and local culture. The tradition of barong ngelawang is implicitly dominated by different ideological backgrounds. If the activity of barong ngelawang is sacred, then the strong ideologies which will dominate it are the religious ideology and the ideology of solidarity. If the activity of barong ngelawang is secular, then the strong ideologies which will dominate it are the ideology of activity and the economic ideology. The rationality of the barong dance which is performed for sacred objectives is the rationality of values, while the rationality of the barong dance which is performed by children is the objective-based rationality. \n\nThe tradition of barong ngelawang which is performed to express the artistic and cultural life implies a meaning of socio-cultural life which is based on the ideology implanted in the system of cultural values of the group of people who own it. The era in which it is performed requires it to change and grow, causing the meaning it contains to shift automatically in order to suit what is motivated by the era. Meaning is closely related to the system of values which is good and meaningful to life. A value is the faith and deep feeling which is owned by the society\u2019s members and frequently determines what they do and how they behave. The value and symbol-related complexity of the socio-cultural life contains the cultural patterns and individual personalities which are dependent on one another in a cultural environment and during a certain period of time. The conception of a value can be explicitly and implicitly revealed and can show the characteristic of an individual or a group of individuals as to what is desired. This affects the process of selection and the final outcome of an activity.\n\nThe transformation which has taken place in the tradition of barong ngelawang in Ubud area is a cultural phenomenon which is viewed as a system of sign which should be defined by the people living in Ubud. The values which can be revealed from the socio-cultural activity actualized in the tradition of barong ngelawang, as far as the ideological context is concerned, are religious and artistic values. From the superstructural context, the activity of barong ngelawang contains the socio-stratification meaning, the job description meaning, and the educational meaning. From the infrastructural context, it contains the economic value.\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\n\nThe tradition of barong ngelawang performed in Ubud was transformed from being sacred into being secular, and from being propane into being sacred. Apart from that, the transformation also took place in the space dimension. The ideologies which led to the activity of barong ngelawang were the religious ideology and the solidarity ideology. The secular barong ngelawang was dominated by the ideology of creativity and the economic ideology. The values which could be revealed in relation to the meaning given to the socio-cultural activity actualized in the tradition of barong ngelawang in Ubud, as far as the ideological context is concerned, are the religious and artistic values. From the superstructural context, it contained the social stratification meaning, the job description meaning, and the educational meaning, and from the infrastructure context, it contained the economic meaning.", "start_char_idx": 8690, "end_char_idx": 13615, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "56470b65-c55f-4d88-8b1b-be4568b7ad15": {"__data__": {"id_": "56470b65-c55f-4d88-8b1b-be4568b7ad15", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18423", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "hash": "56143634b2a3d540ebb6605fcabd3d8e66a66a719830d502e3f860b61bee5146", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fd2f4c54-0c52-455d-bcba-de5e1196f0d0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "hash": "f19a733caaf47823f131e313737be40eb0dc37a593c377de3b9014b5d3c0b2dd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "39635d96-7780-4555-b11d-25290e9632dd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "444517f5b0ad03d0731a3ff8820776a3fa109a1a39ab4dca03d9f61c155b2604", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Considering that the tradition of barong ngelawang is a sacred activity which has been inherited from the ancestors, it is hoped that the Balinese people in general and those living in Ubud in particular should not change and ignore it. It is highly expected that the artistic and cultural values which serve as the people\u2019s self identity should be conserved and developed as an attempt to prevent the impact of the developing globalized culture. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. A.A. Bagus Wirawan, SU as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. A.A. Ngr. Anom Kumbara, MA as co-supervisor I, and Prof. Dr. Pande Made Sukerta, S.Kar., M.Si. as co-supervisor II.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAlthusser, Louis. 2004. Tentang Ideologi: Marxisme Strukturalis, Psikoanalisis, Cultural Studies. (Olsy Vinoli Arnof, Pentj).  Yogyakarta: Jalasura.\n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. (Tim Kunci Cultural Studies Center, Pentj). Yogyakarta: Bentang.\n\nCovarrubias, Miguel. 1972. Island of Bali. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.\n\nGeriya, I Wayan. 2008. Transformasi Kebudayaan Bali Memasuki Abad XXI.  Surabaya: Paramita.\n\nHoed, Benny H. 2011. Semiotik & Dinamika Sosial  Budaya. Edisi Kedua. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.\n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2012. Semiotika dan Hipersemiotika: Kode, Gaya & Matinya Makna.  Bandung: Matahari.\n\n3", "start_char_idx": 13619, "end_char_idx": 14982, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "39635d96-7780-4555-b11d-25290e9632dd": {"__data__": {"id_": "39635d96-7780-4555-b11d-25290e9632dd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18425", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18425", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18425.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18425", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18425", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18425", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18425.docx"}, "hash": "59d7104d90d53734aa3ea6194613981ddd88940b7d1a7f84a40300a3736a4ef6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "56470b65-c55f-4d88-8b1b-be4568b7ad15", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18423", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18423.doc"}, "hash": "7e41e0acc0b959a7f020259a8ecbadb68b46006f5c3012fd21b6dbbd9c9bc594", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e24f2e81-aa90-4cd0-8595-a048f5b893cb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b6aaea0fa0765cd2efd62ace6c144b4f13a829a23a9329890a28b2f28599f611", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGY OF THE TRADITION OF MAKOTEK \nIN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION\n\nGede Yoga Kharisma Pradana\n I Nyoman Suarka\nAA Bagus Wirawan \nI Nyoman Dhana\nHindu University of Indonesia, Denpasar, Bali\nemail: gedeyoga@yahoo.com  \n\n\nABSTRACT\n\tMakotek is a cultural tradition which is performed as a ritual to ward off misfortune by the people living at Munggu Village, Badung Regency. It is performed once in six months, namely, every Kuningan Feast Day.  It has been inherited from generation to generation as an oral tradition. In the era of globalization, many parties and cultural components are involved in its performance.  It is still performed until now. However, the people living at Munggu Village do not close themselves to modernity. The data were collected through observation, interview, library research and documentary techniques. The informants were determined using the purposive and snowball technique. All the data were analyzed in order to draw conclusions.\n\tThe result of the study shows that the religious ideology which has inspired the people living at Munggu Traditional Village to perform the tradition of Makotek. Ideologically, they believe that by performing the tradition of Makotek, they can protect their resources and the human unity in the middle of the social dynamics in the era of globalization. It is performed in stages, in accordance with the tradition they have adhered to since a long time ago. The performance of the tradition of Makotek at Munggu Village has been able to strengthen their belief in the existence of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi, Almighty God. In addition, such a religious practice is the supernatural source of happiness and health as it is believed to be able ward off misfortune. \n\nKeywords: religious ideology, performance of tradition of makotek, globalization era.\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\tMakotek is an oral tradition which is performed as a ritual to ward off misfortune by the people living at Mungu Traditional Village, Badung Regency. It is performed once in six months, that is, every Kuningan Feast Day. It has been performed until now, although, if their houses, public buildings, and ownership of land, hand phones, and vehicles, and the street leading to the village which is covered with asphalt and their daily life style are observed, they can be classified as modern and developed people. \n\tMunggu Village is located close to the Governmental Center of Badung Regency, and Tanah Lot tourist destination, which have directly affected the local people\u2019s way of thinking and life. However, as a phenomenon, the tradition of Makotek, which is performed as a ritual by the society which can be classified as a developed one, in the era of globalization is interesting to explore. Although the local people can be stated to be developed, they still perform the tradition which is identical with irrationality, cultural underdevelopment, and orthodoxy. \n\tIdeologically, the developed society in the era of globalization tends to adhere to the globalized culture, have capitalistic ideology, profit-oriented, and to hate irrational way of thinking. They tend to be busy working hard to solve their problems and to increase their income in order to be able to make both ends meet. In fact, in the middle of globalization which is identical with liberalism and capitalistic economy, the people living at Munggu Village still perform the tradition of Makotek.   Such a tradition does not benefit them financially; in addition, they have to spend their money on the things needed for its performance; they leave their jobs so that they can be involved in it. The aspect of religiosity is the answer. \n\tThis article entitled \u201cthe Religious Ideology of the Tradition of Makotek in the Era of Globalization\u201d is intended to identify how the religious hegemony dominates the life of the people at Munggu Traditional Village; they voluntarily perform the tradition of Makotek although they can be classified as modern people. It is expected that the result of the study can be used as a reference; the people\u2019s knowledge of the religious ideology which has caused such an oral tradition to be able to be conserved in Bali in the era of globalization. \n\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\tThe research method which was used to explore the tradition of Makotek performed at Munggu Village in the era of globalization was the qualitative research method. The article which was written based on the result of scientific study was designed to be the study in oral tradition which is critically discussed from the perspective of cultural studies.", "start_char_idx": 50, "end_char_idx": 4616, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e24f2e81-aa90-4cd0-8595-a048f5b893cb": {"__data__": {"id_": "e24f2e81-aa90-4cd0-8595-a048f5b893cb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18425", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18425", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18425.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18425", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18425", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18425", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18425.docx"}, "hash": "59d7104d90d53734aa3ea6194613981ddd88940b7d1a7f84a40300a3736a4ef6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "39635d96-7780-4555-b11d-25290e9632dd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18425", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18425", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18425.docx"}, "hash": "f229812836d34f3e42af627c60e490d2c8f797ed46b784794aac9e4667760254", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9819f84a-886d-4278-adfd-53a328b2014d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "343caf4622e920a8cb17903a310a3e0dad268699a0026d9f88064ecdbad19d33", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The data were collected through observation, interview, library research and documentation techniques. The informants were determined using the purposive sampling and snowball technique. \n\nDISCUSSION\n\tAn ideology socially tightens and stabilizes the collective life of society (Sumantri, 2001: 264), meaning that an ideology is the way of life which is constructed from the tradition, history, and social relation across regions. It is constructed from reciprocal relation. Socially, it legitimates the dominant political strength, identity, belief, orientation of action, and distorts the systematic communication in the ideological domain of its society. The ideological view is identical with the collective view of its society. Similarly, the people living at Munggu Village regard the ritual of Makotek as an important ritual which is intended to protect the local people in the era of globalization. \n\tIdeologically, the tradition of Makotek is a spiritual practice which is mobilized by the collective belief of the people living at Munggu Traditional Village. Through a series of ceremonies involving the relation of power, they reorganize their social structure for the sake of their collective interest in the era of globalization.  The process of such a construction positively affects the harmonious collective positive image of the local people and the social control. Hardiman (2003: 247\u2014255) states that any religious activity can contribute to being respectful to others and discipline in making the human life in harmony, meaning that the harmonious construction which is created through the religious practice of Makotek indirectly legitimates the dominant political strength, identity, belief, orientation of action, and distortion of the systematic communication among the people living at Munggu Traditional Village. \n\tThe people living at Munggu Traditional Village position Sasuhunan Temple and Kahyangan Tiga Temples as the state of power, and the center of religious strength. The environment as the space where the local people live is believed to have magical power which can free them from every kind of disease. Therefore, it is believed that through the tradition of Makotek they can keep their relation to their environment in harmony. \n\tIt is believed that the nature has the power of giving life and creating disasters. It is believed that both life and disasters cannot be separated from the nature\u2019s law, which regulates the cycle of the universe. It is believed that every cycle of the nature is determined by the supernatural power of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi, Almighty God.  Sometimes, the nature\u2019s energy has the effect of the supernatural power which can benefit human beings. The miracle of the nature\u2019s energy makes human beings astonished. Similarly, the Hindus living at Munggu Village worship God through the symbols which are believed to be able to ward off misfortune. Therefore, they still perform the tradition of Makotek . Such a religious practice is still peacefully performed due to the hegemony of the religious ideology which has been strongly implanted by their ancestors. \n\tThe tradition of Makotek performed at Munggu Village has made the local people have more understanding of the existence of Ida Hyang Widhi, Almighty God. Furthermore, it is believed that such a religious practice is the source of happiness and supernatural power of God which enables them to ward off misfortune. Dawkins (in Wijayanto, 2012: 10) state that God has extraordinary power which cannot be separated from the essence of life. Daulay (2011: 35) states that the essence of life needs religious adherence, meaning that the supernatural power can be achieved through full and total religious comprehension. Similarly, the tradition of Makotek, which is performed every year, is believed to be able to give happiness and spiritual comfort to the local people. \n\tThe implementation of the religious value of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi, Almighty God, and His manifestations can be explicitly and implicitly observed from the whole process of the performance of the tradition of Makotek.  Ideologically, the ritual performed by the people living at Munggu Traditional Village plays a role in intensifying and strengthening the human dependence on Ida Sang  Hyang Widhi and His manifestations as the center of religiosity.  In this context, everybody living at Munggu Traditional Village can maintain the solidarity of their brotherhood through the performance of the tradition of Makotek. \n\tKoentharaningrat (1993) states that a ritual is an expression of religious faith. Faith is needed to solve the matters pertaining to death, injustice, and suffering (Wijayanto, 2012: 10).", "start_char_idx": 4617, "end_char_idx": 9319, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9819f84a-886d-4278-adfd-53a328b2014d": {"__data__": {"id_": "9819f84a-886d-4278-adfd-53a328b2014d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18425", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18425", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18425.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18425", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18425", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18425", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18425.docx"}, "hash": "59d7104d90d53734aa3ea6194613981ddd88940b7d1a7f84a40300a3736a4ef6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e24f2e81-aa90-4cd0-8595-a048f5b893cb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18425", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18425", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18425.docx"}, "hash": "0158b73bcac46081a2fe2a15c54e43212128e76aa524583e0402ddb22e0fefe7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2ca59e9b-66e6-4f16-9b61-4ed50d96bfeb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c07cdb000b04a9974b008ac853af34375e297f8148c36b81d0a76d856b12e9a5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Therefore, the tradition of Makotek which is performed as a form of the expression of faith by the Hindus living at Munggu Village seems to have been their spiritual need. Such a need seems to be central in the society\u2019s complex life in the current era of globalization. Although the local people are busy with their livelihood, they still need to perform the tradition of Makotek to save their lives and to improve the quality of their lives in the era of globalization. \n\tIt is performed to purify the village from all types of profanity which are assumed to have bad values for the local people\u2019s lives. The fact that the tradition of Makotek is still performed in the era of globalization is based on the sameness in the religious ideology. It is one of the attempts which is made to empower the natural resources which the village, as a religious one, has. The religious ideology on which the tradition of Makotek is based is a spiritual contact made by the local people with the environment where they live. The empowerment of the local people\u2019s resources manifests in the form of their desire to perform the tradition of Makotek more spontaneously, neatly, creatively and lively. They desire to show the change in their spirit to comprehend the God\u2019s supernatural power as the controller of the universe. \n\tReligiously, the local people\u2019s faith in what is referred to as anima is the main factor which has contributed to the performance of the tradition of Makotek until now. The local people\u2019s religious ideology is so strong that the tradition of Makotek is still happily performed until now. They seem to disagree with the stigmatic construction that the cultural religious tradition is old, antique, and not profitable. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\tThe people living at Munggu Traditional Village still perform the tradition of Makotek until the current era of globalization due to the religious ideology they have. Ideologically, the local people believe that by performing the tradition of Makotek they can protect their resources and human unity in the globalized social dynamics. \n\tIt is suggested that the performance of such a tradition should be formally, informally and academically continued. It is also suggested that the local people\u2019s elements of the ritual tradition should be more critically developed within the current context in the framework of revitalizing culture as an attempt to empower the society\u2019s resources and to avoid people from being marginalized. \n\n\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\tIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Suarka, M.Hum., as the supervisor, and Prof. Dr. Anak Agung Bagus Wirawan, S.U., as co-supervisor I, and Dr. Drs. I Nyoman Dhana, M.A., as co-supervisor II for their input and suggestions for the completion of this article. Thanks are also expressed to the Oral Tradition Association \u2018Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan (ATL)\u2019 for the scholarship provided to the writer to join the doctorate program in Cultural Studies, Udayana University. A word of appreciation should also go to the informants, whose names cannot be mentioned one by one for the completion of this article as expected. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nDaulay, Asrul (ed.). 2011. Pendidikan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Medan: USU Press.\nHardiman, Budi F. 2003. Kritik Ideologi: Menyingkap Pertautan dan Kepentingan Bersama Jurgen Habermas. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \nKoentjaraningrat.1993. Ritus  Peralihan  di Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.\nSumantri, Zaimar. 2001. \u201cIdeologi dalam Pariwara\u201d dalam Ida Sundari Husen dan Rahayu Hidayat (penyunting), Merentas Ranah, Bahasa, Semiotika  dan  Budaya. Yogyakarta: Bentang. \nWijayanto, Eko. 2012. Genealogi  Kebudayaan. Jakarta: Salemba  Humatika.\n5", "start_char_idx": 9320, "end_char_idx": 13034, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2ca59e9b-66e6-4f16-9b61-4ed50d96bfeb": {"__data__": {"id_": "2ca59e9b-66e6-4f16-9b61-4ed50d96bfeb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18426", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "hash": "455a142bcadd098df69a6e6bc6a313e83954643c6145bd0057f92d52ad53ba3a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9819f84a-886d-4278-adfd-53a328b2014d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18425", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-18425", "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18425.docx"}, "hash": "552afa590336b23e0e538190bf33ef15d25967adb7acf49d9ef405c568f7c16a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "54d16090-63fd-4823-94d8-2ce33d8f67b6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "93cd60f7869b490bedfd377114119074a03ddff5a24094d51a66c30dd3d34f16", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "DAYAK LAWANGAN BALIAN BAWO\nIN CENTRAL DUSUN, EAST BARITO, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN\n\nErvanta Restulita Liber Sigai\nAnak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara\n\nI Wayan Cika\n\nI Gusti Ketut Gde Arsana\nState Institute of Hindu Tampung Penyang, Palangkaraya\n\nemail: restulita@gmail.com\nABSTRACT\n\nGlobalization with all its implications has affected the life of Dayak Lawangan living in Central Dusun. Modernization has caused balian bawo to be getting scarce. The number of the speakers of balian bawo is decreasing, and it seems that no young generation is interested in it, although its existence still functions in various aspects of the Dayak Lawangan community\u2019s life. In addition, the young generation is less interested in becoming balian bawo. This will affect the process of the regeneration of balian bawo.\n\nThe result of the present study shows that the practice of balian waho is obtained through the myth and process of becoming balian bawo. This causes balian bawo to be the central position in the practice of balian bawo ritual. Balian waho plays an important role in the healing and purifying processes. It functions to prevent both manifest and latent misfortunes. It is the socio-cultural supporting life regulation for Dayak Lawangan. It is made up of religiosity, culture conservation, social life, and aesthetics. The formal education, the discontinuity of the internationalization process in families, the low income earned by those who work as balian bawo, their risky responsibility, the spiritual and physical abilities they need, and their religious and psychological ideologies have caused those who are interested in becoming balian bawo to decrease. The impacts are that the dimensions of time and magic formula as part of the ritual practice will change. In addition, the ideological struggle for the ritual practice of balian bawo, and the change in the population of balian waho will also result from the scarcity of the population of balian waho. As well, the social and solidarity ties will be getting weaker and the funds needed for the ritual will be high enough.\nKeywords: balian bawo, Dayak Lawangan ethnic group, and balian bawo ritual.\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nAccording to Giddens (2003: 67), globalization carries the principle of modern culture which is responsible for the social problems in the human life. This threats the local culture; even it will damage the local culture and cause it to become extinct (Strey in Alkausar, 2011: 54).\n\nAt the moment less and less young people who are interested in becoming the speakers of balian bawo. Based on the information which was obtained through an interview, from 1980 to 1990 there were twelve balian bawos; from 1991 to 2008 there were eight balian bawos; from 2009 to 2010 there were five and from 2011 to now there are five, two of whom are old and physically weak; the other three are still healthy. \n\n\nMalinowski (1939: 938) stated that every cultural element was functional to life, and that if it was not functional, such a culture would become extinct. However, the fact shows that the reality of balian waho in Central Dusun is slightly different. The number of people who are interested in becoming balian waho is decreasing, although it still functions in every aspect of life in the Dayak Lawangan community. On the other hand, as far as the young people of the Dayak Lawangan community in Central Dusun are concerned, they are permissive to what has been inherited from their ancestors; even they are less interested in becoming balian bawo. \n\nThe oral tradition, as the point of departure in this present study, is an attempt made to revitalize, develop, and make use of it. Balian waho, as a form of culture, needs to be avoided from becoming extinct for the sake of the sustainability of the tradition of the Dayak Lawangan ethnical community. \n\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\n\nThis present study is a qualitative study with the paradigm of cultural studies. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documentary study. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing (Huberman and Miles, 2009: 592).\n\nDISCUSSION", "start_char_idx": 46, "end_char_idx": 4180, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "54d16090-63fd-4823-94d8-2ce33d8f67b6": {"__data__": {"id_": "54d16090-63fd-4823-94d8-2ce33d8f67b6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18426", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "hash": "455a142bcadd098df69a6e6bc6a313e83954643c6145bd0057f92d52ad53ba3a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2ca59e9b-66e6-4f16-9b61-4ed50d96bfeb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "hash": "0768345b41b4e0fc4153688f85f023f1b38d1f9d89e8048e716b63d3d1cc653c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "652002a9-42b4-4417-9a02-047dd9e71689", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ba95d6d5ff6ea6441c12dfab90208cf28e548e1c80e2f1c1691ec9f3ee382c79", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The practice of balian bawo is a whole institution of the Dayak Lawangan community. It contains religious value, cultural value, and social value which are used by those who support it, and guidance to taking actions, behaving and strengthening their self identity. The practice of balian waho is performed when the Dayak Lawangan community will undergo a life crisis. \n\nAs legitimacy, the practice of balian bawo is based on the myths of Kilip and Nalau. The learning process of becoming balian bawo includes what are referred to as ngawit nginte, sampan mayang, and jong banawa. The learning process needs from five to 10 years. Learning from the balian tuha is the learning method.  The knowledge of practice is also stated in the physical symbols. The physical characteristics constitute the symbols which clarify the meaning of \u201ckewahyuan\u201d (the extraordinary strength and talented ability). Such physical symbols can be found on the chest, hands, feet, and mouth. A degree is provided to a balian bawo which strengthens his ability as the mediator between the microcosmos and macrocosmos. \n\nThe practice of balian baho keeps the Dayak Lawangan community\u2019s life and the universe and Jo\u2019us Tuha Allah Tala balanced. He has the authority to connect the macrocosmos and microcosmos. The rituals which are performed by the healing balian waho are balian palas bidan, balian ngasih ngado pengantin, balian nyapu ipar, balian ngansak, and balian mantan low.\n\nThe balian bawo is the central agent in the ritual practice performed by the Dayak Lawangan community. Therefore, he inspires the Dayak Lawangan community to be faithful to and believe in the meaning he produces. Such symbolic strength is not attained as he likes; instead, it is formed from the authority he has which is attained through the personal capacity. It is this which is referred to as the symbolic capital. The symbolic power as the \u201cmagical strength\u201d is used to make the Dayak Lawangan community to be faithful through the mobilization of how things are symbolized (Fashri, 2014: 122-123). \n\nIn practice, balian bawo plays a very important and dominant role in the Dayak Lawangan community especially in the healing and purification aspects; he functions to ward off the manifest misfortune, and avoid the latent misfortune. From the socio-cultural aspect, he also functions to maintain religiosity, conserve the socio-culture and aesthetics. \n\nThe Dayak Lawangan community is dependent on balian bawo in regard to the performance of their binding obligations in the system of the life cycle of the Dayak Lawangan ethnic people. Furthermore, Rigoli stated that \u201cpower is an actor\u2019s ability to induce or influence actor to carry out his directives or any other norms that he supports\u201d (1974: 158).", "start_char_idx": 4183, "end_char_idx": 6949, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "652002a9-42b4-4417-9a02-047dd9e71689": {"__data__": {"id_": "652002a9-42b4-4417-9a02-047dd9e71689", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18426", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "hash": "455a142bcadd098df69a6e6bc6a313e83954643c6145bd0057f92d52ad53ba3a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "54d16090-63fd-4823-94d8-2ce33d8f67b6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "hash": "99dfe85679f83ceead013fd55815306da239e60f784061ba00c2da324adccee8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8cd58087-86e5-4c07-b902-d2815241d98e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "04fd7a82e8bf68dbdc13ff6085dd200e494761cef2e9620fe3687e288d2c18b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The balian bawo ritual is a cultural product which was constructed in the past. Such a construction was derived from individual positions which had the power over the knowledge of balian waho. However, the change in era affects the continuity of a tradition. The practice of balian bawo ritual will still exist if it is supported by the cultural transmission and the people who support it. Balian bawo is absolutely needed to be inherited as a repetition, reproduction, or the continuity of the past to the present (Pudentia 1998). The scarcity of balian baho has affected the dimensions of the ideological superstructure, the social structure, and the material infrastructure. In addition, it has also affected the dimension of time, magic formula as well as the population of balian bawo. Many agree and the others disagree with the practice of balian bawo; the globalized ideology is accepted, the social and solidarity ties are becoming weaker, and the ritual is getting more costly. \n\nThe regeneration process is a dialectical process among balian bawo, the young generation, and the Dayak Lawangan community. It is recognized that the impact of the globalization current is strong in a high tension. There is no effective communication between the young generation and the old generation, causing the traditional ties to be getting weaker and the socio culture to be uncontrolled. The formal education give the knowledge of intellectuality and rationality, causing the young people not to recognize that they are the heirs of the tradition. In addition, there has been a discontinuity of the internationalization process in families. The material and consumptive world has affected the young people; balian bawo has not been an interesting profession any longer as it does not promise anything for a better life; the income earned is low; working as a balian bawo means having a lot of responsibilities; he should have a high commitment; he should be ready to receive the traditional sanction possibly imposed on him; he may not do what he likes; he is required to have both spiritual and physical ability; religious and psychological conversions, as a minority,  cannot be avoided in the religious pluralism. They are the factors which have been responsible for the scarcity of balian bawo.\n\nThe practice of balian bawo contains the hidden resistance (hidden transcript) to globalization and the change in era. It reflects the traditional resistance to the power of globalization. The theological ideology is the encounter of balian bawo to resist globalization. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION", "start_char_idx": 6953, "end_char_idx": 9549, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8cd58087-86e5-4c07-b902-d2815241d98e": {"__data__": {"id_": "8cd58087-86e5-4c07-b902-d2815241d98e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-18426", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "hash": "455a142bcadd098df69a6e6bc6a313e83954643c6145bd0057f92d52ad53ba3a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "652002a9-42b4-4417-9a02-047dd9e71689", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "hash": "2c3bfabf2e8f6bf698045c64298f01c1277c8a68f73caa93d19532a068cbdfe0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "abf31f04-44d3-45bd-a215-8aeafa2d1633", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9660e3587a6c70704c930140f1ff1162bb25e962f851648c9687369f85dd34e0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It can be concluded that the ritual practice of balian bawo is the guidance which is oriented towards the Dayak Lawangan community\u2019s life. It has been inherited from generation to generation and has been a cultural reconstruction of the faith which the Dayak Lawangan people adhere to. The practice of balian bawo has taken place through the mythological process, causing it to have the central position. In practice, the generative power of balian baho is highly important and dominant to the Dayak Lawangan community in the healing and purification (memelas) aspects, functioning to ward off both manifest and latent misfortunes. Such roles give legitimacy, authority, and power of knowledge over the Dayak Lawangan community. The implication that the population of balian bawo is getting scarce cannot be avoided by the Dayak Lawangan community. Such an implication has touched the ideological superstructure dimension, the social structure, and the material infrastructure, meaning that such an implication has also changed the dimensions of time and magic formula, the population of balian bawo, the ideological struggle for the ritual practice of balian bawo; the social and solidarity ties are getting weaker, and the ritual is getting more costly. \n\nIt is suggested that (1) the traditional leaders, the community leaders, the balian bawo, and the intellectuals that they should sit together to formulate the inheriting strategies which will be implemented to conserve balian bawo, (2) the local government should actively make attempts to conserve and support balian bawo through regional regulations, (3) the Dayak Lawangan community should conserve and transmit the tradition of balian bawo intensively in families, (4) the academicians should further conduct comprehensive research.\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. AA Ngurah Anom Kumbara, M.A. as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Cika, M.S. as co-supervisor I, and Dr. I Gusti Ketut Gde Arsana, M.Si. as co-supervisor II for their supervisions, directions, and suggestions during the completion of this study. Thanks are also expressed to the e-journal of cultural studies, Doctorate Program of Cultural Studies of Udayana University for the space and opportunity prepared to publish this article. A word of appreciation should also go to all the parties for the assistance provided to the writer during the completion of the study. \nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nAlkausar, Muhamad. 2011. \u201cKeterancaman Ritual Mappandesasi dalam Masyarakat Nelayan Etnik Mandar Kelurahan Bungkutoko Sulawesi Tenggara\u201d (tesis). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana. \n\nFashri, Fausi. 2014. Pierre Bourdieu: Menyingkap Kuasa Simbol. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.\n\nGiddens, Antony. 2003. Masyarakat Post Tradisonal (terjemahan). Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD.\n\nHubermen, A. Michael., Mattew B. Miles. 2009. \u201cManajemen Data dan Metode Analisis\u201d.  Dalam: Denzin, Norman K., & Lincoln, Yvonna S., (ed). Handbook of Qualitative Research (Dariyatno, dkk, Pentj). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, hal. 591-612.\n\nMalinowski, Bronislaw. 1939. \u201cThe Group and The Individual in Functional Analysis\u201d, in  American Journal of Sociology, vol. 44. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, p.p. 938-964.\n\nPudentia-MPSS., (ed). 1998. Metodologi Kajian Tradisi Lisan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia dan Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan.\n\nRigoli, Robert Michael. 1974. \u201cThe Conception of Power: Reconsidered\u201d, Kansas Journal of Sociology, Volume 10, No. 2. p. 157-169.\n5", "start_char_idx": 9552, "end_char_idx": 13036, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "abf31f04-44d3-45bd-a215-8aeafa2d1633": {"__data__": {"id_": "abf31f04-44d3-45bd-a215-8aeafa2d1633", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25268", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "hash": "8687a36c08ad281adc024dd449758ab086d6efedc06c73f3a0add4a92e8073eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8cd58087-86e5-4c07-b902-d2815241d98e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-18426", "author": "User", "title": null, "date": "2016-01-26", "file": "ecs-18426.doc"}, "hash": "f4029af70bc4355fee3e797bf05767a2dcedcc70fa1f8a2be324f4275f6fca28", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c01f3bd9-06aa-4a64-9f38-001d8834a413", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bd1d60f6b26884ecd32709ef398695be7fdaff177bfe9cff8db7040f385d007e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "POLITICS OF POWER IN MARGINALIZATION OF SASAK GANDRUNG PERFORMING ART IN LOMBOK\nIda Ayu Trisnawati\nI Nyoman Suarka\nI Gde Parimartha\nI Gede Arya Sugiartha\nStudy Program of Dancing Art\nIndonesia Institute of the Arts Denpasar\ne-mail: dayutrisna@gmail.com\n\nABSTRACT\n\tA change is occurring to the Sasak gandrung  performing art performed at Dasan Tereng Village, Narmada District, West Lombok District, West Nuasa Tenggara. The development of the understanding of Islam among the Sasak ethnic people has widely affected the development of such a performing art. The marginalization of the Sasak gandrung performing art cannot be separated from the limited protection given by the government, the strengthening of the religious fundamentalism, and the decrease in the supporting community\u2019s self-confidence.  This present study is intended to identify one of the three phenomena of the marginalization of the gandrung Sasak performing art, especially the strengthening of the religious fundamentalism of the waktu lima Islam. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documents which are related to the gandrung Sasak. The data were analyzed qualitatively using the Theory of Social Practice proposed by Pierre Bourdieu.\n\tThe results of the study show that the strengthening of the religious fundamentalism of waktu lima Islam caused the wetu telu Muslims to convert into waktu lima Muslims. The consequence is that the gandrung Sasak performing art, inherited from generation to generation, has gradually become marginalized. It has not been included in the list of the performing art in West Lombok Regency. The strengthening of the religious fundalism cannot be separated from the wetu telu Islamic teaching which is not in accordance with the waktu lima Islamic teaching, which is based on Al-Quran and Hadist.  Such a gandrung performing art is believed to be not in accordance with Al-Quran and Hadist which are believed by the waktu lima Muslims.\nKeywords: politics of power, marginalization, performing art, gandrung Sasak\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\tGandrung performing art is the name of an Indonesian traditional performing art which is performed in a number of regions such as Banyuwati (East Java), Bali, Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara). The uniqueness of the gandrung performing art performed in Banyuwangi is different from that of the one performed in the other area. Historically, it was a performing art which was performed as part of the ritual of change. The era development, the change in the way of thinking, and the pressure from many parties especially the waktu lima Muslims has caused it to be marginalized, as it is a wetu telu Islamic performing art. \n\tThe gandrung sasak performing art has currently been performed not for traditional purposes; it has also been performed as part of the popular music. Such a situation can be stated as a shift from being sacred into being propane. \n\tAs the essence of the arts, as part of the culture, such a performing art always changes, following the human development. The arts and society affect each other; this has caused the people\u2019s way of thinking and various phenomena, including the performing art, to develop. Kdoiran (1998: 541) stated that the arts change following the people\u2019s way of thinking. \n\tIt is highly interesting to explore such a phenomenon from the perspective of critical cultural studies. The social reality in the wetu telu Islamic community, as the supporting community of the Sasak gandrung performing art, contrasts with the vision and mission of the government of West Nusa Tenggara Barat, which has committed to developing the society into the one which is civilized, has good characters and cultured, and appreciates plurality and equality in gender (Martono, 2011: 4). However, the fact shows that the existence of the Sasak gandrung performing art, which has been the cultural heritage of the wetu telu Islamic tradition, has been marginalized; moreover, it has been excluded from the list of the arts in West Lombok Regency since 1992. \n\tThe less protection from the government, the strengthening of the religious fundamentalism and the fall in the supporting community\u2019s self-confidence have been responsible for such a marginalization. The focus of the present study is the strengthening of the religious fundamentalism in the Sasak society which has caused the Sasak gandrung performing art to be marginalized.", "start_char_idx": 50, "end_char_idx": 4461, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c01f3bd9-06aa-4a64-9f38-001d8834a413": {"__data__": {"id_": "c01f3bd9-06aa-4a64-9f38-001d8834a413", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25268", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "hash": "8687a36c08ad281adc024dd449758ab086d6efedc06c73f3a0add4a92e8073eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "abf31f04-44d3-45bd-a215-8aeafa2d1633", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "hash": "1e7ee14a715947095e04b07d4c0cd1cebb5194997cfa9d8dccebf4143d12e5de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "20519818-22bb-42c8-aa03-a719371b4561", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0b17dc4744b6035c97b957c4d3b0789fc08ea09f602928a3f94ac8e729b35dae", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD\n\tThis present study is a qualitative one which is within the area of the cultural studies. The data were collected through direct observation.  The interviewees were the artists, the observers of the arts, and the experts in the arts. In this case, the artists were the ones who were involved in the Sasak gandrung performing art, including the male dancers, and the wetu telu Islamic traditional artists who have developed and supported the dance. The common people who are familiar with the dance were also interviewed. In this way, the dance can be more compressively understood.  The data were also collected through the documentary method, and were analyzed qualitatively.\n\nDISCUSSION\n\tIt is predicted that the Sasak gandrung  performing art has been performed since between 1907 and 1910. In 1920s, it was a popular performing art among the performing arts which were performed in Lombok.  What is initially known by the Lombok society in general and the wetu telu Islamic community in particular is that the gandrung performing art was performed by a male dancer who dressed as a female. The dance was accompanied by a set of gamelan instruments called Cungklik (the Sasak people refer to it as sabarungan), and two Sasak songs known as lelakaq and sandaran (Larasati, 1996: 16). It used to be alternately performed by a male dancer and a female one. However, in 1930s, it was more frequently performed by a female dancer. Since then the dance has spread to every part of Lombok Island. \n\tThe Sasak gandrung performing art is a Sasak wetu telu Islamic tradition. Historically, the wetu telu Islamic community is an acculturation of the Hindu culture and Islamic culture. Hinduism, which was initially introduced to Lombok, gave the ideological foundation which was strong enough. It is this which featured the existence of the gandrung performing art, which was then stated to be identical with the wetu telu Islamic culture. \n\tHistorically, the Lombok inhabitants, before becoming Muslims, had believed in animism-dynamism before Hinduism was introduced to them. Islam was firstly introduced through the Javanese \u2018wali\u2019 (the leaders who spread Islam). In the beginning, they did not have the opportunity to complete what they should have taught; as a result, the local people were trapped in the transitional period. The leaners whom they left behind were not brave enough to change what they practiced in the transitional era into the complete Islamic practices. That is one of the factors which has been contributed to the existence of the wetu telu Islamic community in the modern era. In accordance with some people, the wetu telu Islamic community is assumed to be the combination of the bargaining processes between two types of values, namely, the local traditional values and universal Islamic values. \n\tThe existence of the wetu telu Islamic community and the existence of the gandrung performing art were viewed not to threaten the local traditional values inherited by their ancestors which also have spiritual elements and are assumed to be the strong impact of Hinduism and Buddhism as the religious teachings which had been introduced before Islam was introduced to Lombok. The local values which the wetu telu Islamic community adheres to have caused the local people not to be brave enough to deconstruct what they had learned before into the waktu lima Islamic teaching.  Derrida (1992: 24) stated that such a decision should be made through what is called apria from the undecidable thing (something which cannot be decided).\n\tIn reality, the wetu telu Islam which the Sasak community adhered to at that time contrasted with what is taught in Al-Qur\u2019an and Hadist.  The traditional practice performed by the wetu telu Islamic community contrasts with what is performed by the waktu lima Islamic community. The wetu telu Islamic community is aware that a number of traditional practices such as respecting and worshipping the souls of their ancestors clearly contrast with the waktu lima Islamic law.  In accordance with what is stated by Budiwati (2000: 7-8), the local tradition, on which the wetu telu Islamic followers give emphasis, plays a highly dominant role among them. They still maintain the wete telu Islamic teaching as part of their religious tradition which cannot be deleted. The local traditional value more dominates them than the Islamic teaching that they adhere to. They tried to find a solution through acculturation; however, such a phenomenon is prohibited within the Islamic context.", "start_char_idx": 4464, "end_char_idx": 9013, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "20519818-22bb-42c8-aa03-a719371b4561": {"__data__": {"id_": "20519818-22bb-42c8-aa03-a719371b4561", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25268", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "hash": "8687a36c08ad281adc024dd449758ab086d6efedc06c73f3a0add4a92e8073eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c01f3bd9-06aa-4a64-9f38-001d8834a413", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "hash": "9d60a036ad3114d51af1a083ce631775336af09852ad38a728c9e26525b20022", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ec7183e7-64b9-4123-b319-b1230d385c20", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a17477f1617777f7216b8d4ad7c7a74678674f3a6426250d48d259acebb442fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "What is believed by the wetu telu Islamic community is that places, books, human beings, specific objects, rites of change such as birth, marriage, moving from one house to another or death are sacred. In addition, according to them, the rice planting cycle is also sacred. Such rites of change are performed by holding the gandrung performing art as the wetu telu Islamic tradition.  Without holding the gandrung performing art, such rites of change are incomplete. The wetu telu Islam has been purified so that religious misunderstanding can be avoided. The wetu telu Muslims still like gambling, getting drunk, and scarcely perform ritual prayers \u2018shalat\u2019. In addition, there is still an impression that the gandrung dancer may be ordered to sleep with \u2018beterus\u2019. In accordance with Bourdieu (1990: 131), habitus includes every type of cultural activity such as production, perception, and evaluation of the practices of daily life. \n\tThe waktu lima Muslims strongly adhere to the Islamic teachings which refer to Al-Quran and Hadist. They are more committed to the Islamic syari\u2019ah than the wetu telu Islamic community. The former\u2019s fidelity to the five pillars of Islam \u2018lima Rukun Islam\u2019 is so strong. The latter are the Sasak people; they admit that they are Muslims but they also worship the souls of their ancestors, many gods, and perform the gandrung dance. \n\tThe religious fundamentalism has been getting stronger since the current governor was appointed the governor; he is a waktu lima Muslim and his wife is from Middle East who strongly adheres to the waktu lima Islam.  The waktu lima Islamic community is getting stronger and the wetu telu one is getting marginalized. They are marginalized from their faith and native arts, especially the gandrung dance. \n\tThe religious fundamentalism in every part of Lombok has been made to be stronger; therefore, it is not surprising to see that there is a small traditional group of people who relate the concept of wetu telu Islam to the Hindu-Buddha tradition in their customs and traditions. The elders in particular still maintain their old faith. The wetu telu followers do not recognize that what they believe in is equal to Hinduism and Buddhism. However, those who have been modernly educated through \u2018pondok pesantren\u2019 (traditional Islamic school) have caused the influence of the wetu telu to be getting weaker. \n\tAs the era and the way of thinking develop and the religious fundamentalism is getting stronger, the traditional performing arts in Lombok in general, and the gandrung performing art at Dasan Tereng Village, West Lombok in particular, which is supported by the wetu telu Islamic community, are getting marginalized.  The wetu telu Muslims used to be static; however, they are getting dynamic.  The wetu telu Islam has been purified into the waktu lima Islam.  \n\tThe shift in religious faith at Dasan Tereng Village, West Lombok District, as the village which supports the Sasak gandrung performing art, from performing the wetu telu Islamic teaching to the waktu lima Islamic teaching has contributed to the marginalization of the Sasak gandrung performing art in Lombok. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\tIt can be concluded that the introduction of the waktu lima Islam to the wetu telu Islamic environment has caused the local people\u2019s faith to shift. As a consequence, the performing art which is related to the wetu telu Islam, especially the Sasak gandrung performing art as the art product of the wetu telu Islamic community, has gradually disappeared. \n\tIt is suggested that (1) the government should motivate and facilitate the creativity of the Sasak gandrung artists morally and materially; (2)  the art institution should make attempts to maintain the traditional arts qualitatively and quantitatively; and (3) the art observers, artists, and intellectuals should importantly contribute to the growth and development of the existing traditional arts.", "start_char_idx": 9016, "end_char_idx": 12955, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ec7183e7-64b9-4123-b319-b1230d385c20": {"__data__": {"id_": "ec7183e7-64b9-4123-b319-b1230d385c20", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25268", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "hash": "8687a36c08ad281adc024dd449758ab086d6efedc06c73f3a0add4a92e8073eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "20519818-22bb-42c8-aa03-a719371b4561", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "hash": "f8238ad4d53318eb8edecd17c4d1522f02180532175636d0f5becc2ea1614f6d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "64d62dc4-7bc2-496e-86eb-0181219a04cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1b128f7834db41ec074a5ba842efb7510db3f3cee43c4dde95af426b56a49358", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n\tIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Nyonan Suarka, M.Hum., as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A., as co-supervisor I and Dr. I Gede Arya Sugiartha, SSKar., M.Hum, as co-supervisor II, for their guidance and supervision during the completion of this study. The writer would also like to thank the e-journal of cultural studies, Doctorate Program in Cultural Studies, Udayana University for publishing this e-journal. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1990. In Other Word: Essays Toward a Reflexsive Sociology. Cambridge UK: Polity Press.\nDerrida, Jacques. 1992. Acts Of Literature. Diedit oleh Derek Attridge. New York: Routledge, \nKodiran. 1998. \u201cKesenian dan Perubahan Masyarakat \u201cdalam Kebudayaan Rakyat dalam Perubahan Sosial. Yogjakarta: Makalah disampaikan pada Simposium Internasional Ilmu-ilmu Humaniora ke-5 Fakultas Sastra Universitas Gadjah Mada, tanggal 8-9 Desember 1998.\nLarasati, R. Diyah. 1996. Jurnal Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia. Th.VII. \u201cGandrung di Lombok Barat (Sebuah Ekspresi Simbolis Komunitas Sasak)\u201d. Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia Surakarta: Yayasan Bentang Budaya. \nMartono, Nanang. 2011. Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial Perspektif Klasik, Modern, Posmodern dan Postkolonial. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.", "start_char_idx": 12960, "end_char_idx": 14264, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "64d62dc4-7bc2-496e-86eb-0181219a04cf": {"__data__": {"id_": "64d62dc4-7bc2-496e-86eb-0181219a04cf", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25271", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-05-31", "file": "ecs-25271.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25271", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25271", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-05-31", "file": "ecs-25271.doc"}, "hash": "3dfb9563d36a90395c96f64c4809b222b6fd9ac9fb238074fa50ff5d40424168", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ec7183e7-64b9-4123-b319-b1230d385c20", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25268", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25268", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25268.docx"}, "hash": "8fa25060f3c383f7dece319a5d0cab99c164259358c2ff13786bbde33bcf06f6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f8326163-9b50-4b73-9b58-33d827f06692", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6fb7490f65527823ae6ac51a95c4e3cd0a56f6a5087b823ae589732c60487c81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "COMMODIFICATION OF TEKTEKAN CALONGARANG AT BATURITI, KERAMBITAN, TABANAN\nI Ketut Sariada\n\nAA Bagus Wirawan\n\nAnak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara\n\nNi Made Ruastiti\nDoctorate Program of Cultural Studies,\n\nUdayana University\n\ne-mail: iketutsariada@gmail.com \n\nABSTRACT\n\nTektekan Calonarang is a Calonarang drama dance which is performed for a new model of tourism, and is accompanied with what is referred to gamelan tektekan. In general, the Balinese people disagree that a sacred cultural element is performed for tourism. However, those living at Baturiti Village support the commodified Tektekan Calongarang in which what are referred to as sacred barong and rangda are performed. This has led to many questions as such a performing art contrasts with the Balinese people\u2019s attitude in general. The problems of the present study are formulated as follows: why the people living at Baturiti Village, Kerambitan, Tabanan,  support the commodified Tektekan Calongarang using the sacred rangda and barong; what was such a commodification like; what was its implication on those who were involved in it, society, and such a performance itself. This present study is a qualitative one in which a number of related critical theories were used such as the theory of deconstruction proposed Jacques Derrida, the theory of social practice proposed by Pierre Bourdieu, and the theory of power/knowledge proposed by Michael Foucault. \n\nThe result of the study showed that the commodified Tektekan Calonarang in which the sacred barong and rangda were used was performed in the forms of a procession and the Tektekan Calonarang performance. The market ideology, the developmental ideology, the religious ideology, and the conservation ideology inspired the commodified Tektekan Calonarang which involved the sacred barong and rangda performed for tourism. Such a commodification increased the income of those involving in such a performance and the local people (multiplier effects), the perpetuity of the magical strength of such barong and rangda, the market/tourism interest, and strengthened the local people\u2019s social solidarity. The novelty of the present study was that there was no degradation of sacredness although the sacred rangda and barong were commodified for tourism. The reason is that every time such a performance was performed, a ritual was performed to purify such barong and rangda contextually.\nKeywords: commodification, tourism, culture, Tektekan Calonarang, Sacred Barong and Rangda\nINTRODUCTION \n\nTektekan Calonarang is a traditional Balinese dance drama which is presented within the context of tourism. Such a dance drama is very unique as, apart from performing the theme Calonarang it is also accompanied with a traditional Balinese gamelan tektekan; the instrument of such a gamelan is made of small size bamboo; it is struck alternately with varied tempo and dynamism. As one type of the Balinese performing art which is performed for tourism, Tektekan Calonarang is a performing art which is specific and different from the Calonarang dance drama in general.  It is generally accompanied with Gong Kebyar gamelan orchestra. Therefore, such a Tektekan Calonarang which is performed at Batauriti Village, Kerambitan, Tabanan has attracted tourists. Therefore, it is not only performed at Baturiti Village, Kerambitan, but it is also performed outside the village especially at the tourist areas in Bali. \n\n\nIn general, this present study was indented to identify and understand the commodification of Tektekan Calonarang, Baturiti Village, Kerambitan, Tabanan which involves the sacred barong and rangda and is performed for tourists. It is one of the local cultural elements and is developing as the cultural identity and tourist product of the village. In particular, this present study was intended to understand the background, form and implication of the commodification of Tektekan Calonarang which also involves the sacred barong and rangda and is performed for tourists at Baturiti Village, Kerambitan, Tabanan.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4077, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f8326163-9b50-4b73-9b58-33d827f06692": {"__data__": {"id_": "f8326163-9b50-4b73-9b58-33d827f06692", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25271", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-05-31", "file": "ecs-25271.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25271", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25271", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-05-31", "file": "ecs-25271.doc"}, "hash": "3dfb9563d36a90395c96f64c4809b222b6fd9ac9fb238074fa50ff5d40424168", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "64d62dc4-7bc2-496e-86eb-0181219a04cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25271", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-05-31", "file": "ecs-25271.doc"}, "hash": "08436c3776a59e1c32ddd6b34b2ba6a3508661cba2ca0cedd22844230bda5b7e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d8021008-bc84-4861-b317-d67a93066d3f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e0497b544795ed5fefbd7ec618ea9735aa3cccb9ea52572f906398e9f4e90af2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In theory, it is expected that the result of the present study may be used as a reference which can enrich knowledge in general and the cultural studies in particular. The concept found in the present study may be used as input for the researchers in the future. In practice, it is expected that the result of the present study may give contribution in the form of concepts to the local people, making them aware and appreciate Tektekan Calonarang performed at Baturiti Village, Kerambitan, Tabanan.\n\nRESEARCH METHOD\n\nThe present study was designed to use the qualitative approach from the perspective of cultural studies. The study was conducted at Baturiti Village, Kerambitan, Tabanan. The data used were the qualitative as well as the quantitative data. The data were obtained from the primary and secondary data sources. The informants were determined purposively, meaning that the purposive sampling technique was used to determine the informants. In this present study the researcher was the main instrument apart from the other instruments such as an interview guide, a tape recorder, a photograph camera and a video camera. The data were collected through documents, interview and library research. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusion before novelties were found. The result of analysis was formally and informally presented. \nRESULT AND DISCUSSION\n\nThe commodified Tektekan Calonarang was performed in the form of a procession and dance drama. The procession was performed by the Anyar Palace Kerambitan to welcome the royal guests and involved at least 300 people in each procession. Tektekan Calonarang was performed in the form a dance drama with the theme adopted from the Calonarang story entitled Ni Diah Ratna Mangali. \n\nThe ideologies which inspired the commodified Tektekan Calongarang which involved the sacred rangda and barong were the market ideology, the developmental ideology, the religious ideology, and the ideology of conservation. \n\n\nSuch a performing art was frequently performed at the Anyar Palace Kerambitan and at the hotels located at Nusa Dua area involving the sacred -labeled barong and rangda. The reason was that the involvement of the sacred barong and rangda turned out to make the Tektekan Calongarang group with its identity popular. \n\nThe developmental ideology cannot be separated from the aspect of the increase in the local people\u2019s prosperity, meaning that first such a performance could directly improve the local people\u2019s economy; second, such a performance could contribute to the growth of the social solidarity values, nationalism, tolerance and ethics. In addition, such a performance could also make the local people love their own culture. \n\nThe religious ideology was shown by the myth which the local people believed in and the ritual performed when such a performing art was presented. They believed that the sacred rangda and barong were able to ward off the diseases which they could suffer from. Finally, as such a performing art was performed to ward off diseases; now it is functioned to protect the local people from any possible dangers. \n\nThe ideology of conservation was shown by maintaining and conserving Tektekan Calonarang as an identity of the people living at Baturiti Village. Such a performing art differentiates the Balinese culture from the other cultures in the world. It was also performed to strengthen the social relation among the local people. The patron-client relation between the royal family and the local people were still well maintained. Such a patron-client relation, as the principle of reciprocity, between the royal family and the local people seemed to result from the successful attempt made by the Anyar Palace Kerambitan to make tourists come to visit the village, causing the villagers to gain trickle side effect from such a performing art. \n\n\nThe implication of such a performing art was that the local people were made to more strongly believe in the magical power of the sacred barong and rangda; more tourists were made to visit the village; the economy of those who were involved in such a performing art and the economy of the local people was getting improved; such a performing art also contributed to the formation of the image and identity of the village. The frequent performance of such a performing art also contributed to it conservation and perpetuity, meaning that more and more people were made to gather, and that the social solidarity among the local people was indirectly getting tighter.", "start_char_idx": 4081, "end_char_idx": 8640, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d8021008-bc84-4861-b317-d67a93066d3f": {"__data__": {"id_": "d8021008-bc84-4861-b317-d67a93066d3f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25271", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-05-31", "file": "ecs-25271.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25271", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25271", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-05-31", "file": "ecs-25271.doc"}, "hash": "3dfb9563d36a90395c96f64c4809b222b6fd9ac9fb238074fa50ff5d40424168", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f8326163-9b50-4b73-9b58-33d827f06692", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25271", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-05-31", "file": "ecs-25271.doc"}, "hash": "5b7d01d470147f427e59060455943bea4e9584b64b888a74d03fa3eb08c203c1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "919b7e98-a899-4da2-a332-d46994ae401f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3a0b311a032e6c234c76fa8ec2e2ae50f90ecb3bb3071b757dfb873ed22fe08b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The novelties of the present study are as follows: 1) the sacredness of the sacred barong and rangda did not become degraded; the reason was that each time it was performed, a purification ritual was performed, depending on the context of performance; 2) the legitimacy between the palace and local people were getting stronger; the palace could maintain the patron-client relation; in this case, the royal prestige could benefit the surrounding people for the sake of the royal economy and politics; 3) the icon Tektekan Calonarang could strengthen solidarity and identity; socially and culturally, there is \u201csymbiotic mutualistic\u201d  relation among the palace, the local people, and the tour and travel agency; apart from that, such a performing art can also enrich the Balinese culture.\n\nIt is suggested that when it is performed, the quality should be maintained in order to maintain its existence and to be able to compete locally and globally. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nThe commodified Tektekan Calonarang involving the sacred barong and rangda was performed in the forms of a procession and dance drama. Such a performance was inspired by the religious ideology, the market ideology, the ideology of conservation, and the cultural ideology. \n\nThe implication of such a performing art was that the local people more strongly believed in the magical power which the sacred barong and rangda had; more and more tourists were made to come; and the local people\u2019s prosperity was getting better; such a performing art made more and more local people gather, meaning that it was indirectly functioned to tighten the local people\u2019s social solidarity.\n\n\nIt can be stated that the sacredness of the sacred barong and rangda did not become degraded; the reason was that every time such a performing art was performed, a purification ritual was performed; the legitimacy between the palace and local people were getting stronger. The palace could maintain the patron-client relation; the royal prestige could benefit the local people for the sake of the royal economy and politics. The stronger solidarity and identity resulting from the existence of Tektekan Calonarang could lead to the \u201csymbiotic and mutualistic\u201d relation among the local people, tour and travel agencies, and the palace. In addition, such a performing art could also enrich the Balinese culture. \n\nIt is suggested that the Tektekan Calonarang performing art at Baturiti Village, Kerambitan, Tabanan should maintain the quality so that it can compete locally and globally. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\nFinally, it is hoped that Ida Sang Widhi Wasa/Tuhan Yang Mahaesa, Almighty God, reward everybody for having supported the completion of the present study. It is hoped that the result of the present study may enrich the treasure of the Indonesian scientific works.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \nBarker, Chris. 2005. Culture Studies : Teori dan praktik. Yogyakarta : PT. Bentang Pustaka.\n\nPicard, Michael, 2006. Bali, Pariwisata Budaya dan Budaya Pariwisata (Terjemahan). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia \u2013 Forum Jakarta-Paris, Ecole Francaise d\u2019extreme-orient. \n\nSuandewi, I Gusti Ayu dan A.A. Mayun Artati. 1998. Tektekan Suatu Bentuk Kesenian Touristik Di Bali, Denpasar : Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia. \n\nSubrata, I Wayan. 2012. \u201cKomodifikasi Seni Pertunjukan Barong Di Banjar Denjalan-Batur Desa Batubulan Gianyar Bali\u201d (disertasi). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.\n\nSulastriani, Ni Wayan. 2001. \u201cTari Tektekan Di Desa Kukuh Kecamatan Kerambitan Kabupaten Tabanan\u201d, (Tesis). Denpasar: Program Magister Ilmu Agama Dan Kebudayaan Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Hindu Indonesia Denpasar (UNHI).", "start_char_idx": 8644, "end_char_idx": 12289, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "919b7e98-a899-4da2-a332-d46994ae401f": {"__data__": {"id_": "919b7e98-a899-4da2-a332-d46994ae401f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25272", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "hash": "02e56b6b3fd2b1a4080e5d8fd3c5f9caad779fa0646f3213dc5adf56af7ccbd0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d8021008-bc84-4861-b317-d67a93066d3f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25271", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-05-31", "file": "ecs-25271.doc"}, "hash": "009f541153aa90410df0c6c499e8b9feb3e1fcca93d00a95a19b126b0ef96a39", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f3492455-8b3e-44a6-9927-e72619f65264", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bbee92001755286ba072c5b0f147b7aa54e7102a4ca677b0a4fb75b00c11eb17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "SOCIAL PRACTICE OF PEDAGANG ACUNG (VENDORS) AT KINTAMANI TOURIST AREA, BANGLI, BALI\nNi Made Ary Widiastini\n\nDepartment of Diploma 3 in Hotel Management\n\nFaculty of Economics and Business, Ganesha University of Education, Singaraja\n\nI Wayan Ardika\n\nNengah Dasi Astawa\n\nI Gede Mudana\n\ne-mail: ary.widiastini@gmail.com \n\nABSTRACT\n\nThis present study is intended to explain the social practice performed by the pedagang acung (vendors) at Kintamani Tourist Area, Bangli Regency, Bali Province. In selling their commodities, the vendors cannot be separated from those who are involved in the development of tourism. In this present study the data were collected through observation, interview and library research. The data were eclectically analyzed using the theory of social practice and some other supporting theories. Such theories were used to identify various forms of the social practice performed by the vendors.\n\nThe result of the study showed that in practice the vendors interacted with various parties involved in the development of tourism at Kintamani, Bangli. The consequence was that they fought for the capital as they had different interests. Having a limited amount of capital caused them to be marginalized by those who had bigger amounts of capital. The economic, social and cultural capitals they had caused them to be suspected of the sources of the problems in the development of tourism at Kintamani. They should not have been negatively viewed but should also have been positively viewed. In other words, they should have been viewed as those who ran entrepreneurship with limited amounts of capital who could also reduce the rate of unemployment and contribute to the economic development in Bangli Regency in particular and Bali Province in general. \n\nKeywords: Vendors, Social Practice, Tourism, Kintamani  \nINTRODUCTION\n\n Vending, as a profession, which has been undertaken by the local people living at Batur Village, has not only benefited them economically but has also led to various economic, social, cultural, political and environmental problems. Kintamani with its beautiful mount and lake has inspired many people to excavate the potentials it has. Many local people, who used to work as farmers, have been working as vendors. They sell their commodities to the tourists who visit Kintamani. Such a phenomenon supports what is stated by Wirakartakusumah (1987: 33-47) that there are several factors which can cause people to change their professions. Such factors are as follows (1) the economic factor, (2) the social factor, (3) the natural factor, (4) the educational factor and so forth. Such a phenomenon can also be seen at Kintamani as one of the tourist destinations in Bali. Many local people have worked as vendors, as, in their opinion, vending can benefit them more than working as farmers. \n\nWhat they can produce from farming cannot meet their various needs. The reason is that what they can produce cannot be entirely consumed; some should be left for the following growing season. In addition, they have to wait for a relatively long time before they can harvest what they plant. Therefore, they should have other jobs; otherwise, they cannot fulfill their daily needs. Most of them have chosen to work as vendors as an additional job, meaning that vending can strengthen their economy. In this context, vending at Kintamani tourist area is also the economic basis for the families living there. \n\nThe phenomenon of being involved in the informal sector by working as vendors, who sell their commodities to tourists, is interesting to be investigated. The reason is that many local people have chosen such a profession in order to be able to meet their primary, secondary and tertiary needs. Cukier and Wall (1994: 464-476), in his article entitled \u201cInformal tourism employment: vendors in Bali, Indonesia\u201d, stated that vending can sufficiently benefit people; therefore, those who have limited capital have chosen such a profession. In this present study what is explored is the social practice performed by the vendors at Kintamani tourist destination  from the perspective of cultural studies. \nRESEACH METHOD\n\nIn this present study, the main instrument used was an interview guide. Those who were involved in vending enterprise interviewed were the vendors, the product suppliers, the village government, the regency government, the provincial government, the local leaders, the tourism observers, and those who were involved in the tourism businesses. The data were descriptively and qualitatively analyzed, and the result of the data analysis was informally presented, meaning that the result of the data analysis was descriptively analyzed based on the norms referred to in the cultural studies. \nDISCUSSION", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 4812, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f3492455-8b3e-44a6-9927-e72619f65264": {"__data__": {"id_": "f3492455-8b3e-44a6-9927-e72619f65264", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25272", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "hash": "02e56b6b3fd2b1a4080e5d8fd3c5f9caad779fa0646f3213dc5adf56af7ccbd0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "919b7e98-a899-4da2-a332-d46994ae401f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "hash": "87aeb5186a720033e6e6af66ec855605747f9dda75965e45d23e423df6df3d0f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c8f61787-6d7b-4aac-a895-8ca596319188", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b45faf71edbb794ea7f13a33113887eaa9a899e15ea5cfb2bb45aaecc19f4f34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Vendors are not only in Bali, but they are also found in almost every tourist area in Indonesia; however, they are differently named. Their existence has been explored by several foreign researchers, as stated by Timothy and Wall (1997) in their book entitled \u201cSelling to Tourist Indonesian Street Vendors\u201d, that working in informal sectors such as working as vendors at tourist destinations has economically and significantly contributed to the economic development. In Bali in general, and at Kintamani tourist destination, Kintamani, Bangli regency in particular, there are so many people who have chosen vending as a profession, meaning that the space of meaning has been fought for economically, socially, culturally, and politically in every activity the vendors do. \n\n\nThe social practice which is performed at Kintamani tourist area, Bangli Regency, is internal and external in nature. In practice, the vendors are involved in the activities in which the other parties are also involved such as their group, the other group of vendors, the government, the product supplier, the restaurant owners, the tourist guides and tourists. In practice, the vendors at Kintamani tourist destination establish three groups; the Lake View group, the Garden View group, and the groups in every restaurant. Each group has an area where they vend their commodities, based on the agreement they have made since they were under the supervision of Bintang Danu Foundation. As stated by Takwin (2009: xix), the habitus as the basis of the domain caused people to spontaneously make contacts with others, as can be seen from the process through which the groups of the vendors were established. As far as the vendors at Kintamani tourist destination are concerned, the groups were established based on their geographical and psychological proximities. \n\n\nIn practice, each vendor sells his/her products from 10.00 am to 4.00 pm, although many start selling their products earlier or go home later; this only contributes to the turnover they earn. The commodities they vend are based on the blue cards they receive from the Bintang Danu Foundation. This policy is still prevailing, causing the competition among the vendors not to be too high. The express boundaries of the areas where they may vend their commodities have also caused the competition among the groups of the vendors not to be high either. Although the competition is not too high, they often have to run after the tourists who happen to be in their areas in order to gain maximum profit. \n\n\nThe government, as the party which has the authority to regulate the vending practices, does not provide any good space to the local people with limited capital to be independent in entrepreneurship.  Therefore, in this present study the concept proposed by Bourdieu in Jackson (2010: 139) concerning the ideological superstructure was used to understand the actions taken by the government. The intention to minimize unemployment as the job opportunities are limited has caused the government to give non-formal permit to those who intend to undertake entrepreneurship, that is, to those who intend to work as vendors. The government\u2019s attitude to allow those who would like to undertake non formal businesses may lead to a condition in which the vendors are marginalized due to various reasons as a form of the game of power played by the government.\n\n\nThe phenomenon which is interesting to be explored is the existence of the product suppliers to them no firm attention has been paid by the government. Based on the result of the data analysis in the present study, it was found that their existence had mainly caused the vendors to keep under pressure. The vendors had to pay off the products from the suppliers; therefore, they had to sell their commodities aggressively; otherwise, they would not gain their capital back. The information obtained from the interview showed that those who gained the highest benefit from the vending activities at Kintamani Tourist area were the suppliers. The reason was that they took such commodities from the producers and they did not take any risk as the vendors were supposed to pay off the products they had taken from them. As stated by Plummer (2011: 285) that the social capital refers to the relation among individuals in which confidence plays an important role. Therefore, it can be understood that a supplier who did not allow the vendors to pay off the products he/she supplied to them in installments means that his/her confidence to the vendors was low. \n\n  \nThe vendors, as the party that has the smallest capital, should be faithful to the regulations applicable to them, including to the regulations issued by the restaurants where they are allowed to sell their commodities. Many restaurants at the Kintamani tourist area allow the local people to work as vendors. In practice, there is a mutual symbiosis relation between the restaurants and vendors; such a relation is in the form of the patron-client relation.", "start_char_idx": 4815, "end_char_idx": 9833, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c8f61787-6d7b-4aac-a895-8ca596319188": {"__data__": {"id_": "c8f61787-6d7b-4aac-a895-8ca596319188", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25272", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "hash": "02e56b6b3fd2b1a4080e5d8fd3c5f9caad779fa0646f3213dc5adf56af7ccbd0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f3492455-8b3e-44a6-9927-e72619f65264", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "hash": "e97ad1684f0fa0be1f3d039171ce567c345bc56be0c9917f7cd2739fc41a66c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "171e5611-e53d-406e-8d77-faeee438233b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8a9c4aa67fac605785e41f27c68cff971bb245f945617d6f321bd10125c66412", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "As stated by Scott (1981: 257) that the goods or services which are exchanged for between the patron and the client are not the same; the reason is that the nature of the relation between them is based on their different needs; similarly, the nature of the relation between the vendors and the restaurants are not equal either. The image of the restaurants is good as they have prepared space for the local people where they can earn their income by selling souvenirs. \n\nThe practice of entrepreneurship at Kintamani tourist area is also performed by the tour guides who cannot be separated from the existence of the vendors either. Unconsciously, the tour guides often consider that the vendors, whom should be appreciated for being the host, the source of problems. As stated by Takwin (2009:xx-xxi) that every domain requires  that every individual should have specific capital in order to be able to survive. The tour guides and vendors should too. However, tourism requires that everybody should have a strong cultural resource, causing the vendors to have to accept their defeat. Plummer (2011:229) stated that the cultural resource includes the accessibility to information, knowledge, skill and education. In this case, the tour guides have such elements of the cultural resource, making them easily make tourists not to believe in the vendors. In this context, although based on the formula proposed by Bourdieu that the habitus and domain are controlled by local people, the limited elements of the cultural resource, as stated by Plummer (2011:229), have caused the vendors to be marginalized in their own area. \n\nIn practice, the vendors are under various pressures; they are considered the sources of the problems at Kintamani tourist area, Bangli. In many articles and studies, it is stated that the vendors at Kintamani are the social pathology of the Kintamani tourism. Furthermore, Dwitahadi et al. (2016), in her article entitled \u201cPerlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Wisatawan Berkaitan dengan Kenyamanan Wisatawan di Kawasan Wisata Penelokan Kintamani Bangli\u201d (the Legal Protection of What Tourists Are Entitled to Are Related to the Comfort of the Tourists at Penelokan Tourist Area, Kintamani, Bangli), stated that the Act Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism only sides with tourists, and that no attention is paid to what is needed by the local people who are also entitled to the positive impact the development of tourism in their own area. The concept that vending is a solution to unemployment has never been taken into consideration, although vending makes the local people able to fulfill what they and their families need; as a result, crimes can be minimized. As stated by Wayan Yarmi (40 years old) that vending made the local people able to meet their daily needs and, as a result, stealth could be reduced. Therefore, the entrepreneurship which is undertaken by the vendors should be viewed as a positive thing so their existence will not be marginalized. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nIn practice, the vendors at Kintamani tourist area should compete against the other parties that are involved in the development of the tourism at Kintamani, Bangli. Apart from the competition among them, the competition also takes place between them and the other parts that also have various interests in the development of Kintamani and with whom they share the shame arena such as the tour guides and product suppliers. In practice, the vendors become marginalized as the economic, social and cultural capitals they have are limited. In spite of that, many local people still undertake their entrepreneurship as vendors.\n\nAs stated by Timothy and Wall (1997: 322-338), who particularly explored the street vendors in Indonesia in general and in Yogyakarta in particular considered that the employment in the informal sector at the tourist area should be supported as their existence is important in the macro economic development. It is also suggested that those who consider that the vendors are the sources of problems should wisely try to understand their existence. In this way, the development of Kintamani as a tourist destination can be benefit and enjoyed by every party in general and the local people as the host in particular. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. Nengah Dasi Astawa, M.Si and Dr.", "start_char_idx": 9834, "end_char_idx": 14236, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "171e5611-e53d-406e-8d77-faeee438233b": {"__data__": {"id_": "171e5611-e53d-406e-8d77-faeee438233b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25272", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "hash": "02e56b6b3fd2b1a4080e5d8fd3c5f9caad779fa0646f3213dc5adf56af7ccbd0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c8f61787-6d7b-4aac-a895-8ca596319188", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "hash": "d062731ed795767c5f36d5561c6fd042c3b53bded82060299f897aef5b7c33cd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0e76eece-76f4-4e45-93b5-0b53b69492db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "36345fb90fb18c20706fdb06f77639dcde257b3e6e624693f6325a3579eba777", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Dr. Nengah Dasi Astawa, M.Si and Dr. I Gede Mudana for their guidance during the completion of this present study entitled \u201cThe Social Practice of the Vendors at Kintamani Tourist Area, Bangli, Bali\u201d as the dissertation which could be well completed. The writer would also like to thank the management of the doctorate program in Cultural Studies, Udayana University for the contribution given to the writer during the completion of the article and dissertation. The writer would also like to thank the Directorate General of Higher Education for the financial assistance provided to the writer during her study. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nCukier, Judie dan Wall, Geoffrey. 1994. Informal Tourism Employment: Vendors in Bali, Indonesia. Tourism Management. Volume 15. Issue 6. Page 464-476.\n\nJackson, Peter. 2010. \u201cPierre Bourdieu\u201d. Dalam Jenny Edkins dan Nick Vaughan Williams ed. Teori-Teori Kritis Menantang Pandangan Utama Suti Politik Internasional. Teguh Wahyu Utomo Penerjemah. Yogyakarta: Baca. \n\nPlummer, Ken. 2011. Sosiologi The Bacis. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.\n\nRhisma Dwitahadi, Ida Ayu Made.  R.A. Retno Murni   A.A. Sri Indrawati. 2016. Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Wisatawan Berkaitan Dengan Kenyamanan Wisatawan Di Kawasan Wisata Penelokan Kintamani Bangli. Kertha Semaya. Vol.4, no.1, Pebruari 2016. Dalam  http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kerthasemaya/article/view/18913/12389 \n\nTakwin, Bagus. 2009. \u201cProyek Intelektual Pierre Bourdieu: Melacak Asal-Usul Masyarakat, Melampaui Oposisi Biner Dalam Ilmu Sosial\u201d. Dalam Richard Harker, Cheelen Mahar, dan Cris Wilkes. (Habitus X Modal) + Ranah = Praktik Pengantar Paling Komprehensif Kepada Pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. Hal. xv \u2013 xxv.\n\nTimothy, Dallen J. dan Wall, Geoffrey. 1997. Selling to Tourists Indonesian Street Vendors. Annals of Tourism Research. Volume 24. Nomor 2. Page 322-340.\n\nWirakartakusumah, M. Djauhari. 1998. Bayang-Bayang Ekonomi Klasik. Jakarta : Dirjen Dikti Depdikbud.", "start_char_idx": 14200, "end_char_idx": 16173, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0e76eece-76f4-4e45-93b5-0b53b69492db": {"__data__": {"id_": "0e76eece-76f4-4e45-93b5-0b53b69492db", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25273", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25273", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25273.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25273", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25273", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25273", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25273.docx"}, "hash": "4788cd188e5412d6e65e079f8ca2393ce8b70a652fbdc77590c68e838350aa77", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "171e5611-e53d-406e-8d77-faeee438233b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25272", "author": "user", "title": null, "date": "2016-06-24", "file": "ecs-25272.doc"}, "hash": "e3d5ea0fba579f8f668dd38fd490837b56e706c4a616b0d29c7d0296b5462c37", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c652c2f1-ea82-4002-890f-841a9d048937", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "07f1826fc83e3447efdb9d1580f4a8092b48b5b8b279e195616c38ab885da307", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "REPRODUCTION OF KAKEBYARAN ART\nIN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA\n\nI GEDE YUDARTA\nNyoman Weda Kusuma\nI Wayan Dibia\nI Gde Parimartha\nStudy Program of Karawitan (Gamelan Music) Art\nIndonesia Institute of the Arts of Denpasar\n\nEmail: yudartagede67@gmail.com\n\nABSTRACT\n\n\tKakebyaran art is a performing art with the Balinese identity; it is not only popular in Bali but also in the other provinces in Indonesia and different parts of the world. In Indonesia, such a performing art is also performed in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. The policy with the jargon \u201cMaju, Religious and Berbudaya\u201d (Being Developed, Religious, and Cultured),  which was issued by the ruler of Mataram City, affirms that the development in Mataram City is oriented toward the Islamic religious values, meaning that the other religious and cultural symbols are reduced. Such a situation has motivated the Balinese ethnic community to develop its art, tradition, and culture in general and the kekebyaran art in particular. Such a phenomenon is a domain of cultural studies which is very interesting to be explored in depth. There are three problems related to such a phenomenon. They are 1) the form and function of the reproduction of the kekebyaran art, 2) the factors contributing to the reproduction of the kekebyaran , 3) the impact of the reproduction of the kekebyaran art on and its meaning to the society of Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. \n\tThe present study was conducted using the qualitative method, in accordance with the scientific norm and paradigm of cultural studies. Three theories were used to analyze such problems; they are the theory of cultural reproduction, the theory of identity, and the theory of semiotics. They were eclectically used to discuss the substance of the topic of discussion. The results of analysis were formulated as follows: first, the form of the reproduction of the kekebyaran art is made up of musicality, the instrumental form, the way of presenting it, its function as part of a ritual and a performing art, and its function to strengthen the local culture. Second, the factors contributing to the reproduction of the kakebyaran art are as follows:  the culture, economy and cultural communication. Third, the impact and meaning of the reproduction of the kakebyaran art are as follows:  the spiritual impact, the socio-cultural impact, the economic impact, the aesthetic meaning, and the cultural meaning. \n\nKeywords: reproduction, the kakebyaran art, Mataram City", "start_char_idx": 50, "end_char_idx": 2540, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c652c2f1-ea82-4002-890f-841a9d048937": {"__data__": {"id_": "c652c2f1-ea82-4002-890f-841a9d048937", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25273", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25273", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25273.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25273", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25273", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25273", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25273.docx"}, "hash": "4788cd188e5412d6e65e079f8ca2393ce8b70a652fbdc77590c68e838350aa77", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0e76eece-76f4-4e45-93b5-0b53b69492db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25273", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25273", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25273.docx"}, "hash": "934361defb1c518d97a3d966943541bfccbd48f4b2647a609771598ab8bf8caa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "eec2e0e6-ef0e-4370-b1e6-04096e7a35a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "062ac36ab43828392641e28041cbc9a8f21a4afd112074ef74b721064619add5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Introduction\n\n\tThe reproduction of the kakebyaran art is one form of the cultural reproduction. From the cultural context, in accordance with Abdullah (2006: 45), reproduction is a process of affirming identity made by non-native people of a region, through which they intend to affirm the existence of their native culture. From the wider discourse, cultural reproduction is an active process which affirms their existence in such a social life that they make adaptations to the other group people with different cultural backgrounds. The reproduction of the kakebyaran art in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara Barat is an attempt made by the Balinese people in Mataram City to establish and develop the kakebyaran art in order to strengthen and affirm their identity as the Balinese people. \n\tMataram City, as part of West Nusa Tenggara Province, is unique. It is a plural city as it is occupied by different ethnic groups with their own cultures and traditions. However, most of the people living in the city are the Sasak ethnic people who adhere to Islam; however, they have two faiths; many are the Wetu Lima Islam followers and many others are the Wetu Telu Islam followers. They are highly fanatical on their faiths, causing them to have the following slogans: \u201cdengan sasak no dengan Islam\u201d , \u201cLombok Pulau Seribu Masjid\u201d (Lombok Is an Island with Thousands of Mosques), and the motto \u201cMaju, Religious dan Berbudaya\u201d (Being Developed, Religious, and Cultured). The motto, which was issued by the ruler of Mataram City, affirms that the development in Mataram City is oriented towards the approach of religious values, that is, the Islamic values, meaning that the other religious and cultural symbols are reduced. Concretely, the Islamic motivation is strengthened in Mataram to replace the Bali Hindu heritages (Suprapto, 2013: 97).\n\tAs the minority group of people who live among the people who are highly fanatical on their faiths, the Balinese ethnic people, as the Hindu followers, are motivated to develop their arts, traditions, and cultures especially the development of the kakebyaran art. Therefore, the problems of the present study are formulated as follows:  1) the form of the reproduction of the kakebyaran art, 2) the factors contributing to the reproduction of the kakebyaran art, and 3) the impact of the reproduction of the kakebyaran art on and its meaning to the art and culture of Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. \n\nResearch Method\n\n\tThe present study entitled \u201cthe Reproduction of the Kakebyaran Art in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara\u201d used the descriptive qualitative method with various techniques applicable to the scientific norms. The data were collected using the participatory observation method, meaning that the researcher was directly and actively involved in the art activity.  This method was used in order to obtain authentic data. As the researcher was known as an artist, he was frequently requested to train the art clubs \u201csekaa-sekaa or sanggar seni\u201d which were used as the object of the present study. The important data related to the art activity performed by the artists in Mataram City could be explored through this method. \n\tThree theories were used in the present study; they are theory of cultural reproduction, the theory of identity, and the theory of semiotics. They were eclectically used to analyze the three problems formulated above.", "start_char_idx": 2545, "end_char_idx": 5944, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "eec2e0e6-ef0e-4370-b1e6-04096e7a35a6": {"__data__": {"id_": "eec2e0e6-ef0e-4370-b1e6-04096e7a35a6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25273", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25273", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25273.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25273", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25273", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25273", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25273.docx"}, "hash": "4788cd188e5412d6e65e079f8ca2393ce8b70a652fbdc77590c68e838350aa77", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c652c2f1-ea82-4002-890f-841a9d048937", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25273", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25273", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25273.docx"}, "hash": "a8c499e124a296c66be6e0fc86a49e56912fc27513a19f71740bdb56d62a30c1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "99a835c3-3ece-41be-a05a-48bfb1306014", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f9a5d2d81a8790390c6331707ff5c68bd43b8a931a3669b2de0a87160a981e36", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Result and Discussion\n\n\tIt was found that there are 3 (three) forms of kakebyaran art which were reproduced; they are 1) the Bali style kakebyaran art, 2) the Bali-Lombok kakebyaran art, and 3) the Pesasakan style art. The Bali style kakebyaran art which was reproduced are the North Bali kakebyaran art and the South Bali kakebyaran art. \n\tThe forms of the kakebyaran art which appeared in Mataram City could not be separated from the concept proposed by Bourdieu (1998) of the habitus and arena and the dialectical relationship between them. Although the kakebyaran art was created in a certain arena, the habitus dispositions could be transferred from one field to another field (Barker, 2014: 115). The differences in field led to several similarities and differences in regard to, and acculturative new forms of the tradition/habitus and the kakebyaran art style.  Such a phenomenon taking place as part of the cultural reproduction, namely, the kakebyaran reproduction, was an active, adaptive, flexible, and configurative process. \n\tThe kakebyaran art, as one of the cultural works created by the Balinese people, had very strong and flexible cultural characteristics and identity, and universal values. The reproduction of the kakebyaran art contained several aspects; they are musicality, form and instrument, and the way of presenting it. \n\tThe kakebyaran art was reproduced in Mataram City as the existence of the arts in the societal life was essential.  It was reproduced to be functioned as part of a ritual and a performing art, and to strengthen the Balinese and Sasak cultures. \n\tThe factors which contributed to the reproduction of the kakebyaran art were: the cultural factor which included the cultural maintenance, the Balinese and Sasak cultural representation, the cultural communication between the Balinese culture and Sasak culture, religions, social and economic lives. \n\tThe reproduction of the kakebyaran art affected the spiritual life, the socio-cultural life, and economy. In relation to that, the reproduction of the kakebyaran art had aesthetic and educative meanings. The aesthetic meaning was that the artists were becoming more creative; they were motivated to create new creations from the aesthetic experience they underwent when they were involved in the kakebyaran art.  The aesthetic meaning was that the kakebyaran art in particular and the arts in general could be used to improve the quality of life in order to be welfare materially and non-materially. Apart from that, the kakebyaran art also had cultural meaning, namely, the maintenance of the cultural identity, and the strengthening of the Balinese and Sasak cultures. \n\nConclusion and Suggestion\n\n\tFrom the results of the analysis and discussion, several conclusions can be withdrawn. They are first, the form of the reproduction of the kakebyaran art included musicality, form and instrument, and the way of presenting it. It was functioned to be part of a ritual, to be presented as a performing art, and to strengthen the local culture. Second, the factors contributing to the reproduction of the kakebyaran art included the culture, and the cultural and economic communications. Third, the impacts the reproduction of the kakebyaran art included the spiritual and socio-cultural impacts; and the meanings of the reproduction of the kakebyaran art included the aesthetic/artistic meaning, educative meaning, and cultural meaning. \n\tThe suggestions which can be recommended in the present study are as follows. The kakebyaran art, as a cultural identity of the Balinese community, has a highly important role in many aspects of life especially in the Balinese community\u2019s life. It is suggested to the society in general and the artists who are indirectly and directly involved in it that they should always maintain and develop the arts in general and the kakebyaran art in particular, and that they should improve their quality, enrich the repertoire of the arts both the gamelan music and performing arts, supervise the young generation as an attempt made to maintain and strengthen the cultural identity as the Balinese ethnic people in the multicultural city of Mataram. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n\n\tIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank I Nyoman Weda Kusuma, as the supervisor, I Wayan Dibia, as co-supervisor 1, and I Gde Parimartha, as co-supervisor 2 for their support and hard work so this present study could be completed in time. The writer would also like to thank the e-journal of cultural studies for publishing this article. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY", "start_char_idx": 5948, "end_char_idx": 10512, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "99a835c3-3ece-41be-a05a-48bfb1306014": {"__data__": {"id_": "99a835c3-3ece-41be-a05a-48bfb1306014", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25278", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "hash": "68eb840e383823d40713dc7d61951b2fd7389d77fab473f99467b27a7ca762bb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "eec2e0e6-ef0e-4370-b1e6-04096e7a35a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25273", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25273", "date": "2016-03-11", "file": "ecs-25273.docx"}, "hash": "2f83aded0ebbaf08a109725e1c25794f9400a2691a24a8da3127b5d1e44a8c42", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fb6f61f3-b52c-48de-921b-b9e35bfcc4c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "11038585925ce43cee365669dd44d5090e4a17dc88a5de685231c3246b5de3e9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "JOGED DANCE IN YOUTUBE\nKadek Suartaya\nI Made Suastika\nI Wayan Dibia\nAnak Agung Gde Putra Agung\nISI Denpasar/e-mail: rector@isi-dps.ac.id\n\n\nAbstract\n\n\tIn Indonesia Joged Bumbung is a dance which was created in Bali; it is known as tari pergaulan, namely, a social dance which is performed to make friends; however, it has   innovated so freely that it becomes a dance with pornographic movements  presented vulgarly.   The recording of such a dance can be easily watched in YouTube; it can also be easily watched in shared video web sites, through which the users can download, watch and share different video clips free of charge. The problems of the present study are (1) what is the negative impact of the pornographic joged dance on the aesthetic values of Joged Bumbung; (2) how negatively people view the dancers and group of such a pornographic joged dance; (3) how negatively people view the Balinese cultural art resulting from the fact that such a pornographic joged dance has been uploaded in YouTube? The main objective of the present study is to identify the negative impact of the pornographic joged dance in YouTube. The data were collected through observation, interview, and library research. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively using the phonological theory; and the qualitative method is used. \n\tIt can be concluded that the pornographic joged is still watched in different parts of the island; it is watched every night. The government, art observers, and the society\u2019s leaders are anxious about the negative impact of such a joged dance on those who are involved in its performance. Therefore, the Bali government has persuaded the dancers and groups that are involved in the performance of such a joged dance to return to the ethical choreography of the performing art of Joged Bumbung. The government has directly met them for this purpose; however, what has been done has not been successful yet. There were three negative impacts of such a joged dance presented in YouTube. They are (1) the art value of the Joged Bumbung dance has become degraded; (2) the dancers have been immorally justified; and (3) the Balinese art and culture have been distorted. \n\nKeywords: joged, pornographic, YouTube.\n\n\nIntroduction\n\tWhen you open the internet and search out YouTube: joged Bali, you will get surprised that what you watch is such an Indonesian social dance is performed to inspire sexual desire. It is performed by several young women who wear the Balinese identity-showing costume; they open the fabric they wear, expose their thighs, and serve the men who dance with them one by one with pornographic actions, and are watched by both young and old viewers. It has been presented on the on line media for the last 10 years. The Bali government has taken persuasive steps that the joged dance should be performed politely; however, it has not been successful yet. In some parts of Bali, it is so popular that the people refer to such a joged dance as joged YouTobe; it is still presented until now. \n\tThe joged dance is very popular in Bali. There are several varieties of the Joged dance, but the most popular one is the Joged Bumbung dance. Such a dance is generally performed with free, active, and dynamic movement patterns (Dibia, 1999: 39). It is generally performed as an amusing performance in secular propane events.  In Bali there are many groups of Joged Bumbung; some are protected by the villages where they exist and as independent art groups. One group is usually made up of 15 persons, 10 or 12 are males and are the gamelan players and three are females and the dancers.\n\tIt is important to have beautiful dancers in the Joged Bumbung dance.  However, recently something has been added, that is, the dancers should be brave enough to make unsteady \u2018jaruh\u2019 movements (in the Balinese language, jaruh is equivalent to being pornographic). The braveness and vulgarity of the dancers are so dominant that the Joged Bumbung groups which maintain the performing aesthetics and ethics are scarcely invited to perform. On the other hand, more and more people have invited the groups or the dancers who are brave to show pornographic and vulgar movements. \n\tThe phenomenon of the pornographic joged is responded by the development in the globalized technology.", "start_char_idx": 52, "end_char_idx": 4374, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fb6f61f3-b52c-48de-921b-b9e35bfcc4c9": {"__data__": {"id_": "fb6f61f3-b52c-48de-921b-b9e35bfcc4c9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25278", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "hash": "68eb840e383823d40713dc7d61951b2fd7389d77fab473f99467b27a7ca762bb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "99a835c3-3ece-41be-a05a-48bfb1306014", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "hash": "7cbe7eda5be6c2fbf2da892f467036b8c65a6fa83b538328c155ac25595b32af", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bcbfb62a-05cf-4ab3-be85-81669322c9c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "201da408243a2817963f0a75539f4334875638ee7197b7106abf2fe4a9d77331", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The phenomenon of the pornographic joged is responded by the development in the globalized technology. The technology of the recording media and the technology of telecommunication have made the interaction among people from different parts of the world easier. The intimacy with the internet and the sophistication of the recording media have also contributed to the presentation of the Balinese pornographic joged dance in YouTube with an average duration of three or five minutes. According to Atmaja (2010: 261), the pornographic joged is moved by the invisible puppeteer, namely, the system of capitalistic capitalism and the market ideology which is the golden product of globalization. \n\nResearch Method \n\tThe existence of the pornographic video can also be explored from the commercial VCD recording which is freely sold in Bali both in the urban area and rural area as well as from YouTube. The actions made by the pornographic joged can also be watched from the direct performance. North Bali has many groups of the pornographic joged. The VCD with the sensational topic \u201cJoged Goyang Maut\u201d in 2002 was predicted to be performed by a joged group from Padangbulia Village, Buleleng. Many people know that such a joged dance has also been performed by the groups in the other regencies. Blahkiuh village, Badung Regency, for example, has a Joged Bumbung group whose dancers are brave enough to show vulgar actions. When they were interviewed, they said that they showed such movements unconsciously; they said that they had been possessed by a spirit. The phenomenon of the pornographic joged which was uploaded in YouTobe was identified through direct observation and in-depth interviews in which the interviewees were the dancers and the gamelan players as well as some representatives of the viewers. \n\nDiscussion\n \tConceptually, the word porno means absence. The word porno, which is frequently referred to as pornography, is a form of behavior which is erotically shown to inspire sexual desire or any material which is intentionally and only designed to inspire sexual desire (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, 1999: 696). Pornography roughly represents or shows obscene, especially the human sexuality; it is created with fantasy as the objective (Blackburn, 1994: 293). The pornographic or vulgar joged, according to the Balinese people, is a joged dance which shows the movements which are beyond the norms referred to in the Balinese performing arts  as the movements made by the hip (ngegol) and the repeated backward and forward movements (the Balinese word for that is ngangkuk). \n\tThe joged dance, as a genre of the old performing art, is mentioned in the Bali cultural art books. The book entitled Dance and Drama in Bali (1973), which was written by Beryl de Zoete and Water Spies, discusses the joged dance with its function as a social dance which the rural people like very much. The book entitled Kaja and Kelod, which was written by I Made Bandem and Fredrik Eugene, gives useful information on the joged dance during the colonial era. \n\tIn the Bali royal era, the joged performing art was controlled by the king and other noblemen. A Dutch health worker, Dr. Yacobs, described what he viewed in the joged dance which was performed in 1881 in a palace in Bali (Bandem, 1981: 126-127). Yacobs was highly surprised that when the dancers, who were young girls, finished dancing, they approached the royal guests and were ready to serve \u201cwhat was particularly assigned to them\u201d. Those who were the royal joged dancers felt extraordinarily proud; in addition, their families were also proud as well. Apart from that, they were also the idols of their societies. Their lives were guaranteed and their families were provided with rice fields to cultivate. \n\tIn the past, during the era of kingdom and when women were regarded as being inferior, the joged dance was also performed to amuse males. However, era has changed and shifted. Women are treated as they are. That is expected from the joged bumbung by the cultural observers and the leaders of the Balinese society (Bali Post, 2002).", "start_char_idx": 4272, "end_char_idx": 8379, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bcbfb62a-05cf-4ab3-be85-81669322c9c0": {"__data__": {"id_": "bcbfb62a-05cf-4ab3-be85-81669322c9c0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25278", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "hash": "68eb840e383823d40713dc7d61951b2fd7389d77fab473f99467b27a7ca762bb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fb6f61f3-b52c-48de-921b-b9e35bfcc4c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "hash": "ca86576be50b89f9a68f25c33a092853f9d225ffeb6b4b86e2dbedba14f110eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "923aa5cf-5052-4367-bde0-b82c21739b8b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6a935015c5f3ac21ba55cf747991ecaf708456f6a17e48c2014ec593fa3a2d7b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "However, the current problem is that when globalization dominates; when the boundaries among nations are widely opened; when people live permissively; when technology develops with its negative and positive impacts, the joged Bumbung, as one of the cultural aesthetic expressions of the Balinese people, has been trapped in a humiliated condition; it has been exposed freely in the internet by the development in the on line media of YouTube. \n\tEthno-aesthetically, the joged Bumbung dance is an art expression which should be appreciated. However, now there are many joged bumbung groups who show their pornographic movements and actions, making them humiliated. Ironically, although they are humiliated morally, religiously, and aesthetically, the pornographic movements they show, have turned out to make them able to earn money easily. The mocking criticism given by many people has turned out to make them more popular; more and more people want them to perform the dance. There are no performances without pornographic movements and actions. \n\tThe Joged Bumbung performing art with pornographic movements and actions which are regarded as being erotic seem to be always blamed, as facing what is called the fruit of simalakama.  Being brave to present erotic movements means that more and more people want the dancers of such a dance to dance but they are humiliated by many people. If they are not brave enough to present erotic movements, nobody will want them to perform it but no negative response is given to them; nobody will watch them. Such things, if defined, reflect collisions, offering and bargaining, and withdrawing and extending the instable values in the current society. \n\tActually, sexual desire is not only identical with the Joged Bumbung dance. A similar thing can be found in an Indonesian dance which is similar to the Joged Bumbung. The tayub performance, a dance which is performed in Central Java, will never be complete if pengibing  (the male dancer) does not touch the female dancer\u2019s bra with a reason that he intends to insert some money to the tayub dancer\u2019s breast.  Even the ronggeng and dombred dances, which are performed in West Java, are more immoral. In the past, especially in Kerawang and Indramayu, the dancers were generally still very young; however, they were allowed \u201cto dance with\u201d more intimately.      \n\nConclusions and Suggestions \n  \tThe pornographic joged dance presented in YouTube can be analogized as the fire and the smoke. The fire is the dance itself as it is empirically real.  The smoke rises with pungent smell and immorality in YouTube. Although it is not real and invisible, it really reaches every part of the world. It explores so wide space and both the people living in Bali and those living in the other parts of the world internally view it as something which is negative. The dancers and the Balinese cultural art are also negatively viewed. Therefore, three negative impacts and views were withdrawn from the pornographic joged presented on YouTube. The three negative impacts and views are as follows. \n\tFirst, the negative impacts and views resulting from the presentation of the pornographic joged on YouTube are that the values of the beauty of the performing art and gamelan connote comberan. In other words, it should function as the performing art which strengthens togetherness in the social interaction, but the fact shows that it is performed as an immoral thing. Second, the dancers of such a dance which is presented in YouTube are humiliated by many people. As the art figures, they are justified as if they only took the opportunity available to them. Third, the pornographic joged which is presented in YouTube has also led to an anxiety that the lay people from the other parts of the world will generalize that Bali is identical with pornography. There is, once again, there is an anxiety that those who are not familiar with the Balinese cultural art, or those who only watch the pornographic joged presented in YouTube, will raise a question: is the Balinese cultural art so vulgar and banal?\n\tIt is here that an anticipative strategy is needed as a response to the need for the reposition of the Joged Bumbung dance in the more civilized cultural space. The cultural reposition which should be strongly held is that such a dance should give priority to aesthetics and ethics and the erotic favor added to the performance should politely entertain the viewers.", "start_char_idx": 8380, "end_char_idx": 12836, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "923aa5cf-5052-4367-bde0-b82c21739b8b": {"__data__": {"id_": "923aa5cf-5052-4367-bde0-b82c21739b8b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25278", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "hash": "68eb840e383823d40713dc7d61951b2fd7389d77fab473f99467b27a7ca762bb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bcbfb62a-05cf-4ab3-be85-81669322c9c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "hash": "0cd77fa52a51d682ef6bf41212f0d6dd3030a1432590fb971b7b58bdf6d47838", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "52870921-583c-4928-a021-9a80d9bcc444", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "876dfc02790a3cbefcc86a9fef6c431798652352068d2eca8118444759ded8d7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\tThrough this opportunity, allow me to thank the supervisors such as I Made Suartika, I Wayan Dibia, and Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung and the E-Journal of Cultural Studies which publishes this article. A word of appreciation should also go to the informants of the study. \n\nReferences                                                                                                                                                                                 \nAtmaja, I Negah Jiwa. Modifikasi Tubuh Perempuan: Joged \u201cNgebor\u201d Bali. Program\n               Studi Magister dan Doktor Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana dan Pustaka\n              Larasan. Denpasar, 2010.\nBandem, I Made dan  Frederik deBoer. Kaja and Kelod: Balinese Dance in Transition.\n              Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1981.\nBlackburn, Simon. The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New\n              York, 1994.\ndeZoete, Beryl ; Spies, Walter. Dance and Drama in Bali. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford\n              University Press, 1938.\nDibia, I Wayan. Selayang Pandang Seni Pertunjukan Bali. Masyarakat Seni\n              Pertunjukan Indonesia. Bandung, 1999. \nMoeliono, Anton M, dkk. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI). Balai Pustaka\n              Jakarta, 1990.\n1. Internet\nJoged. Diperoleh dari http://www.balipost.co.id/BALIPOSTCETAK/2002/4/7/g1.html \n               (Diakses tanggal 6 Agustus 2015).\n1", "start_char_idx": 12839, "end_char_idx": 14261, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "52870921-583c-4928-a021-9a80d9bcc444": {"__data__": {"id_": "52870921-583c-4928-a021-9a80d9bcc444", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25279", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "hash": "89af03ee7f1b4b8d74d0eb44df15a216ae7131fc9f2a971519803b195829e7d3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "923aa5cf-5052-4367-bde0-b82c21739b8b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25278", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25278", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25278.docx"}, "hash": "1286a1cdf67c1bbb23c504b293dad7da7a2186aadfe2842be1339dab4f883532", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8f99a87f-ee23-49d1-babd-5dde02878143", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6f9c68f47c695a375c6ef2fbc23b5b432464f799052c9194ae7d369479d5c43c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "GENEALOGY OF TABUT RITUAL\nCULTURAL AESTHETICS OF THE SUMATRAN WEST COASTAL COMMUNITY\nKHANIZAR\n\nAndalas University, Padang\n\nkhanizarchan.fsua@gmail.com, khanizarchan@fsastra.unand.ac.id\nAA Bagus Wirawan\n\nSulistyawati\n\nPutu Sukardja\nABSTRACT\n\nThe tabut ritual is performed in the West Coastal area of Sumatera to commemorate Imam Husein Bin Ali Abi Thalib when he was captured by the soldiers of Yazid Muawiyah in Padang Karbala. It is performed once a year, from the first to the tenth of Muharam, which is counted based on the Hijirah year. This present study is intended to investigate the form, function, and meaning of the genealogy of the tabut ritual which is performed in and as the identity of the West Coastal Area of Sumatera. It tries to (1) discuss and deconstruct the values of such a ritual as the community\u2019s identity which tightens the cultural value of the Sumatran West Coastal community; (2) exploits the tabut ritual as the form of the Sumatran West Coastal community\u2019s identity; (3) apply the function of the ethnical aesthetics; (4) explain the aesthetic meaning in its relation to religion and customs and traditions. Three theories were used to answer the problems of the study; they are the theory of genealogy proposed by Michel Foucault and the postcolonial theory. \n\nWhat could be concluded from the present study are as follows. The genealogical forms of the tabut ritual which is performed in the  West Coastal are of Sumatera reflects the community\u2019s cultural aesthetics and functions to purify the soul; it also reflects religiosity, mystical and aesthetic experience  and the hegemony which exceeds the postcolonial patronage, meaning that such a ritual has the purification function. It also reflects the cosmological aesthetics of the supporting community. It has deconstruction and aesthetical genealogical meaning. \nKeywords: tabut ritual, West Coastal area of Sumatra, genealogy, aesthetics\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\nThe tabut ritual is performed in the West Coastal area of Sumatra to commemorate Imam Husein Bin Ali Thalib who died when he was captured by the soldiers of Yazid Bin Muawiyah in Padang Karbala. It is performed once a year, from the first to the tenth of Muharam, counted based on Hijiriah year.  Its existence is recognized and protected by the Minang traditional community as it reflects the community\u2019s cultural community. In such a context, the qualitative method was used in the present study as part of the scientific development.  The scientific development would become stagnated if there were no scientific development. The rationality of the research method and the freedom in developing and directing sciences into new paradigms is the genealogical critic. The genealogic critic technically controls society through principles, proving system, logical model, and a certain way of thinking rationally. \n\nThe genealogical existence still recognizes rationality, and gives freedom to search for what is true critically, creatively and divergently. Similarly, the theory of deconstruction has also led to a new view on how to see various aspects of life in general and the art and technological studies in particular. The extended hand of its critical aspect is what is referred to as deconstruction which is intended to re-ask the historical writing of the oppressed nations which have always been under the shadow of the eastern image. \n\nThe problems of the present study are formulated as follows: 1) what is the aesthetics of the tabut ritual which is used to reflect an identity and to tighten the cultural value of the West Coastal area in Sumatera like; 2) what is the function of the tabut ritual used as a local identity in the West Coastal area of Sumatra; and 3) what is the meaning of the tabut ritual used as the cultural identity in the West Coastal area of Sumatra. In general, this present study is intended to answer and explain the problems of the study formulated above.", "start_char_idx": 38, "end_char_idx": 3977, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8f99a87f-ee23-49d1-babd-5dde02878143": {"__data__": {"id_": "8f99a87f-ee23-49d1-babd-5dde02878143", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25279", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "hash": "89af03ee7f1b4b8d74d0eb44df15a216ae7131fc9f2a971519803b195829e7d3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "52870921-583c-4928-a021-9a80d9bcc444", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "hash": "ddd798a111da4cb4927e3d139ded80fb8b6a7feafdb732b829e457e6736894ac", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "888b7584-977d-4b7b-9d46-1aba64a5ede1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5d9d399f4a1a3a97c88f861fa98ed1a3ea4fe5a2d09e529cf390f3af2609e9b3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In other words, this present study is generally intended to 1) open the conception of the cultural aesthetical form which is used to reflect an identity and to tighten the cultural value of the West Coastal area of Sumatra; 2) analyze the cultural aesthetical function of the West Cultural area of Sumatra; and 3) show that art and cultural studies have not been taken into consideration as the territory of the plural local aesthetics and local genius in the academic world; the art and cultural aesthetical studies have not been used as the materials to explore in the Indonesian performing art.\nMETHOD\n\nThe qualitative method was used in the present study. The data were treated as realities; they were not eliminated and made to be in dichotomy based on their classifications; they could be obtained from different sources; they were field realities; the realities which were obtained from the previous studies; the reporting realities; the advanced technological realities such as internet, e-mail, printed media, television electronic media, radio, fax mail, and printed books and other realities. In research, they are all considered data as they are in existence with their realities or even exceed their realities (hyper realities). \n\nThe present study was conducted in the West Coastal area of Sumatera, exactly Bengkulu Province and in Pariaman, West Sumatra Province. The object of the present study is the tabut ritual.  There were several reasons why the present study was conducted in such areas. First, Pariaman and Bengkulu are the areas where the tabut ritual is performed in the West Coastal area of Sumatera. Second, Pariaman and Bengkulu are located in the West Coastal area of Sumatera, where the Syi\u2019ah Islamic followers live. Such an Islamic teaching was carried from Iran and was spread around by Sultan Alauddin Shah from 1128 to 1329. He came from the Perlak kingdom, Aceh. \n\nThe focus of the present study is the genealogy of the tabut ritual, the cultural aesthetics of the West Coastal area of Sumatera. It is inspired by awareness of the traditional value. Two theories were used; they are the theory of genealogy proposed by Michel Foulcault and the theory of deconstruction of postmodernism proposed by Jacques Derrida. Apart from that, this present study is a qualitative one in which the new scientific paradigm is referred to, namely, the cultural studies. What is meant is that this present study does not only explain the tabut ritual in the \u201cbare aesthetics\u201d about the real, conservative, positivistic and formalist ontology but it is also epistemologically packaged into a form of aesthetic discourse of postmodernism. It is highly recognized that the discursive and textual studies are under the linguistic studies. However, in this case, such studies are developed to explain cultural and art events. Therefore, the method of aesthetical discursive deconstruction of postmodernism, as far as the phenomenon of the existence of the tabut ritual is concerned, can be made to be parallel with the textual construction. \nDISCUSSION\n\nThe tabut ritual reflects the cultural aesthetics of the West Coastal area of Sumatra. Its genealogy, its types which were adopted from those performed in Iran such as takziah, hajleh, syiduneh, dugdageh, bagunan enam sudut, tabut Sungai Al-Qamah and Sungai Eurat, nakhl and their processions, and the commemoration of Muharram. The tradition of Muharram in Indonesia reflects what are referred to as kanji Asyura and tabut. The form of the textual construction of tabut ritual and the construction of tabut were discussed at the same time. Such a ritual starts from when soil is taken to when it is thrown away to the sea. The organology of the musical instrument and the accompanying music are made up of six gandang tambua which are opposed to what is called peningkah and pengiring, and what is called tassa as the rhythm bearer. The songs which are sung to accompany the tabut ritual are pangka lagu, lagu or maatam, and iqua lagu. Those who play the musical instruments and support such a ritual are made up of several groups of people which are referred to as saidina (saidi, sidi), bagindo and marah.\n\nApart from that, the phenomenon of \u201cart\u201d is the event in the discourse of the tabut ritual which is performed in the West Coastal area of Sumatera. It is a ritual event which can survive in the middle of its supporting community and satisfy a group of people.", "start_char_idx": 3978, "end_char_idx": 8418, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "888b7584-977d-4b7b-9d46-1aba64a5ede1": {"__data__": {"id_": "888b7584-977d-4b7b-9d46-1aba64a5ede1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25279", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "hash": "89af03ee7f1b4b8d74d0eb44df15a216ae7131fc9f2a971519803b195829e7d3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8f99a87f-ee23-49d1-babd-5dde02878143", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "hash": "e0f4d3d278f14a166e6e8e6f7ce5ea90d2a716358876d7ca791fea51640cfea5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "468eb4df-32a6-4b20-a3ff-841765d1a42c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e363a9965a6f291a11223dfe840d915c86fd834f22bf50d5af605f329b63c660", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In this case, such a ritual is performed to function in the structure of its supporting community. The deconstruction of such a discursive function consists of (1) the Instructional Function, Social System Strengthening, and postponement of Propaganda, (2) the function of the belief in and awareness of the humanistic rationality, (3) the function of the mythological existence as an attempt to unify ambivalence, (4) the function of ideological development, and disclosure of the aesthetic code, (5) the function of the event identification and the statement of the postmodern aesthetic discourse, and (6) the function of the purification and aesthetical statement of the community\u2019s cosmology. \n\nSecond, the construction of the function of the tabut ritual which is performed in the West Coastal area of Sumatera consists of (1) the religious function of the community supporting such a ritual, which is related to the purification of the soul; aesthetical motivation, mythological existence and the unification of ambivalence, and the purification and aesthetical statement of the community\u2019s cosmology; (2) the ideological function; it is described by relating it to the ideological development; (3) the tabut ritual is performed to express identity; its investigation is related to the Consensus-based Democracy; and commodification, authenticity, and traditional status; (4) Humanistic Function; the Social System Strengthening and postponement of Propaganda; and (5) the Function of the Identification of Event and Aesthetical Statement of Postmodernism; Hegemony, Postcolonial Aesthetic Patronage and Ethno-aesthetics.\n\nThe meaning of the construction of the discursive texts of the tabut ritual is made up of (1) the meaning of the development of the religious identity of its supporting community; the solidarity strengthening among its supporting communities; the politics of identity as the subaltern struggle; (2) the ideological meaning and the strengthening of cultural aesthetics; differ\u00e3nce, signification, logocentrism: the criticism which is addressed to the center and deconstruction of a solution; 3) the meaning of sacredness and the meaning of affirming cultural aesthetics; 5) the ethics of leaving home, the meaning of self-formation, building home village/town; 6) Shekh Burbuhanuddin is a deconstruction; 7) framing the cultural aesthetics of the people living in the West Coastal Area of Sumatera. \n\nThe novelties of the present study include all the problems formulated in the problems of the study; they are the form, the functions of the tibut ritual, and its impact and meaning on the traditions, and the religion and belief which are adhered to by those living in the west coastal area of Sumatera. They are not certainly included in all the epistemologies (especially the concepts and theories used) used in the present study. All the findings were chronologically arranged, so they are scientifically accountable from the perspective of cultural studies. The novelties are as follows; 1) the tabut ritual which is performed in the West Coastal area of Sumatera was a religious ritual performed by the Syi\u2019ah Islamic community; 2) it is performed not only to recall Imam Hussein bin Ali Abi Thalib AS, who was killed while fighting for the Islamic principles \u2018sahid\u2019 by the soldiers of Yazid bin Muawwiyyah as the caliph of Bani Umayyah in Padang Karbala on 10 Muharam 61 H (in 680), but it is also performed to glorify the descendants Khalifah ali Bin abi Yhalib. Such an ideology has been referred to since Nabi Muhammad SAW was dead; 3) genealogically, such a ritual was introduced by Syekh Burhanuddin Imam Sanggolo, who worked for Syekh Burhanuddin Imam Sanggolo from 1718-1719 and was a follower of the Syi\u2019ah Islam; 4) however, in Pariaman such a ritual was not introduced and developed by Syekh Burhanuddin Ulakkan; he actively developed Tasauf until he died at Ulakkan Pariaman whose grave was devotionally visited every month of Syafar; therefore, such an activity is referred to as \u201cbersyafa\u201d (bersyafar). Essentially, such a ritual has nothing to do with the spread of Islam by Syekh Burhanuddin in the West Coastal area of Sumatera; 6) the tabut ritual was not performed before the Moslems came to the West Coastal area of West Sumatera, that is, from 670 \u2013 730.", "start_char_idx": 8419, "end_char_idx": 12729, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "468eb4df-32a6-4b20-a3ff-841765d1a42c": {"__data__": {"id_": "468eb4df-32a6-4b20-a3ff-841765d1a42c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25279", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "hash": "89af03ee7f1b4b8d74d0eb44df15a216ae7131fc9f2a971519803b195829e7d3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "888b7584-977d-4b7b-9d46-1aba64a5ede1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "hash": "2be666eb4d84e83bee30f59361a71dbd2b6bccffd85457194644410aa0790f0c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "95a5fd61-c0fa-4e35-a4e9-faa14eabb850", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "983a7781416ab71dd43bea2e3d71e3485f402544d92b5998303c76497352e827", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "They introduced the Suni Islamic teaching rather than the Syi\u2019ah Islamic teaching. They came to sell their commodities to the native people. \n\nThe religious contact between the Suni Islamic teaching and what was adhered to by the local people living in the Western Coastal area of West Sumatera led to what is referred to as pengajian terikat and adjustments to the Minang customs and traditions. The introduction of the Suni Islamic teaching in the West Coastal area of West Sumatera did not threaten the local main foundation. It gave a new dimension and replaced the cultural element of those living in the Western Coastal area of West Sumatera in general, and those living in Pariaman in particular. As a result, Al-Qur\u2019an and Hadish are the highest in the community\u2019s life. In this context, the oldest of the Minang customs and traditions are what is referred to as Adaik basandi Basandikan Kitabullah. The reason is that there was neither paradox nor pattern of behavior between religion and customs and traditions; there was not any difference between what is referred to as adat nan sabana ada and religion either. In the tenth century the Syi\u2019ah Islamic teaching was introduced by the descendant of Imam Ali bin Abu Thalib; it directly got mixed with all the religions which had been adhered to before. The adjustments of the customs and traditions to such a religious teaching caused a social group to appear in the West Coastal Area of West Sumatera. \nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\nThe genealogical and deconstructionism of postmodernism studies, as a framework of references, will possibly can be accepted as deconstructing the cultural studies, and present the diversity in concepts and changes. Genealogy, poststructuralism, and postmodernism are importantly needed to construct the area of fully motivated dynamic intellectual discussion, create the intellectual issue and climate which characterize the movement of modernism to postmodernism in the contemporary world. \n\n\nAlthough the ethnoaesthetical foundation constitutes the development of cultural studies which is intended to straighten out the binary opposition of one culture against another as the dichotomy poles,  the perspective of colonialism and inferiority of the oppressed people, the essence is that the established cannons in the traditional world in general, and the traditional performing art in particular such as the tabut ritual  performed in Pariaman and Bengkulu, the West Coastal area of Sumatera, should be deconstructed. \n\n\nIt is suggested that the existence of the Tabut Ritual should be maintained as a cultural identity in Sumatera. The reason is that it plays an important role as a religious ceremony as well as an aesthetic expression which can give the feeling of beauty to its supporting community and spectators. It needs to be performed in the modern civilization so that its supporters still have a cultural identity and maintain their existence. \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n\nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank the team of supervisors such as AA Bagus Wirawan, Sulistyawati, and Putu Sukardja and the E-Journal of Cultural studies, the Doctorate Program, School of Postgraduate Studies, Udayana University for publishing this article.\nBIBLIOGRAPHY", "start_char_idx": 12730, "end_char_idx": 15986, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "95a5fd61-c0fa-4e35-a4e9-faa14eabb850": {"__data__": {"id_": "95a5fd61-c0fa-4e35-a4e9-faa14eabb850", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25280", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25280", "date": "2016-08-18", "file": "ecs-25280.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25280", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25280", "date": "2016-08-18", "file": "ecs-25280.docx"}, "hash": "1351b3510855d2eba3ecc56135a2b62957fcf8de7e2d83749988b22765346308", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "468eb4df-32a6-4b20-a3ff-841765d1a42c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25279", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25279", "date": "2016-05-09", "file": "ecs-25279.doc"}, "hash": "a2d5173bb55b5e3b932300f3dcf82d36317d3fe39eaae2876737afe249a2a027", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2230016d-a0e9-4f65-9d22-615d7ba47c51", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ca7b1d805f493feae587a77a178c06b6db74dc25d99a0aeb7112ff913dc19ca4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL CONFLICT BETWEEN KOMUNING TRADITIONAL VILLAGE AND BUDAGA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE IN KLUNGKUNG, BALI\nI Ketut Wenten Aryawan\nState Polytechnic of Bali\nProf. Dr. I Ketut Mertha, S.H.,M.Hum.\nProf. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A\nDr. I Nyoman Dhana, M.A\n\nemail: wentenketut@gmail.com\n\nABSTRACT\n\tThis present study discusses the traditional conflict between BudagaTraditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village, Klungkung Regency, Bali Province. The study is intended to (1) find out the resolution of the traditional conflict between Kemoning Traditional Village and Budaga Traditional Village which was dominated by MajelisUtamaDesaPakraman (MUDP); (2) identify the mechanism through which the decision was made by MUDP to settle such a traditional conflict; (3) identify the implication of the settlement of such a traditional conflict on the relationship between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning TraditionalVillage after the decision was made by MUDP. This present study is also aimed at finding out the picture of such a conflict between the two traditional villages. The study used the qualitative method.  The data were collected through observation, interview, library research, and documentary study. The theoretical approach which includes the theory of hegemony, the theory of mediation, and the theory of deconstruction was also used. \n\tThe result of the study shows that the local traditional law \u2018awig-awigdesapakaraman\u2019 could not always be used as a reference to settle the dispute between the two villages. Every attempt made by the MUDP in relation to the resolution which was proposed in the earlier stages was considered unfair. The mechanism through which such a conflict was settled was dominated by the MUDP and did not show any decision which reflected the principles of mediation. The implication of the settlement of such a conflict between the two traditional villages was that the relationship between them had not been in harmony.\nKeywords: resolution, traditional conflict, traditional village\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION \n\tThe scope of the present study is only limited to the resolution of the traditional conflict between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village, Klungkung Regency, Bali Province. The sources available and what was observed from the social harmony and internal conflicts among the Balinese people, an interesting fact, which inspired the writer to explore such a conflict, was found. On one hand, several researchers concluded that the Balinese culture have many local wisdoms which can potentially contribute to the social harmony, as stated by Robinson that the Balinese people are friendly and harmonious. However, many researchers also stated that the local wisdoms which contribute to the social harmony are only what are expected by the Balinese people both those who live in Bali and outside Bali. It can be understood that basically the traditional conflicts in Bali are within the context of fighting over the assets which a village has such as the cemetery and temple. Similarly, the traditional conflict between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village basically took place within the context of fighting over the asset they have, namely, the cemetery and temple. The settlement of such a conflict was dominated by the MUDP (MajelisDesaPakraman). The implication of such a conflict on the relationship between the two traditional villages is interesting to be explored in the present study. \n\tBased on the background of the study described in the background above, the problems of the study can be formulated into three questions; they are (1) why the settlement of the conflict between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village was dominated by the MUDP (MajelisUtamaDesaPakraman); (2) how was the mechanism through which such a conflict was settled for the parties that were competent in it so decisions were made by the MUDP; (3) what was the implication of such a conflict on the relationship between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village after the decision was made by the MUDP. The theories which were used to analyze the problems of the study are the theory of hegemony, the theory of mediation, and theory of deconstruction. \n\tThis present study was intended to picture and understand the traditional conflict between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village. Academically, it is expected that the novelty of the study may contribute to the socio-culture based sciences, traditional law and the dresta (tradition) prevailing in Bali in general and at Budaga traditional village and Kemoning traditional village in particular.", "start_char_idx": 52, "end_char_idx": 4754, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2230016d-a0e9-4f65-9d22-615d7ba47c51": {"__data__": {"id_": "2230016d-a0e9-4f65-9d22-615d7ba47c51", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25280", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25280", "date": "2016-08-18", "file": "ecs-25280.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25280", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25280", "date": "2016-08-18", "file": "ecs-25280.docx"}, "hash": "1351b3510855d2eba3ecc56135a2b62957fcf8de7e2d83749988b22765346308", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "95a5fd61-c0fa-4e35-a4e9-faa14eabb850", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25280", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25280", "date": "2016-08-18", "file": "ecs-25280.docx"}, "hash": "3490af8e6a7f09b514bcf2c860f10b110836aaba574d1906fd62f6e8cb747dd7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c57bf740-6169-4d2d-ae47-a268731bb132", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "87d54a4a8b98b003cdcbee383883046249d19bc4258b91be2fce5512e2fb0e7a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In practice, it is expected that the novelty of the study may be useful to the traditional village leaders and the governmental institutions. \nRESEARCH METHOD\n\tAn interview guide, an observational format, a documentation sheet, and a camera were used as the instruments for collecting the data in the present study. The object of the study was directly observed in order to obtain the information related to the problems of the study. The question and answer technique involving two or more people was also used to collect the data needed. Such an interview was systematically held and based on the objective of the study. The documentary study was done by collecting both the written data and the data in the form of pictures. The data were classified so that they could be easily analyzed. Various references, the result of the interview, and the result of the data which were traced were processed through stages of analysis; they are data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. \nDICUSSION\n\tGramsci argues that to make power eternal two things are needed. First, the things which can lead to violence; in other words, what is needed is the power which can use law enforcement. Such a thing is usually implemented by the State through its legal institutions such as the law, soldiers, the police and even the prison. Second, the other thing which is needed is the ability to persuade people and their institutions to be faithful to the ruler through education, arts, religions and even families. This is usually done by the civil society through its institutions such as the non-governmental organization, socio-religious institutions, and interest groups. If power is only acquired through the first, the result will be \u201cdomination\u201d; on the other hand, if power is acquired through the second through the institutions related to it, people will be faithful to the ruler, and this can be acquired through religious life, education, arts and even families, and the result will be \u201chegemony\u201d. As the traditional conflict between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village was settled by MUDP using pressure the result was domination, meaning that, as far as the settlement of such a conflict is concerned, the two villages were dominated by MUDP. \n\tBased on the theory of mediation, mediation involves a mediator, namely, the neutral party. In addition, in theory, mediation should be made based on several philosophical foundations as stated in the principles of mediation. One of such philosophical foundations is that everything which is discussed in the meeting held by the mediator and the parties that are involved in the conflict should be kept secret; nothing can be exposed to the public. In addition, the mediator should keep the secrecy of the content of what is mediated. The parties that are involved in the conflict should voluntarily come to the mediator that will mediate the conflict. Empowerment means that, actually, the party that comes to the mediator has the ability to negotiate the conflict and make the agreement it expects. The mediator is only the witness. Neutrality means that the mediator only mediates the process and the parties involved in the conflict keep the content. A unique solution is the solution which is made through the mediation process which is not in accordance with the legal standard; it is made through the process of creativity of the parties involved in the conflict. As far as the conflict between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village is concerned, the mechanism through which the settlement was made by MUDP did not lead to such a solution; as a result, the decision made did not reflect fairness for the two parties.\n\tAs a final conclusion, according to Derrida, there is neither single certainty nor single truth. The only thing which can be stated to be a certainty or truth is the uncertainty of game. Therefore, everything should be deferred while being free with differences. This is what is referred to as postmodernity, namely, the game of certainty. Based on the implication of the settlement of the conflict between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village after the decision was made by MUDP, it is suggested that the MUDP Bali should  nothave made the decision in a hurry. What is meant is that the decision should be deferred, and then the resolution of the conflict should be acquired through negotiations; in addition, the settlement should be amicably made by the two villages which were involved in the conflict in their own way without being interfered by any other parties including the MUDP Bali. That was not done by the MUDP Bali as the mediator, causing the relationship between the two villages not to be in harmony.", "start_char_idx": 4755, "end_char_idx": 9517, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c57bf740-6169-4d2d-ae47-a268731bb132": {"__data__": {"id_": "c57bf740-6169-4d2d-ae47-a268731bb132", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25280", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25280", "date": "2016-08-18", "file": "ecs-25280.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25280", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25280", "date": "2016-08-18", "file": "ecs-25280.docx"}, "hash": "1351b3510855d2eba3ecc56135a2b62957fcf8de7e2d83749988b22765346308", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2230016d-a0e9-4f65-9d22-615d7ba47c51", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25280", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25280", "date": "2016-08-18", "file": "ecs-25280.docx"}, "hash": "2d5522fd1ee85bbf06cc1fdc6c1ab9e79f3149ab6ead73df543a0a936852c57a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "110bf99a-b1dc-437b-809e-23d44baeefef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0ed4bc3f168e336124dbecdc3db1837f0521dceff7854c8ef9299fbb46650330", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\tBasically, the attempt made by MUDP to settle the traditional conflict between Budaga Traditional Village and Kemoning Traditional Village failed in the earlier stages. Such a failure could not be separated from the resoluteness offered in every attempt made to settle the conflict which was considered unfair by the two parties. The MDUP Bali considered that both the mediation and decision proposed by the two parties were the authorization or domination to it; as a result, it could make the decision, which was unfair, freely. \n\tThe mechanism through which the conflict between BudayaPakaraman Village and Kemoning Traditional Village was settled was still dominated by the MUDP Bali. In addition, the decision made did not reflect the principles of mediation, negotiation, and solution. The implication was that the relationship between the two villages was less harmonious. \n\tIt is suggested that the conflict between the two villages should not be dominated by the MUDP Bali. In the mechanism through which the conflict was settled should have referred to theory of mediation. The MUDP Bali should consider the implication on the harmonious relationship between the two villages after the decision was made. \n\n\n\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n\tIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank all the parties, which cannot be mentioned one by one, for their assistance in the forms of facilities and funding provided to the writer. \nREFERENCES\nABG. Satria Naradha, 2002. Seputar Desa Pakraman dan Adat Bali dalam Surpha I Wayan. Denpasar :  Pustaka Bali Post.\nBarker, C. 2000.Cultural Stsudies : Teori dan Praktek. Yogyakarta : Kreasi Wacana\nHadi, Sutrisno. 1993. Metodo Research. Lilid I. Yogyakarta: Andi Ofset\nKoesnoe, Moh.1979.Catatan-catatan Terhadap Hukum Adat Dewasa Ini.  Surabaya : Airlangga University Press.\nKoentjaraningrat. 1974. Kebudayaan, Mentalitet dan Pembangunan. Jakarta : PT Gramedia\nLubis, Akhyasr Yusuf. 2014. Postmodernisme Teori dan Metode. Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada\nMarzuki. 1987. Metodologi Riset. Yogyakarta: Gadjahmada University Press\nMoleong,  J. Lexy. 1989. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Cetakan I. Bandung: Remaja Karya\nMilles, M.B, dan Huberman, A.Michael. 1992. Analisis Data Kuaitatif. (Tjetjep Rohendi Rosidi). Jakarta: University Indonesia Press. \nNordholt, Hank Schulte, 2004. \u201dDes Adat, Desa Dinas, dan Desa Pakraman di Bali : Tinjauan Historis Kritis\u201d., dalam I Wayan Ardika dan I Nyoman Darma Puta, (ed). Politik Kebudayaan dan Identitas Etnik . Denpasar: Fakultas Satra Unud. Hal 15-59.\nRobinson, Geoffrey. 1955. The Daerk Side of Paradise. Political Violence in Bali. London : Cornel University Press.\nSudipa, I Nyoman. 2014. \u201dKemiskinan Dalam Perkembangan Industri Pariwisata di Kelurahan Ubud\u201d. Disertasi S3. Kajian Budaya Program Pasca Sarjana Denpasar: Universitas Udayana", "start_char_idx": 9520, "end_char_idx": 12377, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "110bf99a-b1dc-437b-809e-23d44baeefef": {"__data__": {"id_": "110bf99a-b1dc-437b-809e-23d44baeefef", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25281", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25281", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25281.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25281", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25281", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25281", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25281.docx"}, "hash": "e6a5c4973a76986957cf2f524fb99bda518a4a24c852b459cc269ddac26f607f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c57bf740-6169-4d2d-ae47-a268731bb132", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25280", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25280", "date": "2016-08-18", "file": "ecs-25280.docx"}, "hash": "ecc8d8e3b57d26968115606451bc3a362564d4f3ad609db07205746794f8995a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fb594386-c666-4171-9449-8bd71df76165", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "064da433d468cd7e490cd1f6f45237678f41414f59fa0a3c2b58b0ffc11c99b7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "BALINESE WOMEN IN DIVORCE AND ITS SETTLEMENT\n(FROM HISTORICAL AND GENDER PERSPECTIVES)\n\n\nIda Ayu Putu Mahyuni\nAA Bagus Wirawan\nI Gusti Agung Ariani\nNi Made Wiasti\nDepartment of History\nFaculty of Arts, Udayana University\ne-mail: sonic.hungry@yahoo.com\n\n\nABSTRACT\n\n\tCultural and structural injustice resulting from the difference in genre which has been strongly adhered to by the Balinese community has been responsible for divorce, its settlement, and its implication on the Balinese women in Denpasar City. This study was intended to deconstruct, anticipate and implant the concept of structural and cultural injustice resulting from the difference in genre. The data were qualitatively analyzed using the analysis of gender. The theories used were the critical theory of postmodern such as the theory of hegemony and the theory of deconstruction and the other critical theories which are relevant to the present study. \n\tThe result of the study shows that the divorce undergone by the Balinese women was the manifestation of the structural and cultural injustice resulting from the difference in gender. The decisions made through the traditional law and the Act Number 1 of 1974 concerning Divorce are still biased in regard to genre. The divorce undergone by the Balinese women affected the related families (the ex-wife\u2019s family, the ex-husband\u2019s family, and the other families related to them. The patriarchal ideology caused the Balinese women to be marginalized and subordinated and sensitive to both physical and psychological coercions. Economically, they were also neglected. The injustice in gender could also be eternalized through legal regulations. The Act Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage is still biased; it still refers to the traditional law which benefits men in divorce.  \n\nKeywords: women, Balinese women, divorce, gender, culture, equality and injustice in gender", "start_char_idx": 50, "end_char_idx": 1941, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fb594386-c666-4171-9449-8bd71df76165": {"__data__": {"id_": "fb594386-c666-4171-9449-8bd71df76165", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25281", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25281", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25281.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25281", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25281", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25281", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25281.docx"}, "hash": "e6a5c4973a76986957cf2f524fb99bda518a4a24c852b459cc269ddac26f607f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "110bf99a-b1dc-437b-809e-23d44baeefef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25281", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25281", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25281.docx"}, "hash": "50d6ccfe2219140b3af6d1c1cf7bd0bec6818f74bdae6352a884ba8ac278ff9f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "84587f69-117f-4006-a199-815cb3d8086e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "955a1cec0725ed959023d38cf6e5633c59ab5c51528b82ed3c2847614ef86796", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "INTRODUCTION \n\n\tGender is a concept which refers to males and females that are made to be culturally and socially different. Therefore, gender is created by man. It does not matter if the differences in role, nature and status between men and women which are created by society do not lead to inequality in gender. However, the fact shows that the differences between men and women have led to the injustice in gender such as marginalization, subordination, stereotype (being negatively labeled), coercion, and work burden (Fakih, 1999: 12-21). Gender is also identical with the patriarchal ideology which has been adhered to by the Balinese community which distinguishes men from women based on their roles, natures, and statuses. The patriarchal culture also views that men\u2019s value and position are higher and more valuable than the women\u2019s (Sujana, 1994: 51). It is this which has caused the women who are divorced to be marginalized and subordinated. In addition, they are also made to be sensitive to verbal, physical, and psychological coercions. There has been a recent issue which is supported by the number of household coercions that coercions have caused many families to be broken; and then, divorce cannot be avoided. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the problems of the present study such as why divorces could not be avoided by the women in Denpasar City, Bali; how divorces were settled; and what was the impact of the divorces undergone by the Balinese people? In this present study, such problems are analyzed from the perspective of gender.\n\tThis present study has two objectives; they are the general and specific objectives. In general, this present study was intended to deconstruct and implant the people\u2019s understanding (both the understanding of women and men) of the structural and cultural injustice resulting from the difference in gender. In particular, this present study was intended to understand and analyze what caused divorces to take place, what to do to settle it, and the implication of divorces. \n\tIn theory, it was expected that the result of the present study could enrich the treasure of critical knowledge in general and the cultural studies of Udayana University. The focus of the cultural studies is those who are marginalized (Mariyah, 2009: 4).In practice, it was expected that the result of the present study would make people, higher educational institutions, and those who care about gender keep participating in implanting the concept of gender.\n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n\tThe qualitative method was used in the present study. The research method includes the research design, the research location, data source, data type, research instrument, technique of determining informants, and technique of collecting data. In the present study the data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, documentary study, and data triangulation. The data were analyzed using the analysis of gender proposed by Harvard. The analysis of gender included activity, control, and significance (Trisakti Handayani and Sugiarti, 2002: 170). The data were also qualitatively analyzed using the theory proposed by Milles & a. Michael Huberman (1992: 15-20), including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.", "start_char_idx": 1950, "end_char_idx": 5213, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "84587f69-117f-4006-a199-815cb3d8086e": {"__data__": {"id_": "84587f69-117f-4006-a199-815cb3d8086e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25281", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25281", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25281.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25281", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25281", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25281", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25281.docx"}, "hash": "e6a5c4973a76986957cf2f524fb99bda518a4a24c852b459cc269ddac26f607f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fb594386-c666-4171-9449-8bd71df76165", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25281", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25281", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25281.docx"}, "hash": "b1470dd9a006a9c9947c3fbe51094c42e329d85b59007fd19a5b0062ee4b7764", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6bade77a-7fca-4fb0-afde-237b815f1703", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "44d59087c62cbf7a5f7afbe595bdf4844bfc143fa819ef742cf3f555cc610804", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION\n\tThe structural and cultural injustice due to the difference in gender has been responsible for the divorce undergone by the women in Bali. The divorce has also resulted from the coercion which is undergone by the women in households. Although not all types of coercions result from the structural and cultural injustice, the physical, psychological and being neglected are dominantly responsible for the divorce undergone by the women. Most of the victims of such coercions are women. The differences in role, nature, and status between men and women which are socially and culturally constructed have caused many women to be economically overloaded; they are negatively labeled; they have limited cultural capital, economical capital, and are sensitive to coercions. As a result, they do not have sufficient political capital for making decisions; they submit to their fates; finally, they are divorced by their husbands. Based on the theory of hegemony proposed by Antonio Gramsci (Barker, 2005: 467-469), an ideology can regulate and control the socio-culture. \n\tThe structural and cultural injustice resulting from the difference in gender is also closely related to the settlement of the divorces undergone by the Balinese people in Denpasar City. The Act Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage is biased and the traditional low is too. There are several legal regulations which can weaken the women\u2019s position. As an illustration, if one of the couple leaves their house for two years in succession without any legal reason, then one may divorce the other. However, if the wife leaves the husband, as what frequently happens, as a result, for example, of the fact that the husband has another illegal wife, then such legal regulations will inflict pain upon the wife. The injustice in gender may develop into a tradition, faith, myth, and a legal regulation. According to Derrida, the logo centric way of thinking should be criticized as it can lead to imbalance in the modern society (Santoso, 2003: 250-251). \n\tThe structural and cultural injustice due to the difference in gender is also closely related to the impact of the divorce on the families of the ex-wife, the ex-husband and the related families. In addition, the divorces undergone by the Balinese women can also affect the value of equality and the justice in genre. The ex-wife may also encounter structural and cultural injustice as a consequence of the difference in genre; her family and the ex-husband and his family may too.  The ex-husband becomes dehumanized as he eternalizes the injustice in gender (Fakih, 1996: 16). The ex-husband may feel that he has been wrong. The ex-wife may too if she cannot perform her responsibility as someone who is supposed to support the family financially. Both the ex-husband and ex-wife may also feel the value of equality and the justice in gender. The ex-wife can understand and implant the value of equality and the justice in gender in performing her role as she has been getting aware of her rights and financial independence. The ex-husband changes his way of thinking when implanting and understanding the value of the injustice in gender to appreciate the women\u2019s role in performing what is supposed to do by their gender.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\n\tFrom what was described above, it can be concluded that, first, the divorces undergone by the Balinese women resulted from the cultural and structural injustice such as the physical and psychological coercions and being neglected. Second, \tthe decisions made through the traditional law and the Act No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage is still biased in regard to gender. Third, such a divorce affected the ex-wife and ex-husband and the related families. In addition, it also affected the value of equality and justice in gender. \n\tIt is suggested, therefore, that the society, government, nonprofit organizations, and other organizations, especially those who care about divorce that they should continuously implant the gender-related concept through elucidation, seminar, integrated service, research and so forth. It is also suggested to everybody that they should always implant the value of equality and the justice in gender when they perform their gender-related roles.  \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n\n\tIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank head of the Bali Sruti Non-government Organization, Head of the Bali Apik Legal Aid, the Center of the Integrated Empowerment of Women and Children of Denpasar City, Head of the Women\u2019s Studies of Udayana University for the information provided related to the present study, and to all the informants for the information related to gender and divorce.", "start_char_idx": 5220, "end_char_idx": 9925, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6bade77a-7fca-4fb0-afde-237b815f1703": {"__data__": {"id_": "6bade77a-7fca-4fb0-afde-237b815f1703", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25282", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "hash": "d54aec79d25bf4b5aafa1ebb6cafeed0c32edfa905576c4229cfb2ae4336df1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "84587f69-117f-4006-a199-815cb3d8086e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25281", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25281", "date": "2016-03-18", "file": "ecs-25281.docx"}, "hash": "da3098af25c9df877508f5c124c8dead3824db63fc91f37a832ce40b787b1e1b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "62ad58c5-190c-481b-9666-4bb3879076b1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5d2094c15bd2ca963c02abbd95cd80381d05f31e47cb7ce51cc0ab0275db6a39", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RECONSTRUCTION OF WAYANG ORANG DARMA KERTI AT BATU PANDANG: A STRUGGLE FOR IDENTITY IN MATARAM, LOMBOK|\n\nI Gusti Ngurah Seramasara\nI Ketut Ardhana\nI Nyoman Suarka\nI Made Ruastiti\n\nTheatric Study Program Faculty of Performing Art Institute of the Arts Denpasar\ne-mail: aseramasara@email:com\n\nABSTRACT\n\n\tWayang Orang (the stage show usually with the wayang theme) is a performing art of which the characters are played by people. As a specific Sasak performing art, the wayang orang which is performed in Mataram Lombok, used to use what is referred to as Serat Menak as the story source. However, such a performing art was marginalized and was almost getting extinct. Therefore, the Sasak artists and cultural observers, whom were facilitated by UPTD Taman Budaya Lombok, did their best to save such a performing art by reconstructing it. The performing art which was constructed by IPTD Taman Budaya Lombok was the Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang. Such a reconstruction was made in the middle of the struggle for an identity of those living in Mataram, Lombok, who belong to different ethnic groups and religions. This present study was intended to understand the matter pertaining to the reconstruction of Wayang Orang Darma Kerti as part of the struggle for the identity of the people living in Mataram, Lombok. The qualitative method and the theories of deconstruction, multiculturalism, and hegemony were used to analyze the problems of the study. \n\tThe result of the study showed that 1) there was a desire to preserve Wayang Orang as a local identity, meaning that the desire to reconstruct it was inspired by the Islamic religious value and the Wetu Telu Islamic value; 2) it was reconstructed through several stages; they are observation, inventory, and classification; finally, it was decided to reconstruct Wayang Orang performed at Dusun Batu Pandang, East Lombok in which the puppeteers and dancers from Mataram, West Lombok, were involved; the puppeteers were gathered, the themes were composed, the performance was practiced, and the Wayang Orang was performed; 3)  the implication of the reconstruction of the Wayang Orang was that the Sasak ethnic group had an art identity, and religion and culture adapted to each other as the implementation of what is referred to as adatluwirgama, and the local people\u2019s prosperity became better. \nKeywords: Reconstruction, Wayang Orang\nINTRODUCTION\n\tWayang Orang is a performing art of which the characters are played by people. The specific Sasak  Wayang Orang used what is referred to as Serat Menal as the story source. However, it was marginalized and was almost getting extinct. As a result, the Sasak artists and cultural observers were facilitated by UPTD Taman Budaya, Mataram, Lombok, to save such a performing art by reconstructing it. One type of the Wayang Wong which was reconstructed by UPTD Taman Budaya Mataram, Lombok, was the Wayang Wog Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang. Such a reconstruction was an art activity done by the artists and cultural observers in Mataram, Lombok, and facilitated by UPTD Taman Budaya Mataram, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Such a reconstruction was done by the artists as an activity to resurrect the Wayang Orang Darma Kerti at Dusun Padang which became marginalized.  Such an activity was consciously done; it was planned based on the concept already made (Cassirer, 1970: 193). It was a product of the intellectual subjective way of thinking as what an artist understands that something can change from time to time (Purwanto, 2006: 3). This means that a reconstruction is highly determined by the way of thinking and the point of view of an artist which can change from time to time. As far as this present study is concerned, the reconstruction is defined as an activity in which the text of the Wayang Orang performing art was deconstructed. \n\tThe ethnicity and cultural diversity which are getting stronger in the current globalization era has led to the struggle for the Sasak identity.", "start_char_idx": 50, "end_char_idx": 4055, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "62ad58c5-190c-481b-9666-4bb3879076b1": {"__data__": {"id_": "62ad58c5-190c-481b-9666-4bb3879076b1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25282", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "hash": "d54aec79d25bf4b5aafa1ebb6cafeed0c32edfa905576c4229cfb2ae4336df1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6bade77a-7fca-4fb0-afde-237b815f1703", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "hash": "b8723b8a8abe88adefbaa8c0ccfa690bd13016186f50693eb45ce7c18d5514a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "278963f4-6b7c-4cfd-a872-2224f6d50a9e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a5f00b4dc09744b987c67dea956a2848f8e311bfb5bdb2f29d68fb105f9cad19", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The Sasak ethnic people who strongly adhere to the purification of Islam and are oriented towards the Syariah ideology consider Wayang Orang what is referred to as biddhah. However, those who are oriented towards their customs and traditions or the cultural identity consider that the existence of Wayang Orang should be preserved and maintained.  Such a struggle caused the Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang to be reconstructed and maintained as the local identity of the Sasak ethnic people in order to understand what peace and conflict were (Ardhana, ed, 2013: 171).  The problems of the present study entitled the Reconstruction of Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang: the Struggle for an Identity in Mataram, Lombok can be formulated as follows: 1) why Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang was deconstructed; 2) how it was reconstructed; and 3) what was the implication of such a reconstruction. \nThis present study was intended to understand why Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang was reconstructed, the stages through which it was reconstructed, and the implication of such a reconstruction.\n\nRESEARCH METHOD\nThe method used in the present study was the qualitative method with the approach of cultural studies. The steps taken were collecting the data, analyzing the data, and presenting them systematically (Bailey, 1987: 32; Silalahi, 1999: 6). The data were collected through observation and interview. In this way, the data gained were authentic and valid. Several theories were used to analyze the data. They are the theory of deconstruction proposed by J Derrida (Zehfuss, 2010: 190), which was used to analyze the plot and the text of the Wayang Orang performing art; the theory of multiculturalism, which was used to analyze the logical condition of the struggle for the identity of the people living in Mataram, Lombok, who belong to different ethnic groups and religions. \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION\nThe reconstruction of the Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang, as the identity of the Sasak ethnic group, was desired by the Sasak artists and cultural observers. Such a reconstruction was motivated by the cultural ideology, that is, the ideology to construct and preserve the Wetu Telu culture. It is a syncretized concept which can unify the Islamic religious teaching and Sasak tradition, as can be clearly observed from the Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang in which what is referred to as Serat Menak was used as the story source.  However, the Lombok society has neglected it; therefore, it was reconstructed with the theme \u201cJayengrana Merariq\u201d. It is the theme in which the Islamic teaching is combined with the daily Sasak customs and traditions. The merariq tradition, as a daily performed Sasak tradition, is a Wetu Telu cultural heritage which has been created through a historical process. The stronger ethnicity and cultural diversity has led to the struggle for self-identity. Those who strongly adhere to the purification of Islam and are oriented towards the Syariah ideology consider that Wayang Orang is biddhah. However, the Sasak ethnic people who are oriented towards the customs and traditions or the cultural ideology consider that Wayang Orang needs to be preserved and maintained.\nThe Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang is different from the Bali Wayang Wong. The dancers of the former do not wear masks and those of the latter do . There is a binary opposition in the Wayan Orang text reading in regard to the plot and performance. Such a binary opposition is shown by the dichotomy between the Pure Islamic teaching which is symbolized and played by the character Jayengrana, and the concept merariq as the Sasak tradition which is considered biddhah based on the pure Islamic teaching. J Derrida refers to such plot reading and performance as the deconstructive reading, as the essence of the binary opposition is the system of difference (Norris, 2003:9; Zehfuss, 2010: 190). Such a difference considers that the purification of Islam is more important than customs and traditions, meaning that purifying the Islamic teaching is more important that maintaining customs and traditions (Norris, 2003: 10-11).", "start_char_idx": 4056, "end_char_idx": 8274, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "278963f4-6b7c-4cfd-a872-2224f6d50a9e": {"__data__": {"id_": "278963f4-6b7c-4cfd-a872-2224f6d50a9e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25282", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "hash": "d54aec79d25bf4b5aafa1ebb6cafeed0c32edfa905576c4229cfb2ae4336df1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "62ad58c5-190c-481b-9666-4bb3879076b1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "hash": "07c8c4cbc40d06d2c82521c4a262d78f58a62f1ac84802a2cadd25df36b9aa67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b067f24a-8e99-463c-8438-6e8de6f2050d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "96d5f8d714c49592492bd1d26680cf82559b00505413aada63cc751987a6a2fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The group of people who intend to apply the Islamic teaching purely in Lombok feel that they are more important, have more power, and have the single truth, causing them to neglect multiculturalism and leading to hegemony. In the reconstructed version of the Wayang Orang, the sovereign Jubil is more dominant; he cannot accept Jayengrana as a follower of the purification of Islam. In fact, it is performed that Jayengrana considers that belonging to Pure Islam shows a wise attitude as it can accept the values of the area where Islam develops; as a result, Jayengrana can accept the merariq tradition in Lombok. \nThe Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang, East Lombok, was reconstructed through several stages; they are 1) the existence of Wayan Orang in Lombok was observed to identify whether it was feasible to be reconstructed or not; 2) the Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang, was decided to be reconstructed; 3) the dancers were gathered; 4) the persons playing the accompanying music were determined; 4) the performance was practiced; and 5) it was performed on the stage. The implication of such a reconstruction is that the concept of multiculturalism has been accepted; the reason is that the players of the reconstructed version of Wayang Wong are from different ethnic groups such as the Balinese ethnic group, the Sasak ethnic group, and the Javanese ethnic group. The values which are constructed are that the religious values and traditional values adapt to each other, as the Sasak identical form and the Wetu Telu cultural heritage. In addition, it also reflects conflicts and the importance of integration. The reconstructed version of Wayang Wong can support the development of tourism in Lombok; as a result, it can improve the prosperity of the Mataram, Lombok, and society. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\nAs far as the context of the Wayang Orang performing art is concerned, reconstruction was an activity which was done by the artists to resurrect the Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Pandang, which was marginalized and almost became extinct. Such a reconstruction was inspired by the desire of the artists and cultural observers to resurrect Wayang Orang as the Sasak identity. The desire to reconstruct the Sasak identity was motivated by the cultural ideology, namely, an ideology used to construct and preserve the Wetu Telu culture. The Wayang Orang was reconstructed in the middle of the struggle for the identity of Mataram, Lombok as a multiethnic and multi-religious society. The stronger ethnicity and cultural diversity in the globalization era has caused the Sasak ethnic people to struggle for their identity. The Sasak people who strongly adhere to the purification of Islam and are oriented towards the Syariah ideology consider that Wayang Orang is biddhah. \nThe Wayang Orang Darma Kerti, Dusun Batu Padang was reconstructed to 1) establish the Sasak identity which is dominated by the Islamic strength; 2) establish the religious and aesthetic values through the story adopted from what is referred to as Serat Menak; 3) such a reconstruction affected the development of the Sasak identity based on the religious and traditional values, and contributed to the Sasak ethnic people\u2019s prosperity. \nTherefore, it is suggested that the Wayang Orang performing art should be preserved and maintained as the specific Sasak art identity. It is necessary for the Sasak people to understand the reconstructed version of Wayang Orang as it contains the peaceful purified Islamic values which appreciates the truth and can exist with other ethnic groups and cultures. Such a reconstructed Wayang Orang gives information that multiculturalism is important, and that the hegemonic characteristic that a group of people is more superior to another should be eliminated through the story Jayengrana Marariq, which can accept the Sasak customs and traditions and do not contrast with the Islamic purification. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. Phil. I Ketut Ardhana, MA, as the supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Suarka, M.Hum, as co-supervisor 1, and Dr. I Made Ruastiti, SST., M.Si., as co-supervisor 2 for their motivation and cooperation during the completion of this study. The writer would also like to thank the E-journal of Cultural Studies for publishing this article.", "start_char_idx": 8275, "end_char_idx": 12642, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b067f24a-8e99-463c-8438-6e8de6f2050d": {"__data__": {"id_": "b067f24a-8e99-463c-8438-6e8de6f2050d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-25282", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "hash": "d54aec79d25bf4b5aafa1ebb6cafeed0c32edfa905576c4229cfb2ae4336df1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "278963f4-6b7c-4cfd-a872-2224f6d50a9e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "hash": "4982b65879e4a8a0c572fcb35ec1bb74b5f6151242d4cae7bbc6804dde227201", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fe10fd20-a159-491b-8a30-1df8cec55ff3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4191056ace1a567441e426de143e23cc04903bf266bb8e0e946564b97197bcd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The writer would also like to thank the E-journal of Cultural Studies for publishing this article. \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY|\nArdhana, I Ketut (ed), 2013, Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung, Sejarawan dan Budayawan Bali. Denpasar : Pustaka Larasan Bekerjasama dengan Jurusan Sejarah Fakultas Sastra Universitas Udayana.\nBaily, Kenneth D, 1987, Method Of Social Reaserch. London: Free Press.\nCassier, E, 1970, An Essay on Man. New York: Bantam Books.\nNorris, Christopher, 2003, Menbongkar Teori Dekonstruksi Jaques Derrida. Yogyakarta : Ar-Ruzz Media.\nPurwanto, Banbang, 2006, Gagalnya Historiografi Indonesiasentris ?!. Yogyakarta : Ombak.\nSilalahi, Uber, 1999, Metode dan Metode Penelitian. Bandung : Bina Budhaya.\nZehfuss, Maja, 2010, Jaques Derrida dalam Edkins, Jenny-Nick Vaughan Williams (ed), \u201cTeori-Teori Kritis Menantang Pandangan Utama Studi Politik Internasional\u201d. Yogyakarta: Baca. \noqeHowe", "start_char_idx": 12544, "end_char_idx": 13427, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fe10fd20-a159-491b-8a30-1df8cec55ff3": {"__data__": {"id_": "fe10fd20-a159-491b-8a30-1df8cec55ff3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29112", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "hash": "56b60297f8e72815cc4fec3590eff02b47aee9373a3a31d370654308f0165555", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b067f24a-8e99-463c-8438-6e8de6f2050d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-25282", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-25282", "date": "2016-06-09", "file": "ecs-25282.docx"}, "hash": "73206b98e2c45f31793414e1f3d54530efb6c76e7b2537fd702730ec4fd77b93", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bfeb493d-cffc-4a66-a9c1-25f1d8dad643", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "61dab2a8270e1cb7466b218c7b4f57cfda741753bd0e334312ca3a422ceb27f9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "LOCAL WISDOM-BASED TOURIST VILLAGE ORGANIZATION \nIN LOMBOK TOURIST AREA \n\nAny Suryani and Mohammad Irfan\n\nFaculty of Law, Mataram University\nEmail: ivan_mohammad44@yahoo.com\n\n\nABSTRACT\n\n\tThe development of tourist villages has created tourism-based economic activities, reducing the number of people who intend to move from the rural area to the urban area \u2018urbanization\u2019. The local potentials which a village has can grow and develop if the sources it has are effectively used to support the economic and socio-cultural growth and development. If the villagers feel that the tourist attractions they have in their village can improve their prosperity, they will be indirectly made to love their culture; as a result, attempts will be made to conserve and empower the uniqueness and local values they have. Therefore, they should be involved. In this present study, the Tourist Villages used as the object of the study is Sade Traditional Village, Pujut District, and Segenter Traditional Village, Bayan District, North Lombok Regency. \n\tBased on the empirical methodology and the qualitative approach used, several conclusions could be drawn. They are the traditional village should be involved in the management of the tourist assets, meaning that the local villagers, for example, should be actively involved in the parking management; the tourists\u2019 interests should be synergized with the local people\u2019s; proactive actions should be taken by all the stakeholders. The traditional law \u2018awig-awigadat\u2019 should be improved to support tourism; a good atmosphere of traditional tourism should be created; accesses should be made for the local entrepreneurs to developing whatever is needed by the traditional tourism. \n\nKeywords: organization, village tourism, local wisdom, culture, tradition \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\tThe traditional culture as a promising asset of tourism in West Nusa Tenggara has been deeply rooted in the local community. This can be seen from the fact that the traditional culture has been conserved and maintained as a culture which contains religious values. The traditional values are so highly appreciated and regulated in the form of local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019(the Sasaknese ethnic community knows it).\n\tThe development of tourist villages has led to the tourism-based economic activities. The local potentials which a village has will grow and develop if the sources it has are effectively used to support its economic and socio-cultural development (DamanikJanianton et al. , 2015: 16). If the villagers feel that the tourist attractions can improve their prosperity, they will be indirectly made to have the sense of belonging of and love their culture. In addition, attempts will also be made to conserve and empower the uniqueness and local values they have through their involvement. \n\tThe development of rural tourism in the traditional tourist area with its various tourist attractions can cause the tourists who have visited it to come again. The development of a tourist village should be based on the principles of the sustainable tourism. The development of traditional tourism should be used as an attempt to conserve and empower the unique local culture and local wisdom values which tend to be getting extinct resulting from globalization which has interfered with the rural life. \n\tBased on what was described above, this present study is intended to find out the concept of the organization of tourism in Lombok in general and the traditional tourism in particular which, in fact, needs to be improved as it cannot be separated from the traditional values attached to it. Therefore, great attempts should be made to improve the concept of the traditional tourism.\n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\tThis present study is an empirical one using the socio-cultural approach. The data were collected through observation, interview, documentation, library research, and questionnaire. \n\tThe data were collected through the following stages; (1) the data were collected, inventoried, and selected from the secondary sources and tertiary legal sources which are related to the object of the study in order to obtain a general picture of the research findings; (2) the primary data obtained through interview or direct communication with the informant and respondents were tested; the respondents included the community members and the leaders of the traditional villages whom were considered relevant to the object of the study in order to complete the analysis of the problems formulated in the present study. \n\tThe data were intensively analyzed during the data collection. The data were analyzed almost at the same time as when the data were interpreted.\n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION\n\tThe Sade Traditional Village is a Sasaknese Traditional Village located in Rembitan Administrative Village, Pujut District, Central Lombok. The village has been prepared and organized as a tourist destination since a long time ago.", "start_char_idx": 50, "end_char_idx": 4985, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bfeb493d-cffc-4a66-a9c1-25f1d8dad643": {"__data__": {"id_": "bfeb493d-cffc-4a66-a9c1-25f1d8dad643", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29112", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "hash": "56b60297f8e72815cc4fec3590eff02b47aee9373a3a31d370654308f0165555", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fe10fd20-a159-491b-8a30-1df8cec55ff3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "hash": "c6fc99658b39b956be147f7c5409bf02c130e83ad634ef10d19178da4bad7a76", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9a8b7712-47c0-4b61-b52b-f6f9deb0909f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3dad28b1977504d192a418a7e4001886ecaabe39193d3521427257095515c76e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The village has been prepared and organized as a tourist destination since a long time ago.  The local people have been aware that the village is designed to be a tourist destination; therefore, the village can be well organized. \n\tThe Sade Traditional Village has been developed as a tourist destination since 1975 and it has been reorganized since 1986. In 1988 many tourists visited it. According to a local tour guide, the number of domestic tourists coming to visit it ranged from 4,000to 6,000, and the number of foreign tourists visiting it averaged 3,000 in one month. The peak took place during the long holiday, namely June, July and August (Taufan, 2012: 32). \n\tThe local people are so aware of the benefit which they can obtain from tourism that they are open and welcome the tourists who come to visit the village. They prepare their traditional unique houses to be visited by tourists any time. They are allowed to enter and see the internal parts of the houses.\n\tBased on the results of observation and research, the organization of the concepts should be as follows; (1) the local people (the traditional community) should be involved in the management of the assets which are used to attract tourists; in this case, the people living at Sade Traditional Village should be actively involved in, for example, the parking management; the parking management should be organized based on the values which the law \u2018awig-awig\u2019 contains; those who are involved in the parking management should be equally paid, meaning that the income earned by someone should be the same as that earned by another. This can be possible if the retribution levied on the parking vehicles should be in accordance with the agreement made by the local people.\n\tSo far no regulation has been officially made which can be used as a reference for managing the parking-related matters. The local people should be involved in determining the concepts which the regulations should contain. In this way, the tourists who visit Sade traditional village will feel comfortable. (2) Their interests should be integrated with the local people\u2019s. What they need should be understood and agreed. In fact, they will contribute to the local people\u2019s prosperity. In this way, the number of people who visit the traditional village will increase. The local people should be friendly as one of the cultural heritages that they may not hurt others. They believe that this cultural heritage should be included in the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019. \n\tServing tourists friendly is one of the ways in which what they desire is synergized with what the local people desire. (3) All the stakeholders should take proactive actions. The local traditional stakeholders, head of the traditional village, its leaders and the local people should make the atmosphere at the traditional village well organized and cultured. Furthermore, such elements should support and contribute to the growth of the village tourism. \n\tThe access should be made available for the local entrepreneurs to develop what is needed by the traditional village tourism. This is important to reorganize the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019 to support tourism. The local entrepreneurs at Sade traditional village should be allowed to develop their access freely by the stakeholders by implementing the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019\n\tBased on the source published by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture (PemetaanPotensiPariwisataBudaya di Indonesia, Kemenpar, 2015: 18), as far as the intensity of the visits made by both the domestic and foreign tourists is concerned, Sade Traditional Village is the ninth in Indonesia. This fact shows that the village has things which are culturally unique and original. Tourists feel interested in visiting the village. It is the originality of its culture which requires that the village should be perpetually developed as a local wisdom-based traditional tourist destination. \n\tThe unique culture of Sade Traditional Village has been popular all over the world as it has been socialized through the electronic media and consumed by so many people, causing them to intend to see the Indonesia\u2019s local cultures. In relation to that, the local people\u2019s creativity to show their local arts is needed to contribute to the organization of the traditional tourism.\n\tThe outputs of the improved regulations which can regulate the traditional tourism legally affect the awareness of those who are involved in it. They will lead to different legal products which can contribute to the local people\u2019s existence. This can also cause the local people to appreciate the law which should be adhered to. If observed, the appearance of a legal product contributes to the better management of tourism. First, the access for the stakeholders will be guaranteed.", "start_char_idx": 4894, "end_char_idx": 9677, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9a8b7712-47c0-4b61-b52b-f6f9deb0909f": {"__data__": {"id_": "9a8b7712-47c0-4b61-b52b-f6f9deb0909f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29112", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "hash": "56b60297f8e72815cc4fec3590eff02b47aee9373a3a31d370654308f0165555", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bfeb493d-cffc-4a66-a9c1-25f1d8dad643", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "hash": "e35a6318c7fa79f3245a19fd325793fdee8f47afe697207707d031ca099f1366", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "18df0da3-9952-4f20-a974-2d8480ca4616", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "27971eae627fc9605a7e84105575c5ad42c00e21f4f3e769c93b7a4a0910bc25", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "First, the access for the stakeholders will be guaranteed. The present study shows that there is good atmosphere as far as the traffic of the traditional tourism is concerned; the local people friendly welcome the tourists who would like to see, for example, what the Sade traditional house looks like, how the floor is cleaned using the buffalo manure and so forth. \n\tThe other impact of the arrangement of the traditional tourism is that the location of the tourist attraction is well and neatly organized. This can be seen from how the parking-related matters are arranged after the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019 was formulated. The tourists have felt comfortable and the parking attendants cannot do what they like. The local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019 has been used as the legal umbrella for managing the parking-related matters. In this way, the traditional tourism can be sustainably managed which then can contribute to the local Sasaknese ethnic group of people in general and those who stay at the village used as the tourist destination in particular. \n\tBefore the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019 was implemented in the management of the traditional tourism in Lombok in general and at Sade Traditional Village and Segender Traditional Village in particular, the legal culture which supports the development of the traditional tourism was not well organized. The local people did not have the same perception and interest. Their daily activities were still inspired by the local legal norms. It is expected that the written local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019 can improve the local people\u2019s legal awareness of what to do to attract both domestic and foreign tourists.", "start_char_idx": 9619, "end_char_idx": 11254, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "18df0da3-9952-4f20-a974-2d8480ca4616": {"__data__": {"id_": "18df0da3-9952-4f20-a974-2d8480ca4616", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29112", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "hash": "56b60297f8e72815cc4fec3590eff02b47aee9373a3a31d370654308f0165555", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9a8b7712-47c0-4b61-b52b-f6f9deb0909f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "hash": "dc9caaced67e855cb3e01ed18b88d2c357a2d0511f4ef1089dba3b07ed00063a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c6b94052-282e-42be-8b4c-85e165c573ca", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0087283948b58f73b244dc82f5b063537ae6adc3b92eeddc53024bbc3d34b179", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION\n\tThe local people should be involved in the management of the tourist destination, meaning that the local people should be actively involved in the parking management. The parking-related matters should be managed in accordance with the values which the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019 they adhere to. They should equalize their income. The retribution levied on the vehicles should be in accordance with the agreement already made by the local people. \n\tThe interests of the tourists and the interests of the local people should be synergized. What is needed by the tourists who visit the tourist destination should be understood and will certainly contribute to the local people\u2019s income. In this case, the local should be friendly in all aspects.\n\tAll the stakeholders should take proactive actions. Head of the traditional village, the traditional stakeholders and leaders and the local people should create a well-organized and cultured atmosphere. \n\tThe existence of the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019 should be maintained. The stakeholders are required to play their role in maintaining the existence of the local community by enriching the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019.\n\tIt is suggested that the traditional tourism stakeholders should be synergized with one another in order to improve the services provided to both the domestic and foreign tourists. The good atmosphere should be created and the overlapping interests should be avoided. In addition, the stakeholders in general and the village government in particular should maintain and conserve the values which the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019 contains. The traditional values which are adhered to by the local people should be always referred to. In this way, there will be no gaps among the local people resulting from the misinterpretation of the local law \u2018awig-awig\u2019.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \n\n\tThe writer would like to thank the E-Journal of Cultural Studies for publishing this study and the other parties for helping its completion. \n\nREFERENCES \nAgus Sudono, 2012, \u201cWisata Budaya Sebagai Alternatif Pengembangan Pariwisata Indonesia\u201d, Jurnal Ilmu kepariwisataan Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. \n\nDamanik Janianton, dkk. 2015. Membangun Pariwisata dari Bawah. Gadjah Mada University Press.\nHadinoto, Kusudianto.1996. Perencanaan Pengembangan Tujuan Pariwisata. Jakarta : UI Press. \nKementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif, 2015,  Pemetaan Potensi Pariwisata Budaya di Indonesia, Kemenparekref, \nLombok Tengah Dalam Angka, 2015, Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat \nNuryanti, Wiendu. 1993. Concept, Perspective and Challenges, Makalah bagian dari Laporan Konferensi Internasional Pariwisata Budaya Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta : Gajah Mada University Press. \nPemerintah Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. 2012 . Profil Desa Rembitan Tahun 2010-2011: Author. \nPemerintah Provinsi NTB. 1989. Perda No. 7 tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Daerah Tahun 2013-2028: Author.\nTaufan, Naniek I. (2012),  Sade Bungin Sambori dan Tempat Unik Lainnya di Lombok Sumbawa. Bima, Badan Promosi Pariwisata Daerah NTB.\nWidiyanto, D., Handoyo, J.P. dan Fajarwati, A. (2008) :  Jurnal    Pengembangan Pariwisata Perdesaan. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Geografi UGM", "start_char_idx": 11257, "end_char_idx": 14471, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c6b94052-282e-42be-8b4c-85e165c573ca": {"__data__": {"id_": "c6b94052-282e-42be-8b4c-85e165c573ca", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29113", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "17732be55debadcb1cb07ac10f119af1ed18ae5b64f693324d7740ad808e735f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "18df0da3-9952-4f20-a974-2d8480ca4616", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29112", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29112", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29112.docx"}, "hash": "995b7cfcf5577c51e4b9d4456ca843b613b1f0d4effa11e3581fd88d49205974", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "88506a10-df3b-4357-9b84-368793acad38", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a5e2063025672c00e8951948cd2de7e946529cdc55d202b6ee86a893a2e4acd7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "SA NGAZA\nIN RELIGIOUS AND TRADITIONAL RITUALS \nPERFORMED BY THE NGADA ETHNIC PEOPLE IN FLORES\n\n\nMaria Matildis Banda\nFaculty of Arts, Udayana University Denpasar\nemail: Mbanda574@gmail.com\nI NyomanWeda Kusuma\nI Nyoman KuthaRatna\nPudentia \n\n\nABSTRACT \n\n\tThis cultural study was conducted based on the primary data kasa\u2019o (the traditional house bestowal of blessing) and wo\u2019soDewa (the church bestowal of blessing).  The study was intended to reveal the elements causing the oral tradition Sa Ngaza (TLS) in the traditional ritual \u2018ritual adat\u2019 (RA) are still performed in the religious ritual \u2018ritual keagamaan\u2019 (RKA), the function and meaning of TLS in RA and RKA, how it has been inherited. The study used the theory of formula, the theory of semiotics, and the theory of practice, especially the practice of capital. The data were collected using the techniques of observation, interview, and documentation. \n\tSa Ngaza is unique in regard to its pattern of formula in the same dimension in general and in the opening and closing formulas in particular. These formulas support the transmission of TLS, causing mori Sa Ngaza (the Sa Ngaza reporter) to be able to maintain the continuity of TLS and its growth in RA and RKA. The opening formula explains the identities of the characters. The thematic formula in RA and RKA reports different contents. TLS in RA emphasizes patadela (the ancestor\u2019s massage); TLS in RKA emphasizes the Biblical massage. The meaning plurality in RA and RKA explains the acculturative relationship between the tradition and religion. In this relationship there is a shift in the identities of the characters, sa\u2019o (the traditional house), and patadela. The hierarchy of leadership in the tradition and religion can save and hamper the oral tradition. Therefore, TLS can be generally inherited based on the role of leadership through families and society, religious institutions, and education. \n\nKeywords: SaNgaza, kasa\u2019o, Wo\u2019oSa\u2019oDewa, oral tradition of Sa Ngaza, traditional ritual, and religious ritual\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION \nSa Ngaza is one of the oral poems symbolizing the Ngada ethnic identity in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. It is reported in the traditional ritual related to the identity of sa\u2019o (the traditional house), ngadhuthe sacrificed pole symbolizing the male ancestor), bhaga (the house symbolizing the female ancestor).\nApart from being part of the traditional ritual \u2018Ritual Adat\u2019 (RA), Sa Ngaza is also developed as part of the religious ritual \u2018Ritual Keagamaan\u2019 (RKA). As an illustration, it is also developed in the church bestowal of blessing \u2018 wo\u2019oSa\u2019oDewa (WSD) ritual. WSD directly adopts the kasa\u2019o traditional ritual (the traditional bestowal of blessing). The peak of the RA kasa\u2019o and RKA WSD are performed using the enthroning symbol of kawapere (the shield, the thing against which one can lean) in the entrance of sa\u2019o and what is referred to as \u2018pintutabernakel\u2019 (the Church\u2019s inner part). \nIt is necessary to observe the relationship between tradition and religion by taking several things into consideration. First, the change which takes place in the verbal character of Sa Ngaza.Second, what is referred to as patadela in RA is replaced by the Biblical massage in RKA. Third, it is necessary to observe the relationship between tradition and religion whether the domination of religion over tradition results from either harmonization or disharmonization. \nThe problems which are discussed in the present study are: a) what elements cause the oral tradition of Sa Ngaza in RA to develop in RKA; b) what is the function of the oral tradition of Sa Ngaza in RA and RKA; c) what is the meaning of the oral tradition of Sa Ngaza in RA and RKA?; and d) how the oral tradition of Sa Ngazahas been inherited? The discussion is intended to answer the four problems above and how the inheritance of Sa Ngaza can be creatively and innovatively developed in RA and RKA. In theory, it is expected that the study can enrich the treasure of the oral traditional studies.", "start_char_idx": 50, "end_char_idx": 4068, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "88506a10-df3b-4357-9b84-368793acad38": {"__data__": {"id_": "88506a10-df3b-4357-9b84-368793acad38", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29113", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "17732be55debadcb1cb07ac10f119af1ed18ae5b64f693324d7740ad808e735f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c6b94052-282e-42be-8b4c-85e165c573ca", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "cd2bbed14d2cfbd1011400e6f2fef778427713b22eedd54eeadce4508a901f6a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "771981b5-9135-4ee5-a566-fd7dec01274b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0a85d45563784f548f4b007c42f09e68a2011ecf4cba8c785f9ff8a2cd5234ad", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In theory, it is expected that the study can enrich the treasure of the oral traditional studies. In practice, it is expected that the study can enrich the treasure of the Ngada ethnic people\u2019s knowledge of their identity as the traditional people and members of a religious community. \n\nMETHOD\n\tThe method used in the present study is the qualitative method focusing on the production exploration and the use of the map of cultural meanings. Therefore, the qualitative method used here highly depends on the quality of observation and the techniques of observation, interview, and documentation, meaning that the data which were observed are the primary data directly obtained from the field. The primary data include TLS in WatuWeaRA kasa\u2019o(the traditional house bestowal of blessing) in Wogoon 27 and 28 June 2012 and TLS. In RA kasa\u2019o there were 13 oral texts of SaNgaza (read: Sa Ngaza) made up of 5 Sa Ngaza reported by what is referred to as moringalu (the ritual owner), and 8 SaNgaza reported by wailaki(families of relatives) supporting the performance of RA.\n\nDISCUSSION \n\tEtymologically, Sa Ngaza consists of the word sa, meaning summoning, shouting out something, reporting, and the word ngaza, meaning name. Sa Ngaza is the poem reporting the identity of the mythological character and ancestor. It is orally reported in all big parties apart from in the rabaparty (the party held to celebrate New Year) and hunting \u2013 it is used to express appreciation to the ancestor by mentioning the most important characteristics (Arndt, 2009: 243); (Banda, 1996). \n\tThe opening formula of Sa Ngaza in RA contains the mythological character and ebunusi (the ancestor). In RKA the characters which are reported are EmaDewa (Allah Bapa), King Jesus Christ, Saint (the holy man) and the characters who are still alive on earth. The identity of the character cannot be neglected in reporting the opening of SaNgaza. Name is the recognition for humanity and existence (Danesi, 210: 146). As an illustration, the ancestor\u2019s name woe (clan, sub ethnic) TikoSawa, namely SawaPeraKela (SawaUlarSakti). Name is a type of special word which can be referred to in communication (Barker in Mulyana, 2005). From the semiotic point of view, it is interesting as it directly relates its owner to the culture in which he/she was born (Danesi, 2010: 145). In the opening formula there is a shift of identity from the mythological character and ancestor in RA to Saint \u2018Santo\u201d, EmaDewa (God), and the Church\u2019s hierarchical leader). \n\tThe thematic formula of TLS in RA kasa\u2019o (the traditional house bestowing of blessing) explains three important themes; they are kawapere (the shield, something against which someone can lean), the traditional house as sa\u2019ongaza (the house with a name) and paladela (the ancestor\u2019s message). In RKA wo\u2019oSa\u2019pDewa (the Church bestowal of blessing), apart from kawapere and Church as sa\u2019ongaza, the Biblical massage is also used as one of the three important themes. In the study conducted by Parry-Lord, it is stated that the formula system can also be found in the semantic structural level referred to as idea or theme (Lord, 1976: 68). Such a group of themes is also an important corpus for explaining TLS in RA and RKA. \n\tRA kaSa\u2019o is one of the habitus, where the reality internationalization and internality externalization take place. It is adjusted to the specific condition in which it is formed (Bourdieu, in Jenkins, 2010: 115), and such an attempt is consciously made in bheikawapere. It is enthroned at the entrance of sa\u2019o(the traditional house) and kasa\u2019o (the traditional house bestowal of blessing) and at the tabernakel door (the inner part of the Church). In RKA wo\u2019oSa\u2019oDewa (the Church bestowal of blessing) it is the new habitus.", "start_char_idx": 3971, "end_char_idx": 7737, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "771981b5-9135-4ee5-a566-fd7dec01274b": {"__data__": {"id_": "771981b5-9135-4ee5-a566-fd7dec01274b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29113", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "17732be55debadcb1cb07ac10f119af1ed18ae5b64f693324d7740ad808e735f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "88506a10-df3b-4357-9b84-368793acad38", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "b6e8db1c1635a63017c4ef465bdb179ab3b3017e6b29e450b1298ad44a34e03f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2d1b4a82-3f65-4a7d-a564-45fd97e68b50", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "85c244087a689b398c3571ccf19de668137057396049e7a843280352de18d51f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "In Sa Ngaza RKAkawapere is implicitly revealed as wipengatage go kawapere (in order to enthrone kawapere, kawapere kami noase\u2019e (kawapere against which we lean). From the semiotic point of view (Barthes, 2010: 3003; Hoed, 2011:45), the denotative meaning of kawais pot, the denotative meaning of pere is the shield; connotatively, it means the shield, something against which someone can lean).The connotation of kawapere has become a myth and even an ideology for the Ngadha ethnic people. An established connotation can develop into a myth, and an established myth can develop into an ideology (Barker, 2009: 74). This is symbolized in the symbol of kawapere.  Dillistone states that actually a symbol explains the collective awareness of a traditional community and religious community (Dillistone, translated by Widyamartaya, 2002: 196). Such a collective awareness can be observed in the change in function and meaning of kawapere, symbolizing the unity of anasa\u2019o (the owner of the traditional house) and woe (clan, sub ethnic) into the unity of the religious community within the Church. \n\tSa\u2019o(the traditional house) is the house which has name in Ngadha. It is different from baru (the common house) which does not have any name. Maintaining the traditional house is one of the physical forms of the attempts made to continue the ancestor\u2019s tongue \u2018tukumumumnungalema\u2019. According to Rolland Barthes, the production of connotative meaning explains the history of a sa\u2019o in the traditional domain in Ngadha. This concept includes the persistence of planning the personal and collective future (Bourdieu refers to group as class). One group in the social relation cannot be separated from another in the same domain in order to show its status, authority and legitimacy (Bourdieu, translated by FAuzi, 2009: 97\u2014100) which contains philosophy, history, moral values, ethics, religion, traditional law, social organization, literature, and aesthetics (Juweng, 1998: 169). Sa\u2019o as sa\u2019ongazais the traditional identity of the Ngadha ethnic people. The Church as sa\u2019ongaza is the new identity for the Ngadha ethnic people who are Catholics. \n\tPala dela (the ancestor\u2019s massage) in RA kasa\u2019o is revealed in all the texts, both Sa Ngaza which is reported by moringalu (the ritual owner) and wailaki (families of relatives) supporting the ritual. Wi mite mata raga witoro papa bhoko (maintaining the ancestor\u2019s prestige as DewaSa\u2019o) su\u2019u papa suru, sa\u2019a papa laka(we have to help one another), lobo papa tozotara papa dhaga (growing together in order to achieve what is aimed at) illustrate this. However, in RA WSD, the thematic formula presents the Biblical massage in Ngadha language such as :dheponono logo (trailing) the messenger \u2018Rasul\u2019, da dhepopataDewa Ana (following the massage of Jesus Chrisst). Patadela in RA is entirely replaced by the Biblical massage in RKA. \n\tThe economic capital (money) is needed for performing RA kasa\u2019o; the economic capital can be overcome if there are the social capital (the relationship with wailaki, mosalaki, the group of traditional leaders) and the cultural capital (the knowledge of the history of sa\u2019oand woe). RA kasa\u2019o is the habitus which has been internalized. It can be strengthened if there are the cultural capital, social capital, and economic capital in the traditional domain or religious domain. It is the balanced relationship between the habitus, capital and domain which can lead to the practice of kasa\u2019o (the traditional house bestowal of blessing) with TLS used as the reporting media in order to strengthen identity.\n\tWhat can be stated from the performances of kasa\u2019o and wo\u2019oSa\u2019oDewa are as follows. It seems that the position of patadela was replaced by the Biblical massage.", "start_char_idx": 7738, "end_char_idx": 11481, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2d1b4a82-3f65-4a7d-a564-45fd97e68b50": {"__data__": {"id_": "2d1b4a82-3f65-4a7d-a564-45fd97e68b50", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29113", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "17732be55debadcb1cb07ac10f119af1ed18ae5b64f693324d7740ad808e735f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "771981b5-9135-4ee5-a566-fd7dec01274b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "fba42cae9d7b8d34e5248da0e7f98bc5cf88f3f3aba505c0057223d080b9804e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ed10a87e-ad38-47d8-825d-45c39db12ab4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "58f3658b67eac59acc6ed1156db89d7d466dd8cac39e97333ce5703a86ac062b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It seems that the position of patadela was replaced by the Biblical massage. This justifies the opinion that enculturation frequently becomes a demand and has not expressed a fact yet, meaning that the deeper level has not been reached yet (Quack, Anton 1992, in Kirchberger, 1996: 157). What is global and what is local do not necessarily mean that they contrast with each other; in other words, they keep in contact with one another and lead to a number of possibilities (Putranto, Hendar, in Sutrisno, Mudji and HendarPutranto, 2005:255). It is possible that the traditional community pay less attention to rituals when they are searching out a new identity in Sa\u2019oDewa (Church). This condition will make that the Catholic which is adhered to has not become Ngadha Catholic as stated by Boelaars (1955) in his book entitled IndonesianisasidarigerejaKatolik di Indonesia MenjadiGerejaKatolik Indonesia (the Indonesianization of the Catholic Churches in Indonesia into the Indonesian Catholic Churches).\n\tThe focus of what is reported in the Sa Ngaza text is the glorification of ebunusi(the ancestor). It is supported by what is believed by the Church that respecting ancestors is not identical with idolatry (Jebatu, 2009). However, this present study also proves what is proposed by Kang-San Tan through Kirchberger (1995) as to the multiple ownership of worshipping ancestors and Almighty God. They need to be selectively observed through the planned inheritance system. \nConclusion and Suggestion \n\tFirst, in the opening formula there is a shift of identity from the mythological character and ancestors in RA into Saint, EmaDewa(God), and the Church\u2019s hierarchical leadership in RKA. The function and meaning of kawapere symbolizing the unity of anasa\u2019o (the traditional house owner) and woe (clan, sub ethnic) and the unity among people in the Church.\n\tSa\u2019o as sa\u2019ongaza is the traditional identity of the Ngadha ethic people and the Church as sa\u2019ongaza as the religious identity which all appear later. In the thematic formula patadela in RA is entirely replaced by the Biblical message in RKA. The attention paid to the traditional tradition in general and RA kasa\u2019o in particular tends to be getting weaker and the attention paid to the ownership of the new identity, that is, religion is getting stronger. Ana sa\u2019o (the traditional house owner) and the traditional hierarchy of leadership should have the cultural capital, social capital, economic capital, and symbolic capital to maintain the new identity.\n\tWhat is practically suggested in the present study is that the dhorasua tradition (helping one another with an obligation to do something for those who have done something for us) needs to be maintained as the implementation of the social solidarity in families. It is academically suggested that the oral poems and cultures should be explored from the economic point of view and the values and aesthetics of beauty point of view. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\tThe writer would like to thank Supervisor and Co-supervisors, the Rector of Udayana University, the School of Postgraduate Studies of Udayana University, the Doctorate Program of Cultural Studies, the Study Program of Oral Tradition \u2018KajianTradisiLisan (KTL)\u2019 the Directorate General of Higher Education, Faculty of Arts of Udayana University especially the Study Program of the Indonesian Language, and the informants. \n\nREFERENCES\nArndt, Paul.\t 2005.  Masyarakat Ngadha Keluarga, Tatanan Sosial, Pekerjaan, dan Hukum Adat  (terj.  Paul Sabonama). Ende: Nusa Indah. Maumere:   Chandraditya.\nBanda, Maria Matildis.  1996. \u201dTradisi Sangaza: Ragam Puisi Lisan Ngadha Bajawa Flores Nusa Tenggara Timur\u201d   Hasil Penelitian Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan Nusantara Jakarta.\nBanda, Maria Matildis. 2014. \u201cTradisi Lisan Sa Ngaza dalam Ritual Adat dan Ritual Keagamaan Etnik Ngadha di Flores\u201d Disertasi. Program Doktor Program Studi Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana Denpasar.\nBarker, Chris.  2009. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktek (terj.", "start_char_idx": 11405, "end_char_idx": 15403, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ed10a87e-ad38-47d8-825d-45c39db12ab4": {"__data__": {"id_": "ed10a87e-ad38-47d8-825d-45c39db12ab4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29113", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "17732be55debadcb1cb07ac10f119af1ed18ae5b64f693324d7740ad808e735f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2d1b4a82-3f65-4a7d-a564-45fd97e68b50", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "edc66d3d77f71b72ff53659165e7441602ea5fdb17a419b8fca1ae6677f6d48f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a1c93c4c-abfb-4b2e-85a3-5fc1aea98c35", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "40d59465d972930b65d2b290b02d3c4de799f640aeec62a2b2400b149b1efc57", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2009. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktek (terj. Noerhadi dan Sihabul Millah) \tYogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.\nBarthes, Rolland.   2010. Membedah Mitos-Mitos Budaya Massa Semiotika atau Sosiologi Tanda, Simbol, dan Representasi  (terj.  Mahyuddin Ikramullah). Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \nBenny, H. Hoed. 2011. Semiotika dan Dinamika Sosial Budaya. Depok: Komunitas Bambu.\nBoelaars, Huub. J.W.M. OFM Cap. 2009. Indonesianisasi Dari Gereja Katolik di Indonesia \nBourdieu, Pierre. 2010. Arena Produksi Kultural Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi Budaya (terj. Yudi Santosa). Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.", "start_char_idx": 15355, "end_char_idx": 15933, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a1c93c4c-abfb-4b2e-85a3-5fc1aea98c35": {"__data__": {"id_": "a1c93c4c-abfb-4b2e-85a3-5fc1aea98c35", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29115", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "hash": "01f124a7f69132d532ef44c30d90e2334990b75b9173f3b6a6bc3e17a2774755", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ed10a87e-ad38-47d8-825d-45c39db12ab4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29113", "author": "lenovo komp", "title": "ecs-29113", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29113.docx"}, "hash": "92801a4948f40a31532dca1193659d2b50802998e85fad3cde6d3b814bc5420b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bfa6e70a-721e-4cff-88fb-2ef3801939f1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2ac3bda258cf6fa45b0aa8508c3019f1aed51fc22c20e54fdb1474a28adbc238", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE WOMEN\u2019S STRUGGLE \nFOR THE POSITION AS LEGISLATORS IN BALI PROVINCE\nI Nyoman Sukiada\nStudy Program of History\nFaculty of Arts, Udayana University\ne-mail: nyomansukiada@yahoo.com\n\n\n\nABSTRACT\n\tSince the reformation era competition for the position as legislators has been getting open to women. Different Acts have been issued to increase the women\u2019s representation in the legislature. Although the women\u2019s representation in the legislature in Bali Province has not achieved the 30% target, the attempts made by women to be legislators should be appreciated. The reason is that such attempts can accelerate the gender equality in politics. This present study is intended to understand and describe the factors contributing to the women\u2019s struggle for the position as legislators. The study used the critical theory and the descriptive qualitative theory. The data were obtained through observation and in-depth interview. \n\tThe result of the study shows that women had competed for the position as legislators; however, the legislature was still dominated by men. This cannot be separated from the women\u2019s collective habitus which has been formed through their interaction with the Balinese society\u2019s objective structure as can be seen from the social, political, cultural,socio-economic and globalization realities. \n\nKeywords: Balinese women, reformation era, collective habitus, globalization\n\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION \n\tOne of the measurements which are frequently used to measure the participation of women and men in formulating public policies is their involvement in the legislature. Although there has not been any publication presenting the quantitative data on their participation in the selection and candidacy of legislators in Bali Province, the result of such a political process can be identified from the proportion of the membership of the Regional People\u2019s Representative Assembly at the provincial, regency and municipal levels. The women\u2019s representation in the Regional People\u2019s Representative Assembly as the outcome of the three General Elections conducted during the reformation era (1999, 2004, and 2009) in Bali Province showed that men dominated the legislature.  In 1999, in Bali, as whole, among 359 legislators, only 6 were women. Furthermore, in Jembrana, Tabanan, Denpasar, Gianyar and Bangli, no legislators were women; none legislators in the Regional People\u2019s Representative Assembly at the provincial level were women either. \n\tIn the General Election which was conducted in 2004 the number of women who became legislators rose; however, inequality in gender could be sharply seen. Among 385 legislators at the provincial, regency, and municipal levels, only 19 were women. The outcome of the General Election conducted in 2009 also showed an increase in regard to the number of women who were in the legislature, but the 30% target had not been achieved. Among 400 chairs in Bali, as a whole, only 28 were occupied by women (Bali dalamAngka, 2003: KPU Provinsi Bali, 2004, 2009). Based on the background described above, the present study was intended to explain the factors contributing to the women\u2019s struggle for the position as legislators. \n\n\nRESEARCH METHOD\nMethodologically,  this present study was designed to be a descriptive qualitative study using the approach of cultural studies. It is a tradition which is developed in the socio-cultural sciences which are fundamentally dependent on what man observes in his environment (Neliong, 2003: 3). The data were collected through observation, interview and documentation. The observation was made at the office of the Bali Provincial People\u2019s Representative Assembly and Denpasar Municipal People\u2019s Representative Assembly. Those who were interviewed were the female legislators, the political leaders and female figures. \nThe data were also collected from the related documents such as books, newspapers and journals. In the qualitative study, the most important sampling procedure is how to determine the key informant. The key informant is chosen using the purposive sampling technique. When the information needed is found not to vary any longer, no new information is needed, meaning that the data collection ends. In this present study, the snowball sampling technique was used to choose the sample (BurhanBungin, 2008: 53-54). \nIn this present study, the main instrument was the researcher. He was completed with a tape recorder and other note taking equipment. Such a model of analysis is proposed by Huberman and Miles (1984: 15-21), and is referred to as the interactive model, and includes three processes; they are (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and conclusion drawing through description and verification.", "start_char_idx": 52, "end_char_idx": 4788, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bfa6e70a-721e-4cff-88fb-2ef3801939f1": {"__data__": {"id_": "bfa6e70a-721e-4cff-88fb-2ef3801939f1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29115", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "hash": "01f124a7f69132d532ef44c30d90e2334990b75b9173f3b6a6bc3e17a2774755", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a1c93c4c-abfb-4b2e-85a3-5fc1aea98c35", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "hash": "6fa354f95c5cf4825ccab049d17d91eb13c6c2e82833e21cad30ec9c4bae99b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b6a2a03d-b049-461d-ad2b-b7eeea5e24fa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ff15702f13c5e92ec17c8add12d7fb50380d8292fa9ba0acad702d8ba8a6ad1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "DISCUSSION \n\tThe question raised by AniWidyaniSoetjipto (2005:22), namely, what role is played by women in the Indonesian political sphere is the question which frequently appears when the women\u2019s participation in politics is discussed. In general, the Indonesian women\u2019s participation in politics is still low in general and in the decision-making levels in particular. In other words, not many women occupy the executive, legislative, judicative positions. In addition, not many women are involved in the governmental bureaucracy, political parties, and other public life. Quantitatively, the women\u2019s representation in politics is still low. As well, the quality of the women who have participated in the political sphere needs to be questioned. There is an assumption that the role played by women in the legislature is insignificant. The State policy does not side with women; therefore, they are always marginalized and the participation played by women, especially those who understand the problems which the Indonesian women face, is highly needed. \n\tThe fact that not many women are interested in participating in the practical political sphere relatively results from the Balinese people\u2019s collective habitus role, namely women are born to establish families, accompany their husbands and raise their children (Harker, 2008). The fact that men dominate women in practical politics is referred to as the symbolic or intangible coercion by Pierre Bourdieu. However, the women are the victims of such a symbolic coercion never see and feel it; they consider it a natural thing (Haryatmoko, 2003: 12). \n\tThe perspective of the patriarchal ideological culture is one of the factors which contributes to the women\u2019s participation in practical politics. The patriarchal ideology highly dominantly differentiates men from women, causing them to be differently treated. The essence of the patriarchal ideology is that men are more important than women in every aspect of life (Mosse, 1996, Shiva and Mies, 2005. Atmadja, 2008). The practices showing that men are more important than women can be seen in every aspect of the Balinese community\u2019s life. In a marriage, for example, there is a general requirement that the husband should be older than the wife; the former\u2019s education should be higher than the latter\u2019s. This means that men should be better than women in every aspect of life (Atmadja, 2008). \n\tApart from that, the ideology of gender and the ideology that women are born to bear children cause them to be marginalized. The ideology of gender emphasizes the role of gender, namely women are responsible for managing the domestic sectors and men are responsible for managing the public sectors. The ideology that women are born to produce offspring through birth can be seen from the fact that the word wanita\u2018women\u2019 is derived from the Sanskrit word \u2018swanita\u2019, meaning \u2018female egg\u2019. The two ideologies do not only make women in the lower level of the social structure but also contribute to the distribution of power in household. That men have power over women/wives can be seen from the fact that men are family heads. Such a position is related to the attribute attached to men, namely they are active/creative, rational and cultural beings. On the other hand, women are passive, emotional, and natural beings. The idea that women are weak and emotional are reflected from the fact that they are labeled \u2018luh\u2019, \u2018belengih\u2019, \u2018cengeng\u2019 or emotional. Therefore, they cannot be referred to as leaders. Men are active, creative, and rational; therefore, it is feasible that they are referred to as leaders (Atmadja, 2008). \n\tBased on the information obtained by interviewing the candidates who were elected and not elected as legislators, it was identified that they had spent hundreds of million rupiahs on billboards, T-shirts, stickers, transportation, the costs needed to introduce themselves and their programs to voters \u2018mesimakrama/madharmaswaka\u2019, and on the contribution to their political parties for their candidacy. It is this which has obstructed the Balinese women from being involved in the sphere of practical politics. They are aware that being involved in the practical politics needs economic independence. However, the fact shows that the married Balinese women are economically dependent on their husbands, and the single ones are economically dependent on their parents. As a result, the Balinese women cannot freely participate in the political sphere; they should obtain approval from their parents (Atmadja, 2009).", "start_char_idx": 4792, "end_char_idx": 9340, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b6a2a03d-b049-461d-ad2b-b7eeea5e24fa": {"__data__": {"id_": "b6a2a03d-b049-461d-ad2b-b7eeea5e24fa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29115", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "hash": "01f124a7f69132d532ef44c30d90e2334990b75b9173f3b6a6bc3e17a2774755", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bfa6e70a-721e-4cff-88fb-2ef3801939f1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "hash": "00ec8ecc649979a28d5b85a871fb4898c77b301a94ca20d8daab4458afc30e19", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d4f6398c-d6a1-40a1-beea-cd5e4f77db7f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f2c882895d7a36248db211db01a4d84ce4ca642ad239e87214571bdf091c89ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Globalization with its different impacts such as the impacts of sciences and technologies in general and the impacts of the body management technology and domestic technology in particular contributes to the women\u2019s economic condition in Bali. Such technologies strongly affect the women\u2019s life. The use of different types of beauty technological products is intended to improve the women\u2019s value of self-performance and image so that they will look elegant both in the domestic and public arenas. Such a fact causes women to be treated as the object of the men\u2019s libido and power. This also means that the desire of looking beautiful does not only reflect that women do not onlyobjectivize but also reduce themselves, meaning that they are only beings of need (Atmadja, 2008: 14). \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\tThe limited women\u2019s representation in the Regional People\u2019s Representative Assembly at the provincial, regency and municipal levels in Bali results from different factors. The factors were identified in the Balinese women\u2019s collective habitus established through their interaction with the Balinese society\u2019s objective structure which can be seen from the socio-political, cultural, socio-economic and globalization realities. From such realities it can be concluded that the Balinese women\u2019s collective habitus is one of the things which obstructs the Balinese women from struggling for the position as legislators. To this end, it is suggested to the political parties that political education should be gradually provided to society in general and women in particular. Opportunities for being involved in the political party leadership should also be made to be more open to women. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n\tThrough this writing the writer would like to express his thanks to Prof. A.A. BagusWirawan, S.U., as supervisor, Prof. Dr. I WayanArdika, M.A. as co-supervisor I, and Dr. PutuSukardja, M.Si., as co-supervisor II for their criticisms, suggestions and supervisions during the completion of the study. A word of appreciation should also go to the e-journal of Cultural Studies, Doctorate Study Program of Cultural Studies, Udayana University, for publishing this article. It is hoped that it will be useful. \n\nREFERENCES\nBungin, Burhan. 2003. Analisis Data Penelitian Kualitatif Pemahaman Filosofis dan Metodologis ke Arah Penguasaan Model Aplikasi. Jakarta: PT Raja  Grafindo Persada.\n Bawa Atmadja, Nengah, \u201cGender dalam Perspektif Budaya Bali\u201d, Makalah dalam Seminar Gender dalam Perspektif Budaya Bali\u201d Kerja sama PSW Unud- Biro BKPP Setda Provinsi Bali, Denpasar 30 April 2008. Adian, Donny Gahral, 2006. \u201cGaya Hidup, Resistensi, dan Hasrat Menjadi\u201d, dalam Alfathri Adlin (Ed.), Resistensi Gaya Hidup: Teori dan Realitas. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.\n______________, 2009. \u201cMasimakrama Sebagai Kekerasan Simbolik dan Ekonomi Pada Pesta demokrasi di Bali\u201d, makalah disampaikan dalam Symposium Internasional Symposium on Cultural Studies Implementing Emancipations, Program Magister dan Doktor Kajian Budaya  Universitas Udayana, 27-28 Agustus 2009.\nHarker, Richard Dkk. (Ed.). 2008. (Habitus x Ranah) + Modal = Praktik Pengantar Paling Komprehensif kepada Pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra\nHaryatmoko. 2003. \u201dLandasan Teoritis Gerakan Sosial Menurut  Pierre Bourdieu: Mengungkap Kepalsuan Budaya Penguasa\u201d, dalam Basis No. 11-12 Tahun ke 52 Nopember-Desember.\nJenkins, Richard. 2004. Membaca Pikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.\nMeleong, Lexy J. 2002. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. \n\nMosse, J. C. 1996. Gender dan Pembangunan. Terjemahan Hartian Silawati. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.\nShiva, V. Dan M. Mies. 2005.", "start_char_idx": 9343, "end_char_idx": 13030, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d4f6398c-d6a1-40a1-beea-cd5e4f77db7f": {"__data__": {"id_": "d4f6398c-d6a1-40a1-beea-cd5e4f77db7f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29115", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "hash": "01f124a7f69132d532ef44c30d90e2334990b75b9173f3b6a6bc3e17a2774755", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b6a2a03d-b049-461d-ad2b-b7eeea5e24fa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "hash": "6cae785d16cc19200f9c633296d8ea4426c10ae09865a63b7c1fc7261c1b490c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "637a6daf-29c3-4776-aa7c-cd31d4d236de", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f07c49bc9424f1adadd87011ba929d6b838f1cf44165c0b3ee71f4e941b758ae", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Shiva, V. Dan M. Mies. 2005. Ecofeminism Perspektif Gerakan Perempuan dan Lingkungan. Terjemahan Kelik Ismunanto dan Lilik. Yogyakarta: IRE Press. \nSoetjipto, Ani Widyani. 2005. Politik Perempuan Bukan Gerhana. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas.", "start_char_idx": 13002, "end_char_idx": 13243, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "637a6daf-29c3-4776-aa7c-cd31d4d236de": {"__data__": {"id_": "637a6daf-29c3-4776-aa7c-cd31d4d236de", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29116", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "d928bf711d83c66b4ee35df24d190b678e3dcaee1c70c1575258e9441e6a0fe8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d4f6398c-d6a1-40a1-beea-cd5e4f77db7f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29115", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29115", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29115.docx"}, "hash": "74105ded140325df3181489168fc2559e2a28ea7546eca2b02894c23688f0dde", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f70d53ba-0e98-46bd-8294-69462bf85bb1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b504bf83effac8888fe2b03f0304e75aefc75232b418bac968328ed23f7928e6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CARTOON VISUALIZATION AS SOCIAL REPRESENTATION IN BOG-BOG BALI CARTOON MAGAZINE 2011/2012 EDITION\n\nI Wayan Swandi\nAA Bagus Wirawan\nI Nyoman Artayasa\nI Gede Mudana\n\nABSTRACT:\nBog-Bog cartoon was a mass media production which was rich in strong artistic and Balinese cultural values. Social changes cannot be avoided since Bali became a global tourist destination. On one hand, Bali cannot be avoided from being attracted by the global strength; on the other hand, attempts are perpetually made to maintain its cultural identity. The descriptive method was used in the present study, which was intended to explain how the Bog-Bog cartoon was visualized and what meanings were hidden in it. \nKeywords: Visualization, Cartoon, Bog-Bog Magazine, Social Representation  \n\nINTRODUCTION\n\tAs far as the Balinese culture is concerned, cartoon is not a strange thing as it cannot be separated from the traditional art of painting in general and the puppetry art in particular. Traditionally, in Bali cartoon is better known as prasi. The prasi pictures are painted on the palm leaf using a sharp knife referred to as pengerupak. In Bali the prasi art has been developed in Karangasem, exactly at Tenganan Pegeringsingan Village with the themes adopted from the Ramayana and Mahabrata epics. Klungkung has been popular for its Kamasan puppet since 17th century. The technique used to paint the Kamasan puppet is similar to that used to paint the modern cartoon pictures. \n\tThere were several reasons why the Bog-Bog Cartoon Magazine was used as the object of the study. First, it is a magazine which uses cartoon as the medium for illustrating the messages transmitted to the readers. Second, it is the only carton magazine which uses the Balinese characters within the local scope and national scope. The fact that it has acquired the Muri Award proves this. It has attracted the cartoon observers from the other countries as the image of Bali is so strong to the academicians and international cultural researchers that it has a relatively high selling value and bargaining position. This opportunity was used by the Bog-Bog cartoonists to work together with the global cartoonists in 2003. It has been the first cartoon magazine with the Balinese cultural nuance. \n\tThe other reason why the Bog-Bog Cartoon Magazine was chosen as the object of the study was that, ideologically, it activated, persuaded and informed things to people in a subtle and humorous way or using satires. In addition, the pictures it contained also represented the social phenomena in Bali. Every theme contained meaningful, real and complex massages. The concepts which the Bog-Bog cartoon contained had been well planned before. Then such concepts were visually presented and read by the public.\n\tVisually, the cartoon, as social representation in the Bog-Bog magazine, was the final result of the deconstruction of the form of the cartoon made by the cartoonists to carry the flag of the Bog-Bog Bali Cartoon Magazine. The Balinese traditional nuance concept consistently became the icon of the cartoon form every time the magazine was published, meaning that the attempt made to realize the image of the art work produced by the cartoonists that supported the Bog-Bog magazine showed the specific characteristic of the magazine. Therefore, this present study was intended to reveal the concepts related to the form and meaning of cartoon through the study which explored the whole process of creation, the contextualization of creation, the internal and external impacts and so forth. \n\nMETHOD\n\tThis present study which explored the Bog-Bog Magazine is an interpretative and descriptive study. This method was used to explain the visual aspects and meanings of the Bog-Bog cartoon as the Balinese social/cultural representation. The drawings which were published in the Bog-Bog magazine published in 2011/2012 were used as the data source. The data were also obtained by interviewing three cartoonists and the founder the Bog-Bog Magazine. In addition, the data needed were also obtained by interviewing several social observers who understood the function of the Bog-Bog magazine as the social representation. The study was conducted in Denpasar City where the magazine was circulated. The study was also conducted in the secretariat of the Bog-Bog Magazine. The data were analyzed using the postmodern aesthetic theory and the theory of semiotics. From the analysis, it could be identified that ideologically the visual aspect played a role as a medium which could reconstruct realities.", "start_char_idx": 50, "end_char_idx": 4609, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f70d53ba-0e98-46bd-8294-69462bf85bb1": {"__data__": {"id_": "f70d53ba-0e98-46bd-8294-69462bf85bb1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29116", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "d928bf711d83c66b4ee35df24d190b678e3dcaee1c70c1575258e9441e6a0fe8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "637a6daf-29c3-4776-aa7c-cd31d4d236de", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "b128803f634698a8d2b2b2e5f7fe64707bf1f85beb21915d68bb565eb2965590", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "66335726-040d-4d9c-9cab-1c4619be67f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1c7cd2c0d2a35a434f446ad014e489023f4621e6f5224c073aa228584acdf4a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\tIn Bali the cartoon world has been felt since 1977; it was initiated by a group of cartoonists who worked for the local newspaper \u201cthe Bali Post\u201d. The themes dominantly presented social criticisms with strongly humorous nuance on the Opinion page (the editorial cartoon). The Bali Post newspaper is the foster father of most of the current Balinese cartoonists.  At least it, as the biggest newspaper in Bali, has created the cartoonists. In addition, it has also raised them in such a way that they, including the Bog-Bog ones, have become independent. \n\tThe Bog-Bog cartoon magazine was firstly published in 2001 by a cartoonist who was born in Denpasar. His full name is Made Gede Parama Artha; therefore, he is often called Jango Pramartha. At that time he did not work by himself; he was assisted by two co-founders named I Gusti Putu Adi Supardhia who is better known as Putu Ebo and Cece Riberu. They worked as cartoonists. Since the Bog-Bog cartoon magazine was firstly published, the sales of the magazine have exceeded what was expected by the founder. Its national and international circulation has proved this. \n\tThe readers of the magazine can be grouped based on their ages, educational background, and economic status. According to Jango, the magazine is published not to be consumed by children, although it can be enjoyed by every family member. It contains social, political, cultural and art issues. The magazine is also read by different layers of society, starting from the common people, academicians, politicians, those who are involved in the non-government organizations and so forth.\n\tThe Bog-Bog cartoon is strongly characterized by the Balinese cultural characteristics which include the fashion system. As an illustration, most of the male characters wear head cover \u2018udeng\u2019, sarong, and frangipani \u2018bunga kamboja\u2019, and the female ones wear blouse \u2018kebaya\u2019, cloth \u2018kamben\u2019, and hair bun \u2018sanggul\u2019, In addition, their names are also adopted from the common Balinese idioms such as Made Bogler, Ketut Cenik and Kapler Kaplug. (See the attached pictures).\n\tThe character Made Bogler was painted by Cece Ribero. The name Bogler is derived from the word \u201cbogler\u201d, meaning \u2018tengil\u2019 or \u2018pecicilan\u2019. According to Cece Ribero, the character Made Bogler depicts the characteristics of the Balinese people who are funny, talk as they like, always show their teeth, and are na\u00efve. Ketut Cenik in \u201cKetut Cenik Learning to Dance\u201d was painted by Putu Eco and represented the Balinese young people who care about the traditional Balinese culture in general and the traditional Balinese dances in particular. The name Cenik is derived from an anonymous song which was popular in the past. The content of such a song predicted the changes which would take place in Bali, resulting from the arrival of the white people. Kapler Kaplug was painted by Putu Ebo depicting a specific young naughty man. Kapler was painted with the make-up which was similar to the make-up worn by Elvis Presly. However, Kaplug depicted a wise young man who was often involved in the naughtiness in which Kapler was involved. They were young men who cared about the matters pertaining to the social environment where they lived. \n\tThe discourse on globalization has been used as the great theme in the Bog-Bog cartoon. According to the informants, globalization has become the endless inspiration. It should be explored within the globalization context. Foreign culture is interfering and will interfere with the Balinese people\u2019s life. In an interview Jango told the social changes which were taking place in Bali as a consequence of globalization as follows. \n [The theme and general target of the Bog-Bog Magazine can be found in the word Glo-Bali-sasi which contains the word Bali. Basically, the theme which is understood by the common people is how we adopt the social changes taking place in Bali. From such social changes we search out what is unique which is then transferred through cartoon. As an illustration, golf can destruct us as it is played by a few players but it needs a lot of land\u201d].\nIt cannot be denied that globalization in Bali is enthusiastically welcome by people. In Picture 1 the word \u201cglobalization\u201d was intentionally written in red, indicating a condition in which we should be on the alert.", "start_char_idx": 4612, "end_char_idx": 8945, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "66335726-040d-4d9c-9cab-1c4619be67f2": {"__data__": {"id_": "66335726-040d-4d9c-9cab-1c4619be67f2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29116", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "d928bf711d83c66b4ee35df24d190b678e3dcaee1c70c1575258e9441e6a0fe8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f70d53ba-0e98-46bd-8294-69462bf85bb1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "2595fd661b4b9cebfce87b5257f202467fd42ada42ba939292a3b18ade83ecb5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9ced218b-c7fb-4d48-8228-304e1a439166", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b3cfd0862fc19090785a9d631a68d95e604eaa99fba7ff0fd2cac1c176fe39b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It also indicated a danger and reminded us that Bali had been exploited within the discourse on globalization. Under the word \u2018globalization\u2019 two people were seen to represent the local people who enthusiastically said \u201cYes\u201d (the dollar currency was the character). They were bringing subjugated commodities, implicitly meaning that they enthusiastically went up the economic ladder or the economic improvement.\n\n\nPicture 1. Globalization. Globalization in Bali was used as the theme of one of the Bog-Bog works exhibited at Freemantle Art Center in Perth, Australia. Such a great theme was used by the Bog-Bog cartoonists in Bali to respond to the socio-cultural phenomena in Bali. It was agreed by the Bog-Bog founders. Source:  Film Dokumenter Return Economic. \nThe Bog-Bog Bali Cartoon Magazine used \u201cGlobalization\u201d as its great theme as anticipation to the social changes which had taken place rapidly and massively in Bali. The reason was that globalization had changed the socio-cultural landscapes in Bali. According to Jango, Bali could not avoid the ideology of globalization, and the Bog-Bog cartoon should also be able to take the opportunity offered by globalization. As already known that the trap of the globalization ideology works through the changes taking place in the landscapes of the world referred to as the Ethnoscapes, Mediascapes, Technoscapes, Finanscapes, and Ideoscapes (Appadurai, 1990: 329-331). \nAs anticipation to the cultural change, the Balinese people welcome and adopt changes flexibly and selectively (Geriya, 2000). Drawing 2 showed two priests \u201cmangku\u201d who were reading holy books. One was reading the palm leaf manuscript and the other was using a tablet. Such a phenomenon showed that the Balinese people were in the transformational process; the traditional mechanical tool was being replaced by the modern mechanical tool. \n\n\n\n \nDrawing 2 Tablet Vs. Palm-leaf Manuscript (Theme Globalization). A social phenomenon of how a technology interfered with a spiritual activity which is generally conservative and traditional in nature. Source: the Bog-Bog Cartoon Magazine No. 5 Vol. 10 of 2011.\n\nDrawing 3 Milk-Coffee (Theme Globalization). Tourism was the entrance to traditional crimes in Bali; the black spot was the entrance to the airport. Source: Bog-Bog Cartoon Magazine No. 6 Vol. 10 of 2011\n\tThe globalized Bali attracts and motivates tourists to come. According to the Board of the Center of Statistics, the number of tourists coming to Bali in general and to Denpasar in particular has increased by four percent annually. The study undertaken by Amminulah showed that there was a correlation between the increase in the number of population and the number of crimes in Bali. Drawing 3 showed the checkpoint at the airport. An immigration officer was exploring what is referred to as Barong. Within the barong two criminals were found wearing the costume with black lines as worn by prisoners. \n\tIn 2013 the crimes taking place in Bali totaled 8,420, in 78 of which 83 foreigners were involved. The criminals in Bali are not only Indonesians but also foreigners. The black spots were the gates through which they could enter and leave Bali, meaning that they were trapped at the airport. One of the cases which was spotlighted by both the national and foreign mass media was the Bali Nine, namely the narcotic Australian syndicate that was caught smuggling narcotics.  The fact that there was an international syndicate that had broken into the Automatic Teller Machines in Bali for the last ten years leading to a loss totaling quintillions of rupiahs was another big case. Apart from that, Bali has also been the target of the international terrorism. Many studies have been undertaken to explore the correlation between terrorism and globalization. It was stated in the global research that the terrorism attack at Legian Kuta, Bali, in October 2002, was made by the international terrorism. \n\tGlobalization has also become the access to the international spread of crimes and narcotics. According to Findlay (1999:103), social changes result from globalization. As an illustration, particular groups of people are getting marginalized and this may lead to crimes. The same thing is stated by Harvey et al. (in Findlay, 1999) that \u201cglobalization creates new and favorable contexts of crime\u201d.  Globalization leads to the climate which can support crimes.\nThe Visual Presentation of Cartoon in the Bog-Bog Bali Cartoon Magazine Edition 2011/2012\n\tThe visual presentation of cartoon in the Bog-Bog Bali Cartoon Magazine showed that the norms of the modern and classical arts had been ignored.", "start_char_idx": 8946, "end_char_idx": 13587, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9ced218b-c7fb-4d48-8228-304e1a439166": {"__data__": {"id_": "9ced218b-c7fb-4d48-8228-304e1a439166", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29116", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "d928bf711d83c66b4ee35df24d190b678e3dcaee1c70c1575258e9441e6a0fe8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "66335726-040d-4d9c-9cab-1c4619be67f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "80dea4c19267fb6a6c5834f2d50c4cb64ec18de731bae70767ddf754c3aa10f1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ad7d59e1-937c-4169-b309-65636086c31e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0072f291d10a645b9467e83fc3ca44bef81fd06eda5f6b0e017c24ba95e64e3b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The aesthetic elements which were offered were vulgar, resulting from the impact of the postmodern style.  Baudrillard (in Piliang, 2011) stated that the postmodern art was vulgar and had lost its secret dimensions. In the graphic art, the visual presentation of a graphic work can be viewed from several elements such as the form, character, color, and layout. According to Lester (2003), as far as the cartoon characteristics are concerned, the important signs which are importantly needed to know cartoon are the frame, background, setting, characters, motion lines, typography and balloons. Such visual signs distinguish the classical art works from the modern ones. \n\tVisualization is the most accurate way in which something which is abstract can be made to be clearer. The visual presentation can always attract the reader\u2019s emotion and can help someone analyze, plan and decide a problem before comprehending it (Kusmiati, 1999: 85-86). Visually, the postmodern art works such as cartoon have made themselves different from the modern and classical art ones, as can be seen from the shape, color, frame, and different visual elements used in cartoon such as motionlines, typography, and word balloon. Humors in cartoon can be transmitted through drawings and verbal language. Although picture can present stories, the supporting factors such as the drawing panel and text cannot be ignored (Hidayat, 1998: 183).\n\tFrom the perspective of shape, the Bog-Bog cartoon can be classified as the cartoon shape which imitates the original shape such as human being as can be seen in the cartoon \u201cMade Bogler\u201d, \u201cKapler Kaplug\u201d, \u201cSalon Celuluk\u201d, \u201cMultitasking\u201d, Poleng Nomor 1\u201d and so forth. In addition, an animal was drawn in the cartoon \u201cMultiasking\u201d, a tree in the cartoon \u201cPohon Iklan\u201d (Tree of Advertisements), and inanimate objects such as cars drawn in the cartoon \u201cKemacetan\u201d (Traffic Jam). (Refer to the attached drawings!). The art cartoon is stated to be the postmodern work which is characterized as the work of imitation imitating the original objects (Baudrillard, 2002). According to Rose (1993: 29\u201430), cartoon is a parody using the imitating technique. As in the other postmodern works, quality is not determined by originality, complexity, subtleness, and the formal expression which is proportional to the content (Barker, 2005:57). Similarly, in cartoon quality is not determined by originality, complexity and subtleness either. \n\tThe drawings of the original objects are distorted in order to give humorous and parody effects. The distorted drawings visually criticize characters. According to Low (1984:728), such a distortion is representative and symbolic, and shows satires, smartness, and humors. It is intentionally made especially if cartoon has political content. \n\tThe imitated objects in cartoon are not only distorted but they are also completed with the line actions. Motion lines are the imaginary lines which depict the traces of the physical movements made by the characters. As an illustration, the motion lines in the drawing of \u201cSalon Celuluk\u201d gave trembling effects that expressed the feeling of being frightened as can be seen in the traces of the foot movements in the cartoon \u201cMultiasking\u201d, and so forth. Such motion lines were intentionally made in cartoon in order to give the exaggerated effect: \u201cNotice how the eyes jump from the face of the character and how the body is stiff. This is an exaggerated representation of a natural reaction we have in real life\u201d (Cabral, 2013). Such distorting techniques are parts of the parody elements which are not known in the fine arts such as the art of painting. \n\tThe drawing \u201cRadio Made Bogler\u201d with the theme \u201cRadio\u201d was a work with asymmetric multi frames. The same thing can be seen in the drawing \u201cmulti-tasking\u201d, and \u201cpohon iklan\u201d (trees of advertisements). In the classical and modern arts the single frame is the norm. The panel is used to maintain continuity and explain what is expected or what the following sequence (McCloud, 2002) is. Modernism trusts regularity and rational formalism. In the postmodern art work, nothing regulates the number of frames. Postmodernism neglects the social cultural construction or order which is rationally constructed by the postmodern way of thinking.", "start_char_idx": 13588, "end_char_idx": 17875, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ad7d59e1-937c-4169-b309-65636086c31e": {"__data__": {"id_": "ad7d59e1-937c-4169-b309-65636086c31e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29116", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "d928bf711d83c66b4ee35df24d190b678e3dcaee1c70c1575258e9441e6a0fe8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9ced218b-c7fb-4d48-8228-304e1a439166", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "4fc1e1f05cf4ec75c7184681de764fe535162ec87d861ec1783286d0e48bdd4f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "76c2b79c-c932-45c1-9418-39bc54ae3ee3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a56ed8a66c7bde01ea26c52a8d7009e0588ec94de36bb21eefe8bf52a04cabd3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The drawings of cartoon in the Bog-Bog Cartoon Magazine, except those in the \u201cKapler Kaplug\u201d, used minimal texts with a ratio of 90 percent visual to 10 percent textual. In the fine art, a text is only an addition; the strength of an idea is in the drawing (Gumelar, 2013: 72\u201474). The text in cartoon is written using the word balloons as can be seen from the drawings \u201cRadio Made Bogler\u201d and \u201cKapler Kaplug\u201d. Such a text usually constructs a dialogue between the characters in the cartoon. However, there are several texts which are not written using the word balloons as can be seen in the images \u201cMultiasking\u201d and \u201cPohon Iklan\u201d. Such texts are present to inform, express images or messages visually (Kusrianto, 2007:191).\n\tA text is used to show a dialogue between the characters. Some words are sometimes stressed or printed in bold or using specific typographic forms. The presence of a text using typographic forms causes the cartoon art to be difficult to be differentiated from the press. As already known that press is a mass cultural product. Postmodernism causes the boundaries between the great art and the popular art (mass culture) to be vague. According to Featherstone (1993), the permissive eclecticism and the mixture of parody, irony, the appreciation of what is seen in the surface without identifying the meaning and the decrease in originality are responsible for such vagueness. \n\t    If categorized, the Bog-Bog cartoon can be classified as strip cartoon, namely the loose (short) cartoon which is put within one box (panel, pen). The single frame cartoon can be seen in the caricature cartoon, humorous cartoon, and editorial cartoon. And the multi frame cartoon can be seen in the strip comic work. Unlike the classical art works which strongly maintain the structure, the postmodern works highly appreciate diversity, emphasize humorousness or parody. In addition, the latter is not a serious thing; it tends to present something which is broken rather than something which is neat and clean; it gives more emphasis on picturesque with slightly geometrically regularity. \n\tSimple coloring technique was applied to most of the Bog-Bog cartoons. The cartoonist only used the technique of degrading black and white, the cover was excluded. Black and white are known to be simple, causing the message which is intended to be transmitted to be clearer. In this way, the reader can easily understand the massage which the drawings contain; the heavy display is tranquilized and minimum touch is added. \n\tThe principle in cartoon is that the content is more important; therefore, it has to help the readers find what they want to know. The use of  black and white is intended to show that the focus is the function which is based on what is aimed at by the political, social and moral criticisms (Hidayat, 1999). In this case, the aesthetic element is not a priority. Therefore, according to Berger, cartoon cannot be classified as a high art product (Berger, 2005). \n\tThe media and printing technological development has caused the aesthetic elements to be reduced; as a result, taste and imagination are determined by machines and software. One of the sociological criticisms against postmodernism is that it does not offer any solution; it offers nothing new. From the aesthetical point of view, this can be understood from the fact that there are almost no measurements; moreover, it still owes to the classical and modern art theories. In addition, technologies make it possible for the cartoon works to be massively produced. The aim of the art works using repeated technologies of production and reproduction is the economic benefit (Featherstone, 1993). \n\nThe Parody Idiom in the Bog-Bog Cartoon Edition 2011/2012   \n \n\tFrom the aspect of its presentation, the Bog-Bog Bali Cartoon Magazine was more dominated by humorous drawings than the elements of words, phrases or sentences, indicating that the Bog-Bog magazine can be classified as verbal cartoon; however, the verbal element was not dominant, meaning that drawings were dominantly used to express messages and illicit laughter from the reader. In cartoon, the verbal elements represent speeches, and the humorous drawings serve as the extra lingual context of the speeches which usually show who the speaker is, who the addressee is (if present), the word spoken of, and the spatio-temporal setting which is related to where and when the speeches are uttered (Wijana, 2003: 10). The Indonesian and English words used to express messages in the Bog-Bog Bali Cartoon Magazine were short and simple.", "start_char_idx": 17878, "end_char_idx": 22460, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "76c2b79c-c932-45c1-9418-39bc54ae3ee3": {"__data__": {"id_": "76c2b79c-c932-45c1-9418-39bc54ae3ee3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29116", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "d928bf711d83c66b4ee35df24d190b678e3dcaee1c70c1575258e9441e6a0fe8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ad7d59e1-937c-4169-b309-65636086c31e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "1035eefecaf8eb5269bf477e9c8d35fa68d8650975f9b6631c0f7bcf70869384", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6b00a6a2-cf9a-4453-9ac9-768b9bee9ab1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d51dcf25ac49432710ef50911c220bbb3bbb4256a5aa4e1e39f9321147cc9daa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "As an art work, cartoon should also be assessed from the shape value and content value (Sumardjo, 2000:115). Although from the aspect of shape, cartoon shows a strong phenomenon of postmodernism, the content value appears more clearly than the shape value, meaning that the art of cartoon gives more emphasis on the significant shape than on the object of beauty. According to Bell (in Sumardjo, 2000:59), cartoon is the art of representation. The \u2018shape\u2019 in the art of representation is intended to evoke a particular emotion towards the information which is represented. According to Ajidarma (2012:18), the motion which is evoked in cartoon is the sense of humor (laughter) as the response to the parody element represented.\n\tParody specifically characterizes the style of the postmodern art (Rose, 1993:2). According to Hutcheon (2002:2\u20146), parody is defined as an inter-art discourse which is imitative and contains opposition or contrast. In general, the parody art expresses dissatisfaction, unhappiness, and discomfort which are related to the intensity of the past style or work which is referred to. In the graphic art such as cartoon, parody or humor is made through distorted shape, controversial value and the meaning of humor. Basically, the Bog-Bog cartoon relies on the parody virtue. \n\tThe form of parody presented in the drawing \u201cSalon Celuluk\u201d of the theme \u2018salon\u2019 combined several humorous elements such as contradictive and emotional effects. The contradictive element was made to be present through the creature \u2018celuluk\u2019 or \u2018pung\u2019 as the salon\u2019s customer who came for manicure and pedicure.  The element of being frightened was affirmed by the motion lines expressed from the faces of the mothers as the characters in the drawing. According to Freud (in Ajidarma: 2012), the elements of being frightened, tendentious, innocence, hostility, and sexual drive are the sources of humor. The relationship between the astral creature and human being shown is not unsual. In the theory of superiority and degradation proposed by Pluto, it is stated that the object which causes us to laugh is a funny, strange and digressing thing. \n\tThe parody in the drawing \u201cRadio Made Bogler\u201d was a topic of radio which emphasized the character\u2019s aspect of innocence. This drawing was designed with a plot narrating the character\u2019s growth (from childhood to adulthood) with a vague perception of radio and television. In this case, the plot starting from the phase of orientation, crisis and climax gave the reader\u2019s mentality to absorb the humor. The character Made Bogler was drawn with wide laughter using the distorted drawing technique. \n\tThe cartoon \u201cLayang-Layang\u201d (Kite) in the theme \u201cTopi\u201d (Hat) was originally adopted from a habit of the Balinese people, namely flying kite. According to Ajidarma (2012:25), a humor will be well accepted if it emphasizes the elements of originality and simplicity or if it is deeply rooted in the community which supports it; it should implicitly rather than explicitly satires something. As far as the cartoon \u201cLayang-Layang\u201d is concerned, it was a satire on impractical education. \n\tA humor can be made to be present from the domestic areas such as daily life. In the drawing \u201cMultitasking\u201d of the theme \u201cWaktu\u201d (Time), a humor was made to be present by presenting the habit of the Balinese people who have multiple lives in their professions. The familiar domestic areas which include cow, sickle, grass, and art studio represent the current Balinese culture in which the traditional life is mixed with the context of modernity. \n\tIn the cartoon \u201cPoleng No. 1\u201d of the theme \u201cPiala\u201d the humor was made to be present in the form of a joke. The drawing connected the Balinese people\u2019s belief with the sacred symbols expressed in their daily life.   The conflicts resulting from the harassment of sacred symbols by particular people often occurred.  However, in this humor the cartoonist still showed appropriateness to avoid the narrator\u2019s internal inhibition as to something which was forbidden in society. According to Wijana (2003: 12), a humor is a cultural code as well as a linguistic code which is only understood and can be defined by the society which supports it. According to the non-Balinese people, such a cartoon is confusing; however, the Balinese people, who are familiar with the philosophy \u201cskala niskala\u201d (tangible and intangible), can see the sense of humor the cartoon contains.", "start_char_idx": 22462, "end_char_idx": 26908, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6b00a6a2-cf9a-4453-9ac9-768b9bee9ab1": {"__data__": {"id_": "6b00a6a2-cf9a-4453-9ac9-768b9bee9ab1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29116", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "d928bf711d83c66b4ee35df24d190b678e3dcaee1c70c1575258e9441e6a0fe8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "76c2b79c-c932-45c1-9418-39bc54ae3ee3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "d83072fa7252dff423449a281d1dae7a1acffdb172a8c46e61cff8320277833d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bedc103e-d3b3-4500-961c-ef7556df12bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3af03e185944d4c13b7b18b5fb6617fe23ca1b6d26afe62730affcaedacbbb68", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "According to Freud (in Ajidarma, 2012:10), a humor indicates the unconscious material repression and sublimation. This cannot be separated from the mechanism of internal sensor resulting from being frightened of the reaction of the others who are surprised at hearing or viewing a joke.  Apart from that, every character is drawn with serious expressions leading to the atmosphere which is full of prejudices and tensions. According to Kostler (in Ajidarma, 2012: 14), the dramatic elements such as prejudice and tension can multiply laughers. \n\tA humor can appear from a daily thing which is very close and familiar to society. In the drawing \u2018staples versus lidi (palm leaf rid) of the theme \u2018globalization\u2019 was a slight but serious joke as far as the pragmatism in Bali is concerned. The humor in this drawing was the situational humor in which there was a talk quoted from an event. The activity of \u2018mebanten\u2019 (offering things to Gods, ancestors and other spirits) is a daily activity of the Balinese women. The comparison of the staples to the palm leaf rid \u2018lidi\u2019 was the vocal point of the message of the joke which was intended to create. In the theory of dissociation proposed by Koestler, it is stated that the source of a humor the incongruity between a concept and a reality. This can be seen from the drawing \u2018layangan\u2019 (kite) of the theme \u2018topi\u2019 (hat). The parody which is adopted from the existing works is intended to make fun of things (Pramayoza, 2013: 201). \n\tThe social context can be developed using the value of a humor. The talk taking place at a food stall, and the gossip made by the housewives and so forth can give endless inspirations. The social context which was presented at the cartoon \u201cKapler-Kapluk\u201d represented the people\u2019s intimacy referred to as the \u2018banjar\u2019 environment. The humor in the cartoon \u201cKapler Kapluk\u201d focused on the exchange for ideas among leaders. The drawing was supported by a dialogue in which HIV/AIDS was discussed as a serious issue. \n\tA humor can come from a conflict between what is expected and what is real (Ajidarma, 2012: 31). The parody \u201cBurger Babi Guling\u201d (Roasted Pig Burger) showed a surprise; the reader felt something strange that there was a very big burger with a roasted pig in it. Koestler and Schopenheur (in Ajidarma, 2012: 32) state that the sense of humor can appear when what is caught by the five senses is not connected with the abstract knowledge of it. \n\tAn irony can lead to laughter. This can be seen from the theme \u2018pohon\u2019 (tree) in the cartoon \u201cPohon Iklan\u201d (Tree of Advertisement). A tree symbolizes a fresh natural life; therefore, the advertisement which was installed on the tree was an irony. This cartoon was a real social criticism.  As far as the Balinese context is concerned, such an irony was a paradox. The reason is that Trihitakarana, one of the Balinese local wisdoms, teaches that we should maintain the harmonious relation between man and his fellow-creatures, including trees. The essence of the sense of humor which this cartoon contained was situated on the ironic side that such an advertisement was not installed by a corporation but by those who probably lived close to the tree. The reason was that it contained common domestic issues. \n\tIn the events which describe tensions such as the political tensions, the cartoonist uses this material as the material for creating humors (humors which can calm tensions). According to Kritchtafovitch (2005) and Ajidarma (2012), the element of tensions in politics is the source of humors, as illustrated by the revelation of the conflict within oneself. The humor in the cartoon \u201cSuasana Pemilu\u201d (the Atmosphere of General Election) of the theme \u201cRumah Sakit\u201d (Hospital) was an attempt made to calm tensions and pressures through laughter. According to Kant in his book entitled \u201cCritique of Judgment\u201d (1892), laughter can appear from the tension which is transformed into nothing: \u201c\u2026 laughter is affection arising from the sudden transformation of a strained expectation into nothing\u201d (Ajidarma, 2012: 36). \n\tThe urban problems can be the sources of actual humors and are frequently talked about. One of such problems is the traffic jam.", "start_char_idx": 26911, "end_char_idx": 31101, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bedc103e-d3b3-4500-961c-ef7556df12bc": {"__data__": {"id_": "bedc103e-d3b3-4500-961c-ef7556df12bc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-29116", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "d928bf711d83c66b4ee35df24d190b678e3dcaee1c70c1575258e9441e6a0fe8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6b00a6a2-cf9a-4453-9ac9-768b9bee9ab1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "332d32cabe68fbc8bffae7d2fb057eb0fb440cf625bd8260268621c77776f81f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e5a24ca1-c608-49c5-9feb-231de094cef1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "338e248d70da68be28813b24fd4f86d471e6fabbd7208808b9ae6ed5f13c7ad2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "One of such problems is the traffic jam. The recent traffic jams taking place in South Bali was presented as the centers of traffic jams. The parody which was presented in the drawing \u201cKemacetan\u201d (Traffic Jam) of the theme \u201cMobil\u201d (Car) was a tragedy. A tragedy is an impulse which inspires the sense of humor. In the drawing the character was seen to show being under pressure, worried and confused. The logic was that \u201cdaripada pusing mari kita metertawakannya\u201d (Laughing at it is better than being confused). \u201cWhen people feel shock, horror, or disgusted, it is difficult to laugh\u201d. Gerald Coffee, a researcher, investigated the Americans whom were detained in the Vietnamese camps. He stated that they laughed at themselves to maintain their mental and physical health.\n\u201cLaughter sets the spirit free through even the most tragic circumstances. It helps us shake our heads clear, get our feet back under us and restore our sense of balance. Humor is integral to our peace of mind and our ability to go beyond survival\u201d (Association for Applied and Therapeutic Humor, 2001).  \n\nThe narsistic nature of the modern society was used as the parody in the cartoon \u201cCCTV\u201d of the theme \u201cCamera\u201d. Life style and actual phenomena attract the public attention. The cartoon caught the euphoria the people\u2019s \u201ccoquettishness\u201d to appear on the television media and other social media. According to Martin and Shiota (in Ajidarma, 2012:39), such a social humor is enjoyed by people as they can currently feel such a mental experience. The phenomenon of selfie, namely taking pictures of one\u2019s self to be uploaded on the social media is a social happiness in the framework of celebrating a new era, namely the era of the media technological development. \n\n\n\n\nConclusions \n\n\tThe attention paid by the Bog-Bog Cartoon Magazine to the impact of globalization on the Balinese social order and culture made it a social representation. Globalization was used by the Bog-Bog cartoonists to inspire their works. Ideologically, globalization changed the Balinese landscape, indicated by the spread of technologies and foreign cultures.\n\tVisually, the Bog-Bog cartoon presented a new art style, namely the postmodern style, indicated by degradation of meaning, imitated works, emphasis on the content rather than on the structure, being vulgar and so forth. Specifically, cartoon could package massages in the form of humors. The Bog-Bog cartoon was the work which was characterized by the Balinese cultural value and express critical criticisms using parodies and satires.", "start_char_idx": 31061, "end_char_idx": 33611, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e5a24ca1-c608-49c5-9feb-231de094cef1": {"__data__": {"id_": "e5a24ca1-c608-49c5-9feb-231de094cef1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32122", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "1d2f028f0c466d3352e7140921024f26204b257786ee5d8c955e138ae845429c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bedc103e-d3b3-4500-961c-ef7556df12bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-29116", "author": "user", "title": "ecs-29116", "date": "2017-03-17", "file": "ecs-29116.docx"}, "hash": "0e5c66fcf727ec638e42c035143c23b9d37fb9060b3d1e7962163d29deb69d27", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "363ffcbc-1a60-4516-bb27-0bbb7f3f97dd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "afa80cb1e674959ecb66d355c76b83b138d455c2ffc4ee751ba9fcacec099368", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Ketut Muka 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \n \n\nINNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE \nGLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR \n\n \nI Ketut Muka Pendet \n\nI Ketut Ardhana \nI Nyoman Suarka \n\nI Gede Arya Sugiartha \ne-mail: iketutmuka14@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Nowadays the process through which the sandstone craft products are produced at \nNorth Singapadu Village has changed. The appearance of different types of popular \nsandstone craft products reflecting the local identity produced by the young craftsmen at \nNorth Singapadu Village shows this. Such products are different from the traditional \nsandstone craft ones in terms of form and aesthetic style. Globalization, ideology and \ntechnology have basically led to the change. The sandstone industry has become highly \ninnovative. This present study uses the qualitative and interpretative method and the theories \nused are the theory of acculturation, the theory of deconstruction, and the theory of \npostmodern aesthetics.  \n  The conclusion of the present study is that the form and process of innovation initially \nresulted from new ideas and concepts and the craftsmen\u2019s paradigm. The main things which \nhave been responsible for changing the traditional way of life into the modern way of life are \nformal education, tourism and modern technologies. Those who are positively and negatively \naffected by globalization are not only the capital owners and craftsmen but the villagers and \nconsumers as well. The sandstone craft products at North Singapadu Village contain the \nmeaning of creativity, the economic meaning, the commodificative meaning and the meaning \nof cultural change. The finding of the study shows that the craftsmen at North Singapadu \nVillage have ignored the traditional concepts, the technique of producing the products, and \nthe materials used. However, the sandstone craft products at North Singapadu Village do not \nget extinct but remain to exist and both domestic and foreign consumers are interested in \nthem.  \n \nKeywords: sandstone craft product, globalization, commodification, postmodern aesthetics.  \n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n In Gianyar Regency many cultural and art heritages have been discovered since the \n\nprehistoric era. The old heritages show that the ancestors were very good at making masks, \n\ncarvings and statues. Now they can be observed in the Yeh Pulu archeological sites at Goa \n\nGajah located at Bedulu Village, Tebing Bebitra Temple and Tebing Gunung Kawi Temple \n\nlocated at Tampaksiring, Gianyar (Kempers, 1977: 122; Ardhana, 1994). The foreign artists,", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2929, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "363ffcbc-1a60-4516-bb27-0bbb7f3f97dd": {"__data__": {"id_": "363ffcbc-1a60-4516-bb27-0bbb7f3f97dd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32122", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "1d2f028f0c466d3352e7140921024f26204b257786ee5d8c955e138ae845429c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e5a24ca1-c608-49c5-9feb-231de094cef1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "43584b3e6a8ac9a6b6617414fb84bd0cbef2057ea19db59f0044ccdf36ecd8d7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "00d26576-7458-4ad2-abe4-95c09471a345", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "997edea760dec86f8e49369afa8a2f7b302952ab8f5f633053814fd8d9383949", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\nWalter Spies and Miguel Covarrubias, who came to stay in Bali in 1930 (Covarrubias, 1957) \n\nwere so interested in the Balinese ornamental motives. They changed the natural forms in \n\nsuch a way that renewals were created. They and the local artists influenced each other. The \n\ncultural acculturation led to new innovations, causing the Balinese arts in general and fine \n\narts and craft products in particular to change. That has inspired the concepts of the \n\nproduction of the traditional sandstone craft products which the people living at North \n\nSingapadu Village, Sukawati, Gianyar refer to.  \n\n North Singapadu Village is the center of the sandstone craft industry; almost 75 \n\npercent of the villagers work as craftsmen. Their products are well-known all over the world. \n\nIf viewed from the characters, forms, and motives of the traditional sandstone industry at \n\nNorth Singapadu Village, they reflect a specific decorative identity; they have adopted the \n\ndimensional forms of the Balinese puppet using three proportions (Covarrubias, 1957:55). \n\nThey are (1) lanjar for the tall scale statues; (2) nyepek following the human size; and (3) \n\nrentet as shown by the funny statues \u2018punakawan\u2019. The form, symbol, characterization, \n\nexpression and ornamental decoration are created to follow the traditional norms and sources \n\n\u2018pakem\u2019, causing the statues produced look sacred (Goris, 1993: 154).  \n\n Modernization has certainly changed the view point and way of thinking of the young \n\ncraftsmen and motivated them to create new forms oriented towards the globalized market. \n\nSince the sandstone craft products were used as the commodities of tourism several \n\ncraftsmen have changed their profession; they are not only craftsmen but also art dealers. \n\nSuch a situation has led to a gap between the traditional craftsmen and the young ones who \n\nare innovated to develop new models, ideas, concepts, the production technique and more \n\nmodern motives in order to reach the globalized market. In relation to the Innovation of the \n\nTraditional Sandstone Craft Products at North Singapadu Village, Gianyar, the problems of \n\nthe study can be formulated as follows: 1) what are the form and process of the innovation of \n\nthe traditional sandstone products in the globalization era at North Singapadu Village, Gianyar \n\nlike; 2) what factors contribute to the innovation of the sandstone craft products; 3) what are \n\nthe implication and meaning of the innovation on the level of the socio-cultural and economic \n\nlife of the people living in Gianyar in general and at North Singapadu Village in particular.  \n\n The data were analyzed using the theory of acculturation. The traditional value was \n\nreorganized into the new traditional value. The theory of deconstruction proposed by J Derrida \n\nwas used to reveal the deconstructive values behind the form or model of the sandstone craft \n\nat North Singapadu Village. The theory of postmodern aesthetics proposed by Piliang (2003:", "start_char_idx": 2934, "end_char_idx": 6217, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "00d26576-7458-4ad2-abe4-95c09471a345": {"__data__": {"id_": "00d26576-7458-4ad2-abe4-95c09471a345", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32122", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "1d2f028f0c466d3352e7140921024f26204b257786ee5d8c955e138ae845429c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "363ffcbc-1a60-4516-bb27-0bbb7f3f97dd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "08c42557ab2957027a9766e2db05d54f4c5a3b7b402e681284d66f1bb9ae7a15", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cfa37e5e-b635-4b12-b32b-842784011933", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "30a31680bde6946b0c1cc395b030520d8c6782c7c1ecb78bb7e8b2e21cf7f9a3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\n164) was used to analyze the aesthetic value of the sandstone craft product in the \n\nglobalization era. \n\n This present study is intended to understand the problems explored in relation to the \n\nbackground, form and process of the innovation of the traditional sandstone industry in the \n\nglobalization era at North Singapadu Village, the factors which contribute to the innovation, \n\nand the implication and meaning of the innovation on the consumers, the sustainability of the \n\nproduction of the sandstone industrial products.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD  \n\n Based on the problems formulated above, as far as the study entitled \u201cthe Innovation \n\nof the Traditional Sandstone Craft Products at North Singapadu Village, Gianyar\u201d is \n\nconcerned, the method used was the qualitative method with the approach of cultural studies. \n\nThe steps taken in the qualitative study include the data collection, data analysis, and data \n\ndisplay (Bailey, 1987: 32). The data were collected through observation, namely the \n\nresearcher went directly to the field to observe the innovation of the traditional sandstone \n\nproducts in the globalization era at North Singapadu Village. The data on the background of \n\nthe innovation of the sandstone craft products were obtained through interview. The data \n\nwere authentic and reliable. In the qualitative study, the entire object is accurately explored \n\nbefore the data obtained are analyzed (Soedarsono, 2001: 46).  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\n The decrease in production and the fact that only a limited number of young people \n\nwho intend to develop the traditional sandstone craft products are responsible for \u201cthe \n\nInnovation of the Sandstone Craft Products at North Singapadu Village, Gianyar. The reason \n\nis that the traditional sandstone craft products are still oriented towards the interest of \n\nHinduism and the interest of the king (the ruler). The products only refer to specific norms, \n\nand are religiously and magically meaningful, adopt what gods look like, and are decorated \n\nwith reliefs locally referred to as kekarangan and pepatran. Therefore, the young craftsmen \n\nmake innovations; the ideas, concepts, designs, motives and the technique of production. \n\nThe materials used to support the aesthetic elements of space, and building and souvenir \n\nornaments are also innovated. Such multipurpose products are produced to fulfill what is \n\nneeded by foreign and domestic tourists. The innovated sandstone craft products at North \n\nSingapadu Village usually adopt the creative objects of the local environment and culture,", "start_char_idx": 6222, "end_char_idx": 9080, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cfa37e5e-b635-4b12-b32b-842784011933": {"__data__": {"id_": "cfa37e5e-b635-4b12-b32b-842784011933", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32122", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "1d2f028f0c466d3352e7140921024f26204b257786ee5d8c955e138ae845429c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "00d26576-7458-4ad2-abe4-95c09471a345", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "2afa1ee45ea0c0ab028766e35412d584646a8d8dc01d76402b8e6c7ef19bc372", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0ca29107-3e63-4cb1-89d0-e986928446e6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2dc9061ee10b45dccb248464ea2cf71540d2cd489bffa30a1bae2c391e0c8074", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\ncausing them to have specific characteristics. Heindeggar (in Barker, 2008: 14) states that \n\nthe innovated sandstone craft products represent the relationship between the past values \n\nwith the current and future ones.  \n\n Basically, the innovated traditional craft products in the globalization era at North \n\nSingapadu Village cannot be separated from the traditional root which is processed and \n\ndeveloped through the postmodern aesthetics in which the aesthetic idioms are critically \n\narranged in order to fulfill the globalized market. It is such a condition which has caused the \n\nsandstone craft products at North Singapadu Village to be dominated by the capitalists, \n\ncausing the traditional craftsmen, who still maintain the working idealism, to be marginalized. \n\nA wise action needs to be taken as this phenomenon cannot only weaken the local identity \n\nbut can also destroy it. What is was described above shows that the globalized culture \n\nstrongly affects the traditional culture as can be seen from what has happened to the \n\ntraditional sandstone craft products at North Singapadu Village. The innovations were made \n\nwithin the last seven years, from 2007, when Bali bomb blast II took place, to 2013. The \n\nphenomenon is reflected by the sandstone craft products which have been created using the \n\ncurrent technology and new ideas and concepts.  \n\n The Innovation of the Traditional Sandstone Craft Products in the Globalization Era at \n\nNorth Singapadu Village is created through the coordination of three components; each has \n\nits own strength or idealism. They are the capital owners, entrepreneurs, designers and the \n\ncraftsmen. They benefit one another (symbiosis mutualism). In this context, the capital \n\nowners, entrepreneurs, and consumers consume the sandstone craft products made in Bali \n\nand outside Bali, the craftsmen and designers who live around North Singapadu Village \n\ncreate the products.   \n\n As far as the discourse of postmodern fine arts is concerned, the concept of creation \n\ndeveloped by the young craftsmen does not have anything to do with the ideological meaning; \n\nit seeks pleasure. The young craftsmen play with signifiers with the principle that form follows \n\nfun. The most recent aesthetical model is expected to be the model used to understand and \n\ndevelop the discourse of cultural products in general and the discourse of fine arts in \n\nparticular. The postmodern aesthetics has five styles; they are the pastiche style, the parody \n\nstyle, the kitsch model, and the schizophrenia style (Piliang, 2003: 187-202). They are used \n\nas the basis for developing the traditional sandstone craft products at North Singapadu \n\nVillage. Finally, the postmodern aesthetical concept can develop the sandstone craft products \n\nto show an identity which can fulfill the globalized market\u2019s demand so that the local people\u2019s", "start_char_idx": 9085, "end_char_idx": 12254, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0ca29107-3e63-4cb1-89d0-e986928446e6": {"__data__": {"id_": "0ca29107-3e63-4cb1-89d0-e986928446e6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32122", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "1d2f028f0c466d3352e7140921024f26204b257786ee5d8c955e138ae845429c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cfa37e5e-b635-4b12-b32b-842784011933", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "0572d864264536f513822f4287c4022e1c3222a16356f33f4e311e90bbc286d0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2d72cb4b-db1f-49b6-9f26-82bd22eb0100", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e35a3ff6086c06df5056f5def6a7923716a397bcd5bdd4c215bb9f5bf202223f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\nwelfare and economy can improve. The development of the sandstone craft products can be \n\nviewed from the ideas and concepts which inspire them, their forms, the technique of \n\nproduction used, the motives and functions, and is marked by the appearance of new themes \n\nand motives. The undersea life, the flora and fauna, the motive of cloud, the flowing water \n\ncreated using the carving technique, the surficial texture illustrate this. If viewed from the \n\ncontext of innovation, it is clear that, as far as the new motives are concerned, the old values \n\nhave shifted into the new ones in the form of commodification (ARdika, 2003: 21).  \n\n The development of the sandstone craft products at North Singapadu Village can also \n\nbe viewed from four aspects. They are 1) the traditional and modern style, if viewed from the \n\nstyle; 2) if viewed from the form, they are communal, sacred, symbolic, individual, identity and \n\npropane; 3) if viewed from the function, they are functionally used as the ceremonial, \n\naesthetical, and practical means, and as parodies; and 4) if viewed from meaning \u2018yadnya\u2019, it \n\ncan be used as an identity and to show freedom (data source: the Nuansa Relief craftsmen, \n\nNorth Singapadu Village).  \n\n Basically, the modern forms of the sandstone craft products at North Singapadu \n\nVillage adopt what are referred to as keketusan, pepatran, and kekarangan. The statues \n\napplied to the temples in Bali are also adopted. The models individually and collectively \n\nadopted and innovated reflect the innovational values and are intended to have practical \n\ninterests. That implies that innovations have been made, resulting from the development of \n\nsituation and condition in which people openly adopt other cultures. What also plays an \n\nimportant role in the situational and conditional development is that the craft products are \n\nplanned and designed using the stylization, adaptive, and collaborative approach, causing \n\nthe products to reflect the renewed values. The innovated modern sandstone craft products, \n\nas stated by Heindeggar (in Baker, 2008: 14), show the relationship between the past values, \n\ncurrent values and future values.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION  \n\n   From the result of analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the Innovation of \n\nthe Traditional Sandstone Craft Products in the Globalization Era at North Singapadu Village \n\nare the traditional cultural products deconstructed through the idioms of the modern fine arts \n\nby the capital owners, designers and young craftsmen with formal education. They have \n\ndeveloped the form and process of the product creation, and are affected by the internal and", "start_char_idx": 12259, "end_char_idx": 15228, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2d72cb4b-db1f-49b6-9f26-82bd22eb0100": {"__data__": {"id_": "2d72cb4b-db1f-49b6-9f26-82bd22eb0100", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32122", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "1d2f028f0c466d3352e7140921024f26204b257786ee5d8c955e138ae845429c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0ca29107-3e63-4cb1-89d0-e986928446e6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "66f09057ff916498df4ca966e5b7a1285779147aa4a3ab0ec5cda77ddb66dd04", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "79af0286-ebd1-4f8e-970c-4f756b5c8fde", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e02a8611c6f4ad1a46076ae32700c59e833984a6b67d433d03f600d55795e37f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\nexternal factors. That contributes to the level of the socio-cultural and economic life of those \n\nliving in Gianyar in general and those living at North Singapadu Village in particular.  \n\n It can be suggested that new concepts using the traditional values should be \n\ndeveloped and taken into consideration when creating art works in order to fulfill what is \n\ndemanded by the consumer. It is highly important to continuously follow technologies \n\nespecially when designing products massively.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT  \n\nPraise the Almighty God, Ida Hyang Widhi Wasa, for the completion of this study. The writer \n\nwould like to thank Prof. Dr. Phil. I Ketut Ardhana, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Suarka, M.Hum. \n\nand Dr. I Gede Arya Sugiartha, S. Kar., M.Hum. for their supervision and detailed corrections \n\nso this study could be completed as planned.  \n\n \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nArdhana, I Ketut. 1994. \u201cBali dalam Kilasan Sejarah\u201d, dalam I Gde Pitana (ed),Dinamika \nMasyarakat dan Kebudayaan Bali. Denpasar: BP. \n\nArdika, I Wayan. 2003. Komponen Budaya Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata. Denpasar: Program \nStudi Magister Kajian Pariwisata Unversitas Udayana. \n\nBaily, Kenneth D, 1987, Method Of Social Reaserch. London: Free Press. \n\nCovarrubias, M, 1957. Island of Bali. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. \n\nGoris R. 1993. Atlas Kebudayaan. Pemerintah Indonesia. \n\nSoedarsono, R.M. 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa. Bandung \nMSPI (Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia). \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2003. Hiper Semiotika Tafsir Cultural Studies Atas Matinya Makna.           \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra.", "start_char_idx": 15233, "end_char_idx": 17133, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "79af0286-ebd1-4f8e-970c-4f756b5c8fde": {"__data__": {"id_": "79af0286-ebd1-4f8e-970c-4f756b5c8fde", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32123", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "8975415db040fd57b7e820a62629ab5c0eff40ca3b18b3df97986f74a99edf17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2d72cb4b-db1f-49b6-9f26-82bd22eb0100", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32122", "author": "Pendet, I Ketut Muka; Ardhana, I Ketut; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " INNOVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SANDSTONE CRAFT PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA AT NORTH SINGAPADU VILLAGE GIANYAR", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32122.pdf"}, "hash": "61f369e773135c6a0e604e4002579ce84095fd97cee7fcffd4e81a15af760a80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5e2525a9-8472-4786-9cb6-d4806fb057db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "db2fc8d4d2f570c4032099e1fcb2f179034aeda1444338382c758f2467ea3720", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Nyoman Sila 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\n \n \n\nTHE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION  \nOF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI      \n\n \nI Nyoman Sila \nI Wayan Ardika \n\nNengah Bawa Atmadja \nI Nyoman Dhana \n\nDepartment of Fine Arts Education, Faculty of Languages and Arts, \nGanesha University of Education \nEmail: nyoman.sila99@gmail.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n The industrialization of the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali results from the \ntechnological, economic and cultural development and leads to the production of different \ntypes of products of the art of craft. The industrialization of the art of craft cannot be separated \nfrom the role played by the stakeholders in order to obtain benefit. The problems of the study \nare as follows (a) what stakeholders play roles in the industrialization of the art of craft at \nTegallalang, Gianyar, Bali? (2) How the stakeholders play their roles in the industrialization \nof the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali? This present study is a qualitative one in which \nthe critical theory of social practice proposed by Bourdieu and the ethnographic approach are \nused.  \n The result of the study shows that the stakeholders playing roles in the \nindustrialization of the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali include the parents, the \ntraditional village, the administrative village, the local government, the provincial government, \ncraftsmen, the raw material supplier, the formal and informal financial institution, and foreign \nconsumers. The stakeholders play their roles using different capitals such as the cultural \ncapital, social capital, and economical capital. Those who have big capitals will dominate \nthose who have fewer capitals and organize what products should be produced.  \n \nKeywords: stakeholders, industrialization, the art of craft \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\n The industrialization of the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali results from \n\nglobalization. The globalized era is marked by the technological, economic system and \n\ncultural development which then leads to the production of different types of products of the \n\nart of craft. The art of craft, as the people\u2019s culture, which used to be manually produced by \n\nthe traditional society in order to make both ends meet,  has been currently industrialized \n\nusing the technology which can support the massive production with exchange value.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2751, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5e2525a9-8472-4786-9cb6-d4806fb057db": {"__data__": {"id_": "5e2525a9-8472-4786-9cb6-d4806fb057db", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32123", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "8975415db040fd57b7e820a62629ab5c0eff40ca3b18b3df97986f74a99edf17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "79af0286-ebd1-4f8e-970c-4f756b5c8fde", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "482f7d3ca403c396419923eb376e263fb4d0cc426656efb10df7a9a9aea646b2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c793e412-16b1-4d64-b825-339d7d09f837", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6b72b001ef9d27a8b46800f9c36fde94a6e747be78bee21dc75704411868c18e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\n At Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali, the stakeholders play roles in the industrialization of the \n\nart of craft in order to obtain benefit. In such a process, each stakeholder has relation of \n\npower. They use the capitals they have in order to obtain power which then affect the \n\nproducts\u2019 value.  \n\n Based on the background above, the problems of the study can be formulated as \n\nfollows. (1) what stakeholders play roles in the industrialization of the art of craft at \n\nTegallalang, Gianyar, Bali?; (2) how the stakeholders play their roles in the industrialization \n\nof the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali? The objectives of this present study are to \n\ndescribe (1) the stakeholders that are involved in the industrialization of the art of craft at \n\nTegallalang, Gianyar, Bali; (2) how the stakeholders play their roles in the industrialization of \n\nthe art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali. It is expected that this present study can give \n\nscientific contribution in terms of the roles played by the stakeholders in the industrialization \n\nof the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali from the perspective of cultural studies. It is \n\nalso expected that this present study can reveal the ideology hidden in the social practice of \n\nthe globalized capitalism at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD  \n\n This present study is a qualitative one using the theory of social practice proposed by \n\nBourdieu and the ethnographic approach. The study was conducted at Tegallalang, Gianyar, \n\nBali. The informants included the craftsmen, Head of Tegallalang District, Head of \n\nTegallalang Traditional Village, Head of the Department of Industrial and Trading Affairs of \n\nGianyar Regency. The informants were purposively determined using the snowball \n\ntechnique. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, and \n\ndocumentation. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n Stakeholders refer to groups or individuals that can affect or be affected by what is \n\ndone to achieve an objective. Those who play roles in the industrialization of the art of craft \n\nat Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali are the parents, the traditional village, the administrative village, \n\nthe local government, the provincial government, the craftsmen, the suppliers of raw \n\nmaterials, the formal and informal financial institutions and foreign customers. Each performs \n\ntheir practices of power using the capitals they have in order to obtain benefit.", "start_char_idx": 2757, "end_char_idx": 5557, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c793e412-16b1-4d64-b825-339d7d09f837": {"__data__": {"id_": "c793e412-16b1-4d64-b825-339d7d09f837", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32123", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "8975415db040fd57b7e820a62629ab5c0eff40ca3b18b3df97986f74a99edf17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5e2525a9-8472-4786-9cb6-d4806fb057db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "1f2a0f1b0c6531f1f7e94a0580217e2f8ec707aba9a36667e48e1635eb094b53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "04391be0-4c76-4e8a-b254-7424c2c7d02b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ca9f0d93d8ed8208d6d21706c6c58402606d44c5165f31532c1268048253ec30", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\n From the social domain point of view, there are four types of capitals; they are (1) the \n\neconomic capital which includes the production equipment, materials (earnings and objects) \n\nand money which can be easily used to achieve objectives; (2) the cultural capital which \n\nincludes  all the intellectual qualifications which can be produced through formal education \n\nand family heritage, including the ownership of cultural objects with high values, knowledge \n\nand expertise acquired through education; (3) the social capital which includes the social \n\nnetwork which an individual or a group of people have in their relation to the other parties that \n\nhave power, and (4) the symbolic capital which includes all the forms of prestige, status, \n\nauthority and legitimacy accumulated in the form of the symbolic capital (Fashri, 2007: 98\u2014\n\n99).  \n\n The parents (the fathers), as the craftsmen and the art shops owners, play their roles \n\nin producing, distributing, and marketing the products of the art of craft. In the production \n\nprocess, they use the resources they have in their families such as the cultural resource, the \n\nsocial resource, the economic resource, the physical resource, and the personality resource \n\n(Plummer, 2013: 229). They obtain power through the patriarchal ideology of bequeathing \n\nthe cultural and economic capitals to their sons as the generation that inherits what their \n\nfamilies have. They inherit the cultural capital in the form of the skill needed to produce the \n\nproducts of the art of craft, and the economic capital in the form of the art ships ownership.  \n\n The traditional village \u2018desa pakraman\u2019 refers to a unity of customary law community \n\nwhich has a unity of traditions, manners of life, adheres to Hinduism and is bound to Tri \n\nKhayangan (the three main temples). As an institution, the traditional village has social, \n\npolitical, cultural, economic, and religious dimensions (Pitana, 1994: 139). From the economic \n\ndimension, as far as the industrialization of the art of craft at Tegallalang is concerned, the \n\ntraditional village opens the Ceking Tourist Destination to attract tourists. From the social \n\ndimension, the traditional village has the power of making use of the rice fields which it has \n\naround Ceking. The rice fields are used as a tourist destination to attract tourists for the sake \n\nof the village\u2019s interest. The rice field where paddy is planted has the exchange value as well \n\nas the economic value as it is used as a tourist destination.  \n\n The role played by Tegallalang Administrative Village is representing the government. \n\nIt was once used as the village where the ASEAN cultural youth exchange was held, as the \n\nvillage has the potential for producing and marketing the products of the art of craft in Gianyar \n\nRegency. The social capital which the administrative village has is used for determining the \n\ncraftsmen who were involved in the cultural youth exchange.", "start_char_idx": 5563, "end_char_idx": 8822, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "04391be0-4c76-4e8a-b254-7424c2c7d02b": {"__data__": {"id_": "04391be0-4c76-4e8a-b254-7424c2c7d02b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32123", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "8975415db040fd57b7e820a62629ab5c0eff40ca3b18b3df97986f74a99edf17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c793e412-16b1-4d64-b825-339d7d09f837", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "56aaa7c6117c7d2defabac9164e2b52c6485d585dc266818700e2014e94962c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "68511e9d-3787-4f4c-8553-47c7f8a73add", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7dfe02e76507f3126392670ac5d28385b7fe85ce6efafa65e3fb5102687ee146", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\n The government/State has the right to protect and develop the culture related to the \n\nart cultural products which the Indonesian citizens have (the 1945 Constitution, article 32 \n\nclause 1). The Regency Government and Provincial Government play their roles in \n\ndeveloping arts and culture especially the art of craft through the Department of Industrial and \n\nTrading Affairs by supervising and involving the products of the art of craft in exhibitions such \n\nas Inacraft, Bali Arts Festival, and Dekranas. In the industrialization of the art of craft at \n\nTegallalang the government has the power for determining who are involved in the exhibition. \n\nIn every exhibition, the creative and unique products of the art of craft and the local creativity \n\nare exhibited. In this case, the government has the authority to choose the craftsmen who will \n\nbe involved in the exhibition. In this arena, the craftsmen play their roles in competing for and \n\nwinning the capitals they have in order to get access to the hierarchy of power (Fashri, 2007; \n\n95).  \n\n The craftsmen are a special group of people who can create the products of the art of \n\ncraft (Ardika, 2015: 45); they can show their creative and innovative ideas in the art of craft \n\n(Gustmia, 2004: 10). They actively produce the products of the art of craft by using the cultural \n\ncapital they inherit from their parents, and learning. They use different types of raw materials. \n\nThe suppliers supply the raw materials needed by the craftsmen. In this arena the craftsmen \n\nuse the capitals they have and the suppliers supply the raw materials needed in order to have \n\npower. The more raw materials needed by the craftsmen the more power the suppliers have \n\nas they will obtain more economic values.   \n\n In the industrialization of the products of the art of craft, the formal and informal \n\nfinancial institutions help the craftsmen, as the producers of the art of craft, undertake their \n\nbusiness, and the art shops owners sell their produces. At Tegallalang most craftsmen have \n\nart shops and, therefore, they can directly sell their products. In addition, many also buy \n\nproducts from the others to complete the products they sell at their art shops. The formal \n\ninstitutions which help the craftsmen are Bank Rakyat Indonesia and Bank Pembangunan \n\nDaerah Bali. They have power for financially supporting the craftsmen; however, certificate \n\nof land ownership is required as the collateral. In addition, they should pay for the loan \n\nprincipal and interest determined by the bank.  \n\n The role played by foreign consumers is important enough in the industrialization of \n\nthe art of craft at Tegallalang as they consume the products produced by the craftsmen. They \n\nmassively order the products and it is this which has mainly caused the industrialization of \n\nthe products of the art of craft to take place, making the products the industrial ones. The art", "start_char_idx": 8827, "end_char_idx": 12056, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "68511e9d-3787-4f4c-8553-47c7f8a73add": {"__data__": {"id_": "68511e9d-3787-4f4c-8553-47c7f8a73add", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32123", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "8975415db040fd57b7e820a62629ab5c0eff40ca3b18b3df97986f74a99edf17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "04391be0-4c76-4e8a-b254-7424c2c7d02b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "04fef278ec8bb2d4c7dd64859a994a543155a4d58527e620a1216f31857c15de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2055fc28-6c8c-43a3-9d08-20b8d2408bee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "755194e17de192dee621aab57c97dc59f560263a521cc1fa6f290f920cd1b758", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nof craft as traditional hand-made work has been marginalized by the machine-massively \n\nmade ones. The foreign consumers as a group of capitalists have power to massively order \n\nthe products of the art of craft. They also have the power to organize the craftsmen that the \n\nproducts should be made based on what they want. The craftsmen produce what is ordered \n\nby the foreign consumers in order to obtain the economic value.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION  \n\n Based on the result and discussion above, it can be concluded that the roles played \n\nby the stakeholders with their different types of capitals such as the economic capital, social \n\ncapital, and cultural capital have caused the industrialization of the art of craft at Tegallalang  \n\nto take place. The consequence is that the products produced are not the authentic products \n\nshowing the Balinese culture. They have become the massive products in which the \n\neconomic value or the exchange value is more important than the other values. In the process \n\nof industrialization many products are influenced by the globalized culture; therefore, it is \n\nsuggested to the stakeholders that the cultural capital, namely the Balinese culture should \n\nnot be degraded by the globalized culture.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n The writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., as the supervisor, Prof. \n\nDr. I Nengah Bawa Atmadja, M.A. and Dr. I Nyoman Dhana, M.A., as Co-supervisor I and \n\nCo-supervisor II for their guidance and motivation to the writer so this dissertation could be \n\ncompleted in time.  Thanks are also expressed to all the informants and other parties for \n\ngiving the data needed in this present study.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa. 2010. Ajeg Bali: Gerakan, Identitas Kultural, dan Globalisasi. \nYogyakarta: LkiS. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2004. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik (Terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Kreasi \nWacana. \n\nFashri, Fausi. 2007. Penyingkapan Kuasa Simbol Apropnasi Reflektif Pemikian Pirre \nBourdieu. Yogyakarta: Juxtapose The Sumradewi Office House. \n\nHarker, Richard, dkk., 1990. (Habitus x Modal) + Ranah = Praktik Pengantar Paling \nKomprehensif kepada Pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu.  (Terjemahan). Yogyakarta: \nJalasutra.", "start_char_idx": 12061, "end_char_idx": 14586, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2055fc28-6c8c-43a3-9d08-20b8d2408bee": {"__data__": {"id_": "2055fc28-6c8c-43a3-9d08-20b8d2408bee", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32123", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "8975415db040fd57b7e820a62629ab5c0eff40ca3b18b3df97986f74a99edf17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "68511e9d-3787-4f4c-8553-47c7f8a73add", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "3152c629bc5448feab24a932f602d2f7e67a9fef501b59eb2d1adab4df33d74d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "65fde327-cd65-4cf3-a9bb-9de12a900270", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4120026b3af49710fb46df55702ace375728f95c62638fe8971a42001f3321cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\nHaryatmoko. 2003. \u201cLandasan Teoritis Gerakan Sosial menurut Pierre Boudieu: Menyingkap \nKepalsuan Budaya Penguasa\u201d. Basis. No. 11-12 Tahun Ke-52, November-Desember \n2003.    \n\n-------. 2010. Dominasi Penuh Muslihat Akar Kekerasan dan Diskriminasi. Jakarta: PT. \nGramedia Pustaka Utama. \n\nKusnadi. 1983. \u201cPeranan Seni Kerajinan (Tradisional dan Baru) dalam Pembangunan\u201d \nMajalah Analisis Kebudayaan. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.  \n\nIsmail, Nawari. 2012. Relasi Kuasa dalam Pengubahan Budaya Komunitas Negara, Muslim, \nWong Sikep. Bandung: Karya Pustaka Darwati Bandung. \n\nPatilima, Hamid. 2013. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta. \n\nRitzer, George. 2012. Teori Sosiologi: Dari Sosiologi Klasik Sampai Perkembangan Terakhir \nPostmodern. (Terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.", "start_char_idx": 14592, "end_char_idx": 15692, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "65fde327-cd65-4cf3-a9bb-9de12a900270": {"__data__": {"id_": "65fde327-cd65-4cf3-a9bb-9de12a900270", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32124", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "3f2733e058982baa623788f2d2edd0d73957718902a7ccda622c58bb653dd5ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2055fc28-6c8c-43a3-9d08-20b8d2408bee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32123", "author": "Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32123.pdf"}, "hash": "f2f1186c95624bae699d44c31bea78fb472d78d70ffb4f490ca909d7a37820ee", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d65dc696-e101-4153-9c9c-b8b70fa052b2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "afe4dd930c0fbe9c3c1d173867728e00fd8a643cc4f8c1f805ff574dfcf72c87", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Suniastha Amerta 3\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\n \n \n\nTHE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM  \nAT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM \n\n \nI Made Suniastha Amerta1 \n\nI Gede Mudana2 \nemail: jrokadek@yahoo.co.id1, gedemudana@pnb.ac.id2 \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n The alternative tourism developed in the form of a tourist village at Jasri Traditional \nVillage is intended to empower and give opportunity to the local people to manage tourism at \nthe village where they live. This is in accordance with the concepts of the community-based \ntourism development and sustainable development. This present study is aimed at knowing \nthe meanings appearing from the development of the alternative tourism at Jasri Traditional \nVillage. The qualitative method with the paradigm of cultural studies was used. Three theories \nwhich were eclectically used were employed to analyze the problems of the study. They are \nthe theory of hegemony, the theory of power/knowledge, and the theory of communicative \naction.  \n The result of the study shows that the meanings appearing from the development of \nthe alternative tourism at Jasri Traditional Village include the hegemonic meaning, the \nmeaning of the economic potential empowerment, and the meaning of the socio-cultural \nsustainability. The hegemonic meaning includes (a) the implementation of the Regional \nRegulation \u2018Perda\u2019 Number 2 of 2002; (b) the implementation of the Regent\u2019s Decree Number \n658 of 2014; and (c) the meaning of image. The meaning of the empowerment of economic \npotential includes (a) the empowerment of the job opportunity potential; (b) the empowerment \nof the local people\u2019s income potential; (c) the availability of the funds needed for funding the \ndevelopment at Jasri Traditional Village. The meaning of the socio-cultural sustainability \nmade up of (1) the social sustainability including (1) the local people\u2019s identity strengthening, \n(b) the better pride of becoming a community, (c) equality and justness in gender and age \ngroup;  and the meaning of cultural sustainability including (a) being aware of cultural \nconservation, (b) development of cultural value, and (c) cultural appreciation.  \n \nKeywords: alternative tourism, sustainable development, tourist village. \n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\n Jasri Traditional Village, Subagan Sub-district, Karangasem Regency, is rich in \n\ntradition, arts and culture. Its nature is beautiful and natural as well. The tradition, arts, culture \n\nand the beautiful and natural nature it has are the sources which can be developed to attract \n\ntourists.  The performing arts which are still maintained are the fire war \u2018perang api\u2019 (ter-teran), \n\nrejang dewa, legong and many others. It has also maintained the art of making earthenware", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3095, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d65dc696-e101-4153-9c9c-b8b70fa052b2": {"__data__": {"id_": "d65dc696-e101-4153-9c9c-b8b70fa052b2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32124", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "3f2733e058982baa623788f2d2edd0d73957718902a7ccda622c58bb653dd5ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "65fde327-cd65-4cf3-a9bb-9de12a900270", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "e7fa0d25770235b92dece95f332d9a88ea7357f051a673adc36ce7ca6623c33c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "caf8e627-5357-4746-837f-f2b07dd55d27", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "49df8799c5f26e5b40b42d0f64fc9a00d50f2deee3c06da0d4ad06b21267b455", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\nvessels and the art of making the wavy-double bladed daggers \u2018keris\u2019. These are all the \n\npotentials it has to develop alternative tourism, causing it to be a tourist village. The Decree \n\nof the Regent of Karangasem Number 658 of 2014 shows that Jasri Traditional Village has \n\nbeen decided to be one of the twenty new tourist villages in Karangasem Regency.  \n\n Jasri Traditional Village has been developed as a tourist village since 2011, involving \n\nall the villagers. The success achieved by Jasri Traditional Village to be a tourist village cannot \n\nbe initially separated from the role played by the regional government of Karangasem \n\nRegency through a program particularly created to support the development of tourism \n\nreferred to as \u201cPNPM Mandiri\u201d.  \n\nIn 2013 it was able to be the best in the national tourist village competition, meaning \n\nthat it only took two years to be the best in the national tourist village competition as it was \n\ndeveloped as a tourist village in 2011. This phenomenal fact strongly motivated the local \n\npeople to contribute to developing the village as a tourist one, leading it to being the host of \n\nthe activities held as the Appreciation of National Tourist Villages and Creative Economy in \n\n2014.  The activities were held at the Village Hall of Jasri Traditional Village.  \n\nThis phenomenal fact strongly motivated the local people to contribute to developing \n\nthe village as a tourist one. They believed that the development of alternative tourism at the \n\nvillage could economically, socially and culturally benefit them and could contribute to their \n\nwelfare in particular and the people living in Karangasem in general. However, what was \n\nobserved was that what had been expected for by the local people did not come true yet; \n\nmeaning that nobody knew what it would come true.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n The qualitative method was used in the present study. This approach was used based \n\non the problems and objective of the study and the technique of analysis used; otherwise, the \n\nresearch could not be properly carried out.  In other words, as a cultural study, this present \n\nstudy was designed to use the qualitative method. The qualitative method was used to obtain \n\nthe in-depth data needed, namely the tangible accurate data (Sugiyono, 2008:222).  \n\n According to Strauss and Cobin (1990: 13), the qualitative data can be used to find \n\nout and comprehend what is implied in a phenomenon. In this present study, the qualitative \n\ndata was also used in order to obtain as many data representing the socio-cultural \n\nphenomenon explored as possible described using words instead of figures as in the \n\nperspective of the quantitative research. This refers to what is stated by Endraswara", "start_char_idx": 3100, "end_char_idx": 6145, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "caf8e627-5357-4746-837f-f2b07dd55d27": {"__data__": {"id_": "caf8e627-5357-4746-837f-f2b07dd55d27", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32124", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "3f2733e058982baa623788f2d2edd0d73957718902a7ccda622c58bb653dd5ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d65dc696-e101-4153-9c9c-b8b70fa052b2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "04d03144e5de7ce3f23e162c3737e3dedad75a737bc963d527a29f081fae7750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a8085468-4e76-402b-9066-058769eb8dd7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "daf6d7a8f525c580d3c26eddf2961456df9be9def7cd7e48683674572ecb76e1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\n(2006:85), who states that the qualitative perspective tends to be used to explore the complex \n\nhumanitarian phenomenon.  \n\n The research method was designed in such a way through important steps that it can \n\nfulfill the scientific criteria and the validity of the study. The location where the study was \n\nconducted, the types and sources of the data, and the informants directly involved in the study \n\nwere determined. The techniques used to collect and analyze the data and present the result \n\nof the data analysis were carefully chosen. These are all the important variables which are \n\nneeded to identify and reveal the socio-cultural phenomenon appearing from the development \n\nof alternative tourism at Jasri Traditional Village, Subagan Sub-district, Karangasem \n\nRegency.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\n Meaning is defined as the intention of a word and so forth (Kamus Bahasa Indonesia, \n\n2008: 135). According to Ratna (2008: 127\u2014132), meaning refers to a particular massage \n\nand value in a text. It is a presentation and a process of representing what is obtained by an \n\ninterpreter through an interpreting activity. In other words, meaning refers to a message or \n\nintention implied in a text. What is intended by the message can be interpreted more than \n\nwhat is explicitly stated in the text. As a set of symbols, a text contains a replica (the \n\ncomodified form) and an interpreter (unlimited semiosis). Eco (1984) in Yuliana (2010) adds \n\nthat a symbol can be defined as an encyclopedia or a network of words with a new map of \n\nmeaning.  \n\n Tourism was initially introduced at Jasri Traditional Village in 2009. Then it was \n\ndeveloped in 2011, causing several meanings to appear. They are the hegemonic meaning, \n\nthe meaning of the economic potential empowerment, and the meaning of the socio-cultural \n\nsustainability.  \n\n Hegemony refers to the domination of a social class over another through the success \n\nachieved in implanting its view of life, social relation, and humanitarian relation in such a way \n\nthat they are considered true or scientific by the subordinated class (Piliang, 2004: 17). As far \n\nas the top-down political policy is concerned, people do not have power to reject the \n\ngovernment\u2019s policy. The hegemonic meaning resulting from the development of alternative \n\ntourism at this village can be defined as a set of hegemonic policies and messages created \n\nby the local government of Karangasem Regency as the policy maker.", "start_char_idx": 6150, "end_char_idx": 8908, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a8085468-4e76-402b-9066-058769eb8dd7": {"__data__": {"id_": "a8085468-4e76-402b-9066-058769eb8dd7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32124", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "3f2733e058982baa623788f2d2edd0d73957718902a7ccda622c58bb653dd5ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "caf8e627-5357-4746-837f-f2b07dd55d27", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "f19723248a7cf5dab3faff64bce4c84fadb8ff1aebb3e29e03e6413bd8fbb372", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2ab9242e-781b-4d37-b473-6e5b64c8c3d0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "24d3d22ef5f3298ba31cd4a0c7ca7a3cf8b44e36015e0627bd6a7a2598682286", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\n The formal legal basis in the form of a decree issued by the Regent of Karangasem \n\nRegency through which Jasri Traditional Village has been provided as a tourist village can be \n\nviewed as a dominating tool. The action taken by the stakeholder of tourism at this tourist \n\nvillage can be observed from the perspective of the theory of communicative action. Habernas \n\nrepresents a communicative competence reflected in several rules and regulations used as \n\nthe formal legal basis for developing alternative tourism at Jasri Traditional Village. The \n\nhegemonic meaning resulting from the development of alternative tourism at Jasri Traditional \n\nVillage includes (a) the implementation of the local regulation \u2018Perda\u2019 Number 2 of 2012; (b) \n\nthe implementation of the Decree of the Regent Number 658 of 2014; and (c) the meaning of \n\nimage.  \n\n The development of tourism at a tourist destination with its different activities is trusted \n\nto lead to different positive impacts, especially the economic life resulting from the interaction \n\nbetween the guest and host. The meaning of the economic potential empowerment resulting \n\nfrom the development of alternative tourism at Jasri Tourist Village includes (a) the \n\nempowerment of the job opportunity potential; (b) the empowerment of the local people\u2019s \n\nincome potential; and (c) the available of the funds needed for developing the village.  \n\n The local people were strongly motivated to support the program since tourism was \n\ndeveloped at Jasri Tourist Village. The fact that what was programmed by the village\u2019s leaders \n\nwas always supported by all the society\u2019s components. The socio-cultural support was one \n\nof the things provided by the villagers. The meaning of the socio-cultural sustainability \n\nresulting from the development of alternative tourism at Jasri Traditional Village includes (1) \n\nthe social sustainability made up of (a) the local people\u2019s identity strengthening; (b) the better \n\npride of becoming a community; (c) equality and justness in gender and age group; and (2) \n\nthe cultural sustainability made up of (a) the awareness of cultural conservation; (b) the \n\ndevelopment of cultural value; (c) the cultural appreciation.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION  \n\n Based on the result of the analysis of the field data collected, it could be concluded \n\nthat the meanings appearing from the development of alternative tourism at Jasri Traditional \n\nVillage, Subagan sub-district, Karangasem Regency are as follows.  \n\nThe hegemonic meaning, which includes (a) the implementation of the Regional Regulation \n\n\u2018Perda\u2019 Number 2 of 2014; (b) the implementation of the Regent\u2019s Decree Number 658 of \n\n2014; and (c) the meaning of image.", "start_char_idx": 8914, "end_char_idx": 11924, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2ab9242e-781b-4d37-b473-6e5b64c8c3d0": {"__data__": {"id_": "2ab9242e-781b-4d37-b473-6e5b64c8c3d0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32124", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "3f2733e058982baa623788f2d2edd0d73957718902a7ccda622c58bb653dd5ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a8085468-4e76-402b-9066-058769eb8dd7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "55a4182d2933e9925e826de78da1276dcfcd6d8dd64337bef703fbe288d71710", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "202374c7-7373-493a-a423-883b47213072", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "35aa865a24c05df224eddc4bb611e6d4cdd1f2d75c42cfbef3aec9c852d7812f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nThe meaning of the economic potential empowerment, which includes (a) the job \n\nopportunity potential empowerment; (b) the local people\u2019s income potential empowerment; \n\n(c) the available of the funds needed for developing Jasri Traditional Village. \n\nThe meaning of socio-cultural sustainability, which includes (a) the local people\u2019s \n\nidentity strengthening; (b) the better pride of becoming a community; (c) the equality and \n\njustness in gender and age group. The meaning of cultural sustainability includes (a) the \n\nawareness of cultural conservation; (b) the development of cultural value; (c) the cultural \n\nappreciation.  \n\nBased on the findings and conclusions, it can be suggested that (1) the leaders of \n\nJasri Tourist Village should adopt the local genius-based alternative tourism development; (2) \n\nin the future the government of Karangasem Regency needs to pay more attention to the \n\nvillage through supervision and training courses  related to the awareness of the importance \n\nof tourism such as foreign language courses; (3) it is necessary for the government of \n\nKarangasem Regency to improve the infrastructure and facilities needed such as the gate \n\nshowing where Jasri Tourist Village and art shops are; (4) it is necessary for the travel \n\nbureaus and agencies and freelance guides to include Jasri Tourist Village into their \n\nitineraries of East Bali.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n The writer would like to thank and highly appreciate Head of the Doctorate Study \n\nProgram of Cultural Studies for the opportunity given to the writer to complete his study in the \n\nprogram. Thanks are also expressed to the informants especially those living at Jasri \n\nTraditional Village.  \n\n   \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies Teori & Praktik. Yogyakarta: PT Bentang    Pustaka.  \n\nEndraswara, Suwardi. 2006. Metode, Teori, Teknik Penelitian Kebudayaan: Ideologi, \nEpistemologi, dan Aplikasi.  Yogyakarta: Pustaka Widyatama.  \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 1976. Selection from Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publiser. \n\nHabermas, Jurgen. 1984. Reason and the Rationalitation of Society. Volume 1 of the Theory \nof Communicative Action, English Traslation by Thomas McCarthy. Boston: Beacon \nPress (Edisi aslinya terbit di Jerman, 1981).  \n\nPilliang, Y.A. 2004. Dunia yang Dilipat: Tamasya Melampui Batas-Batas Kebudayan. \nBandung: Penerbit Jalasutra.", "start_char_idx": 11930, "end_char_idx": 14608, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "202374c7-7373-493a-a423-883b47213072": {"__data__": {"id_": "202374c7-7373-493a-a423-883b47213072", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32124", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "3f2733e058982baa623788f2d2edd0d73957718902a7ccda622c58bb653dd5ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2ab9242e-781b-4d37-b473-6e5b64c8c3d0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "20ce49c8e5c6edffddf8ded415fd609925c56b42fa344f0f743ae38ebab7bf9a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "360ae927-8d81-4d0c-9e68-423eb701cc00", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3df806af066cd8d07bf647f983efd7137abae679bcc9e61cdf61189c5dbf0461", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nRatna, I Nyoman Kutha. 2008. Postkolonialisme Indonesia : Relevansi Sastra.  Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar. \n\nStrauss, Anselm, Yuliet Corbin. 2003. Dasar-Dasar Penelitian Kualitatif, Tata Langkah dan \nTeknik-teknik Teoretisasi Data (Terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\n Yuliana, Euis Dewi. 2010. Transformasi Pertanian Modern ke Pertanian Organik Subak \nWangaya Betan, di Kecamatan Penebel, Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Bali. \nDisertasi. Denpasar: Program Doktor Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana. \n\n---------.1991. Perda Provinsi Bali No. 3, tentang Pariwisata Budaya. \n\n---------. 2012. Perda Provinsi Bali Nomor 2, Tahun 2012 tentang Kepariwisataan Budaya Bali. \n\n---------. 2014. Surat Keputusan Bupati  Karangasem Nomor 658 tentang 20 Desa Wisata di \nKabupaten Karangasem.", "start_char_idx": 14613, "end_char_idx": 15689, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "360ae927-8d81-4d0c-9e68-423eb701cc00": {"__data__": {"id_": "360ae927-8d81-4d0c-9e68-423eb701cc00", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32125", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "0f7bb7261ea3dd1b6707e35c6bcc012122aa72356160a3343ecf855eaf3dcb9a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "202374c7-7373-493a-a423-883b47213072", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32124", "author": "Amerta, I Made Suniastha; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32124.pdf"}, "hash": "8492cb93448facd78322653da15619b76478d4ebe8065681a5c3905e9a4be400", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e3ea9739-aa28-4744-bdf4-d7c7cd287e8b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "05c880499a5910a082cc7bebce914f6cba10184dffd236c5aaae002959ff4c93", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Udayana 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\n \n \n\nIDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA  \nIN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM \n\n \nAA Gde Bagus Udayana \nNengah Bawa Atmadja \n\nI Nyoman Dhana \nE-mail: udayana1973@yahoo.co.id \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n The regional regulation issued by the Provincial Government Number 2 of 2012 \ndefines that Tri Hita Karana is a Hindu philosophy explaining the three things which contribute \nto prosperity. Therefore, the promotional media of tourism should be ideally based on the \nideology of Tri Hita Karana. However, the fact shows that it has been marginalized in the \npromotional media of the Bali cultural tourism. In relation to this, three main theories are used \nin the present study. They are the theory of deconstruction, the theory of practice, and the \ntheory of social reality construction. The qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative methods \nwere employed to analyze the data, which were collected through in-depth interview, \nobservation and documentary study.  \n Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the capitalistic ideology, the \nideology of cultural dualism, the ideology of consumerism, the ideology of commercialism, the \nideology of totalitarianism, and the ideology of pseudo-social responsibility have been \nresponsible for the marginalization of the ideology of Tri Hita Karana in the promotional media \nof the Bali cultural tourism. The system used to deconstruct the promotional media of the Bali \ncultural tourism involves the government, private companies, and the graphic design \nconsultants. They are oriented towards their respective ideology and interest. The ideology \nand interest-oriented promotional media of the Bali cultural tourism affect the image of Bali \nas a tourist destination. The implications are as follows: Bali is an area of the culture of \ntourism; it is an area where postmodern people live; it is an area  where glocalization takes \nplace; it is an area where modern spirituality develops; it is also an area where the identity of \nthe Balinese people and culture is shown not to be in accordance with the fact.  \n \nKeywords: deconstruction, promotional media, ideology, social construction, globalization \n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n The tourism which is developed in Bali is the cultural tourism, which has been clearly \n\ndefined in the Regional Regulation of the Bali Provincial Government Number 2 of 2012 \n\nconcerning the Bali Culture-based Tourism. Based on this provision, every activity related to \n\nthe development of the cultural tourism in Bali, including the promotion made should have \n\nimplemented the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana.  However, based on what has been observed, \n\nthere are several media used to promote the Balinese cultural tourism which have", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3098, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e3ea9739-aa28-4744-bdf4-d7c7cd287e8b": {"__data__": {"id_": "e3ea9739-aa28-4744-bdf4-d7c7cd287e8b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32125", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "0f7bb7261ea3dd1b6707e35c6bcc012122aa72356160a3343ecf855eaf3dcb9a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "360ae927-8d81-4d0c-9e68-423eb701cc00", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "800a12e4c9203cbbf83d916858d29fa65996535929a68b34ffe06b2ea0de11ee", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "aa9d3f66-5312-45c2-950a-41be0aa26dd6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4f6c599f8bfbd7c0dcf80e3014c3d2245083a3b0889f08e0f885f07d3668f3a8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nmarginalized the ideology of Tri Hita Karana. According to Piliang (2003:211), marginalization \n\nmeans placing elements on the margin of a picture. Therefore, in this case, the \n\nmarginalization of Tri Hita Karana can be defined as the act of marginalizing or ignoring such \n\nan ideology in the visual presentation of the promotional media of the Bali cultural tourism.  \n\n Based on the definition that a medium is a reality which has been deconstructed in \n\nthe form of meaningful discourse, then it can be stated that the contents of the promotional \n\nmedia of the Bali cultural tourism are deconstructed in the form of meaningful discourses \n\nconcerning the cultural tourism in Bali. Althusser (2008) states that a discourse is an ideology \n\nin practice, meaning that there is no discourse without any ideology and that there is no \n\nideology without discourse. Based on this concept, then the promotional media of the \n\nBalinese cultural tourism can be viewed as the discourses reflecting a particular ideology. \n\nTherefore, as reflected in the title of this present study, the present study focuses on the \n\nideology of the promotional media of the Bali cultural tourism. To this end, it is necessary to \n\ndeconstruct the ideology of the promotional media of the Bali cultural tourism. The reason is \n\nthat, as stated by Barker (2005:510), \u201cdeconstruction: deconstructing which is aimed at \n\nsearching out and revealing the assumptions, strategies, rhetoric, and what is hidden in a \n\ntext\u201d. Based on the quotation above, it can be understood that in brief deconstruction means \n\nan effort made to reveal the implied meaning of a text or discourse. \n\n Based on the facts and what is meant by a medium, an ideology and the relationship \n\nbetween one and another as described, several assumptions can be formulated as follows. \n\nFirst, the marginalization of the ideology of Tri Hita Karana in the promotional media of the \n\nBali cultural tourism cannot be separated from the ideology which has inspired them. Second, \n\nit is highly possible that such an ideology and the interests of the stakeholders involved in the \n\nprocess of reconstructing the promotional media have been responsible for the \n\nmarginalization of the ideology of Tri Hita Karana. Third, the promotional media of the Bali \n\ncultural tourism with the marginalized ideology of Tri Hita Karana have affected the image of \n\nBali as a tourist destination of cultural tourism.  \n\n Based on the problems formulated above, the general objective of this present study \n\nis to deconstruct the ideology of the promotional media of the Bali cultural tourism with the \n\nmarginalized ideology of Tri Hita Karana. It is expected that the result of the study may give \n\ntheoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, it is expected that (1) the result of the \n\npresent study can enrich the knowledge of the ideology which has inspired the promotional \n\nmedia of the Bali cultural tourism with the marginalized ideology of Tri Hita Karana; (2) the", "start_char_idx": 3103, "end_char_idx": 6409, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "aa9d3f66-5312-45c2-950a-41be0aa26dd6": {"__data__": {"id_": "aa9d3f66-5312-45c2-950a-41be0aa26dd6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32125", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "0f7bb7261ea3dd1b6707e35c6bcc012122aa72356160a3343ecf855eaf3dcb9a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e3ea9739-aa28-4744-bdf4-d7c7cd287e8b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "d7edf6ef0b38f76523ca946aea48287b910771eeffc052be84eb606b26c99289", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "753a056f-1c03-48d7-bfc5-b6705ad03a44", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b6e96fe31ba9720bc4e8b4a38890ab5fcb9adcc1f3b277376f1213e817852494", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\nresult of the present study can reveal the system used to construct the promotional media of \n\nthe Bali cultural tourism with the marginalized ideology of Tri Hita Karana; (3) the result of the \n\npresent study can reveal the implication of the promotional media of the Bali cultural tourism \n\nwith the marginalized ideology of Tri Hita Karana on the image of Bali as an area of cultural \n\ntourism viewed from the stakeholders involved in the tourism industry.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD  \n\n The qualitative method is used in the present study which gives emphasis on the \n\nexcavation, explanation and the descriptive, holistic, and interpretative description of the \n\nthings related to the problems of the study formulated above.  \n\n The data were analyzed with reference to the procedure of the qualitative data \n\nanalysis which includes data reduction, temporary data display, data interpretation and \n\nconclusion drawing. The data reduction includes data selection, data focusing, data \n\nsimplification, data classification, the subjective information quoted from the interview, and \n\ndata reflection. The data are presented and interpreted in the form of a narrative text showing \n\nregularity, explanation, and cause and effect plot. Conclusions are drawn or verified by \n\nsummarizing the result of the study already presented so what appears is related to the \n\nideology which has inspired the promotional media of the Bali cultural tourism.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION   \n\n Based on the result of the deconstruction of the promotional media of the Bali cultural \n\ntourism and the information provided by the informants it can be identified that the \n\npictures/illustrations, and the sentences used in the promotional media of the Bali cultural \n\ntourism contain several ideologies. It is necessary to affirm that without in-depth observation \n\nor only through exploration it seems to be difficult to identify the ideologies which have \n\ninspired the promotional media of the Bali cultural media with the marginalized ideology of Tri \n\nHita Karana. They ideologies are as follows 1) the capitalistic ideology, the ideology of cultural \n\ndualism, the ideology of consumerism, the ideology of totalitarianism, the ideology of the \n\npseudo-social responsibility.  \n\n In this case, the definition of the capitalistic ideology refers to what is described by \n\nAtmadja (2010: 75-76) that the characteristic of the capitalistic ideology or known as the \n\nmarket religion refers to the concept which is not only different but also contrasts the \n\ncharacteristic of Hinduism as the source of the ideology of Tri Hita Karana. The characteristic", "start_char_idx": 6414, "end_char_idx": 9330, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "753a056f-1c03-48d7-bfc5-b6705ad03a44": {"__data__": {"id_": "753a056f-1c03-48d7-bfc5-b6705ad03a44", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32125", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "0f7bb7261ea3dd1b6707e35c6bcc012122aa72356160a3343ecf855eaf3dcb9a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "aa9d3f66-5312-45c2-950a-41be0aa26dd6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "1deb35870011d6fa48341e18313cfa54a6ed4a9c44774c5abe6561a38c263adb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "35e54710-c14f-445a-b3fd-cf1a7c0e5f6b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "75324a238f19624f193a0817b6afa2e86570a866da5747ab50abb5da57633df6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\nof the capitalistic ideology, as described above, can be expressed in a goal, namely selling a \n\nproduct. The selling activity can be done through promotion, including the promotional media \n\nof tourism. What is presented in the media is not only presented but it also contains an \n\nexpectation for selling things based on the capitalistic principle, namely obtaining benefit. If \n\nwhat is presented in the media is the nature, its function has also shifted to becoming a \n\ncommodity, or it functions as a product with an exchange value in order to obtain benefit.  \n\n Based on the deconstructive observation, it can be identified that the capitalistic \n\nideology has been much more dominantly responsible for marginalizing the ideology of Tri \n\nHita Karana in the promotional media of the Balinese cultural tourism than the other \n\nideologies. What is meant is that it is the capitalistic ideology which has initially motivated the \n\nstakeholders to create the promotional media in a particular manner. Then the capitalistic \n\nideology causes the other ideologies to appear.  \n\n In this case, construction should be viewed as a system which leads to the \n\nmarginalization of the ideology of Tri Hita Karana. In fact, the system used to construct the \n\npromotional media of the Balinese cultural tourism can be further classified based on the \n\ninitiators; they are the government, the private organizations, and the graphic design \n\nconsultants. It turns out that the products produced by the system applied by the government \n\ninvolving the graphic design consultants which are the same as those produced by the private \n\ncompanies such as brochures, folders, leaflets and tabloids/magazines, and billboards do not \n\nreflect the ideology of Tri Hita Karana, and that they are all dominated by the capitalistic \n\nideology. Those with an accumulation of capitals including the economic capital and the other \n\ncapitals are dominantly able to marginalize those with a smaller accumulation of capitals.  \n\n Based on the theory of social construction proposed by Berger and Luckman, an \n\nimage and defection take place through the perception of the area of the Bali cultural tourism \n\nwith the marginalized ideology of Tri Hita Karana  in the promotional media.  The reason is \n\nthat, according to Berger and Lukmann (in Hamad, 2004: 12), the process of the construction \n\nof a reality includes the meaning given through the process of the perception of an object. In \n\nother words, it can be understood that a perception is a mode for defining something or a \n\nmode for giving meaning to something. In this case, it is necessary to affirm what is meant by \n\nperception and meaning so that they can be adequately understood.  \n\n According to Charon, as referred to by Mulyana (2006:7), a perception is guided by \n\nthe perspective used by someone to view an object. In Semiotics, meaning is what a sign \n\ncontains as understood by the user (Hoed, 2008: 3). Therefore, it can be understood that", "start_char_idx": 9335, "end_char_idx": 12617, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "35e54710-c14f-445a-b3fd-cf1a7c0e5f6b": {"__data__": {"id_": "35e54710-c14f-445a-b3fd-cf1a7c0e5f6b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32125", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "0f7bb7261ea3dd1b6707e35c6bcc012122aa72356160a3343ecf855eaf3dcb9a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "753a056f-1c03-48d7-bfc5-b6705ad03a44", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "7c87607519c21ef430027433cfeca08cb91a9e70263899eebcfacb6b270a3c37", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bb164fb9-ded7-4147-b67e-331d1318fb47", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c17822358034c6026dc6beb19f76d0fe86d53dfb16977e2030d0726cbbd3ba65", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\ndefining something or giving meaning to something is identical with the process of \n\nunderstanding something. According to Barker (2005: 168), meaning is situated in what is \n\ntrusted, what is true and the reason daily used by people; or, according to Mulyana (2006: \n\n21), meaning is situated in someone\u2019s mind instead of in the object defined.  \n\n Based on what was described above, according to the stakeholders, the image of Bali \n\nas an area of cultural tourism can be traced through how they define it through what they \n\nperceive of Bali as a tourist destination. More basically, the process of defining the image of \n\nBali as a tourist destination can be viewed from what is stated to be true, what is trusted, and \n\nthe reason given by the stakeholders. In relation to that, the result of the study shows that \n\nBali is an area of cultural tourism; Bali is an area where postmodern people live; Bali is an \n\narea of glocalization; Bali is an area where modern spirituality modern develops; the Bali\u2019s \n\nidentity has become a hyperreality.  If observed, it seems that Bali is an area of the culture of \n\ntourism instead of an area of cultural tourism. This is the very fundamental implication which \n\nthen leads to the other implications.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\n The capitalistic ideology is the most dominant ideology which has affected the \n\nproduction of the promotional media of the Bali cultural tourism. The reason is that it is \n\nintended to increase the number of tourists visiting the promoted tourist destination, which \n\nthen causes the benefit obtained or the money earned to rise as well.   \n\n In this case, the relationship of power between the government and the graphic design \n\nconsultants and the private companies with their own designers takes place. It turns out that \n\nthe government\u2019s capital is weaker; it only has the economic capital, namely money for \n\nfunding the production of the promotional media. Therefore, the graphic design consultants \n\nwith their stronger economic capital, social capital, and cultural capital have more power in \n\nthe production of the promotional media.  \n\n The main implication of the promotional media of the Bali cultural tourism is that Bali \n\nconstitutes an area of the culture of tourism. Based on that implication, it can be seen that \n\nthe promotional media of the Balinese cultural tourism are not strong enough to affirm the \n\nidentity of the Bali cultural tourism, namely the Tri Hita Karana-based cultural tourism. \n\n Therefore, it is suggested that the government, the graphic design consultants, and \n\nthe private companies, as the shareholders, that they should refer to the Regional Regulation \n\nof the Provincial Government Number 2 of 2012. In this way, the promotional media of the", "start_char_idx": 12622, "end_char_idx": 15690, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bb164fb9-ded7-4147-b67e-331d1318fb47": {"__data__": {"id_": "bb164fb9-ded7-4147-b67e-331d1318fb47", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32125", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "0f7bb7261ea3dd1b6707e35c6bcc012122aa72356160a3343ecf855eaf3dcb9a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "35e54710-c14f-445a-b3fd-cf1a7c0e5f6b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "aa3927eafaf22ab8062d39fc5899b68df35df422d1ccc506518cdf3c70b8ae9f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4d848bd9-1557-4421-ae18-d721674071b9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2d8bb6d50155ba900c2053ccd6f51eac2aa7b944e8dbcdb964ecbb41b9014abc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\nBali cultural tourism keeps showing what is specific to the Bali\u2019s identity which still makes \n\ntourists interested in visiting Bali.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n The writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Dharma Putra, M.Litt., as the \n\nsupervisor for his supervision, motivation, support and suggestion. Thanks are also extended \n\nto Prof. Dr. Nengah Bawa Atmadja, M.A. and Dr. I Nyoman Dhana, M.A., their supervision, \n\nsystemic and detailed input and for lending the references needed to complete this present \n\nstudy.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAlthusser, Louis. 2008. Tentang Ideologi: Marxisme Strukturalis, Psikoanalisis, Cultural \nStudies. Yogyakarta : Jalasutra. \n\nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa. 2010. Ajeg Bali: Gerakan, Identitas Kultural, dan Globalisasi. \nYogyakarta:LkiS. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nHamad, Ibnu. 2004. Konstruksi Realitas Politik Dalam Media Massa  Sebuah Studi Critical \nDiscourse Analysis terhadap Berita-berita Politik. Jakarta: Granit. \n\nMulyana, Deddy. 2006. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Paradigma Baru Ilmu Komunikasi dan Ilmu \nsosial Lainnya. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2003. Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies Atas Matinya Makna. \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nHoed, Benny H. 2008. Semiotik dan Dinamika Sosial Budaya. Depok: Fak Ilmu Pengetahuan \nBudaya (FIB) UI.", "start_char_idx": 15695, "end_char_idx": 17370, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4d848bd9-1557-4421-ae18-d721674071b9": {"__data__": {"id_": "4d848bd9-1557-4421-ae18-d721674071b9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32126", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "d42f1bbc833831ea85aa1e094b6eb2e5e1e4d37964674caa03cd60bfe2abd145", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bb164fb9-ded7-4147-b67e-331d1318fb47", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32125", "author": "Udayana, AA Gde Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA IN BALI CULTURAL TOURISM", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32125.pdf"}, "hash": "4aab68018e76d900f00bd4e22d83d68b9fe0b1f54d94bf151bd3bc74c1b3b2f5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "75d72358-e905-4667-9c72-0ed90303a2d3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "22644d3b9ea328fe13d801adbd497eb184b6529433d90bfbdd236eef888997cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Gede Wirata 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 24-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\n \n \n\nTHE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE \nFIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT \n\nGede Wirata \nI Made Merta \n\nAnak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara \nPutu Sukardja \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n This present study is intended to explore the phenomenon of the practice of \nfunctionally converting the irrigated rice fields in South Denpasar District. The present study \nfocuses on the process of functionally converting the irrigated rice fields, the ideology leading \nto the phenomenon, and its implication on the local people. The data were collected through \nobservation, in-depth interview and documentary analysis. The data were analyzed using the \ntheory of hegemony, the theory of social practice and some other theories which were used \neclectically based on the problems analyzed.  \n The result of the study shows that the functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields \nresulted from the farmers\u2019 marginalized socio-cultural structure. The process started from the \ngovernment\u2019s hegemony. The government treated the farmers as the subaltern. Then the \ndominated farmers got trapped by fatalism and pragmatism. The entrepreneur and \ngovernment strengthen their hegemony. Then they negotiated with the local government such \nas the traditional village \u2018desa pakraman\u2019 and the administrative village \u2018desa dinas\u2019 and the \nland owners as individuals. The farmers were too weak to resist; they failed as they did not \nhave the capital needed for that. Such a condition could not be separated from the capitalistic \nideology as the government and entrepreneur collaborated to legitimate the converting \nprocess. In addition, the local people were also trapped by the consumptive way of life. As a \nresult, they considered that functionally converting their irrigated rice fields was a proper \nsolution. That affected the infrastructural order. Their infrastructural order changed. Their \nsocial structure also shifted from communalism into individualism. Their ideological, legal, \ngovernmental, family and religious superstructures changed as well, causing the South \nDenpasar community to be getting far from the agrarian cultural root which used to be their \ninitial characteristic.  \n \n   \nKeywords: irrigated rice field functional conversion, irrigated rice field, South Denpasar \nDistrict, marginalization, hegemony \n \n \nINTRODUCTION  \n\n Every development taking place in Bali has widely affected every aspect of life. The \n\ngrowth of the number of population, the urban planning, technologies and tourism have made \n\nBali not only labeled as \u201cBali the Last Paradise\u201d (Powell, 1930) and \u201cThe Morning of The \n\nWorld\u201d (Vicker, 1996:5) but also as a highly popular tourist destination. The development of", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3083, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "75d72358-e905-4667-9c72-0ed90303a2d3": {"__data__": {"id_": "75d72358-e905-4667-9c72-0ed90303a2d3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32126", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "d42f1bbc833831ea85aa1e094b6eb2e5e1e4d37964674caa03cd60bfe2abd145", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4d848bd9-1557-4421-ae18-d721674071b9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "6bbece58b799f26abb5b56078696c5c9ecbf51a138c162b21fe207bbcb9f73a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "10fcd108-545e-4b15-9c2f-1af8f83d7f49", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "eed7b2f359e40f3b5a5332ad2f5d3f7a4ef63200b666a8ec90eaaca92fa26555", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 24-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\ntourism has widely affected every aspect of the Balinese people\u2019s life. One of the aspects is \n\nthe functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields. More and more land has been needed to \n\nfulfill the needs for accommodation, restaurants, streets and so forth. The functional \n\nconversion of the irrigated rice fields has also affected the existence of what is locally referred \n\nto as \u2018subak\u2019, the one unity system of traditional agriculture in Bali, as stated by Sutawan \n\n(2008:18). The continued constructions of infrastructures, facilities, offices and tourism have \n\nlogically been responsible for the conversion of the irrigated rice fields, causing the \n\nagricultural land to be getting narrower. This is in line with what is stated by Nasoetion (2003: \n\n71) that the increased number of population, the government\u2019s policy, and natural factors \n\nhave been responsible for the functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields.  \n\n The invisible globalized ideology and government\u2019s policy referred to as hegemony by \n\nGramsci (1971) has also led to the functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields. Hegemony \n\ndoes not refer to the relationship of domination using power, but to the relationship of approval \n\nusing political and ideological leadership (Barker, 2009: 62). Furthermore, Gramsci (1971) \n\nuses the term hegemony to refer to the way in which the dominating class in society obtains \n\nsupport from the dominated class through the moral and intellectual leadership. The process \n\nof hegemony can be seen from how meaning is established and how the dominant values \n\nare produced through different media (Piliang, 2009: 136). In the current Balinese society \n\nthere is an impression that farming is not promising; therefore, it is not good to wrestle with; \n\nit is the parents\u2019 profession; it is dirty and low income generating. Bourdieu (1983) considers \n\nsuch a view leads to the creation of a new habitus; the agricultural habitus as a marginalized \n\nprofession; therefore, it is not wrong to neglect it. Moreover, the phenomenon of the social \n\npractice performed by the Balinese society shows that the Balinese people keep being \n\nenmeshed in the globalized culture with a lifestyle of hedonism-consumerism. They idolize \n\nthe ownership of modern symbols such as hand phones, luxury houses, and cars. The \n\nownership of such objects legitimize that selling land is not wrong, causing the irrigated rice \n\nfields to be more massively functionally converted.  \n\n The phenomenon is interesting to be explored as it cannot be separated from the fact \n\nthat the globalized ideology has also been responsible for the functional conversion of the \n\nirrigated rice fields in South Denpasar District. It is also the contestation of the society\u2019s social \n\nstructure involving the government, entrepreneurs and the farmers as the marginalized group \n\nof people. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the process of the functional conversion \n\nof the irrigated rice fields by confronting different globalized ideologies through the", "start_char_idx": 3088, "end_char_idx": 6442, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "10fcd108-545e-4b15-9c2f-1af8f83d7f49": {"__data__": {"id_": "10fcd108-545e-4b15-9c2f-1af8f83d7f49", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32126", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "d42f1bbc833831ea85aa1e094b6eb2e5e1e4d37964674caa03cd60bfe2abd145", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "75d72358-e905-4667-9c72-0ed90303a2d3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "45526b42314eca54b3b25e6306751ce1d8382613e543e00daf1b94a1b89f6da4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bf12bc39-c337-4262-b80a-a48d69f7a91b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4ee897eb12aee680e0ccc20cb22977413fb2793dac6da6c350805f8f9177e1fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 24-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\ndevelopment of tourism legitimated by the government and approved by the farmers. It is also \n\nnecessary to investigate what roles are played by the globalized ideologies which have \n\ninterfered with all aspects of the society\u2019s life from the highest structure to the lowest in \n\naccelerating the functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields. As well, the impact resulting \n\nfrom the functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields in South Denpasar District also needs \n\nto be identified. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n  This present study uses the qualitative approach with the paradigm of cultural studies. \n\nThe data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, and documentary study. A \n\nguide of observation and interview were also prepared. The object of the study was observed \n\nin South Denpasar District. The farmers, head of the traditional irrigation organization \u2018subak\u2019, \n\nthe local government, the investors, and the agents of tourism in South Denpasar District \n\nwere interviewed. The data were also completed with the documentary study result, including \n\nthe on-line data which were obtained from the reliable authentic sites. All the data were \n\nanalyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles and Huberman (1992) and critical \n\ntheories leading to a description of the specific data of cultural studies.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n  The development of different aspects of life has changed the human life orders, which \n\ncan be ideological and physical. One of the physical changes is the functional conversion of \n\nthe irrigated rice fields in South Denpasar District. One of the things which has been \n\nresponsible for the functional conversion is tourism. Tourism needs the supporting facilities \n\nsuch as hotels, restaurants, streets and so forth. The stakeholders, namely the government, \n\nentrepreneurs, and farmers touch one another in order to fulfill the facilities. The government \n\nand entrepreneurs synergize to dominate the farmers with the developmental ideology. The \n\nfarmers, as the subaltern, are marginalized as they have no capitals. Furthermore, hegemony \n\nis strengthened with repressive domination. Gramsci (in Barker, 2009:62) states that \n\nhegemony is a situation in which there is a historical block and the faction of the dominating \n\nclass undertakes its social authority of leadership over the subordinate class  through the \n\ncombination of strength and approval. Gramsci states that the state, as the ruler, is the \n\nhistorical block or the dominating class which undertakes its authority over the farmers who \n\nbelong to the subordinate class using the combined strength (power). Furthermore, Scott", "start_char_idx": 6447, "end_char_idx": 9402, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bf12bc39-c337-4262-b80a-a48d69f7a91b": {"__data__": {"id_": "bf12bc39-c337-4262-b80a-a48d69f7a91b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32126", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "d42f1bbc833831ea85aa1e094b6eb2e5e1e4d37964674caa03cd60bfe2abd145", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "10fcd108-545e-4b15-9c2f-1af8f83d7f49", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "3d7325c60b89a494546976433c83de3b0ef9a6fdf65c36b69fdff92b7338071d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9fa5a743-0802-499e-a2ad-ad9565202903", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d9e89f646b6ba860c2cbe3c7c6f20a5231bdc1cb81a753ad91cd4790df12a97c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 24-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nstates that the farmers spend what they produce from the irrigated rice fields on what they \n\nneed for life; the rest is spent on the other needs such as salt, fabric, and other claims (Scott, \n\n1981:4-5). In this context, the strength of hegemony has legalized that selling the irrigated \n\nrice fields is not wrong. Then, the government motivates the entrepreneurs to convert the \n\nfunction of the irrigated rice fields. The negotiation with the ruler to convert the function of the \n\nirrigated rice fields has certainly needed a lot of money in order to be able to buy the \u201cpower\u201d. \n\nThen the negotiation is held with the formal and informal or traditional leaders. If the \n\nnegotiation fails, then the personal negotiation with the land owners will be held using the \n\nfinancial capital that the land will be bought at higher prices. The negotiation is essential in \n\norder to be able to undertake policies well (Brassers, 2004:31). Therefore, it is not surprising \n\nthat the areas of Sesetan and Pamogan, which used to be labeled as the rice ban, can be \n\nused as the areas of residences and other commercial purposes. However, the farmers have \n\nmade an effort to maintain their land through the counter-hegemony (Tilaar, 2003:77). \n\nUnjustness causes the farmers, the subaltern and marginalized class, to show their \n\nopposition or resistance.  They, as the farmers living in South Denpasar, resist that the \n\ngovernment and capital owners accommodate their interest by reducing the taxes they should \n\npay, creating job opportunities, and subsidizing their economy. \n\n The process of the functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields above cannot be \n\nseparated from the ideology which has inspired it. Tourism is one of the things which has \n\nbeen responsible for the development of tourism in South Denpasar. Tourism needs financial \n\ncapital which gives opportunities to the entrepreneurs who cannot be separated from the \n\ncapitalistic ideology in order to obtain as many profits as possible. They collaborate with the \n\nruler to perpetuate that. Foucault (in Latif, 2005:39) states that power is everywhere; power \n\nis in the hands of the entrepreneurs and government, and the farmers belong to the subaltern \n\nclass or a different and lower class of people (Ratna, 2013: 463). The government and the \n\ncapital owners do not only collaborate in the lower and middle levels but also in the high level \n\nin order to strengthen the political and economic hegemony as spread by the mass printed \n\nand electronic media (Hisyam, 2003: 197). The collaboration between the government and \n\nthe entrepreneurs to dominate the farmers has also been responsible for the functional \n\nconversion of the irrigated rice fields. That is considered a solution to supporting \n\ndevelopment.  \n\n The farmers are made to be either in the position of maintaining or selling their land \n\nin order to be able to fulfill their daily needs. Such a situation makes the farmers submit to", "start_char_idx": 9407, "end_char_idx": 12675, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9fa5a743-0802-499e-a2ad-ad9565202903": {"__data__": {"id_": "9fa5a743-0802-499e-a2ad-ad9565202903", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32126", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "d42f1bbc833831ea85aa1e094b6eb2e5e1e4d37964674caa03cd60bfe2abd145", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bf12bc39-c337-4262-b80a-a48d69f7a91b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "1938fbd23a91ec433d9bb73b7f63663ce56e8353d6ebb0988e953575bff240b0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "db335906-bead-4902-bae7-b4d2cd53b5ff", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e209887d52372d5f4c12fead262a724a282ea2610b1a34b63e7d9f94435ff212", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 24-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\ntheir fate that selling their land is a thing which is to be accepted. That is referred to as a \n\nfatalistic decision in which what happens to someone is considered a fate; therefore, there is \n\nno resistance (Priambodo, 2009:21). If fatalism is related to the present study, it is the \n\npowerlessness of the farmers towards the domination and power of the investors (the capital \n\nowners) who collaborate with the government. In addition, the higher life style marginalizes \n\nthe existence of the farmers. O\u2019Donnell (2003:22) states that materialism and consumerism \n\ndegrades environment and drain the society\u2019s motivation and values. As the farmers are \n\ndoubtful about whether they will sell their land or not, and being known that they intend to \n\nhave a higher life style, they are offered with hegemony that their land will be bought at a \n\nhigher price which seems to cause them to be able to fulfill all their needs. As a result, the \n\nfarmers allow their land to be taken by the capital owners through financial transaction and \n\nwithout any resistance. Such an attitude can be stated to be a fatalistic one towards a situation \n\nresulting from the modernization which offers obsession of the world. Fatalism also takes \n\nplace through the capital owners\u2019 hegemony in which they promise good jobs to the farmers \n\nif they leave their land being functionally converted. The farmers\u2019 pragmatic attitude to choose \n\nwhat can be easily and quickly done without wisely taking into account what it will lead to \n\ncauses them to sell their land in order to fulfill what they desire. The hedonistic attitude of the \n\nfarmers has also accelerated the functional conversion of their land. After selling their land, \n\nthey feel that they are rich and can fulfill their needs. However, they have lost what they have \n\ninherited from their ancestors. They have also lost their identity as the Balinese people who \n\nare well-known for their strong farming culture. Actually, pragmatism has caused the Balinese \n\npeople to forget that having land is essential for performing socio-cultural activities. Hedonism \n\nhas caused the Balinese farmers to forget everything. They sell what they have inherited from \n\ntheir ancestors in order to fulfill their needs for materials which tend to be consumptive.  \n\n It cannot be denied that the functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields in South \n\nDenpasar District has affected every aspect of life. The first implication can be observed from \n\nthe change in infrastructure. Business centers, office buildings, schools, markets, and health \n\ninfrastructures and facilities such as hospitals, public health centers, and accommodations \n\nhave been constructed. However, many cultural and Hindu religious infrastructures have \n\ndisappeared. The disappearance of Ulundanu Temple is one example. The change in \n\ninfrastructures has also affected the society\u2019s social structure in the area where the irrigated \n\nrice fields have been functionally converted. As explained by Utomo (2014:86) that the \n\nfunctional conversion of land can be defined as the partial or entire functional change of an", "start_char_idx": 12680, "end_char_idx": 16105, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "db335906-bead-4902-bae7-b4d2cd53b5ff": {"__data__": {"id_": "db335906-bead-4902-bae7-b4d2cd53b5ff", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32126", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "d42f1bbc833831ea85aa1e094b6eb2e5e1e4d37964674caa03cd60bfe2abd145", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9fa5a743-0802-499e-a2ad-ad9565202903", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "f2b90cf7aad92060966fef8264cb4f661748aaf0a3388505e40e2b9a9021c2eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4016f865-8373-4e28-8760-d9207050d6d9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a2bce1b5eb112d4d47e08c4e570e6f1408b21a69426915f6da44c5f2012ac85c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 24-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\narea. It has been planned to be an area which is functionally different from what it used to be. \n\nThe functional conversion usually negatively affects the environment of the area and the \n\npotential it has. The rural people who initially lived in the agricultural area were close to one \n\nanother. That is a social asset which can be used as an important basis for establishing social \n\nnetworking. Such a social asset will get extinct as they live far from one another, causing new \n\nheterogeneous  and individualistic societies to appear, which also indirectly change the supra \n\nstructural level. The reason is that infrastructures, social structures and supra structures are \n\nbasically interrelated and affect one another. The supra structural change in South Denpasar \n\nDistrict can be observed from the ideological, legal, governmental, family and religious \n\naspects after the irrigated rice fields were functionally converted into the area of residences, \n\noffices and accommodations.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION  \n\n The functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields in South Denpasar cannot be \n\nseparated from the changes taking place and globalization which have marginalized the \n\nfarmers, causing them to be the subaltern class. Marginalization is legitimated with the \n\ngovernment\u2019s hegemony through the ideology of development. The dominated people finally \n\nconsider that being the dominated class is a matter of fate (fatalism). They have become \n\npragmatic in order to be able to fulfill the consumptive and hedonic life style. The functional \n\nconversion of the irrigated rice fields has been considered an instant solution to fulfilling their \n\nneeds which are getting more complex. They are now aware that the functional conversion \n\nof their land has changed the Balinese people\u2019s life order which cannot be separated from \n\nthe agricultural culture. Therefore, all the society\u2019s components, especially the policy holder, \n\nneed to synergize to maintain the Bali\u2019s land. The traditional village \u2018Desa pakraman\u2019 and the \n\nadministrative village \u2018desa dinas\u2019, as the lowest elements of the governmental structure need \n\nto identify and revitalize the Bali\u2019s land so it will not entirely functionally converted. It is \n\nimportant to do that as the functional conversion of land will not only change infrastructures \n\nbut also the social structure and supra structure of the Bali community as a whole.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nIn this opportunity allow me to thank Prof. Dr. Ing. I Made Merta, Prof. Dr. A.A. N. \n\nAnom Kumbara, M.A. and Dr. Putu Sukardja, M.Si. for their supervision so this article as part \n\nof a dissertation could be completed in time. Thanks are also extended to the management", "start_char_idx": 16110, "end_char_idx": 19129, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4016f865-8373-4e28-8760-d9207050d6d9": {"__data__": {"id_": "4016f865-8373-4e28-8760-d9207050d6d9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32126", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "d42f1bbc833831ea85aa1e094b6eb2e5e1e4d37964674caa03cd60bfe2abd145", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "db335906-bead-4902-bae7-b4d2cd53b5ff", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "f4891cef20ff1276e025b6e3aef8889eee67fd7f5e0fb4440cfb2c1588bcaace", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cb3eadfa-22e2-4632-9c7b-64a032222a23", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b0fa8aa39ee9b35570ef1456abef533a142a96bf69a99b90d41763af49ba0931", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       February 2017 Vol. 10, Number 1, Page 24-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\nof the Doctorate Study Program of Cultural Studies of Udayana University for supporting the \n\nwriter during the completion of this article and dissertation. A word of appreciation should also \n\ngo to the Directorate General of Higher Education for funding the writer during his study. \n\n \n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nBarker, Chris. 2009. Culture Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1983. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge : Polity. \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from Prison Note Books. New York: International \nPublisher. \n\nMiles, Matthew B dan A. Michael Huberman. 1992. Analisis dan Kualitatif: Buku Sumber \ntentang Metode-Metode Baru. Jakarta: UI Press. \n\nNasoetion, Luthfi Ibrahim, 2003. Konversi Lahan Pertanian: Aspek Hukum dan \nImplementasinya, Jakarta: Badan Pertanahan Nasional. \n\nO\u2019Donnell, Kevin. 2009. Posmodernisme. Terjemahan Jan Riberu. Yogyakarta: Kanisius  \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2009. Hiper Realitas Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta : LKIS. \n\nPowell, Hickman, 1930. Bali the Last Paradise. New York: Dodd, Mead. \n\nRatna, Nyoman Kutha. 2005. Sastra dan Cultural Studies Representasi Fiksi dan Fakta. \nYogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar. \n\n___________. 2013. Metodologi Penelitian Kajian Budaya dan Ilmu Sosial Humaniora Pada \nUmumnya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nRitzer, George dan Goodman J. Douglas. 2004. Teori Sosiologi Modern.Yakarta: Kencana. \n\nScott, James C. 1981. Moral Ekonomi Petani: Pergolakan dan Subsistensi di Asia Tenggara. \n(tej.). Jakarta: LP3ES. \n\nSimon, Roger. 2004. Gagasan-gagasan Politik Gramsci. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nSpivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1996. \"Bisakah Subaltern Speak?\" Marxisme dan Interpretasi \nKebudayaan. Ed. C. Nelson dan L. Grossberg. Basingstronke: MacMillan Education. \n\nSutawan, N. 2008. Keberadaan PurapadaSubak. Denpasar: Dinas Kebudayaan Propinsi \nBali.  \n\nTakwin, Bagus, 2009. Akar-Akar Ideologi: Pengantar Kajian Konsep Ideologi dari Plato \nhingga Bourdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nTewney, R.H. 1966. Land and Labor in China,  Boston : Beacon Press. \n\nTilaar, H.A.R. 2003. Kekuasaan & Pendidikan. Magelang: Indonesia Tera.", "start_char_idx": 19134, "end_char_idx": 21554, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cb3eadfa-22e2-4632-9c7b-64a032222a23": {"__data__": {"id_": "cb3eadfa-22e2-4632-9c7b-64a032222a23", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32128", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "09cc786da56e74c9b49d8635527cdc0be26c2b2b40881e51a82adcc2779af3ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4016f865-8373-4e28-8760-d9207050d6d9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32126", "author": "Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu", "title": " THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT", "date": "2017-02-01", "file": "ecs-32126.pdf"}, "hash": "207186e165b2bdc6b0b3aa925fc9a5f720acbfda8fe14da07e305269bdaf4f9f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0b6894e7-9cdb-488d-ae2b-12fa5668dc4e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "24499d0027804bdbe17638ddcce484a8796c3cdfc20e1914581ed55452ff4fd4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Cerita 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nTHE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART  \nFROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION  \n\n \nI Nyoman Cerita \n\nAA Bagus Wirawan \nI Nyoman Suarka \n\nDoctorate Program, Study Program of Cultural Studies \nPostgraduate Studies, Udayana University, Denpasar \n\nemail: inyomancerita@yahoo.com   \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\n The Barong Landung performing art, as the acculturation of the Balinese culture and \nChinese culture, has opened the new history of the relationship between the Balinese culture \nand Chinese culture. The acculturation has also become the peak of the Chinese cultural \nimpact on the Balinese culture in general and the Balinese performing art in particular. \nMoreover, Balong Landung has also been considered the symbolic appearance of the \nBalinese King, Sri Aji Jaya Pangus,  and his wife, Kang Cing Wie, who governed from 1099 \nto 1103 Caka Year. The qualitative method was used in the present study and the data were \ncollected through library research. The data were collected through the secondary data \nsource. The primary data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation \ntechniques.  \n The result of the study shows that the barong landung performing art is a traditional \nBalinese performing art which has been affected by the Chinese culture. It has been strongly \nintegrated into the elements of the people\u2019s performing art and culture in every region of Bali. \nIn Bali it reflects the humanity-oriented culture. It can be classified as the sacred, magical, \nand religious performing art and is performed as part of the traditional and religious rituals in \nBali.  \n \nKeywords: Acculturation, culture, barong landung, sacred and religious \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION  \n\n Tracing the development of the Balinese culture constitutes a historic process which \n\ncannot be separated from the acculturation process. The Balinese culture has been made to \n\nexist and develop based on the local cultural norm or value which adjusts to the era \n\ndevelopment. The people\u2019s sociocultural life shows the strong impact of foreign cultures in \n\ngeneral and the Chinese culture in particular. The Balinese performing art, culinary, \n\nhousehold and ritual equipment, ceramics, porcelain, silky products and so forth show this.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2613, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0b6894e7-9cdb-488d-ae2b-12fa5668dc4e": {"__data__": {"id_": "0b6894e7-9cdb-488d-ae2b-12fa5668dc4e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32128", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "09cc786da56e74c9b49d8635527cdc0be26c2b2b40881e51a82adcc2779af3ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cb3eadfa-22e2-4632-9c7b-64a032222a23", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "88bf319e82141a1f4edafab1fcd6af046b6940fafcaf32924b64f8ab5a3851ce", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6f0013c5-4d11-491e-9dd0-0456d124165f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c8a523a17bfcf76f52471421ff91c3f2d29471cab6d5ecd938dfce896e7c6796", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\n In arts in general and in the performing art in particular, the acculturation between the \n\nBalinese culture and Chinese culture has implicitly and explicitly taken place. They have \n\ndialogically and naturally assimilated in such a way that a new culture with specific and strong \n\nprofile has been created. The barong landung performing art illustrates this. The strong \n\nassumption that the Chinese culture has affected the existence of the barong landung \n\nperforming art can be clearly seen from its appearance and characteristic. The barong \n\nlandung is one type of barong in Bali which looks like a big and tall giant. The male one has \n\nirregular hair \u2018gobrang\u2019, protruding teeth \u2018jongos\u2019,  looks frightening, and has hard \n\ncharacteristic and is referred to as Jero Gede. The female one reflects a cultural acculturation \n\nand has the characteristic which the Chinese girl shows. It has narrow eyes, protruding \n\nforehead \u2018jantuk\u2019, a long chin , and curly hair and is referred to as Jero Luh.   \n\n This study is intended to understand the constellation of the barong landung \n\nperforming art in Bali from the perspective of cultural acculturation, to inventory it in the form \n\nof descriptive documentation, and to enrich the treasure of the performing art as a literary \n\nsource. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n    The qualitative method is used in the present study. The secondary data were \n\ncollected through the library research. The primary data were obtained through field research \n\nusing the interview and observational techniques. The data were analyzed through open \n\ncoding, axial coding, and selective coding using the critical theories of cultural studies.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\n The term acculturation is derived from the Latin word \u201cacculturate\u201d, meaning \u201cgrowing \n\nand developing together\u201d. According Koentjaraningrat, acculturation is a social process which \n\ntakes place if a social group with its culture is faced with a different foreign culture. Affinity is \n\nneeded to support the process of acculturation. Affinity refers to the cultural acceptance \n\nwithout getting surprised, which is then followed by homogeneity as a digested new culture \n\nresulting from the level of sameness and cultural characteristic (www.carajuki.com).  \n\n Among the American anthropologists the term acculturation has appeared since 1936 \n\nas the reaction towards the historic reconstruction studies which were considered less \n\ncomplete as they did not talk about the socio-cultural change (Bee, 1974:94; in Hadi, \n\n2006:35). So far the acculturation studies, if viewed from the perspective of cultural studies,", "start_char_idx": 2619, "end_char_idx": 5529, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6f0013c5-4d11-491e-9dd0-0456d124165f": {"__data__": {"id_": "6f0013c5-4d11-491e-9dd0-0456d124165f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32128", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "09cc786da56e74c9b49d8635527cdc0be26c2b2b40881e51a82adcc2779af3ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0b6894e7-9cdb-488d-ae2b-12fa5668dc4e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "2d291399f32f933d5b63ddf572741dcb20699e5521cf917407ac342c75c43875", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "04a24b41-6f20-4c80-ad59-e942ae5cc2a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2cc08ce874080a88ecae08e127ec6a6dbf89ec74c1cd72cc4469f84f9d3f7ced", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nstill analyze what is critically understood of the socio-cultural process. Now they are popular \n\nenough among the anthropologists. As a cultural change, acculturation is indicated by the \n\nrelationship between two cultures which give and receive from one another \u201cthe counter \n\nbetween two cultures\u201d as stated by Shorter (1988:5-8, in Hadi, 2006:35).  \n\n The acculturation between the Balinese culture and Chinese culture has taken place \n\nsince the Old Bali era; the existence of what is referred to as \u201cuang kepeng\u201d (coin with square \n\nhole) in Bali proves this. It was introduced as the currency exchange and a means of formal \n\npayment before 1300s. Finally, through the process of acculturation, it functioned to equip \n\nthe Hindu religious and traditional rituals performed in Bali (Harthawan, 2011: 30). Sidemen \n\n(2006:6-7) also stated that \u201cuang kepeng\u201d was predicted to be created in the beginning of the \n\n7th century, namely the during Tang Dynasty era. It was carried to Bali through the trading \n\nrelationship in the 9th century.  \n\n Apart from \u201cuang kepeng\u201d, the impact of the Chinese culture in Bali can also be seen \n\nfrom the existence of the barong landung performing art. This is an important historic datum. \n\nBased on the theories of acculturation mentioned above, it can be stated that in Bali the \n\nbarong landung performing art is a magical religious performing art. The Balinese people \n\nbelieve that it has a magical strength; therefore, it is performed on special days as part of the \n\ntraditional and religious rituals. The process of acculturation involving barong landung had \n\ntaken place since the pre-historic era, indicated by the development of the Hindu and Buddha \n\nkingdoms. This era formed the institutions which a number of special characteristics \n\nstrengthening the Balinese culture. R. Brandon, in his book entitled \u201cSeni Pertunjukan di Asia \n\nTenggara\u201d, which was translated by R. M. Soedarsono, stated that most experts are in the \n\nopinion that the Chinese people migrated to the southern countries from 2500 to 1500 A.D.  \n\nThe anthropologists refer to them as the Indonesian people, Austronesian people, proto-\n\nMalay people or deutro Malay people. They are also called the pre-historic immigrants \n\n(1989:9).  \n\n Based on what is stated above, it can be stated that Bali Island with its beautiful nature \n\nand customs and traditions, which is located in Indonesia, cannot be separated from the \n\nChinese immigrants. The historic datum which is closer to the acculturation of the Balinese \n\nculture and Chinese culture is the barong landung performing art. Barong landung is the \n\nsymbolic appearance of the Bali King, Sri Aji Jaya Pangus, who reigned from 1909 to 1103 \n\nCaka year and was married to Kang Cing Wie, a daughter of a rich Chinese merchant. Their \n\nmarriage changed the social life order within the kingdom and outside the palace.  However,", "start_char_idx": 5534, "end_char_idx": 8735, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "04a24b41-6f20-4c80-ad59-e942ae5cc2a1": {"__data__": {"id_": "04a24b41-6f20-4c80-ad59-e942ae5cc2a1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32128", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "09cc786da56e74c9b49d8635527cdc0be26c2b2b40881e51a82adcc2779af3ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6f0013c5-4d11-491e-9dd0-0456d124165f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "a5674a03e027e2987cca64ae125eaecdcdb457961c692f17066238da9043f82d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cd0ba104-fb27-4714-a953-9cd2fcae76fc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "87a000775f98d7df82431dc8b26daef65e36d49f5d09572efacf6d37a0f7709d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\nthe cultural acculturation and what was believed in Hinduism and Buddhism could not be \n\nseparated.  \n\n According to Jero I Made Darsana, an artist and writer from Banjar Kedisan, \n\nTegallalang, Gianyar, the marriage between the Bali King Sri Aji Jaya Pangus and Kang Cing \n\nWie opened the new history of the relationship between China and Bali. Although they did \n\nnot have any children, the King loved his wife.  In addition, he reigned so wisely that the \n\npeople were reluctant to him. Kang Cing Wie was wise, sincere, and kind; as a result, he was \n\nused as a model by the Balinese people. The Balinese people built several temples such as \n\nBatur Temple, Dalem Balingkang Temple, Gambur Anglayang Temple in Buleleng Regency \n\nand Besakih Temple in Karangasem Regency to respect and commemorate her. She has \n\nalso been referred to as \u201cRatu Subandar\u201d by the Balinese people living in Kintamani. The \n\ntemples where \u201cRatu Subandar\u201d is worshipped are not only taken care of by the Balinese \n\npeople living in Kintamani but also by the other people who are Hindus and Buddhists \n\n(interview, 12 MEXH 2017). Apart from that, the Balinese people have created two barong \n\nlandungs to eternalize King Sri Aji Jaya Pangus and his wife Kang Cing Wie for their \n\ngreatness and nobility as husband and wife. So far barong landung has been performed, \n\nmaintained and developed by the Balinese people. The regencies which maintain it are \n\nGianyar Regency, Denpasar City, Badung Regency, and Tabanan Regency.  \n\n The Barong landung performing art, as a traditional performing art, is performed \n\ndifferently from the other performing arts in Bali. If viewed from the form of its performance, it \n\nis a result of the cultural acculturation process. The Balinese cultural values and the elements \n\nof the people\u2019s arts have harmoniously and dynamically acculturated with the Chinese culture. \n\nThe acculturation does not deviate from the local people\u2019s socio-culture. Choreographically, \n\nthe barong landung performing art is a dance drama whose style is different from region to \n\nregion. Each has its own interesting element as its identity. The diversity in style can lead the \n\nbarong landong performing art to becoming an impressive, unique and interesting performing \n\nart. As well, it is also performed as part of the traditional and religious rituals in Bali.  \n\n As a magical and religious performing art, it is performed to ask for blessing, safety \n\nand protection for everybody (Proyek Pengembangan Kesenian Kantor Wilayah Department \n\nP. and K. Provinsi Bali, 1981/1982:74). It is not surprising that the Hindus in Bali develop \n\ndifferent types of traditional, magical and religious performing arts which are packaged based \n\non the siwam values (truth, spirituality), the satyam values (sincerity, loyalty and honesty), \n\nand sundaram value (beauty). The art expressions differently expressed by the Balinese", "start_char_idx": 8740, "end_char_idx": 11952, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cd0ba104-fb27-4714-a953-9cd2fcae76fc": {"__data__": {"id_": "cd0ba104-fb27-4714-a953-9cd2fcae76fc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32128", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "09cc786da56e74c9b49d8635527cdc0be26c2b2b40881e51a82adcc2779af3ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "04a24b41-6f20-4c80-ad59-e942ae5cc2a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "3ee190bff227f3af582af6a16b474e78f30825bdfb73a61e39669ba8b2fe4a6a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "339669fd-9e6b-44de-8501-18c629457f65", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "63b43d21655e87c0bdb662af3c4a71fa5a9c46cd9af43b4dfc0c89af91a7adf9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\npeople show that they are flexible as what is taught in Hinduism which maintains and develops \n\nwhat is created by its followers to show that they believe in the Almighty God \u201cIda Sang Hyang \n\nWidhi Wasa\u201d through the artistic and philosophical symbolic media as exemplified by barong \n\nlandong.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION  \n\n The openness and flexibility of the Balinese culture to the Chinese culture have been \n\nshown through the horizontal and vertical process of acculturation. During the acculturation \n\nprocess, the Balinese culture has not only directly received the Chinese culture but it has also \n\nfiltered and packaged it as new forms within the multicultural framework. Socio-culturally, the \n\nBalinese people, who are Hindus with their own culture, are constructed from the religious \n\nmagical values which have always dialectically, innovatively and dynamically developed in \n\naccordance with the local cultural values and norms and the era development.  \n\n The barong landung historically proves the movement and acculturation process of \n\nthe Balinese culture and Chinese culture which contribute to civilization, humanity, culture \n\nand the Balinese culture itself. Therefore, it is suggested to everybody that they should \n\nmaintain its greatness and holiness.  \n\n Seeing that the barong landung performing art is getting marginalized by the \n\nglobalized culture, it is suggested to the society, government, and formal and informal \n\ninstitutions to pay a particular attention to its maintenance and development according to the \n\nBalinese cultural norms.  \n\n \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\n The writer would like to thank and appreciate Prof. Dr. A.A. Bagus Wirawan, S.U. for \n\nhis attention and seriousness in supervising the process of the completion of this e-journal, \n\nProf. Dr. I Nyoman Suarka, M.Hum. for his patience, sacrifice and thoroughness in \n\nsupervising and constructively directing the process of the completion of this e-journal.  \n\n \n \n\nREFERENCE \n\nBrandon, James R. 1989. Seni Pertunjukan Di Asia Tenggara. Diterjemahkan Oleh R.M. \n\nSoedarsono ISI Yogyakarta. \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\nHadi, Y. Sumandiyo. 2006. Seni Dalam Ritual Agama. Yogyakarta: Buku Pustaka. \n\nHarthawan, I Dewa Nyoman. 2011. Uang Kepeng Cina Dalam Ritual Masyarakat Bali. \nDenpasar: Pustaka Larasan. \n\nProyek Pengembangan Kesenian. 1981/1982. Penggalian Data 8 Buah Kesenian Tari \nTradisional Di Bali. Denpasar: Wilayah Departemen P dan K Provinsi Bali. \n\nSidemen, Ida Bagus. 2002. Nilai Historis Uang Kepeng. Denpasar: Larasan-Sejarah.", "start_char_idx": 11957, "end_char_idx": 15074, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "339669fd-9e6b-44de-8501-18c629457f65": {"__data__": {"id_": "339669fd-9e6b-44de-8501-18c629457f65", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32131", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "3ac14507fe687538e8c767cb01ce69c49cb7f300974ac6427ab032c48293a5ff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cd0ba104-fb27-4714-a953-9cd2fcae76fc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32128", "author": "Cerita, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BARONG LANDUNG PERFORMING ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ACCULTURATION", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32128.pdf"}, "hash": "2c6aaf52c2450bd25fef5f61c23f3914e30587924c6fbddf3ba0bc63d021da3f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2d4f11b7-2814-42d3-97f5-9d886a22d2e9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c868053c03a3b7a70dedc3da8a5d765407e90f414b01633343913a9bddfc86d5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Kiki Sanjaya 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nCOMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI \n \n\nI Wayan Kiki Sanjaya1  \nI Gede Mudana2 \n\nemail: kikisanjayabali@gmail.com1, gedemudana@pnb.ac.id2  \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\n This present study analyzes the success of the practice performed by the investors in \nhotel industry using the ideology of the compassionate capitalism. The study was conducted \nin Ubud as the habitus of the investors in hotel industry. The area has the characteristic of \ntending to be resistant and strongly bound to customs and traditions, and is skeptical to the \ngradual modern impact. The problem of the study is what the practice of the compassionate \ncapitalism performed by the investors of hotel industry in Ubud like. The study is intended to \nidentify the form of the practice performed by the investors in hotel industry in Ubud as a \ntourist destination, Gianyar Regency, Bali. The qualitative-interpretative method was used. \nThe data were collected using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The \ndata were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing using \nthe theories of cultural studies which are eclectically related.  \n The result of the study identifies that the investors in hotel industry in Ubud perform \ntheir practices by: (1) using the Company Social Responsibilities (CSR) as the basis for \nperforming their practice in hotel industry; (2) adopting the local genius stated in the \ncommunity-based tourism, CBT). The finding of the study indicates that the investors use the \nstructural pattern of the compassionate capitalism which adapts to capitalism in the case \nstudy of hotel industry.  \n \nKeyword: investor, practice, compassionate capitalism, and hotel industry \n \n \n\nBACKGROUND  \n\n The background of the study is the fact that a great deal of investments in the forms \n\nof international, multinational and local hotels have been made in Ubud since 2005. On the \n\none hand, there has been a phenomenon that Ubud has the rural atmosphere and highly \n\nstrongly maintains customs and traditions; on the other hand, it is often less resistant. In \n\naddition, the success achieved by the investors in constructing hotels in Ubud is surprising; \n\nhowever, this leads to a critical analogy. The critical analogy appears when the practice \n\nperformed by the investors is separable from the jargon of the atmosphere of tourism in Ubud, \n\nincluding the people\u2019s resistance and being free from any conflict taking place as illustrated \n\nby what happened to the Four Season Sayan in 2002 and Kupu-Kupu Barong Hotel in 2015.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2958, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2d4f11b7-2814-42d3-97f5-9d886a22d2e9": {"__data__": {"id_": "2d4f11b7-2814-42d3-97f5-9d886a22d2e9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32131", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "3ac14507fe687538e8c767cb01ce69c49cb7f300974ac6427ab032c48293a5ff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "339669fd-9e6b-44de-8501-18c629457f65", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "4489c31240051ddf0cd637a30c0eef3d2e14b3dcfdc81574656abbc7b0ca49d2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6c637c59-62fa-4cb0-bcdd-a23a75f1556e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "61e5a043ad3eb708b5aeb9bab5fdc076ddbc4636bbb73a5b41c5777a48069c3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\n This present study is urgent for several reasons. First, it is interesting to explore the \n\nfact that there has not been any answer to the pattern in which the investors perform their \n\npractice in hotel industry in Ubud which seems not to be covered by the journalists and to be \n\nhidden through the idiom of the company\u2019s secret. Second, from the perspective of cultural \n\nstudies, what is performed by the investors leads to a critical way of thinking to see the \n\nelements of the investors\u2019 interests as the subject of the study and to defend the marginalized \n\npeople, namely the local people living in Ubud.  \n\n The references which were raised to support the study had been chosen and studied \n\nbased on closeness to the present study and several basic points, namely the investors, the \n\npractice which the investors perform and hotel industry. One of the references is the study \n\nwhich was conducted by Purnaya (2015) and Mudana (2005).  Purnaya (2015) stated that \n\nthe Bali Tourism Development Corporate (BTDC) in Nusa Dua could not be separated from \n\nthe relation of power in the area. He also stated that there was an important point that the \n\npractice of power performed in the development of BTDC in Nusa Dua within a period of time \n\ncould be clearly observed. What is written by Purnaya is a very close reference used in this \n\npresent study.  It is accepted and this present study is intended to identify whether what has \n\nbeen done by the investors in Ubud  who do the same thing as what has been done to develop \n\nBTDC in Nusa Dua in developing hotel industry.  \n\n The second reference is the study conducted by Mudana (2005) entitled \n\n\u201cPembangunan Nirwana Resort (BNR) in Tanah Lot Area: Hegemony and the People\u2019s \n\nResistance at Beraban Village, Tabanan, Bali\u201d. He was interested in raising this topic as the \n\nlocal people disagreed with the construction of the BNR hotel at that time. He observed every \n\nissue which led to the conflict between the local people and the BNR hotel management. The \n\nlocal people asked that the BNR hotel implemented the concept of Tri Hita Karana (the axis \n\nof balance among the environment, man and spirituality). Furthermore, Mudana importantly \n\ninformed that as the New Order government was collapsing, the BNR hotel management and \n\nthe local people were getting more harmonious. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n The data are analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and intepretatively. The result of the \n\ndata analysis is presented using words in the form of an extended text. This process covers \n\nthe attempt made to understand the problems of the study through thick description (Geertz,", "start_char_idx": 2964, "end_char_idx": 5910, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6c637c59-62fa-4cb0-bcdd-a23a75f1556e": {"__data__": {"id_": "6c637c59-62fa-4cb0-bcdd-a23a75f1556e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32131", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "3ac14507fe687538e8c767cb01ce69c49cb7f300974ac6427ab032c48293a5ff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2d4f11b7-2814-42d3-97f5-9d886a22d2e9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "9347f9f69d989cd5c1323a29490b64a36a65c76ecc4b764b5a50e05a1395e2a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a8fc469b-bbba-4d20-a60d-cce7da655873", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8967df1c32600b4e37508bfa79d9b05f3bd4509a5a8a78fddaa7179d4d6d12b5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\n1992:45). The result of the study is presented using the scientific language which can be \n\neasily understood, as the result of the study tends to be qualitative.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\n Hotel management is prescribed in the Decree of the Minister of Post and \n\nTelecommunication Number KM.94/Hk.103/MPPT-87. It is intended to make sure that the \n\nhotel guests are safe and secure (Muljadi, 2016: 60). From the view point of cultural studies, \n\nhotel industry is the domain where the investors perform their practice which is then used as \n\na business commodity. The main products they sell are rooms, foods, beverages and \n\nrecreation. The main concept in the present study is that hotel industry is a service business \n\ntrading (trade-in service) and customers satisfying business.  \n\n The current economic phenomenon is that the capitalists keep open free trade. They \n\ncompete against one another with the same ideology, namely making their companies grow \n\nand develop in accordance with the theory of Marx (in Sutrisno & Putranto, 2005: 21) \n\nconcerning the liberal-capitalism which is hereinafter referred to as the capitalism model Marx \n\n(passionate capitalism). From the point of view of cultural studies, the ideology of capitalism \n\nwhich refers to the pattern of passionate capitalism is regarded as the same as neo \n\nimperialism in modern economy. What is pointed at by neo imperialism is not too vulgar as in \n\nthis condition if man adheres to the ideology of neo classic as \u201chomo eoconomicus\u201d, he will \n\ncalculate rationally based on their interests and desires. In short, capitalism is identical with \n\nthe theory of a game. One guesses the strategy used by and the game played by another.  \n\nHe/she does his/her best to increase the benefit with different types of scenes (Parsoon in \n\nSutisna and Putranto, 2005: 54).  \n\n Being promising and open, the hotel industry is critically assumed to be able to be \n\ncontrolled by the capitalists with their strong capitals. The shareholders are involved in the \n\nhotel subsector for the sake of profit as what occurred during the colonial era. However, the \n\nshareholders only focus their attention to the economic sector (Balipost.com, 2015).  \n\n I Made Sukarjana, one of the agents of the investors, who used to work as a general \n\nmanager, as far as what unfair role is played by the investors in hotel industry for the sake of \n\nbenefit is concerned, stated as follows. \n\n[\u201c\u2026although the investors have a lot of money, they will still borrow money from the \nbanks which are their partners. Their objective is to manipulate the income tax \u2026the \nmore benefit is gained the higher the income tax reduction will be; however, if they", "start_char_idx": 5915, "end_char_idx": 8901, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a8fc469b-bbba-4d20-a60d-cce7da655873": {"__data__": {"id_": "a8fc469b-bbba-4d20-a60d-cce7da655873", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32131", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "3ac14507fe687538e8c767cb01ce69c49cb7f300974ac6427ab032c48293a5ff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6c637c59-62fa-4cb0-bcdd-a23a75f1556e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "d2ec41d0524b613cfc95b1feaf9001a53719f5beb484cc4a0143a9773a239258", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ecb78843-10a8-46e3-88d1-73f176be5185", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "409f4a675eddb2d01f7512849b90ae05b57ef1d4ef356d577c715cdd3c328ff5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\nborrow money from the bank, automatically they may be free from the tax reduction \nas it is subtracted with their loan \u2026\u201d (Interview on 5 August 2016).  \n \n\n From 2015 to 2017 the conventional model of capitalism has been denied in Ubud. \n\nSuch a denial has led to a clash. The investors and the agents who manage the hotels in \n\nUbud area have been intimidated. In 2002 the access to the Four Seasons Sayan Hotel was \n\nblockaded by the local people. The Kupu-Kupu Barong Hotel management was intimidated \n\nin 2012 as it was found to have deviated from the developmental regulation. In addition, in \n\n2015 the Four Seasons Hotel was also reported by the stakeholders for legalizing the \n\nweeding event of gays.  \n\n The investors especially those who are involved in hotel industry in Ubud have an \n\nopportunity to exist again. They have the opportunity to invest and keep legalizing capitalism \n\nthrough the Act of Tourism Number 10 of 2009 and the doctrine of the United Nations \n\nOrganization and the guidance of OECD. The point was that they should collaborate with the \n\nlocal people to perform post colonialism referred to as the ideology of compassionate \n\ncapitalism. This model has been successfully performed by the investors in Ubud area.  \n\n One of the strategies employed to perform capitalism is adopting it as the recorded \n\ncompassionate capitalism. The CSR given to the local people exemplifies this. When the \n\npresent study was conducted at Padang Tegal, Kedewatan and Tegallantang almost all the \n\nhotels gave CSR to the local people. CSR can be in the forms of donations for any traditional \n\nritual, monthly contribution and the recruitment of the local workers. They are trained and \n\nappointed hotel employees. Puri Wulandari Hotel, Ritz Calton Madapa and Griya Shanti Villas \n\nand Spa give CSR to the local people. From the perspective of cultural studies and the theory \n\nof compassionate capitalism, although the investors still gain benefit from the businesses they \n\nundertake, they socially share it with the local people as stated by Pilliang. The other benefit \n\ngained by the investors is that they are protected by the local people when they have \n\nproblems.  \n\n This argument can be proved by what had happened at Kupu-Kupu Barong hotel, \n\nwhere there was a conflict between the hotel management and Bunutan Traditional Village \n\nwhich was settled through the assistance provided by Kedewatan Traditional Village which \n\nhad been \u201cfunded\u201d by the hotel through its CSR (tribunnews.com.2015).", "start_char_idx": 8906, "end_char_idx": 11727, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ecb78843-10a8-46e3-88d1-73f176be5185": {"__data__": {"id_": "ecb78843-10a8-46e3-88d1-73f176be5185", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32131", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "3ac14507fe687538e8c767cb01ce69c49cb7f300974ac6427ab032c48293a5ff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a8fc469b-bbba-4d20-a60d-cce7da655873", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "ace0ce9515dc1f0638b194c11473a19343a8b30da815f2c064abd59700182b36", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fc2daa4c-be6b-437a-9a23-8d107e7a5316", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "06fb250e529f640c81df40e0246fba4b16715457b999a739ddb85f137d315e96", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION  \n\n Ubud adopts and performs the local genius in their people-based tourism. The \n\nadoption of the local genius can be seen from the hegemony of the local people in the form \n\nof the structure of the hotel buildings in Ubud. Puri Wulandari Hotel, Maya Ubud Hotel, Ritz \n\nCalton Madapa Hotel and Griya Shanti Villas and Spa exemplify this. The good intention of \n\nthe investors to appreciate the local culture has turned out to cause their businesses in \n\ntourism industry to exist in Ubud. The city hotels in Ubud keep being scorned by the traditional \n\nvillage. Even firm actions have also been taken, leading to the deconstruction of the hotel \n\nfloor and structure. The Evitel Hotel and Zen Hotel exemplify this. No hotels which adopt the \n\nlocal culture have been deconstructed.  \n\n What is performed by the investors through compassionate capitalism has caused \n\nthem not to deviate from the act of tourism. In relation to this, Head of the Department of \n\nTourism of Gianyar Regency, Anak Agung Dalem Jagadhita, when he was interviewed on 12 \n\nAugust 2016, informed: \u201c\u2026 so far from the hotels observed in Ubud Area nothing has been \n\nfound to be black listed from the Department of Tourism of Gianyar Regency \u2026\u201d. \n\n It turns out that the ideology of compassionate capitalism has been performed since \n\n2000s. Puri Wulandari, as a star hotel constructed in 2000s, is recorded as the first hotel \n\nwhich has been in existence until now. The owner is a Balinese.  \n\n In practice, the ideology which is referred to by the star and non-star hotels is \n\ncompassionate capitalism. It has been structured (patterned) in Ubud area. From the \n\nperspective of cultural studies, the ideology of compassionate capitalism performed by the \n\ninvestors and their agents cannot be separated from the simulation of what is proposed by \n\nParsons (in Sutrisno and Putranto, 2005:58). However, what is proposed by Parsons has \n\nbeen adopted and adapted by the investors and applied to the local people under the \n\ntraditional village.  \n\n In brief it is suggested that those who are involved in the development of tourism in \n\nUbud should refer back to the community-based tourism \u2018CBT\u2019 as what it is originally defined. \n\nIf not, CBT will be pseudo-awareness and Ubud will be similar to the other tourist destinations.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS   \n\n In this opportunity the writer would like to thank all the supervisors for supervising the \n\nprocess of completing this e-journal; they are I Nyoman Darma Putra, I Wayan Ardika, and I \n\nGede Mudana.", "start_char_idx": 11742, "end_char_idx": 14596, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fc2daa4c-be6b-437a-9a23-8d107e7a5316": {"__data__": {"id_": "fc2daa4c-be6b-437a-9a23-8d107e7a5316", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32131", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "3ac14507fe687538e8c767cb01ce69c49cb7f300974ac6427ab032c48293a5ff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ecb78843-10a8-46e3-88d1-73f176be5185", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "fca6890009c5981da9b79f077c7fab72b314066bb444dc59dfa2c5b48dc8b41e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "18fb9325-cf37-4534-843d-4169e1ccddf6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d5c082d5f3f0df336a94b77b32578f675b3902f6f90c68ea46145a04161dde6d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAdiputra, Mariana. 2013. \u201cPemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin di Hotel Suly Resort, Yoga dan \nSpa Melalui Yayasan Bali Global Ubud-Bali\u201d (tesis). Denpasar: Program Magister \nKajian Pariwisata Universitas Udayana. \n\nMudana, I Gede. 2005. \u201cPembangunan Bali Nirwana Resort (BNR) di kawasan Tanah Lot: \nHegemoni dan perlawanan di Desa Braban, Tabanan, Bali\u201d (disertasi). Denpasar: \nProgram doktor Kajian Budaya Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Udayana.  \n\nMuljadi, A.J. 2012. Kepariwisataan dan Perjalanan. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. \n\nPetras, James. 2014. Menelanjangi Globalisasi. Jakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nPurnaya. 2014.\u201cRelasi kuasa dalam pengelolaan resor wisata Nusa Dua, Bali\u201d (disertasi). \nDenpasar: Program doktor Kajian Budaya Program Pascasarjana Universitas \nUdayana. \n\nSutrisno, Mudji dan Hendar Putranto. 2005. Teori-Teori Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: PT \nKanisius.", "start_char_idx": 14602, "end_char_idx": 15779, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "18fb9325-cf37-4534-843d-4169e1ccddf6": {"__data__": {"id_": "18fb9325-cf37-4534-843d-4169e1ccddf6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32132", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "bede7d5676e37d2d5058b004c9b95e179e1e9497062a48968baaee4a417d9c1d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fc2daa4c-be6b-437a-9a23-8d107e7a5316", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32131", "author": "Sanjaya, I Wayan Kiki; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32131.pdf"}, "hash": "a0ebad8c829aaa8d507333035e4dec4aa23723270cffb21c35da9cf28815e1e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7d70a268-b7e6-48b6-90f4-533d18755cfa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2091ea05282927529cb13fb7a0b6ce152034c468a856740174aed5bf0298cba9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Nurita 3\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nTHE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY \n IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI \n\n \nWayan Nurita \n\nI Nyoman Suarka \nAA Bagus Wirawan \n\nI Nyoman Dhana  \nSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Bahasa Asing Saraswati, Denpasar \n\nemail: nuritabali@yahoo.com \n \n \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nQuite a lot of Balinese people nowadays are pursuing different martial arts coming \n\nfrom other nations, among others is Aikido. Aikido as one of the martial arts of Japan can be \naccepted and is growing well in Bali which has the background of market ideology as one of \nthe impacts of globalization. The development process of Aikidoin Bali both in addition to the \nnumber of training venues (Dojo) and improving the quality of the participants\u2019 techniques \n(Aikidoka) under the supervisionof Bali Aikido Master Organization (Bari Aikikai) which has \nbeen established since 1997. By questioning what kind of ideology is working in the \ndevelopment of Aikido Martial Arts in Bali, this research is a qualitative research which applies \nthe Hypereality theory of Jean Baudrillard. \n\nResult of the research shows that the development of aikido martial arts in Bali both \nin the development of the dojo and the aikidokaare in the process to reach certain levels. In \norder to reach both, the allocation of time and funds are required. Bari aikikai is a Japan \nsubordinate of aikidomartial arts organization (Nihon Aikikai). Everything related to the \ndevelopment of aikido martial art in Bali is done through Bari Aikikai.  The Japanese as the \ncultural owner and discourse producer play an important role in relation to the market ideology \nin it. This condition and realitycan be seen in the development process of aikido martial art in \nBali. Both the dojo and aikidoka managers spend a lot of money in terms of training in the \nform of compulsory dues and other dues payment. This research also found a new paradigm \nthat behind the acceptance and development of aikidomartial artsas the globalization of \nculture, there is market ideology behind the discourse. \n \nKeywords: ideology, market, development, martial arts, aikido. \n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\nThe existence of globalization on the one hand and the development of global tourism \n\nbusiness on the other hand, one of Japan aikidomartial arts was born, accepted, grow and \n\ndevelop in Bali. The intensity of entry and development of aikido in Bali cannot be separated", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2755, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7d70a268-b7e6-48b6-90f4-533d18755cfa": {"__data__": {"id_": "7d70a268-b7e6-48b6-90f4-533d18755cfa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32132", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "bede7d5676e37d2d5058b004c9b95e179e1e9497062a48968baaee4a417d9c1d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "18fb9325-cf37-4534-843d-4169e1ccddf6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "5553e6bc52a37a5dbbd0d5d88e9f7a0ef8483b35705d1ada711a5d34f56a9d47", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "36441335-96e6-4033-8317-24df760c8c23", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0615fb118e6bf4de6f7023428ba9902d743de7e1ad42c0598b5f1f8bd77f639f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\nfrom the issue of globalization, the power and domination of Japan in the world constellation, \n\nboth politically, economically, and culturally. \n\nIn order to maintain and clarify its identity, Indonesian people with the Balinese among \n\nothers should still preserve their traditional martial arts because it can also be used as \n\ninstruments or tools to develop identity for both local and national societies (Koentjaraningrat, \n\n1985: 115). Meanwhile, many Balinese now receive and develop severalof martial arts that \n\ncome from other nations including one of the martial arts of Japan named Aikido. Aikido \n\nmartial arts established in Bali since 1995 and up to this time (2017) has spread in Badung \n\nandGianyarregencies also in the city of Denpasar and has had the number of members as \n\nmany as 348 people. \n\nIn the reality, all activities in developingaikido martial arts in Bali including the \n\ninvolvement of the mass media, under the supervision of Japanaikido martial arts \n\norganization (Nihon Aikikai), will eventually contribute benefit in the form of material to the \n\nmain dojo in Tokyo-Japan either for the coaches assigned to Bali as well as the main \n\norganization of Aikido martial arts in Japan (Nihon Aikaki) in the form of member dues around \n\nthe world including Bali. Actually the fact is interesting to be studied more deeply because the \n\ndiscourse ofaikido martial development in Bali as one of Japanese cultures, brings market \n\nideology in it. Based on the explanation and information mentioned before, the problem \n\nformulated in this research is why there is a market ideology in the development of aikido \n\nmartial arts in Bali. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThis study applied qualitative method which give emphasize to cultural meaning with \n\nethnographic approach, including among others (1) entering the life of Balinese aikidoka both \n\nindividually and in group; (2) seeing the process of aikido martial arts development in Bali \n\nboth from organizational establishment, dojomanagement, process of level experienced by \n\naikidoka, the competing of meaning to clarify the identity and play with ideology, image, power \n\nwhich ultimately compete for the fiscal capital. This research uses four locationsof \n\ndojoaikidomartial arts in Bali such as: (1) Dojo Samurai at TukadGanggaRenon, (2) Dojo in \n\nthe village of Sumerta Denpasar, (3) Dojo Aura at Sunset Road-Kuta, and (4) ) Dojo Kami at \n\nSouth  Jimbaran-Kuta. \n\nThe type of data used in this research is qualitative and quantitative data. The data \n\nsources used include primary and secondary data sources. The research instrument is the", "start_char_idx": 2760, "end_char_idx": 5678, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "36441335-96e6-4033-8317-24df760c8c23": {"__data__": {"id_": "36441335-96e6-4033-8317-24df760c8c23", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32132", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "bede7d5676e37d2d5058b004c9b95e179e1e9497062a48968baaee4a417d9c1d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7d70a268-b7e6-48b6-90f4-533d18755cfa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "98f1dba8ddfefed43b928e78a47d51b58125e04ab87074396cd372eb29e13fb3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d885aa96-0376-430a-9ec9-bf6387237acc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "aed43a1cfc14a8d2c77eb249fbdec8d609a0e0932254d3035d31c15163e0aaaa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\nresearcher himself. The technique of determining the informant is using purposive sampling. \n\nData collection techniques consist of observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and \n\nliterarystudy. Data analysis techniques are using descriptive-qualitative and interpretative \n\nanalysis techniques. The theory used is the Hypereality Theory of Jean Baudrillad. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\nAikido martial arts as one of the Japanese cultures that has spread and cultivated by \n\naikidokain some dojos in Bali.  In the process of development it requires dojo for the training \n\nplace in order to improve the quality of technique of aikidoka. The establishment of dojos by \n\nthe managers (aikidoka) that has met the standard according to bariaikikaki shows the \n\nsuccessful of development of aikido martial arts in Bali. With this success is actually the \n\nsuccessful of the Japanese. The Japanese, in this case dojo aikido martial arts center (Honbu \n\ndojo) has succeeded in developing aikido martial arts through hand stands (Bali Aikikai) in \n\nBali. \n\nThe development of dojo in order to develop aikido martial arts in Bali, means that it \n\nrequires a lot of cost for Baliaikidoka. A number of dojo managers in Bali do not have their \n\nown land which means that they rent the land. It means that the dojo managers also have to \n\nspend money for buildings, additional funds for other means such as: matrass, exercise \n\nequipment such as stick (jo), sword (bokutou), and wooden knife (tantou). There is also fee \n\nfor promotional purposes. \n\nThe emergence of several dojos as a proof of the successful development of aikido \n\nmartial arts in Bali. It shows that Bali aikidoka also gets benefit especially for managers and \n\ncoach assistant because with the establishment of new dojos means that the managers and \n\ncoach assistant will get income in the form of material. The material income earned by \n\ndojomanagers are the rest of expenditure on building leases, training facilities, and expenses \n\nfor other instructors. This reality shows that in the management of the dojo raises the market \n\nideology because the development of aikido martial arts in the establishment of dojo its \n\nultimate goal is material income. \n\nAikido martial arts as a product of Japanese culture and Baliaikidoka as a consumer. \n\nIn this case Baliaikidokadoes not only consume the products (aikidomartial arts) but also \n\nconsumes symbols that determine the image to form their identity. This reality shows that \n\nconsumerism is not merely related to the role model of symbolic value, but relates also to the \n\nquestion of identity. Consumption is not merely the matters of expenditure or acquisition of", "start_char_idx": 5683, "end_char_idx": 8655, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d885aa96-0376-430a-9ec9-bf6387237acc": {"__data__": {"id_": "d885aa96-0376-430a-9ec9-bf6387237acc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32132", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "bede7d5676e37d2d5058b004c9b95e179e1e9497062a48968baaee4a417d9c1d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "36441335-96e6-4033-8317-24df760c8c23", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "52305d64951bd7c5a9650afa2b355996e5ce39201d2fbe2b1ca2cb11a3511253", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1b3c8d9e-e1e9-44b8-98a8-3eb28dd818b0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ba14540a676b457723c0f62c2ecf06d38d683f9f99d31968fc012a56ec054b2b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\nobjects to be self-owned on the basis of use value, but also the purchase of identity. Through \n\naikidomartial training, Baliaikidoka as Japanese cultural consumers form their own identity \n\nand have authority to compete for the capital in the form of material obtained from other \n\naikidokawho are practicing in the dojo he leads. \n\nTo improve the quality of technique and the increase of level, Baliaikidokaneeds a \n\nlong and sustainable time and also a lot of budget. The costs ranging from routine training \n\ncosts in the form of time tuition, seminar fees, training costs outside the camp dojo (training \n\ncamp) members of bariAikikai, and fees for the exam. Other costs such as participating in \n\noutdoor activities or seminars and examinations in Japan, all individuals are responsible for \n\nthis in accordance with their needs of the costs concerned. To follow the training activities in \n\nJapan, in addition to transportation, accommodation, and consumption costs are also \n\nrequired to attend the seminar.  And if there is Bali aikidoka who take the test for the higher \n\nlevel will be charged according to the level. Realizing this fact can be said that it is impossible \n\nwithout sum of material and much time to be able to achieve a higher level in aikido martial \n\narts because there are several conditions specified by the dojo center of aikido martial arts in \n\nTokyo-Japan. \n\nThe main requirement of aikidoka to have a black belt (and) is to take the test for the \n\nDan higher level that is tested by the Japanese. In the test the Bali aikidokacan invite teachers \n\nfrom Japan to come to Bali by facilitating transportation, accommodation, fee to test, donation \n\nto the central dojo in Tokyo, and transportation or the Bali aikidokaare required to come to \n\nTokyo for the test and certainly requires sum of money. From this fact it can be said that for \n\nBali aikidoka who wants to improve the quality have to prepare time and sum of Japan \n\ncurrency. All expenses of Baliaikidoka paid to Honbudojo in Tokyo in the form of Japanese \n\ncurrency. Thus it can be said that the development of aikido martial arts in Bali, both the \n\ndevelopment of the dojo and the improvement of the quality of his aikidoka ultimately provide \n\nmaterial benefits to the Japanese as the owner of the culture. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nBased on the description on the discussion there are several things can be concluded \n\nas follows. Firstly, the market ideology for the development of aikido martial arts in Bali can \n\nbe seen in terms of the establishment and management of dojo. Secondly, for the Baliaikidoka \n\nin order to improve the quality and the level requires a long and continuous time along with \n\nthe budget to practice, attend seminars, and other expenses. With the level and the identity", "start_char_idx": 8660, "end_char_idx": 11761, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1b3c8d9e-e1e9-44b8-98a8-3eb28dd818b0": {"__data__": {"id_": "1b3c8d9e-e1e9-44b8-98a8-3eb28dd818b0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32132", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "bede7d5676e37d2d5058b004c9b95e179e1e9497062a48968baaee4a417d9c1d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d885aa96-0376-430a-9ec9-bf6387237acc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "5ddab73bd9a264da196364395eb4ce64d115199f7807451d7742ab2580d3c04b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ac6bca5e-be9a-48c8-9a7d-145e82cb3be3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "67acb901284628200035aaf8a8db012abcf75fb1992ac407bb0d0a8c0066153f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nbelong to Bali aikidokaultimately they also can get the material income by the profession as \n\na trainer in the dojo. The amount of budget spent by Bali aikidoka in relation to training and \n\nrating of higher level, became the income for the Japanese as a real form of market ideology. \n\nBy looking at the reality with regard to market ideology in the development of aikido \n\nmartial arts in Bali, can be put forward to the government in this case the Education \n\nDepartment of Youth and Sport of Bali Province to see or adopt the superiority of the \n\nmanagement system in aikido martial arts so that it can be applied to native Indonesia martial \n\narts management in Bali. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nFirst of all I would like to praise the Almighty God, Ida Sang HyangWidhiWasa, \n\nbecause of His blessing a research entitled The Background of Market Ideology in the \n\nDevelopment of Beladiri Aikido in Balican be completedas it is expected. \n\nOn this occasion I would like to express my gratitude tothe team of the research \n\nrespectively: Prof. Dr. I NyomanSuarka, M.Hum., Prof. Dr. AnakAgungBagusWirawan, S.U., \n\nand Dr. I NyomanDhana, M.Si.,and also to the management of E Journal of Cultural Studies \n\nof UdayanaUniversity.Last but not least hopefullythis research will be useful especially in the \n\nfield of cultural studies which will be able to manifests human emancipation in the sphere of \n\nmartial arts in Bali. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAdlin, Alfatri. 2006. Menggeledah Hasrat: Sebuah Pendekatan Multi Perspektif. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa. 2010. AJEG BALI: Gerakan, Identitas Kultural, dan Globalisasi. Yogyakarta: \nLKiS. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktik (terj. Nurhadi). Yogyakarta: Kreasi \nwacana \n\nBungin, M. Burhan. 2008. Penelitian Kualitatif: Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan \n\nPublik, dan Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Jakarta: Kencana. \n\nFeatherstone, Mike. 2005. Posmodernisme dan Budaya Konsumen. (terj. Misbah / ulfa \nElizabeth). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nKoentjaraningrat. 2015. Kebudayaan Mentalitas dan Pembangunan. Jakarta: Gramedia \nPustaka Utama. Cetakan kedua puluh satu 2015. \n\nNippon Budokan Foundation. 2009. Budo: The Martial Ways of Japan. Edited and Translated \nby Alexander Bennett. Tokyo: Shuusansha. \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2009. Posrealitas. Realitas Kebudayaan dalam Era Posmetafisika. \nYogyakarata: Jalasutra. \n\nSaito, Morihiro. 1995. Traditional Aikido: Sword. Stick Body Arts. Tokyo: \n\nSugarawa Martial Art Institute, Inc.", "start_char_idx": 11766, "end_char_idx": 14858, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ac6bca5e-be9a-48c8-9a7d-145e82cb3be3": {"__data__": {"id_": "ac6bca5e-be9a-48c8-9a7d-145e82cb3be3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32133", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "c31bb5ec05eb31fe6886631d0d42c5be2167268edccedd888cba14762c7db838", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1b3c8d9e-e1e9-44b8-98a8-3eb28dd818b0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32132", "author": "Nurita, Wayan; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman", "title": " THE BACKGROUND OF MARKET IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELADIRI AIKIDO IN BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32132.pdf"}, "hash": "bfec6349fb78c97e97f489769bcc022f941075fdbe280c27c8cf0c3097bdfa17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "784a74e0-b8a8-4904-b5f2-2b79f0ff8cc0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "df4a04773ed8abae1fe54ade544bd412a18a6128b695a1e3b411dcf7aff85c33", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - AA Sri Wahyuni 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 19-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nDECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES  \nAT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI \n\n \nAnak Agung Nyoman Sri Wahyuni \n\nAA Bagus Wirawan \nAnak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara \n\nemail: yuniagung@hotmail.com \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Globalization extraordinarily affects the Senang Hati Foundation. The roles played by \nthe agents of empowerment such as the Non-government OrganizationS and government \nare enormous. The government should pay attention to every citizen, including those with \ndisabilities as they also need justness, as stated in the Five Principles \u2018Pancasila\u2019 and the \n1945 Constitution and the Act Number 4 of 1997 concerning people with disabilities, which \nwas then changed into the Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2016 concerning \npeople with disabilities. This present study is intended to identify the empowerment of the \npeople with disabilities at the Gianyar Senang Hati Foundation, Bali. The qualitative method \nis used. The data were taken from the primary data source and secondary data source. The \ndata were obtained through observation, in-depth interview, and library research. The theory \nof hegemony, the theory of deconstruction, and the theory of social practice are used in the \npresent study.  \n The result of the study shows as follows. First, the Foundation has four programs \nwhich are implemented to empower people with disabilities. They are social program, \neducational program, health program, and economic program. Second, the obstacles the \nFoundation faces can be divided into two. They are the internal obstacle and external \nobstacle. Third, the obstacle affects the existence of the Foundation, its management, its \nmembers, the government, donators and society. The finding of the study is that the \nFoundation has not been able to empower all of its members yet. In addition, the agents of \nthe empowerment of people with disabilities have different interests.  \n \nKeywords: globalization, deconstruction, empowerment, foundation, and people with \ndisabilities \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION  \n\n Globalization extraordinarily affects the empowerment of the people with disabilities \n\nat the Senang Hati Foundation. The implant of cultural values such as discipline, hardworking, \n\nbeing efficient, and being responsible are the fundamental parts of the process of the \n\nempowerment of people in the current era of globalization.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2769, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "784a74e0-b8a8-4904-b5f2-2b79f0ff8cc0": {"__data__": {"id_": "784a74e0-b8a8-4904-b5f2-2b79f0ff8cc0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32133", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "c31bb5ec05eb31fe6886631d0d42c5be2167268edccedd888cba14762c7db838", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ac6bca5e-be9a-48c8-9a7d-145e82cb3be3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "74fdfb6c7888ee32b059d0d17de3df85fc0a24b17454dc3b0f8560e7b626f371", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b8e19cf2-0dc3-45a5-9f48-b99a761882a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0d852b5e2b452da7d12153b99e51eb461f4e2938ce52eee44b3f255d84e9f992", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 19-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\n The roles played by the agents of empowerment such as the non-government \n\norganizations and government greatly contribute to the success achieved by the Gianyar \n\nSenang Hati Foundation, Bali in empowering people with disabilities. They are empowered \n\nto be effective, efficient, and independent. Every citizen including those with disabilities taken \n\ncare of by  the Senang Hati Foundation are entitled to justness, as stated in the Five Principles \n\n\u2018Pancasila\u2019 as the source of every law in Indonesia, and the 1945 Constitution, the Act \n\nNumber 4 of 1997 concerning people with disabilities, which was then changed into the Act \n\nof the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2016 concerning people with disabilities.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n The qualitative method is used in the present study. The data were collected through \n\nin-depth interview, observation and library research. The data were analyzed, verified and \n\nconcluded in the forms of narration, tables, pictures and charts from the perspective of cultural \n\nstudies. In this context, deconstruction refers to the concept of deconstruction proposed by \n\nDerrida. The data were analyzed using the theory of hegemony proposed by Gramsci and \n\nthe theory of social practice proposed by Bourdieu.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n  The Senang Hati Foundation, as one of the social non-profit organizations, was \n\nestablished on 5 May 2003. The Foundation has its own Statues and Bylaws which it refers \n\nto when undertaking its social activities. It also refers to the Act of the Republic of Indonesia \n\nNumber 32 of 2004 concerning the regional government, the Act of the Republic of Indonesia \n\nNumber 6 of 1974 concerning the basic provisions of social welfare, the Decree of the Minister \n\nfor Social Affairs Number 40/HUK/KEP/X80 concerning social organization, the Decree of the \n\nMinister for Home Affairs and the Minister for Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia \n\nNumber 78 of 1993 concerning supervision of social organizations \u2018Orsos/LSM/HUK/1993. \n\n On 14 February 2005 the Foundation established an orphanage named Panti Guna \n\nSenang Hati. At that time there were thirty children staying in the dormitory. In 2008 the \n\nFoundation supported 240 children, forty five of whom stayed at the dormitory. The others \n\nstayed at their respective houses. In 2014 the Foundation, through Panti Guna Senang Hati, \n\ncould take care of 276 children with disabilities, thirty of whom stated at the dormitory and the \n\nrest stated at their respective houses. The Foundation has shown good performance in \n\nsports, arts and so forth.", "start_char_idx": 2774, "end_char_idx": 5658, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b8e19cf2-0dc3-45a5-9f48-b99a761882a1": {"__data__": {"id_": "b8e19cf2-0dc3-45a5-9f48-b99a761882a1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32133", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "c31bb5ec05eb31fe6886631d0d42c5be2167268edccedd888cba14762c7db838", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "784a74e0-b8a8-4904-b5f2-2b79f0ff8cc0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "d3581d14dd700cf85aa4b6cf16cb3db53e30ad386ec23b515d01b5abe85baddd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d01f7337-9ca4-4a8b-88a2-bcdc3f7e26cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "689a9e2c2ad7e8f45b64a63d96a9595e2583749461dae9c5e37c00f53f042514", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 19-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\n In the end of 2013 the success made by the Foundation decreased; several members \n\ndid not trust the management; the financial management was less transparent. This could be \n\nseen on the debate shown on the face book.  \n\n This present study focuses on three problems formulated in the form of questions. \n\nFirst, what is the empowerment of children with disabilities at the Gianyar Senang Hati \n\nFoundation, Bali like? Second, what problems the Foundation faces in empowering children \n\nwith disabilities at the Gianyar Senang Hati Foundation, Bali? Third, what is the implication of \n\nthe problems the Foundation faces on the children with disabilities at the Gianyar Senang \n\nHati Foundation,  Bali? \n\n This present study is intended to deconstruct the empowerment made by the Non-\n\nGovernmental Organizations by tracing the form, problems and implication of the \n\nempowerment.  \n\n Empowerment refers to a process through which people with disabilities are motivated \n\nto improve their abilities to develop their life independently. It is also a sustainable process \n\nthrough which people work together to share knowledge and experience under an either \n\nformal or informal group in order to achieve a goal. In short, empowerment is closer to a \n\nprocess (Madekhan Ali, 2007: 86). According to Sumaryadi (2005: 11), people\u2019s \n\nempowerment means \u201can attempt made to prepare people to strengthen the institution to \n\nwhich they belong to be independent and prosperous, and to make progress within the \n\natmosphere of sustainable social justice. \n\n Empowerment refers to an attempt made to create opportunities to someone to \n\nimprove his/her potentials and capabilities and to determine the future he/she intends to have \n\n(Prijono, 1996:117). It can also be defined as a process which can strengthen those who are \n\nweak (Sulistiyani, 2004: 77). It is an attempt to make someone aware of and able to develop \n\nthe potential he/she has in order to be independent.  \n\n Sunyoto Usman (2003: 40-47), there are several strategies which can be chosen to \n\nbe applied to the people\u2019s empowerment; they are creating the climate needed, strengthening \n\ncompetiveness and protecting. Sumodininggrat (2000) explains that empowerment is not \n\npermanent; when people are able to be independent, they are free to be so. However, they \n\nare still monitored so that they will not collapse anymore. Based on what is stated by \n\nSumodiningrat, people can be empowered through a learning process which comes to an \n\nend when they are independent.", "start_char_idx": 5664, "end_char_idx": 8490, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d01f7337-9ca4-4a8b-88a2-bcdc3f7e26cf": {"__data__": {"id_": "d01f7337-9ca4-4a8b-88a2-bcdc3f7e26cf", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32133", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "c31bb5ec05eb31fe6886631d0d42c5be2167268edccedd888cba14762c7db838", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b8e19cf2-0dc3-45a5-9f48-b99a761882a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "447d55cc117de9a7b602eccc717864dfc8ee11c98f281c2bd85d1daa0f5aef54", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8f6d2c59-ff68-4dc9-ad93-e576be0269ee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "989374fe8c22611eb042d72170327ede37c7e7d88428fd50aab7c30738525f48", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 19-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\n The form of empowerment for the children with disabilities at the Senang Hati \n\nFoundation includes four programs; they are the social program, the educational program, \n\nthe health program, and the economic program. The social program is implemented by \n\nestablishing a dormitory for the members and providing them with the supporting equipment \n\nand the daily primary needs. The educational program is implemented through writing and \n\nreading learning in the form of educational package A, educational package B, and \n\neducational package C. Vocational trainings are also provided to them, depending on the \n\npotentials they have.  \n\n The health program is implemented through sitting, standing and walking \n\nphysiotherapies, depending on the disabilities they suffer from. In addition to the afore-\n\nmentioned physiotherapies, aqua therapy involving dolphins and sports are also held. The \n\neconomic program is implemented through vocational trainings and by helping sell the \n\nproducts they produce. It is not possible for them to work in the formal sector. It is not possible \n\nfor them to undertake any activity under the Educative Economic Enterprise system either. \n\nThe form of empowerment for the children with disabilities taken care of by the Gianyar \n\nSenang Hati Foundation, Bali is adjusted to the Foundation\u2019s program, basic responsibility \n\nand function, and is supported by the partnership network made.  \n\n The factors which can hamper the success made by the Foundation in empowering \n\nthose with disabilities it takes care of can be categorized into the internal obstacles and \n\nexternal obstacles. The internal obstacles come from the organization itself, and the external \n\nones come from outside. The internal obstacles include the problems arising from \n\nindividuals/members/management of the Foundation. The external obstacles include those \n\ncoming from the government, society, and donators.  \n\n The obstacles mentioned above affect the Foundation, its management and \n\nmembers, the government, donators, and society. One of the implications was that the \n\nFoundation was liquidated; meaning that it became empty and its programs became \n\nhampered. The name of the Foundation was changed into the Bhakti Senang Hati \n\nFoundation. In addition, it was relocated from Jalan Sasibrata, Banjar Tengah, Tampaksiring \n\nVillage, Tampaksiring District, Gianyar Regency, Bali Province to Jalan Mundeh, Banjar \n\nTeruna, Siangan Village, Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. The founders and management \n\nwere changed as well, resulting from the decision made by twenty one members to leave the \n\nSenang Hati Foundation.", "start_char_idx": 8496, "end_char_idx": 11425, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8f6d2c59-ff68-4dc9-ad93-e576be0269ee": {"__data__": {"id_": "8f6d2c59-ff68-4dc9-ad93-e576be0269ee", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32133", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "c31bb5ec05eb31fe6886631d0d42c5be2167268edccedd888cba14762c7db838", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d01f7337-9ca4-4a8b-88a2-bcdc3f7e26cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "c8784bfd0eb1e1dc110edd65cba020c2b96361352d993e9195f3efe43cf7f4cd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "39871f3f-960b-4f6a-af9d-a980603ac414", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4a62fd46221ac22d2d6228eec66638c3269aded8fea5793bd36e078cde458ef5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 19-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION       \n\n  There are four programs implemented by the Senang Hati Foundation; they are the \n\nsocial program, the educational program, the health program, and the economic program. \n\nThe obstacles that hampered the attempts made by the Foundation to empower people with \n\ndisabilities came from within the Foundation and outside. The obstacles extraordinarily \n\naffected the foundation, its management and government, the government, the donators and \n\nsociety. \n\n The finding of the study was that the Gianyar Senang Hati Foundation, Bali could not \n\nempower all of its members. Only 175 people with disabilities had received the supporting \n\nequipment. The other programs could not empower half the Foundation\u2019s members. In \n\naddition, several agents being involved in the empowerment of people with disabilities taken \n\ncare of by the Foundation had different interests.  \n\n The Foundation should keep renewing the data on its members and their addresses \n\nin order to be able to maximize the empowerment. It should also always refer to its Statutes \n\nand Bylaws, maintain communication and coordination, be transparent and accountable.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nIn this opportunity the writer would like to thank Prof. A.A. Bagus Wirawan, S.U, as \n\nSupervisor, Prof. Dr. A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara, M.A., and Dr. Putu Sukardja, M.Si. as Co-\n\nsupervisor I and Co-supervisor II.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAli, Madekhan. 2007. Orang Desa Anak Tiri Perubahan. Malang : Averroes Press. \n\nPrijono, Onny S. 1996. Pemberdayaan: Konsep, Kebijakan, dan Implementasi. Jakarta: \nCSIS.  \n\nSumodiningrat, G. 2000. Membangun Perekonomian Rakyat. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nSumaryadi, I Nyoman. 2005. Efektivitas Implementasi Kebijkan Otonomi Daerah. Jakarta: \nCitra Utama \n\nSulistiyani. 2004. Kemitraan dan Model-model Pemberdayaan. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.  \n\nUsman, Sunyoto. 2003. Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar.", "start_char_idx": 11436, "end_char_idx": 13692, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "39871f3f-960b-4f6a-af9d-a980603ac414": {"__data__": {"id_": "39871f3f-960b-4f6a-af9d-a980603ac414", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32134", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "719ce19c2792751c795848c75c740464f8cdbe3dbd59926f72c081c733a4dd46", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8f6d2c59-ff68-4dc9-ad93-e576be0269ee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32133", "author": "Wahyuni, Anak Agung Nyoman Sri; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom", "title": " DECONSTRUCTING EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT GIANYAR SENANG HATI FOUNDATION, BALI", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32133.pdf"}, "hash": "ca496c725e3b07dad25d593b74b22c68b5e7f29aa5189da4d039cb85b98f849b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "15c08e7d-a8f8-4aec-b5db-c58950d506d0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7cd9fd82f28ad82d3a48aa240b3adf1acb3681048ac5b751ac54bd24d216ae4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Suroyo 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 24-29   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nMARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC \nGROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE \n\nERA OF GLOBALIZATON  \n \n\nSuroyo \nAnak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara \n\nI Nyoman Suarka \nPudentia MPSS \n\nEmail: Roy_Pj2003@yahoo.com \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nThis present study is intended to explore, identify, comprehend and describe the \nphenomenon of the bedekeh ritual performed by the Akit ethnic group in Riau Island, \nBengkalis Regency, Riau Province in the era of globalization. The Oang Akit (those who \nbelong to the Akit ethnic group) believe that all diseases are believed to result from the \ninterference of invisible spirits or what is locally referred to as Antu (Hantu=Ghost), their \nancestors, the treatment of other people or what is referred to as disantet (black magic \npractice), and curses. The bedekeh ritual is a cultural important element; it is not only \nperformed to stimulate emotion but it is also performed to make the relationship among \npeople and between people and the cosmos in harmony. Globalization has developed human \nlife and changed the people\u2019s way of life, including the Akit ethnic group.  The data in the \npresent study were collected using the techniques of observation, in-depth interview, library \nresearch, and documentation.  \n\nBased on what was explored and the method used to analyze the data, it was found \nthat the bedekeh tradition is still performed by the Akit ethnic group; however, its existence is \ngetting marginalized by the internal and external factors. The modern epistemology (Modern-\nWestern) in which rationality is considered more important than other things has caused the \ntherapy performed by the Akit ethnic group to shift. Hegemony resulting from the penetration \nof the culture belonging to the non Akit ethnic groups has also caused the bedekeh ritual to \nbe marginalized.  \n \nKeywords: marginalization, bedekeh, Akit ethnic group, globalization \n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\n According to the Oang Akit (the Akit ethnic people) all diseases result from the \n\ninterference of invisible spirits or what is locally referred to as Antu (Hantu=Ghosts), their \n\nancestors, the treatment of other people or what is locally referred to as disantet (black magic \n\npractice) and curses. This is supported by what is stated by Foster and Anderson (1986:63) \n\nthat the agents of illnesses can be supernatural creatures (invisible creatures or gods), non-", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2798, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "15c08e7d-a8f8-4aec-b5db-c58950d506d0": {"__data__": {"id_": "15c08e7d-a8f8-4aec-b5db-c58950d506d0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32134", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "719ce19c2792751c795848c75c740464f8cdbe3dbd59926f72c081c733a4dd46", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "39871f3f-960b-4f6a-af9d-a980603ac414", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "ebf404da139a338ab5e6bc74abcb66a60c6dfe4cd054cedc8b7cabc5c9c27070", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "868a599b-4529-481b-a1dd-cc212cafba95", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "04170af885aa6457e420a4c512bebeccf0febdb73fb34c30d7365f7ec7296c80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 24-29   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\nhuman creatures (ghosts, the ancestors\u2019 souls or wicked spirits, and human beings \n\n(magicians). However, based on the naturalistic system, an illness can be explained using \n\nimpersonal systemic terms, and being healthy results from the balanced physical elements.  \n\n The Akit ethnic people and their supporting societies have also ready had local \n\nknowledge and local wisdom which can be used to overcome the health-related problems. \n\nThey also use the local knowledge and wisdom they have to treat the health-related \n\ndisturbances.   Apart from being used as a therapy, the bedekeh ritual is also the socio-\n\ncultural institution of the Akit ethnic group which cannot be separated from their socio-cultural \n\nstructure. It is one of the Akit ethnic group\u2019s identities and a specific heritage which cannot be \n\nfound in the other regions. This is in line with what is stated by Giddens (2003: 48-50) that a \n\ncustom or habit constitutes a personal and collective identity.  \n\n The globalized culture has cleaned up every type of social and traditional challenges \n\nand local cultures. In addition, it also leads people to the cultural homogeneity which \n\ndisagrees with the group\u2019s identity and value. According to Giddens (2003: 67), globalization \n\nbrings with it the principle of modern culture leading to different social and civilization \n\nproblems. When the bedekeh ritual is performed, it has its own specifications in terms of the \n\ntime and place when and where it is performed, the actors who are involved, the language \n\nused and the media needed. The contents of the message expressed in the ritual are related \n\nto one another. Second, the ritual also contains the ideology used as a model by the Akit \n\nethnic people.  The ideology is divided into two; they are the cosmological ideology and \n\nreligious ideology. The cosmological ideology is related to their conception of the process of \n\nhow the macro cosmos (the universe) and micro cosmos (people) are created, and the \n\nreligious ideology is related to their conception of the relationship between people and their \n\nancestors and God. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD   \n\n This present study is a qualitative one in which the researcher is the instrument \n\nsupported with a guide of interview. The qualitative method, which is designed based on the \n\nparadigm of cultural studies, is used. The data were analyzed through three stages; they are \n\n(1) data collection; the data were obtained through in-depth interview, observation, and library \n\nresearch; (2) analysis and interpretation; (3) the result of data analysis was presented in a \n\nnarrative way completed with tables and pictures (Straus and Corbin, 2003:9\u201410).", "start_char_idx": 2802, "end_char_idx": 5784, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "868a599b-4529-481b-a1dd-cc212cafba95": {"__data__": {"id_": "868a599b-4529-481b-a1dd-cc212cafba95", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32134", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "719ce19c2792751c795848c75c740464f8cdbe3dbd59926f72c081c733a4dd46", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "15c08e7d-a8f8-4aec-b5db-c58950d506d0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "0aca0d0dd3823be98fc4d61caf6a4c6980e32393e690b6ffdcd180298c7d5585", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2924badf-40f6-4ea7-8304-566c0ce84c77", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "39fc0e1cbc7ecaf8e130996ffb6b0d3b9836b5bf89dde70acd992fc6e2d41399", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 24-29   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\n The bedekeh ritual has been performed from one generation to another generation. It \n\nis still performed as a therapy. Bedekeh means \u2018mendikir\u2019 (repeatedly chanting part of the \n\nconfession of faith as a form of worship) and \u2018berpikir\u2019 thinking of the way of curing the \n\nillnesses which the Akit ethic people suffer from. The objectives of performing the ritual are: \n\nfirst, curing the illnesses which the villagers suffer from such as cold and the others; second, \n\nfeeding the wild animals that run amuck; third, as a compensation by those who have violated \n\nthe tradition; fourth, keeping bad lucks away from the village as someone has made \n\nsomething wrong or cleaning up the village; fifth, appointing a new \u2018Batin\u2019 or \u2018Bomoh\u2019 (leader); \n\nsixth, cleaning up the place where a family whose one of its members is dead and that violates \n\nwhat it mustn\u2019t do. The earliest time for performing the ritual performed for the last objective \n\nshould be 40 days after he/she is buried. Djamari (1993: 36) states that a ritual can be viewed \n\nfrom two points of view; they are the objective of performing the ritual and the way of \n\nperforming it. From the objective point of view, it is performed in order to be protected, blessed \n\nand apologized by God.  \n\n Nowadays the bedekeh ritual has been marginalized resulting from the internal and \n\nexternal factors. The hegemony implemented by the state through regulations has made the \n\nAkit ethnic group\u2019s survival difficult. In addition,  hegemony has also caused people to be \n\nculturally homogenous, meaning that the group\u2019s identity and value should be avoided. The \n\nmajority\u2019s different hegemonic reasons have caused the Akit ethnic people, as a minority, not \n\nto be able to enjoy their religious freedom. One of the reasons is that they do not adhere to \n\none of the official religions. They are the followers of the local religion; therefore, they are \n\nconsidered \u2018not belonging to any religion\u2019. The Malay people have massively converted their \n\nreligion. Moreover, Islam has been used as their identity. They state that Malay is identical \n\nwith Islam. The Islamic group uses the mainstream Islamic ideology as their single truth; they \n\ndisagree with the local bedekeh ritual, which, according to them, contains animism, \n\npolytheism, and leads one up the wrong path. Such a condition shows that the mainstream \n\nIslamic ideology and modernization have dominated the local traditional bedekeh ritual \n\nperformed by the Akit ethnic group.  On the one hand, there is a high-level consensus using \n\nthe great national stability as a measurement; on the other hand, the lower class actively \n\nsupports and accepts the cultural value, idea, objective and meaning which bind and unify \n\nthem in the existing structure of power (Storey, 2003: 172-173).", "start_char_idx": 5793, "end_char_idx": 8911, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2924badf-40f6-4ea7-8304-566c0ce84c77": {"__data__": {"id_": "2924badf-40f6-4ea7-8304-566c0ce84c77", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32134", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "719ce19c2792751c795848c75c740464f8cdbe3dbd59926f72c081c733a4dd46", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "868a599b-4529-481b-a1dd-cc212cafba95", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "f8ab140d2f823244dc22319985bb664a9ddfbcbe878659892eff92e707e63a0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a27c8492-3822-4c34-8f5a-f25a66464f76", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a6b5a5f71e8a076e2ed096cfde1718a1683ae5e491e2f3b18e224f0925e381ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 24-29   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\n The Akit ethnic people are frequently stereotyped as being in the outside area \n\n(periferi) and the lowest social level in the hierarchy of the \u201cMalay world\u2019. They are not \n\nconsidered part of what is referred to as the Malay aristocrat or \u2018umat\u2019, namely those who \n\nbelong to what is stated as \u2018the nation of Islam\u2019; therefore, the nation of Malay is not \n\n\u2018homogenous\u2019. They are not considered \u2018umat\u2019 as they do not implement the Malay tradition, \n\nthey are not Muslims, they do not speak Malay and they look like most Malay people. Such a \n\nsocial structure still affects the Malay society until now. Actually, this degrades the dignity \n\nused as the most important symbol in the Malay people\u2019s image of life. The relation between \n\nthe intellectual and subaltern groups is like the relation between \u201cthe slave and his master\u201d \n\n(Graves, 1998).  \n\n The modern medicine was introduced to Indonesia at the same time as when the \n\nwestern countries expanded their power to Indonesia in general and the Akit ethnic group in \n\nparticular. The rational modern medical world reduces the existence of what is referred to as \n\nbomohs (the indigenous medical practitioners) who are not rational. According to Gramsci (in \n\nTilaar, 2003: 77), the intellectual plays an important role in society.  \n\n Apart from that, education and technological knowledge, information and modernity \n\nhave also caused the bedekeh ritual to be marginalized. Formal education can also cause \n\nthe way they treat mystical things and supernatural power to shift. The development of \n\nknowledge and the modern technology which put forward the economic value, logic and \n\nrationality have caused the existence of the oral tradition in society to shift as well. According \n\nto Gramsci (in Baker, 2005: 373), hegemony involves education and consensus instead of \n\ncoercive and brutal strength. \n\n The regional autonomy with the village government system has also affected the Akit \n\ntraditional society; the position of what is referred to as Batin has been taken over by the \n\nvillage\u2019s head and his/her staff at Hutan Panjang Village, Rupat District, Bengkalis Regency, \n\nRiau Province. Simon (2004: 19-20) states that hegemony does not mean the relationship of \n\ndomination using power, but the relationship of consensus using political and ideological \n\nleadership. The shifts mentioned above have caused the bedekeh ritual to be marginalized \n\nand have been responsible for the cultural gap. In fact, the ritual can relevantly strengthen \n\nreligion, identity, togetherness, solidarity and human resources who are superior in traditional \n\nthings.  \n\n In addition, the income earned by a bomoh is too low. He is inspired by an innermost \n\ndesire, although what he does is not in accordance with what the young generation wants.", "start_char_idx": 8917, "end_char_idx": 12012, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a27c8492-3822-4c34-8f5a-f25a66464f76": {"__data__": {"id_": "a27c8492-3822-4c34-8f5a-f25a66464f76", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-32134", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "719ce19c2792751c795848c75c740464f8cdbe3dbd59926f72c081c733a4dd46", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2924badf-40f6-4ea7-8304-566c0ce84c77", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "a786ebddf31300675e9df103b04cd3ecb044212e8c29334e2fef8b610b7b8a79", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0bc32703-f52c-4144-8963-c69e1e5b3558", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2e8e63a371edc788fa1b21faf3c7938fdcae6ab75df998b225ea23f88a4e2670", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 24-29   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nThis is in accordance with what is stated by Kaplan and Manner (2000) that the cultural \n\nsystem strongly allows any ritual to be maintained as long as it is functional. The bedekeh \n\nritual is an important cultural gist; it does not only stimulate emotion but also maintains the \n\nharmonious relationship among people and between people and the cosmos. As far as the \n\nrelationship among people is concerned, people are reminded of the essence of humanity \n\nthat there are external strengths which cannot be reached by the human mind.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\n The impact of globalization is not only related to technology and economy, but it also \n\naffects different aspects of life. On the one hand, globalization contributes to different aspects \n\nof life; on the other hand, it also significantly negatively affects cultural aspects. It does not \n\nonly degrade the local cultural values but also causes different cultural aspects, such as the \n\nbedekeh ritual which has been inherited from generation to generation to get extinct. It is a \n\ncultural heritage from the previous generation.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n In this opportunity I would like to thank Anak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara, I Nyoman \n\nSuarka and Pudentia, MPSS, as my supervisors for their cooperation and support during the \n\ncompletion of this article.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies : Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta : Krasi Wacana. \n\nDjamari. 1993. Agama Dalam Perspektif Sosiologi. Jakarta :Depdikbud. \n\nFoster,G.M. & B.G. Anderson. 1986. Antropologi Kesehatan. Jakarta :UI Press. \n\nGiddens, Anthony. 2003. Masyarakat Post Tradisional. Cetakan Pertama. Diterjemahkan \noleh : Ali Noer Zaman. Yogyakarta : IrCisod. \n\nGraves, Robert Graves and the White Goddes. 1998.\u201dLondon Paperback End\u201d. \n\nKaplan, David dan Manner A.A. 2000. Teori Budaya. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nSimon, A. Herbert. 2004. Administrative Behavior, Perilaku Administrasi : Suatu Studi tentang \nProses Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Organisasi Adminstrasi, Edisi Ketiga, Cetakan \nKeempat, Alih Bahasa ST. Dianjung, Jakarta : Bumi Aksara. \n\nStorey, John. 2003. Teori Budaya dan Budaya Pop Memetakan Lanskap Konseptual Cultural \nStudies. Yogyakarta : Qalam. \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2017 Vol. 10, Number 2, Page 24-29   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nStrauss dan Corbin. 2003. Penelitian Kualitatif : Tata Langkah dan Teknik-teknik Teoritisasi \nData. Yogyakarta : Pustaka pelajar. \n\nTilaar, H.A.R. 2003. Kekuasaan & Pendidikan. Magelang : Indonesia Tera.", "start_char_idx": 12017, "end_char_idx": 15050, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0bc32703-f52c-4144-8963-c69e1e5b3558": {"__data__": {"id_": "0bc32703-f52c-4144-8963-c69e1e5b3558", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33143", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "6f4f346120f526f172781819b5eb71d22820c7e0350e348dd7a260496ab8bc03", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a27c8492-3822-4c34-8f5a-f25a66464f76", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-32134", "author": "Suroyo, Suroyo; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Suarka, I Nyoman; MPSS, Pudentia", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF BEDEKEH RITUAL PERFORMED BY AKIT ETHNIC GROUP IN RUPAT ISLAND, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATON", "date": "2017-05-01", "file": "ecs-32134.pdf"}, "hash": "0e1df5e5e6e1a6c80ecb5af20601cc4304435217e40aec33047ea255afec56d8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8639ea05-acef-4700-974f-5e5a5803e70d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c141eb9347990ef069a7b16d8c242763eea286f0cdae3713225243a1f0d2f2c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Abdul Alim 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 1-5   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nTRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE  \nIN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI \n\n \nAbdul Alim \n\nI Made Suastika \nI Gusti Ketut Gde Arsana \n\nHalu Oleo University, Kendari \nEmail: abdul.alim290172@gmail.com  \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\n This present study analyzes the transformation of lulo dance performed by Tolaki \npeople in Konawe Regency, South East Sulawesi. From the perspective of cultural studies, \nthe study analyses an empirical field reality related to the matter pertaining to transformation. \nThe local culture which is transformed into the global culture has caused the lulo dance to \nchange with its new form and meanings. There is one problem which needs to be analyzed \nin the present study. The problem is formulated in the form of a question, namely what \nideologies which have inspired the transformation of the lulo dance performed by Tolaki \npeople in Konawe Regency, South East Sulawesi. The study used the qualitative method and \nis intended to analyze the transformation of the lulo dance performed by Tolaki people using \nthe critical, interdisciplinary and multidimensional approach of cultural studies. The data were \nobtained through library research, documentary study, observation, and interview. After being \nverified, the data were analyzed using several relevant theories; they are the theory of \ndeconstruction, the hermeneutic theory, the theory of discourse of knowledge, and the theory \nof semiotics.  \n The result of the study shows that the transformation of the lulo dance performed by \nTolaki people in Konawe Regency cannot be separated from the ideologies which have \ninspired it. They include the religiosity ideology, the educational ideology, and the economic \nideology. The contact between the global culture and local culture has caused the lulo dance \nto transform. The global culture indicates that a new era has come; it cannot be stemmed and \navoided, meaning that many aspects in the people\u2019s social and cultural life have transformed \nor changed.   \n \nKeywords: transformation, lulo dance, society.  \n \n \nINTRODUCTION  \n\n Most performing arts performed in the regions of Indonesia whose agricultural values \n\nare very strong have ritual functions. The ritual functions do not have anything to do with the \n\nevents of life cycle  which are considered important such as birth, tooth filing, the first haircut,", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2752, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8639ea05-acef-4700-974f-5e5a5803e70d": {"__data__": {"id_": "8639ea05-acef-4700-974f-5e5a5803e70d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33143", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "6f4f346120f526f172781819b5eb71d22820c7e0350e348dd7a260496ab8bc03", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0bc32703-f52c-4144-8963-c69e1e5b3558", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "68ec039bd24f712352b3ff23680637a45e48e3340d9ceeed561c75125706f2b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2f179e3e-9bb9-4c90-91fd-48ae70488f02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0e8bfbd56b9762175ecd9ba3f71da505924e4fbba42905beb2700445a5b56676", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 1-5   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\ntouching earth, circumcision and death but also with performing arts such as hunting, rice \n\nplanting, harvesting and even the preparation of a war (Soedarsono,m 2002: 123).  \n\n Civilization, culture and the system of belief also change. The performing arts have \n\nchanged since the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, one of which is the art of \n\ndancing. Its form has gradually changed. The rhythmic physical motions are made regularly \n\nwith beautiful expressions which can vibrate the human feeling. The beautiful motions contain \n\nspecial rhythms (Soedarsono, 1985:16).  \n\n Tolaki people have many arts, one of which is the lulo dance. Tolaki people who \n\nsupport the lulo dance occupy the area of Konawe Regency, Kendari City, South Konawe, \n\nNorth Konawe, Konawe Island. This used to be known as the area of Konawe Kingdom and \n\nKolaka Regency, North Kolaka Regency, and East Kolaka Regency which was known as the \n\narea of Mekongga Kingdom. Although Tolaki people occupy two different kingdoms, the lulo \n\ndance has been their collective identity. This dance was created from the ritual performed by \n\nTolaki people to glorify the harvest time. Therefore, this dance is considered a sacred one \n\nperformed by Tolaki people.  \n\n As a performing art, the lulo dance is made up of the musical and dancing elements. \n\nIt is unique if compared to similar cultural arts performed by different ethnic groups in the \n\nArchipelago. The dancers performing it are hand in hand and perform a circle following the \n\naccompanying musical instruments. The harmonious movements of hands and feet with a \n\nhigh collective mobility make the dance beautiful.  \n\n The global culture has caused the function of the dance to change; it used to be \n\nperformed for sacred purposes, but now it is performed for propane purposes; it used to be \n\nperformed for ceremonial purposes, but now it is performed for a limited period of time; it used \n\nto express the values of the society\u2019s life, but now it tends to be performed as an amusement \n\nand a festival. The global culture has also caused the tulo dance to be differently defined. In \n\nother words, the value of what is understood of the dance has shifted. They have all affected \n\nthe behavior and cultural practices of the Tolaki people living in Konawe Regency.  \n\n Based on what was described above, one of the problems of the present study is what \n\nideologies have caused the tulo dance performed by Tolaki people in Konawe Regency, \n\nSouth East Sulawesi, to be transformed.  \n\n A concept plays an important role in research. According to Putra (2001:6), a theory \n\ncan be constructed if the analytical concepts and how they are applied in the study can be \n\nwell understood. Therefore, one concept which needs to be discussed in the present study is", "start_char_idx": 2757, "end_char_idx": 5851, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2f179e3e-9bb9-4c90-91fd-48ae70488f02": {"__data__": {"id_": "2f179e3e-9bb9-4c90-91fd-48ae70488f02", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33143", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "6f4f346120f526f172781819b5eb71d22820c7e0350e348dd7a260496ab8bc03", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8639ea05-acef-4700-974f-5e5a5803e70d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "7aac57b8a352a64edcf3ac14f7327aa7600c8c59114fff31edbba0b58c6d0727", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d609e58d-f0f7-4d82-b73e-661302f3c62d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2c4139eb50fc732ac37d9f19e6c1f607cff0e2033f2492a5e4d3229726a4eceb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 1-5   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nthe concept ideology.  It needs to be made to be clear in order to be able to discuss the \n\nideology which has contributed to the transformation of the tulo dance.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD  \n\n The qualitative method was used in the present study. The qualitative method can be \n\nused to understand the meaning of an object, society, situation and an event. It attempts to \n\nunderstand the field empirical cultural phenomenon. It is under the interdisciplinary multi-\n\nmethod studies which imply meaning and process (Denzin & Lincoln, 2009: 2-6), and focuses \n\non the naturalistic interpretation and approach of a matter with different paradigms. The \n\nqualitative study constitutes a specific approach in the cultural studies; in addition, it is unique \n\nfrom the naturalistic dimension (collection and field). As well, it strengthens the interpretative \n\nunderstanding of the human experience in which the researcher takes part \u2018participatory \n\nobservation\u2019 (Endraswara, 2006:87-89; Denzin & Lincoln, 2009:5). The data in the present \n\nstudy were collected through observation, interview and documentary study.  \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION   \n\n   Basically, an ideology is derived from a myth and after it is established it becomes an \n\nideology as what is stated by Barthes (2003: 122) that if a connotation is already established, \n\nit will become a myth and that if the myth is already established it becomes an ideology. \n\nKumbara (201017) stated that a cultural ideology and tradition can be analyzed by finding out \n\nwhat the ideology in the tradition contains. According to Destuut de Tracy (in Noeliono-\n\nBudianto, 2004:128-130), an ideology is a collection of systemized concepts used as the \n\nbasis leading to the life sustainability of someone or a group of people. An ideology is the \n\nideal which is intended to be achieved by many parties in society. The supporting society \n\nusually spreads the ideology to its members who support it in different ways in accordance \n\nwith their respective tradition and culture.  \n\n Ideology is less popular among Tolaki people; however, it does not mean that they do \n\nnot have any ideology as, as a concept, they do not understand it. Common people do not \n\nunderstand what an ideology is as it is part of their lives and activities, causing them not to \n\nrecognize it. Thompson (2003:18) stated that an ideology can tighten the social relation which \n\nbinds the society\u2019s members by applying the values and norms they have agreed.", "start_char_idx": 5856, "end_char_idx": 8631, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d609e58d-f0f7-4d82-b73e-661302f3c62d": {"__data__": {"id_": "d609e58d-f0f7-4d82-b73e-661302f3c62d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33143", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "6f4f346120f526f172781819b5eb71d22820c7e0350e348dd7a260496ab8bc03", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2f179e3e-9bb9-4c90-91fd-48ae70488f02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "df5688403f18cd7a8bd3022d997141e6567bee667a3aca016510c656bb3e2012", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "74ed9fb1-3b29-497b-b24d-115d6bf9389e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "835dd91ed57b67445865235f6e2d4bbf08a5ef63dcbcf171dca7eff89a991a04", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 1-5   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\n The result of the study shows that there are three ideologies contributing to the \n\ntransformation of the lulo dance performed by Tolaki people; they are the religiosity ideology, \n\neducational ideology, and economic ideology.  \n\n First, the religiosity ideology is closely related to the Tolaki people\u2019s belief. The lulo \n\ndance cannot be separated from the art of motion as they are related to one another. In \n\naddition, it is also closely related to the Tolaki people\u2019s faith. In the past, when sangia (gods) \n\nin general and sanggoleo mbae (the goddess of paddy) in particular were worshipped, it was \n\nperformed as part of the ritual. It was intended to make the sangias (gods) happy so human \n\nbeings are avoided from what is known as abala (disaster). The Tolaki people believed that \n\nwhen the sangias (gods) were angry, many people would suffer from disease epidemics and \n\ndisasters could not be avoided. In addition, plants (tina\u2019u) in general and the secondary plants \n\nwould fail.  \n\n Second, the education which contributes to the ideology which has inspired the lulo \n\ndance is the education which contributes to the character education. There is a traditional \n\nfigurative expression inae konasara iye pine sara, inae lia sara iye pinekasara (those who \n\nappreciate tradition will be appreciated, and those who do not appreciate tradition will be \n\npunished).The education is directed to that expression meaning that people should be \n\neducated in order to be able to understand others. Such a conception is the cultural strength \n\nof the Tolaki people in constructing the cultured human character.  \n\n Third, the economic value which is related to the Tolaki people\u2019s way of thinking is the \n\nvalue which cannot be financially measured. The lulo dance reflects the great values of Tolaki \n\npeople which have led to its creation. The need for the supporting people\u2019s knowledge of the \n\nlulo dance with its traditional teachings in Konawe has caused Tolaki people to have a cultural \n\nidentity which is different from that the other societies have.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION  \n\n The transformation of the lulo dance performed by Tolaki people in Konawe Regency \n\ncannot be separated from the ideologies which have inspired it. First, the religiosity ideology, \n\nwhich is closely related to the Tolaki people\u2019s belief; in the past when the local people \n\nworshiped sangias (Gods) in general and sanggoleo mbae (the paddy\u2019s Goddess) in \n\nparticular, the ritual was accompanied with the lulo dance. It was intended to make sangias \n\n(gods) happy so human beings could avoid what is known as abala (disasters). Second, the \n\neducational ideology, which is related to the moral values teaching the supporting people of", "start_char_idx": 8637, "end_char_idx": 11669, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "74ed9fb1-3b29-497b-b24d-115d6bf9389e": {"__data__": {"id_": "74ed9fb1-3b29-497b-b24d-115d6bf9389e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33143", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "6f4f346120f526f172781819b5eb71d22820c7e0350e348dd7a260496ab8bc03", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d609e58d-f0f7-4d82-b73e-661302f3c62d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "8e0d3eebe284202d8575968b05e1adcaf815f639eaaf3c28e097b072c708ed84", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "20d31e82-ce3d-41d6-84a0-4912df778f6f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fa61c1e45f4b67baf1134c64961eb548465d3dc2340152f101227b4a4957151c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 1-5   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\nthe lulo dance to understand other people. Third, the economic ideology, which contains the \n\nconception of welfare related to the human need for the traditional art which can support the \n\nfinancial need.  \n\n It is suggested that the lulo dance, as an art heritage from the ancestors, should be \n\nmaintained by the Tolaki society as it contains great values which can contribute to the \n\nsupporting society\u2019s character.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n Praise the Almighty God, Allah SWT, for His blessing that the article entitled \n\n\u201cTransformation of Lulo Dance Performed by Tolaki People in Konawe Regency, South East \n\nSulawesi\u201d could be well completed. Therefore, through this opportunity the writer would like \n\nto thank all the parties, regency government, the executive and legislative bodies, the \n\norganization\u2019s leader, the choreographer, artists, cultural observers, and practitioners for all \n\ntypes of assistance provided to the writer.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nBarthers, Rolland. 1983. Mitologi. Terjemahan Nurhadi dan Sababul Millah. 2009. \n\nYogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nBudianto, Noeliono. 2004. Jejak Budaya Tradisional Jawa. Bantul. Kreasi Wacana \n\nDenzin, Norman K. & Lincoln, Yvone S. 2009. Handbook of Qualitative Research. \n(Terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nEndraswara, Suwardi. 2003. Metodologi Penelitian Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada \nUniversity Press. \n\nKumbara, A.A, Ngurah Anom. 2010. \u201cKonstruksi Wacana Ajeg Bali dalam Relasi Kuasa: \nantara Ideologi dan Utopi\u201d. Pidato Pengenalan Jabatan Guru Besar tetap dalam \nBidang Antropologi. Denpasar: Universitas Udayana. Tidak diterbitkan. \n\nSoedarsono, R.M. 1985. Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia & Pariwisata. Yogyakarta: Masyarakat \nSeni Pertunjukan Indonesia & arti.line. \n\nSoedarsono, R.M. 2002. Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia di Era Globalisasi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah \nMada University Press. \n\nPutra, Heddy Shri Ahimsa. 2001. Strukturalisme Levi Strauss: Mitos dan Karya Sastra. \nYogyakarta: Galang Press. \n\nThompson, Jhn B. 2003. Analisis Ideologi, Kritik Wacana Ideologi-ideologi Dunia. Terj. \nHaqqul Yakin. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD.", "start_char_idx": 11674, "end_char_idx": 14071, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "20d31e82-ce3d-41d6-84a0-4912df778f6f": {"__data__": {"id_": "20d31e82-ce3d-41d6-84a0-4912df778f6f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33147", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7b321f4664869748054b9231870a88f8ca803dd3fd7bf134302d090ac67e6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "74ed9fb1-3b29-497b-b24d-115d6bf9389e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33143", "author": "Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33143.pdf"}, "hash": "c9d05b1563a2e0cf3d503d535c48cfbdb77d9cd4685b7291d70290f9259f67b0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "835c70d6-f611-433d-a004-b3ed4da4ac93", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "033dee87235c88cf1c89cd2e0b3f3f370777a618a1a54695169f71f82b6d0666", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Gst Aryana 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Augst 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 6-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nPOWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION  \nBETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP  \n\nAT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI \n \n\nI Gusti Made Aryana \nAA Bagus Wirawan \n\nNengah Bawa Atmadja \nemail: gustimadearyana@ymail.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nThe harmonious relation between the ethnic groups living at Pupuan Village can be \nevidenced by the inter-ethnic marriages. The problems of the present study can be formulated \nin three questions. They are why the Chinese ethnic people can live harmoniously with the \nBalinese ethnic people, how is the dynamics of the power behind the harmonious relation \nbetween the Chinese ethnic people and Balinese ethnic people at Pupuan Village, and how \nthe educational model implemented by the Chinese ethnic people and Balinese ethnic people \nis developed to contribute to the harmonious relation between the two ethnic groups from the \nethno pedagogic perspective. The descriptive and qualitative method was used in the present \nstudy. The data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and documentary \nstudy. The data were analyzed using the interactive analysis method. The theories used \ninclude the Theory of Practice proposed by Bourdieu, the Theory of Discourse of \nPower/Knowledge proposed by Foucault, theory of Habernas Education, and so forth.  \n The result of the study shows that there are several reasons why the relation between \nthe Balinese ethnic people and Chinese ethnic people has become harmonious. They use \npower and capital. The Balinese ethnic people use the spiritual capital (the capital of cultural \npower) through the values of the local genius. The Chinese ethnic people use the socio-\neconomic capital they have to make the domination of the Balinese people balanced. The \ndynamics of the power behind harmony shows that the relation between the two ethnic people \nat Pupuan Village is made to be diluted resulting from the power of the internal (local) people \nand the external (national) people which can be seen from the religious aspect, political \naspect, socio-cultural aspect, and socio-economic aspect. The ethnopedagogic educational \nmodel is developed using different media such as the societal organization, the social activity \nin the forms of ngayah (doing voluntary religious things) and ngoupin   (helping other people \nliving in the neighborhood prepare and perform their traditional and religious activities).  \n \nKeywords: power, harmony, critical ethnography, ethnical relation between the Chinese \nethnic group and Balinese ethnic group, ethnopedagogic \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\n Pupuan Village is one of the old villages in Pupuan District, Tabanan Regency, Bali \n\nProvince, where 113 Chinese families and 738 Balinese families live (Monography of Pupuan", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3157, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "835c70d6-f611-433d-a004-b3ed4da4ac93": {"__data__": {"id_": "835c70d6-f611-433d-a004-b3ed4da4ac93", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33147", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7b321f4664869748054b9231870a88f8ca803dd3fd7bf134302d090ac67e6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "20d31e82-ce3d-41d6-84a0-4912df778f6f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "6ef67de8734cf490c768f924f65024a88aeae5c8ed3e1cd68ebbc69f6c57c3dc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d4dc0f31-0566-4dfe-872d-65f8b8683a42", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2b1b80a92233ffdf5f89e11dd545c1dc652947d29eedb1fca93f680a9a87019d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Augst 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 6-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\nVillage, 2015). There is a harmonious relation between the two ethnic groups, although they \n\nare different with respect to many aspects. The harmonious relation can be seen from the \n\nmarriages between the two ethnic groups which are usually less common (Vasanty, 1987). \n\nThe Chinese ethnic people also become the members of the traditional village \u2018desa \n\nparakaman\u2019 and this is welcome by the Balinese ethnic people. In addition, the Chinese ethnic \n\npeople also have family temples referred to as sanggah kemulan, pelinggih Jro Gede and \n\nTaksu as the Balinese ethnic people do. They also perform religious rituals referred to as \n\nodalan using what is called banten (offering) similar to what is used by the Balinese ethnic \n\npeople when they perform religious festivals. In the other areas of the country this behavior \n\nis seldom shown by the Chinese ethnic people. They are often discriminatively treated leading \n\nto physical coercion (Coppel, 1994: Purdey, 2013). Such a scarce social phenomenon is \n\ninteresting to be explored (Habib, 2004). Apart from that, as far as the writer\u2019s view is \n\nconcerned, this phenomenon is getting more important and interesting to be explored as \n\nIndonesia, as a nation, is getting disintegrated and less unified. The matter pertaining to the \n\nintegration among the ethnic groups in Indonesia has been a national issue. Therefore, this \n\nphenomenon is explored from the perspective of cultural studies.  \n\n Based on the reason described above, the scope of the present study includes (1) \n\nwhy the Chinese ethnic group and Balinese ethnic group at Pupuan Village, Tabanan \n\nRegency, Bali Province, can live harmoniously? (2) What is the dynamics of power behind \n\nthe harmonious relation between the Chinese ethnic people and Balinese ethnic people at \n\nPupuan Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province like? (3) How is the educational model \n\nimplemented by the Chinese ethnic people and Balinese ethnic people at Pupuan Village, \n\nTabanan Regency, Bali Province can lead to the harmonious relation from the ethnographic \n\nperspective? \n\n This present study is intended to deconstruct the social phenomenon described above \n\nso that the reasons causing the Chinese ethnic people and Balinese ethnic people to be able \n\nto live harmoniously can be understood.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n The descriptive and qualitative method with the critical ethnographic approach within \n\nthe perspective of cultural studies was used in the present study (Spradly, 2006). The data \n\nwere collected through in-depth interview, observation and documentary study. The data", "start_char_idx": 3162, "end_char_idx": 6056, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d4dc0f31-0566-4dfe-872d-65f8b8683a42": {"__data__": {"id_": "d4dc0f31-0566-4dfe-872d-65f8b8683a42", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33147", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7b321f4664869748054b9231870a88f8ca803dd3fd7bf134302d090ac67e6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "835c70d6-f611-433d-a004-b3ed4da4ac93", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "70659409728ae221e34c7098f95d0d45df4e7f46e436b26ba48bcd31a7dda601", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b1dc2cf2-e401-43f2-a1d4-6c90390bd6b9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7c2280989d4d251d1dc9137a85da07513dece390ac6df051dba0e9fe4c47140c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Augst 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 6-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nwere analyzed using the interactive analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman (1992). \n\nThe critical social theory was also employed so that the result would be a critical ethnography.  \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION  \n\n The result of the study shows that (1) power capital contributes to the harmonious \n\nrelation between the Chinese ethnic people and Balinese ethnic people at Pupuan Village. \n\nThe Balinese ethnic people use power as the capital through the local genius they have such \n\nas Tri Hita Karana (the harmonious relation between man and God, the harmonious relation \n\nbetween man and his fellow beings, the harmonious relation between man and his \n\nenvironment), Tat Twam Asi (everybody is equal), Penyamabrayaan (brotherhood), and so \n\nforth. The Chinese ethnic people use the socio-economical capital to compensate for the \n\ndomination of the Balinese ethnic group so that the relation between them has become \n\nharmonious.  \n\n The Balinese ethnic people use the power they have to dominate the Chinese ethnic \n\ngroup using the ideology of Tri Hita Karana which is poured in the local law binding all \n\nmembers of Pupuan Traditional Village. A sanction is imposed upon those who break the law. \n\nThe sanction functions as a social control leading to the social order and the harmonious life \n\nat Pupuan Village. The Chinese ethnic people use their socio-economic capital to \n\ncompensate for the domination (hegemony) of the Balinese ethnic group.  \n\n The value of the local genius menyama braya (brotherhood) developed by the \n\nBalinese ethnic people through the teaching of Tat Twam Asi and the teachings of \n\nKhonghucu, Taoism and Buddhism support and develop the attitude of brotherhood \n\n(penyamabrayaan) among the two ethnic groups of people with different cultural \n\nbackgrounds. They all form the pillars of the sense of belonging, respecting one another and \n\nthe attitude of tolerance. They all lead to the harmonious relation among the people living at \n\nPupuan Village and between the two ethnic groups.  This is strengthened by the marriages \n\nbetween the two ethnic groups (amalgamation). The friendship between the two ethnic groups \n\nis also getting closer.  \n\n The capital the Chinese ethnic people have has also led to the harmonious relation \n\nbetween the two ethnic groups at Pupuan Village. The Chinese ethnic people are \n\neconomically and socially established. Their socio-economic role is getting greater and more \n\nimportant. They are also the donators of the social and physical development at the village. \n\nThe Balinese ethnic people also use the power capital they have for dominating the Chinese", "start_char_idx": 6061, "end_char_idx": 8996, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b1dc2cf2-e401-43f2-a1d4-6c90390bd6b9": {"__data__": {"id_": "b1dc2cf2-e401-43f2-a1d4-6c90390bd6b9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33147", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7b321f4664869748054b9231870a88f8ca803dd3fd7bf134302d090ac67e6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d4dc0f31-0566-4dfe-872d-65f8b8683a42", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "2f6684d189ad1934da23565b99b2b492d6cee99e33b2fd44aa21fe5c38442990", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b3c6ebcc-a8d1-488e-9dd2-24aa68f11efa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c52cb206a1ae110f820d4fb132e2d94aa61b1d28c8ccb304256e23ff7546084c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Augst 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 6-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\nethnic people  with an expectation that they can maintain the superordinate position through \n\nthe local law \u2018awig-awig, dresta, pararem\u2019 they have produced. In this way, the Chinese ethnic \n\npeople, as the new comers and minority will always show fidelity and support the security \n\nwithin their families and the village.  \n\n The historical experience also contributes to the harmonious life at Pupuan Village. \n\nThat is reasonable enough as the Chinese ethnic people who came to Pupuan Village in \n\n1820s have considered that Pupuan is the village where they are born, although they have \n\nexperienced independence era and reformation era. The sense of belonging has caused the \n\ntwo ethnic groups living at Pupuan Village to live harmoniously and keep brotherhood as a \n\nbig family leading them to peacefulness.  \n\n Finally, the roles played by the central government and local government have also \n\ncontributed to the harmonious life at Pupuan Village. The central government through the \n\nvillage government as its representative applies the nationally-prevailing law to regulate the \n\nlife of every citizen, including every Chinese living at Pupuan Village, regardless of the ethnic \n\ngroups they belong to. Similarly, the local government which synergizes with the traditional \n\nvillage \u2018desa pakraman\u2019, expects for a social order through the Local Regulation Number 3 of \n\n2001 concerning Traditional Village \u2018Desa Pakraman\u2019 (Surpha, 2012). The traditional village \n\nproduces the local law referred to as awig-awig, dresta and pararem to maintain the \n\nharmonious life among the local people.  \n\n The power behind the harmonious life between the two different ethnics living at \n\nPupuan Village is dynamic and diluted resulting from the power which the local and national \n\npeople have with their positive (constructive) and negative (descriptive) effects. Such \n\ndynamism can be viewed from (a) religious and belief aspect, (b) the dynamics of power in \n\nthe political aspect, and (c) the dynamics in the socio-cultural aspect, and (d) the dynamics \n\nof power in the socio-economic aspect.  \n\n The educational model implemented by the Chinese ethnic group and Balinese ethnic \n\ngroup at Pupuan Village has contributed to the harmonious life from the ethno pedagogic \n\nperspective (Alwasilah, 2008). It can be implemented through different media; they are (1) \n\nthe social organizational media such as the youth \u2018Truna-Truni\u2019 and \u2018Karang Taruna\u2019  \n\norganization; (2) social activities such as doing spirituality-related activities  voluntarily \n\n\u2018ngayah\u2019 and helping the others living in the neighborhood \u2018ngoupin\u2019; (3) traditional games; \n\n(4) story telling tradition; and (5) cultural-ritual media in the public space, which can be used", "start_char_idx": 9001, "end_char_idx": 12044, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b3c6ebcc-a8d1-488e-9dd2-24aa68f11efa": {"__data__": {"id_": "b3c6ebcc-a8d1-488e-9dd2-24aa68f11efa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33147", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7b321f4664869748054b9231870a88f8ca803dd3fd7bf134302d090ac67e6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b1dc2cf2-e401-43f2-a1d4-6c90390bd6b9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "599a718b267f882cbbba2848f90c5bc0b39654e4d47781125e0b56788a18240a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "481a0242-fbd8-4c72-ab3d-82d60862c512", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6ac71b6a738e240964070961115b995040cc0d5a86d0204479851ef3d7ff7de3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Augst 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 6-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\nto implant the local genius values such as togetherness, helping one another, and \n\nbrotherhood.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION  \n\n Based on the result of analysis several conclusions and novelties can be drawn from \n\nthe present study. First,  the interests, powers and capitals that the Chinese ethnic group and \n\nBalinese ethnic group have, tolerance, respecting one another and equality in diversity have \n\ncontributed to the harmonious relation between them, meaning that the Pupuan society have \n\nbeen able to actualize the motto Unity in Diversity \u2018Bhinneka Tunggal Ika\u2019 and the doctrine \n\nmulticulturalism in its social life. Thus, the harmonious life between the Chinese ethnic group \n\nand Balinese ethnic group at Pupuan Village, Tabanan, Bali has resulted from the positive or \n\nproductive power as stated in the theory of discourse of power/knowledge proposed by \n\nFoucault.  \n\n Second, the diluted dynamics in the relation between the two ethnic groups, as the \n\nlocal and national ethnic groups,  at Pupuan Village has resulted from the powers they have. \n\nThat has led to the desired situation and condition, causing the stable and harmonious life to \n\nbe able to be maintained. They have always struggled for their resources and positions to win \n\nthe contestation taking place in the same arena and to maintain their stable harmonious social \n\nlives as stated by Bourdieu in his theory. The local genius which the two ethnic groups have \n\nrequires them to negotiate and communicate through their agencies as proposed by \n\nHabermas in his theory in order to keep the condition at Pupuan Village harmonious and \n\nconducive. Thus, as far as the context of the dynamics of power is concerned, it can be stated \n\nthat the hegemony between the Balinese ethnic group and Chinese ethnic group has not only \n\ntaken place in one way but in two ways as stated by Gramsci in his theory that the majority \n\nwill always dominate the minority. The Balinese ethnic group has dominated the Chinese \n\nethnic group in several aspects and the Chinese ethnic group dominates the Balinese ethnic \n\npeople. Thus, there is balance of power between the two ethnic groups in how they manage \n\ntheir existence to keep the situation harmonious.  \n\n Third, the ethnographic educational model implemented to maintain the harmonious \n\nrelation between the two ethnic groups at Pupuan Village is considered the effective media \n\nfor implanting the local genius values locally. The media include the social organizational \n\nmedia such as the youth \u2018taruna teruni\u2019 and \u2018karang taruna\u2019 groups; the ngayah and ngoupin \n\nactivities; traditional games, traditional storytelling, and cultural ritual performed in the public", "start_char_idx": 12049, "end_char_idx": 15049, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "481a0242-fbd8-4c72-ab3d-82d60862c512": {"__data__": {"id_": "481a0242-fbd8-4c72-ab3d-82d60862c512", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33147", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7b321f4664869748054b9231870a88f8ca803dd3fd7bf134302d090ac67e6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b3c6ebcc-a8d1-488e-9dd2-24aa68f11efa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "b3bce498093722af136c0381a60cb2418cadeb981db817cfb24b71ca115d1095", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "64e7beec-c185-4eb6-a777-bc7d2cf9217f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b478549b6eb029971de91f472a86e0b6827f1d4c4100e01266979ef5ae1c68f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Augst 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 6-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nspace. They are all the media which can be employed by all the parties to be aware that \n\ntogetherness, brotherhood \u2018menyama braya\u2019, full tolerance and appreciating one another are \n\nthe key to the harmonious life.  \n\n Based on the novelties described above, it is suggested that (1) it is still necessary to \n\nconduct further research in order to enrich the studies of ethnicity in cultural studies; (2) the \n\nstakeholders should continuously nurture pluralism and multiculturalism so that unity can \n\nalways be maintained.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT   \n\n In this opportunity the writer would like to thank Dr. I Gede Mudaha, M.Si for editing \n\nthis article so it can be published in the e-journal of Cultural Studies. It is hoped that the article \n\nmay be useful to us all.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAgger, Ben. 2009. Teori Sosial Kritis: Kritik, Penerapan dan Implikasinya. Yogyakarta : \nKreasi Wacana.  \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Bentang.  \n\nBasrowi dan Sukidin. 2003. Teori-teori Perlawanan dan Kekerasan Kolektif. Surabaya: Insan \nCendekia. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 2015. Arena Produksi Kultural: Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi Budaya. Bantul: \nKreasi Wacana.  \n\nFoucault, Michel. 2002. Pengetahuan dan Metode: Karya-karya Penting Michel Foucault. \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 2013. Prison Notebooks (Catatan-catatan dari Penjara). Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar. \n\nHammerle, P. Johannes M. 2013. Pasukan Belanda di Kampung Para Penjagal. Gunung \nSitoli: Yayasan Pusaka Nias. \n\nHarefa, Firman. 2009. Pariwisata Nias: Peluang, Ilusi atau Petaka? (serial online), 19 April \n2009. [cited 2011 Dec.18] Available from URL: \nhttp://www.niaspost.com/2009/04/19/pariwisata-nias-peluang-ilusi-ataupetaka/. \nDiakses, tanggal 29 Juli 2015. \n\nHorton, Paul B. dan Chester L. Hunt. 1999. Sosiologi. Jakarta: Erlangga.  \n\nJenks, Chris. 2013. Culture (Studi Kebudayaan). Yogyakarta. Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nMahar, C., dkk. 2009. (Habitus x Modal) + Ranah = Praktik: Pengantar Paling Komprehensif \nKepada Pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.  \n\nParchiano, Novella. 2015. Sejarah Pengetahuan Michel Foucault. Dalam: Listiyono Santoso \ndan Abd. Qodir Saleh (Ed.). Epistemologi Kiri. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.", "start_char_idx": 15054, "end_char_idx": 17591, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "64e7beec-c185-4eb6-a777-bc7d2cf9217f": {"__data__": {"id_": "64e7beec-c185-4eb6-a777-bc7d2cf9217f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33147", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7b321f4664869748054b9231870a88f8ca803dd3fd7bf134302d090ac67e6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "481a0242-fbd8-4c72-ab3d-82d60862c512", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "725df9007b69ea0f97456a258bfefa980e6940d19d9c27e82b26cca8f3683310", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6b4ca3af-84c7-440f-aeaa-39bdd6df7682", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d8ecea72b80e2340388ea855ac4d2dcea9978495fc5495ed786b284b82f04c9c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Augst 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 6-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\nPeraturan Desa Nomor 3 Tahun 2015. Desa Bawomataluo, Kabupaten Nias Selatan. \n\nPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 50 Tahun 2011 Tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan \nKepariwisataan Nasional Tahun 2010 \u2013 2025. \n\nPitana, I Gde dan I Putu G. Gayatri. 2005. Sosiologi Pariwisata. Yogyakarta: Andi. \n\nUndang-Undang RI Nomor 10 Tahun 2009. Kepariwisataan. Bandung: Citra Umbara. \n\nZebua, Manahati. 2014. Inspirasi Pengembangan Pariwisata di Daerah. Yogyakarta: \nValemba.", "start_char_idx": 17596, "end_char_idx": 18346, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6b4ca3af-84c7-440f-aeaa-39bdd6df7682": {"__data__": {"id_": "6b4ca3af-84c7-440f-aeaa-39bdd6df7682", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33148", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "c5b40fc7ebea1dc7d8b20b69e06d00f5539b17eb998246c570eba102c021500d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "64e7beec-c185-4eb6-a777-bc7d2cf9217f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33147", "author": "Aryana, I Gusti Made; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa", "title": " POWER BEHIND HARMONY: CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF RELATION BETWEEN CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP AND BALINESE ETHNIC GROUP AT PUPUAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33147.pdf"}, "hash": "9c8829fb4f5eb163bd4e8837dd27d6629dbd09b5427489ef3b6183234c45119c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8e24923e-1c89-4e9b-9611-d14d82e5d723", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f1248558170eab70560b55b021cc6f142719b76a55c9a4b5deb9d66450ad2e05", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - La Ode Yusuf 3\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nBANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION  \nAS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION  \nIN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI \n\n \nLa Ode Yusuf \nI Wayan Cika \n\nI Gusti Ketut Gde Arsana \nDepartment of Tourism and Creative Economy, Wakatobi Regency \n\nemail: laode-yusuf31@yahoo.co.id \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Globalization has caused tradition to change, meaning that globalization has caused \nthe sacred tradition to change into the propane tradition as it has been used as a tourist \nattraction. This present study discusses the Bangka mbule-mbule tradition used as a tourist \nattraction in Wakatobi Regency, South East Sulawesi. The study is intended to inform the \npublic that the Bangka mbule-mbule has been performed as a cultural tourist destination. The \nstudy uses the descriptive qualitative method. The data which were obtained from the field \nwere qualitatively described. The social theory combined with the theory of cultural tourism \ndepartment was used to analyze the data. \n The result of the study shows that Tradition can be defined as a right heritage or a \nheritage from the past which is still currently found in society. One of the traditions which is \nstill performed is the bangka mbule-mbule tradition. It is still performed by Mandati people in \nWakatobi Regency, South East Sulawesi. The owners of the tradition still believe in it. It has \nbeen performed to support the cultural tradition in Wakatobi. The implication is that it has \nincreased the number of tourists visiting Wakatobi, South East Sulawesi. \n \nKeywords: tradition, Bangka mbule-mbule, tourist attraction, culture \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION  \n\n Wakatobi Regency, as one of the world\u2019s tourist destinations, is rich in culture and \n\nmarine bio data. Wakatobi used to be part of Buton Regency, South Sulawesi Province; \n\nhowever, it has become new regency since 2003. It is a group of islands situated in the \n\neastern part of South Sulawesi Province. Its reliable sector is marine tourism. In addition, it is \n\nalso rich in culture and traditions. Some of the traditions which the people living there still \n\nperform are kabuenga tradition, duata tradition performed by the Bajo ethnic group, safara \n\ntradition performed by Tomia ethnic group, and posepaa tradition.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2597, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8e24923e-1c89-4e9b-9611-d14d82e5d723": {"__data__": {"id_": "8e24923e-1c89-4e9b-9611-d14d82e5d723", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33148", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "c5b40fc7ebea1dc7d8b20b69e06d00f5539b17eb998246c570eba102c021500d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6b4ca3af-84c7-440f-aeaa-39bdd6df7682", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "9074686414b3b9dbabbbd16943974a4c3d55dcfdf61ea896ce42dc49cedeffb1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ad40f425-2406-4d56-be29-ad66b04b6bed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e4b11e2811a273c04609a309ce9579438aa49197235cc3db9d1f906e7c836d23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\n Wakatobi Regency consists of eight districts; they are Wangiwangi District as its \n\ncapital, South Wangiwangi District, Kaledupa District, South Kaledupa District, Tomia District, \n\nEast Tomia District, Binongko District, and Togo Binongko District. As far as the conservation \n\nof traditions is concerned, the people living in Wakatobi Regency still strongly maintain their \n\ntraditions. One of the traditions they still perform is the Bangka mbule-mbule tradition, \n\nalthough it has been performed to promote cultural tourism as an income generating attempt \n\nmade by the local government.  \n\n The Bangka mbule-mbule tradition constitutes a ritual which can be defined as a boat \n\nwhich goes home. When it is performed, a boat with replicas of a man and a woman and \n\ndifferent types of agricultural crops is washed away. Before it is involved in a procession \n\naround the city, prayers are recited to ward off misfortune \u2018tolak bala\u2019. Then the replicas are \n\ncarried in a liter around the village. Before it is washed away, the boat replica carried by a \n\ngroup of strong men and decorated with different crops is rotated right and left in the cross \n\nroad eight times. After it is rotated right and left, it is carried to the beach where it is washed \n\naway.  \n\n As a traditional ritual, the Bangka mbule-mbule is one of the potentials which Wakatobi \n\nRegency has which is worth conserving. What is unique, as far as this tradition is concerned, \n\nis that it can be performed as a tourist attraction and to inform its existence to the public. The \n\nritual which is highly rich in the local genius values can contribute to the empowerment of the \n\nMandati society. The traditional society is empowered in order to improve their life condition \n\nmaterially and spiritually. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n This present study is a descriptive qualitative one; it describes the Bangka mbule-\n\nmbule tradition performed as a tourist attraction. The study was conducted in Mandati Sub-\n\ndistrict, South Wangiwangi District, Wakatobi Regency, South East Sulawesi Province. The \n\nbangka-bangka tradition performed by the Mandati ethnic group in Wakatobi Regency is used \n\nas the data of the study.  \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\n Tradition refers to the sameness of any material object and concept inherited from the \n\npast, but it is still currently performed and has not been damaged. It can be defined as a right \n\nor past heritage. It is usually repeatedly and intentionally performed. According to C.A. van", "start_char_idx": 2603, "end_char_idx": 5397, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ad40f425-2406-4d56-be29-ad66b04b6bed": {"__data__": {"id_": "ad40f425-2406-4d56-be29-ad66b04b6bed", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33148", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "c5b40fc7ebea1dc7d8b20b69e06d00f5539b17eb998246c570eba102c021500d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8e24923e-1c89-4e9b-9611-d14d82e5d723", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "2e94f2fa684d9c5628a9221fa04ca175967dcc883d5401bdc059237242530f5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "74fe2687-0f16-46d7-bdd8-6fa19c00a231", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dd3870610c786e3dd6a5b7b4bd1e7f29a6a5ab2d6fe31b03b9a2d95754582dd6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\nPeursen, tradition is translated as a process bequeathing norms, customs and traditions, and \n\nproperties. It can be adopted, denied, and combined with man-made different things \n\n(Peursen, 1988: 11).  \n\n Tradition can be more widely defined as an entity which includes the existence of the \n\npast in the present time; it does not only show the fact that the current era comes from the \n\nneglected or forgotten past era. This is supported by what is stated by Shils that tradition \n\nrefers to all the material objects and concepts adopted from the past era but it is currently still \n\nin existence; it has not been damaged or destroyed. Tradition means everything which is \n\ninherited from the past era to the present era (Sztompka, 2007: 70). \n\n Tradition is adopted from the Latin word tradition \u201cbeing continued\u201d or habit. As far as \n\nthis definition is concerned, tradition means informing and submitting something through time. \n\nTradition cannot be separated from the past time and, to some extent, includes sacred things \n\nsuch as the kinship system, the belief system, arts, customs and traditions, and the other \n\nforms of habits performed from generation to generation. Although it has changed with \n\nrespect to time and space, it has not disappeared; it has not got extinct either as it has been \n\ncontinuously made to survive through current definition. As one source of the cultural treasure \n\nof the society in the past, different forms of local genius and traditions need to be maintained \n\nand developed. \n\n Etymologically, the term bangka mbule-mbule is derived from the local language, \n\nnamely the Pulo language or the language spoken by the people living in the Islands of \n\nTukang Besi or Mbeda-mbeda language which is currently referred to as the Wakatobi \n\nlanguage. The word bangka means \u201cperahu\u201d (boat), and the word mbule means \u201cgoing \n\nhome\u201d, which has then become a reduplication mbule-mbule, meaning \u201cdipulangkan\u201d (being \n\nsent home) and or \u201cdilarung ke laut\u201d (being washed way on the sea). Bangka mbule-mbule is \n\na traditional ritual performed by the Mandati ethnic group living in South Wangi-Wangi District, \n\nWakatobi Regency. It has become a culture which has been deeply rooted in the Mandati \n\nsociety since a very long time ago. It is performed once in four times and, if it is necessary, it \n\ncan be performed once a year. It is performed when the traditional leaders view that the \n\ncountry in general and the Mandati society in particular are experiencing disasters such as \n\ncrop failure, epidemic diseases, disputes, security instability, and other incidents which \n\ndisturb the society.  \n\n The strategy used to develop the industry of cultural tourism in Wakatobi seems to \n\nhave increased the local people\u2019s income, causing them to be more developed and welfare.", "start_char_idx": 5402, "end_char_idx": 8504, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "74fe2687-0f16-46d7-bdd8-6fa19c00a231": {"__data__": {"id_": "74fe2687-0f16-46d7-bdd8-6fa19c00a231", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33148", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "c5b40fc7ebea1dc7d8b20b69e06d00f5539b17eb998246c570eba102c021500d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ad40f425-2406-4d56-be29-ad66b04b6bed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "8035d55204604eeaa03c5faaba798e84a5588758e50eaf5dc34dfca32a1eab4e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "05f38670-175c-4182-952f-d3101b9286ab", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d57849dd9cd07e490d2942f686a7c6e421d2ff9851df4b4382ad665436501236", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\nThe local government has successfully developed the cultural tourist attraction bangka \n\nmbule-mbule to support the marine tourism in Wakatobi, as shown by the fact that the number \n\nof tourists visiting Wakatobi increased significantly from 2011 to 2016. In 2011 the tourists \n\ncoming to visit Wakatobi totaled 7,698 and in 2012 the tourists coming to visit Wakatobi \n\ntotaled 8,053, in 2013 the tourists coming to visit Wakatobi totaled 12,370, in 2014 the tourists \n\ncoming to visit Wakatobi totaled 14,270, in 2015 the tourists coming to visit Wakatobi totaled \n\n18,027, and in 2016 the tourists coming to visit Wakatobi totaled 22,380 (Source: the \n\nDepartment of Tourism and Creative Economy of Wakatobi Regency). Wakatobi is new \n\nregency and is rich in natural wealth; therefore, it has been promoted as a tourist destination. \n\nThe programs made by the government cannot be separated from the attempt made to \n\npromote the potentials the region has. It has promoted natural tourism, cultural tourism, and \n\nman-made tourism. In addition, the government has also improved infrastructure and services \n\nto visitors. In this way it is hoped that Wakatobi will be able to attract tourists to always come \n\nwith their families, relatives, and friends. Cultural tourism is promoted to support the marine \n\ntourism so tourists will never feel bored of enjoying the marine beauty. Interesting cultural \n\ntraditions will also be offered to tourists as they reflect the past civilization.  \n\n At the moment the Indonesian government is developing superior tourist destinations \n\nbetter known as top ten destinations, one of them is Wakatobi Regency. The past cultural \n\nheritage is considered the cultural capital which can be used to support the development of \n\ncultural tourism (Richards in Ardika, 2015:57). Tourists can consume cultural tourism as a \n\ntourist attraction for several factors; they are aesthetics, emotion, technology or information, \n\nand values. They will always be interested in knowing how other people can live in the \n\nenvironment which is different from the environment where they live. These factors can \n\nmotivate them to go from one destination to another destination. They make contact with local \n\npeople; they appreciate customs and traditions, musical gastronomy, and arts.  \n\n Tourism is one of the globalized cultural phenomena which can be considered a \n\nsystem. In the model proposed by Leiper in Ardika (2015:58), it is stated that tourism is made \n\nup of three components; they are tourists, geographical elements, and tourism industry. In \n\nthis model tourists are the most important thing as, basically, it is concerned with human \n\nexperience; it is something which can be enjoyed, anticipated and can be eternally \n\nremembered. The geographic element includes the market or the region which can motivate \n\npeople to travel and transit when they travel from one destination to another. The third", "start_char_idx": 8509, "end_char_idx": 11740, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "05f38670-175c-4182-952f-d3101b9286ab": {"__data__": {"id_": "05f38670-175c-4182-952f-d3101b9286ab", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33148", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "c5b40fc7ebea1dc7d8b20b69e06d00f5539b17eb998246c570eba102c021500d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "74fe2687-0f16-46d7-bdd8-6fa19c00a231", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "90c2a8f898eb3d5a04c85761a49a5f90d702ea577fb7aad3ab0cc4041653640b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "de81da60-c881-4fe0-9d22-90a373cc432a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0a88b8561874808b576e68f972452f71c7bcfac23df8b74f0971edb7eecdf694", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nelement is tourism industry which is concerned with an enterprise or business and \n\norganization regulating the products of tourism.  \n\n  Furthermore, Cooper (Ardika, 2015:58) stated that a tourist destination should have \n\nfour components; they are attraction, accessibility, availability of different facilities \n\n(accommodation, restaurant, entertainment, shopping center, and other amenities, and \n\nancillary services). \n\n In relation to the cultural tourism, Wakatobi is actually one of the regions in Indonesia \n\nwhich has different cultural heritages, resulting from the fact that there are many ethnic groups \n\nwith their respective cultural heritages. They are the Wanci ethnic group, the Mandati ethnic \n\ngroup, the Liya ethnic group, the Kapota ethnic group, and the Bajo ethnic group occupying \n\nWangiwangi Island, the Kaledupa ethnic group occupying Kaledupa Island, which is also \n\noccupied by the Bajo Sampela ethnic group and Mantigola ethnic group, the Tomia ethnic \n\ngroup occupying Tomia Island, the Binongko ethnic group or the Mbeda-mbeda ethnic group \n\nand the Ciacia ethnic group occupying Binongko Island. They have inherited cultural \n\nheritages from the pre-historic eras (the Hindu Budha era, the Islamic era and Colonial Era) \n\nwhich can be used as tourist attractions. In relation to that, it is not wrong if James Spilline \n\n(2003) stated that Indonesia is the most interesting country in South Asia with respect to \n\ncultural tourism. It is also stated that the development of cultural tourism should economically \n\nand culturally benefit local people.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION  \n\n As a tourist destination, Wakatobi has been included by the central government as \n\none of the top ten destinations in Indonesia. The Bangka mbule-mbule tradition has been \n\nused as its icon of tourism. It has been well-known for its marine and cultural tourism. The \n\nsuccess achieved by the local government to promote tourist attractions has contributed to \n\nthe increase in the number of tourists visiting Wakatobi. It is expected that the result of the \n\npresent study can be used as a reference referred to by those who care about the \n\ndevelopment of tradition and cultural tourism, especially the tradition performed by and \n\ncultural tourism developed by the Mandati people in Wakatobi.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n Praise the Almighty God, Allah SWT, for his blessing that this article entitled \u201cBangka \n\nMbule-Mbule Tradition as a Tourist Attraction in Wakatobi Regency, South East Sulawesi", "start_char_idx": 11745, "end_char_idx": 14557, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "de81da60-c881-4fe0-9d22-90a373cc432a": {"__data__": {"id_": "de81da60-c881-4fe0-9d22-90a373cc432a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33148", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "c5b40fc7ebea1dc7d8b20b69e06d00f5539b17eb998246c570eba102c021500d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "05f38670-175c-4182-952f-d3101b9286ab", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "922439a2cdd82e6d04aa3f0b068d4d904e6a8073b5157031db17ccfe9cafc325", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "40583410-339e-4068-a112-1508e5025767", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9f348a1d8699f7fe81189daa05fdea1e10fd3d56a2a07a27409a436e93d8f25a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 13-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nProvince\u201d could be well completed. Therefore, in this opportunity, the writer would like to thank \n\nthe Regent of Wakatobi Regency, H. Arhawi, S.E., Deputy Regent, Ilmiati Daud, S.E., Head \n\nof the Department of Tourism and Creative Economy of Wakatobi Regency, Nadar, S.IP., \n\nM.Si.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nArdika, I Wayan. 2015. Warisan Budaya Perspektif Masa Kini. Denpasar; Udayana University \nPress. \n\nBappeda Kabupaten Wakatobi. 2014. Kabupaten Wakatobi dalam Angka 2014. Kabupaten \nWakatobi  \n\nDikti. 2009.  Pedoman Kajian Tradisi Lisan: Pengembangan Kajian Langka (Kajian Tradisi \nLisan sebagai Kekuatan Kultural.) Jakarta: Dikti. \n\nPeursen, C. A. Van. 1988. Strategi Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Kanisius. \n\nSztompka, Piotr. 2007. Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial. Jakarta: Predana Media Grup.", "start_char_idx": 14562, "end_char_idx": 15652, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "40583410-339e-4068-a112-1508e5025767": {"__data__": {"id_": "40583410-339e-4068-a112-1508e5025767", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33149", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "d3e849807090fc626006599e69a99e586127dc340dd52827860678708425a338", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "de81da60-c881-4fe0-9d22-90a373cc432a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33148", "author": "Yusuf, La Ode; Cika, I Wayan; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " BANGKA MBULE-MBULE TRADITION AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN WAKATOBI, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33148.pdf"}, "hash": "175b63e0db2e9207fc13fbab2243cf441765f0f40fa95c82d9ea569899e45e59", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e689e3e9-2d38-4708-a8ce-9a58a1b35a02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c622c3a9750e460907272e341f29dea9a6ef4a9dc6749757b361e1a5e2da5342", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Made Mardika 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nTHE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER \nRELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, \n\nSUKAWATI, BALI \n \n\nI Made Mardika \nWarmadewa University \n\nemail: mardikaimade17@yahoo.com \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n It is important to deconstruct the development of the mass wooden statue industry at \nKemenuh, Sukawati District, Gianyar, Bali. The reason is that the artisans are presumed to \nhave been marginalized by capital strength. This present study is intended to answer the \nideology which has inspired the mass wooden statue industry, the power practice performed \nby the agencies, and its implication on the life of the artisans. The study used the approach \nof cultural studies and the critical social theories. The data were analyzed qualitatively.  \n The result of the study shows that, first, the ideology which has inspired the artisans \nto develop the mass wooden statue industry is the \u2018great\u2019 capitalistic ideology which is mixed \nwith the Balinese ideology, causing the synthetic and pluralistic ideology to be formed. \nSecond, the hierarchical and symmetrical power practice performed by the agencies. The \ncapital owners, distributors and consumers dominate and exploit the artisans. Third, the mass \ncultural industry has economically, socially and culturally affected the life of the artisans. \nHowever, their economy has been better but they are getting marginalized; their gender \nequality is getting stronger but their traditional social structure is getting instable; and their art \ncreativity has improved but the connotation of their mass culture is getting lower.  \n \nKeywords: deconstruction, ideology, mass cultural industry, power practice. \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION  \n\n History shows that the fast development of tourism in Bali has been followed the fast \n\ndevelopment of the centers of statue industry. Kemenuh Village is one of the centers of the \n\nstatue industry. Economically, the statue industry plays a strategic role; therefore, statues \n\nhave been used as the superior exported commodity and a cultural tourist attraction. \n\nHowever, the development of the mass statue industry at Kemenuh Village has faced a \n\nnumber of problems. The change from the traditional statue industry into the mass statue \n\nindustry cannot be separated from the capitalistic system of economy. The artisans cannot \n\nfeely create statues as they have to create the statues determined by the market. They", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2813, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e689e3e9-2d38-4708-a8ce-9a58a1b35a02": {"__data__": {"id_": "e689e3e9-2d38-4708-a8ce-9a58a1b35a02", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33149", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "d3e849807090fc626006599e69a99e586127dc340dd52827860678708425a338", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "40583410-339e-4068-a112-1508e5025767", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "9c69b7d6e08e5c2e9d3cd1c15b66118bafa7bef158ac6b582983d0e558dc4cb5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7ab83a32-8b23-4b63-a28e-e756f7005fe6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "57a54151a9e5908b0ef110b89e5f13fca1bb875828ab4ff9718b20511adbd980", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nbecome the paid artisans; they only produce statues in order to fulfill what is ordered by the \n\ncapital owners. However, the artisans are not aware of such unbalanced power relation. \n\nFurthermore, they still perform their profession comfortably to make both ends meet. Based \n\non the background described above, this present study is intended to answer three main \n\nproblems of the study. They are (1) what ideology has inspired the artisans at Kemenuh \n\nVillage to produce mass statues. (2) How is the power practice between the artisans and \n\ncapital owners/entrepreneurs, distributors and consumers? (3)  What is the implication of the \n\nmass cultural industry on the life of the artisans? \n\n In general, this present study is intended to understand and criticize the mass cultural \n\nindustry developing in Bali in general and at Kemenuh Village in particular. In particular, this \n\npresent study is intended to (1) identify the ideology which has inspired the wooden statue \n\nartisans at Kemenuh Village, (2) identify the discourse on the power practice performed by \n\nthe capital owners, distributors, and consumers, and (3) identify things related to the \n\nimplication of the mass cultural industry on the life of the artisans at Kemenuh Village.  \n\n In theory, it is expected that the result of the present study may enrich the treasure of \n\ncultural studies in general and the treasure of the mass cultural industry in particular, and the \n\nteaching material of the humanities. In practice, it is expected that the result of the present \n\nstudy can be used as guidance for formulating the policies related to the existence of the \n\nmass statue industry and make the artisans appreciate and critically aware of the products \n\nthey produce. It is also expected that the result of the present study can be used as a \n\nreference referred to when discussing related matters.  \n\n This present study is based on the eclectically applied critical social theories. Four \n\nmain theories which were used are the theory of commodification proposed by Marx \n\n(Mulyanto, 2012; 20\u201427; Suyanto, 2013: 174\u2014175); the theory of power relation and \n\nknowledge proposed by Foucault (1980: 88-99), the theory of the arena of cultural production \n\nproposed by Bourdieu (2010), and the theory of deconstruction proposed by Derrida (Ritzer, \n\n2003: 203\u2014207).  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n The study was conducted at Kemenuh Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency, \n\nBali. The village is well-known as the center of wooden statue industry where modern and \n\ntraditional statues are produced. The village has developed into the one where statutes are", "start_char_idx": 2818, "end_char_idx": 5745, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7ab83a32-8b23-4b63-a28e-e756f7005fe6": {"__data__": {"id_": "7ab83a32-8b23-4b63-a28e-e756f7005fe6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33149", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "d3e849807090fc626006599e69a99e586127dc340dd52827860678708425a338", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e689e3e9-2d38-4708-a8ce-9a58a1b35a02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "2cc1165b1e3c24dd91bee04085d3b51ae0e31967aa29754628f735aa1bf50ac3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fd173876-0cd8-4257-8d37-486363cd1c4c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a157413a6feed1173ea5c85dc4aa6ac26ad1a65d8876d3b59da7acf9050424ee", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\nproduced, the arena where products are distributed and the transaction between the \n\nproducers and consumers takes place.  \n\n The study was designed based on the qualitative method using the perspective of \n\ncultural studies. The main informants were the artisans determined using the snow ball \n\ntechnique. The data were collected using the techniques of participatory observation, in-depth \n\ninterview, and documentation. The data were inductively, descriptively and qualitatively \n\nanalyzed using the method of cultural studies including the genealogic, deconstruction, and \n\nsemiotic methods. The result of data analysis is presented formally and informally. \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION  \n\n The people living at Kemenuh Village had worked as farmers and traditional artisans \n\nuntil 1960s. In 1970 when Bali tourism developed, statues were produced and needed as \n\nsouvenirs, causing the traditional artisans to become commercial ones. They became paid \n\nartisans and produced the statutes ordered by the capital owners. They did not produce \n\nstatues selectively anymore; they produced statues massively, based on what was desired \n\nby the market, distributors and exporters. Since then they have been trapped within the \n\ncapitalistic economic system. Hokheimer and Ardono remind that the mass cultural industry \n\nhas appeared as a capitalistic company, causing the cultural forms to be standardized and \n\nrationalized. The cultural products are produced in order to collect capital and obtain benefit \n\n(in Thompson, 2006: 151). The logical consequence of this phenomenon is that the impacts \n\nof the \u2018great\u2019 capitalistic ideology cannot be avoided, meaning that the mass statue industry \n\ncannot be avoided either.  \n\n At least there are six ideological forms which are adhered to by the mass statue \n\nartisans at Kemenuh Village; they are the market ideology, the money ideology, the gender \n\nideology, the patriarchal ideology, the ideology of cultural tourism and the ideology of tourism \n\nculture. The fact that the artisans idolize the market can be seen from the commodities they \n\nproduce, the forms of the statues produced are adjusted to what is desired by the market, \n\nand how the statues they produce are distributed is determined by the market (Atmadja, 2010: \n\n136). The moneytheism in which money is idolized is indicated by the fact that the artisans \n\nwork as the paid ones, meaning that they are paid for the statues they produce in order to \n\nmake both ends meet. The belief which differentiates the role played by men and that played \n\nby women can be observed from the fact that the mass statue industry is a mass culture \n\nwhich is identical with women, and the difference between the jobs done by men and those", "start_char_idx": 5750, "end_char_idx": 8784, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fd173876-0cd8-4257-8d37-486363cd1c4c": {"__data__": {"id_": "fd173876-0cd8-4257-8d37-486363cd1c4c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33149", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "d3e849807090fc626006599e69a99e586127dc340dd52827860678708425a338", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7ab83a32-8b23-4b63-a28e-e756f7005fe6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "2f66bcd0e6f9a1a6a9c8b4c444988728f7c4d4c7d02648a2245ecda5c5a74229", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e7fa0b2e-111c-403e-8715-1af5233ff589", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "02984cae57a40064c66c292c08ad54566c4600c0eff833180bdc5255579edc12", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\ndone by women (Murani, 2004: 62; Strinati, 292\u2014293). The belief that men are superior over \n\nwomen is indicated by the evaluation that the wooden statue industry cannot be separated \n\nfrom the low quality products, and that the wages received by women are lower than those \n\nreceived by men (Fakih, 2008: 104\u2014105). The belief that cultural tourism positively improves \n\neconomy can be seen from the statute industrial products, daily life, and the environment \n\nwhere the artisans work becomes an object of cultural tourism (Picard, 2006: 194). The \n\nmental attitude of the artisans which attempt to adjust themselves to tourism and what it \n\nrequires can be seen from the attempt made to give excessive appreciation and services to \n\ntourists. The forms of the statues they produce are also adjusted to what is desired by tourists \n\n(Picard, 2006: 247\u2014249).  \n\n The six ideologies easily affect the artisans as, substantially, they have had their roots \n\nin the Balinese culture. The market and money ideologies can be observed from the fact that \n\nthey believe in the existence of Bethari Melanting (Goddess of the market) and Bethara \n\nRambut Sedana (God of Rambut Sedana) (Atmadja, 2010: 136). Similarly, the basis of the \n\npatriarchal and gender ideologies can be observed from the belief in what is called purusa-\n\nprakerti, and the patrilineal tradition which is so strong in the life of the Balinese society. The \n\nelements of the local culture are mixed with the dominant capitalistic ideology leading to the \n\nsyncretic and pluralistic ideologies. \n\n The power practice in the mass cultural industry involves three relations; they are the \n\nrelation between the artisans and capital owners, the relation between the distributors and \n\nartisans, and the relation between the consumers and artisans. They all show the hierarchical \n\nand asymmetrical power relation. The capital owners, distributors, and consumers are in the \n\nposition of dominating the artisans. The strong financial capital the capital owners have \n\nenables them to control, determine, and oppress the artisans. The capital owners dominate \n\nthe artisans as the process of producing and distributing the statutes are determined by them. \n\nThe capital owners exploit the artisans through low wages, physical disciplining practice, and \n\nmodernization of tools which benefit the capital owners. The capital owners dominate the \n\nartisans by spreading knowledge of the process of production and distribution, making use of \n\nnew technologies, and interrelation with media (Mulyanto, 2012: 263).  \n\n The power practice between the distributors including the mediating agencies, \n\ngovernment, mass media, and financial institutions with the artisans also shows dominative \n\nand exploitative power. The collectors determine the forms, motives, number and prices of \n\nthe products produced. The mediating agencies with their social capital can dominate the", "start_char_idx": 8789, "end_char_idx": 12009, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e7fa0b2e-111c-403e-8715-1af5233ff589": {"__data__": {"id_": "e7fa0b2e-111c-403e-8715-1af5233ff589", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33149", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "d3e849807090fc626006599e69a99e586127dc340dd52827860678708425a338", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fd173876-0cd8-4257-8d37-486363cd1c4c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "9d8eb7502971e3005d65a529a81e4d737542ca02a5d0d55cd560914153d26323", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "547fa90c-bf07-4b25-af06-7b31cdb5a3c8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a94b730e56e76902a7036cfbb443131e823ad03db517f7372ebec0329e98f1f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nartisans; they determine the forms of the statues which have to be produced and new \n\ncreations. They also supervise the production process. Similarly, the non-class statue \n\nagencies such as the government, mass media and financial institutions are on the capital \n\nowners\u2019 side through the power practice over the artisans (Fakih, 2008: 55-56).  \n\n The power practice shown by the consumers to the artisans takes place in dominative \n\nand exploitative manners. The consumers cooperate directly with tourists, tour and travel \n\nagencies and art shops. They can dictate the artisans, as can be seen from when the artisans \n\nare supposed to demonstrate their skill to satisfy the perspective consumers and as a form \n\nof the services they can give to tourists. The consumers indirectly control the artisans by \n\ndetermining the number of products and how often orders are made by the importers for the \n\nexporters. The power practice is proved by the artisans\u2019 attitude to follow what is desired by \n\nthe consumers (the market) when they produce and distribute the products.  \n\n The development of the mass cultural industry at Kemenuh Village has affected the \n\neconomic, social and cultural aspects of the life of the artisans. From 1970 to 2000s, the \n\ndevelopment of the mass cultural industry could improve the society\u2019s economy; however, \n\nafter that they have become marginalized. The economic improvement can be seen from the \n\nfact that their income improved, the industry was used as the income generating source, and \n\nthe availability of new job opportunities. The low wages and no guaranteed jobs have caused \n\nthe artisans to be marginalized. The artisans have become alienated due to the limited \n\neconomic accessibility, job opportunities, and economic capital ownership. Socially, the \n\ndevelopment of mass cultural industry has caused the economy-based new middle class to \n\nappear which has destabilized the traditional social structure. The newly-born social class is \n\nbased on the criterion of the economic aspect (for example, the success in becoming an \n\nentrepreneur undertaking statue industry). The destabilized traditional social structure \n\nincludes the gender discrimination, the pattern of patron-client relation, and the system of \n\nsolidarity value. Culturally, the mass cultural industry has affected the ethic and emic struggle \n\nfor the discourse of arts, and art creativity is determined by what is desired by the market. \n\nEthically, the internal struggle for the discourse of arts can be observed from the \n\ncategorization of the canonic art, and the external struggle for the discourse of arts is affected \n\nby the pro-capital capitalistic penetration that oppresses the artisans. Emically, there has \n\nbeen a struggle for the discourse of arts such as fine art, mass culture, and the art of wooden \n\npainting.", "start_char_idx": 12014, "end_char_idx": 15157, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "547fa90c-bf07-4b25-af06-7b31cdb5a3c8": {"__data__": {"id_": "547fa90c-bf07-4b25-af06-7b31cdb5a3c8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33149", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "d3e849807090fc626006599e69a99e586127dc340dd52827860678708425a338", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e7fa0b2e-111c-403e-8715-1af5233ff589", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "e796f64d6d22c9b9ae34d506b2e07c3760f067cf7072789eb1b6d396b3361c86", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c93213ec-f24e-430e-8265-2df72547c8c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c01835f1495cdd240e7d0d1b50198c779be656b8ca16d95cc08fee88fab55bd4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\n CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION \n\n Based on what was described above, several conclusions can be drawn as follows. \n\nFirst, the form of the ideology which has been adhered to by the mass statue artisans at \n\nKemenuh Village is dominated by the \u2018great\u2019 ideology mixed with the Balinese local ideology \n\nleading to the syncretic and pluralistic ideologies. \n\n Second, the power practice in the mass cultural industry involving three relations such \n\nas the relation between the capital owners and the artisans, the relation between the \n\ndistributors and artisans, and the relation between the consumers and artisans shows \n\nhierarchical and asymmetric power relation.  The capital owners (the capitalists) occupy the \n\nhierarchical peak in the power relation between them and artisans through hegemonic, \n\ndominative, and exploitative practices of power relation.  \n\n Third, the implication of the mass cultural industry at Kemenuh Village on the life of \n\nthe artisans is ambivalent economically, socially and culturally. On the one hand, the mass \n\ncultural industry can improve the society\u2019s economy, causing the economy-based new middle \n\nclass to appear; on the other hand, it has marginalized the artisans, destabilized the traditional \n\nsocial structure, and caused the struggle for the discourse of mass statue art to appear.  \n\n Four suggestions are recommended in the present study to anticipate the artisans \n\nfrom being marginalized. First, it is necessary to transform knowledge to the artisans that they \n\nshould be innovative and creative, strengthen their social capital and market line. Second, it \n\nis necessary for the government to become their partner, train them, promote their products, \n\nand give them capitals. Third, it is necessary to establish the center of the Kemenuh\u2019s statue \n\nindustry as the creative cultural industry. Fourth, further research in, for example, the mass \n\ncultural industry from the perspective of consumerism, political culture, and critical \n\narcheology, needs to be conducted  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n This article could be completed due to the assistance, supervision, editing and critical \n\ndiscussion given by a number of parties. Therefore, in this opportunity the writer would like to \n\nappreciate and thank Prof. Dr. A.A. Bagus Wirawan, S.U., Prof. Dr. A.A.N. Anom Kumbara, \n\nM.S., Dr. I Nyoman Dhana, M.A., and Dr. I Gede Mudana, M.Si.", "start_char_idx": 15165, "end_char_idx": 17848, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c93213ec-f24e-430e-8265-2df72547c8c9": {"__data__": {"id_": "c93213ec-f24e-430e-8265-2df72547c8c9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33149", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "d3e849807090fc626006599e69a99e586127dc340dd52827860678708425a338", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "547fa90c-bf07-4b25-af06-7b31cdb5a3c8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "2216880182674e2ea7f898e15c86c5852a272e30cd02cc9201aa5a313b1723d7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dac29143-316a-4efe-91be-b4a586285f6f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "96909d098f6ae07272252e968b64960e528d0ec49af78c1d96d21f7d899367e4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAtmadja, I Nengah Bawa. 2010. Komodifikasi Tubuh Perempuan Joged \u201cNgebor\u201d Bali. \nDenpasar: Program Studi Magister & Doktor Kajian Budaya Universitas \nUdayana bekerja sama dengan Pustaka Larasan. \n\nBourdeu, Pierre. 2010. Arena Produksi Kultural: Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi Budaya. (Yudi \nSabtoso pentj.) Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nDaniel, C.M. 2006. The Power of Religion: Pemikiran Luar Biasa yang Menjadi Kekuatan \nInti dari Berbagai Agama. Yogyakarta: Pinguin Books. \n\nFakih, Mansour. 2008. Analisis Gender & Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: INSISTPress. \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1980. Power and Knowledge: Selected Interviews Other Writing 1972\u2014\n1977 (ed. Collin Gordon). New York: Pantheon Books. \n\nMulyanto, Dede. 2012. Genealogi Kapital: Antropologi dan Ekonomi Politik Pranata \nEksploitasi Kapitalistik. Yogyakarta: Resist Book. \n\nMurniati, N.P. 2004. Getar Gender Buku Pertama (Perempuan Indonesia dalam Perspektif \nSosial, Politik, Ekonomi, Hukum dan HAM). Magelang: Indonesiatera. \n\nPicard, Michel. 2006. Bali: Pariwisata Budaya dan Budaya Pariwisata. (Jean Couteau dan \nWarih Wisatsana Pentj.) Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia Forum \nJakarta-Paris Ecole Francaise d\u2019Extreme \u2013Orient.  \n\nRitzer, George. 2003. Teori Sosial Postmodern. Cetakan ke-2. Yogyakarta: Juxtapose \nbekerja sama dengan Tiara Wacana. \n\nSuyanto, Bagung. 2013. Sosiologi Ekonomi: Kapitalisme dan Konsumsi di Era Masyarakat \nPost-Modernisme. Jakarta: Kencana. \n\nStrinati, Dominic. 2009. Populer Culture: Pengantar Menuju Teori Budaya Populer. (Abdul \nMuchid Penerjemah). Jogyakarta: AR-RUZZ MEDIA.   \n\nThompson, John B. 2006. Kritik Ideologi Global: Teori Sosial Kritis tentang Relasi Ideologi \ndan Komunikasi Massa. (Haqqul Yaqin Penerjemah). Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD.", "start_char_idx": 17859, "end_char_idx": 19909, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dac29143-316a-4efe-91be-b4a586285f6f": {"__data__": {"id_": "dac29143-316a-4efe-91be-b4a586285f6f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33150", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "6612d13eb63a638b824902bd6b7399e87510346ec1dec45272e0c1f4db1685ef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c93213ec-f24e-430e-8265-2df72547c8c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33149", "author": "Mardika, I Made", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33149.pdf"}, "hash": "50051cada0efa30439f913a6826c535430ce01e41c430fc5a48438c8c1d30125", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e13afa26-4e59-420b-a9ec-a9289cd95f90", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a986f351fbe14cb1846a6542daad595878d54c9d6bf44e68fcf66a69e8291b5d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Gede Mudana 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 26-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES \n \n\nI Gede Mudana \nI Ketut Sutama \n\nCokorda Istri Sri Widhari \nTourism Department \nPoliteknik Negeri Bali \n\nemail: gedemudana@pnb.ac.id  \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nMount Agung with an altitude of 3,142 meters from sea level stood at the \ncoordinates of 8020'27 \"S 115030'12\" E, circled along 105 kilometers (65 miles), and \nclassified as a volcanic type monoconic strato. The highest mountain in Bali Province \nwas located in Selat District, Karangasem Regency. It got a last major eruption in \n1963 and since then began to be climbed by climbers/tourists. Because in 1970s and \n1980s some climbers/tourists very often got lost and accidents to death, since the \n1990s a number of the local community members took initiative to serve the \nclimbers/tourists who want to explore the mountain known as holy and sacred one. \nThis study was conducted in order to understand and describe the pioneering aspects \nof entrepreneurial figure of the related trekking guides. It was a qualitative study with \na qualitative data analysis.  \n\nThe results of this study showed that because Mount Agung was not an \nordinary mountain but full of myths and stories that were supernatural, so the \nentrepreneurial practices of the Selat Village community appeared not only to serve \nthe climbers/trekkers as usual but also to preserve the environment and ensure their \nsafety as there were so many taboos in the climbing/trekking. All these facts can be \nseen from the depiction of the stories and experiences of the local climbing/trekking \nguides who had been doing their work for years. As entrepreneurs, they looked for \nincome but, above all, environmental sustainability and the spirituality of the mountain \nwerw not neglected. \n \nKeywords: entrepreneural figure, trekking guide, climbers/trekkers, Gunung Agung. \n \n \nBACKGROUND  \n\nMount Agung is one of the most sacred mountains in the world. This is seen \n\nfor example in some studies, such as Stuart-Fox (2010) and Media Hindu, 159th \n\nEdition, May 2017. In Bali, the mountain is highly respected by the Hindu community \n\nwhich are the major population. In the middle of this mountain there is Pasar Agung \n\nTemple and at its feet stands Besakih Temple as the biggest temple in Bali. Even in", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2657, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e13afa26-4e59-420b-a9ec-a9289cd95f90": {"__data__": {"id_": "e13afa26-4e59-420b-a9ec-a9289cd95f90", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33150", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "6612d13eb63a638b824902bd6b7399e87510346ec1dec45272e0c1f4db1685ef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dac29143-316a-4efe-91be-b4a586285f6f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "408dab3f2721afec54c8c5f555e2eaa4d5fb93e364a11c9b29f873f5402456cf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "16d501fd-ecf2-47ed-bdb9-48a0e174fee4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4257bf9695bbf8142f765e96d901f046f0854672467617312552028d3c079412", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 26-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\nthe peak of the mountain there is a small temple called Puser Tasik (puser means \n\n\u201ccentre\u201d; tasik means \u201csalt\u201d as this place is believed to penetrate a sea) so that \n\nreligious ritual are very often run in this place.  \n\nMount Agung (or Gunung Agung in Indonesian and Balinese Langauge) is a \n\nbeautiful, exotic mountain. It is a volcanic mountain, classified an active one, and in \n\nits history has erupted several times. After its last major eruption in 1963, only a small \n\nnumber of international and domestic adventurers and/or tourists, climbed the \n\nmountain. In the beginning, climbers/tourists generally did not use any guides, so that \n\namong them were missing, lost, crashed, and even died. Since the 1990s, as the \n\nnumber of international and domestic trekkers/tourists grew, and in the same time the \n\nBalinese tourism industry began to reach its peak, there was awareness among \n\nmembers of the community in Selat Village, to take initiatives to provide guidance \n\nservices in climbing the mountain. \n\nThis paper aims to discuss the pioneering stories of some entrepreneurial \n\nfigures in guiding Mount Agung climbing/trekking activities run by the community of \n\nSelat Village. In general, this study is in some ways to encourage as well as to grow \n\ntourism practices in the community, so that it is expected to have an economic impact \n\non the subject of the study (i.e. the community). This study is in line with the study of \n\nZhao and Ritchie (2007), which became the basis for the development of tourism \n\nparadigm called pro poor tourism (tourism that supports the weak). \n\nThe practical goal of this paper is to participate in the development of tourism \n\nentrepreneurship in the area of mountain climbing/trekking in rural areas. So this study \n\nis expected to generate human resources of entrepreneurship in the local people who \n\nare smart, resilient, and successful in responding to the market interests (domestic \n\nand foreign climbers/tourists) to enjoy the beauty and exoticism of the mountain. Of \n\ncourse, the development of entrepreneurship is relevant to the ideals of nature \n\npreservation and efforts to maintain the holiness and sacredness of the mountain \n\nbecause the Mount Agung itself is considered sacred by the Balinese in general. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThe method used in the achievement of the purpose of this study is qualitative. \n\nIn this case through the qualitative method it is expected to be able to explain the \n\ncomplexity and depth of the existing problem of the entrepreneural figures, especially", "start_char_idx": 2662, "end_char_idx": 5511, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "16d501fd-ecf2-47ed-bdb9-48a0e174fee4": {"__data__": {"id_": "16d501fd-ecf2-47ed-bdb9-48a0e174fee4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33150", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "6612d13eb63a638b824902bd6b7399e87510346ec1dec45272e0c1f4db1685ef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e13afa26-4e59-420b-a9ec-a9289cd95f90", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "6c978c554179e38887999f500bba6cd233277d55247123cd6110d2f2b2b33781", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d14f07ec-b1da-41aa-acef-956418aab0a3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "113fa0570f5201a64e1c351b72698f99e4ce782617a4275f929adb7d6ea8df02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 26-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nthe experienced Mount Agung\u2019s climbing/trekking  guides. The data obtained were \n\nanalyzed by qualitative data analysis, through data reduction, data presentation, and \n\nconclusion, as recommended by Miles and Huberman (1992: 15-19). \n\nThe informants include climbing/trekking guides in Selat Village, especially \n\nsome of the main characters, who are pioneers in such an entrepreneurship. Of the \n\ndozens, four are selected because they are the most experienced guides in providing \n\nclimbing/trekking services of Gunung Agung, whose route or track is through the Selat \n\nVillage and Pasar Agung. In terms of this research, the informants\u2019 experience is \n\nimportant to note. Sudikan (2001) for example explains that the three basic aspects \n\nof human experience that need to be considered, is what they do, what they know, \n\nand what objects they make and use in their activities. \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nThere are several guide figures who deserve to be called initiators and \n\npioneers of the entrepreneurship of the climbing/trekking in Selat Village. They are I \n\nWayan Sukra (46 years), I Nengah Kari (45 years), Gung Bawa or Anak Agung \n\nNgurah Wibawa (43 years), and I Wayan Tegteg (63 years). Sukra and Kari who \n\nstarted his guiding since the early 1990s are natives of the local village. Gung Bawa \n\nwas born and grew in Selat Village but since a decade ago decided to stay in \n\nDenpasar because his wife works as a bank employee in this city. Tegteg is not a \n\nnative one (like Sukra, Kari, and Gung Bawa) but has been a permanent resident of \n\nthe village. \n\nI Wayan Sukra from Dusun/Banjar Selat Kelod was originally a trader in his \n\nvillage. When the climbing/trekking business of Mount Agung began to grow, beside \n\ntrading, he will certainly give priority to guide the climbing/trekking. So he actually gets \n\na double job (two different jobs) but with unequal priorities. To him, guiding to the \n\nmountain is much more profitable than his trading activities. He earns at least Rp. \n\n400,000 from his delivery. That is why, he is ready to leave his trading job for some \n\nhours if there are tourists/climbers ordering him through social media in his smart \n\nphone. He still does trading till now since climbing/trekking activities can only be done \n\nwhen the season is good to do that. The climbing/trekking to Mount Agung is usually \n\ndone between April and October otherwise it is so dangerous.", "start_char_idx": 5516, "end_char_idx": 8229, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d14f07ec-b1da-41aa-acef-956418aab0a3": {"__data__": {"id_": "d14f07ec-b1da-41aa-acef-956418aab0a3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33150", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "6612d13eb63a638b824902bd6b7399e87510346ec1dec45272e0c1f4db1685ef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "16d501fd-ecf2-47ed-bdb9-48a0e174fee4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "994eabb64193a3355c8ea99d3fb720a5b115130c2e132aede5e5812ea86da2fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "23fc5887-35d5-415c-8cbb-cf0309f56e3e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "46d848df7faea36f3e0ae24bbd4f3c99c7d2c90ef23b64c20b242f88007fe49d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 26-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nI Nengah Kari from Dusun/Banjar Selat Kaja is a formal leader in his \n\ndusun/banjar (hamlet). As a person who needs extra income for living, he also works \n\nas a climbing/trekking guide outside his time as the head of the dusun/banjar. His \n\nwork as a guide does not disturb his busy time in leading the dusun/banjar. Moreover, \n\nthe climbing/trekking always begins in the evening or night and in the morning (before \n\nnoon) arrive home. Like Sukra, he uses social media, like Facebook, and is able to \n\ncommunicate with foreign climbers/trekkers in English though not so fluent. \n\nAnother local guide is Gung Bawa who his full name is Anak Agung Ngurah \n\nWibawa. Graduated from Diploma 1 of tourism in Dalung, Badung, Gung Bawa who \n\nwas an experienced guide. During his career, he has done hundred times of \n\nclimbing/trekking and understand much about the level of difficulty in climbing Mount \n\nAgung. Hearing experiences and abilities and seeing generally the appearance of the \n\nclimbers/tourists, he can wisely advise them on which tops to reach and which route \n\nto take. \n\nLike Sukra and Kari, Gung Bawa is very aware of the supernatural uniqueness \n\nof Mount Agung. Of course the initial goal of the three (Sukra, Kari, and Gung Bawa) \n\nas climbing/trekking guides is looking for income but the important thing is that they \n\nfeel deeper and deeper feeling regarding the greatness of God in this mountain \n\neverytime they do guiding. So Sukra and Kari are, Gung Bawa is also very obedient \n\nto all written and unwritten provisions (what climbers/tourists can do and cannot do) \n\nin climbing. For example, climbers/tourists should not speak haphazardly and are not \n\nallowed to bring food sourced from beef because cows are holy/sacred animals in \n\nHinduism. In addition, if on the way of climbing/trekking they found a spring, which is \n\na holy water, they should pray first before taking it or, if they are not Hindu, they can \n\nask the guide to help to take the water.  \n\nLike Sukra and Kari, Gung Bawa caters to climbing/trekking tourists with his \n\n\u201ccultural capital\u201d (according to Bourdieu, 1990), that is a knowledge system about \n\nMount Agung he knows, feels, and experiences, which is filled with stories of \n\nomnipotence of the one God. Gung Bawa said that Mount Agung is not just a matter \n\nof joy of climbing, a kind of satisfaction of conquering the mountain peak, or the beauty \n\nof the sunrise from the top of the mountain but, above all, about the greatness of God \n\nthe Creator of Mount Agung and the signs of spirituality-religiosity the climbers/tourists \n\nget while climbing, which are very often unbelievable and out of logic.", "start_char_idx": 8235, "end_char_idx": 11185, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "23fc5887-35d5-415c-8cbb-cf0309f56e3e": {"__data__": {"id_": "23fc5887-35d5-415c-8cbb-cf0309f56e3e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33150", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "6612d13eb63a638b824902bd6b7399e87510346ec1dec45272e0c1f4db1685ef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d14f07ec-b1da-41aa-acef-956418aab0a3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "05b1a8dccd76afc0c114b9904956bdc43ddbbd99de27b18eda06b1047984d0ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "40c4e4d6-5041-4ba5-af22-5abbbcb25f1c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "75ec3e3a31aea75b7da3a8ba7a2a6b33f5edb9ada17dcb7a5ed84857709431f1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 26-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\nAs an experienced guide, Gung Bawa in many cases handles the same \n\nclimber/tourists for years. It seems that they like Mount Agung very much. He very \n\noften gets praises from all over the world for his guiding intelligence and style of \n\nservice he gives. The praises are not only given orally but also digitally, through \n\ninternet. To support his professionalism in the field of climbing/trekking, he has social \n\nmedia such as facebook and blogspot. \"Much more than just trekking (or \u201cjauh lebih \n\ndari sekadar mendaki\u201d in Indonesian language)\" is his slogan. \n\nSince 2000s another guide named I Wayan Tegteg appeared. He used to be \n\nan elementary school teacher arround the villages and finally decided to supplement \n\nhis income by becoming a climbing/trekking guide since he was retired from his job. \n\nAlthough Tegteg is not a native in the village, he can show his existence as a reliable \n\nand preferred guide. His age is is no longer young because he is now 63 years old \n\nbut his passion to escort climbers/tourists to Mount Agung is admirable.  \n\nTegteg was born in Dawan Village, Klungkung, in 1954 and graduated from \n\nSPG (Sekolah Pendidikan Guru or School of Teacher Education) in Klungkung. He \n\nhas been domiciled in Selat Village since 1977. Tegteg occupies a plot of land that is \n\nstrategically located in Selat Village, near the Selat Health Center (Puskesma), where \n\nhe establishes a fairly crowded food stall on the side of the road near Tukad (River) \n\nKalangidi. Beside a stall he manages a fish pond whose commodities he sells directly \n\nand some are cooked and sold in his stall which is waited by his wife. After he retired \n\nfrom being a teacher, he concentrated on escorting the climbers/tourists. His profile, \n\nactivities, and accomplishments are clearly displayed on the social media he uses, \n\nsuch as Facebook, Instagram, and blogs. What is interesting about Tegteg is his view \n\nin entrepreneurship associated with Mount Agung. For him, serving climbers/trekkers \n\nto this mountain is to make a living as well as to communicate with new people from \n\naround the world so that he can refresh his life. As retired teachers of elementary \n\nschool, his income per month is not good enough to live with his wife. Therefore he \n\ntried to pit his fortune on the climb/trek. \n\nTegteg used to be a teacher of natural science and mathematic subjects. He \n\nhonestly admits that he practices spirituality-religiosity in his own way. He does the \n\nspirituality in a simpler way: he only puts a canang (small offerings) and never forget \n\nto sing sincere prayings from the heart which substance is to ask for salvation and \n\nprotection for himself and for the climbers/tourists he escorts.", "start_char_idx": 11190, "end_char_idx": 14200, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "40c4e4d6-5041-4ba5-af22-5abbbcb25f1c": {"__data__": {"id_": "40c4e4d6-5041-4ba5-af22-5abbbcb25f1c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33150", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "6612d13eb63a638b824902bd6b7399e87510346ec1dec45272e0c1f4db1685ef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "23fc5887-35d5-415c-8cbb-cf0309f56e3e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "0b17c117974d080ab63b701529077e286d13cf72662f62a2bef6be7adc187d1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b9537212-9c01-43c8-8d4b-36484b87901a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ef3979473feaa92b1f577114ba073fa957ec0405083b49e3286eb27295ad3319", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 26-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nBehind its existence as an agricultural area from the most phenomenal \n\nvolcanic eruption in Bali, Selat Village was later known to produce a number of \n\nentrepreneurs in the form of Mount Agung climbing/trekking guides. This signifies the \n\nability of a certain number of members in the local community to respond to the great \n\ninterest of the Balinese tourism market. In the context of Bourdieu's theorization (1990; \n\nsee also Takwin, 2009), they do a \u201cpractice\u201d in which those people (the subjects) \n\nactively \u201ccreate their own culture\u201d. In fact, quite a lot of tourists want to try out climbing \n\nMount Agung with the guides from the village. Nevertheless, there are still many things \n\nthat must be done to develop this village as the most significant central point of Mount \n\nAgung trekking which also gives positive (economic) effects for the members of the \n\ncommunity involved. \n\nIn general, entrepreneurship climbing/trekking guides in Selat Village take \n\ninspiration from the developments that exist in some places that have been \"tourist \n\nvillage or village tourism/desa wisata\" in Bali such as Ubud in Gianyar Regency or \n\nJasri in Karangasem regency. The two villages have a pattern of community-based \n\ntourism (CBT) or pariwisata berbasis masyarakat that plays local wisdom (local \n\nknowledge) an important role in it. In practice, Ubud adopt the local wisdom which is \n\nlater embodied in the community-based tourism (SANJAYA, I Wayan Kiki; MUDANA, I \n\nGede. COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN UBUD, BALI. E-Journal of \n\nCultural Studies, [S.l.], may 2017. ISSN 2338-2449. Available at: \n\n<https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/32131>. Date accessed: 25 aug. 2017). \n\nLike in Ubud, village tourism is well run in Jasri so that this village get \u201cthe Indonesian \n\ntourism villages of the year 2013\u201d (as the first champion) as written by AMERTA, I Made \n\nSuniastha; MUDANA, I Gede. THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE \n\nTOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM. E-Journal of Cultural \n\nStudies, [S.l.], feb. 2017. ISSN 2338-2449. Available at: \n\n<https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/32124>. Date accessed: 25 aug. 2017. \n\nTourism is essentially an economic business that involves the tourism industry \n\n(private pillar) based on natural resources and/or local culture with the support of the \n\npolitical role of the government (state as political pillar) and of course the participation", "start_char_idx": 14206, "end_char_idx": 17000, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b9537212-9c01-43c8-8d4b-36484b87901a": {"__data__": {"id_": "b9537212-9c01-43c8-8d4b-36484b87901a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-33150", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "6612d13eb63a638b824902bd6b7399e87510346ec1dec45272e0c1f4db1685ef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "40c4e4d6-5041-4ba5-af22-5abbbcb25f1c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-33150", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES", "date": "2017-08-01", "file": "ecs-33150.pdf"}, "hash": "bd1ca1fcfdb27a42cf6177cd2cca257882701da26fcec742ecc95e0598ea4813", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cd79a916-447e-4ee9-b7a1-026d0fc12dc2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0498fed1ac28ff4bb562c01f10d5b88b143e2d0b540c273679b0b1cdc05767d3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 26-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\nof the local people (civil society pillar). Seeing all this, stakeholders, especially the \n\ngovernment and the tourism industry, should be more active than what they have \n\ndone. The entrepreneurial pioneering done by the climbing/trekking guides of Gunung \n\nAgung in Selat Village must be followed up, developed, transmitted to other \n\ncommunity members, and made more profitable for the guides concerned. Many \n\nthings are suggested to be done by the guides which must be helped by the \n\ngovernment and the tourism industry, they are: real economic capital, more \n\nprofessional management/organization, better marketing, and wider networking, \n\nincluding the creation of an integrated website. \n\n \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGMENT \n\n The writers thank the editorial board and reviewers of E-Journal of Cultural \n\nStudies, Doctorate Program of Cultural Studies, Udayana University, for publishing \n\nthis article.  \n\n \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAMERTA, I Made Suniastha; MUDANA, I Gede. THE MEANINGS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF \nALTERNATIVE TOURISM AT JASRI VILLAGE, SUBAGAN SUB-DISTRICT, KARANGASEM. \nE-Journal of Cultural Studies, [S.l.], feb. 2017. ISSN 2338-2449. Available at: \n<https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/32124>. Date accessed: 25 aug. \n2017. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press. \n\nMiles, Matthew B. dan Michael A. Huberman. 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif \n(translation). Jakarta: UII Press. \n\nMedia Hindu. 2017. \u201dGunung Suci dalam Agama-agama\u201d, Media Hindu, Edisi 159, \nMei 2017, pp. 1. \n\nSANJAYA, I Wayan Kiki; MUDANA, I Gede. COMPASSIONATE CAPITALISM IN HOTEL INDUSTRY \nIN UBUD, BALI. E-Journal of Cultural Studies, [S.l.], may 2017. ISSN 2338-2449. \nAvailable at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/32131>. Date \naccessed: 25 aug. 2017.  \n\nStuart-Fox, David J. 2010. Pura Besakih: Pura, Agama, dan Masyarakat Bali. Jakarta: \nPustaka Larasan. \n\nSudikan, Setya Yuwana. 2001. Metode Penelitian Kebudayaan. Surabaya: Unesa \nUnipress dan Citra Wacana. \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2017 Vol. 10, Number 3, Page 26-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\nTakwin, Bagus. 2009. Akar-akar Ideologi: Kajian Konsep Ideologi dari Plato hingga \nBourdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nZhao, Weibing and J.R. Brant Ritchie. 2007. \u201cTourism Poverty Alleviation: An \nIntegrative Research Framework\u201d, Current Issues in Tourism (Journal), Vol. \n10, Issue 2-3, pp. 119-143.", "start_char_idx": 17005, "end_char_idx": 19902, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cd79a916-447e-4ee9-b7a1-026d0fc12dc2": {"__data__": {"id_": "cd79a916-447e-4ee9-b7a1-026d0fc12dc2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. 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MSi. \nProgram Pascasarjana Program Doktor Kajian Budaya \n\nUniversitas Udayana, Bali \n \n\nAbstrak \nProgram keluarga berencana dicanangkan berwawasan gender, namun dalam \n\npelaksanannya terjadi ketimpangan. Jumlah akseptor perempuan lebih banyak \ndibandingkan akseptor laki-laki. Oleh sebab itu lebih banyak pula perempuan yang \nmenderita efek samping menarik untuk diteliti dengan merumuskan masalah sebagai \nberikut. Bagaimanakah bentuk, faktor pendorong dan dampak hegemoni negara serta \nresistensi perempuan dalam pelaksanaan program keluarga berencana? \n\nPenelitian ini bertujuan mewujudkan kesetaraan gender  dalam pelaksanaan \nprogram keluarga berencana dan meminimalkan efek samping bagi akseptor. Data digali \ndengan wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen. Analisis data  secara kualitatif. Data \nterdiri atas data kualitatif didukung data kuantitatif yang bersumber dari informan dan \nkepustakaan. Teori yang diaplikasikan yakni : teori hegemoni Gramsci, feminisme \nradikal Dworkin, teori feminisme Gandhi, dan teori perlawanan De Witt. \n\nHasil penelitian menggambarkan 1) Hegemoni negara diwujudkan dalam bentuk \npenyosialisasian dan anjuran penggunaan alat kontrasepsi yang lebih banyak untuk \nperempuan, melalui sistem banjar dan klinik. 2) Faktor-faktor pendorong terjadinya \nhegemoni adalah faktor ideologi, ekonomi, penyediaan alat kontrasepsi, lokasi sosialisasi, \ndan kebijakan pemerintah. 3) Dampak positif hegemoni terhadap negara dapat \nmenurunkan jumlah penduduk secara bertahap. Hegemoni negara juga berdampak positif \nterhadap pasangan usia subur dalam membentuk keluarga kecil.  Hegemoni negara selain \nberdampak positif terhadap perempuan  secara fisik, psikhis, aktivitas, dan ekonomi. 4)  \nResistensi perempuan  terhadap hegemoni negara berbentuk: tidak mau menggunakan \nalat kontrasepsi, berhenti menggunakan alat kontrasepsi, dan mengganti alat kontrasepsi \ndengan sistem kalender. Berdasarkan temuan di atas disarankan agar dilakukan penelitian \nlanjutan yang sejenis  dengan lingkup yang lebih luas yang berkaitan dengan penyebab \nterjadinya efek samping. \n\nKata kunci, hegemoni negara, perempuan, dan program keluarga berencana \n \n\nPendahuluan \n\nProgram keluarga berencana di Indonesia sudah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 1970 \n\ndengan dibentuknya Badan Koordinator Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN).  \n\nProgram keluarga berencana dirancang berwawasan gender, artinya alat kontrasepsi \n\ndisediakan untuk perempuan maupun laki-laki. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya pada tahun", "start_char_idx": 44, "end_char_idx": 2748, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1893b80c-72d2-4e93-8653-9417d2601fe8": {"__data__": {"id_": "1893b80c-72d2-4e93-8653-9417d2601fe8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cd79a916-447e-4ee9-b7a1-026d0fc12dc2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "4c521ec9a8ab1485a0f6da8b8d6289513fde5f1b5f329697e9dc7caafab121e1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fb1fe3f3-452e-4fbb-9fa2-6b1fb0a38aeb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "18828e7d6f8cbb1a4d96e2214d1e342a9d5002983b24a1f89fe04f5b290bb42c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "1994 partisipasi perempuan secara nasional jumlahnya lebih banyak daripada laki-laki \n\nyakni sebesar 52,1% dengan segala metode, sedangkan laki-laki sebesar 0,9 % dengan \n\nmetode kondom dan 0,7 % vasektomi. Pada tahun 2000, partisipasi perempuan di Bali \n\ndalam menggunakan alat kontrasepsi sebesar 82 % dengan segala metode dan partisipasi \n\nlaki-laki sebesar 18 % dengan metode kondom.Tingginya partisipasi perempuan dalam \n\nmenggunakan alat kontrasepsi berbanding lurus dengan penderitaan yang dialami yang \n\ndisebabkan oleh efek samping alat tersebut. Hal ini tercermin  dari data Kanwil Bali \n\ntahun 2000 tentang efek samping alat kontrasepsi yang dialami perempuan dan laki-laki. \n\nEfek samping yang dialami perempuan sebanyak 161 kasus pengguna IUD, 43 kasus \n\npengguna inplant, 1406 kasus pengguna suntikan, 333 kasus pengguna pil. Efek samping \n\nyang dialami laki-laki  15 kasus dari pengguna kondom.  \n\nBerdasarkan data di atas terdapat ketimpangan dan ketidakadilan gender dalam \n\npelaksanaan program KB yang dapat diasumsikan bahwa ada upaya program keluarga \n\nberencana untuk mengiring perempuan dalam menggunakan alat kontrasepsi. Untuk \n\nmengetahui hal tersebut perlu diadakan penelitian dengan merumuskan masalah dan \n\nmenetapkan topik. Sebelum menetapkan topik  sudah dikaji beberapa hasil penelitian \n\nyang berkaitan dengan program keluarga berencana. Adapun hasil penelitian yang dikaji \n\nantara lain: (1), Mariyah (1989) menemukan bahwa faktor penyebab diterimanya \n\nprogram keluarga berencana di Desa Belong Karangasem melalui sistem banjar bukan \n\nsatu-satunya, tetapi juga dibebabkan oleh tranprotasi, mata pencaharian, dan sikap \n\nmasyarakat terhadap program, (2) Astiti (1994) menemukan bahwa program keluarga \n\nberencana di terima di Desa Baturiti Tabanan disebabkan masyarakat di sana telah \n\nmengenal konsep keluarga kecil sebelumnya dan lebih mengutamakan kualitas anak yang \n\ndikenal dengan suputra, (3) M.E Khan & Bella Patel (1997) menemukan di Agra Distrik \n\nIndia bahwa suami dominan dalam pengambilan keputusan mengenai proses reproduksi, \n\njumlah anak, kapan hamil, pemakaian dan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi, serta pengguguran \n\nkehamilan yang tidak diinginkan, (4) Ida Ayu Sriudiyani (2003) menemukan di Jawa \n\nTimur, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan Bengkulu, bahwa pengambilan keputusan untuk ber \n\nKB didominasi oleh suami walaupun istri bekerja juga,(5) Eka Martiningsih dan I Wayan \n\nWana (2004) menemukan di Bali bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ikutnya laki-\n\nlaki dalam keluarga berencana terdiri atas delapan dan secara bersama-sama, (6) Endah", "start_char_idx": 2753, "end_char_idx": 5338, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fb1fe3f3-452e-4fbb-9fa2-6b1fb0a38aeb": {"__data__": {"id_": "fb1fe3f3-452e-4fbb-9fa2-6b1fb0a38aeb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1893b80c-72d2-4e93-8653-9417d2601fe8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "bfe59c6101fcb6a011dffcb49fb70cd6d93431595c6837c2675891d204f5cb0b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4d904686-f044-4102-8d71-a85c93e0efda", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c2f8a21804521bfd190595ff5b476e88cdc36db922f0201226f92e636e8da0f0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Winarni (2005) menemukan di Jakarta bahwa hampir semua laki-laki yang menikah \n\nmengetahui sedikitnya satu jenis alat kontrasepsi yang didapat dari Puskesmas, bidan, \n\napotik, TV, dan koran. Dari sumber-sumber di atas ternyata belum ada yang mengkaji \n\nmasalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini. \n\nDalam  menganalisis data dipergunakan tiga teori sebagai pijakan teoritis untuk \n\nmempertajam analisis. Pertama teori Hegemoni Gramsci (2001) dipergunakan untuk \n\nmenganalisis bentuk, foktor-faktor pendorong terjadinya hegemoni negara, dan \n\ndampaknya karena teori tersebut mengatakan bahwa hegemoni adalah sebuah rantai \n\nkemenangan yang diperoleh melalui mekanisme konsensus dengan menggunakan instansi \n\nyang ada dalam masyarakat yang didorong oleh faktor ideologi dan politik serta  \n\nberdampak terhadap kehidupan sosial dan individu mereka yang terhegemoni. Kedua \n\nteori feminisme radikal Dworkin (2003) dipergunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan \n\nperempuan dan laki-laki karena teori tersebut mengatakan bahwa kepemimpinan yang \n\nhegemonik menempatkan perempuan subordinat laki-laki. Ketiga adalah teori \n\nperlawanan De Witt ( 1979) dipergunakan dalam menganalisis resistensi perempuan. \n\nTeori tersebut mengatakan bahwa dalam suatu komunitas, konsensus tidak pernah \n\ntercapai seratus persen dan mereka yang tidak setuju pada suatu saat akan mengadakan \n\nperlawanan yang dilakukan secara nyata dan diam-diam. \n\nPenelitian ini bersifat studi kasus dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. \n\nPenggalian data dilakukan dengan wawancara secara mendalam dengan bantuan \n\npedoman wawancara  dan studi dokumen. Pengambilan informan dilakukan secara acak, \n\nkarena informan bersifat homogen yakni akseptor keluarga berencana yang menderita \n\nefek samping. Informan diambil dari elit pemerintah dan tradisional yang dianggap dapat \n\nmemberikan data yang diperlukan. Jenis data  terdiri atas data kualitatif yang didukung \n\noleh data kuantitatif. Data bersumber dari informan dan kepustakaan. Analisis data \n\ndilakukan secara kualitatif dan interpretatif. Hasil analisis data kualitatif disajikan dalam \n\nbentuk narasi dan hasil analisis data kuantitatif disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. \n\n \n\nPembahasan \n\nBerdasarkan analisis data, ditemukan bahwa bentuk hegemoni negara dalam \n\npelaksanaan program keluarga berencana di Kecamatan Tejakula, Kabupaten Buleleng,", "start_char_idx": 5343, "end_char_idx": 7694, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4d904686-f044-4102-8d71-a85c93e0efda": {"__data__": {"id_": "4d904686-f044-4102-8d71-a85c93e0efda", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fb1fe3f3-452e-4fbb-9fa2-6b1fb0a38aeb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "9350d563a8cef2fe02fc00e585e0e39df881382103b478eb02fa8babae01d0bc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "03d0f3fd-8122-4245-b7f9-3b0b0e2a864e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3cbdcfa8d1d78c580b2ad885f1544650d299cef4f61c49bfeba8e1ab845d2bbb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Bali dapat digolongkan menjadi dua bentuk. Pertama berbentuk sosialisasi melalui sistem \n\nbanjar yang dilakukan oleh elit pemerintah seperti pelaksana lapangan program keluarga \n\nberencana (PLKB), dokter, dan bidan dalam mensosialisasikan program pada saat ada \n\nrapat banjar untuk mencapai konsensus yang dihadiri oleh anggota dan pengurus. Kedua \n\nsosialisasi program keluarga berencana melalui sistem klinik dilakukan oleh bidan dan \n\ndokter pada saat calon akseptor memeriksakan kehamilan dan saat melahirkan di \n\npuskesmas, bidan, dan posyandu saat penimbangan balita. Hegemoni negara berfungsi \n\nuntuk mensukseskan program, melanggengkan kekuasaan, mempererat hubungan sosial \n\ndan menumbuhkan disiplin para petugas dan akseptor. Hegemoni negara selain berfungsi \n\njuga bermakna politik yang tercermin dari program bantuan alat kontrasepsi dan beras \n\nkepada akseptor yang miskin dengan tujuan program tetap jalan. Bermakna ekonomi, \n\nanjuran membentuk keluarga kecil dalam upaya mengurangi jumlah penduduk secara \n\nbertahap yang sekaligus dapat mengurangi anggaran belanja negara, bermakna \n\npengejaran prestasi, adanya perlombaan untuk menjadi juara  memberikan perstise pada \n\nmasyarakat bersangkutan, pengejaran prestasi menjadi dambaan setiap karyawan untuk  \n\nmenunjang karier. Makna lainnya yakni bermakna penyeragaman nilai budaya,  program \n\nslogan dua anak cukup, laki-laki atau perempuan sama saja dan berlaku di seluruh \n\nIndonesia yang masih mengikuti beberapa sistem kekeluargaan yang memberikan nilai \n\ndan jumlah anak yang ideal dalam keluarga secara bervariasi. \n\nHegemoni negara terjadi didorong oleh beberapa faktor yaitu : faktor ideologi \n\nyakni keluarga kecil dianggap ideal dan  dapat meningkatkan pendidikan anak, faktor \n\nekonomi sebagai penyebab perempuan menggunakan alat kontrasepsi karena tidak \n\nmampu membiayai  banyak anak,  faktor penyediaan alat kontrasepsi yang lebih banyak \n\njenisnya untuk perempuan dibandingkan untuk laki-laki, secara tidak langsung \n\nperempuanlah yang menggunakannya, faktor lokasi sosialisasi program dilakukan di \n\nbanjar tanpa mengikutkan perempuan sehingga mereka tidak menerima informasi secara \n\nutuh dan di puskesmas, bidan desa serta posyandu yang umumnya dihadiri oleh \n\nperempuan sehingga tergiring untuk menggunakannya, dan kebijakan pemerintah \n\nsehingga perempuan menggunakannya karena ingin mendukung program pemerintah. \n\nHegemoni negara berdampak positif yakni mengurangi jumlah penduduk secara bertahap \n\ndan membantu masyarakat membentuk keluarga kecil, meringankan ekonomi dan waktu", "start_char_idx": 7699, "end_char_idx": 10263, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "03d0f3fd-8122-4245-b7f9-3b0b0e2a864e": {"__data__": {"id_": "03d0f3fd-8122-4245-b7f9-3b0b0e2a864e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4d904686-f044-4102-8d71-a85c93e0efda", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "6aaa6c61442cdccdef753bffe07158a8783256a5df7122996685b3b53562f633", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c6a21ab4-11e8-4e10-98b2-277b248457bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2a064efa77b177301fa807da08b1b40d793217e07567d3fceb9930a0aae18f8e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "mengasuh anak. Dampak yang bersifat negatif secara fisik seperti infeksi pada alat \n\nreproduksi, sakit perut bagian bawah, kegemukan, perdarahan, menstruasi tidak normal, \n\nkeputihan, sukar dibuka, rabun mata, dan keputihan. Dampak psikis seperti kegemukan, \n\nsehingga merasa tidak nyaman berpakaian dan beraktifitas. Dampak secara ekonomi \n\nkarena tidak dapat beraktifitas secara normal dan mengeluarkan biaya untuk efek \n\nsamping  berdampak terhadap ekonomi keluarga.  \n\nDampak hegemoni negara mendapatkan resistensi dari perempuan yang \n\nberbentuk; (1) perempuan tidak mau menggunakan alat kontrasepsi, berhenti \n\nmenggunakan alat kontrasepsi dan menggantinya dengan sistem kalender. Resistensi \n\ndidorong oleh: faktor tradisi, adanya tradisi hanya anak laki-laki yang dapat melanjutkan \n\nketurunan sehingga perempuan hamil beberapa kali dan  jumlah anaknya melebihi \n\nanjuran progran; kepercayaan, masyarakat percaya bahwa roh leluhur hanya bisa \n\nreinkarnasi pada anak laki-laki, sehingga perempuan berusaha hamil sampai mempunyai \n\nanak laki-laki;  ekonomi, perempuan tidak menggunakan alat kontrasepsi karena tidak  \n\nmembelinya, takut terhadap efek samping, dan  tidak adanya izin suami. Resistensi \n\ntersebut direspon oleh pemerintah dengan memberikan bantuan alat kontrasepsi dan \n\nberas, meningkatkan penyuluhan alat kontrasepsi untuk laki-laki, mengaktifkan sistem \n\nbanjar, dan memberikan kebebasan kepada pasangan usia subur untuk mempunyai anak \n\nlebih dari anjuran program dengan syarat dapat memberikan kesejahteraan. \n\nSimpulan \n\nSecara umum hegemoni negara telah mengantarkan program keluarga berencana \n\nmencapai kesuksesan dalam upaya mengurangi jumlah penduduk secara bertahap dan \n\ntelah berhasil mengubah pandangan, sikap dan tindakan masyarakat, dari  banyak anak \n\nbanyak rezeki, menjadi kelaurga kecil yang berorientasi kepada sumberdaya yang \n\nberkualitas. Orientasi tersebut menyebabkan program berlangsung secara \n\nberkesinambungan. Secara khusus program masih perlu mengadakan perbaikan terutama \n\ndalam upaya meminimalkan efek samping  demi terwujudnya kesejahteraan dan \n\nkesehatan keluarga dan masyarakat, serta kesetaraan gender.", "start_char_idx": 10268, "end_char_idx": 12432, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c6a21ab4-11e8-4e10-98b2-277b248457bb": {"__data__": {"id_": "c6a21ab4-11e8-4e10-98b2-277b248457bb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "03d0f3fd-8122-4245-b7f9-3b0b0e2a864e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "be2d6ea04c0d64ab6928a8d3fe48f70da7c61a2e1b5195bc6327b3081a3047dd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c8cfa29d-9b80-4b5d-9d7b-df7a6b275c35", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "aef13e0052fa303c255fd18a54ab92bc4055f6ffded78caabbc3f6857029242c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Daftar Pustaka \n\nMariyah, Emiliana. 1989. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penerimaan Kontrasepsi  \n\npada Masyarakat Bali. Tesis Program Pascasarjana S2 Gadjah Mada.  \n\nAstiti, Tjok Istri Putra. 1994. Pengaruh Hukum Adat dan Program Keluarga Berencana \n\nTerhadap Nilai Anak Laki-Laki dan Perempuan pada Masyarakat yang Sedang \n\nBerubah. Studi kasus di Desa Baturiti Tabanan Bali. Disertasi Program \n\nPascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. \n\nKhan, M.e & Patel Bella C. 1997.Male Involvemen in Family Planning: India The \n\nPopulation.Council,hsph.Harvard.edu/Organizations/healthnet/reproductive/warde\n\nr.html.,diakses tanggal 5-9-2006 \n\nSriudayani, Ida Ayu. 2003. Peran Perempuan Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan di Dalam \n\nKeluarga Untuk Bidang KB-KR. Jakarata: Lembaga Puslitbang KS-PKP \n\nBKKBN. www.pikas.bkkbn.go.id/ditfor/research detail.php, diakses 15-9-2006. \n\nMartiningsih, Eka dan I Wayan Wana. 2004. Inentifikasi Faktor-Faktor yang \n\nMempengaruhi Partisipasi Pria dalam Program Keluarga Berencana di Bali: \n\nDenpasar. Universitas Mahasaraswati. \n\nWinarni Endah. 2005. Partisipasi Pria Dalam ber-KB (Sumber data :SDKI 2002-2003); \n\nJakarta, Lembaga Puslitbang KB-KR BKKBN, www.pikas.bkkbn.go.id/ditfor/ \n\nresearchdetail.php, diakses tanggal 15-9-2006. \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 2001. Catatan-Catatan Politik: Surabaya. Pustaka Promethea. \n\nDworkin. 2003. (dalam Agger) Teori Sosial Kritis, Penerapan Dan Implikasinya. \n\nYogyakarta. Kreasi Wacana. \n\n De Witt,H dan  Parker. 1979. Dasar-Dasar Estetik. Surakarta. ASKI (terjemahan) \n\n \n\nUcapan Terima Kasih \n\nTerima kasih saya ucapkan kepada promotor dan kopromotor atas segala bantuan \n\nyang telah diberikan demi terwujudnya artikel ini, kepada editor yang telah meluangkan \n\nwaktu, dan kepada Dikti yang telah memberikan beasiswa dalam penyelesaian studi di \n\nPasca Sarjana S3 di Universitas Udayana.", "start_char_idx": 12444, "end_char_idx": 14290, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c8cfa29d-9b80-4b5d-9d7b-df7a6b275c35": {"__data__": {"id_": "c8cfa29d-9b80-4b5d-9d7b-df7a6b275c35", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c6a21ab4-11e8-4e10-98b2-277b248457bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "58b92d6fd61352324a32847e3f765fb2769e1e19a986e78344f50dc4a3f7d1f1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e5843cba-b2f4-4026-969e-cac47dee1728", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9ea12c242aa2f291322c4e519bd978d2b9cca672cb99ff5d7821a7b6c46c603d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "State Hegemony and Women Resistance in the Implementation of Family Planning \n\nat Tejakula District, Buleleng Regency, Bali \n\nBy: \n\nNi Nyoman Sukeni, S.H., M.Si. \n\nPhD Program of Cultural Study, \n\nUdayana University, Bali \n\n \n\nAbstract \n\n      The implementation of  Family Planning Program is based on women\u2019s emancipation \n\nhowever in reality there is imbalance. The number of women acceptors is greater than \n\nmen acceptors and that is the reason why more women suffered from its side effects. It is \n\ninteresting to be in connection with the following problems: form, supporting factors, \n\nimpacts of state hegemony, and women resistance. \n\n     The objective of this study is to establish gender equality  (in what?) and to minimize \n\nside effects (for whom?). Data were collected from intensive interviews and document \n\nstudies. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. They were taken from \n\ninformants and libraries. The theories applied were: hegemony theory from Gramsci,  \n\nradical feminism theory from Dworkin, and resistance theory from De witt. \n\n     The result of the study shows 1) State hegemony is established through socialization \n\nand the suggestions of applying contraceptive devices by women which is done through \n\nthe systems of banjar and clinic. The functions of hegemony are to promote the program, \n\nto maintain the authority, to strengthened the social relationship, and to arouse the \n\ndiscipline. Hebemony has significance in politics, economy, prestige and achievement, \n\nand uniformity of cultural value. 2) The supporting factors of hegemony are ideology, \n\neconomy, supplies of  contraceptive devices, location of socialization, and government \n\npolicy. 3) Positive impacts of hegemony are to decrease of the number of population and \n\nthey directly affect the women physically, psychologically, economically, and in their \n\nactivities. 4) Women resistances are not easily available  but they may stop applying \n\ncontraceptive devices and change it into calendar system. It was supported by factors of \n\ntradition, belief, side effect, economy, and lack of permission from husbands. \n\nGovernment responses were to supply the devices, activate  and give information of men", "start_char_idx": 14299, "end_char_idx": 16520, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e5843cba-b2f4-4026-969e-cac47dee1728": {"__data__": {"id_": "e5843cba-b2f4-4026-969e-cac47dee1728", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c8cfa29d-9b80-4b5d-9d7b-df7a6b275c35", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "43efd65d609284de2c8ed1c7609bceb4cffaba789d0f427c5f5bebd8bf19671e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e31b2233-5667-4805-b39b-357b26d70085", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7f67dbb4f9ea41e6f98fe5c580cc3e99e18948d0d51c574ca79a4087f1758b6a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "contraceptive devices, activate the system of banjar as well. Based on the findings it is \n\nsuggested that similar research with a wider scope should be made  specifically about the \n\ncauses of side  effects.               \n\nKey words: State hegemony, Woman, and Family Planning Program \n\nIntroduction \n\n     The Family Planning Program in Indonesia has been implemented since the year of \n\n1975 through the establishment of National Planning Program Coordinator Institution \n\n(NPPCI) or Badan Koordinator Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN). This program \n\nhas been planned with gender emancipation perspective. Contraceptive devices should be \n\navailable both to women and men. From the implementation in 1994 it is known that \n\nnationally the number of women participation is greater than that of  men, frequencies are  \n\n52,1% with all methods, 0,9% by applying condom, and 0,7% through vasectomy. In the \n\nyear of 2000 women\u2019s participation in Bali in applying contraceptive devices with all \n\nmethods is as much as 82% and men\u2019s participation is as much as 18% by applying \n\ncondom. High participation of women in applying contraceptive devices is parallel with \n\nthe suffering caused by its side effects. It was shown through the data in 2000 from the \n\nFamily Planning Program Institution of Bali side effects of contraceptive devices affected \n\nwomen and men. Side effects of IUD affecting women concerned as many as 161 cases, \n\nimplant 43 cases, injection 1406 cases, pill 333 cases. Side effect affecting men in the \n\napplication of  condom were concerned with as many as 15 cases.  \n\n     Based on the above data there was imbalance and unfairness in the implementation of \n\nthe program which could be assumed that there was effort to encourage women to use the \n\ndevice. There is a need to do a research, formulate the problems, and decide the topics as \n\nwell in order to know the effort mentioned above. Before the topic is decided some \n\nresearches which have connection with this program have been studied. The researches \n\nare as follows: (1) Mariyah (1989) found that in Belong village, Karangasem Regency,  \n\nthere were some other reasons like transportation, jobs, attitudes and attention, which \n\nmade the community accept the program besides banjar system, (2) Astiti (1994) found \n\nthat at Baturiti village, Tabanan Regency the community accepted this program since \n\nthey have acceptance of concept of small family and they give priority to the quality of \n\nthe children known as suputra, (3)  M.E. Khan & Bella Patel (1997) found that at Agra", "start_char_idx": 16525, "end_char_idx": 19094, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e31b2233-5667-4805-b39b-357b26d70085": {"__data__": {"id_": "e31b2233-5667-4805-b39b-357b26d70085", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e5843cba-b2f4-4026-969e-cac47dee1728", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "4a23eaf93dfe0d31e094f3b4d03d2bdf0535c5bbe4e890c073d392a70713844e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3110f37b-6834-4384-a6df-cbd8cac4590e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0a0dac73af4c307bb31dbe043c5e8988ffc49b35559e7b3d5eec321320e38ef3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "District, India  husbands have dominant right to make decisions on reproduction process, \n\nnumber of children, time of pregnant, the use and choice of contraceptive devices, \n\nabortion of unexpected pregnancy, (4) Ida Ayu Sriudiyani (2003) found that in East Java, \n\nNusa Tenggara Barat, and Bengkulu husbands dominantly take the decision to follow the \n\nprogram although the wives have jobs with their own income, (5) Eka Martiningsih and I \n\nWayan Wana (2004) found that in Bali there are eight  factors and togetherness  which \n\ninfluence the men getting involved in this program, (6) Endah Winarni (2005) found that \n\nin Jakarta almost all married men know at least one type of the devices which they get \n\nfrom Public Health Centre, midwives, chemist\u2019s shops, televisions, and newspapers. \n\nFrom the sources above it is known there has not been  research which studies the \n\nproblems being discussed.  \n\n     There are three theories applied to deepen  the analysis and to analyze data. First, \n\nHegemony theory from Gramsci (2001) to analyze form, find supporting factors for the \n\nexistence of state hegemony and its impacts since the theory states that hegemony is a \n\nchain of victory. It is achieved through the consensus of mechanism under some \n\ninstitutions available in community supported by factors of ideology and politics. It has \n\nits impacts on individual and social life of those who hold hegemony. Second, Radical \n\nFeminism theory from Dworkin (2003) which analyzes the relationship between women \n\nand men since the theory states that hegemony leadership where women are subordinate \n\nto men. Third, Opposition theory from De Witt (1979) to analyze women resistance. The \n\ntheory states that in a community the consensus has never been achieved one hundred \n\npercent and one day those who do not agree will fight either directly or silently. \n\n     It is a case study which applies qualitative approach. The data were collected from \n\nintensive interviews with the help of interview guidance and document study. The \n\ninformants were chosen purposively because of their homogeneous  characteristic which \n\nmeans family planning program acceptors affecting from side effects. The informants are \n\ntaken from elite and traditional  governments who were supposed to be able to supply the \n\nneeded data. The data consisted  were qualitative supported by quantitative ones. Data \n\nsources were informants and librariy. The data were analyzed  qualitatively and \n\nquantitatively. The qualitative analysis of data is performed in the form of narration and \n\nthe analysis of quantitative data is in the form of tables.", "start_char_idx": 19099, "end_char_idx": 21733, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3110f37b-6834-4384-a6df-cbd8cac4590e": {"__data__": {"id_": "3110f37b-6834-4384-a6df-cbd8cac4590e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e31b2233-5667-4805-b39b-357b26d70085", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "236cdf06934f5f345fcc510a97867c3ac8436fcbfd22e5240458f780bbf10e74", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e73cf229-cc6b-47d9-807b-ce5ba9549bba", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7633da5cb69f41aa1d02aadf05fe0e432543c7d8aa518e122c004e88970ff492", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Discussion \n\n     Based on the analyzed data it was found that the form of state hegemony in the \n\nimplementation of family planning program at Tejakula District, Buleleng Regency, Bali \n\ncan be classified into two forms. First, the socialization through banjar system which is \n\nimplemented by government officials  such as family planning program field organizers, \n\ndoctors, and midwives in socializing the program when there was a meeting in order to \n\nachieve the consensus attended by the members and management. Second, the \n\nsocialization through clinic system carried out by midwives and doctors when the \n\ncandidates of acceptors come to public health centre or midwives to check their \n\npregnancy or has a delivery, and to check the weight of under five year kids at integrated \n\nservice unit. State hegemony has such functions as follows: to make the program \n\nsuccessful, to maintain authority, to strengthen social relationship and to arouse the \n\ndiscipline of employees and acceptors. State hegemony politically has both the function \n\nand the meaning which is reflected through the contraceptive devices and rice aid \n\nprogram to the impoverished acceptors. Economically its suggestion is to establish small \n\nfamily to minimize the number of population. Step by step this condition can reduce state \n\nexpenditure budget, achieve the prestige,  to be winners at competition which directly \n\ngive prestige to the community. Prestige achievement is the goal of each employee to \n\ndevelop their career. Other meanings are concerned with cultural value uniformity, the \n\nslogan two children is ideal, sons or daughters are the same and it is recommended in all \n\nparts of Indonesia which still follows some family systems that provide value and ideal \n\nnumber of children in a family.  \n\n     There are some factors that made the state hegemony prevail, frequently: factor of \n\nideology where small family is believed to be ideal and can improve children education; \n\neconomic factor as the reason for the women to apply contraceptive device since they are \n\nnot able to afford big number of children, the supplies of contraceptive devices for \n\nwomen are much more compared with those for  men; factor of location to socialize the \n\nprogram is banjar  (village hall) without women present and  the effect of this condition \n\nis women do not get complete information; factors of policy, because they wanted to \n\nsupport government program so they applied the devices. State hegemony had positive \n\n\n\nimpacts that were to reduce the number of population step by step and help the \n\ncommunity to establish small family, to lessen economic burden and the time rearing the \n\nchildren. Physically the negative impacts were infection in reproduction organ, stomach \n\nache below the tummy, overweight, bleeding, irregular period, feeling  unwell because of \n\nsome liquid coming out of the vagina, difficult to be opened, and poor eyesight. \n\nPsychological impacts were overweight which made  them feel uncomfortable to get \n\ndress and do the activities. Economically impacts were expenditure for side effects and \n\nthey could not carry out the activities normally. \n\n     Forms of women resistance against state hegemony were as follows; women do not \n\nand stop applying contraceptive devices and switched to calendar system. The supporting \n\nfactors of resistance were: factor of tradition where man was the only one who can \n\ncontinue the genealogical line of the family. It forces women to give birth several times \n\nin order to have son so the number of children is greater than it is supposed to be; factor \n\nof belief where community believe that their ancestors can only reincarnate into baby \n\nson. This condition makes the women pregnant several times; factor of economy that they \n\ncan not afford the devices, worried of side effects and there is no permission from \n\nhusbands. The government  responses are as follows: there are contraceptive devices and \n\nrice aids, activate giving information especially to men, activate banjar system, and give \n\nfreedom to fertile couple to have more children as long as they are responsible of their \n\nwelfare. \n\n \n\nConclusion \n\n     State hegemony generally has led the family planning program to achieve success in \n\norder to reduce size of population step by step and to change the community\u2019s opinion, \n\nattitude, and action of more children  with more fortunes to become a small qualified \n\nfamily. This orientation makes the sustainability of the program continues. Specifically \n\nthe program still needs to be improved to minimize the side effects and to achieve the \n\nwelfare and health of family and community, and gender equality as well.", "start_char_idx": 21741, "end_char_idx": 26445, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e73cf229-cc6b-47d9-807b-ce5ba9549bba": {"__data__": {"id_": "e73cf229-cc6b-47d9-807b-ce5ba9549bba", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3553", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "724a0409bef0b7bb32ce071730b12ab1b0c434e4f215296eab01f01be6bf2be7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3110f37b-6834-4384-a6df-cbd8cac4590e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "5a15aee1b91a431b53151d07b0859d5d11f4c765cc4c6cfa728755b4b9c45d7e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ec3052f1-36b1-4559-b556-3559b5b54db5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4196fcc063d1a0c6cd376d7963fc3485ba3769e8ad8acec6be178db643f867a9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "References  \n\n \n\nAstiti,Tjok Istri Putra. 1994. Pengaruh Hukum Adat dan Program Keluarga Berencana \n\nTerhadap Nilai Anak Laki-Laki dan Perempuan pada Masyarakat yang \n\nSedang Berubah. Studi kasus di Desa Baturiti Tabanan Bali. Disertasi \n\nProgram Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. \n\nDe witt,H dan Parker. 1979. Dasar-Dasar Estetik. Surakarta.ASKI (terjemahan) \n\nDworkin. 2003.(dalam Agger) Teori social Kritis, Penerapan dan Implikasinya. \n\nYogyakarta.Kreasi Wacana \n\nGandhi, L. 2001. Teori Poskomonial Upaya Meruntuhkan Hegemoni Barat. \n\nYogyakarta.Qolam \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 2001. Catatan-Catatan Politik: Surabaya.Pustaka Promethea \n\nKhan,M.e & Patel Bella C. 1997. Male Involvemen in Family Planning: India The \n\nPopulation.Council,hsph.Harvard.edu/Organizations/healthnet/reproductiv\n\ne/warder.html.,diakses tanggal 5-9-2006 \n\nMariyah, Emiliana.1989. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penerimaan Kontrasepsi \n\npada Masyarakat Bali. Tesis Program Pascasarjana S2 Gadjah Mada. \n\nMartiningsih,Eka dan I Wayan Wana. 2004. Inentifikasi Fakto-Faktor yang \n\nmempengaruhi Partisipasi Pria dalam Program Keluarga Berencana di \n\nBali: Denpasar.Universitas Mahasaraswati. \n\nSriudayani,Ida Ayu. 2003. Peran Perempuan Dalam pengambilan Keputusan di Dalam \n\nKeluarga Untuk Bidang KB-KR.Jakarta: Lembaga Puslitbang Ks-PKP \n\nBKKBN, www.pikas.bkkbn.go.id/ditfor/research detail.php, diakses 15-9-\n\n2006 \n\nWinarni Endah.2005. Partisipasi Pria Dalam ber-KB ( Sumber data : SDKI 2002-2003); \n\nJakarta, Lembaga Puslitbang KB-KR BKKBN, \n\nwww.pikas.bkkbn.go.id/ditfor/researchdetail.php, diakses tanggal 15-9-\n\n2006. \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\nAcknowledgement \n\n \n\n     On this occasion I wish to thank the advisor and co- advisor for their invaluable \n\nguidance for the completion this disertation. I am also indebted to the editor for editing \n\nthe language, and to DIKTI for the scholarship to complete the study at PhD Program, \n\nUdayana University.", "start_char_idx": 26459, "end_char_idx": 28379, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ec3052f1-36b1-4559-b556-3559b5b54db5": {"__data__": {"id_": "ec3052f1-36b1-4559-b556-3559b5b54db5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3554", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f80353c45a73cd2682c75edcbdcd4d6bf73bbe31ae24f07fcb126818cc2846fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e73cf229-cc6b-47d9-807b-ce5ba9549bba", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3553", "author": "SUKENI, SH. MSi., NI NYOMAN", "title": " HEGEMONI NEGARA DAN RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3553.pdf"}, "hash": "73a7e5700508a8bf3d9bdb1fc11e4e8c8ef283e8d87974e0b6616d7fe7975227", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ed490b91-2222-4d71-9e03-44c5de8dbe70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5327c5f9909ae7ad293677765fc68c25c98ef3e7aba64aa3111600ac4e26df1d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E_Journal_Wiratini.doc\n\n\n 1\n\n \n \n \n\nPERANAN WANITA  \nDALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI \n\nDI KOTA DENPASAR \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nOleh: \nNi Made Wiratini \n\ne-mail: made_wiratini@yahoo.co.id \n\n \nPromotor/Ko-promotor: \n\nProf. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A. \nProf. Dr. R.M. Soedarsono \n\nProf. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, M.S. \n \n \n \n \n \n                                                                 \n \n \n\n PROGRAM KAJIAN BUDAYA \nPROGRAM PASCASARJANA \n\nUDAYANA UNIVERSITY  \nDENPASAR \n\n2007 \n \n\n\n\n 2\n\n \n \n \n\nPERANAN WANITA  \nDALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI \n\nDI KOTA DENPASAR \n \n \n\nNi Made  Wiratini1 \n \nAbstrak: Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk membahas semakin dominannya peranan wanita \ndalam seni pertunjukan Bali, khususnya yang ada di Kota Denpasar, selama dua puluh \nlima tahun belakangan ini. Ada lima belas genre seni pertunjukan Bali, terutama dalam \nkelompok seni pertunjukan hiburan atau balih-balihan, yang kini telah dimainkan oleh \nwanita. Melalui proses  glokalisasi, pengadaptasian budaya asing (global) ke budaya \nlokal (Bali), peranan dan partisipasi kaum wanita Kota Denpasar dalam seni pertunjukan \nBali meliputi pelaku, pencipta, dan pengatur/penyaji. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa \nperubahan-perubahan yang terjadi bukanlah suatu bentuk gerakan feminist untuk \nmengambil alih dan mengganti posisi pria dalam seni pertunjukan Bali, melainkan suatu \nrealisasi dari upaya sadar kaum wanita Bali untuk ikut menjaga, melestarikan, dan \nmengembangkan nilai-nilai seni dan budaya tradisional Bali. Singkatnya, meningkatnya \nketertarikan wanita Kota Denpasar untuk terjun dalam seni pertunjukan Bali bukan \ndiakibatkan oleh terjadinya kesenjangan gender tetapi oleh hasrat kaum wanita untuk ikut \nberpartisipasi dalam menjaga kelangsungan dari seni pertunjukan Bali. \n \nKata-kata kunci: peranan wanita, seni pertunjukan, glokalisasi, gender. \n \n \nPendahuluan \n\n Di dalam kurun waktu 25 tahun, dari 1980 sampai dengan 2005, telah terjadi \n\nsuatu perubahan penting dalam aktivitas seni pertunjukan di Kota Denpasar. Perubahan \n\nini ditandai oleh meningkatnya dominasi peranan wanita dalam aktivitas seni pertunjukan \n\ndi daerah ini. Akibatnya, kini kaum wanita di kota ini telah mampu tampil dan \n\nmemainkan peranan penting dalam lima belas genre seni pertunjukan Bali terutama yang \n\ntergolong kelompok seni hiburan atau balih-balihan. Di samping peningkatan dalam hal \n\nkuantitas, kualitas penampilan mereka juga meningkat secara signifikan yang dibuktikan \n\ndengan telah mampunya kaum wanita melakukan tugas-tugas dan peran yang mereka \n\nbelum pernah lakukan di masa lampau. \n\n                                                 \n              1 Ni Made Wiratini adalah seorang Dosen dari Jurusan Tari  Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan Institut  \nSeni Indonesia (ISI) Denpasar.", "start_char_idx": 44, "end_char_idx": 2827, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ed490b91-2222-4d71-9e03-44c5de8dbe70": {"__data__": {"id_": "ed490b91-2222-4d71-9e03-44c5de8dbe70", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3554", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f80353c45a73cd2682c75edcbdcd4d6bf73bbe31ae24f07fcb126818cc2846fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ec3052f1-36b1-4559-b556-3559b5b54db5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "7ff13942f37799fa0eb76df6adbb57717621866ef4a59536b9816cbbc656b18e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a7371078-6bfb-4d90-ae43-31dfba8316f8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "17fe3c28a9a539f0439568fdc333e4f1ae97a3c5fb780641b29d16aa131ce44a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\nDi Bali termasuk Kota Denpasar, masyarakat telah lama dapat menerima kaum \n\nwanita untuk ikut ambil bagian dalam seni pertunjukan wali atau sakral dan seni \n\npertunjukan bebali sebagai pengiring upacara.  Kendatipun demikian, peluang bagi kaum \n\nwanita untuk ikut berperan dalam seni pertunjukan sekuler atau  balih-balihan, hingga \n\ntahun 1980an, masih terbatas.  Hal ini disebabkan oleh pandangan negatif dari warga \n\nmasyarakat yang cenderung menilai wanita-wanita pelaku seni pertunjukan sebagai orang \n\ntidak bermoral atau wanita murahan.  Akan tetapi sejak awal tahun 1980an pandangan \n\nseperti itu telah mulai berkurang karena masyarakat Bali mulai bisa menerima kaum \n\nwanita untuk ikut berperan dalam kegiatan seni pertunjukan.  Kondisi seperti ini sangat \n\nmendorong kaum wanita di Kota Denpasar untuk meningkatkan peranan dan partisipasi \n\nmereka dalam aktivitas seni pertunjukan. \n\nHingga kini fenomena menyangkut meningkatnya keterlibatan wanita dalam seni \n\npertunjukan Bali di Kota Denpasar belum pernah diteliti secara mendalam. Selain \n\nmenunjukkan terjadinya perubahan prilaku berkesenian dalam seni pertunjukan Bali, \n\nfenomena budaya seperti ini mengisyaratkan terjadinya kesejajaran gender dalam \n\nberbagai kegiatan sosial dan kultural di kalangan masyarakat Bali. \n\nDalam mencapai tujuan yang telah disebutkan di atas, pembahasan ini akan \n\ndifokuskan kepada tiga hal: a) berbagai genre seni pertunjukan Bali di mana kaum wanita \n\nmemainkan peranan dan fungsi penting; b). peranan dan makna dari partisipasi kaum \n\nwanita dalam seni pertunjukan Bali di wilayah ini, dan c) faktor-faktor pendorong atas \n\nmeningkatnya peranan wanita dalam seni pertunjukan Bali.  \n\n \n\nGenre-genre Seni Pertunjukan \n\nDewasa ini kaum wanita di Kota Denpasar telah mampu memainkan peranan \n\npenting dalam lima belas genre seni pertunjukan terutama dari kelompok seni hiburan \n\nyang bersifat sekuler atau balih-balihan.  Genre-genre seni pertunjukan ini tersebar di \n\nempat bidang seni yaitu: seni tari, seni musik, seni pewayangan, dan seni drama/teater. \n\nBidang seni tari (seni audio visual atau teater gabungan) mencakup dramatari Gambuh, \n\ntari Legong Keraton, dramatari Calonarang, dramatari Arja, tari-tarian Kakebyaran, tari \n\nJanger, Joged Bumbung, dan Sendratari.  Bidang musik meliputi Gender Wayang, Gong", "start_char_idx": 2833, "end_char_idx": 5152, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a7371078-6bfb-4d90-ae43-31dfba8316f8": {"__data__": {"id_": "a7371078-6bfb-4d90-ae43-31dfba8316f8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3554", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f80353c45a73cd2682c75edcbdcd4d6bf73bbe31ae24f07fcb126818cc2846fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ed490b91-2222-4d71-9e03-44c5de8dbe70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "16986832e24abcfc72bc68203c958777e4ced61350599d06ccaeaa6d878e7d90", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ed748534-7e12-4bae-9749-68fca4357481", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "134c6579563f8d29b187d4488aec5194f7880ae9b28b60305d35b756fe82a33f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nKebyar, dan Balaganjur.  Seni pewayangan diwakili oleh Wayang Kulit, dan seni drama \n\noleh Drama Gong dan Drama Klasik. \n\nDi dalam seni-seni pertunjukan Bali yang lebih muda seperti Sendratari, Drama \n\nGong, dan Drama Klasik, bahkan dapat dijumpai integrasi elemen budaya Bali (lokal) \n\ndengan elemen-elemen budaya luar dan asing (global). Hal ini menunjukkan terjadinya \n\nproses glokalisasi (Barker, 2004:120, Piliang, 2005:1) dalam seni pertunjukan Bali sejak  \n\nmasuknya dua epos, Mahabharata and Ramayana, ke dalam budaya Bali.   \n\n Meningkatnya minat wanita di Kota Denpasar untuk ikut ambil bagian dalam \n\nkegiatan seni pertunjukan Bali bukanlah merupakan suatu gerakan dari kaum wanita di \n\nwilayah ini untuk mengambil alih peranan kaum lelaki, atau suatu pemberontakan dari \n\nkaum wanita Bali terhadap dominasi kaum laki-laki di bidang seni seni pertunjukan.  \n\nPeningkatan partisipasi dan keterlibatan mereka dalam kegiatan seni pertunjukan adalah \n\nsuatu realisasi dari upaya mereka untuk bersama-sama kaum laki-laki untuk ikut \n\nmempertahankan, memperkuat, dan mengembangkan seni dan budaya tradisional Bali.  \n\nSungguhpun demikian, keterlibatan dan partisipasi mereka seperti ini telah merubah \n\nsikap masyarakat setempat dalam memperlakukan kaum wanita, terutama yang ikut \n\ndalam seni pertunjukan, dalam aktivitas sosial dan kultural.  Jika di masa lampau kaum \n\nwanita lebih banyak dipandang sebagai ibu rumah tangga, dengan keterlibatan mereka \n\ndalam seni pertunjukan, kini mereka dilihat dan diperlakukan sebagai seniman seperti \n\nhalnya kaum laki-laki.  \n\n \n\nPeranan  dan Makna \n\n Tiga peranan yang dominan dari kaum wanita di Kota Denpasar dalam seni \n\npertunjukan Bali adalah sebagai pemain, pencipta, dan pengelola.  Sebagai pemain, kaum \n\nwanita berperan sebagai penari/aktor (pragina), penabuh (juru gambel), dan dalang. \n\nKetiga peranan ini mulai berkembang di tahun 1970an.  Sebagai pencipta, kaum wanita \n\nberperan sebagai koreografer, komposer, dan penata busana.  Peranan sebagai \n\nkoreografer dan komposer mulai muncul sejak pertengahan tahun 1980an. Peranan \n\nmereka sebagai pengelola, yang mulai berkembang sejak tahun 1990an, meliputi \n\npengelola sanggar-sanggar tari dan kegiatan seni pertunjukan (khususnya untuk sajian \n\nturistik).", "start_char_idx": 5158, "end_char_idx": 7428, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ed748534-7e12-4bae-9749-68fca4357481": {"__data__": {"id_": "ed748534-7e12-4bae-9749-68fca4357481", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3554", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f80353c45a73cd2682c75edcbdcd4d6bf73bbe31ae24f07fcb126818cc2846fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a7371078-6bfb-4d90-ae43-31dfba8316f8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "08330baf148306f421fe825da391b6c344642824b94e4a2f1c8067d8c80d118c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "aef404d2-c563-4b67-bb60-a8c1e49bdddb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "de31fbacf5813ada84205f3058a579840a69161c95381f14ceb649af93c22975", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\nDominannya peranan dan partisipasi kaum wanita sebagai pelaku  berdampak \n\nkuat baik terhadap bentuk maupun kandungan isi dari seni pertunjukan yang mereka \n\npentaskan.  Hal ini disebabkan oleh kenyataan bahwa dalam repertoar seni pertunjukan \n\nyang mereka mainkan, walaupun merupakan  karya-karya hasil ciptaan kaum pria, telah \n\nterintegrasi nilai-nilai artistik yang merupakan ekspresi seni laki dan wanita.  Namun \n\ndemikian, partisipasi kaum wanita telah merubah penampilan dari seni pertunjukan yang \n\nmereka bawakan bahwa kini kesenian-kesenian itu tidak lagi hanya milik kaum laki-laki.  \n\nSajian seni pertunjukan Bali yang dimainkan oleh wanita memiliki makna yang \n\ncukup kompleks dari kultural, sosial, dan kesejahteraan.  Makna kulturalnya menyangkut \n\npertahanan, revitalisasi, dan pengembangan dari tradisi budaya lokal. Makna sosialnya \n\nterkait dengan meningkatnya rasa kebersamaan dari warga masyarakat setempat serta \n\nterbukanya ruang kiprah kreativitas seni bagi kaum wanita. Makna kesejahteraan \n\nmenyangkut bertambahnya kemakmuran warga masyarakat termasuk kepuasan spiritual \n\ndan material yang mereka dapatkan dari beraktivitas seni. \n\n \n\nFaktor-faktor Pendorong \n\n Ada tujuh faktor utama yang telah mendorong kaum wanita di Kota Denpasar \n\nuntuk ikut berpartisipasi dalam dunia seni pertunjukan.  Faktor-faktor yang dimaksud \n\nadalah: 1) emansipasi wanita di Bali, 2) Perubahan sosial dikalangan masyarakat Bali, 3) \n\ntumbuhnya kesadaran kaum wanita dalam berak-tivitas seni, 4) adanya dukungan yang \n\nbesar dari masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah Kota Denpasar, 5) pengaruh pariwisata di \n\nBali, 6) lahirnya sekolah-sekolah kesenian di pulau ini (di Denpasar), dan 7) diadakannta \n\nPesta Kesenian Bali (PKB). Tiga faktor yang disebutkan pertama dapat digolongkan \n\nsebagai faktor internal dan selebihnya merupakan faktor eksternal. \n\n \n\nKesimpulan \n\n Meningkatnya partisipasi kaum wanita Bali di Kota Denpasar dalam seni \n\npertunjukan, selama dua puluh lima tahun terakhir ini, menandakan terjadinya  perubahan \n\nsosial, atau apa yang disebut Dibia sebagai demokratisasi di bidang seni (1992:3), di Bali.  \n\nTerjadi melalui proces glokalisasi, fenomena budaya ini adalah jawaban terhadap \n\nmodernisasi yang terjadi di pulau ini. Keterlibatan dan partisipasi kaum wanita Bali", "start_char_idx": 7434, "end_char_idx": 9735, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "aef404d2-c563-4b67-bb60-a8c1e49bdddb": {"__data__": {"id_": "aef404d2-c563-4b67-bb60-a8c1e49bdddb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3554", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f80353c45a73cd2682c75edcbdcd4d6bf73bbe31ae24f07fcb126818cc2846fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ed748534-7e12-4bae-9749-68fca4357481", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f2a2b88e3d0534cc7c555c248083328413c35e0e0080505770c54e63ed2f9a40", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "86861c3d-abb7-40c6-8396-6067bfdd2bfb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "80946c634cc22cef9abab61490b9abe185a296268b102ca0d512c8234fbb656c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\ndalam aktivitas seni pertunjukan di daerah ini dimaksudkan untuk merubah pandangan \n\nnegatif terhadap kaum wanita di mata masyarakat serta anggapan masyarakat terhadap \n\nkaum wanita yang selalu tergantung kepada bantuan kaum laki-laki. \n\n \nDaftar Referensi  \nBandem, I Made and Frederik deBoer. 1981. Kaja and Kelod: Balinese Dance in \n Transsition. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. \nBandem, I Made. 1983. Ensiklopedi Tari Bali. Denpasar: Akademi Seni Tari  \n (ASTI) Denpasar. \nBarker, Chris. 2004. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Bentang. \n  \ndeZoete, Beryl and Walter Spies. 1973. Dance and Drama in Bali. Kuala Lumpur: \n Oxford University Press. \nDibia, I Wayan. 1992. Arja: A Sung Dance Drama of Bali; A Study of Change and \n Transformation. (Dissertation). Los Angeles: University of California. \n________. 1999. Selayang Pandang Seni Pertunjukan Bali. Bandung: MSPI \n (Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia) \nDibia, I Wayan and Rucina Ballinger. 2004. Balinese Dance, Drama and Music. \n                  Singapore: Periplus. \nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2005. \u201dMenciptakan Keunggulan Lokal Untuk Merebut Peluang \n Global: Sebuah Pendekatan Kultural\u201d. Makalah dalam Seminar Membedah \n\nKeunggulan Lokal Dalam Konteks Global, 26 Juli 2005 di ISI Denpasar. \nSoedarsono. 1972. Jawa dan Bali: Dua Pusat Perkembangan Dramatari Tradisionil \n di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. \nWicaksana, I Dewa Ketut. 2000. \u201cEksistensi Dalang Wanita di Bali: Kendala dan \n Prospeknya dalam Mudra.  No. 9 tahun VIII. Denpasar: Sekolah Tinggi \n\nSeni Indonesia (STSI). \n \nUcapan Terima Kasih \n\n Pertama-tama penulis menghaturkan penghargaan yang tulus kepada Direktur \n\nProgram Pasca Sarjana Universitas Udayana Denpasar beserta staf atas kepercayaan yang \n\ntelah diberikan kepada penulis untuk menulis artikel ini. Ucapan terima kasih \n\ndisampaikan kepada Rektor Universitas Udayana Denpasar yang telah memberikan \n\npenulis kesempatan untuk memasukkan artikel ini dalam Jurnal Elektrik ini.  Rasa terima \n\nkasih dan penghargaan penulis haturkan kepada Prof. I Wayan Ardika, Prof. R.M. \n\nSoedarsono, Prof. Emiliana Mariyah, begitu pula Prof. Suciati Beratha, atas saran-saran \n\ndan bimbingan yang diberikan.  Ungkapan terima kasih yang tulus penulis sampaikan \n\nkepada suami tercinta Prof. I Wayan Dibia atas dukungan dan kasih sayangnya dalam \n\npenyelesaian naskah ini. \n\n\n\n 7\n\nTHE ROLE OF WOMEN  \nIN BALINESE PERFORMING ARTS \n\nIN DENPASAR CITY \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nBy \nNi Made Wiratini \n\ne-mail: made_wiratini@yahoo.co.id \n\n \nSupervisor/Co-supervisors: \n\nProf. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A. \nProf. Dr. R.M. Soedarsono \n\nProf. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, M.S. \n \n \n \n \n \n                                                                 \n \n \n\nCULTURAL STUDIES PROGRAM  \nPOSTGRADUATE PROGRAM  \n\nUDAYANA UNIVERSITY  \nDENPASAR \n\n2007", "start_char_idx": 9741, "end_char_idx": 12594, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "86861c3d-abb7-40c6-8396-6067bfdd2bfb": {"__data__": {"id_": "86861c3d-abb7-40c6-8396-6067bfdd2bfb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3554", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f80353c45a73cd2682c75edcbdcd4d6bf73bbe31ae24f07fcb126818cc2846fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "aef404d2-c563-4b67-bb60-a8c1e49bdddb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "3900a61eef5955a9ceec54828c873a2315c07c6f38029811a1bccc8ec3759eb2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "35dc86d3-5921-49ff-af00-ed7bd08f01a7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9ee235d2a8245f9458a7578eca829cb0db4c96e2c9819735befa1a98421ebb74", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8\n\n0THE ROLE OF WOMEN \nIN BALINESE PERFORMING ARTS \n\nIN THE CITY OF DENPASAR \n \n \n\nNi Made  Wiratini2 \n \nAbstract: This article is about the increasing dominant role of women in Balinese \nperforming arts, especially in Denpasar City, during the last twenty five years.  There are \nfifteen genres of Balinese performing arts, mainly in the area of secular entertainment or \nbalih-balihan group, within which women performers play important roles. Through \nglocalization process; an acculturation between elements of local (Bali) and global \n(foreign) cultures, the role and participation of women in Denpasar City in Balinese \nperforming arts activities includes performers, creators, and organizers. This article \nshows that the change is not a form of feminist movement to take over and replace the \nrole of men in Balinese performing arts, but rather as a realization of the conscious \nendeavor of the local women in guarding, preserving, and developing the artistic and \ncultural values of Balinese tradition. In short, the increasing interest of women in the city \nof Denpasar to take part in the various forms of local performing arts is not because of \nthe gender gap, but rather because of their desire to participate in the perpetuation of \nBalinese performing arts.  \n \nKey words: the role of women, performing arts, glocalization, gender. \n \n \nIntroduction  \n\nDuring the last twenty five years, from 1980 to 2005, a significant change has \n\ntaken place in Balinese performing arts activities in Denpasar City. This is due to \n\ngrowing dominant women\u2019s role in performing arts activities in the region.  As a result, \n\ntoday women performers in the city have appeared and played important roles in fifteen \n\ngenres of Balinese performing art especially of the secular or balih-balihan group \n\n(Bandem, 1981).  In addition to the incretion in quantity, the quality of their performance \n\nis also improving significantly that nowadays women performers are able to play parts \n\nand roles that they have never been able to do in the past.  \n\nIn Bali, including the City of Denpasar, the community members have long \n\nwelcomed women to take role in the sacred wali and the ceremonial bebali group \n\nperforming arts. However, the opportunity for women to take role in secular balih-\n\nbalihan art forms, up until 1980, remained limited. This is due to the negative perception \n                                                 \n              2 Ni Made Wiratini is a dance lecturer in the Faculty of  Performing Arts,  Indonesia Institute of \nthe  Arts (ISI) Denpasar.", "start_char_idx": 12602, "end_char_idx": 15170, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "35dc86d3-5921-49ff-af00-ed7bd08f01a7": {"__data__": {"id_": "35dc86d3-5921-49ff-af00-ed7bd08f01a7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3554", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f80353c45a73cd2682c75edcbdcd4d6bf73bbe31ae24f07fcb126818cc2846fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "86861c3d-abb7-40c6-8396-6067bfdd2bfb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "504517ab3674e365757c423d674c1da12a41f952ee55aeb62a423ff479d46db7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4e2e0ab4-428b-40a3-bb6c-b45602ad2f19", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7c13da94c67fc90dcbf456fe080c7241e0e9c8f7c838f045837d4951fb2133aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "9\n\nof the community members who tend to associate women performing artists as immoral \n\nand cheap women. Since the early 1980s, however, such a negative perception has \n\ngradually changed that Balinese community began to welcome women to take roles in all \n\nkinds of performing arts. This condition strongly stimulates Balinese women in Denpasar \n\nCity to increase their role and participation in performing arts activities.   \n\nUp to now the cultural phenomenon concerning the growing interest of women \n\ntaking part in Balinese performing arts in the city of Denpasar has never been seriously \n\ninvestigated. In addition to indicating the change of performance behaviour in Balinese \n\nperforming arts in the region, such a cultural phenomenon strongly suggests the growing \n\ngender equalization in various social and cultural activities of the Balinese.  \n\nIn this paper, the discussion is focussed on three main issues: a) the variety of \n\ngenres of Balinese performing arts in which women play important role and the function \n\nof the performing arts in the context of the sosio-cultural activities of the Denpasar \n\ncommunities; b) the roles and meanings of women participation in Balinese performing \n\narts of the region; and c) the stimulating factors contributing to the increasing role of \n\nwomen in Balinese performing arts. \n\n \n\nGenres of Performing Arts  \n \n\n Presently women of Denpasar City have played important role in fifteen genres \n\nof Balinese performing art forms, especially of the secular or balih-balihan art group. \n\nThese performing art forms cover four areas: dance, music, shadow puppet play, and \n\ndrama/theatre.  The dance field (audio visual form or total theatre) encompasses Gambuh \n\ndance drama, Legong Keraton dance, Calonarang dance drama, Arja dance drama, \n\nKakebyaran dance, Janger dance, Joged Bumbung dance, Prembon dance drama, and \n\nSendratari/Seni drama tari, Ballet dance alike. The music field includes Gender Wayang, \n\nGong Kebyar, and Balaganjur. The field of shadow puppet is represented by Wayang \n\nKulit, and the drama field by the vernacular Drama Gong and the modern Drama Klasik.  \n\n In more recent Balinese performing art forms, such as Sendratari, Drama Gong, \n\nand Drama Klasik, one can in fact find the integration of Balinese (local) cultural \n\nelements with those coming from outside of foreign (global) culture. This indicates the on \n\ngoing glocalization (Barker, 2004:120, Piliang, 2005:1) process within Balinese", "start_char_idx": 15176, "end_char_idx": 17652, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4e2e0ab4-428b-40a3-bb6c-b45602ad2f19": {"__data__": {"id_": "4e2e0ab4-428b-40a3-bb6c-b45602ad2f19", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3554", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f80353c45a73cd2682c75edcbdcd4d6bf73bbe31ae24f07fcb126818cc2846fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "35dc86d3-5921-49ff-af00-ed7bd08f01a7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "ed7a7ac6c02a6d12eed394c2777c387ff69b3ac602025603a16dc3077114c11d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "91a42314-2485-4313-9faa-79029274c74c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "aa7e04ea376c73589bf850604a770f0eec8e94c8d4a9169e6ff53ef1be8bdcd0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "10\n\nperforming arts since the introduction of two Indian epics, Mahabharata and Ramayana, \n\ninto Balinese culture.  \n\nThe growing interest of women in the city of Denpasar in taking role in Balinese \n\nperforming arts is not a movement of the local women to take over the male roles, or a \n\nrebellion of Balinese women against domination of males in the field of performing arts. \n\nInstead, their increasing participation and involvement in Balinese performing arts is a \n\nrealization of their efforts to join the male community to conserve, revitalize, and develop \n\nthe traditional art and culture of Bali. However, their involvement and participation have \n\ngreatly changed the way in which the local community members locate women, \n\nespecially the member of the local performing art groups, in their social and cultural \n\nactivities. While in the past they were mainly perceived as house workers, with their \n\nparticipation in performing arts, they are now treated and regarded as artists almost on the \n\nsame footing as  the male performers.  \n\n \n\nRoles and Meanings  \n \n\nThree most dominant roles for women of Denpasar City in Balinese performing \n\narts are performer, creator, and organizer. As performer, women take role as \n\nactor/dancers (pragina), musicians (juru gambel), and puppeteer (dalang).  These roles \n\nevolved since the 1970s. As creator, women artists have taken role as choreographer, \n\ncomposer, and as costumes/make-up designer. The role of women as choreographer and \n\ncomposer evolved around mid 1980s. Their role as art organizer, evolving since the \n\n1990s, includes manager of private dance studio and as performing art organizer (mainly \n\nfor tourist entertainment).  \n\nWith their dominant role as performers, women participation has no strong impact \n\neither on the form or on the content of the performing arts form being performed. This is \n\nmainly because these performing arts repertoires, although these are creation of male \n\ncreators, strongly convey the integration of male and female artistic expression. The \n\nparticipation of female performers has altered the appearance of the performing arts, in \n\nthat, these art forms are longer belong to the male community. \n\nThe performing arts of Bali featuring women performers hold complex meanings \n\nranging from cultural to social and welfare. The cultural meaning of the performing arts \n\n\n\n 11\n\nconcerns conservation, revitalization, and development of the local traditional art forms. \n\nIts social meaning relates to the increasing solidarity of the local people and the widening \n\nopening room for artistic creativities for women.  Its welfare meaning concerns the \n\nprosperity of the local community members including the spiritual and materialistic \n\nsatisfaction they may gain from performing the arts.  \n\n \n\nStimulating Factors  \n\n There are seven stimulating factors for women in the city of Denpasar to \n\nparticipate in Balinese performing arts world. These factors include 1) Women \n\nemancipation on Bali, 2) the social change in Balinese culture, 3) the increasing \n\nawareness of Balinese women in making arts, 4) the incearing great support from the \n\ncommunity and local (Denpasar) government, 5) the influence of tourism in Bali, 6) the \n\nestablishment of performing art school on the island (in Denpasar),  and 7) the \n\nconducting of the Annual Bali Arts Festival or Pesta Kesenian Bali (PKB). The first three \n\ncan be identified as internal factors, and the rest are the external factors.  \n\n \n\nConclusion  \n\nThe growing participation of Balinese women in the local performing arts in \n\nDenpasar, for the last twenty five years , is an indication of social change, or what Dibia \n\nrefers to as art democratization (Dibia,1992:3) in Bali. Evolving through a glocalization \n\nprocess, this cultural phenomenon is in response to the modernization on the island. The \n\ninvolvement and participation of Balinese women in the local performing arts activities is \n\nonce intended to change the negative image of women in the eye of the local community \n\nmembers, and to change the public perception of women being always dependent on the \n\nhelp of men.", "start_char_idx": 17658, "end_char_idx": 21806, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "91a42314-2485-4313-9faa-79029274c74c": {"__data__": {"id_": "91a42314-2485-4313-9faa-79029274c74c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3554", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "f80353c45a73cd2682c75edcbdcd4d6bf73bbe31ae24f07fcb126818cc2846fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4e2e0ab4-428b-40a3-bb6c-b45602ad2f19", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "00156e4d8372e2d8aef3f61dc6883aa5666a6366349da02cec3d4accf1ab7ad6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4ac356e3-8e44-4de2-a2d6-6e09ff7837b1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5d4ddcb14bd2f7f3ab10c676f914c24e38f27ef6ee7383e8bcad2852509cdc8e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "12\n\nReferences  \n \nBandem, I Made and Frederik deBoer. 1981. Kaja and Kelod: Balinese Dance in \n Transsition. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. \nBandem, I Made. 1983. Ensiklopedi Tari Bali. Denpasar: Akademi Seni Tari  \n (ASTI) Denpasar. \nBarker, Chris. 2004. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Bentang. \n  \ndeZoete, Beryl and Walter Spies. 1973. Dance and Drama in Bali. Kuala Lumpur: \n Oxford University Press. \nDibia, I Wayan. 1992. Arja: A Sung Dance Drama of Bali; A Study of Change and \n Transformation. (Dissertation). Los Angeles: University of California. \n________. 1999. Selayang Pandang Seni Pertunjukan Bali. Bandung: MSPI \n (Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia) \nDibia, I Wayan and Rucina Ballinger. 2004. Balinese Dance, Drama and Music. \n                  Singapore: Periplus. \nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2005. \u201dMenciptakan Keunggulan Lokal Untuk Merebut Peluang \n Global: Sebuah Pendekatan Kultural\u201d. Makalah dalam Seminar Membedah \n\nKeunggulan Lokal Dalam Konteks Global, 26 Juli 2005 di ISI Denpasar. \nSoedarsono. 1972. Jawa dan Bali: Dua Pusat Perkembangan Dramatari Tradisionil \n di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. \nWicaksana, I Dewa Ketut. 2000. \u201cEksistensi Dalang Wanita di Bali: Kendala dan \n Prospeknya dalam Mudra.  No. 9 tahun VIII. Denpasar: Sekolah Tinggi \n\nSeni Indonesia (STSI). \n \n \n \nAcknowledgement  \n\n First of all, I wish to extent my sincere gratitude to the Dean of Postgraduate \n\nSchool of Udayana University of Denpasar and Stafs for trusting me to write this article. \n\nSpecial thanks to the Rector of  Udayana University Denpasar for giving me chance to \n\nwrite an article for Electric Jurnal.  And also special thanks go to Prof. I Wayan Ardika, \n\nProf. Soedarsono, Prof. Emiliana Mariyah, as well as Prof. Suciati Beratha for their \n\nadvised. My sincere gratitute goes to my husband Prof. I Wayan Dibia for helping me \n\nwith the text and his love.", "start_char_idx": 21831, "end_char_idx": 23759, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4ac356e3-8e44-4de2-a2d6-6e09ff7837b1": {"__data__": {"id_": "4ac356e3-8e44-4de2-a2d6-6e09ff7837b1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "91a42314-2485-4313-9faa-79029274c74c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3554", "author": "Wiratini, Ni Made; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Soedarsono, Prof. Dr. R.M.; Mariyah, M.S., Prof. Dr. Emiliana", "title": " PERANAN WANITA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3554.pdf"}, "hash": "df6f730088f1074ffaaa270556c6b328dc4e78347853dcafb385c573e2f9ae46", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b98a8650-5a5d-4636-8a4d-ace0040e5e19", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d813278ed143f27da22c27ae4ff6e9f123c29d0f84c35951016eef35d4350936", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "ABSTRAK\n\n\nPEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA  (PKK)  \nDI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA \n\n \n \n\nTrisakti Handayani (trisakti@umm.ac.id) \nProf. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A. (Promotor) \n\nProf. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi Sukesi, M.S. (Kopromotor I) \nProf. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A. (Kopromotor II) \n\n \n \nABSTRAK \n\n \nKeputusan pemerintah untuk merevitalisasi dan mengelompokkan \n\norganisasi perempuan di bawah departemen dalam federasi mengakibatkan \nlahirnya Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK), yaitu organisasi yang \nmewadahi perempuan yang tidak berada di bawah departemen. Kehadiran PKK \nselain diharapkan  mampu membawa keluarga pada kondisi sejahtera dan mandiri, \njuga mampu membebaskan perempuan dari belenggu budaya patriarkhi. Namun, \nkenyataannya PKK belum sepenuhnya mampu mengubah kondisi keluarga dan \nperempuan, sehingga belum terwujud  kesetaraan dan keadilan gender. Adanya \nkesenjangan ini menyebabkan perlunya melakukan penelitian terhadap PKK, \nkhususnya di kota Malang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji: (1) faktor-faktor \nyang mempengaruhi munculnya PKK; (2) paradigma kelembagaan yang \ndikembangkan PKK; dan (3) makna PKK dikaitkan dengan kesetaraan dan \nkeadilan gender.  \n\nPenelitian ini mengambil lokasi di kota Malang, dengan subjek: PKK kota \nMalang, kecamatan Lowokwaru dan kelurahan Lowokwaru.  Pendekatan \nkualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini.  Penentuan informan dilakukan secara \npurposive. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui: observasi partisipasi, wawancara \ndan, pemanfaatan dokumen. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif \ndan interpretatif.  \n\nHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) faktor-faktor yang \nmempengaruhi munculnya PKK adalah: politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. \nFaktor ekonomi merupakan faktor paling berpengaruh pada awal kemunculan \nPKK, namun dalam perkembangannya faktor politik menjadi dominan karena \nterjadinya politisasi gerakan perempuan; (2) paradigma kelembagaan yang \ndikembangkan PKK adalah paradigma dari atas ke bawah (top down) dan \nbergerak dari  konsep pendidikan, pembinaan, dan pemberdayaan; (3) makna \nPKK dikaitkan dengan kesetaraan dan keadilan gender, yaitu makna \nkeharmonisan, makna solidaritas, makna keadilan, makna keselarasan, dan makna \nkeseimbangan. \n\n \n \n\nKata kunci:  kemandirian  perempuan, paradigma  kesetaraan dan keadilan gender,   \n                    pemberdayaan perempuan", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 2443, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b98a8650-5a5d-4636-8a4d-ace0040e5e19": {"__data__": {"id_": "b98a8650-5a5d-4636-8a4d-ace0040e5e19", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4ac356e3-8e44-4de2-a2d6-6e09ff7837b1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "d69c1728ac0e7366bc6dc7356113be86f4f1d143a25331833ed2764a7226d89b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "90e9a974-d60f-4fb7-ad4f-1af1c17a39e5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "06bfd4272b4a9cf97212d881c7115b60dfd49f9c7785fe7abd101d9f427b777c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "PENDAHULUAN \n\n  Keputusan pemerintah untuk merevitalisasi dan mengelompokkan \n\norganisasi perempuan di bawah departemen dalam federasi mengakibatkan \n\nlahirnya Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK), yaitu organisasi yang \n\nmewadahi perempuan yang tidak berada di bawah departemen. Organisasi ini \n\nbermula dari Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga yang  berupaya melibatkan \n\npartisipasi dan merupakan program pendidikan perempuan. Selanjutnya organisasi \n\nini berubah menjadi Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga yang berupaya tidak \n\nhanya mendidik perempuan, melainkan membina dan membangun keluarga di \n\nbidang mental spiritul dan fisik material serta peningkatan mutu pangan, sandang, \n\npapan, kesehatan, dan lingkungan hidup. Bergulirnya reformasi dan disyahkannya \n\nGBHN 1999 oleh MPR serta adanya paradigma baru pembangunan dan semangat \n\notonomi daerah, maka kepanjangan PKK berubah menjadi Pemberdayaan dan \n\nKesejahteraan Keluarga, yaitu sebuah organisasi yang melibatkan partisipasi \n\nperempuan dan laki-laki  dalam upaya mewujudkan keluarga sejahtera.  \n\nPKK yang merekrut anggota sampai lapisan bawah masyarakat diharapkan  \n\nmampu membawa pada kondisi keluarga yang sejahtera, yaitu keluarga yang \n\nmampu  memenuhi kebutuhan dasar manusia baik secara material, sosial, mental \n\ndan spiritual serta keluarga yang berdaya yaitu keluarga yang hidup sejahtera, \n\nmaju dan mandiri. Selain itu, PKK diharapkan mampu membebaskan perempuan \n\ndari belenggu budaya patriarkhi, sehingga memiliki kemandirian. Melalui PKK \n\ndiharapkan harkat dan martabat perempuan sebagai bagian dari keluarga dapat \n\nditingkatkan. Namun, pada kenyataannya PKK belum sepenuhnya mampu \n\nmerubah kondisi keluarga dan perempuan, sehingga belum terwujud  kesetaraan \n\ndan keadilan gender. Adanya kesenjangan ini menyebabkan perlunya melakukan \n\npenelitian terhadap PKK, khususnya di kota Malang. \n\nSecara  umum penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji eksistensi Pemberdayaan \n\ndan Kesejahteraan Keluarga  di kota Malang  dari  perspektif kajian budaya dalam \n\nupaya mewujudkan PKK yang  profesional, mandiri, berkesetaraan dan \n\nberkeadilan gender. Sedangkan secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) \n\nmenjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya PKK; (2) menjelaskan \n\n 2", "start_char_idx": 2450, "end_char_idx": 4712, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "90e9a974-d60f-4fb7-ad4f-1af1c17a39e5": {"__data__": {"id_": "90e9a974-d60f-4fb7-ad4f-1af1c17a39e5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b98a8650-5a5d-4636-8a4d-ace0040e5e19", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "59ac1a843efc2456c004b98d90062814ea463cd432369fc3d76958440325d056", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "63293bda-64a3-4459-84ac-6d30b310a9d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e4dab4294433b78429ae2937c9fe9d413ca18e50fa1190e371dd10920ed0d418", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "paradigma kelembagaan yang dikembangkan PKK; dan (3) menjelaskan makna \n\nPKK dikaitkan dengan kesetaraan dan keadilan gender \n\nSecara akademik penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk: (1) menambah khasanah \n\nilmu pengetahuan, khususnya dalam permasalahan sosial secara kritis, \n\nsehubungan dengan eksistensi PKK, yang membawa  perubahan pada perilaku \n\nbudaya  perempuan; (2) membangun dasar-dasar pijakan  untuk mengembangkan \n\npenelitian di masa mendatang, khususnya dalam perspektif kajian budaya, \n\nsehingga dapat memahami PKK dalam konteks yang lebih luas serta menunjang \n\nkemajuan penelitian tentang organisasi perempuan Indonesia. Secara praktis \n\npenelitian ini bermanfaat bagi: (1) PKK, sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam \n\nupaya menata kembali paradigma kelembagaan, sehingga mampu meningkatkan \n\nperan dan kemandiriannya, serta mampu menghadapi  tantangan jaman; (2) \n\npemerintah dan atau semua pihak (stake holder), yang kompeten dalam \n\nmerumuskan kebijakan dan menyusun program, khususnya dalam  mewujudkan \n\npemberdayaan organisasi perempuan, sehingga terwujud kebijakan dan program \n\nyang berperspektif  kesetaraan dan keadilan gender. \n\n \n\nMATERI DAN DISKUSI \n\nPendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan \n\nkualitatif. Metode kualitatif yang digunakan meliputi: observasi partisipasi, \n\nwawancara, dan pemanfaatan dokumen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif \n\nanalitis. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di kota Malang.  Subjek penelitian adalah \n\nPKK kota Malang, kecamatan Lowokwaru dan kelurahan Lowokwaru.  Data \n\nprimer bersumber dari informan yang meliputi: ketua TP-PKK, ketua dewan \n\npenyantun TP-PKK, dan anggota PKK baik yang ada di kota Malang, kecamatan \n\nLowokwaru maupun kelurahan Lowokwaru, pimpinan organisasi perempuan \n\n(Aisyiyah, Muslimat NU, GOW) kota Malang dan Dr. Effendi Kadarisman \n\nseorang ahli naskah Jawa. Data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen-dokumen yang  \n\nberkaitan dengan PKK dan hasil penelitian terdahulu.  Teknik  pengumpulan data \n\ndilakukan dengan cara:  wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipasi, catatan \n\nlapangan, dan dokumen.  Analisis dalam penelitian ini berupa deskriptif kualitatif \n\n 3", "start_char_idx": 4716, "end_char_idx": 6879, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "63293bda-64a3-4459-84ac-6d30b310a9d1": {"__data__": {"id_": "63293bda-64a3-4459-84ac-6d30b310a9d1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "90e9a974-d60f-4fb7-ad4f-1af1c17a39e5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "07071771d8161f1407fb05f37d3588bb16b8017f67822dafd76799d804203804", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9186699b-71d7-45f9-97f6-4a4eef3a2dc9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8cdbb05d6cb4810887a6c559a4a62d11366af17b7134902838f18a6de129ea7b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "dan interpretatif. Hasil analisis data disajikan dalam bentuk formal maupun \n\ninformal. bentuk formal meliputi: tabel berupa angka maupun kata-kata atau \n\nphrase verbal. Sedangkan bentuk informal berupa narasi.   \n\nUntuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian digunakan pendekatan kajian \n\nbudaya (cultural studies) yang berusaha melihat problematika secara lebih luas \n\ndan komprehensip.  Teori yang digunakan adalah teori hegemoni, dekonstruksi \n\ndan feminis posmodern. Ketiga teori ini sangat diperlukan, karena mampu \n\nmengungkap permasalahan tersembunyi dalam PKK, yang menyebabkan PKK \n\nkehilangan kekuatan dan pengaruhnya dalam memperjuangkan perubahan yang \n\nberkaitan dengan kehidupan keluarga, khususnya  perempuan. \n\nFaktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya PKK adalah: politik, \n\nekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Eksistensi PKK tidak dapat dilepaskan dari \n\npersaingan dua aliran politik dalam kekuasaan, yaitu golongan komunis dan non-\n\nkomunis pada akhir pemerintahan  Orde Lama, di samping faktor politik makro, \n\nyaitu berhubungan dengan politik gender yang mengarahkan perempuan berperan \n\nsebagai ibu dan istri, maupun faktor  politik mikro yang  mendefinisikan masalah \n\nperempuan dalam kerangka kebutuhan dasar keluarga.  Dari aspek ekonomi, \n\nterjadinya  kemiskinan yang melanda sebagian masyarakat Indonesia dan \n\ntransformasi dari sistem agraris menjadi industrial mengakibatkan timbulnya  \n\npembagian kerja, laki-laki di sektor publik dan perempuan di sektor domestik, \n\nsehingga perempuan kembali dalam kehidupan rumah tangga dan menyebabkan \n\nterjadinya domestikasi yang tercermin pada pembentukan organisasi perempuan \n\npada masa Orde Baru, dalam bentuk PKK.  Secara sosial eksistensi PKK tidak \n\ndapat dilepaskan dari gerakan sosial yang bertujuan mengadakan perubahan dan \n\ntuntutan feminisme dalam mewujudkan emanspasi perempuan dan kesetaraan \n\ngender, meskipun tuntutan ini tidak ditonjolkan karena emansipasi perempuan dan \n\nkesetaraan gender dianggap akan tercapai bersamaan dengan kesejahteraan \n\nkeluarga dan masyarakat. Sementara itu, munculnya PKK  didasarkan pada nilai-\n\nnilai budaya Jawa yang menekankan pada budaya patriarki yang tercermin dalam \n\n10 program pokok PKK.  Aspek ekonomi merupakan aspek yang berpengaruh \n\ndominan pada awal kemunculan PKK, karena adanya kemiskinan. Namun dalam \n\n 4", "start_char_idx": 6883, "end_char_idx": 9211, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9186699b-71d7-45f9-97f6-4a4eef3a2dc9": {"__data__": {"id_": "9186699b-71d7-45f9-97f6-4a4eef3a2dc9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "63293bda-64a3-4459-84ac-6d30b310a9d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "c9d0307c4db5c9b7c394ccde7f81c78de973ea980309616048ba9094ff8477a7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d112bb07-c2cc-45d7-a70a-1d572d7a896f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ed9bcca8f446ac23466baefa3e557c1f7aa5ce196a58470bc9a33c96eef22a99", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "perkembangannya aspek politik menjadi sangat berpengaruh karena terjadinya \n\npolitisasi gerakan perempuan dengan mendirikan organisasi isteri termasuk PKK.  \n\nHegemoni kekuasaan  berperan penting dalam pembentukan PKK, hal ini \n\nditunjukkan dengan terbitnya Surat Kawat Mendagri Nomor: SUS/3/6/12 \n\ntertanggal 27 Desember 1972. \n\nParadigma kelembagaan yang dikembangkan PKK adalah paradigma dari \n\natas ke bawah (top down) dan berdasarkan struktur hirarki kedinasan  dari tingkat \n\npusat sampai daerah yang direpresentasikan dengan adanya dewan penyantun, \n\nsehingga narasi besar tetap berpeluang untuk mendominasi kebijakan dan \n\nmelakukan kontrol terhadap program-program yang dilakukan PKK. Paradigma \n\nini bergerak dari  konsep pendidikan, pembinaan, dan pemberdayaan. Paradigma  \n\npendidikan mengarahkan PKK bertanggung jawab pada sektor domestik, \n\nsementara paradigma pembinaan menyebabkan beban PKK semakin besar karena \n\nbertanggung jawab terhadap keluarga. Selanjutnya, dikembangkan paradigma \n\npemberdayaan agar PKK mampu melakukan upaya pemberdayaan keluarga \n\nmeskipun pada kenyataannya kekuasaan tetap melakukan kontrol. Pada paradigma \n\npendidikan dan pembinaan, kekuasaan secara langsung melakukan hegemoni, \n\nsementara pada paradigma pemberdayaan, muncul kesadaran dari kekuasaan \n\nuntuk melakukan pemberdayaan meskipun kenyataannya hanya sebatas slogan, \n\nsehingga PKK tetap menjadi gerakan statis. Dekonstruksi atas kelembagaan PKK \n\nperlu dilakukan agar PKK dapat menjadi organisasi yang mandiri dan berdaya.  \n\nMakna PKK dikaitkan dengan perspektif kesetaraan dan keadilan gender \n\nadalah keharmonisan, solidaritas, keadilan, keselarasan, dan keseimbangan. \n\nMakna keharmonisan menunjukkan bahwa PKK merupakam: (1) organisasi yang \n\nbertujuan membangun keharmonisan keluarga; dan (2) organisasi yang \n\nmengarahkan perempuan untuk menciptakan keluarga yang harmonis, yaitu \n\nkeluarga yang berada dalam kondisi damai, tentram, dan nyaman. Makna \n\nsolidaritas menunjukkan bahwa PKK merupakan: (1) organisasi yang tumbuh \n\nsebagai bentuk solidaritas terhadap gerakan perempuan; (2) organisasi yang \n\nberusaha meningkatkan harkat dan martabat perempuan. Makna keadilan \n\nmenunjukkan bahwa PKK merupakan: (1) organisasi yang berupaya mewujudkan \n\n 5", "start_char_idx": 9215, "end_char_idx": 11479, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d112bb07-c2cc-45d7-a70a-1d572d7a896f": {"__data__": {"id_": "d112bb07-c2cc-45d7-a70a-1d572d7a896f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9186699b-71d7-45f9-97f6-4a4eef3a2dc9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "336bb0014fab439479e553a604530e1ec2d3196847dde595f418788eda80e74e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8948b424-745d-4580-854c-e63d48792c8a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "92c2edd12259b6270a612afa7e259b3bdd8dede78f9dd9c7f2ad4f0ebb869080", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "keadilan dalam keluarga dan masyarakat; (2) organisasi yang berupaya \n\nmewujudkan keadilan gender, sehingga laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki \n\nkedudukan dan peran yang sama dalam kehidupan, karena selama ini perempuan \n\ndianggap sebagai other (Liyan) sedangkan laki-laki adalah self (Diri). Makna \n\nkeselarasan menunjukkan bahwa PKK merupakan: (1) organisasi yang berupaya \n\nmenuju terciptanya  suasana yang tertib, teratur, aman, dan damai, sehingga \n\ntimbul ketentraman lahir batin dalam keluarga; (2) organisasi yang berusaha \n\nmenuju pada terwujudnya perilaku yang baik, sopan berdasarkan tata tertib \n\nmasyarakat yang penuh rasa tanggung jawab, sehingga tidak terjadi hegemoni, \n\ndominasi, subordinasi dan marginalisasi  perempuan. Makna keseimbangan \n\nmenunjukkan bahwa PKK merupakan: (1) organisasi yang berupaya menuju \n\nterciptanya kesetaraan dalam keluarga dan masyarakat; (2) organisasi yang \n\nberupaya mewujudkan kesetaraan gender antara laki-laki dan perempuan, agar \n\nmemiliki kedudukan dan peran yang sama dalam kehidupan. \n\n \n\nTEMUAN BARU PENELITIAN \n\nTemuan baru dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) paradigma pemberdayaan \n\nyang dikembangkan PKK mengisyaratkan terjadinya perubahan organisasi \n\nmenuju pada kemandirian, meskipun belum dilakukan secara optimal, karena \n\nkekuasaaan tetap melakukan pengontrolan, sehingga hubungan yang terjalin \n\nantara kekuasaan dengan PKK adalah hegemoni; (2) eksistensi PKK memberi \n\nwadah kepada perempuan untuk beraktivitas dalam kecenderungan koridor \n\nkekuasaan (laki-laki); (3) PKK di kota Malang telah melakukan upaya menuju \n\nkesetaraan dan keadilan gender, yang diperlihatkan dengan keterlibatan laki-laki \n\ndalam kepengurusan, meskipun eksistensinya belum berpengaruh secara \n\nsignifikan terhadap perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pengendalian  program \n\norganisasi, karena PKK masih berorentasi pada kebijakan dari atas (top down). \n\n \n\nKESIMPULAN \n\nKesimpulan yang dapat dikemukakan adalah: (1) Faktor-faktor yang \n\nmempengaruhi munculnya PKK adalah:  faktor politik, ekonomi, sosial dan \n\n 6", "start_char_idx": 11483, "end_char_idx": 13530, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8948b424-745d-4580-854c-e63d48792c8a": {"__data__": {"id_": "8948b424-745d-4580-854c-e63d48792c8a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d112bb07-c2cc-45d7-a70a-1d572d7a896f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "9e8d64b910c2be9a9ce54eae64f13ce88470025a38db1183586677fb13ad25b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "99ce5a21-5625-4cec-a266-f42c2430a3b9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b336fdfe275fc4062b19ab74ca15cbc19819ef21ae2e54e017adbc35971c67fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "budaya; (2) paradigma kelembagaan yang dikembangkan PKK adalah paradigma \n\ndari atas ke bawah (top down) dan bergerak dari  konsep pendidikan, pembinaan, \n\ndan pemberdayaan; (3) makna PKK dikaitkan dengan perspektif kesetaraan dan \n\nkeadilan gender, yaitu makna keharmonisan, makna solidaritas, makna keadilan, \n\nmakna keselarasan, dan makna keseimbangan. \n\n \n\nDAFTAR PUSTAKA \n \nBarker, C. 2004. Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktik. Terjemahan. Yogyakarta: \n\nKreasi Wacana.  \nDirektorat Jenderal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa (PMD) Departemen \n\nDalam Negeri. 2005. Hasil Rapat Kerja Nasional VI PKK. Jakarta. \nHadiz, L. 2004. Perempuan dalam Wacana Politik Orde Baru. Jakarta: Penerbit \n\nPustaka LP3ES. \nLubis, A.Y. 2006. Dekonstruksi Epistemologi Modern: dari Posmodernisme, \n\nTeori Kritis, Poskolonialisme Hingga Cultural Studies. Jakarta: Pustaka \nIndonesia Satu. \n\nMurniati, A.N.P. 2004. Getar Gender: Perempuan Indonesia dalam Perspektif \nAgama, Budaya dan Keluarga. Buku Kedua. Magelang: Indonesiatera. \n\nSimon, R. 2000. Gagasan-gagasan Politik Gramsci. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \nTong, R.P. 1999. Feminist Thought. Aquarini Priyatna Prabasmoro, terjemahan.  \n\nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \nWieringa, S. 1998. Kuntilanak Wangi: Organisasi-Organisasi Perempuan \n\nIndonesia Sesudah 1950. Terjemahan. Jakarta: Kalyanamitra. \n \n\nUCAPAN TERIMAKASIH \n\nPuji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas limpahan rahmat \n\ndan hidayah-Nya, sehingga disertasi ini dapat diselesaikan. Ucapan tarima kasih \n\npenulis sampaikan kepada yang terhormat Prof. Dr. I Gde Parimartha M.A., \n\nselaku promotor,  Prof. Dr. Hj. Keppi Sukesi, M.S., selaku ko poromotor I, dan \n\nProf. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., selaku ko promotor II, yang dengan penuh \n\nperhatian, kesabaran, ketelatenan, dan ketelitian telah  mendorong dan memotivasi \n\npenulis mulai dari penyusunan  proposal hingga selesainya disertasi ini. Tak lupa, \n\npenulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada instansi yang telah memberikan \n\nbantuan beasiswa melalui BPPS (P2T) Univesitas Udayana serta kepada Rektor, \n\nDirektur Pascasarjana beserta staf, Ketua Program Pendidikan Doktor Kajian \n\nBudaya beserta Staf. \n\n 7", "start_char_idx": 13534, "end_char_idx": 15699, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "99ce5a21-5625-4cec-a266-f42c2430a3b9": {"__data__": {"id_": "99ce5a21-5625-4cec-a266-f42c2430a3b9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8948b424-745d-4580-854c-e63d48792c8a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "3564df0b09a4d0c5096fea58e04e2800651cc389cf7cc34b04c7e620cb790aa1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fa10af77-171c-482c-a181-0c3149089f11", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "49b5d8cb576b963c78e611ee3303f18ae020e6829698e979a3e021d21624917c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "FAMILY EMPOWERMENT AND PROSPERITY  (PKK) IN MALANG \nCITY: \n\nA CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE \n \n\nTrisakti Handayani (trisakti@umm.ac.id) \nProf. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A. (Promotor) \n\nProf. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi Sukesi, M.S. (Co-propromotor I) \nProf. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A. (Co-promotor II) \n\n \n The government decision to revitalize and to group woman organization \nunder a department into a federation results in the establishment of Pemberdayaan \ndan Kesejahteraan Keluarga, \u2018Family Empowerment and Welfare\u2019 (PKK), an \norganization that accommodates womanwho don\u2019t belong to any department. In \naddition to being able to bring family into independent and prosperous conditions, \nthe introduction of PKK is also expected to free womanfrom patriarchal cultural \nbond. However, the reality is that PKK hasn\u2019t fully been able to change the \nconditions of family and womanto realize gender equality and justice. Based on \nthese conditions it is considered necessary to make a study on PKK especially in \nMalang city. The research is aimed at studying (1) factors influencing the \nestablishment of PKK; (2) institutional paradigm developed by PKK; and (3) the \nsignificance of PKK in relation to gender equality and justice.  \n The location of research is Malang city using PKK of Malang city, \nLowokwaru district and Lowokwaru village as the subject of study. In the process \nof study a qualitative approach was applied. The informants were purposively \ndetermined. The data were collected through participatory observation, interviews, \nand the use of documents. The analysis was done descriptively, qualitatively and \ninterpretatively. \n The result of analysis indicates that (1) factors influencing the \nestablishment of PKK are: political, economical, social and cultural. Economic \nfactor became the most influencing factor for the emergence of PKK, but later in \nits development, political factor became dominant due to the politicization of \nwoman movement; (2) the institutional paradigm developed by PKK is top-down \nparadigm and departs from the concept of education, maintenance, and \nempowerment; (3) the values of PKK are related to gender equality and justice, \nincluding values of harmony, solidarity, justice, compatibility, and equilibrium. \n \nKeywords: independence, gender equality and justice, woman empowerment. \n\n 8", "start_char_idx": 15703, "end_char_idx": 18034, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fa10af77-171c-482c-a181-0c3149089f11": {"__data__": {"id_": "fa10af77-171c-482c-a181-0c3149089f11", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "99ce5a21-5625-4cec-a266-f42c2430a3b9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "0746e5b4ca612482bfcd795f584c1adfbf432ba154c08ead8078ab67d7d6fe78", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "46918458-7d83-4386-80a7-4111f12828a9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3755030e876cdb30abed9ac2e658a219dcf054450cd6d173c255826421ae0905", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "INTRODUCTION \n \n The government decision to revitalize and to group woman organization \n\nunder a department into a federation results in the establishment of Pemberdayaan \n\ndan Kesejahteraan Keluarga, \u2018Family Empowerment and Welfare\u2019 (PKK), an \n\norganization that accommodates womanwho don\u2019t belong to any department. The \n\norganization originated from Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (Family \n\nWelfare Education) that tried to involve womanand became woman education \n\nprogram. Later the organization changed into Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga \n\n(Family Welfare Maintenance) that endeavored not only to educate woman, but to \n\nbuild and develop families physically and spiritually as well as to improve the \n\nquality of their food, clothes, shelter, health, and living environment. The \n\nintroduction of reformation and the approval of GBHN 1999 by MPR and the new \n\ndevelopment paradigm supported by the spirit of regional autonomy, PKK later \n\nstood for Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga, (Family Empowerment \n\nand Welfare), an organization that involves womanand men participation to create \n\nprosperous family. \n\n PKK that recruits members up to the lowest level of society is expected to \n\nbring about a more prosperous family condition, a family being able to satisfy \n\nbasic human material, social, mental, and spiritual needs, that is to say, an \n\nempowered, prosperous, developed and independent family. Besides, PKK is \n\nexpected to be able to free womanfrom patriarchal cultural bond in order to \n\nbecome independent. Through PKK it is hoped that woman dignity and pride as \n\npart of family could be improved. However, PKK, so far, hasn\u2019t been able to fully \n\nchange the family and womancondition so that gender equality and justice could \n\nnot be realized. This gap necessitates a research on PKK, especially in Malang \n\ncity. \n\n In general, the research is aimed at studying the existence of PKK in \n\nMalang city from cultural studies perspective in order to realize a professional and \n\nindependent PKK with gender equality and justice. Specifically the research is \n\naimed at (1) describing the factors that influence the establishment of PKK; (2) \n\n 9", "start_char_idx": 18038, "end_char_idx": 20217, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "46918458-7d83-4386-80a7-4111f12828a9": {"__data__": {"id_": "46918458-7d83-4386-80a7-4111f12828a9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fa10af77-171c-482c-a181-0c3149089f11", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "ba68328d348c016ae6eb5cb1fc0a74b4f543fdfb85ad4f0a810060af995ad6a4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "358f53d1-6cda-407c-88c2-8d85ac26a1b0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cbcf36205783727713838b420e58a587a6ae3ef8403c9cc42083c9ab390abcd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "explaining the institutional paradigm developed by PKK, and (3) describing the \n\nsignificance of PKK in relation to gender equality and justice. \n\n Academically, this research is beneficial to (1) increasing science heritage, \n\nparticularly related to social phenomenon resulting from the introduction of PKK \n\nthat brings about changes to womancultural behavior; (2) building up a stepping \n\nstone to develop further fundamental research in the future, especially from \n\ncultural studies perspective in order to comprehend PKK in its wider contexts and \n\nto support researches on Indonesian woman organization. Practically this study is \n\nbeneficial to (1) PKK as a feedback to consider a reformulation of the institutional \n\nparadigm so as to make it possible to improve its role and independence as well as \n\nto be able to cope with current challenges; (2) the government and or all \n\nstakeholders competent in formulating policy and program designing particularly \n\nin the realization of womanorganization empowerment in order to actualize a \n\npolicy and paradigm reflecting gender equality and justice perspective. \n\n \nMATERIALS AND DISCUSSION \n\n The research applies a qualitative approach. The qualitative method used \n\nincludes participatory observation, interviews, and the use of document. The \n\nresearch is descriptive analytic in nature carried out in Malang city. The subject of \n\nresearch is PKK Malang, Lowokwaru district and Lowokwaru village. The \n\nprimary data were taken from informants including: head of TP-PKK, patrons of \n\nTP-PKK and PKK members found in Malang city, Lowokwaru district and \n\nLowokwaru village, heads of womanorganization (Aisyiyah, Muslimat NU, \n\nGOW) of Malang city and Dr. Effendi Kadarisman, an expert of Javanese \n\nmanuscripts. The secondary data were taken from some documents related to \n\nPKK and reports of previous studies. The method of collecting data includes \n\ndepth interview, participatory observation, field note-taking, and documentation. \n\nThe analysis was done descriptively, qualitatively and interpretatively.  The result \n\nof analysis is presented in both formal and non formal ways. The formal way \n\ntakes the form of tables of figures and words or verbal phrases while the non \n\nformal takes the form of narration \n\n 10", "start_char_idx": 20221, "end_char_idx": 22504, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "358f53d1-6cda-407c-88c2-8d85ac26a1b0": {"__data__": {"id_": "358f53d1-6cda-407c-88c2-8d85ac26a1b0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "46918458-7d83-4386-80a7-4111f12828a9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "8fa2cbe982467da7365d6c4d6991c1996788af699dcdbd32ee539f0f2a71f76f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6b8acd83-3c05-48ec-8184-49c2a9f5f704", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ff1428b9f079107696693480534c3b359c21dc9d0809bb90465f1a0e2613dd47", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "To answer the research questions, a cultural studies approach was applied \n\nto consider the problems more widely and comprehensively. The theory used \n\nincludes hegemony, deconstruction and postmodern feminism. The three theories \n\nare considered appropriate to unveil the hidden problem of PKK, that caused PKK \n\nto loose its strength and influence in its endeavor to struggle for changes related to \n\nfamily life especially women. \n\n Various factors influencing the introduction of PKK are political, \n\neconomical, social and cultural. The existence of PKK could not be separated \n\nfrom the competition of two political schools in power, i.e. communist and non-\n\ncommunist parties by the end of the Old Order reign in addition to macro political \n\nfactor related to politics of gender that led woman role as a mother and wife and \n\nmicro politics that defined the problem of women part of family basic necessity \n\nframe of thought. From the economic aspect, poverty suffered by most Indonesian \n\nsociety and the transformation from agrarian system into industrial one resulted in \n\nwork division, in which men were in public sector while womanin domestic sector \n\nso that womanremained in the routine of household life causing a domestication \n\nreflected in the foundation of womanorganization during the New Order era \n\nnamed PKK. Socially, the existence of KK could not be separated from the social \n\nmovement aiming at making changes and feminism movement to actualize \n\nwoman liberation/emancipation and gender equality although the demand was not \n\nemphasized since women emancipation and gender equality were considered \n\nachievable simultaneously through both family and social prosperity. Meanwhile, \n\nthe establishment of PKK was based on the Javanese cultural values that \n\nemphasized on patriarchal culture reflected in the 10 basic programs of PKK. The \n\nEconomic aspect is a dominant influencing aspect of PKK due to poverty. In its \n\ndevelopment the political aspect became more influential resulted from the \n\npoliticization of woman organization by setting up organization of wives \n\nincluding PKK. Power hegemony played important role in the formation of PKK. \n\nThis was indicated by the decree issued by the Minister of Home Affair, Mendagri \n\nNo. SUS/3/6/12 dated December 27, 1972. \n\n 11", "start_char_idx": 22509, "end_char_idx": 24818, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6b8acd83-3c05-48ec-8184-49c2a9f5f704": {"__data__": {"id_": "6b8acd83-3c05-48ec-8184-49c2a9f5f704", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "358f53d1-6cda-407c-88c2-8d85ac26a1b0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "628fff5472555f9bf61866f3e0f45d820233afb1b174c23ade6a5c085a3d6c53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "931ff3fe-8c18-4413-9cb8-2a9ece2cb04c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b6481702caeae0a2aaca59e0fcd669c2b778889bb0ad4e578d7c3b4221bfb37d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The institutional paradigm developed by PKK was top-down paradigm \n\nbased upon formal hierarchical structure from central level down regional level \n\nrepresented by the existence of patrons so that the main narration remained to \n\nhave had the opportunity to dominate policies and to exercise control on the \n\nprograms undertaken by the PKK. The educational paradigm led PKK to be \n\nresponsible for domestic sector, while maintenance paradigm made PKK\u2019s burden \n\nheavier due to its responsibility to the family.  Later a paradigm of empowerment \n\nwas developed in order that PKK would be able to empower families although in \n\nreality the power remained in control. In the level of education and maintenance \n\nparadigm, the power directly exercises hegemony, while on the empowerment \n\nparadigm a consciousness of the power to apply empowerment appears although \n\nin reality it is only limited to slogan that makes PKK remain as a static movement. \n\nDeconstruction on PKK institution needs to be carried out in order that PKK \n\ncould become an independent and empowered organization. \n\n The values of PKK related to gender equality and justice include harmony, \n\nsolidarity, justice, compatibility and equilibrium. The value of harmony indicates \n\nthat PKK becomes (1) an organization aiming at building a family harmony; and \n\n(2) an organization that leads womanto create harmonious family, that is, a \n\npeaceful and comfortable family. Solidarity reflects that PKK becomes (1) an \n\norganization that grows as a manifestation of solidarity to woman movement; (2) \n\nan organization that tries to improve woman pride and dignity. The value of \n\njustice indicates that PKK is (1) an organization the endeavors to realize justice \n\nwithin families and society; (2) an organization that tries to actualize gender \n\nequality, so that men and womanassume the same status and role in life since \n\nwomanhave been so far considered as the other (lyan) while men are self. The \n\nvalue of compatibility reflects that PKK becomes (1) an organization aiming at \n\ncreating ordered and peaceful condition in order to achieve spiritual and physical \n\npeace in the family; (2) an organization that is directed to the realization of good, \n\npolite and responsible attitude and behavior, obedient to social regulation and \n\nfinally free from hegemony, domination, subordination and marginalization of \n\nwomen. The value of equilibrium indicates that PKK is (1) an organization \n\n 12", "start_char_idx": 24823, "end_char_idx": 27287, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "931ff3fe-8c18-4413-9cb8-2a9ece2cb04c": {"__data__": {"id_": "931ff3fe-8c18-4413-9cb8-2a9ece2cb04c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3558", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "6bcdcd150dd1922d58f0dbfbeaf61ce5b288724d4aaeff03ec8313fe7ea0b59c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6b8acd83-3c05-48ec-8184-49c2a9f5f704", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "a072ca7959799a6c532bc8251d5ee28069a57a1e8ab1c1ea13133e160657c591", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ad7bef5c-bc84-4e06-91b8-576cc41f699e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c8b8976791f15d040d2305332428d566f9a6222a568d320d77932027640545c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "striving for equality in the family and society; (2) an organization that tries to \n\nrealize gender equality between men and womanin order to share the same status \n\nand role in life. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH NOVELTY \n\n The research novelty includes (1) that the paradigm of empowerment \n\ndeveloped by PKK indicates a change of organization toward an independent one \n\nalthough it is not optimal since the ruling power remains in control resulting in a \n\nhegemonic relationship between the power and PKK; (2) that existence of PKK \n\nprovides womanwith a forum for creativities within the corridor of ruling power \n\n(men); PKK in Malang has made efforts to achieve gender equality and justice \n\nwhich is reflected in the involvement of men in the organization management \n\nalthough their existence is not significantly influential on planning, actuating and \n\ncontrolling the organization programs since PKK is still oriented to top-down \n\npolicy.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\n It could be concluded that (1) the factors that influence the establishment \n\nare political, economical, social and cultural, (2) the institutional paradigm \n\ndeveloped by PKK is top-down paradigm and moves from the concepts of \n\neducation, maintenance and empowerment; (3) the value of PKK the related to the \n\nperspective of equality and justice, including solidarity, justice, compatibility and \n\nequilibrium. \n\n \nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \nBarker, C. 2004. Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktik. Terjemahan. Yogyakarta: \n\nKreasi Wacana.  \nDirektorat Jenderal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa (PMD) Departemen \n\nDalam Negeri. 2005. Hasil Rapat Kerja Nasional VI PKK. Jakarta. \nHadiz, L. 2004. Perempuan dalam Wacana Politik Orde Baru. Jakarta: Penerbit \n\nPustaka LP3ES. \nLubis, A.Y. 2006. Dekonstruksi Epistemologi Modern: dari Posmodernisme, \n\nTeori Kritis, Poskolonialisme Hingga Cultural Studies. Jakarta: Pustaka \nIndonesia Satu. \n\n 13\n\n\n\nMurniati, A.N.P. 2004. Getar Gender: Perempuan Indonesia dalam Perspektif \nAgama, Budaya dan Keluarga. Buku Kedua. Magelang: Indonesiatera. \n\nSimon, R. 2000. Gagasan-gagasan Politik Gramsci. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \nTong, R.P. 1999. Feminist Thought. Aquarini Priyatna Prabasmoro, terjemahan.  \n\nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \nWieringa, S. 1998. Kuntilanak Wangi: Organisasi-Organisasi Perempuan \n\nIndonesia Sesudah 1950. Terjemahan. Jakarta: Kalyanamitra. \n \n \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT  \n\n I would like to thank God for His blessing that has made me possible to \n\ncomplete my dissertation. My sincere thank also goes to Prof. Dr. I Gde \n\nParimartha M.A., as my promotor, Prof. Dr. Hj. Keppi Sukesi, M.S., as my co-\n\npromotor for their attention, patience and persistence to support and motivate me \n\nstarting from the period of proposal designing up to the completion of this \n\ndissertation. I would like to extend my thanks to various institutions that have \n\ngiven me scholarship through BPPS (P2T) of Udayana University and to the \n\nRector, Director of Postgraduate Program and staffs, the Head of Cultural Studies \n\nProgram and staffs. \n\n \n\n 14", "start_char_idx": 27291, "end_char_idx": 30318, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ad7bef5c-bc84-4e06-91b8-576cc41f699e": {"__data__": {"id_": "ad7bef5c-bc84-4e06-91b8-576cc41f699e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "931ff3fe-8c18-4413-9cb8-2a9ece2cb04c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3558", "author": "Handayani, Trisakti; Parimartha, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Gde; Sukesi, M.S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. Keppi; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan", "title": " PEMBERDAYAAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DI KOTA MALANG: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3558.pdf"}, "hash": "ace7120a1df2b9751d38c87e0987a5a83b9d3ddd154f5f7d725684d4dee57f23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "15a67d02-1524-472f-bd49-347566c6faa9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "09a504c46f300201c31cfbde0da03862794a9fb346a52e33e8b557eaeeced6b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "ABSTRAK \n\n\n 1\n\nPANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN  \nDI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA  \n\n \nSutamat Arybowo (s_arybowo@yahoo.com)  \nProf. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A. (Promotor)  \nDr. Pudentia MPSS, M.A. (Kopromotor I)  \n\nProf. Dr. I Made Suastika, M.A. (Kopromotor II)  \n \n \nABSTRAK  \n \n\nPenelitian ini membahas \u201cPanggung Bangsawan Studi Politik \nKebudayaan di Daerah Riau Lingga: Perspektif Kajian Budaya\u201d. Panggung \nBangsawan adalah teater rakyat yang pada masa Orde Lama memiliki kekuatan \nritual, lalu zaman Orde Baru hampir punah. Pemerintah Orde Baru merevitalisasi \nteater tersebut sebagai identitas budaya Melayu tetapi bukannya berkembang, \nmelainkan malah surut. Tujuan penelitian ini: mendeskripsikan proses munculnya \nPanggung Bangsawan, menjelaskan peran negara terhadap Panggung Bangsawan, \ndan menganalisis makna politik kebudayaan dalam kaitannya dengan identitas \nbudaya Melayu yang baru.    \n\nPenelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode kualitatif. Peneliti menggali \nbudaya dalam konteksnya dengan dunia nyata dan perspektif pelaku masyarakat \nseni. Tahap pertama, dilakukan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder. Tahap \nkedua, memilih teori untuk mengkaji data. Tahap ketiga, menganalisis dan \nmenginterpretasikan data yang telah diseleksi. Tahap keempat, melakukan \npenulisan dan konstruksi hasil penelitian. Teori yang digunakan: estetika, \nhegemoni, semiotika, dan dekonstruksi.  \n\nHasil penelitian: Pertama, proses munculnya Panggung Bangsawan, \nrealitasnya meliputi prapentas, peristiwa pentas, dan pascapentas. Pada masa \nprapentas dan pascapentas ini, muncul pertarungan wacana dengan berbagai \nkepentingan perorangan atau kelompok. Kedua, peran negara terhadap Panggung \nBangsawan, menumbuhkan hegemonisasi. Hegemoni tersebut berdampak pada \npergeseran isi cerita tentang kekuasaan. Pada zaman Orde Lama, sistem politik \nyang berlaku mengikuti pola mechanics of power, sedangkan zaman Orde Baru \nmengikuti pola poetics of power. Ketiga, makna politik kebudayaan dalam \nkaitannya dengan identitas budaya Melayu, bahwa setelah dilaksanakan \nRevitalisasi Budaya Melayu 2004, pemahaman alam Melayu bergeser, mulanya \nmemiliki batasan yang mengeras, sekarang batasan itu mencair. Identitas budaya \nMelayu yang baru bukan berdasarkan pada konvensi agama tertentu, melainkan \nlebih pluralistik.   \n \nKata kunci : panggung bangsawan, politik kebudayaan, alam Melayu.", "start_char_idx": 49, "end_char_idx": 2451, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "15a67d02-1524-472f-bd49-347566c6faa9": {"__data__": {"id_": "15a67d02-1524-472f-bd49-347566c6faa9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ad7bef5c-bc84-4e06-91b8-576cc41f699e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "39afc14c071b2c840b9db683953bfe07dcb0e0c8e3f0b04dd0e2e1ea1536262a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8a28d574-02bf-4be5-b7ce-4d2694535d6a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "54758d90e05022ee1f2fd2b0fe576423847d18e619b259d51f4a5b2c1b87a52e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\n\nPENDAHULUAN  \n\nDisertasi ini membicarakan \u201cPanggung Bangsawan Studi Politik \n\nKebudayaan di Daerah Riau Lingga: Perspektif Kajian Budaya\u201d. Dalam \n\nmemahami persoalan ini, diangkat realita lapangan bahwa secara empirik \n\npersoalan politik dalam alam Melayu ternyata mencerminkan desain \n\nkebudayaannya. Di daerah ini antara politik dengan kebudayaan memiliki \n\nkorelasi, bila disinergikan memiliki kekuatan laten untuk mencapai tujuan, baik \n\nberupa hegemonisasi maupun dominasi kebudayaan.  \n\nPanggung Bangsawan adalah teater rakyat yang mementaskan cerita \n\n\u201cbercorak istana\u201d. Pada dasarnya mengangkat masalah-masalah politik dalam \n\nbentuknya yang kreatif, namun tetap memiliki nilai seni, seperti tercermin dalam \n\nungkapan : \u201cRaja adil raja disembah, Raja lalim raja disanggah\u201d. Pada masa Orde \n\nLama teater ini merupakan kegiatan ritual dalam kehidupan masyarakat Riau \n\nLingga yang terdiri atas berbagai etnis dan berbeda latar belakang sosial-budaya. \n\nPada masa Orde Baru lebih bersifat revitalistik karena pentasnya dikaitkan dengan \n\nkebijakan mengenai pengembangan kebudayaan daerah. Pada periode ini \n\npementasan Panggung Bangsawan mengalami Melayunisasi sebagai karakteristik \n\nkebudayaan daerah, sehingga kekuatan ritualnya tidak tampak lagi dan berubah \n\nmenjadi artifisial. Sesudah dilakukan revitalisasi bukannya berkembang, \n\nmelainkan malah surut dan cenderung terjadi polarisasi kesenian berdasarkan \n\netnik.  \n\n \n\nSecara umum tujuan penelitian ini membahas Panggung Bangsawan dan \n\nkaitannya dengan politik kebudayaan yang berkembang di daerah Riau Lingga. \n\nHal ini mengingat suatu  politik \u201cnegara\u201d tidak dapat dilepaskan dari budaya yang \n\nmendukungnya, sehingga seringkali konsep-konsep budaya terekspresikan dalam \n\nkeseniannya atau seni pertunjukan yang bersangkutan, baik berupa musiknya, \n\ntariannya, nyanyiannya, maupun ceritanya. Oleh karena itu, dengan mempelajari \n\nPanggung Bangsawan di daerah Riau Lingga dapat dipahami baik pada masa lalu, \n\nrelevansinya masa sekarang, dan sejauh mana pentingnya untuk masa depan. \n\nSecara khusus tujuan penelitian ini: pertama, mendeskripsikan proses \n\nmunculnya Panggung Bangsawan dalam masyarakat Riau Lingga; kedua,", "start_char_idx": 2472, "end_char_idx": 4664, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8a28d574-02bf-4be5-b7ce-4d2694535d6a": {"__data__": {"id_": "8a28d574-02bf-4be5-b7ce-4d2694535d6a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "15a67d02-1524-472f-bd49-347566c6faa9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "47420525a8e2930a87c6690b7af10bb73ca3dc84a1621f913aeda29380894da0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a9176e42-c919-4c9e-a7ed-d5a411611850", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "57fe18b5f8dd764fdaaae9127d7ee1c8bdab2757e4cb9c368efd8d66619e03fa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\nmenjelaskan peran negara terhadap Panggung Bangsawan dalam kaitannya \n\ndengan eksistensi budaya Melayu; ketiga, menganalisis dan memahami makna \n\npolitik kebudayaan dalam kaitannya dengan identitas budaya Melayu yang baru.   \n\nManfaat akademik penelitian ini adalah dapat memberikan kerangka \n\npemikiran yang lebih jelas mengenai dinamika masyarakat Riau Lingga dan \n\nkebudayaannya. Mengingat letak geografi daerah Riau Lingga yang amat terbuka, \n\nmudah sekali para migran berhenti di sini, sehingga daerah ini menjadi tempat \n\npertemuan beraneka ragam budaya sebagaimana tampak dalam cerita Panggung \n\nBangsawan. Dalam kaitannya dengan politik, daerah ini mudah menjadi \n\npertarungan kekuasaan (power struggle) antara berbagai kepentingan dan berbagai \n\nkonstruksi wacana kebudayaan. Jadi hasil penelitian ini juga bisa memahami \n\nmakna politik kebudayaan yang hegemonik dalam konteks masyarakat plural.  \n\nSelain itu, hasil penelitian ini bisa menyusun konfigurasi kebudayaan \n\nMelayu yang mencair dan pluralistik sebagai akibat dari pengaruh pertemuan \n\nkebudayaan (cultural encounter), juga merupakan konsekuensi tingkat mobilitas \n\npenduduk sejak zaman kolonial, postkolonial, modern, dan postmodern sekarang \n\nini. Selanjutnya hasil temuan penelitian ini bisa memberikan sumbangan \n\npemikiran baru mengenai \u201crevitalisasi kebudayaan\u201d, serta sumbangannya untuk \n\npengembangan kajian budaya, studi perbatasan budaya, dan studi seni \n\npertunjukan.  \n\n \n\nMATERI DAN DISKUSI  \n\n \n\nPenelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode kualitatif yang menggambarkan \n\nkehidupan Panggung Bangsawan dalam kaitannya dengan dinamika masyarakat \n\nRiau Lingga dan kebudayaannya. Di sini digali fenomena budaya dalam \n\nkonteksnya dengan dunia nyata dan perspektif pelaku kehidupan masyarakat seni \n\nyang melatarbelakanginya. Tahap pertama, dilakukan pengumpulan data baik \n\nprimer maupun sekunder. Tahap kedua, memilih teori yang digunakan untuk \n\nmengkaji data. Tahap ketiga, menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan data yang \n\ntelah diseleksi. Tahap keempat, melakukan penulisan dan konstruksi dari", "start_char_idx": 4676, "end_char_idx": 6756, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a9176e42-c919-4c9e-a7ed-d5a411611850": {"__data__": {"id_": "a9176e42-c919-4c9e-a7ed-d5a411611850", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8a28d574-02bf-4be5-b7ce-4d2694535d6a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "e41608d03dd49fdb9061e8c0309f08fea58c5024ba7d8c69c6664838f19f92cb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8b48e977-86d5-4832-b97b-2c1ccf963825", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d8af209821fd5beedc45be067ba1f8d6490b9b182466e0a9ab919307ec7e237a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nseluruh hasil penelitian. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan teori estetika, \n\nteori hegemoni, teori semiotika, dan teori dekonstruksi.  \n\nUntuk mengetahui hasil penelitian ini dapat dipaparkan seperti berikut : \n\nPertama, dari analisis proses munculnya Panggung Bangsawan dalam masyarakat \n\nRiau Lingga, realitasnya meliputi prapentas, peristiwa pentas, dan pascapentas. \n\nPada masa prapentas dan pascapentas ini menyisakan banyak permasalahan, \n\nsehingga muncul pertarungan wacana dengan berbagai kepentingan perorangan \n\natau kelompok. Kebudayaan Melayu di daerah Riau Lingga sebagaimana \n\ntercermin dalam Panggung Bangsawan adalah kebudayaan maritim. Suatu \n\nkehidupan tradisi maritim ini telah menjadi peribahasa penduduknya, bahwa \u201cJika \n\ntakut terlambung ombak, jangan berumah di tepi pantai\u201d dan sebagai kodrat alami, \n\npenduduknya memiliki ungkapan \u201cHidup bergantung belas kasihan ombak \n\nmenepuk di karang\u201d. Maka sesungguhnya tidak ada hal yang lebih penting bagi \n\norang Melayu di daerah Riau Lingga, kecuali \u201cpantai\u201d.     \n\nKedua, dari analisis peran negara terhadap Panggung Bangsawan, \n\nrealitasnya menumbuhkan hegemonisasi. Sejak \u201cPertemuan Budaya Melayu\u201d \n\ntahun 1985 di Pekanbaru kemudian dilanjutkan di Tanjungpinang, ada konstruksi \n\nuntuk mengatur masyarakat Riau (Daratan dan Kepulauan) melalui pendefinisian \n\nkembali kebudayaan Melayu dengan kekuatan \u201cbahasa, adat-istiadat, dan agama \n\nIslam\u201d, sebagai daya tarik antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah. \n\nHegemoni tersebut berdampak pada pergeseran isi cerita tentang kekuasaan yang \n\ndipentaskan Panggung Bangsawan. Pada zaman Orde Lama (konfrontasi \n\nIndonesia-Malaysia), sistem politik yang berlaku adalah terang-terangan \n\nmengikuti pola mechanics of power, artinya kekuasaan itu dilakukan melalui \n\npenaklukan sepanjang sesuai dengan mekanismenya. Sedangkan cerita yang \n\ndipentaskan pada zaman Orde Baru lebih mencerminkan bahwa sistem politik \n\nyang berlaku menggunakan pola poetics of power, artinya model penaklukan itu \n\ndiubah dengan menonjolkan kemuliaan suatu kerajaan melalui simbol-simbol dan \n\npencitraan.  \n\n \n\nKetiga, dari analisis makna politik kebudayaan dalam kaitannya \n\ndengan identitas budaya Melayu, bahwa setelah dilaksanakan \u201cRevitalisasi", "start_char_idx": 6768, "end_char_idx": 9023, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8b48e977-86d5-4832-b97b-2c1ccf963825": {"__data__": {"id_": "8b48e977-86d5-4832-b97b-2c1ccf963825", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a9176e42-c919-4c9e-a7ed-d5a411611850", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "6df9626fbec43723d76aa41631b151ef6970614ecd2002b448e116e3d7a1d918", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5ca58ff4-2dfe-4b73-9edd-26aa0b85153b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5ef06454970389f996ff43ab628b20a22a608b9e9a43c93aa732b2dbecd8519d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\nBudaya Melayu\u201d tahun 2004 di kota baru Senggarang, maka pemahaman \n\nmengenai alam Melayu mulai bergeser. Pada masa kebangkitan Melayu tahun \n\n1985 hingga awal Reformasi tahun 1998, alam Melayu memiliki batasan yang \n\nmasih mengeras, bahwa Melayu identik dengan Islam. Sekarang batasan itu mulai \n\nmencair, bahwa Melayu telah menerima kebudayaan yang bukan Islam seperti \n\nkebudayaan Cina, Orang Laut, Orang Matang, dan sebagainya. Selanjutnya \n\nkebudayaan Melayu menjadi terbuka, dinamis, religius, dan mengandung \n\nkearifan.  \n\n \n\nTEMUAN BARU PENELITIAN   \n\n Temuan baru dalam penelitian ini: 1). Munculnya Panggung Bangsawan \n\npada masa lalu didukung oleh toke tradisional sebagai patron yang kuat. Pada \n\nmasa kini, pementasannya disponsori oleh pemerintah dan LSM yang masih \n\nterbatas untuk kepentingan festival-festival. Patron atau sponsor seperti dalam \n\nkepanitiaan tersebut lebih bersifat instan, sehingga setelah kepanitiaan festival \n\nselesai, biasanya jarang terdapat pementasan. 2). Dalam pementasan Panggung \n\nBangsawan, masyarakat Melayu yang tinggal di daerah Riau Lingga maupun di \n\nSemenanjung Malaysia sesungguhnya memiliki unsur kesejarahan yang sama. \n\nDengan keterlibatan peran negara dalam pertunjukan, dewasa ini unsur \n\nkesejarahan itu kurang mendapat perhatian, sehingga suatu saat secara laten \n\nterjadi konfrontasi dan klaim-mengklaim mengenai kepemilikan khazanah \n\nbudaya. 3). Dari masa ke masa identitas budaya Melayu tampaknya dijadikan tarik \n\nmenarik yang melibatkan relasi pertarungan kekuasaan untuk kepentingan politik \n\nsesaat, khususnya di daerah Riau Lingga menjadi kontestasi untuk proses \n\nlegitimasi dalam membangun kebudayaan daerah.   \n\n \n\nSIMPULAN PENELITIAN  \n\n \n\nSimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagaimana terekspresikan dalam cerita \n\nPanggung Bangsawan dan konteksnya dengan politik kebudayaan dewasa ini, \n\nbahwa  identitas budaya Melayu yang baru bukan lagi berdasarkan pada \n\nkonvensi agama Islam, melainkan lebih mencair dan pluralistik. Fenomena ini", "start_char_idx": 9035, "end_char_idx": 11043, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5ca58ff4-2dfe-4b73-9edd-26aa0b85153b": {"__data__": {"id_": "5ca58ff4-2dfe-4b73-9edd-26aa0b85153b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8b48e977-86d5-4832-b97b-2c1ccf963825", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "4f7915802de81ee467a0b63a8e7ce55dc7edbf2abbafbee155855f3cf2ce238b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4cce9b50-b31e-474c-a362-b981645e971b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "76507fc017fc09fc0a14d5d8baca631d6ea3b3ca413342218d42da56196c04bc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\nterjadi karena elite Melayu di daerah Kepulauan ingin membangun provinsi \n\nsendiri, sehingga dalam merepresentasikan kebudayaannya mereka mengambil \n\nsimpatik dari masyarakat non-Muslim yang tinggal secara turun-temurun di \n\ndaerah ini, seperti etnik Cina, Orang Laut, Orang Matang, Orang Batak, Orang \n\nFlores, dan sebagainya untuk mendukung terwujudnya provinsi tersebut.   \n\n \n\nDAFTAR PUSTAKA  \n\nAbdullah, Irwan. 2006. Konstruksi dan Reproduksi Kebudayaan. Yoyakarta : \nPustaka Pelajar.  \n\nAndaya, Leonard Y. 1975. The Kingdom of Johor 1641-1728. Kuala Lumpur : \nOxford University Press.  \n\nBarker, C. 2004. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Kreasi \nWacana.  \n\nBudisantoso, S., dkk., editor. 1986. Masyarakat Melayu Riau dan kebudayaannya. \nPekanbaru : Pemda Tk. I Riau.  \n\nBujang, Rahmah. 1975. Sejarah Perkembangan Drama Bangsawan di Tanah \nMelayu dan Singapura. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka \nKementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.  \n\nGeertz, Clifford. 2000. Negara Teater. Yogyakarta : Yayasan Bentang Budaya.  \nTan Sooi Beng. 1993. Bangsawan: A Social and Stylistic History of Popular \n\nMalay Opera. Singapore : Oxford University Press.  \n \n\nUCAPAN TERIMA KASIH  \n\n Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada yang \n\nterhormat Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., selaku promotor, Dr. Pudentia MPSS, \n\nM.A., selaku kopromotor I, dan Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, M.A., selaku \n\nkopromotor II, yang dengan penuh perhatian telah memberikan dorongan, \n\nsemangat, dan bimbingan mulai penyusunan proposal hingga selesainya disertasi \n\nini. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada The Ford Foundation yang \n\ntelah memberikan bantuan biaya studi melalui Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan di Jakarta, \n\nserta kepada Rektor Universitas Udayana, Direktur Pascasarjana beserta staf, dan \n\nKetua Program Pendidikan Doktor Kajian Budaya beserta staf.", "start_char_idx": 11055, "end_char_idx": 12923, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4cce9b50-b31e-474c-a362-b981645e971b": {"__data__": {"id_": "4cce9b50-b31e-474c-a362-b981645e971b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5ca58ff4-2dfe-4b73-9edd-26aa0b85153b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "893c3d24e377e6f0ee8245d7959092c1cd22e0d56094eb26579cc129617eb904", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0d4d9ee5-1a12-479b-8b9d-a01125c6daef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "91075553bda179790111ae96ef9f99973bbb7a6f4381ef2522352defc41bae00", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\n\nPANGGUNG BANGSAWAN , A STUDY ON CULTURAL POLITICS  \nIN RIAU LINGGA FROM CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE  \n\n \nSutamat Arybowo (s_arybowo@yahoo.com)  \nProf. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A. (Promotor)  \nDr. Pudentia MPSS, M.A. (copromotor I)  \n\nProf. Dr. I Made Suastika, M.A. (copromotor II)  \n \n \nABSTRACT  \n \nThis research entitles \u201cPanggung Bangsawan,  A Study on  Cultural Politics in \nRiau Lingga from Cultural Studies Perspective.\u201d Panggung Bangsawan is a folk \ntheater that during the Old Order had a ritual significance, but almost disapperared \nduring the New Order era. The New Order government tried to revitalize the \ntheater as a cultural identity but unfortunately instead of growing it turned out to \ndecline. The research aims at describing the process how Panggung Bangsawan \ncame into existence; pointing out the government role in Panggung Bangsawan, \nand analysing the significance  of cultural politics in relation to the new Malay \ncultural identity.  \n\nThe project was carried out using a qualitative method to uncover a \ncultural trait in its context to the real world and art performer perspective. Firstly, \nprimary and secondary data collection was done. Secondly, the theory applied to \nstudy the available data was determined. The third stage includes the analysis and \ninterpretation of the selected data. The last stage comprises the presentation and \nconstruction of research findings. The theory applied in the study includes \naesthetics, hegemony, semiotics, and deconstruction. \n\nThe result indicates that, in the first place, the emergence of Panggung \nBangsawan chronologically includes preperforming process, performing events, \nand post performing process. During preperforming and post performing \nprocesses, there have been discoursal conflicts between different personal and \ngroup interests. Secondly, the role of state in Panggung Bangsawan creates \nhegemony. The hegemony brings about a shift on the content of story related to \npower. During the Old Order era the political system adopted mechanics of power \npattern while during the New Order it followed poetics of power. Thirdly, the \nsignificance of cultural politics in relation to Malay cultural identity is indicated in \nthe fact that after the 2004 Malay Cultural Revitalization, the understanding of \nMalay landscape shifted from a solid concept into a liquid one. The new Maly \ncultural identity is no longer based upon certain religious convention but becomes \nrather  more pluralitic. \n \n \nKey words: panggung bangsawan, cultural politics, Malay landscape.", "start_char_idx": 12939, "end_char_idx": 15494, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0d4d9ee5-1a12-479b-8b9d-a01125c6daef": {"__data__": {"id_": "0d4d9ee5-1a12-479b-8b9d-a01125c6daef", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4cce9b50-b31e-474c-a362-b981645e971b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "f754e98c97fa92d9d0025130188d83fb28d262e0b62a1abd896bd3449d679377", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9a0be159-052a-452c-a002-dca50ad836d8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0e93ed6fdbca7c23934d5ad4b2c5953e44a65b6a98d9458b718bc56dd82cfd24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8\n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nThis dissertation discusses \u201cPanggung Bangsawan, a Study on Cultural \n\nPolitics in Riau Lingga: Cultural Studies Perspective\u201d. Empirically, the problem \n\nof politics in Malay lanscape turns out to reflect its cultural design. In this region \n\nthere seems to be a correlation between politics and culture and if they are \n\nsynergized they would have a laten power to achieve its goals, both cultural \n\nhegemony and domination.    \n\nPanggung Bangsawan is a folk theater performing \u201ccourt style\u201d story. \n\nPrincipally, it usually raises political issues in creative forms, but still maintains \n\nits art value, as reflected in the expression: \u201cRaja adil raja disembah, Raja lalim \n\nraja disanggah\u201d meaning \u2018wise king is the worshiped king, while tyrannical king \n\nis the opposed one\u2019. During the Old Order era the theater was part of a religious \n\nritual in the social life of Riau Lingga society that consist of different ethnics and \n\nsocio-cultural background. In the New Order era it seemed to be more revitalized \n\nsince the performance was linked to the policy of developing regional culture. \n\nDuring this period the performance of Panggung Bangsawan underwent \n\nMalaynization as a regional cultural characteristic so that its ritual power was no \n\nlonger apparent and became artificial. The revitalization efforts didn\u2019t result in a \n\ndevelopment but instead it tended to decline and turned to create art polarization \n\nbased upon ethnicity. \n\n \n\nIn general the aims of the study is to discuss Panggung Bangsawan and its \n\nrelation to cultural politics developing in Riau Lingga. It is due to the fact that \n\n\u201cstate\u201d politics could not be seperated from the supporting culture so that cultural \n\nconcepts are frequently expressed in its art or performing art concerned in the \n\nforms of music, dances, songs, as well as the stories. And by studying Panggung \n\nBangsawan in Riau Lingga its past significance and its relevance to the present \n\nera could be understood. Specifically the study is aimed at: firstly, describing the \n\nintroduction process of Panggung Bangsawan in Riau Lingga community; \n\nsecondly, explaining the role of the state toward Panggung Bangsawan in its \n\nrelation to the existence of Malay culture; and thirdly, analysing and \n\nunderstanding the significance of cultural politics in relation to the new", "start_char_idx": 15509, "end_char_idx": 17855, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9a0be159-052a-452c-a002-dca50ad836d8": {"__data__": {"id_": "9a0be159-052a-452c-a002-dca50ad836d8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0d4d9ee5-1a12-479b-8b9d-a01125c6daef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "c8c334c7dcae1eda6e176e596d4d8e3379291168040357ecda90e4e42741a305", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0eb91290-89bf-4495-ba40-b32ea04f2a48", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "49ce3082f5ff85238d7fd2ef9555a2ed73ce89730d2858f1fcf9cb958fb54d46", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "9\n\nMalay cultural identity.   \n\nThe academic significance of the study is that it could provide a clearer \n\nframework of thought concerning the dynamics of Riau Lingga society and its \n\nculture. Referring to the open geographical location of Riau Lingga region, it is \n\neasy for the migrants to stop here so that the region becomes the meeting place for \n\ndifferent cultures as they are reflected in the story of Panggung Bangsawan. In \n\nterm of politics, the territory is liable to become a place for power struggle \n\nbetween different interets and different cultural discourse contructions. So the \n\nresult of study could also comprehend the meaning of hegemonic cultural politics \n\nin terms of plural society. \n\nBesides, the result of study could design the melting and pluralistic Malay \n\ncultural configuration resulting from the influence of cultural encoounter in \n\naddition to the logical consequency of  the level of population mobility since \n\ncolonial, postcolonial, modern, and present postmodern periods. The result of \n\nstudy could further contribute new outlook concerning \u201ccultural revitalization\u201d to  \n\ncultural studies development, study on cultural border, and study on performing \n\nart. \n\n \n\nMATERIALS AND DISCUSSION  \n\nThe research was done using qualitative method that described the \n\nexistence of Panggung Bangsawan  in relation to the dynamics of Riau Lingga \n\nsociety and its culture. The  study is focussed on cultural phenomenon  in its \n\nrelation to real life and the perspective of art performers. The first stage was \n\nprimary and secondary data collection.  Secondly, the theory applied to study the \n\navailable data was determined. The third stage includes the analysis and \n\ninterpretation of the selected data. The last stage comprises the presentation and \n\nconstruction of research findings. And the theory applied in the study includes \n\naesthetics, hegemony, semiotics, and deconstruction. \n\n \n\nThe result indicates that, in the first place, the emergence of Panggung \n\nBangsawan chronologically includes preperforming process, performing \n\nevents, and post performing process. During preperforming and post", "start_char_idx": 17867, "end_char_idx": 20013, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0eb91290-89bf-4495-ba40-b32ea04f2a48": {"__data__": {"id_": "0eb91290-89bf-4495-ba40-b32ea04f2a48", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9a0be159-052a-452c-a002-dca50ad836d8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "af7cedd0da3016f7c41f9ae3a8583776492881def79329042ca2fa7f7d951089", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9d93c541-2e21-4107-b78b-43443f5d22c1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4c7761a1b2e2faef85274849f629ad4c2a54792400d69f356fd80b7f3c9f42e1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "10\n\nperforming processes, there have been many issues left behind resulting in \n\ndiscoursal conflicts between different personal and group interests. Malay culture \n\nin Riau Lingga as reflected in Panggung Bangsawan  is maritim culture. This \n\nmaritim tradition has become the local\u2019s expression \u201cJika takut terlambung \n\nombak, jangan berumah di tepi pantai\u201d meaning \u2018If you are afraid of being \n\ncarried out by the wave, do not live near the beach\u2019 and as the natural \n\nconsequency the people have also an expression  \u201cHidup bergantung belas kasihan \n\nombak menepuk di karang\u201d meaning \u2018your life depends on the rushing wave to \n\nthe clift\u2019. So there is nothing more important than \u2018the beach\u2019 to the Malay people \n\nin Riau Lingga region.   \n\nSecondly, the role of state on Panggung Bangsawan in reality creates \n\nhegemony. Since \u201cPertemuan Budaya Melayu\u201d in 1985 in Pakanbaru and later \n\ncontinued in Tanjungpinang, there was a construction to arrange Riau community \n\n(Daratan and Kepulauan) through redefinition of Malay culture by the power of \u201c \n\nlanguage, customs, and Islam\u201d, as the attracting power between the central \n\ngovernment and regional government. The hegemony resulted in a shift of content \n\non the story concerning power performed in Panggung Bangsawan. During the \n\nOld Order era (Indonesia-Malay confrontation) the political system adopted \n\nmechanics of power pattern in the sense that the power was carried out through \n\nsubjection as long as conforming to the ruling mechanism,  while during the New \n\nOrder the story performed reflects that the existing political system adopted \n\npoetics of power in the sense that subjection model was changed by emphasizing \n\nthe magnificence of a kingdom through symbols and images.         \n\n \n\nThirdly, from the analysis on the significance of cultural politics in \n\nrelation to Malay cultural identity,  after the 2004 Malay Cultural Revitalization in \n\nSenggarang, the understanding of Malay landscape began to shift. On the Malay \n\nawakening period in 1985 up to the beginning of Reformation in 1998, the Malay \n\nlandscape had a solid concept that Malay was identical with Islam. But now this \n\nconcept began to melt, that Malay has accomodated non-Moslem culture like \n\nChinese, Sea People, Matang People, and others. And then the Malay culture \n\nbecomes widely open, dynamic, religious and full of wisdom.", "start_char_idx": 20025, "end_char_idx": 22400, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9d93c541-2e21-4107-b78b-43443f5d22c1": {"__data__": {"id_": "9d93c541-2e21-4107-b78b-43443f5d22c1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3565", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "a5f506da43d5c041c9d0ff377306172c8a3f6cc80353497eec489d4059191ccd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0eb91290-89bf-4495-ba40-b32ea04f2a48", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "7769622a92b529a4756afb21cb9e93c146ffaa92a730f1bfc1d1eded190d9c31", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "537f9a14-e202-42f1-9d5a-055a0e5872c8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "edda9fd0ee9e55711cefd13844e45c07c4ef5ad50ade23a52d5d496746267e43", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "11\n\n \n\nRESEARCH NOVELTY  \n\n The research novelty includes: 1) the existence of Panggung Bangsawan  \n\nwas supported by traditional bosses as the strong patron.  Currently, the \n\nperformance is sponsored by the government and NGO limited only for festival \n\npurposes. Patron and sponsor like in the committee tended to be more instant so \n\nthat certain festivals  are seldom be followed by other performances; 2). In \n\nPanggung Bangsawan performance Malay community living in Riau Lingga and \n\nSemenanjung Malaysia actually share the same historical element. Due to the \n\ninvolvement of the state in the performance, the historical element nowadays \n\ndeserved less attention so that laten confrontation may rise claiming for the \n\nownership of cultural heritage; 3). From time to time, Malay cultural identity \n\nseems to have become  a battle of different interest groups for temporary political \n\ninterest, especially in Riau Lingga that becomes a contest to legitimate the process \n\nof  building regional culture.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nAs reflected in the story of Panggung Bangsawan and its context to \n\npresent cultural politics, the new Malay cultural identity is no longer based upon \n\nIslam but rather becomes more liquid and pluralitic.This phenomenon is made \n\npossible by the fact that Malay elite in Kepulauan region wanted to set up their \n\nown province, so that in presenting their culture they took sympathy from non-\n\nMoslem community who lived  from generation to generation in this region, such \n\nas Chinese ethnic, Orang Laut (\u2018Sea People\u2019), Matang people, Batakese, Flores \n\npeople and others to support the realization of the new province.    \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAbdullah, Irwan. 2006. Konstruksi dan Reproduksi Kebudayaan. Yoyakarta : \nPustaka Pelajar.  \n\nAndaya, Leonard Y. 1975. The Kingdom of Johor 1641-1728. Kuala Lumpur : \n\n Barker, C. 2004. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Kreasi \nOxford University Press.  \n\nWacana.  \n\n  \n \n\n\n\n 12\n\nBudisantoso, S., dkk., editor. 1986. Masyarakat Melayu Riau dan kebudayaannya. \nPekanbaru : Pemda Tk. I Riau.  \n\nBujang, Rahmah. 1975. Sejarah Perkembangan Drama Bangsawan di Tanah \nMelayu dan Singapura. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka \nKementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.  \n\nGeertz, Clifford. 2000. Negara Teater. Yogyakarta : Yayasan Bentang Budaya.  \nTan Sooi Beng. 1993. Bangsawan: A Social and Stylistic History of Popular \n\nMalay Opera. Singapore : Oxford University Press.  \n \n\nACKNOWLEDMENT \n\n In this special occasion, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, \n\nM.A., as my promotor, Dr. Pudentia MPSS, M.A., as my copromotor I, and  Prof. \n\nDr. I Made Suastika, M.A., as my copromotor II, who have patiently given me full \n\nsupport, courage and guidance starting from proposal designing up to the \n\ncompletion of this dissertation. I also want to extend my thanks to The Ford \n\nFoundation that has provided me with financial aid for my study through Asosiasi \n\nTradisi Lisan in Jakarta,  as well as the Rector of Udayana University, Director of \n\nPostgraduate Program and staffs and the Head of Program Pendidikan Doktor \n\nKajian Budaya and staff.", "start_char_idx": 22414, "end_char_idx": 25555, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "537f9a14-e202-42f1-9d5a-055a0e5872c8": {"__data__": {"id_": "537f9a14-e202-42f1-9d5a-055a0e5872c8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9d93c541-2e21-4107-b78b-43443f5d22c1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3565", "author": "Arybowo, Sutamat; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; MPSS, M.A., Dr. Pudentia; Suastika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PANGGUNG BANGSAWAN STUDI POLITIK KEBUDAYAAN DI DAERAH RIAU LINGGA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3565.pdf"}, "hash": "781150216506e1ff0e22f868c3083dc5ad9fa867e61ef4745d55d8437df848a5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cba23439-33fb-4a1d-95b6-45ded6100e8f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2f2c70064d6b98a042ea952d67bf5d1d5e0935b15219c72d24cb378c486550fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "THE YOUTH\u2019S ATTITUDE TO FREE SEX IN NEGARA CITY:\n\n\nSIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS \nDI KOTA NEGARA: \n\nPERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA \n \n\nI Wayan Rasmen Adikusuma (mahasiswa). \nProf. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, MS (Promotor). \n\nProf. Dr. dr. Alex Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And (Kopromotor I). \nProf. Dr. I Nyoman Sirtha, SH., MS (Kopromotor II). \n\nProgram Pendidikan Doktor (S3) Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana, Jalan Nias 13 \nDenpasar-Bali \n\n \nABSTRAK \n\n \nSeks merupakan salah satu kenikmatan hidup yang paling kontroversial. Seks  \n\nmempunyai makna yang luas berdimensi biologis, psikologis, dan sosiokultural. Seks  \nselalu menarik untuk diwacanakan dan dipraktekkan, tapi selalu menimbulkan \nkontradiksi di masyarakat. Sementara itu kasus-kasus akibat seks bebas terus muncul. \nRemaja merupakan usia yang paling rentan terkena masalah  seksual. Seks bebas \nmenurut pendapat remaja adalah hubungan seks antara dua individu tanpa ikatan \nperkawinan. Pendapat yang paling ekstrim menganggap semua aktivitas seksual \napabila pikiran mengarah ke hubungan seks merupakan seks bebas. Sebanyak 88,33% \nresponden mengatakan ingin melakukan hubungan seks tapi takut resiko. Sebanyak \n26,26% responden mengatakan bahwa cara terbaik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan seks \nadalah hubungan seks. Akan tetapi semua responden (100%) berpendapat bahwa \nhubungan seks pada masa remaja hendaknya dihindari. Sebanyak 5,00% responden \nsetuju dengan aborsi, sebanyak 36,66% responden setuju memberikan toleransi \nkepada kaum homoseks/lesbian, dan sebanyak 1,67% responden tidak setuju dengan   \nhukuman berat bagi pemerkosa. Makna yang dapat dikemukakan adalah bahwa semua \nresponden masih dapat mengendalikan diri untuk tidak melakukan hubungan seks. \nPerjuangan kaum wanita dan kaum homoseks/lesbian untuk menuntut kesetaraan \ngender sudah mendapatkan simpati di kalangan sebagian responden. \n \nKata kunci: Sikap remaja, Seks bebas, Makna. \n\n \n\nPENDAHULUAN \n\nSeks merupakan salah satu kenikmatan hidup yang paling kontroversial, tapi \n\nselalu menarik untuk diwacanakan maupun dipraktekkan sepanjang masa. Oleh  \n\nkarena itu seks selalu menjadi perdebatan. Namun setiap perdebatan selalu merembes \n\nkepada unsur negatif dari  seks itu sendiri yaitu seks bebas. Sejarah menunjukkan \n\nbahwa pandangan mengenai seks adalah penuh kontroversial. Pada awal abad ke-17, \n\ndunia Barat moderm, dunia Kristen, seks sangat tertutup. Victorianisme menabukan \n\nseks, terjadi represi seks secara umum dan diskursus seks secara khusus. Seks hanya \n\nboleh untuk  tujuan prokreatif. Akan tetapi ternyata  kontra produktif oleh karena \n\ndiskursus seksual ilegal merebak. Hal ini berbeda dengan pada zaman Yunani kuno di", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 2710, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cba23439-33fb-4a1d-95b6-45ded6100e8f": {"__data__": {"id_": "cba23439-33fb-4a1d-95b6-45ded6100e8f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "537f9a14-e202-42f1-9d5a-055a0e5872c8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "ff627ce7c60a02361c63f2e98c003f7109164319dd503bdd6c921277d11e75c6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5347278b-0359-46d2-b3c0-475b128b985a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "111160ff67ccec6e3adc9eaa39187786b5cca6cb593de3031a3bd19699d6f523", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "mana seks bertujuan prokreatif  dan rekreatif. Sebagai akibatnya banyak terjadi \n\nkekerasan seksual (Ritzer, 2004). \n\nPada zaman berikutnya bahwa perilaku seksual dipengaruhi oleh sistem \n\nekonomi kapitalisme   global, ditandai dengan adanya komodifikasi tubuh  dan \n\nkomodifikasi hawa nafsu. Nilai estetik diabaikan, dan  pornokitch  lebih ditonjolkan  \n\n(Piliang, 2004). Hal ini membawa perubahan pada masyarakat Bali, terjadi \n\npenyimpangan-penyimpangan sosial, yang mengarah kepada disfungsi struktur sosial \n\nmasyarakat Bali. Pornografi merebak, baik lewat media cetak maupun media \n\nelektronik. Para remaja mudah terjerumus melakukan seks bebas, dengan berbagai \n\ndampaknya seperti kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan (KTD) dan penyakit menular \n\nseksual. Munculnya joged bungbung porno di Buleleng tidak lepas dari pengaruh \n\nsistem ekonomi kapitalisme global, yang ternyata mendapat sambutan yang luar biasa \n\ndari konsumennya (Atmadja, 2005). Munculnya perilaku seks bebas, dan penggunaan \n\nnarkotika serta obat berbahaya lainnya tidak lepas dari ekses negatif pariwisata. \n\nPenelitian-penelitian tentang persepsi, sikap, dan perilaku seksual sudah \n\nbanyak dilakukan baik di tingkat nasional, propinsi, maupun kabupaten. Hasilnya \n\nmenunjukkan bahwa perilaku seks bebas dikalangan remaja cenderung meningkat \n\ndari tahun ke tahun.  \n\nDi Kabupaten Jembrana (dengan ibu kotanya Negara) ada banyak kasus \n\nkekerasan/pelecehan seksual yang mencuat ke media masa antara lain: \n\nhomoseksualisme/lesbianisme, perselingkuhan, perkosaan, fedofilia, bunuh diri, \n\npenganiayaan sampai meninggal dengan motif seksual, serta sejumlah  anak drop out \n\ndari sekolah oleh karena hamil. Namun yang paling mengejutkan adalah bahwa pada \n\ntahun 2005  ditemukan 27 kasus HIV/AIDS  yang mana sebelumnya tidak ada laporan \n\nkasus. Hal ini dipandang sebagai fenomena gunung es, di mana kasus sebenarnya di \n\nmasyarakat lebih banyak lagi. \n\nAdanya persepsi yang berbeda-beda mengenai seks akan menyebabkan sikap \n\nyang berbeda-beda terhadap seks itu sendiri, yang selanjutnya mempengaruhi perilaku \n\nseksualnya. Dampak negatif seks bebas tidak dapat dilepaskan dari sikap individu \n\ntersebut terhadap seks bebas. Permasalahan dapat dirumuskan menjadi: \n\n\u201cBagaimanakah sikap remaja terhadap seks bebas di kota Negara? Faktor apakah \n\nyang mempengaruhi, serta apa dampak dan maknanya?\u201d Manfaat penelitian dari segi \n\npraktis dapat dipakai sebagai sumbangan pemikiran bagi penentu kebijakan terutama \n\nbagi  Pemerintah Kabupaten Jembrana.", "start_char_idx": 2715, "end_char_idx": 5232, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5347278b-0359-46d2-b3c0-475b128b985a": {"__data__": {"id_": "5347278b-0359-46d2-b3c0-475b128b985a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cba23439-33fb-4a1d-95b6-45ded6100e8f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "88931e9e9da8916e829edaaada741cd5c2abb2892139fceb1f3f0efd41afa8f6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2dc77037-246f-4a77-b842-9ba6f7dffca6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f991003df68fa4b60ccf3ccf86bf4d04b1bbcc9529692e717027521bd624fa9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "MATERI DAN DISKUSI \n\n Sikap merupakan kecenderungan untuk berespon, baik secara positif maupun \n\nnegatif, terhadap orang, obyek atau situasi. Chaplin (dalam Ali, 2004) menyamakan \n\nsikap dengan pendirian. Atau secara lebih operasional pendirian identik dengan \n\npendapat. Sedangkan remaja menurut Hurlock (masih dalam Ali, 2004) adalah anak \n\ndengan usia masih duduk di bangku sekolah menengah. Dengan demikian sikap \n\nremaja di sini adalah pendapat dari siswa sekolah menengah, yang dapat digolongkan \n\natas lima katagori berdasarkan Skala Likert. Menurut Ramali (1987) bahwa seks \n\nbebas merupakan persetubuhan bebas dengan siapa saja. Secara lebih operasional seks \n\nbebas merupakan hubungan seks tanpa ada ikatan perkawinan. Kajian budaya \n\nmenurut Barker (2005) adalah studi kritis mengenai kehidupan manusia, \n\nmenggunakan pendekatan multi/interdisipliner, dan lebih menekankan pada metode-\n\nmetode ideografis dari pada  nomotetis. \n\nUntuk menjawab permasalahan yang telah dirumuskan akan menggunakan \n\nteori-teori yang relevan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif \n\ncross sectional  ditunjang dengan pendekatan yang bersifat kuantitatif, dengan \n\nparadigma multidisipliner dari aspek biologis, psikologis, dan sosial budaya. Lokasi \n\npenelitian adalah di Kota Negara Kabupaten Jembrana. Subyek penelitian adalah anak  \n\nkelas dua SMA atau yang sederajat. Besar sampel ditentukan secara quota 60 orang \n\nterdiri dari 30 orang pria dan 30 orang wanita. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi \n\nwawancara berstruktur, wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik \n\nanalisis data berupa analisis kualitatif interpretatif dan analisis kuantitatif. Data \n\ndisajikan dalam bentuk diskriptif kualitatif (narasi), dan analisis kuantitatif.  \n\nSeks bebas menurut pendapat para responden adalah hubungan  seks antara \n\ndua individu tanpa ikatan perkawinan. Pendapat yang paling ekstrim menyatakan \n\nbahwa aktivitas apapun yang dilakukan asalkan pikiran mengarah ke hubungan seks \n\ntermasuk melanggar norma agama, yang dengan demikian termasuk seks bebas. \n\nSebanyak 73,33% responden mengatakan bahwa seks merupakan kebutuhan \n\ndasar manusia. Sebanyak 51,67% responden mengatakan bahwa hubungan seks \n\nmerupakan cara terbaik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan seks. Sebanyak 36,67% \n\nresponden mengatakan bahwa onani merupakan cara lain sebagai pengganti keinginan \n\nuntuk melakukan hubungan seks. Semua responden (100%) berpendapat bahwa \n\nhubungan seks pada masa remaja hendaknya dihindari. Hanya 16,67% responden", "start_char_idx": 5240, "end_char_idx": 7764, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2dc77037-246f-4a77-b842-9ba6f7dffca6": {"__data__": {"id_": "2dc77037-246f-4a77-b842-9ba6f7dffca6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5347278b-0359-46d2-b3c0-475b128b985a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "fb0e24f0f480934808c3cf6efcce1bfe050d06e0ab41b403c03d19ef018eba99", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6f552713-d2ae-468f-8f66-7f396193bda1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4b7f5f0915df32a7f3db78bba8bcc2fdca4add24a28af13faa9b64492190241d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "yang berpendapat bahwa onani tidak bertentangan dengan norma agama. Sebanyak \n\n50,00% responden berpendapat bahwa onani pada wanita adalah tidak lazim, dan \n\nkalau ketahuan dianggap wanita nakal/genit.  \n\nSebanyak 88,33% responden menyatakan bahwa mereka ingin sekali \n\nmelakukan hubungan seks, tapi takut resiko walaupun 88,33% responden mengaku \n\npernah pacaran. Sebanyak 5,00% responden setuju dengan aborsi. Sebanyak 36,66% \n\nresponden berpendapat bahwa kaum homoseks/lesbian perlu ditoleransi. Sebanyak \n\n1,67% responden berpendapat bahwa pemerkosa tidak perlu dihukum berat. \n\nSecara biologis, semua responden secara umum dalam keadaan sehat. Secara \n\npsikologis, semua responden mempunyai orientasi heteroseksual. Tidak ada yang \n\nmengkonsumsi obat-obatan yang tergolong narkoba. Pengetahuan tentang seksualitas \n\nmasih terbatas. Aktivitas seksual yang mereka lakukan tidak sampai melakukan \n\nhubungan seks oleh karena takut resiko, antara lain  adalah kehamilan, PMS, \n\nmelanggar norma agama dan hukum, serta gencarnya kontrol pemerintah. Pornografi \n\ndengan mudah diakses lewat media elektronik di mana 83,33% responden pernah \n\nmelihat film porno lewat HP.  Onani dianggap setara dengan berzinah. Masih ada \n\nkesan mitos. Komodifikasi tubuh dan hawa nafsu belum nampak berpengaruh. \n\n Dampak sikap remaja terhadap seks bebas di kalangan responden masih dalam \n\nkategori ringan masih berupa potensi, misalnya dengan merepresi dorongan seks \n\nberpotensi terjadi disfungsi seksual. Responden yang berpacaran berpotensi \n\nmelakukan hubungan seks.   \n\nSedangkan makna sikap remaja terhadap seks bebas, adalah bahwa semua \n\nresponden masih dapat mengendalikan diri untuk tidak melakukan hubungan seks. Di \n\nsamping itu perjuangan kaum wanita dan kaum homoseks/lesbian untuk mendapatkan \n\nkesetaraan gender ternyata sudah mendapatkan simpati, seperti halnya legalisasi \n\naborsi, dan toleransi terhadap homoseksualisme/lesbianisme. \n\n \n\nKESIMPULAN \n\nKesimpulannya bahwa sikap remaja terhadap seks bebas adalah bervariasi. \n\nMenurut pendapat yang paling ekstrim, bahwa aktivitas seksual yang dilakukan \n\nremaja walaupun tidak disertai dengan hubungan seks asalkan pikiran mengarah ke \n\nhubungan seks sudah termasuk seks bebas. Sebagian remaja mempunyai dorongan \n\nseks yang kuat, dan menganggap hubungan seks merupakan cara terbaik dalam \n\nrangka memenuhi kebutuhan seks. Akan tetapi semua remaja berpendapat bahwa", "start_char_idx": 7769, "end_char_idx": 10184, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6f552713-d2ae-468f-8f66-7f396193bda1": {"__data__": {"id_": "6f552713-d2ae-468f-8f66-7f396193bda1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2dc77037-246f-4a77-b842-9ba6f7dffca6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "cbba357f684e9bf7acf492fd684b726434595f2c69a3c4359119a031e06d4181", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "17874a29-9bd1-44c9-bbea-7fc82bca7fec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d21fadccea080fe9b4dc89e196c6cfbed22b09ac8a7797aa55cece98a1a57b45", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "hubungan seks hendaknya dihindari. Berbagai faktor mempengaruhi sikap remaja \n\ntersebut, namun dampak yang muncul masih dalam kategori ringan, yaitu berupa \n\npotensi. Makna yang dapat dikemukakan bahwa remaja masih dapat mengendalikan \n\ndiri sehingga tidak sampai melakukan hubungan seks. Sementara perjuangan kaum \n\nwanita dan kaum homoseks/lesbian dalam rangka menuntut kesetaraan gender sudah \n\nmendapatkan simpati.  \n\n \n\nDAFTAR PUSTAKA \n\nAli, Mohammad; Asrori, Mohammad, 2004, Psikologi Remaja, Perkembangan \nPeserta Didik, Cetakan Pertama, Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara. \n\nAtmadja, I Nengah Bawa, dkk., 2005,  Joged Bungbung Porno: Industri Seks \nBerbentuk Hiburan Seks Melalui Rangsangan Mata (Studi Kasus di \nBuleleng, Bali), Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Singaraja: \nInstitut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Negeri. \n\nBarker, Chris, 2005, Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktek, Yogyakarta: PT Bintang \nPustaka. \n\nDuarsa, Diah Pradnyaparamita, 2005, Remaja Menantang Bahaya, Fenomena \nKehamilan Tak Diinginkan di Kota Denpasar, Cetakan ke-1,  Denpasar: \nKajian Budaya Books dan Bali Mangsi Press. \n\nHawton, Keith, 1990, Sex theraphy, New York: Oxford University Press. \n\nMariyah, Emiliana, 2004, Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap \nPenduduk Migran dan Program Transmigrasi, dalam Jurnal Kajian \nBudaya, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1 Januari. \n\nMay, Abdurrachman, 2006, Persepsi dan Sikap Tokoh Agama Terhadap Eksistensi \nPariwisata Lombok (Kajian dari Perspektif Budaya), Denpasar: Program \nPascasarjana Universitas Udayana. \n\nMcCary, James Leslie, 1973, Human Sexuality, A Brief Edition, University of \nHouston. \n\nNegara, I Made Oka, 2006, Analisis Situasi Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Seksual  \nRemaja, dari Pengalaman Kisara Mendampingi Remaja di Denpasar, \ndisampaikan dalam ceramah \u201cMeningkatkan Kesehatan Reproduksi \nRemaja\u201d dalam rangka HUT Kartini yang diselenggarakan oleh Gabungan \nOrganisasi Wanita Kabupaten Jembrana, 24 April. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir, 2004, Dunia Yang Dilipat, Yogyakarta: Jalasura. \n\nRamali; Pamoencak, 1987, Kamus Kedokteran, Cetakan ke-13, Jakarta: Penerbit \nDjambatan. \n\nRitzer, George, 2004, Teori Sosial Postmodern, Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\n \n\nUCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "start_char_idx": 10189, "end_char_idx": 12404, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "17874a29-9bd1-44c9-bbea-7fc82bca7fec": {"__data__": {"id_": "17874a29-9bd1-44c9-bbea-7fc82bca7fec", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6f552713-d2ae-468f-8f66-7f396193bda1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "b2ce85bbaa56ebd685f5c9f73dac504dd453696e95e745b6df9b2ddff41245d6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e415c34d-0071-4323-a6a8-ab4720089f55", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "42dcb2e90bd6530c428d702be0df1d808457892838635e6a80f5d8f4d27e6fd1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Atas asung kerta wara nugraha Ida Sanghyang Widhi Wasa, Tuhan Yang \nMaha Esa, tak lupa saya ucapkan banyak-banyak terima kasih kepada Prof. Dr. \nEmiliana Mariyah, MS (Promotor), Prof. Dr. dr. Alex Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And \n(Kopromotor I), dan  Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sirtha, SH., MS (Kopromotor II), atas \nbimbingannya. Demikian pula saya ucapkan terima kasih banyak kepada para dosen \npengajar dan semua pihak yang telah membantu selama saya mengikuti kuliah di S3 \nKajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.", "start_char_idx": 12410, "end_char_idx": 12909, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e415c34d-0071-4323-a6a8-ab4720089f55": {"__data__": {"id_": "e415c34d-0071-4323-a6a8-ab4720089f55", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "17874a29-9bd1-44c9-bbea-7fc82bca7fec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "327709f260a834828839a2e9cf582eefd893aff5b8d5a28b37462e4f38ccb914", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4020bdf5-961c-44c9-b691-e545821a4431", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2b8ca35036148e279c835e4092384cfd88d24917da3ae5089e5a7a2e62da0b1f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "THE YOUTH\u2019S ATTITUDE TO FREE SEX IN NEGARA CITY: \nA PERSPECTIVE FROM CULTURAL STUDIES \n\n \nI Wayan Rasmen Adikusuma (student) \n\nProf. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, SS (Promotor) \nProf. Dr. Alex Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And (Copromotor I) \n\nProf. Dr. I Nyoman Sirtha, SH,. MS (Copromotor II) \nDoctorate Program in Cultural Studies, Udayana University, Jalan Nias 13 \n\nDenpasar \u2013 Bali \n \n \nABSTRACT \n Sex is one of the pleasures of life which remains most controversial. Sex bears \na lot of meanings of multidimensions, which include biological, psychological, and \nsocio-cultural dimensions. Sex is always interesting to talk about and to practice, but \nit always generates contradictions in the society. At the same time, various sex-related \ncases keep growing. Adolescence is the life phase most potential for sex-related \nproblems. Free sex, according to young people, is sex intercourse conducted between \ntwo individuals without marriage bound. The most extreme opinion includes as the \npractices of free sex not only sexual intercourse but also even only the thinking about \nthat activity. As much as 88.33% of the respondents said that they wanted to do sex \nintercourse but that they were afraid of the risk. As much as 26.26% of the \nrespondents said that the best way to meet sexual need was through direct sexual \nintercourse. However, all respondents (100%) were in the opinion that adolescents \nshould avoid sexual intercourse. While as much as 5.00% of the respondents approved \nof abortion and as much as 36.66% approved of a tolerance for homosexuality and \nlesbian practices, as much as 1.67% did not approve of such practices and \nrecommended heavy punishment for rapists. It is implied in the responses of all \nrespondents that all of them still control themselves not to commit free sexual \nintercourse. The struggle on the part of the women and the homosexual/lesbian for \ngender equality has won the sympathy of some of the respondents. \n \nKeywords: Youth\u2019s attitude, Free sex, Meaning. \n \nINTRODUCTION \n Sex is one of the sources of pleasure in life which remains most controversial \nto date yet constantly interesting to talk about and to practice all through the time. \nTherefore, sex always becomes a hot topic for debates. However, in every debate the \nweighting is always more toward the negative side of free sex. History has shown that \nan opinion about free sex is always controversial. At the beginning of the 17th century \nthe modern western world, the Christian world, was so closed to sex. Victorianism \nregarded sex as a taboo, which led to a general sex repression and the repression of \ndiscourse on sex in particular. Sex was allowed only for procreative purposes. \nHowever, this turned out to be contra productive to the growing of illegal sexual \ndiscourses. This was different from the condition during the classical Greek time in \nwhich sex practices were for the purposes of procreation and recreation. As a result, \nthere occurred sexual violence (Ritzer (2004). \n In the next era, sexual behavior is much influenced by the global capitalistic \neconomic system as signaled by the commoditification of bodies and sexual impulses. \nAesthtic value is neglected while pornokitch is made prominent (Piliang, 2004). This", "start_char_idx": 12916, "end_char_idx": 16164, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4020bdf5-961c-44c9-b691-e545821a4431": {"__data__": {"id_": "4020bdf5-961c-44c9-b691-e545821a4431", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e415c34d-0071-4323-a6a8-ab4720089f55", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "a5026f8f66b83a12d635b96e641025f5d3b51b9b3f1cf508001bec6d24d91d71", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ca69772c-5fa2-43cc-9ac5-3a0e6193e36c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fdc1ca6a9c8c7bb77f2c5429b8d63ddf78f6c1a4d28599910b29e8e7e94dbdfb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "has also brought changes to the society of Bali as marked by social abuses leading to \nthe disfunction of the social structure of the Balinese society. Pornography is getting \nspread through both printed and electronic media. Adolescents become easily \nprovoked to practice free sex with all its accompanying consequences such as \nunwanted pregnancy and sexual deseases. The presence of porno \u201cjoged bumbung\u201d \nyouth flirting dance in the district of Buleleng cannot be separated from the influence \nof the global capitalistic economic system, which has turned out to win high \nacceptance from its consumers (Atmaja, 2005). The existence of free sexual behavior \nand the use of narcotique and other dangerous drugs are all caused by the negative \nimpact of tourism. \n Researches on sexual perception, attitude and behavior have been much done \nat the national, provincial and regency levels. The results show that free sexual \nbehavior on the part of the adolescents tends to increase from year to year. \n In the regency of Jembrana (with its Negara capital city) there have been a lot \nof cases of sexual violence reported in the mass media, which among others include \nthe following: homosexuality/lesbianism, adultery, rapes, pedophilia, suicide, killing \nunder sexual motive, and drop out from school due to pregnancy. However, most \nshocking of all was the occurrence of 27 HIV/AIDS  cases in 2005 while in the years \nbefore no such cases were reported. This has been regarded as iceberg phenomena, \nnamely cases which actually could be found many more in the society. \n The fact that there are different acceptances of sex has raised different \nattitudes about sex, which in turn leads to different sexual behaviors. The negative \nimpact of free sex cannot be separated from the individual attitude to free sex. \nTherefore, the problems to be addressed cannot be formulated as follows: \u201cWhat is \nthe youth\u2019s attitude to free sex in Negara city? What factors have contributed, and \nwhat are their impact and meaning?\u201d The practical benefit of this research would be \nits conceptual contribution to the policy makers, especially those in the regency of \nJembrana. \n \nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n Attitude is the potential for responding, both positively and negatively, to \nhuman being, object or situation. Chaplin (in Ali, 2004) regards attitude as equal to \nposition. More operationally, position is identical with opinion. According to Hurlock \n(in Ali, 2004), adolescence is the age of human beings when they are still high school \nstudents. Therefore, what is here meant by youth\u2019s attitude is that represented by the \nhigh school students\u2019 opinions, which could be categorized into five categories based \non Likert\u2019s Scale. According to Ramali (1987), free sex is free sexual intercourse \ncommitted between any partners. More operationally free sex can be defined as sexual \nintercourse without marriage. Cultural studies, according to Barker (2005) is a critical \nstudy on human life based on multi/interdisciplinary approach, with weighting more \non ideographic rather than nomothetic method. \n To answer the problems already formulated, several relevant theories would \nbe adopted. This study is based on cross sectional qualitative method supported by \nquantitative approach under multidisciplinary paradigm from the aspects of biology, \npsychology, and socio-culture. The research location is the city of Negara, the caoital \nof Jembrana regency. The subjects of the research are the second-year students of \nsenior high schools or their equals. Quota sampling is adopted limiting the number of \nsubjects to 60 students, of which 30 are male and 30 are female. The data collection \ntechniques include structured interview, intensive interview, observation and \ndocumentation. The data analysis includes such techniques as qualitative", "start_char_idx": 16169, "end_char_idx": 20014, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ca69772c-5fa2-43cc-9ac5-3a0e6193e36c": {"__data__": {"id_": "ca69772c-5fa2-43cc-9ac5-3a0e6193e36c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4020bdf5-961c-44c9-b691-e545821a4431", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "582c0fbb69cb92f83fe656733f4a211a52fb36769b6947e78080731fb23bef55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "92b972aa-1e7c-4c97-9c1e-92673b8618c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "95d445b6be295fb1e061e37f2807c97a82cf46bbed67052a490f4619bfdd8749", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "interpretative analysis and quantitative analysis. The data is presented descriptive  \nquantitatively (narration) and in the form of quantitative analysis. \n Free sex according to respondents is the sexual intercourse committed between \ntwo individuals without marriage. The most extreme opinion states that whatever \nactivity committed under the thought strongly associated with sexual intercourse is \ncategorized as violating religious norms and can, therefore, be categorized as free sex. \n As much as 73.33% of the respondents state that sex constitutes human\u2019s basic \nneed. As much as 51.67% of the respondents state that sexual intercourse is the best \nway to meet sexual need. As much as 36.67% of the respondents state that onani is a \nsubstitute for fulfillment of sexual need. All respondents (100%) are in the opinion \nthat sexual intercourse should be avoided during adolescence. Only as much as \n16.67% of the respondents are in the opinion that onani is not a violence against \nreligious norms. As much as 50.00% of the respondents are in the opinion that onani \nis not common with the female because when discovered doing it a girl is regarded as \na flirt. \n As much as 88.33% of the respondents state that they very much want to do \nsexual intercourse, but that they are afraid of the risk, though this percentage of the \nrespondents admit that they have got their respective boyfriends or girlfriends. As \nmuch as 5.00% of the respondents approve of abortion. As much as 36.66% of the \nrespondents are in the opinion that the homosexual and the lesbian should be \ntolerated. As much as 1.6% of the respondents are in the opinion that rapists do not  \nneed to be given heavy punishment. \n Biologically, all respondents are generally in good health condition. \nPsychologically, all respondents are heterosexually oriented. None of the respondents \nconsumes drugs that can be categorized as narcotique. Their knowledge about \nsexuality is still limited. Their sexual activities so far never include sexual intercourse \ndue to their awareness of the risk such as pregnancy, PMS, violation of religious \nnorms and law, and strict government control. Pornography can be easily accessed \nthrough electronic media, and 83.33% of the respondents have seen porno films \nthrough hand phone. Onani is regarded as committing adultery. There is still a \ndimension of myth in the respondents\u2019 attitude. Comoditification of bodies and \npassion is not prominent. \n The impact of the youth\u2019s attitude to free sex as elicited from the respondents \nis still only slight, i.e. only in the form of a potential. For example, by repressing \nsexual drive, there tend to be sexual disfunction to occur. The respondents who have \ngot engaged tend to do sexual intercourse. \n As for the meaning of the youth\u2019s attitude to free sex is that all respondents \ncan still control themselves so that they do not commit sexual intercourse. Moreover, \nthe struggle of women and the homosexual/ the lesbian for gender equality turns out \nto have won a degree of sympathy as proved by the legalization of abortion and the \ntolerance to homosexuality/lesbianism.  \n \nCONCLUSION \n It can be concluded that the youth\u2019s attitude to free sex is varies. According to \nthe most extreme opinion, the sexual activities done by young people, even if not in \nthe form of sexual intercourse but only based on the imagination of such are already \ncategorized as free sex. Some of the adolescents have strong sex drive and regard \nsexual intercourse as the best way to meet sexual need. However, all adolescents are \nin the opinion that sexual intercourse should be avoided. Various factors influence the \nyouth\u2019s attitude, but the accompanying impact can still be categorized as light, i.e.", "start_char_idx": 20019, "end_char_idx": 23774, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "92b972aa-1e7c-4c97-9c1e-92673b8618c2": {"__data__": {"id_": "92b972aa-1e7c-4c97-9c1e-92673b8618c2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3567", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "d6b7650cc6b6b4178c26f814f26d450cef387855e652a021811596040a687efc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ca69772c-5fa2-43cc-9ac5-3a0e6193e36c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "57b4de9828ba6962496041818ab2dc97f4f213156075991043e0ad956ca0429e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bcd25b7e-287f-490d-90de-8db148a88385", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "269eae8d53268fbcbf590330ccfdffdd802f1c59fd8493c387a2ddc695ec69fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "only in the form of a potential. The meaning that can be concluded from the \nrespondents\u2019 attitude is that they can still control themselves so that they do not \ncommit sexual intercourse. As for the struggle of women and the homosexual/the \nlesbians for gender equality, there seems already to be a degree of sympathy. \n \nREFERENCES \nAli, Mohammad; Asrori, Mohammad, 2004, Psikologi Remaja, Perkembangan  \n\nPeserta Didik, Cetakan Pertama, Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara. \n \nAtmaja, I Nengah Bawa, dkk., 2005, Joged Bumbung Porno: Industri Seks Berbentuk  \n\nHiburan Seks Melalui Rangsangan Mata (Studi Kasus di Bulelen, Bali),  \nFakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Singaraja: Institut Keguruan  \ndan Ilmu Pendidikan Negeri. \n\n \nBarker, Chris, 2005, Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktek, Yogyakarta: PT. Bintang  \n\nPustaka. \n \nDuarsa, Diah Pradnyaparamita, 2005, Remaja Menantang Bahaya, Fenomena  \n\nKehamilan Tak Dinginkan di Kota Denpasar, Cetakan ke-1, Denpasar: Kajian  \nBudaya Books dan Bali Mangsi Press. \n\n \nHawton, Keith, 1990, Sex Theraphy, New York: Oxford University Press. \n \nMariyah, Emiliana, 2004, Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Masyarakat terhadap  \n\nPenduduk Migran dan Program Transmigrasi, dalam Jurnal Kajian Budaya,  \nVol.1, Nop.1, 1 Januari. \n\n \nMay, Abdurrachman, 2006, Persepsi dan Sikap Tokoh Agama terhadap Eksistensi  \n\nPariwisata Lombok (Kajian dari Perspektif Budaya), Denpasar: Program  \nPascasarjana Universitas Udayana. \n\n \nMcCary, James Leslie, 1973, Human Sexuality, A Brief Edition, University of  \n\nHouston. \n \nNegara, I Made Oka, 2005, Analisais Situasi Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Seksual  \n\nRemaja, dari nPengalaman Kisara Mendampingi Remaja di Denpasar,  \ndisampaikan dalam ceramah \u201cMeningkatkan Kesehatan Reproduksi  Remaja\u201d  \ndalam rangka HUT Kartini yang diselenggarakan oleh Gabungan Organisasi  \nWanita Kabupaten Jembrana, 24 April. \n\n \nPiliangh, Yasraf Amir, 2004, Dunia yang Dilipat, Yogyakarta: Jalasura. \n \nRamali, Pamoencak, 1987, Kamus Kedokteran, Cetakan ke-13, Jakarta: Penerbit  \n\nJambatan. \n \nRitzer, George, 2004, Teori Sosial Postmodern, Yogyakarta: Kreasiu Wacana. \n \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n Under the blessing of the Almighty God, I would like to express my thanks to \nProf. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, MS (Promotor), Prof. Dr.Alex  Pangkahila, M.Sc.And \n\n\n\n(Copromotor I), and Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sirtha, SH., M.S. (Copromotor II) for their \nguidance. My sincere thanks are also due to the lecturers and other people who have \nsupported me during my study in the doctorate program of Cultural Studies of \nUdayana University.", "start_char_idx": 23779, "end_char_idx": 26350, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bcd25b7e-287f-490d-90de-8db148a88385": {"__data__": {"id_": "bcd25b7e-287f-490d-90de-8db148a88385", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "92b972aa-1e7c-4c97-9c1e-92673b8618c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3567", "author": "Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman", "title": " SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3567.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9dfb047755fcb37ed4496d461b6b95c7f8e24850069f7a3e00938d668033", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3b2dc663-198e-441e-bbc2-847c4f00fe86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6ce1c5a73f9f45120152d8e87188807e81ae15b25068ba7ffc295a9f3acb0a19", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Background\n\n\nPUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA \nDI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA \n\n \nAsmyta Surbakti \n\nmytasurbakti@yahoo.com \nPromotor: Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., Ko-promotor I:  \n\nProf. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A., dan Ko-promotor II Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U. \n \n \n\nABSTRAK \nPenghancuran pusaka budaya berupa bangunan bersejarah di Kota Medan \n\ndisikapi secara berbeda oleh pemerintah dan masyarakat setempat. Pemerintah Kota \nMedan menyetujui penghancuran tersebut untuk pembangunan antara lain pusat-pusat \nperbelanjaan dengan alasan terciptanya lapangan kerja sekaligus peningkatan pendapat \nasli daerah Kota Medan. Sebaliknya, masyarakat memperjuangkan kelestarian \nbangunan bersejarah sebagai bukti sejarah masyarakat Medan yang plural dan \nmultikultural. Sebagai modal budaya, pusaka budaya tersebut memiliki potensi besar \ndalam mengantisipasi kecenderungan pariwisata global dan posmodern.  \n\nPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Format \ndisain, pengumpulan data, dan strategi analisis datanya bersifat deskriptif-kualitatif. \nSumber data terdiri atas data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam dan \nobservasi partisipasi dan metode penelitian berganda sedangkan data sekunder \ndiperoleh dari dokumentasi. Hasil analisis disajikan secara informal melalui deskripsi \ninduktif-analitik.  \n\nHasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, dalam pembangunan Kota Medan, \nterdapat kekuatan pemerintah dan pengusaha/pemilik bangunan bersejarah yang \nmengorbankan pusaka budaya demi pendirian gedung-gedung bisnis modern, seperti \npusat-pusat perbelanjaan. Sebagai akibatnya, Kota Medan mengalami komodifikasi \nyang mengancam pusaka budaya dan pengembangan pariwisata. Puluhan bangunan \nbersejarah yang sudah dihancurkan termasuk tiga yang dilindungi oleh Perda Nomor 6 \nTahun 1988.  \n\nMelalui diskursus kontra-hegemoniknya, masyarakat yang didukung oleh \nmasyarakat sipil setempat, khususnya LSM seperti Badan Warisan Sumatra (BWS), di \nsamping para intelektual dan media massa, melakukan perjuangan atas pelestarian \npusaka budaya dan tuntutan terhadap hak azasi budayanya. Pelestarian pusaka budaya \ndi Kota Medan adalah terkait kepentingan praksis emansipasi masyarakat dan sesuai \ndengan cita-cita kajian budaya, yaitu praksis dan emansipatoris.  \n \nKata kunci: Pusaka budaya, komodifikasi, hegemoni, diskursus, pengembangan \n\npariwisata.", "start_char_idx": 49, "end_char_idx": 2442, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3b2dc663-198e-441e-bbc2-847c4f00fe86": {"__data__": {"id_": "3b2dc663-198e-441e-bbc2-847c4f00fe86", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bcd25b7e-287f-490d-90de-8db148a88385", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "d8fe8468e1f19c3d42d34ddc7a16b284c922187969cfde81a33a96116f39246e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "974627f2-d126-4f8d-9c2a-ecdb222affd7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "54be79608cd7d6d54e70222267d301101da134c205643379f78c6d959a8089af", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Latar Belakang \n \n\nKota Medan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara memiliki sekitar 600-an bangunan \n\nbersejarah  berusia rata-rata lebih dari 100 tahun yang berdiri seiring sejarah \n\nperjalanan kota ini. Bangunan-bangunan bersejarah tinggalan kolonial Belanda \n\ntersebut terkait dengan aktivitas perkebunan tembakau Deli yang produknya sangat \n\nterkenal di dunia pada masanya. Berkat estetika arsitekturalnya, Kota Medan dahulu \n\ndikenal sebagai sebuah kota dengan citra Parijs van Sumatra. \n\nDalam perkembangan pembangunan Kota Medan selanjutnya, khususnya \n\nmasa Orde Baru dan orde reformasi yang menetapkan desentralisasi melalui otonomi \n\ndaerah di tingkat kota/kabupaten dengan semangat pendapatan asli daerah (PAD)-nya, \n\nbanyak bangunan bersejarah yang dihancurkan dan digantikan oleh bangunan baru \n\ndengan fungsi baru pula. Fungsi menjadi utama dan bentuk bangunan yang mengikuti \n\nfungsinya (form-follows-function). Hal ini disebabkan oleh lokasi bangunan bersejarah \n\ntersebut berada di tempat yang strategis dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. \n\nUpaya perlindungan terhadap bangunan bersejarah di Kota Medan sudah \n\ndilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Medan dengan menerbitkan Perda Nomor 6 Tahun \n\n1988 tentang Pelestarian Bangunan dan Lingkungan yang Bernilai Sejarah, Arsitektur, \n\nKepurbakalaan, serta Penghijauan dalam Daerah Kota Medan. Namun, Perda hanya \n\nmencantumkan 42 bangunan yang dilindungi. Ironisnya, tiga di antaranya sudah \n\ndihancurkan. Sementara puluhan bangunan bersejarah yang tidak dilindungi oleh \n\nPerda juga sudah dihancurkan. Misalnya adalah eks Mega Eltra (2002), eks Bank \n\nModern (2004), dan Kompleks Perkantoran Perusahaan Perkebunan Sipef (2004).  \n\nSebagai reaksinya, masyarakat melakukan perlawanan dengan dukungan \n\nmasyarakat sipil dari kalangan lembaga swadaya masyarakat, khususnya BWS, \n\nsehingga terjadi perang posisi pemerintah melawan perang manuver masyarakat. \n\nDalam perlawanannya, masyarakat mengusung isu-isu pelestarian lewat konservasi \n\ndan pengembangan pariwisata yang selama ini diabaikan oleh pemerintah. Dalam \n\nkonteks makro, peran kebudayaan pada masyarakat global ditandai dengan lahirnya \n\nkekuatan masyarakat sipil yang dikenal dengan peristiwa Battle of Seattle pada tahun \n\n1999 (Perlas, 2000). Kondisi sosial manusia kini ditentukan oleh tiga pilar di mana \n\nperan serta masyarakat sebagai pemilik kebudayaan harus diwujudkan.", "start_char_idx": 2460, "end_char_idx": 4850, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "974627f2-d126-4f8d-9c2a-ecdb222affd7": {"__data__": {"id_": "974627f2-d126-4f8d-9c2a-ecdb222affd7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3b2dc663-198e-441e-bbc2-847c4f00fe86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "ef236e054bf9998fd06d5283e9ea0e9e19d3292be155b2f17071d102d73e1901", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4c63a1c2-6c30-4e87-9810-cdf2b410e6f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c5a9c926dc03a1fa85ae6cd1eec85aa1bcd66a06cb95ddddf30729fcd71facb1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Realitas penghancuran pusaka budaya lewat diskursus hegemoni pemerintah \n\nyang berhadapan dengan diskursus kontra-hegemoni masyarakat yang ingin \n\nmelestarikan pusaka budaya dan melakukan pengembangan pariwisata layak diteliti \n\nsebagai sebuah kajian budaya. Sebagimana dalam kajian ini, menurut Fiske (Barker, \n\n2005: 87), konsep kebudayaan dalam kajian budaya adalah konsep yang politis yang \n\nmenaruh perhatian pada persoalan kekuasaan. Akibatnya, sebagian besar karya kajian \n\nbudaya berpusat pada pertanyaan-pertanyaan tentang kekuasaan, pengetahuan, \n\nideologi, dan hegemoni.  \n\n \n\nPembahasan \n\nKota Medan secara keseluruhan merupakan kawasan (pari)wisata kota \n\nberbasis bangunan bersejarah. Kawasan-kawasan yang dibangun oleh pemeirntah \n\nkolonial Belanda diisi oleh bangunan-bangunan bersejarah yang berfungsi sebagai \n\npenanda kawasan. Namun, dewasa ini fungsi kawasan beserta bangunannya sudah \n\nbanyak yang berubah. Spesifikasinya yang berbasis bangunan bersejarah justru \n\nmengalami pengabaian di balik gencarnya diskursus modernitas pembangunan.  \n\nProses modernisasi Kota Medan melalui pembangunan yang kapitalistik \n\nmenyebabkan Kota Medan mengalami komodifikasi yang mengancam pusaka budaya \n\ndan pengembangan pariwisata. Sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Barker (2004: 408), \n\nkomodifikasi adalah proses yang diasosiasikan dengan kapitalisme di mana objek, \n\nkualitas, dan tanda dijadikan sebagai komoditas dan komoditas adalah sesuatu yang \n\ntujuan utamanya untuk dijual di pasar. Sementara kapitalisme melanggengkan \n\nhegemoni.  \n\nDiskursus penghancuran pusaka budaya di Kota Medan dilakukan melalui \n\nhegemoni dan demolition by neglection. Protes masyarakat agar Perda tersebut direvisi \n\nhanya dijawab oleh pemerintah dengan mengeluarkan SK Penyempurnaan atas Perda \n\nyang sama sekali tidak menyentuh esensi yang diharapkan. Proses demolitin by \n\nneglection bergerak ke arah yang lebih modern karena terjadi perubahan fungsi pada \n\nbeberapa kawasan yang mengancam spesifikasi kawasan tersebut. \n\nPenghancuran bangunan bersejarah dan perubahan fungsi bangunan \n\nbersejarah di Kota Medan menyebabkan wajah dan estetika kota mengalami", "start_char_idx": 4856, "end_char_idx": 7002, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4c63a1c2-6c30-4e87-9810-cdf2b410e6f3": {"__data__": {"id_": "4c63a1c2-6c30-4e87-9810-cdf2b410e6f3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "974627f2-d126-4f8d-9c2a-ecdb222affd7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "414a3759d2069476e5fb9ccea2aef9e74a7d9c91b4f4f32329563af4a16a3b18", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6d413687-2831-48ac-a622-d04260576380", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ecf3e0057406180fa603ac5aa2c2919d467afb793e25810ab569b7855e2db455", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "perubahan. Sejarah panjang awal terbentuknya Kota Medan hampir dilupakan, \n\ntermasuk kebesaran Kerajaan Haru yang mulai hilang dari peredaran sejarah lokal dan \n\nnasional. Penghancuran pusaka budaya di Kota Medan berdampak secara signifikan, \n\nbaik terhadap fisik arsitektural maupun keadaan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya \n\nmasyarakat setempat.  \n\nGerakan kontra-hegemoni masyarakat yang didukung oleh kekuatan elemen-\n\nelemen masyarakat sipil dilakukan untuk kelestarian pusaka budaya. Kekuasaan \n\npemerintah dan kekuatan modal (pengusaha) disebut sebagai penyebab penghancuran \n\nbangunan bersejarah di mana, di dalamnya, pemerintah sedang mempraktikkan politik \n\nekonomi instan. Pengembangan pariwisata jauh lebih menguntungkan bila dikelola \n\ndengan baik dan benar. Realitas menunjukkan bahwa beberapa pusat perbelanjaan \n\nyang sudah ada akhirnya ditutup karena pusat perbelanjaan yang lebih modern \n\ndidirikan.  \n\nMasyarakat Kota Medan mencoba mentransformasikan modal budaya berupa \n\npusaka budaya (cultural capital) menjadi modal ekonomi (economic capital) dalam \n\nkonsepsi Bourdieu (Harker, et al, 2005). Richards (1996) menyebutkan bahwa \n\nkecenderungan pariwisata global ditandai dengan meningkatnya bentuk-bentuk \n\npariwisata posmodern yang terkait dengan pusaka budaya tetapi sebelum \n\ndikembangkan menjadi sebuah city tour, misalnya, perlu dilakukan tindakan \n\nkonservasi mengingat usia bangunan rata-rata di atas 100 tahun. Salah satu teknik \n\nkonservasi adalah pengembangan pariwisata karena konservasi tidak akan berarti bila \n\ntidak menguntungkan secara ekonomi.  \n\nMakna pelestarian pusaka budaya terkait dengan tuntutan hak budaya \n\n(cultural rights), baik untuk pelestarian itu sendiri maupun dalam kaitannya dengan \n\npengembangan pariwisata dan manfaatnya bagi kehidupan dan kesejahteraan \n\nmasyarakat. Pusaka budaya merupakan sumber daya budaya yang memiliki berbagai \n\nnilai dan makna antara lain nilai dan makna informasi/ilmu pengetahuan, ekonomi, \n\nestetika, dan asosiasi/simbolik (Ardika dalam Surbakti 2004).  \n\nSebagai sebuah kajian budaya, penelitian ini dapat dipergunakan untuk \n\nmemperbaiki kondisi sosial-budaya masyarakat Kota Medan menjadi lebih adil dan \n\nmanusiawi. Realitas penghancuran bangunan bersejarah di Kota Medan yang diteliti", "start_char_idx": 7007, "end_char_idx": 9277, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6d413687-2831-48ac-a622-d04260576380": {"__data__": {"id_": "6d413687-2831-48ac-a622-d04260576380", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4c63a1c2-6c30-4e87-9810-cdf2b410e6f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "1eb145e38080af9349b9b9032693884de68c098cf76e88b41abfaf5ea46ecd49", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a481ab0e-1326-4a87-8fc7-2d966bf304ac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1561cbe97e5d81ee27638bef69eea36d943d0543fdd49f878fa3d344e50ed414", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "dalam suatu proses ilmiah memberikan proses pencerahan yang bersifat damai atau \n\nnon-kekerasan yang disebut sebagai diskursus praksis sosial. \n\nAda lima temuan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, Pemerintah Kota Medan \n\ntidak memedulikan pelestarian pusaka budaya yang potensial dikembangkan sebagai \n\nmodal pariwisata budaya. Sebagai akibatnya, terjadi gerakan kontra-hegemoni \n\nmasyarakat setempat berupa kontra-diskursus terhadap penghancuran tersebut untuk \n\ntujuan pelestarian pusaka budaya dan pengembangan pariwisata yang berbasis \n\nmasyarakat. Kedua, dalam pembangunan Kota Medan terjadi proses komodifikasi kota  \n\ndengan berkolaborasinya kekuatan pemerintah dengan pengusaha yang \n\nmenghancurkan pusaka budaya dan menghambat pengembangan pariwisata. Ketiga, \n\npenghancuran pusaka budaya di Kota Medan dilakukan dengan dua modus, yaitu \n\nhegemoni dan  demolition by neglection. Keempat, perlawanan masyarakat Kota \n\nMedan merupakan wahana bagi kebangkitan masyarakat sipil kota berupa elemen-\n\nelemen kelompok kritis (seperti organisasi masyarakat dan LSM, intelektual, dan \n\nmedia massa) yang membela pelestarian pusaka budaya dan pengembangan \n\npariwisata. Kelima, dipadukan dari konsepsi Perlas (2003) dan Arsworth dan \n\nTunbridge (1990), ada empat pilar (fourfolding) pengembangan pariwisata pusaka \n\nbudaya di Kota Medan, yaitu (1) masyarakat, (2) pemerintah, (3) industri pariwisata, \n\ndan (4) bangunan bersejarah itu sendiri.  \n\n \n\nSimpulan \n\nDalam pembangunan Kota Medan, pemerintah setempat menjalankan politik \n\nekonomi instan yang mengorbankan pusaka budaya dan pengembangan pariwisata, \n\nsehingga Kota Medan mengalami komodifikasi. Penghancuran dilakukan melalui \n\nhegemoni dan demolition by neglection. Akibatnya, wajah dan estetika kota berubah, \n\nsejarah terbentuknya mulai dilupakan, dan identitas kota menjadi kabur.  \n\nDiskursus hegemonik pemerintah terkait penghancuran pusaka budaya \n\nmelahirkan diskursus kontra-hegemoni masyarakat yang ingin melahirkannya. Dengan \n\ndukungan elemen-elemen masyarakat sipil, masyarakat menginginkan modal budaya \n\ntersebut dijadikan modal ekonomi. Upaya pelestarian pusaka budaya merupakann \n\nperjuangan hak budaya dan kepentingan praksis emansipasi masyarakat Kota Medan. \n\n\n\nDAFTAR PUSTAKA \n \nArdika, I Wayan. 2007. Pusaka Budaya & Pariwisata. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan. \nAshworth, G.J. dan J.E. Tunbridge. 1990. The Tourist-Historic City, Retrospect and \n\nProspect of Managing the Heritage City. London: Belhoven.  \nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktik (terjemahan). Yogyakarta: \n\nBentang (PT Bentang Pustaka).  \nBuiskool, Dirk A. 2005. \u201cMedan: A Plantation City on the Coast of Sumatera 1870-\n\n1942\u201d dalam Columbijn, Barwegen, Basundoro, Khusyairi (eds.) Kota Lama, \nKota Baru, Sejarah Kota-kota di Indonesia.", "start_char_idx": 9282, "end_char_idx": 12074, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a481ab0e-1326-4a87-8fc7-2d966bf304ac": {"__data__": {"id_": "a481ab0e-1326-4a87-8fc7-2d966bf304ac", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6d413687-2831-48ac-a622-d04260576380", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "3736f333d9daf7c2c8c8544dffbce082e4e0a966ff56dfee61d99e9c3b590dd7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ba2a9b39-0749-4b5d-8eb8-74ce67b12be7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0930fd70fc9f9564d157ea0cf1e54ec410c802e3de50cbe2e39c0ae1b70af384", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Kota Lama, \nKota Baru, Sejarah Kota-kota di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sejarah \nUnair dan Penerbit Ombak, hlm. 273-300. \n\nDinas Tata Kota dan Tata Bangunan Kota Medan. 2003. \u201dLaporan Akhir Rencana dan \nStrategi Revitalisasi Kawasan dan Bangunan Bersejarah Kota Medan\u201d.  \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1980. Power/Knowledge, Selected Interviews and Other Writings \n1972-1977 (C. Gordon, ed.). New York: Pantheon. \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from Prison Notebooks. New York: International \nPublisher. \n\nKompas. 2004. \u201dBangunan Tua pun Kian Sirna\u201d, Senin 1 November.  \n-----. 2005. \u201c85 Persen Bangunan Tua di Kota Medan Memprihatinkan\u201d, Senin 9 Mei.  \nLubis, Akhyar Yusuf. 2006. Dekonstruksi Epistemologi Modern, Dari \n\nPosmodernisme, Teori Kritis, Poskolonialisme hingga Cultural Studies. \nJakarta: Pustaka Indonesia Satu. \n\nNuryanti, Wiendu. 1996. \u201cHeritage and Posmodernism Tourism\u201d dalam Geoffrey \nWall dan Wiendu Nuryanti (eds.) Heritage and Tourism, Special Issue, \nAnnals of Tourism Research A Social Sciences Journal Volume 23 Number 2 \nISSN: 0160-7383, hlm. 249-260. \n\nPeraturan Daerah (Perda) Kota Medan Nomor 6 Tahun 1988 tentang Pelestarian \nBangunan dan Lingkungan yang Bernilai Sejarah Arsitektur Kepurbakalaan \nserta Penghijauan dalam Daerah Kota Medan. \n\nPerlas, Nicanor. 2000. Shapping Globalization Civil Society, Cultural Power and \nThreefolding. New York: CADI and Global Network for Social Threefolding. \n\nSardar, Ziauddin dan Borin Van Loon. 2001. Mengenal Cultural Studies For \nBeginners (terjemahan). Mizan: Bandung. \n\nSuarakarya. 2006. \u201cPemda Sumut Membiarkan Bangunan Bersejarah Dihancurkan \nPengusaha\u201d (6 Juni): suarakarya.online.com/news.html/?-id:40734. \n\nTarekat, Hasti. t.t. \u201cBangunan Bersejarah yang MPP (Mati Pelan-pelan)\u201d. - \n \n\nUCAPAN TERIMA KASIH \nDiucapkan terima kasih kepada Rektor Universitas Udayana dan Direktur Program \nPascasarjana Universitas Udayana atas kesempatan dan fasilitas dalam mengikuti \npendidikan Program Doktor di Universitas Udayana. Ucapan terima kasih juga \ndisampaikan kepada Promotor Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., Ko-promotor I Prof. \nDr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A., dan Ko-promotor II Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U. \nBimbingan dan nasihat mereka sangat membantu dalam proses penulisan disertasi ini. \nAkhirnya, ucapan terima kasih disampaikan kepada seluruh pihak lain yang turut \nmembantu proses penelitian ini.", "start_char_idx": 12020, "end_char_idx": 14394, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ba2a9b39-0749-4b5d-8eb8-74ce67b12be7": {"__data__": {"id_": "ba2a9b39-0749-4b5d-8eb8-74ce67b12be7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a481ab0e-1326-4a87-8fc7-2d966bf304ac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "bf18f0d2bb35e19e0b31f49edab408d91c17093ae9b0a9f523477198a1d2a06f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a0b06111-9eac-42f0-9051-8944de0b6434", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cb46008a0c0d49ba45332067854f9ae3abc7c69abc2f6e4736cc845444a0d7ae", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CULTURAL HERITAGE  AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MEDAN \n\n A CULTURAL STUDIES \n \n\nAsmyta Surbakti \nmytasurbakti@yahoo.com \n\nPromotor : Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., Co-Promotor I : Prof.Dr. I Gde Parimartha, \nM.A., and Co-Promotor II Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U. \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n              Demolition of cultural heritage in the form of historical buildings in Medan has \nbeen responded differently by the government and local community. The Municipal \nGovernment of Medan has approved the demolition so that things such as shopping \ncenters can be constructed and consequently, job opportunities can be created and the \noriginal regional revenue can be increased in Medan. In contrast, the community \nstruggles that the historical buildings be conserved to prove that Medan is a plural and \nmulticultural community. As a cultural capital, the cultural heritage has the potential to \nanticipate the tendency towards postmodern and global tourism.  \n              This study was conducted by applying qualitative method.  The  format design, \nthe data collection, and the strategy in which the data were analyzed were descriptive- \nqualitative. The data sources are both primary and secondary. The primary data were \nobtained by conducting deep interviews, observation of participation, and multiple \nresearch method; while the secondary data were obtained from documentation. The \nresults of analysis are informally presented through description of inductive-analytic. \n               The findings show that in developing Medan there has been the power of the \ngovernment and the strength of the owners of the historical buildings who have sacrificed \nthe buildings in order to be able to construct modern business buildings such as shopping \ncenters. As a consequence, Medan has undergone comodification threatening the cultural \nheritage and tourism development. Tens of the historical buildings have been demolished \nincluding three which are protected by Perda (Regional Regulations Number 6 Year \n1988.  \n               Through the discourse of contradictory hegemony, the community supported by \nthe local civil community, especially non government organizations such as Badan \nWarisan Sumatra (BWS), in addition to intellectuals and mass media, has struggled that \nthe cultural heritage be conserved, and has requested that their basic cultural rights be \nprovided. The conservation of cultural heritage in Medan is related to the practical needs \nfor the community emancipation, and is  in accordance with the objectives of the cultural \nstudies, that is, being practical and emancipative.  \n \nKey words: Cultural heritage, comodification, hegemony, discourse, tourism \n\ndevelopment Background", "start_char_idx": 14402, "end_char_idx": 17113, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a0b06111-9eac-42f0-9051-8944de0b6434": {"__data__": {"id_": "a0b06111-9eac-42f0-9051-8944de0b6434", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ba2a9b39-0749-4b5d-8eb8-74ce67b12be7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "39b8002404c5dc7316edaec9e0b9d530f111778e70fa6ee3f66bb6cfbdfd2b2d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e19ed211-c809-4e62-be5e-f48e85cbf2c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b6120895ea39de46231ec8fcef8cf07690938099e3970c7f6f651ea8a02392c0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Medan, which is located in North Sumatra Province, has around 600s historical \n\nbuildings which are more than 100 years old following the history of the city. The \n\nhistorical buildings inherited from the Dutch colonial are related to the Deli tobacco \n\nplantation whose products were famous all over the world at the time. The architectural \n\naesthetics of the city made it known as the city with the image of Parijs van Sumatra.  \n\n       In its development, especially during the New Order and the Reformation Order, \n\nwhen decentralization through regional autonomy in the regency level which was \n\ninspired by  the original regional revenue (PAD), many historical buildings were \n\ndemolished and then replaced by new ones with new functions. The functions of the \n\nbuildings were the most essential and the forms followed the functions (form-follows-\n\nfunction). The reason was that the location where the historical buildings were located is \n\nstrategic and has high economic value. \n\n       The attempt to conserve the historical buildings in Medan has been carried out by the \n\nMunicipal government by issuing Perda (Regional Regulations) Number 6 Year 1988 \n\nconcerning the conservation of historical buildings and environment, architecture, \n\narcheology and reforestation within the city. However, only 42 buildings are included to \n\nbe conserved in the Perda. Ironically, three of them have  already been demolished. In \n\naddition, tens of the historical buildings which are not included in the Perda have already \n\nbeen  demolished. The ex-Mega Eltra (2002), the ex-Modern Bank, and the ex-Office \n\nComplex of Sipef Plantation Company (2oo4) exemplify this.  \n\n        There has been a reaction from the community supported by some non government \n\norganizations, especially BWS, resulting in position war of the government against \n\nmaneuver war of the community. In their struggle, the community has raised \n\nconservation issues through conservation and development of tourism which have been \n\nneglected by the government. In a wider context, the cultural role of a global community \n\nis marked by the appearance of a civil community strength known as Battle of Seattle  \n\nwhich took place in 1999 (Perlas, 2000). The current social condition is determined by \n\nthree pillars in which the role of the community as the owner of the culture should be \n\nbrought into reality. \n\n        The reality that the cultural heritage has been demolished through a discourse of \n\nhegemony from the government which is faced with a discourse of contradictory", "start_char_idx": 17129, "end_char_idx": 19688, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e19ed211-c809-4e62-be5e-f48e85cbf2c7": {"__data__": {"id_": "e19ed211-c809-4e62-be5e-f48e85cbf2c7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a0b06111-9eac-42f0-9051-8944de0b6434", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "bf4f84a2eccb55513dc4f634cbfd44b4eb8d36de412c54272ed5da1d0542246c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ad093ece-887e-48c2-82c5-f6ec29d7e385", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "12a13841907e42d5081ad04ef4660653887dbc536dfb7c0fc09adf49ddde31df", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "hegemony from the community which intends to conserve the cultural heritage and to \n\ndevelop tourism is worth researching as a cultural studies. As it is stated in this research \n\nand with reference to what is stated by Fiske (Barker, 2005: 87), the concept of culture in \n\ncultural studies is a political one which is concerned with power. As a result, most of the \n\nworks in cultural studies are centered on the questions related to power, knowledge, \n\nideology, and hegemony. \n\n         \n\n \n\nDiscussion \n\n        Medan , as a whole, constitutes a historical building based tourism area. The areas \n\nwhich were constructed by the Dutch colonial were filled with historical buildings \n\nfunctioning as the area markers. Nowadays, however, the functions of the areas with their \n\nbuildings have greatly changed. Their historical building based specifications have been \n\nneglected behind the incessant discourse of developmental modernity.  \n\n        The process of modernity in Medan , through its capitalistic development, has \n\ncontributed to comodification threatening the cultural heritage and tourism development. \n\nAs stated by Barker (2004: 408), comodification is a process which is socialized with \n\ncapitalism in which objects, qualities and signs are made commodities which are things \n\nfor sales in the market, while capitalism eternalizes hegemony.   \n\n        The discourse of demolishing the cultural heritage in Medan has been done by \n\nhegemony and demolition by neglection. The reaction given by the community that the \n\nPerda be revised has only been responded by issuing a Letter of Decision which has not \n\ntouched the expected essence at all. The process of demolition by neglection has been \n\nmoved towards a more modern direction due to a change in functions in several areas \n\nthreatening their specifications. \n\n       Demolitions of the historical buildings and the change in their functions have led to a \n\nchange in shape and aesthetics of the city. The earlier long history of the city, including \n\nthe greatness of Haru Kingdom which has disappeared from both the local and national \n\nhistory,   has almost been neglected. The demolition of the historical buildings in Medan \n\nhas significantly affected both the physics of architecture and social, economic and \n\ncultural situation of the local community.", "start_char_idx": 19693, "end_char_idx": 22030, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ad093ece-887e-48c2-82c5-f6ec29d7e385": {"__data__": {"id_": "ad093ece-887e-48c2-82c5-f6ec29d7e385", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e19ed211-c809-4e62-be5e-f48e85cbf2c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "e517acb61667eabbd62ce2a12a11a982fd66ee831f1bd6346e7605c43907e09a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c3b4bdbf-37ed-430d-ad4a-adb88f827fb2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bc81ea11f853a0ef8e2d6a94b964f02573c0f79c066ee2234ee0f10460acc12f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The movement of the contradictory hegemony supported by the civil community \n\nelements has been conducted to conserve the cultural heritage. The power of the \n\ngovernment and the strength of the entrepreneurs\u2019 capital are stated to cause the \n\ndemolition of the historical buildings, in which the government is applying the politics of \n\ninstant economy. The tourism development will benefit more if well managed. The \n\nreality shows that some shopping centers have been finally closed due to construction of \n\nnew ones. \n\n        The Medan community has tried to transform cultural capital in the form of cultural \n\nheritage into economic capital with reference to Bourdieu\u2019s conception (Harker, et al, \n\n2005). Richards (1996) states that the global tourism tendency is marked by the increase \n\nin forms of postmodern tourism which are related to cultural heritage but before being \n\ndeveloped into a city tour, for example, conservation needs to be done considering that \n\nthe buildings average more than 100 years old. One of the techniques of conservation is \n\ndeveloping tourism because conservation will be meaningless if it does not benefit \n\neconomically.  \n\n        The meaning of cultural heritage conservation is related to the demand for cultural \n\nrights, both for the conservation itself and its relation to the tourism development and its \n\nusefulness for the life and welfare of the community. The cultural heritage constitutes \n\ncultural resources which bear various values and meanings such as those in \n\ninformation/knowledge, economy, aesthetics, and association/symbolization (Ardika in \n\nSurbakti 2004). \n\n        As cultural studies, this research can be employed to make the socio-cultural \n\ncondition of the community in Medan more equitable and humanized. The reality of the \n\nhistorical building demolition in Medan, which is under study in a scientific process, \n\ngives a peaceful or non violence process which is called social practical discourse.  \n\n        There are five findings in this study. The first finding is that the Medan government \n\ndoes not pay attention to historical heritage conservation which is potential to be \n\ndeveloped as a cultural tourism capital. As a consequence, there has been a contradictory \n\nhegemony from the local community in the form of contradictory discourse against such \n\na demolition with the objective of conserving the community based cultural heritage and \n\ntourism development. Another thing is that in the city development there has been a", "start_char_idx": 22044, "end_char_idx": 24560, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c3b4bdbf-37ed-430d-ad4a-adb88f827fb2": {"__data__": {"id_": "c3b4bdbf-37ed-430d-ad4a-adb88f827fb2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ad093ece-887e-48c2-82c5-f6ec29d7e385", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "7d03056129ccd390705381fb350b5377da29443dc587a1cef834db32c24e41a9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "35bf9c6e-8f50-4cac-8478-09a4aa35696f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "42da1bf8174c110b2c3453584856fa64b9613766345b0d3bb713de19e356a225", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "process of comodification in which the government\u2019s power has collaborated with the \n\nentrepreneurs\u2019strength demolishing the cultural heritage and hampering the tourism \n\ndevelopment. As well, the cultural heritage demolition in Medan has been carried out in \n\ntwo ways; they are hegemony and demolition by neglection. Yet another thing is that the \n\nopposition shown by the community in Medan constitutes a means of resurgence of the \n\nurban civil community in the forms of critical group elements (such as community \n\norganizations and non government organizations, intellectuals and mass media) which \n\ndefend the conservation of cultural heritage and tourism development. The last  finding is \n\nthat fused with the conceptions offered by Perlas (2003) and Arsworth and Tunbridge \n\n(1990), there are four pillars (fourfolding) of development of cultural heritage tourism in \n\nMedan; they are (1) the community, (2) the government, (3) the tourism industry, and (4) \n\nthe historical buildings themselves.  \n\n \n\nConclusion \n\n     In developing Medan, the local government has carried out the politics of instant \n\neconomy sacrificing the cultural heritage and tourism development, making the city \n\ncomodified. The demolition has been carried out through hegemony and demolition by \n\nneglection. As a result, the face and aesthetics of the city has changed, the history of its \n\nestablishment has been neglected, and the identity of the city has been made vague.  \n\n        The hegemony discourse from the government related to the demolition of the \n\ncultural heritage has produced contradictory hegemony discourse from the community \n\nwhich intends to bear it. Supported by the civil community elements, the community \n\nrequests that such a cultural capital be made economic capital. The attempt of conserving \n\nthe cultural heritage constitutes the struggle for cultural rights and practical need of \n\nemancipation of the community in Medan.  \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nArdika, I Wayan. 2007. Pusaka Budaya & Pariwisata. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan  \nAshworth, G.J. and J.E. Tunbridge. 1990. The tourist-Historic City, Retrospect and \n             Prospect of Managing the Heritage City. London: Belhoven.    \nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktik (translation). Yogyakarta: \n             Bentang (PT Bentang Pustaka).", "start_char_idx": 24565, "end_char_idx": 26895, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "35bf9c6e-8f50-4cac-8478-09a4aa35696f": {"__data__": {"id_": "35bf9c6e-8f50-4cac-8478-09a4aa35696f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3568", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "c45d1e5a63ce04b46b79e8ca62935fb9a8d66526ac290dcf5db7cd8a2cc6f959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c3b4bdbf-37ed-430d-ad4a-adb88f827fb2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "b4866ff4fa1dc79434cf04b93a5b08065993839c00bee32082b141eb5d37fd45", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8db70a4d-897f-4697-a750-328ebd506a32", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e6bbf641566c5237e8e74fe945111e369c54587953b35261911412bc65a3d0c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Buiskool, Dirk A. 2005. \u201dMedan: A Plantation City on the Coast of Sumatra 1870- \n            1942\u201d in Columbijn, Barwegen, Basundor, Khusyairi (eds.) Kota Lama, \n            Kota Baru, Sejarang Kota-Kota di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: History Department \n             Publisher Ombak, pp. 273-300. \nDinas Tata Kota and Tata Bangunan Kota Medan. 2003. \u201dLaporan Akhir Rencana dan \n             Strategi Revitalisasi Kawasan dan Bangunan Bersejarah Kota Medan.\u201d      \nFoucault, Michael. 1980. Power/Knowledge, Selected Interviews and Other Writings \n             1972 \u2013 1977 (C. Gordon, ed.). New York: Pantheon.    \nGramsci, Aantonio. 1971. Selections from Prison Notebooks. New York: International \n             Publisher. \nKompas. 2004. \u201cBangunan Tuapun Kian Sirna\u201d,  Monday November 1st. \n----------  2005.\u201d85 Persen Bangunan Tua di Kota Medan Memprihatinkan,\u201d Senin \n             May 9th. \nLubis, Akhyar Yusuf. 2006. Dekonstruksi Epistemologi Modern, dari Posmodernisme, \n             Teori Kritis, Paskolonialisme hingga Culltural Studies. Jakarta: Pustaka  \n             Indonesia Satu. \nNuryanti, Wiendu. 1996. \u201dHeritage and Postmodernism Tourism\u201d  in Geoffrey Wall \n              and Wiendu Nuryanti (eds.). Heritage and Tourism, Special Issue, Annals \n             of Tourism Research a Social Sciences Journal. Volume 23 Number 2 \n             ISSN: 0160-7383, pp. 249-260. \nPeraturan Daerah (Perda) Kota Medan Nomor 6 Tahun 1988 tentang Pelestarian  \n             Bangunan dan Lingkungan yang Bernilai Sejarah Arsitektur Kepurbakalaan serta \n             Penghijauan dalam Daerah Kota Medan. \nPerlas, Nicanor. 2000. Shapping Globalization Civil Society, Cultural Power and  \n             Threefolding. New York: CADI and Global Network for Social Threefolding. \nSardar, Ziauddin and Borin Van Loon. 2001. Mengenal Cultural Studies for Beginners \n             (terjemahan). Mizan: Bandung. \nSuarakarya. 2006. \u201cPemda Sumut Membiarkan Bangunan Bersejarah Dihancurkan  \n              Pengusaha\u201d (June 6th): suarakarya.online.com/news.html/?-id:40734. \nTarekat, Hasti. t.t. \u201cBangunan Bersejarah yang MPP (Mati Pelan-Pelan)\u201d. \n \n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n \n\nI wish to thank Rector of Udayana University and Director of Postgraduate Studies \nUdayana University for the opportunity and facilities provided to me when completing \nmy Doctorate Program at Udayana University. I should also like to express my \nappreciation to my promotor, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A;my  first co-promotor, Prof. \nDr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A; and my second co-promotor, Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, M.A \nfor their really helpful guidance and advice in writing this dissertation.  Finally, I am \ngreatly indebted to all the other parties who have assisted me in the process of conducting \nthe research.", "start_char_idx": 26900, "end_char_idx": 29669, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8db70a4d-897f-4697-a750-328ebd506a32": {"__data__": {"id_": "8db70a4d-897f-4697-a750-328ebd506a32", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3569", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "1436b84041dea892c4014ef05de9de43ec0846c28183118de6497161761267aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "35bf9c6e-8f50-4cac-8478-09a4aa35696f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3568", "author": "Surbakti, Asmyta; Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. I Wayan; Parimartha, M.A., Dr. I Gde; Suastika, S.U., Prof. Dr. I Made", "title": " PUSAKA BUDAYA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA MEDAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN BUDAYA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3568.pdf"}, "hash": "9a3ae737826659d412a96e77210ee29f26ffd3790039289785ca729abf956cf6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "02dcc90c-4f33-4c32-b363-12f916121d9f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f11a6f70ecb829d8d528fdf8137d6bcfe1701028e4dfe4dc2b29d886b8d99ae4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Wayan Windia\n\n\n1 \n \n\nCUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND  BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA \nTRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI:  \n\nIN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES \n \n\nI Wayan Windia1 , I Gde Parimartha2, \n Tjok Istri Putri Astita3, Nyoman Drama Putra2  \n\n\u00a0\n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n3Faculty of Law, Udayana University \n\nE-mail: parisudha@yahoo.com \n \n \n \n\nI. INTRODUCTION \n \n\n1.1 Background  \n Every traditional village in Bali \nhas a strong social organization system to \ncreate harmony for its society, including \nthe local genius (Wales, 1948) which can \nestablish peaceful situation such as: \nparas-paros salunglung sebayantaka \n(always together when happy and \nunhappy), tri hita karana (three things \nresulting in welfare, that is, harmonious \nrelationship between man and the \nAlmighty, man and his fellow man, man \nand his environment). This has made \nPowell (1930) call Bali Island \u201cThe Last \nParadise\u201d. This does not mean that Bali is \nfree from conflicts. Based on the \nresearches conducted by Agung (1974; \n2001), Triguna (1997); Pitana (1997; \n1999); Windia (2000); Atmaja (2001); \nDwipayana (2001); Rai (2004); Kerepun \n(2004); Robinson, 2006), Bali has never \nbeen free from any conflicts  \n Not every conflict which happens \nat a traditional village can be stated to be \na customary conflict. As stated by Ter \nHaar (1991), a customary conflict arises \nwhen there is a customary violation \nwhich makes the atmosphere at the \n\nvillage not in harmony.  Out of 112 \nconflicts which happened at the \ntraditional villages between 1999 and \n2005 only 57 or 50, 9 % can be \ncategorized as the customary conflicts. \nThe doers of the conflicts can be given \nsanctions ranging from the lightest one, \nthat is, warning (pamiteket) to the \nheaviest one; that is, customary \nbanishment (kasepekang = being fired \nfrom the traditional village membership.) \nOut of 57 customary conflicts which have \nhappened in Bali, 24 have been settled by \nthe sanction of kasepekan).  \n From the researches conducted, it \nhas been found out  that out of 14 \ntraditional villages at Bungaya 12 have \napplied the customary banishment. The \npeople who have received such \nbanishments are called krama \nnanggulang meaning the members of the \nvillage who are isolated at their own \nvillages for certain cases, but are still \nconsidered as the members of the \nvillages.  A different case happened in \n2004, when I Ketut Surajana Adi Putra \nand his families were not only \ncustomarily banished by Banjar Adat \nKecicang (the smallest traditional \nneighbourhood after the village) but also", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2703, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "02dcc90c-4f33-4c32-b363-12f916121d9f": {"__data__": {"id_": "02dcc90c-4f33-4c32-b363-12f916121d9f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3569", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "1436b84041dea892c4014ef05de9de43ec0846c28183118de6497161761267aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8db70a4d-897f-4697-a750-328ebd506a32", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "d92c6335b25ff794208a3256e8a9c68137386cf6992815cfa6a2b82f77078d4f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "55c946ef-55e7-4c8a-a0e7-58eea9f557a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9bb564dc475789e3094173c5e1927ca56badc6784fa4a986e52ed2305db3cb8b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nby Bungaya traditional village. \nConsequently, they were not  krama \nnanggulang anymore and they were also \nfired from the membership  of  Bungaya \ntraditional village \n Customary conflicts followed by \ncustomary banishments are becoming one \nof the problems in the existence of the \ntraditional villages in Bali, if viewed from \nthe human right point of view. However, \nno deeper researches have been \nconducted so far on this matter.  \nInvestigating customary conflicts from \nthe perspective of cultural studies, the \ntheory of hegemony, the theory of \nconflicts, and the critical legal studies is \nnecessarily conducted in order to find \neasier solutions to the conflicts. .   \n\n \n1.2 Statement of The Problems \n This research was conducted to \nanalyze and answer the following three \nproblems; (1) the factors which have  \ncaused conflicts and customary \nbanishment at Bungaya traditional \nvillage, (2)the mechanism of settling the \nconflicts, and (3) the effect and  meaning \nof customary conflicts and their \nbanishment (kasepekang) at this village.   \n \n1.3 Objectives of The Research \n The general objective of the \nresearch is to investigate the customary \nconflicts which are settled by customary \nbanishment (kasepekang) at Bungaya \ntraditional village. The specific objectives \nof the research are: (1) explaining the \nfactors which have caused the conflicts \nand the customary banishment at \nBungaya village; (2) explaining the \nmechanism of settling the conflicts, (3) \nexplaining the effect and meaning of the \ncustomary conflicts and their banishment \n(kasepekang) at this village, and (4) \nanalyzing the solutions and the effect of \n\nthe customary conflicts which are settled \nby the customary banishment \n(kasepekang).  \n\n1.4  Significance of The Research \n Academically, the result of the \nresearch can (1) contribute to the \ndevelopment of the sociocultural studies, \nespecially the Balinese customary law; \n(2) be used as the basis for further and \ndeeper researches. Practically, the result \nof the research will be beneficial to: (1) \nthe leaders of the traditional village \n(prajuru) in handling the conflicts; (2) the \ntraditional villagers (krama desa) in \nunderstanding the customary sanctions; \nand (3) the governmental institutions in \nmotivating the villagers ( krama desa) to \nbe aware of Balinese cultural values.  \n \n \n \n\nII. LITERARY REVIEW, \nCONCEPTS, THEORITICAL \n\nFRAMEWORK  \nAND RESEARCH MODEL  \n\n \n2.1 Literary Review  \n\nA customary conflict is one of the \nproblems at the traditional villages in \nBali. However, only a few intellectuals \nand researchers in Bali have been \ninterested in investigating this matter. \nFurthermore, what they have investigated \nis only presented in the form of research \nreports. Those researchers are Dherana \n(1975), Januariawan (1996), Suderti \n(1997), and Windia (2000). They have \nfocused more on the customary conflicts \nand  their sanction kasepekang in the \nlegal perspective. \n\nA deep research on traditional \nvillages and Balinese customary law was \ncarried out by V.E. Korn (1932), while", "start_char_idx": 2708, "end_char_idx": 5781, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "55c946ef-55e7-4c8a-a0e7-58eea9f557a1": {"__data__": {"id_": "55c946ef-55e7-4c8a-a0e7-58eea9f557a1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3569", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "1436b84041dea892c4014ef05de9de43ec0846c28183118de6497161761267aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "02dcc90c-4f33-4c32-b363-12f916121d9f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "c72e777f35bf81b24121dbcb6422c3f29b4c25dea3c3868836f31f974b5d8be3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "85ab4885-28fc-468a-9453-7d6c6c710cee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "937f51b435686b763a477cd66917b51cb55803837d9f9e94d68131d612ad62e6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\nWarren (1993) conducted a research on \nthe relationship between traditional \nvillages and official villages within the \nsystem of the Republic of Indonesia. \nThey also discussed about the customary \nbanishment (kasepekang), but their \ndiscussions were not deep.    \n\nPutra Agung (2001),  Rai (2004), \nand Triguna (1997) are also interested in  \nthe customary  banishment but  their \nresearches are only related to  their \nexpertise.  The customary conflicts and \nbanishment cannot only be investigated \nfrom the legal perspective but they are \nnecessarily investigated from \nmultidisciplinary approaches such as the \ntheory of conflict, the theory of law, the \ncritical legal studies, and other critical \nsocial theories such as the theory of \nhegemony which is common in cultural \nstudies.  \n\n  \n2.2 Concepts  \n There are four concepts that are \nused in this study; they are the concepts \nof customary conflicts, customary \nbanishment, traditional villages, and \ncultural studies. A cultural conflict is a \nconflict which happens at a traditional \nvillage and its members. The conflict \narises because of the violation of the \ntraditional norms and /or Hindu norms \nand after the punishment is imposed; \nthose who break the norms are not \nprepared to fulfill what they are obliged \nto by the traditional village resulting in a \nconflict between them.  The customary \nbanishment (kasepekang) means being \nsacked from the village membership. This \nmeans that those upon whom the \nsanctions are imposed do not necessarily \ndo what they have been obliged to by the \ntraditional village (swadharma) and that \nthe privileges they have ever obtained \n\nfrom the traditional village (swadhikara) \nare supposed to be revoked.  \n A traditional village is an \norganization in Balinese society which \nare bound by three things; they are:  (1) \nParahyangan which is in the form of holy \nplaces such as temples ; (2) Palemahan  \nwhich refers to the parcels of land \noccupied by the villagers (karang ayahan \ndesa = the parcles of land which belong \nto the village, and karang gunakaya = the \nparcels of land which belong to the \nindividuals) ; (3) Pawongan which refer \nto the villagers who are Hindus. Cultural \nstudies are an approach which aims at \nobserving a subject matter from the point \nof view of cultural practice and observing \nits relation with power and analyzing the \nsocio political context where culture \nmanifests itself.  \n\n \n2.3 Theoretical Framework \n\nThis research applies three \ntheories such as: (1) the theory of \nconflict, (2) the theory of hegemony, and \n(3) critical Legal Studies. The theory of \nconflict is based on   Hegel\u2019s dialectical \nphilosophy which is then developed by \nKarl Max. The idea of this theory is that a \nconflict takes place when there is an \neconomic gap. This is supported by Ralf \nDahrendorf who says that conflict arises \nwhen the distribution of power and \nauthority is not equal. However, in this \nstudy the conflict theory applied is that \nthe one proposed by Collins who states \nthat a conflict takes place when there is a \nfight over wealth, power and prestige.   \n The theory of hegemony is \nintroduced by an Italian philosopher, \nAntonio Gramsci. He states that this \ntheory is established on the premise that \nideas are important and that the physical \nstrength is insufficient to control the socio", "start_char_idx": 5786, "end_char_idx": 9136, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "85ab4885-28fc-468a-9453-7d6c6c710cee": {"__data__": {"id_": "85ab4885-28fc-468a-9453-7d6c6c710cee", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3569", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "1436b84041dea892c4014ef05de9de43ec0846c28183118de6497161761267aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "55c946ef-55e7-4c8a-a0e7-58eea9f557a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "712f1ca11d817986455c3d9a5e7141974ad166fc0c171160f44d347af364376d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "10c074f9-77cf-4b08-9702-8c4a301dc677", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "52c9d88e3cbf27534b9b4c09e5eb3f862062f84ba095d497d7fae6595d8f72e6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\npolitics. In contrast, Gramsci states that \nhegemony is a form of supremacy of a \ngroup or several groups over another or \nothers. What is intended by supremacy in \nthis case is \u2018domination\u2019, that is, power \nwhich is supported by physical strength.  \n  \n Ccritical legal studies was firstly \nintroduced in 1970  by Richard A. Posner \n\nin his book Frontiers Legal Theory. This \ntheory is under the theory of postmodern \nlaw which   directs its analysis toward the \ncontext where law exists and views causal \nrelationship between a doctrine and text \nwith a reality (Adji Samekto, 2003). \nBased on the above description, the \nresearch model can be diagrammed as \nfollows:  \n\n \n \n2.4 Research Model \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nIII. RESEARCH METHOD \n \n3.1 Location  and Nature of the \nResearch   \n\nThis research was conducted at a \ntraditional village named Bungaya, in \n\nKarangasem regency. The reason why it \nwas decided to be the location where  the \nresearch was carried out is that there were \nsome relatively long customary conflicts \nhere.They appeared 1977 and were settled \nin 2007.Based on the location, this study  \n\n Balinese Customary Law/Rules and \nRegulations of Traditional Villages \n\nCustomary conflicts and \nbanishment at  Bungaya  \n\nFactors causing \ncustomary conflict \n\nand banishment \nkesepakang at  \n\nBungaya \n\nSocioculture / Caste Economics and \nPolitics/Power \n\nSettlement of customary \nconflict and banishment \n\nkesepakang at Bungaya and \nthe responses of the \n\nvillagers involved in the \nconflict  \n\nThe effect of the \ncustomary conflict and \nbanishment kasepekang  \non the life   of the people \nat Bungaya Traditional \n\nVillage    \n\nAmendments in Balinese Customary \nLaw/Rules and Regulations of \n\nTraditional Villages", "start_char_idx": 9141, "end_char_idx": 10910, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "10c074f9-77cf-4b08-9702-8c4a301dc677": {"__data__": {"id_": "10c074f9-77cf-4b08-9702-8c4a301dc677", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3569", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "1436b84041dea892c4014ef05de9de43ec0846c28183118de6497161761267aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "85ab4885-28fc-468a-9453-7d6c6c710cee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "3365604710d866b32965b0ef1173e5ea58ae25c44796e533a0f62ceb98a8750f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e84ff317-747c-4097-9119-db19879fc3df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "86cee8b549778680cfa0efe2a1456f3c816cd2a1bb2905f3856f2646ddbc400b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\ncan be classified as a field research, and \nbased on the nature of  and scope, it can  \nclassified as a  case study  \n \n3.2 Types  and  Data Source \n\nThe data employed in this study \nare quantitative and qualitative data \nwhich were obtained by interviewing the \nvillagers and leaders who were familiar \nwith the customary conflicts at Bungaya \nTraditional village.  \n3.3 Data Collection, Analysis, and \nPresentation \n  The data  were collected by non-\nparticipant observation, that is, by \ninterviewing the leaders who were \nfamiliar with the conflicts and banishment \nof kasepekang  by investigating several \ndocuments which are related to the \nconflicts and the banishment under study. \nThen the data obtained were analyzed \nwith reference to the theories relevant to \nthe perspective of cultural studies. To \nsupport the analysis and the argument, \nsome pictures, photographs and tables are \nalso included.     \n\n \n \n\nIV. RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH \n \n4.1 Factors  Causing the Customary \n\nConflicts and Banishment at \nBungaya Traditional Village \n\nThere were four  factors  causing \nthe customary conflicts and  banishment \nof kasepekang at Bungaya traditional \nvillage from 1999 to 2005. They are: \ncustomary violation , economy, politics, \nand  difference in perception in caste.  \nAmong them, two are easily identified; \nthey are different perception in caste and \ncustomary violation, whereas the factors \nwhich have something to do with \neconomy and politics are not so clear.  \nHowever, loss and gain in economy and \n\nthe fight over power and influence at the \ntraditional village are responsible for \nevery customary conflict and banishment \nof kasepekang at Bungaya Traditional \nVillage.   \n\nThe customary  conflict involving \nthe  Bungaya traditional village and Adi \nPutra and friends which is  the focus of \nthis study resulted from  different \nperception in caste. Adi Putra and friends \nwere stated to  break  the customary law \npertaining at  the village, that is, they \nhave added  \u201cI Gusti\u201d to their names  \nsince 1977. They have done this because \nthey believe in the inscription (prasasti) \ninherited from their ancestors.  \n\n \n4.2 Mechanism in Handling the \nConflicts at  Bungaya \n\nIn general, the conflicts at \nBungaya traditional village were settled \nin three mechanisms, they are: (1) the \ninternal mechanism, which was done by \nthe leaders starting from the smallest unit \n(tempekan), the higher one (traditional \nbanjar) and the highest one (traditional \nvillage) with reference to the customary \nrules and regulations pertaining at the \nvillage. (2)  the external mechanism, in \nwhich the customary conflicts were \nsettled by the governmental institutions \nsuch as the Police and Court with \nreference to the criminal law (KUHP)and  \nto the  rules and  regulations beyond \nKUHP.; (3) the combination of internal \nand external mechanism, that is,  the \ntraditional village leaders coordinated \nwith the governmental institutions and \nother Hindu-related organizations with \nreference to the rules and regulations \napplicable at Bungaya Traditional \nVillage, and other rules and regulations \nmade by the  Hindu-related institutions \nand related to Balinese Customary Law.", "start_char_idx": 10915, "end_char_idx": 14117, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e84ff317-747c-4097-9119-db19879fc3df": {"__data__": {"id_": "e84ff317-747c-4097-9119-db19879fc3df", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3569", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "1436b84041dea892c4014ef05de9de43ec0846c28183118de6497161761267aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "10c074f9-77cf-4b08-9702-8c4a301dc677", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "db1503845069fca4a7a307a33bce3155f01c9974c19884be37dbbd220a1c36db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8686de97-ea0c-444e-826c-983af089f023", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "82783910fc3c58b7cb3d49266b5b5872684a9aee0051cbbbf6c1cf5cc9791a5a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\nThe customary conflicts between \nBungaya Traditional Village and Adi \nPutra and friends  were initially settled by \ninternal mechanism and finally by \ncombined mechanism, which is the focus \nof this study, at the Regent\u2019s office in \nKarangasem on the 5th of October, 2004.   \n \n4.3 Effect and  Meaning of the \n\nCustomary Conflicts and \nBanishment (kasepekang)  at \nBungaya village. \n\n \n The customary conflicts at \nBungaya Traditional Village affected   \nboth Adi Putra and friends and the \ntraditional village itself. Adi Putra and \nfriends encountered difficulties in \ncarrying out their social and religious \nactivities after the sanction kasepekang \nwas imposed upon them. It  also affected \nBungaya Traditional Village. There was \nan impression that the traditional village \nwas awkwardly applied its rules and \nregulations on its members who broke the \ncustomary law.  \n The important meaning of such a \nsettlement is that imposing kasepekang, \nalthough in accordance with the \napplicable customary law, was not the \nbest solution. In other words, it did not \nsettle the conflicts perfectly. This means \nthat the customary law so far applied at \nthe traditional village should be \ninterpreted within the context of diversity \nat the village.  \n   \n\nV. RESEARCH FINDINGS \n \n\nTheoretically, it was found that \nthere was hegemony and a domination of \none group over another at Bungaya \nTraditional Village. However, no \ncomplete hegemony and domination was \nfound because there was always an \n\nopposition. The opposition came from the \ngroup who  felt to be dominated and \nhegemonized but had economic capital \nsuch as Adi Putra and friends in order to \nget access to cultural capital and social \ncapital. The customary conflicts were \nmade to appear not due to the inequity in \nthe distribution of material, power and \nauthority (the seen elements/sekala) but \nwere also made to appear by the \ndifference in belief (the unseen elements \n= niskala) such as the interpretation of the \ninscription inherited from their ancestors.   \n\nA practical finding of this research \nwas that the customary law and sanction \nwere basically made to create harmony \n(kasukertan) both physicaly and mentally \nat the village. However, the customary \nlaw and sanction were found not to be in \naccordance with the era development and \nthe human rights. In addition, it was \nfound that such a sanction was applied \nfollowing the irresponsible big voices \n(briuk siu) instead of the rules and \nregulations. The sanction intended is \nkasepekang.   \n\n \n \n\nVI. CONCLUSIONS AND \nSUGGESTIONS \n\n \n The factors which were responsible \n\nfor the customary  conflicts and \nbanishment at Bungaya Traditional \nVillage from  1999 to 2005 are: \ncustomary violation factor, economic \nfactor, political factor, and the difference \nin  perception of caste.  Among the four \nfactors, two weere very easily recognized; \nthey are customary violation factor and   \nthe difference in perception of caste, \nwhereas the other two factors were not as \nclear as the first two ones. However, the \nconsideration of gain and loss in economy \nand the fight over influence and power at", "start_char_idx": 14123, "end_char_idx": 17264, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8686de97-ea0c-444e-826c-983af089f023": {"__data__": {"id_": "8686de97-ea0c-444e-826c-983af089f023", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3569", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "1436b84041dea892c4014ef05de9de43ec0846c28183118de6497161761267aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e84ff317-747c-4097-9119-db19879fc3df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "c0bbf04673ec97e96dacd62d4647c336f54657247ad41eb7f62d47418e0ee010", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b1004348-c7cf-4a38-848a-fa70db36ef96", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d952d2a6a2cb6d968cbc9ca7b5931a7822972573ebd685fc595d45e79175044d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7 \n \n\nthe traditional village were found in every \nconflict. The conflict between Bungaya \nTraditional Village and Adi Putra and \nfriends were made to appear due to the \ncustomary law violation and the \ndifference in perception of caste.  \n\nThe customary conflicts at \nBungaya Traditional Village were settled \nby three mechanisms, they are: (1)  the  \ninternal mechanism following the \norganizational structure  of the society, \nthat is, starting from the lowest unit \n(tempekan), the higher unit (banjar) and \nthe last is the highest unit (the traditional \nvillage); (2)  the  external mechanism \nwhich involved the governmental \ninstitutions, the police and court with \nreference to Criminal Law (KUHP) and \nthe rules and regulations beyond it;  (3) \nthe combined mechanism, that is, the \ntraditional village leaders coordinated \nwith the governmental institutions and \nother Balinese tradition- and  Hindu-\nrelated organizations in Bali. The \nconflicts were settled by referring to the \napplicable rules and regulations, the \nnational rules and regulations and other \nrules and regulations governing Hindu \nfollowers. The customary  conflict \nbetween  Bungaya Traditional Village  \nand Adi Putra and friends were settled by \nthe combined mechanism on October 5th, \n2004 at the Karangasem  Regent\u2019s Office.  \n The customary conflict and the \nsanction kasepekang affected those who \nwere involved in the conflicts. Adi Putra \nand friends   found  difficulties in \ncarrying out  their  activities related to \nparhyangan such as religious activities, \nrelated to pawongan such as social and \neconomic activities, and related to \npalemahan  such as the occupation of \nsome parcels of land belonging to the \ntraditional village. The traditional village  \n\nsounded to have awkwardly imposed the \ncustomary law upon its members who  \nviolated the rules and regulations \npertaining at the village.    \n The important meaning which can \nbe presented is that the settlement of the \ncustomary violation by imposing the \ncustomary banishment kasepekang, \nalthough in accordance with the rules and \nregulations pertaining at the traditional \nvillage,  turned out not to be able to settle \nthe problems perfectly. The change in one \nor some aspects of terms of address which \ndid not lead to the change in caste did not \nrelatively result in any consequences \nincluding the customary conflicts.   \n\nThe suggestions which can be \noffered are : firstly, the  traditional village  \nshould dare state that the  sanction of \nkasepekang  is not applicable  anymore, \nand should dare change the provisions of  \nthe written and unwritten rules and \nregulations (known as kuna dresta) which \nunlikely create peace (kasukertan) \nphysically and mentally (sekala and \nniskala) at the traditional village, because \nthey are not in accordance with  the era \ndevelopment and human rights. Secondly, \nit is necessary for the traditional village \nleaders to change orientation. They do not \nonly refer to the big irresponsible voices \n(briuk siyu), but should also pay attention \nto the norms commonly applicable and \nhuman rights.    \n Academically, it is suggested that \nfurther researches be conducted \nconcerning the customary conflicts in \nBali in order to find out the mechanism \nsuitable for handling the customary \nconflicts and to match the universal \ntheoretical concepts of social sciences and \ncultural studies with those of Bali local \ngenius such as the concepts of seen \nelements and unseen elements.", "start_char_idx": 17269, "end_char_idx": 20756, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b1004348-c7cf-4a38-848a-fa70db36ef96": {"__data__": {"id_": "b1004348-c7cf-4a38-848a-fa70db36ef96", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35696", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9b8d02e1e7aeeab29f795f03b1b4a9403c629b90d2c5ef5ef677bdd59750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8686de97-ea0c-444e-826c-983af089f023", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3569", "author": "Windia, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Putri Astita, Tjok Istri; Drama Putra, Nyoman", "title": " CUSTOMARY CONFLICT AND BANISHMENT \u2018KASEPEKANG\u2019 AT BUNGAYA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI: IN THE PERPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3569.pdf"}, "hash": "0c76cd7d394992972fcbb023cbf77297c332c15bb6828e71792fb793a5562647", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "06d1dffa-6ddb-447a-8f15-5d828bb602e1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1438dfd1426e2049ea46a0d76a16df9f23abb168ef7b4724e2c727f648208032", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Putu Lirishati 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nKARANG MEMADU:  \nAN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN  \n\n \nPutu Lirishati Soethama \n\nFaculty of Cultural Sciences, Udayana University \n Email: lirishatinya@yahoo.com \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n\nModernization illustrates that traditional life does not provide enough roles and \nopportunities for women. Tradition is often interpreted as a restraint and persecution of \nwomen. It is no exaggeration to say that in traditional and modern life, polygamy is a legit and \napproved act. Polygamy is detrimental to women, making them suffer and helpless. However, \nin traditional village of Penglipuran, Bangli regency, Bali, polygamy is prohibited. Men who \nviolate customary rules as outlined in the awig-awig of the village should be sentenced. This \nstudy aims to provide a basic and simple description of Karang Memadu, a unique tradition \nof Penglipuran. The purpose of this research is assisted by using library study method, \ninterview with informants and the community of Penglipuran Village, as well as observation \nand capturing the life of the community by photographic equipment. \n\nThe local wisdom of Karang Memadu in traditional village Penglipuan is an effort to \nprotect women from polygamy. Customary sanctions must be acknowledged: prohibited from \nentering the temple area, prohibited from passing the village road up to disgrace of being \nisolated are effectively make the couple of polygamy can not be encountered in the village \nPenglipuran. Although this awig-awig is in contrast to Law No. 1 of article 3 verse 2 of 1974 \non the legitimacy of polygamy, the terms are in accordance with article 5 stated polygamy \nmay be ratified if there is a consent from the previous wife. This is the essence of Karang \nMemadu, no women are men\u2019s second wive. Thus, it would have a greater value if Karang \nMemadu should not only be taken part as oral customary rules but also considered as as \nwritten one. \n\nKeywords: Karang Memadu, Penglipuran, polygamy, tradition. \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nTradition is often interpreted as out of date, old-fashioned. In modern life, tradition is \n\noften accused of impeding the pace of development, unresponsive. Many people flock to \n\nleave tradition just to be called modern. Uniquely, modern humans are also proud to be able \n\nto perform activities related to tradition, because of this personal connection to the tradition \n\nthey are able to differentiate their characteristics as a group and a tribe compare with others.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2831, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "06d1dffa-6ddb-447a-8f15-5d828bb602e1": {"__data__": {"id_": "06d1dffa-6ddb-447a-8f15-5d828bb602e1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35696", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9b8d02e1e7aeeab29f795f03b1b4a9403c629b90d2c5ef5ef677bdd59750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b1004348-c7cf-4a38-848a-fa70db36ef96", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ed8df69f836061dc2ef1129977c72597ef800082b847f67671c135676f8c2057", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bdb3bc76-eeaf-402e-9807-15f3f631130f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c4a2fd3467659dd05bdc03bd3796737358814e412121fc8dfd24f5b296e5661f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\nModernization also notes that traditional life does not provide enough roles and \n\nopportunities for women. Giddens (2005) in his book Konsekuensi-Konsekuensi Modernitas \n\nsays that the global risks of modernization appear to be an ecological and social risks. \n\nTradition is often interpreted as restraint and persecution of women. The activists of equal \n\nrights are always try to enter the realm of modernization, and often denounce tradition when \n\nthey fight for women's rights. \n\nPutra (2000) in his article of Sarad magazine describes the writing of Hugh Mabbett \n\nin The Balinese that the independent of Balinese women in the field of economics and finance \n\nseemed stronger nowadays. Balinese women have autonomy in the economy because they \n\nare also working for money. Markets and commerce, where they work, are clearly the territory \n\nof women. \n\nMany more men are engaged in trading and other commercial activities give result in \n\nincreasingly pressured Balinese women into domestic affairs. A man will be easily place a \n\nwoman, in this case his wife, to a lower status than himself. This also triggers the justification \n\nof men on polygamy. He has worked hard to earn a living, met his wife at home but did not \n\nget the treatment he hoped for, and wreaked out his disappointment by finding another dream \n\nwoman. Without him nooticing, the wife also has worked hard at home to keep a comfortable \n\nhouse and she also needed to be entitled to get the treatment as she desired from her \n\nhusband. It is no exaggeration to say, in traditional and modern life, polygamy is a \"legit\" and \n\napproved action. Each of us are also aware, polygamy is detrimental to women, making them \n\nsuffer and helpless. \n\nLBH APIK on their homepage http://www.lbh-apik.or.id/srn-pers-poligami (2016) \n\nreveals some of the suffering arise from polygamy experienced by first wives as well as other \n\nwives and their children. There were 58 cases of polygamy accompanied by LBH-APIK during \n\nthe period 2014-2016 showed forms of violence against wives and children, ranging from \n\npsychological pressure, physical abuse, neglection of wives and children, threats and terror \n\nand abandonment of wives sexual rights. Meanwhile, there were also many cases conducted \n\nwithout apparent reason (35 cases). Based on the existing data, polygamy encourages the \n\nhigh rate of divorce filed by a wife. \n\nHowever, in traditional village of Penglipuran Bangli, Bali, polygamy is prohibited. Men \n\nwho violate customary rules as outlined in the awig-awig of the village should be sentenced.", "start_char_idx": 2837, "end_char_idx": 5699, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bdb3bc76-eeaf-402e-9807-15f3f631130f": {"__data__": {"id_": "bdb3bc76-eeaf-402e-9807-15f3f631130f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35696", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9b8d02e1e7aeeab29f795f03b1b4a9403c629b90d2c5ef5ef677bdd59750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "06d1dffa-6ddb-447a-8f15-5d828bb602e1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "f533fa9d33a45ce839e1d9f5171b0d1df40d60fca1ab4cce50a2604e964d72e4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9c83b4ce-76be-4dc0-b8f8-a7a70b9a3c99", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "590e50a62afc730dc34bd410081d359a0623a23270a445794ec6081cb3ccf34c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nPenglipuran women are defended and protected by this awig-awig. We will not see any \n\nwomen being as a second wife in this village.  \n\nThe purpose of this article is to discuss the issue of the protection of Karang Memadu \n\nfor Balinese women from the act of polygamy in Penglipuran Village, Bangli, Bali. This writing \n\nis also has aim to reveal the connection of the tradition of Karang Memadu, a very old and \n\nauthentic tradition of Penglipuran Village with modern law of marriage. \n\nThrough this article we get insight of how Balinese women are protected from \n\npolygamy act and the form of sanctions imposed for polygamous men in the village. This \n\narticle can also be a mirror or self reflection, that tradition has a wisdom which can be used \n\nas a perspective of life for the modern people. In accordance with that, this awig-awig in the \n\nvillage of Penglipuran can be used as a reference to defend and to protect women from \n\npolygamy act. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nTo meet the need for a complete and reliable data in the writing of this article, several \n\nways have been done by following the correct method as well as the procedures for the \n\npreparation of writing in general. The research methods used were library research, that is \n\nthe way to obtain theoretical data, and field research to complete the empirical data. The field \n\nresearch method was used for interview with informants and the community of Penglipuran \n\nVillage, as well as observation and capturing the life of the community by photographic \n\nequipment.  \n\nThe qualitative data collected from interviews, observations, and data collection from \n\nthe internet, were summarized again to be explained descriptively by emphasizing at the core \n\nof the interview and the specific events on the field. This method of writing is in line with the \n\ndiscussion of Koentjaraningrat (1985) in his book Metode-Metode Penelitian Masyarakat that \n\nto meet scientific provisions, then the symptoms in the community should be explained \n\ndescriptively by the researchers.", "start_char_idx": 5704, "end_char_idx": 8034, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9c83b4ce-76be-4dc0-b8f8-a7a70b9a3c99": {"__data__": {"id_": "9c83b4ce-76be-4dc0-b8f8-a7a70b9a3c99", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35696", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9b8d02e1e7aeeab29f795f03b1b4a9403c629b90d2c5ef5ef677bdd59750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bdb3bc76-eeaf-402e-9807-15f3f631130f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "d83e507bec80436b3026e616f6d240886b14cedce8e8eba900af61e5e3ba3590", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7c2b619a-bd80-4534-aae9-8c24fefb2351", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c347de079f06fcd1b48cc45a74782a650405de4698f435b3ea7bfbdd036f840e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nPenglipuran villagers need to be grateful that they have uniqueness as a traditional \n\nvillage. These traditions still signify their clear imprints. The traditional village of Penglipuran \n\nis located in Bangli Regency, 45km from Denpasar. This indigenous village which is also a \n\ntourist attraction is very easy to achieve, because it is located on the main road of Kintamani-\n\nBangli. Penglipuran village also looks so beautiful, can be felt once entering the village area. \n\nIn the area of catus pata, the landmark when entering Penglipuran Village, there is a village \n\nhall, community facility and an open space for cropping which is also functioned as the \n\nwelcoming area. (Kusuma, 2017) \n\nSoethama (1995) in his book Sang Juara, Sembilan Desa Terpilih di Bali expresses \n\nin scenic words a bit of Penglipuran life. Those who returned from the garden enliven the \n\nvillage road every afternoon. They carry coconut, firewood, or bananas. Children are also \n\nappear playing on the edge of a clean ditch, or on the steps of the house during the day. If \n\nwe enter the house of Penglipuran people, we must be welcomed by old people. They sit idly \n\nin the kitchen, which also became their bedroom. \n\nTherefore, it becomes very interesting when they have a tradition against polygamy \n\nissued in oral awig-awig. Any polygamous men will be thrown into Karang Memadu, a 13-\n\nacre area dedicated to families of two wives. The family living in Karang Memadu has \n\nabstinences. They are restricted: to enter the temple area because they have not been \n\nthrough village ceremonies, to participate in the village organizational structure, and they will \n\nbe excommunicated while they are still living in Karang Mempadu. \n\nThere is no permanent house inside Karang Memadu. Although there is a house, the \n\nbuilding is very simple and neglected. If there is a couple who are involved in the process, \n\nthen that's when the villagers build a small and simple temporary home for their residence. \n\nThe span of time they occupy this house is unspecified, up to the man can divorce one of \n\nthem, either the first wife or the second wife. Due to the large area of this Karang Memadu, \n\n13 acres, and located in the lowest area of the Penglipuran Village, it will not appear to be a \n\nproblem if there are several couples who merge and facing the same process at once. They \n\nwill all be placed in one yard but will have a different temporary home. This house is made of \n\nbamboo and thatch roof. It is not a decent house for long occupied, even the community has \n\nimpression of such a house like a cowshed.", "start_char_idx": 8045, "end_char_idx": 10956, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7c2b619a-bd80-4534-aae9-8c24fefb2351": {"__data__": {"id_": "7c2b619a-bd80-4534-aae9-8c24fefb2351", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35696", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9b8d02e1e7aeeab29f795f03b1b4a9403c629b90d2c5ef5ef677bdd59750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9c83b4ce-76be-4dc0-b8f8-a7a70b9a3c99", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "39025f9e095d4899183721353fa53efda91e5d048e38eaedd468e1b2a2bf5133", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a8f59b05-9366-4d79-9a24-2dc24da908e8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5e2a5d00af3b291b53bc2b0826f43835c3de81dd5e46c814c2eb20078b1552db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\nWindia (2006) in his book Pengantar Hukum Adat Bali explains that Balinese \n\ncustomary law is a law that grows within the Balinese customary law community based on \n\nthe teachings of religion (Hinduism) and grows to follow the customs and feelings of propriety \n\nin the Balinese customary law community itself. Similarly, custom law / awig-awig applied in \n\nthe traditional village of Penglipuran. Although there are no written rules on Karang Memadu, \n\nbut the village has written customs laws about families or people who are prohibited from \n\nentering the temple. One of them is bride and groom who have not completed the marriage \n\nceremony. It also applied to couples of Karang Memadu, those who have not officially \n\ndivorced from their first wive, have not been able to perform a marriage ceremony, they are \n\nautomatically can not enter the temple area. \n\nThe regulation is arranged in customary law/awig-awig of Penglipuran which contains \n\n8 chapters/sargah, 69 articles/paos. Paos 39 regulates restrictions of entering the temple \n\narea: \n\nPaos 39 \n\n1. Tan kelugra ngeranjing ke pura: \n\n1.1 Sang sebel kandel luwire \n\n1.1.1 Ngeraja suwala \n\n1.1.2 Madruwe oka, manut sengker \n\n1.1.3 Sang alaki rabi (penganten) sedurung puput upakara pawiwahan. \n\nPaos 39 states that the bride and groom who have not completed the wedding ceremony are \n\nprohibited from entering the temple area, in accordance with awig-awig Karang Memadu. If \n\nthere are unmarried Memadu couples, in addition to occupying the Karang Memadu, they are \n\nalso prohibited from entering the temple area, due to their illegal unmarried status. \n\nIn the website of kemenag.co.id (2017) on Law No. 1 article 3 verse 2 of 1974 \n\nconcerning marriage states: The court may grant permission to a husband to have more than \n\none wife if desired by the parties concerned. The justification by the Religious Courts to grant \n\nthe permission due to the disability of the wife, unable to carry out her duties and unable to \n\ngive birth to a child. However, article 5 in this act stipulates several requirements that must \n\nbe fulfilled for the husband to legalize polygamy, namely:", "start_char_idx": 10961, "end_char_idx": 13392, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a8f59b05-9366-4d79-9a24-2dc24da908e8": {"__data__": {"id_": "a8f59b05-9366-4d79-9a24-2dc24da908e8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35696", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9b8d02e1e7aeeab29f795f03b1b4a9403c629b90d2c5ef5ef677bdd59750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7c2b619a-bd80-4534-aae9-8c24fefb2351", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "897d85655d7951a018c62eb83c9e04b107e75a44b63b0eeaec5b289468c99517", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "391eb364-70c7-4a72-9061-5525b5bce5fa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0e76dadd4cb739cf178da49f2aad0e0432caf66a9f10d0bbbd7d276a61875bb7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\na. the consent of the wife; \n\nb. the assurance of the husband that he is capable in giving guarantee of life necessities \n\nfor his wive and their children (material); \n\nc. the assurance of the husband that he will be impartial to his wives and their children \n\n(immaterial). \n\nThe marriage law provides legitimacy for men to practice polygamy in contrast to the \n\nKarang Memadu that does not provide a place for men to be polygamous. Meanwhile the \n\nrequirements to be fulfilled seem to be in accordance with the local wisdom of Karang \n\nMemadu. Men are forced to be effortful if they want to conduct polygamy by the enforcement \n\nof these conditions. In the case of Karang Memadu, to be able to legalize their marriage, \n\nfirstly couples entering the Karang Memadu area should divorce their previous wives. \n\nAppended with custom sanctions of disallowance of entering the temple area, ostracized and \n\ndisallowance of passing the village road are enough to make them rethink thousands of times \n\nto occupy the Karang Memadu and to join in polygamy community. \n\nKarang Memadu is indeed an attempt to protect women, but it does not mean that this \n\nregulation saves women from the men\u2019s play completely. A man is allowed to marry several \n\ntimes, but he can not stay in one roof with two wives. If he has intention to get married again, \n\nhe must divorce his previous wife. If by mistake, negligence, a woman already impregnated \n\nby a married man, he may choses one of them to be his legal wife. The man could divorce \n\nthe first wife, or choose the recent pregnant woman or even return to the arms of the first wife. \n\nUntil this stage of process women are still deteriorate. They become a creature that \n\nyield to destiny, while men are not subjected to any sanctions from the village. They are \n\nallowed to be a member of the village as long as they have one wife only. They posses their \n\nrights as a villager again as normal. They could have held a place of honor in the village \n\nadministration structure. Karang Memadu is almost never inhabited, because the average of \n\nPenglipuran people are terrified and very embarrassed to live in there. They are completely \n\nostracized, prohibited from passing the village road and prohibited from entering holy areas. \n\nWayan Suryadnyana said, once, tens of hundreds of years ago, there was a couple \n\noccupy Karang Memadu. Only less than two days they occupied it, because the man finally \n\nmanaged to divorce his first wife and married the second wife. The incident that he heard \n\nfrom his mother deceased that this only ever happened once in Penglipuran. There is also a \n\nstory from Nengah Kajeng. About 50 years ago, a family almost entered Karang Memadu.", "start_char_idx": 13397, "end_char_idx": 16396, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "391eb364-70c7-4a72-9061-5525b5bce5fa": {"__data__": {"id_": "391eb364-70c7-4a72-9061-5525b5bce5fa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35696", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9b8d02e1e7aeeab29f795f03b1b4a9403c629b90d2c5ef5ef677bdd59750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a8f59b05-9366-4d79-9a24-2dc24da908e8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "e8d2d7634ec3c9c2279692f453a1da5ce0a4defae5f52feeac45ff3a2091cfb1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b222b3cd-4fb2-48b6-852d-00fd05af75ce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "579f25a231ac27c3fb6ced60b6719930ebcb7b91693c03f8315b085411c93c8a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\nThen suddenly the second wife seemed to concede so they abort occupying Karang Memadu \n\nand the man returned to his first wife. \n\nThe data from this narrative provide evidence that Penglipuran people are afraid of \n\npolygamy. They generally feel afraid of being ostracized and feel humiliated if they have to \n\noccupy Karang Memadu. Because of that we can find many married-divorced couples in the \n\nvillage of Penglipuran. Even adultery becomes a painful but giving solution act to some of \n\nthem. Like the story of Wayan Suryadnyana\u2019s mother. His father married his mother with the \n\nstatus of his first wife, and then divorced her to get married again with another woman. The \n\ndivorced woman decided to return home. Seized by the face and journey of his ex-sister-in-\n\nlaw's life, the younger brother of Suryadnyana's father (uncle) decided to marry the widow of \n\nhis brother. So Suryadnyana's mother canceled her intention to return back home to her \n\nparents, and finally remained in Penglipuran Village as the wife of her ex-husband\u2019s brother. \n\nPrior to this day, Karang Memadu has never been occupied by Penglipuran residents. \n\nThe awig-awig of Karang Memadu seems to exploit the feeling of humiliation. The \n\nembarrassment of having to occupy the Karang Memadu, the embarrassment of being \n\nostracized, the embarrassment of unable to enter the temple area even the embarrassment \n\nof unable to cross the village road. But the humiliation without Karang Memadu also appears \n\nnot effective enough to make the men of Penglipuran abort their intention in polygamy. \n\nKarang Memadu becomes Coral Combine so necessary and substantial to realize the feeling \n\nof humiliated. \n\nThus they occupy Karang Memadu, the humiliation will be more substantial for the \n\nhearsay and scandal of all villagers. Kulkul has beaten indicates an important event \n\nhappened. Banten pecaruan prepared to clean up the dirty village due to polygamy incident, \n\nrequire much cost to be taken into account by the citizens who want to conduct polygamy. At \n\nleast 5 million rupiahs needed only for once banten pecaruan. Karang Memadu effective in \n\npreventing women of Penglipuran from husband\u2019s intention of polygamy.  \n\nA tour guide, Degus, said, he never missed telling the story of Karang Memadu \n\neverytime he brings foreign and domestic guests. They always respond to this story with high \n\nenthusiasm. From all over the world, perhaps the extraordinary values that are told in the \n\nlocal wisdom of Karang Memadu can only be found in Penglipuran Village. Jack Holden, a", "start_char_idx": 16401, "end_char_idx": 19249, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b222b3cd-4fb2-48b6-852d-00fd05af75ce": {"__data__": {"id_": "b222b3cd-4fb2-48b6-852d-00fd05af75ce", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35696", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9b8d02e1e7aeeab29f795f03b1b4a9403c629b90d2c5ef5ef677bdd59750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "391eb364-70c7-4a72-9061-5525b5bce5fa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "dabbd5a3fa9464204742aa66d3d113bac6dd059a0e3050743e61ed652bb21071", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f8299064-ffdc-48ad-abbb-3e0b70c4d7f5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7433c195234f6ce5520e151eff14c7cb133adcec1800bc8b293b5be7fddceb49", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nDutch traveler complied what Degus said, \u201cIt is such a great value. Protecting the women of \n\nthe village from polygamy. We\u2019ve traveled to places and never found this tradition elsewhere.\u201d \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nThe local wisdom of Karang Memadu in the traditional village of Penglipuan is an \n\nattempt to protect women from polygamy, although it does not mean that this customary rule \n\nsaves women completely from men's wrong behaviour. The existence of Karang Memadu \n\nmakes the men of Penglipuran rethink thousands of times to conduct polygamy. The \n\ncustomary sanctions which must be acknowledged are very embarrassing to them. They are \n\nprohibited from entering the temple area, prohibited from passing the village road up to \n\ndisgrace from being isolated are effectively make the couple of polygamy can not be \n\nencountered in the village of Penglipuran. Thus, if there are Penglipuran villagers who want \n\nto divorce and remarry, they have to prepare themselves. First example can be taken \n\nconsidered from solving the problem that causes them to file for divorce in the family. \n\nMediation before divorce is necessary. \n\nAlthough this awig-awig is in contrast to Law No. 1 of article 3 verse 2 of 1974 on the \n\nlegitimacy of polygamy, the terms are in accordance with article 5 stated polygamy may be \n\nratified if there is a consent from the previous wife. Men are forced to be effortful if they want \n\nto conduct polygamy by the enforcement of these conditions. It is definitely not an easy step \n\nto get permission to marry again from the first wife. If permission is not granted, then divorce \n\nwould be the solution. This is the essence of Karang Memadu, no women are men\u2019s second \n\nwive. Thus, it would have a greater value if Karang Memadu should not only be taken part as \n\noral customary rules but also considered as as written one. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGMENTS  \n\nThe author would like to thank the parties who have helped the completion of writing \n\nof this article, Karang Memadu: An Antipolygamy Village Called Penglipuran. The highest \n\ngratitude to the Rector of Udayana University, Head of Doctoral Program of Cultural Studies \n\nand Editor in Chief of E-Journal of Cultural Studies for the opportunity given to author to \n\nenliven this issue of E-Journal of Cultural Studies. A humble gratitude goes to Gde Aryantha", "start_char_idx": 19254, "end_char_idx": 21889, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f8299064-ffdc-48ad-abbb-3e0b70c4d7f5": {"__data__": {"id_": "f8299064-ffdc-48ad-abbb-3e0b70c4d7f5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35696", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "ceaa9b8d02e1e7aeeab29f795f03b1b4a9403c629b90d2c5ef5ef677bdd59750", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b222b3cd-4fb2-48b6-852d-00fd05af75ce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "5ed7d261e94fdb5ccc6cf524e98af275421720783233fcf5a1a52f1bf1bd1df5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4e8dc42a-89c2-4f63-b5ec-05a5dc5b4b77", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "97c63d98b69628b70b232c5865c5d9241e48ee3e218a12ee15eb8281eda565b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                       November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\nfor all the suggestions, discussion time and criticism given for the development of this article. \n\nHopefully this article can provide us many benefits. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nGiddens, Antony. 2005. Konsekuensi-Konsekuensi Modernitas. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nKoentjaraningrat. 1985. Metode-Metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka \nUtama, \n\nKusuma, Barry. (2017) Budaya Desa Adat Penglipuran. [Online]. Available: \nhttp://www.navigasi.net/goart.php?a=budsplpr \n\nLBH APIK. 2015. Homepage on Poligami sebagai Bentuk Kekerasan yang Paling Nyata atas \nHarkat dan Martabat Perempuan sebagai Manusia di dalam Hukum, Sosial Budaya \ndan Agama. [Online]. Available: http://www.lbh-apik.or.id/srn-pers-poligami. \n\nPutra, Nyoman Darma, Di Antara Pesona dan Tanggung Jawab. Denpasar: Sarad, 2000, vol. \n03. \n\nSoethama, Gde Aryantha. 1995. Sang Juara, Sembilan Desa Terpilih di Bali. Denpasar: Biro \nHumas dan Protokol Setwilda Tk I Bali. \n\nUndang-Undang No 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan. [Online]. Available: \nhttps://kemenag.go.id/file/dokumen/UUPerkawinan.pdf. \n\nWindia, Wayan. P. 2006. Pengantar Hukum Adat Bali. Denpasar: Lembaga Dokumentasi dan \nPublikasi Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana.", "start_char_idx": 21894, "end_char_idx": 23387, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4e8dc42a-89c2-4f63-b5ec-05a5dc5b4b77": {"__data__": {"id_": "4e8dc42a-89c2-4f63-b5ec-05a5dc5b4b77", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35697", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7e063479528e71deecd943b38995f21377bca40c23614cec391ae0aefb3160de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f8299064-ffdc-48ad-abbb-3e0b70c4d7f5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35696", "author": "Soethama, Putu Lirishati", "title": " KARANG MEMADU: AN ANTIPOLYGAMY VILLAGE CALLED PENGLIPURAN", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35696.pdf"}, "hash": "8c374161bd8a460fcb3657824e18ebc3725dcec9a1208759014e038cdabb3f79", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2d6bfe4e-1f13-4e9a-9113-992edcb496d5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2fc0853a851c9404c7f78fe088df933c92c0233e1bd6151026ee17f521014d65", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Mutria Farheni 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nLIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI \nAS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE  \n\n \nMutria Farhaeni \n\nI Nyoman Suarka \nI Nyoman Dhana \n\nNi Luh Ardjani \nSTIE Bali International Institute of Tourism Management \n\nemail: riafarhaeni@gmail.com \n \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n\n The purpose of this research is to find out the life style in the post-land sale in Kutuh \nVillage, South Kuta District, Badung Regency, Bali. This research begins with an inventory of \nthe people who sell the land and then classified into several lifestyles. The data and \ninformation reviewed the lifestyle implications of post-land sales people. This research was \nconducted by survey and observation method toward the lifestyle of the community after the \nland sale. Data collection techniques used are in the form of interviews.  \n\n From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the lifestyle implications of \nsociety have been found to describe the existence of lifestyle changes: consumptive society, \ncreative economy society, gender equality in the distribution of land sales and modern \nhousehold pretext, in addition the people are unable to maintain their ancestral heritage. \n\nKeywords: lifestyle, sale of land, implication, modernity. \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n The title of this study indicates that what is highlighted is the lifestyle implications of \n\nthe community in Kutuh Village, especially those who have sold the land. Implicitly this title \n\nalso reflects the assumption that the proceeds from the sale of the land are accompanied by \n\ncommunity actions that show their lifestyle changes. \n\n Originally the land they were selling was dry land farming, which the owners used \n\nto grow crops like beans, corn and tubers like cassava and sweet potatoes. Thus, it can be \n\nseen that the socio-economic status of Kutuh villagers who sell the land is as a farmer. They \n\nare farmers of Kutuh Village. Their goal is to sell the land, of course, to earn money, and the", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2325, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2d6bfe4e-1f13-4e9a-9113-992edcb496d5": {"__data__": {"id_": "2d6bfe4e-1f13-4e9a-9113-992edcb496d5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35697", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7e063479528e71deecd943b38995f21377bca40c23614cec391ae0aefb3160de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4e8dc42a-89c2-4f63-b5ec-05a5dc5b4b77", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "74d6ed80bbabd29a9a580dd6a63b592011e3f11df173499938241f2e97e61770", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a1c00e80-7881-44b8-a500-115c297f1d8b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "73497fa39a115955ecd353cff49d0eb4c7e6435669f8fab0e944d73f2c2f38a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nmoney it earns is used to buy the goods available in the markets that they need, for example, \n\nfor the sake of lifestyle. \n\n Concerning the farmers' lifestyles it is known the theory of \"The Lifestyle of Village \n\nFarmers\u201d by Robert Redfield\" which states that what characterizes the lifestyle of village \n\nfarmers are conservative attitudes and crave for wealth (Danandjaja 1988: 47). With \n\nreference to this theory, it can be said that the people of Kutuh Village who are farmers should \n\nbe conservative and crave for wealth. Based on their attitude, they should always take action \n\nto maintain or preserve the patterns of typical actions that have become a tradition in the life \n\nof the community farmers of Kutuh Village. \n\n In contrast to the theory that states the lifestyle of village farmers is characterized \n\nby conservative attitudes as described above, Chaney (2004: 40) states that lifestyle is a \n\nhallmark of a modern world, or commonly also called modernity. This means that in the \n\nframework of lifestyle, human beings are always oriented to modernization, so the change of \n\nattitude and behavior is considered important, while conservative attitudes and behavior can \n\nbe considered outdated. Based on such an idea, it is possible that the people of Kutuh village \n\n(the farmers) are oriented on modernization. \n\n So there are two possibilities that are not only different but also contradictory about \n\nthe lifestyle of Kutuh Village community that is traditional and modern, as described above. \n\nBased on this matter, the important research problem and need to be studied is the lifestyle \n\nimplication of Kutuh Village community in their daily life. This needs to be studied, because \n\nof the implications expressed in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (Great Dictionary of \n\nIndonesia Language, 2008: 529) and also by Keraf (1985: 8), implications are not usually \n\nasserted when they exist or are summarized in a phenomenon. So the implications are implicit \n\nin a phenomenon but not mentioned, perhaps because it is less realized that it matters. Thus, \n\nthe formulation of an important problem in the study entitled the lifestyle implications of post-\n\nsale communities in Kutuh Village is that questioned the things that are summarized or \n\ncovered but not affirmed in the lifestyle of the people of Kutuh Village.", "start_char_idx": 2330, "end_char_idx": 4963, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a1c00e80-7881-44b8-a500-115c297f1d8b": {"__data__": {"id_": "a1c00e80-7881-44b8-a500-115c297f1d8b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35697", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7e063479528e71deecd943b38995f21377bca40c23614cec391ae0aefb3160de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2d6bfe4e-1f13-4e9a-9113-992edcb496d5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "841f6819cecace156ee95c20acbe002d148f20fcfbfcad3be990762830a01433", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fe6ec0df-04c3-46b3-a8c4-3f52b3effa1f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fce7afb272226c0ad75dc16645190d429631cea1496b2b07ff0a69b044c3f13d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n This research was conducted by survey and observation method in the field to the \n\nlifestyle of the community after the land sale. The method used is by determining the key \n\ninformant then proceed with snowball method with the intention to get data and information \n\nas much as possible from other informant. The tool used is in the form of interviews. From \n\nthe interviews with key informants and other informants then studied and narrated in the form \n\nof descriptive. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n Lifestyle in contemporary culture flows and then bring up two things at once \n\ndifferent, differentiation and alternative. Both of these can be essentially the same but \n\ndifferent manifestations of existence. Differentiation follows mainstream cultural currents by \n\nestablishing a different identity than others while alternatives are instead more meaningful in \n\nresistance or resistance to mainstream cultural flows. Differentiation is an option to make \n\nyourself different from consuming the goods that capital holders offer, whereas the alternative \n\nis a form of resistance not to follow the flow of capitalism (Audifax, 2006: 91-92). \n\n         The goal of cultural imperialism is to make the people of Desa Kutuh a follower of \n\nconsumerism. The characteristic is to prioritize the happiness of the individual rather than the \n\ngroup, and also encourage the openness of a new product continuously (Haryatmoko, 2006: \n\n18). The measure of novelty is a fully adopted American culture that forms Americanization \n\n(Stager, 2005). The scope of Americanization is vast, in the areas of food, drink, clothing, \n\nlifestyle, intellectual capital, and the spread of mass media. Therefore, Americanization \n\nensnares almost all aspects of life including mind and consciousness, so that the emergence \n\nof a hegemonic relationship between Indonesia and America is inevitable (Ibrahim, 2004). \n\nWhatever global product is consumed in the framework of Americanization or to make \n\nourselves as a global civilized man absolutely requires money.  \n\n The interviews conducted with Bendesa Adat Kutuh are as follows: In the village of \n\nKutuh there are seven categories of people who sell the land, among others: (1) the proceeds \n\nfrom the sale of land used to build houses and places of worship, there are families who \n\nspend up to billions of money to build a place of worship until the end of the ceremony; (2)", "start_char_idx": 4977, "end_char_idx": 7686, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fe6ec0df-04c3-46b3-a8c4-3f52b3effa1f": {"__data__": {"id_": "fe6ec0df-04c3-46b3-a8c4-3f52b3effa1f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35697", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7e063479528e71deecd943b38995f21377bca40c23614cec391ae0aefb3160de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a1c00e80-7881-44b8-a500-115c297f1d8b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "690474966c0793dac7d2b389762ef4a3ec31ebd570d94169ffdb772f6d73df34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c490a809-8a83-4bad-921e-aa01c9d8a87a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "40e83caa87cb35f6362efde79709cf8e004e1412b67157c2bb1501de942b8fd4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\nNgaben (traditional cremation) ceremony that spent money up to hundreds of millions of \n\nRupiah; (3) have more than one car; (4) spree to fulfill his lifestyle including living the life of \n\nother woman since the existence of tourism in Kutuh Village, there are some people who \n\nhave more than one wife and usually husband repair the house of his young wife both in-laws \n\nhome in Bali and outside Bali while in his house alone with his first wife is not repaired; (5) \n\nthe drug was initially tried for free and then hooked after that had to buy because no money \n\nwas forced to ask to his family to sell family land, this family has 4 brothers two of them do \n\nnot want to sell the land and others want to sell the land (which one to pay off debts and one \n\nis a drug addict) they say rather than fuss with the family forced to sell the land and the \n\ndistribution of the proceeds of his land is not sufficient to pay the debt and the drug addicts \n\nenter the prison forced 2 other relatives to help one's family help to pay the debt and that one \n\nhelps to provide free guarantees of imprisonment for the image of his family. And finally the \n\nmoney from the sale of the land runs out; (6) buying land (sawah) elsewhere such as in \n\nJembrana and Tabanan it is also a penyakap (people who work on the land on the basis of \n\nprofit sharing) always says crop failure; (7) the proceeds from the sale of land used for \n\nbusiness capital when viewed from 10 people who sell the land only 2 people who are \n\nentrepreneurship and 8 people consumptive (interview, January 17, 2017). \n\n Based on the above information the proceeds from the sale of the land are more \n\nwidely used for the consumptive of the seven criteria above the most consumptive is to spree \n\nsuch as to fulfill his lifestyle (buying cars, clothes, food, recreation, houses and places of \n\nworship) and including living the life of other woman after which it is used to buy land \n\nelsewhere and sell the land used for venture capital but few use it for entrepreneurship. Of \n\nthe seven criteria mentioned above it can be concluded that most of the people of Kutuh \n\nVillage are not able to maintain their ancestral land heritage but there are also used for \n\nbusiness capital and for entrepreneurship. \n\n Consumerism is not solely related to the value of symbolic values, but also to the \n\nissue of identity. This is in line with Clammer's idea (Liestyasari, 2005: 84) that consumption \n\nis not merely the matters of expenditure or the acquisition of objects to be self-owned on the \n\nbasis of use value, but also the purchase of identity. Consumption, therefore, becomes a \n\nsymbolic tool between one person and another, creating and producing their identity and \n\nbeing a means of understanding themselves in relation to other individuals and groups. \n\nPeople no longer only consume the material of a product, but also the symbolic effects", "start_char_idx": 7691, "end_char_idx": 10886, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c490a809-8a83-4bad-921e-aa01c9d8a87a": {"__data__": {"id_": "c490a809-8a83-4bad-921e-aa01c9d8a87a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35697", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7e063479528e71deecd943b38995f21377bca40c23614cec391ae0aefb3160de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fe6ec0df-04c3-46b3-a8c4-3f52b3effa1f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7f8a4344aea190f24b3011119ff2221b1f09a1898495df151b43c75e3081e623", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5d16a371-5295-434b-ac84-b5a5a2b5c027", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e55ea5bab0b5e450ba0b57fd7ae5203de4d5955643e28aae549654bb2ee4c9f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\nproduced by the product, so it is precisely the idea of Simmel (Liestyasari, 2005: 91) that the \n\nconsumed product is not seen from its function, but from symbols relating to identity status. \n\n                Expressive culture, soft culture, or whatever the term is, does not concern the life \n\nof the present. The global atmosphere naturally requires humans with professionalism that is \n\nnot half-hearted. This means that if the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Bali only \n\nengage in a narrow and non-vision orientation around their cultural and historical existence \n\nas canang, cendol, laklak or lawar traders, without ever realizing to learn to develop \n\nthemselves with product-oriented and / or a wider, prospective, effective and efficient market \n\nand how to form a mutually beneficial network, do not expect the Balinese to be masters in \n\ntheir own region (Bagus, 2004: 76). \n\n            The important task, especially in the entry of globalization in Kutuh Village, is how \n\nto manage the cultural issues in the human resources of the powerful Kutuh community \n\nthrough the mastery of two important things: corporate culture and entrepreneurship. Without \n\na corporate culture and entrepreneurship, local people will be easily marginalized in the harsh \n\nfree market. Currently, the structural changes in the economy are not smooth because it is \n\nnot followed by the process of culture, namely the preparation of human resources. Evidently, \n\nagricultural lands have been widely sold to be used as tourism facilities, especially for big \n\ninvestors from outside since the New Order era, while local human resources are not expert \n\nenough to jump in the new sector. \n\n           Kadek Swariasih said that the beginning of opening a business that until now is \n\ngrowing rapidly.  \n\n\u201cThe Alfamart building plan was originally used for its own minimart. Gradually I think \nlong if I manage myself later items that I sold not sold will be taken anywhere, then I \ncancel. And finally I open the website and thought to buy franchise (franchise \nbusiness). And the deal I bought Alfamart franchise with a fairly large price and profit \ndivided by two with the owner of the franchise. Alfa mart was only running 3 months \nwhile 8 homestay and 2 new villa runs 3 months, 4 shops and even then still lose \nmuch for pay employee and now I still have debt about 1 billion in LPD (village bank) \nlook just \u201csuccessful\u201d in fact but still a lot of debt. Although I still have debt we can \nstill cover by paying interest only (interview, January 18, 2017). \n\n \n\n Based on the above information it can be seen that the beginning of starting a \n\nbusiness by opening a small shop and rent a car that only 1 unit of Avanza after getting the", "start_char_idx": 10891, "end_char_idx": 13923, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5d16a371-5295-434b-ac84-b5a5a2b5c027": {"__data__": {"id_": "5d16a371-5295-434b-ac84-b5a5a2b5c027", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35697", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7e063479528e71deecd943b38995f21377bca40c23614cec391ae0aefb3160de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c490a809-8a83-4bad-921e-aa01c9d8a87a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "b0d1629762ad2eddb639544a59a6d4b77887d872f9158c07f752519bb65faf86", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ad86e2fe-7a54-467e-b7a4-3447681c2856", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bbb0004d59e8b41302e64226c88294078a184b000df1b1897332a2e4cf23029c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\nproceeds from the sale of land used to develop businesses such as adding a car to rent, rent \n\n4 stores each selling gas, selling clothes, hp counters, and playstations. Join the Alfamart \n\nfranchise that has been running for 6 months and the last 8 homestay and 2 villa umah \n\npandawa which has been running for 3 months and even then still loss to pay employee \n\nsalary. Of his total efforts, Kadek Suwariasih spent about Rp. 20 billion for villa and its capital \n\nhomestay is approximately Rp. 7.5 billion, car rental approximately Rp. 5 billion, and Alfamart \n\nbusiness and shop less Rp. 7.5 billion. From these four businesses Kadek still has debt in \n\nthe LPD about 1 billion even so can still be paid interest only. \n\n        The family as the smallest group unit in society has a fairly central and important \n\nposition in the formation of social structure. Often experts say that the condition of society as \n\na whole is a reflection of the conditions of the families in the community. It can even be said \n\nthat society is essentially a collection of so many families. \n\n Consumer purchases are very diverse and influenced by several things, internally \n\nand/or externally from the consumer itself. A family consisting of Father, Mother and Child \n\ncan influence the consumption of goods and services to be purchased. Each family member \n\ninfluences each other in making purchasing and consumption decisions of a product. Each \n\nfamily member has a role in decision making, and can have more of a role. Kasin says. \n\n\u201cIn making the decision of the sale of land I first discuss with the wife concerning \nwhat will be done with the money from the sale of land in order to make the money \nto be more and more. After going through discussions with the wife finally the \nmoney is used for the ceremony Ngaben both parents and improve places of \nworship and the rest I use as business capital that I have mentioned earlier\u201d \n(interview, December 29, 2016). \n\n \n\n The money from the sale of Kasin\u2019s land is discussed with his wife and children \n\nconcerning what to be done with the money. According to the agreement that the money from \n\nthe sale of land will be used for ceremonies (Ngaben) and renovate sanggah (house temple) \n\nand the rest is used for venture capital.  \n\n              The below interview was conducted with Komang Wijaya. \u201cMoney from the sale of \n\nland will be used to open a business of villa and my wife will build a store building. In addition, \n\nthe money is used to buy land in Tabanan and to renovate the house. I manage the finance \n\nand in order to buy goods I conferred with my wife first. And I save the rest of the money left\u201d.", "start_char_idx": 13928, "end_char_idx": 16880, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ad86e2fe-7a54-467e-b7a4-3447681c2856": {"__data__": {"id_": "ad86e2fe-7a54-467e-b7a4-3447681c2856", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35697", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7e063479528e71deecd943b38995f21377bca40c23614cec391ae0aefb3160de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5d16a371-5295-434b-ac84-b5a5a2b5c027", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "8f03a6102e1dede39a93c21bf04ffc6a1d5239837ba04f72532656eee7f9bb8c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a2fa65b4-7cc4-4bb0-a88d-cef0fa6a3ffa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "55285875296d9a403641c7c05067845c7c2baf94a1d5a238eb312682fe6bd73a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\n        Based on interview with Komang Wijaya's father, the proceeds from the sale of his \n\nland were managed by Komang while the purchase of goods was negotiated with his wife \n\nand children. Here it is apparent that Komang's financial management is very good to prove \n\nthat the proceeds from the sale of the land are not used for wasted things but are used to buy \n\nland elsewhere and to open a business while the rest is to be saved. \n\n For Bourdieu, an important illustration of this process is presented by the structures \n\nof gender relations in general, and its affirmation, particularly in space organization in a \n\ntraditional Berber household in Algeria (this study is reproduced in Douglas 1973). In mapping \n\nout a series of contrasts between the male and female spaces, both within the house and \n\nbetween the exterior and the interior, Bourdieu seems inclined to follow the principles of the \n\nstructuralists, but in his view, more to see how the inhabited world forms become \n\nunderstandable without many problems for its inhabitants \"habitus represents a conceptual \n\nframework of various social dispositions which, according to its principal logic, takes into \n\naccount the cultural classification of the social world\" (Lee, 1993: 31). \n\n            If it is possible to declare the term 'capital logic' derived from production, it is also \n\npossible to express 'consumption logic' which also points to socially structured ways in which \n\nobjects, must conceal various items consumed or bought when increasingly many aspects of \n\nholiday time (including daily routine life activities as well as leisure activities) are characterized \n\nby commodity spending. Discussion about the consumption of these objects also conceals \n\nthe need to distinguish between durable consumable items (ie objects used for living and \n\nleisure activities, such as refrigerators, cars, hi-fi, cameras) and consumer objects which are \n\nnot durable (food, beverages, clothing, body care products) and changes in the proportion of \n\nincome spent on each sector over time. It should be paid attention to the ways in which some \n\ntypes of objects can move in and out of commodity status, and the length of time they are \n\nused by commodities is different when they change from production to consumption. Food \n\nand beverages usually have a short duration of use, though not always. The dual symbolic \n\naspect of things in contemporary Western society: symbolism is not only visible in the design \n\nand similitude of the production and marketing process, symbolic associations of objects can \n\nbe utilized and renegotiated to affirm the various lifestyle differences that limit social relations \n\n(Leiss 1978: 19 ). \n\n Based on an interview, Kadek Astridani stated as follows: \u201cI buy exciting new \n\nproducts like rice cooker, refrigerator, gas stove, television, laptop, air conditioner and Iphone", "start_char_idx": 16885, "end_char_idx": 20062, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a2fa65b4-7cc4-4bb0-a88d-cef0fa6a3ffa": {"__data__": {"id_": "a2fa65b4-7cc4-4bb0-a88d-cef0fa6a3ffa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35697", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7e063479528e71deecd943b38995f21377bca40c23614cec391ae0aefb3160de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ad86e2fe-7a54-467e-b7a4-3447681c2856", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "287a1697a3a7e94c98310359ab7bea391780273358e2acf89d84971fc802cce9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "71c68776-56f1-4740-ba9d-5226154e08db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "89b94c7fae331ab2bc3a8299a98027c9c392889f2feec0d566dc5e24cd5d53ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nbecause it is influenced by mass media information or advertisement so I want to have those \n\nproducts\u201d (interview, January 25, 2017). \n\n It can be said that citizens have a tendency to have modern material objects. The \n\ntendency is closely related to the influence of advertising which of course seeks to arouse the \n\ndesire to have the objects or goods advertised. In such circumstances, ads condition people \n\nto feel outdated if they do not have the goods advertised, and thus the image of such a person \n\nbecomes worse (out of date and less modern). Since the ownership of the goods is very \n\nmodern in nature then it means that the owners are very confident that by possessing the \n\ngoods they have become modern people. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\n The lifestyle implications of post-sale communities in Kutuh Village are grouped into: \n\n(1) the occurrence of consumptive lifestyles; (2) the people of Kutuh Village can improve their \n\nwelfare through improving the creative economy to support business capital; (3) the people \n\nof Kutuh Village are able to create gender equality in the distribution of their land sales through \n\nconsensus and consensus between husband, wife and children; (4) the people of Kutuh \n\nVillage are able to have modern household furniture; (5) the people of Kutuh Village are \n\nincapable of maintaining the inheritance of their ancestral lands. \n\n         The role of Local Government is desirable to draft the Local Regulation on \n\nrestrictions on selling land in Kutuh Village. It is advisable for the local people who have sold \n\ntheir land to be more careful in managing the money from the sale of the land in order to avoid \n\nthe consumptive and hedonic lifestyle. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAudifax, 2006. \u201cGaya Hidup: Antara Alternatif dan Deferensiasi\u201d in Alfathri Adlin (ed.),  \nResistensi Gaya Hidup: Teori dan Realitas. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra \n\nBagus, I Gusti Ngurah. 2004. Mengkritisi Peradaban Hegemonik. Denpasar: Kajian Budaya \nBooks. \n\nChaney, David. 2004. Lifestyle Sebuah Pengantar Komprehensif (Nuraeni, translator) \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra", "start_char_idx": 20067, "end_char_idx": 22449, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "71c68776-56f1-4740-ba9d-5226154e08db": {"__data__": {"id_": "71c68776-56f1-4740-ba9d-5226154e08db", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35697", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "7e063479528e71deecd943b38995f21377bca40c23614cec391ae0aefb3160de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a2fa65b4-7cc4-4bb0-a88d-cef0fa6a3ffa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "58a8bfdc11d3433d7feb7415607f73717e7e6da395e42c48632b4777813947ad", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f17c9e41-b182-461d-9fe9-197b6e031e10", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "aaafc32a0f34ddb354a72938d610d56f7f6b806873cd0f3a99325109c986c423", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nDanandjaja, J. (1988). Antropologi Psikologi, Teori, Metode dan Sejarah, Perkembangannya. \nJakarta: Rajawali Press. \n\nHaryatmoko. 2003. Membaca Pikiran Bourdieu. Cetakan Ketiga. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra \n\nIbrahim, Idi Subandy. 2004. \u201cKata Pengantar\u201d Kamu Bergaya Maka Kamu Ada\u201d: Masyarakat \nPesolek dan Ladang Persemaian Gaya Hidup\u201d in D. Chaney (ed)., Lifestyle Sebuah \nPengantar Komprehensif. (Nuraeni, translator). Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.  \n\nKeraf, Gorys. 1985. Argumentasi dan Narasi. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia. \n\nLee, Martyn J. 2006. Budaya Konsumen Telah Kembali Arah Baru Modernitas dalam Kajian \nModal Konsumsi dan Kebudayaan (Nurhadi, translator). Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nLeiss,W. 1978. The Limits to Satisfaction. London: Marion Boyars. \n \nLiestyasari, Sianny Indria. 2005. Kaum Muda dan Konsumsi Indentitas Yogya dalam \n\nPenghibur(an) Masa Lalu dan Buadaya Hidup Masa Kini Indonesia (Budi Susanto, \ned). Jakarta: Kanisius. \n\nPusat Bahasa. 2011. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Online \n(http://pusatbahasa.kemendiknas.go.id/kbbi/, downloaded 17 October 2017.", "start_char_idx": 22454, "end_char_idx": 23806, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f17c9e41-b182-461d-9fe9-197b6e031e10": {"__data__": {"id_": "f17c9e41-b182-461d-9fe9-197b6e031e10", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35698", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "4b1f4cb070c57e2636818cf2b53ef58990a67406bed61c4df8004fe03e3d7be1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "71c68776-56f1-4740-ba9d-5226154e08db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35697", "author": "Farhaeni, Mutria; Suarka, I Nyoman; Dhana, I Nyoman; Ardjani, Ni Luh", "title": " LIFESTYLE IN KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA, BADUNG, BALI AS IMPLICATION OF LAND SALE", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35697.pdf"}, "hash": "475f7acdf657f3517d8a02a049e323abcb725bdf367cc136b7492a54891e24f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "eca96ace-a76a-4ced-8e9a-196e6754cdfe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c8aaf656db4b4d1ef753453c363454c5d31906ccb3a4edb2cd4628f37958c212", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Gede Suardana 3\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nCOMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING \nARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d \n\n \n \n\nGede Suardana \nGeneral Election Commision of Buleleng Regency \n\nemail: gedesuardana@yahoo.com \n \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Bali Tourism has developed in recent decades. Its development is marked by \nincreasing tourist arrivals, increasing tourist accommodations, attractions, and diverse tourist \nattractions. The development of tourism causes more and more performing arts that are \ncommercial and profit oriented. One of the commercial performances is the art of touristic \nperformances titled Bali Agung - The Legend of Balinese Goddesses that is a mythological \nstory of Jayapangus marriage with Kang Cing Wei. This research uses qualitative method. \nThe data were collected by observation techniques, interviews, and document studies. The \nanalysis uses commodification theory. \n The results of this study indicate that the art of Bali Agung performances is the result \nof commodification seen in the production, distribution, and consumption. In the production \nprocess there are modifications to three main characters, namely Jayapangus, Kang Cing \nWei, and Dewi Danu from sacred to profane. In the process of the performing there are \nnegotiable ideas between Balinese and Western artists. \n \nKeywords: Jayapangus wedding myth and Kang Cing Wei, commodification, tourism \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\n Bali Tourism has developed in recent decades. Tourism began to enter Bali in the \n\n1970s then developed more rapidly in the 1990s. The development is marked by an increase \n\nin the number of foreign tourists visiting as many as 4,927,937 and the number of domestic \n\ntourists visiting reached as many as 7,147,100 people in 2016. \n\n The development of tourism resulted in a shift in the utilization of Balinese art and \n\ncultural traditions that were previously for traditional and religious ceremonies then developed \n\ninto a tourist attraction. The Balinese use art and cultural traditions as a means of ritual and \n\npreserve their cultural values. The government makes it as a part of tourism, and the tourism \n\nindustry makes it as a tourist attraction.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2534, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "eca96ace-a76a-4ced-8e9a-196e6754cdfe": {"__data__": {"id_": "eca96ace-a76a-4ced-8e9a-196e6754cdfe", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35698", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "4b1f4cb070c57e2636818cf2b53ef58990a67406bed61c4df8004fe03e3d7be1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f17c9e41-b182-461d-9fe9-197b6e031e10", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "d66c43eee92147e210f49bae18a2492f3c863ca971c087c5989b6d39ba99c325", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1aaad7a5-347a-4eaf-b28e-9d122b147c1d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "aa3dfc16c939b7a9dbf515758cbff21769b7ae35b4d1be350fb89ea0d72343d5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nIn its current development, Balinese art and traditions are used as a tourism commodity. The \n\ntourism industry, in this case the Bali Safari and Marine Park zoo utilize the art and traditions \n\nof Balinese culture as a commodity in the form of performing arts to fulfill the desire of tourists. \n\nBalinese art and traditions that are used as a tourism commodity are Jayapangus and Kang \n\nCing Wei marriage myths. \n\n This myth is used as the core of the art of tourism performances titled Bali Agung - \n\nThe Legend of Balinese Goddesses, the story of the marriage of Jayapangus and Kang Cing \n\nWei. But the marriage ended tragically. They were cursed by Dewi Danu into Barong \n\nLandung. Artists modified the three main characters in the Bali Agung show, they are \n\nJayapangus, Kang Cing Wei, and Dewi Danu to provide aesthetic services in the show. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n This study examines the commodification process of Bali Agung touristic \n\nperformances that is how the commodification process of the main character in the art of Bali \n\nAgung tourism performances is. The research location is at Bali Safari and Marine Park Zoo, \n\nGianyar regency, Bali. Data collection is divided into four steps, namely interview, \n\nobservation, documentation, and literature study. This study uses qualitative data types, \n\nprimary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources are artists, producers, owners of \n\nBali Safari and Marine Park, dancers, and audiences (tourists). While the secondary data \n\nsource is the related data obtained from newspaper clippings or the internet. \n\n The data collected in the study were analyzed by qualitative, descriptive, and \n\ninterpretative. The presentation of the results of data analysis is done by narration, description \n\nof words, and phrases (Nawawi and Martini, 1992: 67). The results of data analysis are \n\npresented in a holistic-integrative manners so as to generate a conclusion about a problem \n\nbased on various data and information. This research uses commodification theory to \n\nexamine and analyze the process of modification of main characters of the Bali Agung show. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n The development of tourism has an impact on the utilization of Balinese art and \n\ntraditions. The community utilizes its cultural art and traditions as a means of ritual while the \n\ntourism industry uses Balinese art and traditions as a commodity. Balinese art and cultural \n\ntraditions serve as tourism products to meet the needs of tourists. The resulting tourism \n\nproducts are part of the capitalist system in Bali tourism industry.", "start_char_idx": 2539, "end_char_idx": 5406, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1aaad7a5-347a-4eaf-b28e-9d122b147c1d": {"__data__": {"id_": "1aaad7a5-347a-4eaf-b28e-9d122b147c1d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35698", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "4b1f4cb070c57e2636818cf2b53ef58990a67406bed61c4df8004fe03e3d7be1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "eca96ace-a76a-4ced-8e9a-196e6754cdfe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "93a4957d50b50f1fd69ded9df553be8d9b18ae62d9638d7bedc9cb0a42943144", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "417816ab-1d18-46b4-8de1-dfc624df35a9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "968e3f6793d24cd43502f70b11e4d8f0169dbed4c1d3eedfd0704accafc2b401", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\n In a modern industrial society where we are today is a one-dimensional society. Its \n\ncharacteristic is all aspects of life are directed at one goal only, namely the continuity and \n\nimprovement of existing systems, namely the system of capitalism. While Habermas (in \n\nMagnis-Suseno, 2005) calls it an advanced capitalism. Whatever the label, the basic principle \n\nremains the same, that is, people are free to do economic activities with the goal of getting \n\nprofit as much as possible (Magnis-Suseno, 2005 and Atmaja, 2010: 135). \n\n In the structure of Balinese society that the capitalist system is related to the life of \n\ntourism. The expansion of the capitalist economic system in Balinese society has broadly \n\ninfluenced the ideological superstructure element including the tourism sector. Balinese art \n\nand culture is processed in such a way that it becomes a tourism product that provides \n\neconomic benefits for its people. As part of the Balinese community structure, Bali Safari and \n\nMarine Park zoo packs the Balinese art and cultural traditions of Jayapangus and Kang Cing \n\nWei marriage myths into commodities as an exchange rate for the sake of profit. \n\n The art of Bali Agung touristic performances is a touristic performing arts that is the \n\nresult of a commodification of the mariage myths of Jayapangus and Kang Cing Wei. The \n\ncommodity of Balinese art and culture is in accordance with the theory of Adorno (1991) that \n\ncommodification not only refers to consumer goods but has propagated to the arts and culture \n\nin general. \n\n Commodification is the process by which domains and social institutions whose \n\nconcern not only produces commodities but how they are organized and conceptualized in \n\nterms of commodity production, distribution and consumption (Fairclough 1995: 207). The \n\ngoods sold in the market hide the origin of the creation of the goods which must pass through \n\nthe process of exploitation at its production level (Barker, 2014: 40). \n\n Artists strive to provide aesthetic service to the audience in the production process. \n\nArtists commodify the three main characters in the art of Bali Agung performances, namely \n\nJayapangus, Kang Cing Wei, and Dewi Danu to make the show more interesting. \n\n The characters in Bali Agung Performances are: (1) Jayapangus (source: Jro \n\nGede), the figure of a Balinese ruler who is charismatic, firm, being loved very much by the \n\npeople. (2) Kang Cing Wei (source: Jro Luh), the daughter of a wealthy Chinese merchant. \n\nShe has a spoiled, meek, selfish nature. She symbolizes the marriage of two cultures, namely \n\nBali and China. (3) Dewi Danu (source: Dewi Danu) Goddess of Batur lake lord, seducer, \n\nsensual, firm, angry. \n\n(Source: Constructed by Suardana, 2015).", "start_char_idx": 5411, "end_char_idx": 8463, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "417816ab-1d18-46b4-8de1-dfc624df35a9": {"__data__": {"id_": "417816ab-1d18-46b4-8de1-dfc624df35a9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35698", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "4b1f4cb070c57e2636818cf2b53ef58990a67406bed61c4df8004fe03e3d7be1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1aaad7a5-347a-4eaf-b28e-9d122b147c1d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "c9a894c1a21d3352c374be67e049df1d312da04a4aebc0551a4b2390c3723392", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9d1f1c98-6f56-4202-8d64-e578f1d59ec2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "abd1d83ee8214af1dd14cafea9694a50b22fb308cd5baf9d0070362be3046a1e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\n In the modification of the main charactesr, there is a process of collaboration and \n\nnegotiation of ideas between Balinese artist Made Sidia and Western artist Peter J Wilson. \n\nThe result of the modification of the three main characters of traditional figures into modern \n\nfigures with international taste shows that the struggle for the meaning of the show is \n\ndominated by Western artists. \n\n Made Sidia uses characters of Jayapangus from Balinese tradition and culture, \n\nnamely Barong Landung. He believes that Jayapangus as the embodiment of Barong \n\nLandung. Sidia believes in a version of the myth developed by academicia named I Made \n\nBandem. Bandem mentioned that Jayapangus and Kang Cing Wei were condemned by \n\nBatari Batur to Barong Landung. \n\n Character of Jayapangus in the Bali Agung show is based on inspiration from \n\nBarong Landung (male) called Jro Gede. He is a Balinese Aga with black skin, sharp fangs, \n\nand a grim-faced face. Made Sidia also uses spiritual instinct to determine the character of \n\nJayapangus in the modern performance. Sidia come to pray (tangkil) to Pura Dalem \n\nBalingkang to get a revelation in presenting the character Jayapangus in the show. On the \n\nother hand, artist Peter J Wilson seeks to realize the character of Jayapangus from the \n\nmodern side. He describes the character of Jayapangus using his imagination. Based on the \n\ncollaboration of the spiritual side and modernity of these two artists then formed a strong \n\ncharacter and inspiration to the character of Jayapangus, an authoritative king figure, who is \n\ncharismatic, loved by the people, and has a glory. \n\n Artist who plays the character of Jayapangus is Wayan Sira. He has the conviction \n\nthat taksu (religious, supranatural inner power) of Jayapangus descended to him. The reason \n\nis, although he himself does not have a good dancing quality compared with others, he can \n\nplay the character Jayapangus very well. \n\nCharacter of Kang Cing Wei is a central figure in Jayapangus and Kang Cing Wei's marriage \n\nmyths. The marriage of these two is believed to result in acculturation of Balinese-Chinese \n\nculture. Kang Cing Wei's character is inspired by Barong Landung (female), a white skin \n\nfigure, narrow eyes as a Chinese princess called Jro Luh. Barong Landung (female) or Jro \n\nLuh become inspiration figure of Kang Cing Wei as a daughter who come from China. \n\n According to Made Sidia, the character of Kang Cing Wei refers to the daughter of \n\na wealthy Chinese merchant who is meek, spoiled, and selfish. Kang Cing Wei was inspired \n\nby Pura Ratu Ayu Subandar at Pura Dalem Balingkang. The temple building is located in the \n\nmiddle area (jaba tengah) of Pura Dalem Balingkang consisting of a natural stone which is in", "start_char_idx": 8468, "end_char_idx": 11512, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9d1f1c98-6f56-4202-8d64-e578f1d59ec2": {"__data__": {"id_": "9d1f1c98-6f56-4202-8d64-e578f1d59ec2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35698", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "4b1f4cb070c57e2636818cf2b53ef58990a67406bed61c4df8004fe03e3d7be1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "417816ab-1d18-46b4-8de1-dfc624df35a9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "2cf9a872296a0d0c4386bd393d1b3fedd6a91d3eb5a4bf4e4ab82c7dde436190", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c752089f-7b1d-4c97-a2a4-4270b2536e6d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8b9e55d7b930b9592838003bded2d7778e256221947bab658cf45c86e7ad326c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nthe middle of it there is a split into two parts (like vagina) which becomes the symbol of a \n\nwoman. This temple is filled with Chinese ornaments such as the engraving of Uang Kepeng, \n\nthe dominant color of the glowing red, and the Chinese style (patra). \n\n Sidia made efforts to represent the figure of Kang Cing Wei as a symbol of \n\nacculturation of two cultures, namely Bali and China. He depicts the character of Kang Cing \n\nWei from Pura Ratu Subandar who describes the blend of Balinese and Chinese culture. \n\nMeanwhile, artist Peter J Wilson seeks to perform representations for Kang Cing Wei to \n\nperform with an international flavor. Kang Cing Wei\u2019s dress is decorated with yellow, gold, \n\nred, and headdresses in the form of a ring instead of traditional Balinese clothes but using. \n\nThis is meant to reinforce the character that Kang Cing Wei is a symbol of Bali and China \n\nwith international flavors. \n\n In the production of Bali Agung show there are meaningful practices of \n\nrepresentation, that is how the world is constructed and presented socially to and by us. \n\nAccording to Barker (2005: 12), cultural studies examine ways in which meanings are \n\nproduced in multiple contexts. Cultural representations and meanings have material \n\nproperties, they are embedded in sounds, writings, objects, images, books, magazines, and \n\ntelevision programs. According to Stuart Hall, (1997), representation is one of the important \n\npractices that produce culture. Culture is a very broad concept and culture concerning \n\n'sharing experience'. \n\n The artist produces the figure of Kang Cing Wei as a symbol of Bali, China, and the \n\nWest. The goal is to attract international audiences or travelers (tourists) from China and \n\nEurope. Viewers of Chinese tourists feel the connection or attachment to the figure of Kang \n\nCing Wei and the Western tourists enjoy the show because it is packed with a high aesthetic \n\nso that it has an international flavor. \n\n In the myth mentioned above, Dewi Danu is the ruler of Lake Batur. He is believed \n\nby Balinese people as one of the great goddess, beautiful, magical, and the source of fertility. \n\nWhen determining the character of Dewi Danu for the first show, it occurred pro and contra \n\nbetween the two directors (Peter J Wilson and Made Sidia) because they have different \n\npictures about the character. Peter J Wilson describes Dewi Danu as a powerful goddess \n\nwho has water strength, sexy, and sensual charm, a very beautiful goddess, sexy body, \n\nsmooth skin, and seductive. While Made Sidia has a picture of Dewi Danu figure as a \n\ncharacter that appears according to the character of the general tradition in Bali.", "start_char_idx": 11517, "end_char_idx": 14486, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c752089f-7b1d-4c97-a2a4-4270b2536e6d": {"__data__": {"id_": "c752089f-7b1d-4c97-a2a4-4270b2536e6d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35698", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "4b1f4cb070c57e2636818cf2b53ef58990a67406bed61c4df8004fe03e3d7be1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9d1f1c98-6f56-4202-8d64-e578f1d59ec2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "dd293d5baa390cea08d0ddddf507c68e7360228c37426552ba2d6dcece711208", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "da1b9828-d66b-45f6-8910-66efba85c0f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "624e3c850823e16ca71dea647c947f891ffb66a4a3ace3006ea194b6b05a731c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\n They also have different ideas about the costume that will be worn by Dewi Danu. \n\nMade Sidia wants Dewi Danu to wear traditional costume in the form of a bundle (crown) like \n\na typical god clothes. While Peter J Wilson wants to show the costume of a modern dress of \n\nblue and white attached tightly to the body of Dewi Danu. \n\n Dewi Danu is portrayed as a sexy, beautiful goddess, and sexual allure. The sexy \n\nbody of Dewi Danu is wrapped in a tight blue and white dress. Her smile that broke and a \n\ngaze from her eyeballs able to melt the hearts of men. Dewi Danu's sexual fascination is \n\nmanifested in way she shake her body while dancing and walking, graceful hand movements, \n\nand a charming smile. In fact, this shows that Peter J Wilson dominated ideas in the process \n\nof commodification. \n\n Dewi Danu is described as having a beautiful body and possessing sensuality and \n\ngiving rise to excitement for men. Her sexy body is portrayed to captivate the king whose wife \n\nis Kang Cing Wei. However character of Dewi Danu like that is displayed in this show gets \n\nprotests from the audience and even from the cast. One of the actress who act as Dewi Danu \n\nNi Ketut Suharti reject the figure of Dewi Danu as a sexy woman and teaser. According to \n\nSuharti, Dewi Danu is a revered goddess who should not be characterized as a beautiful \n\ntease woman who disturbs Jayapangus hermitage. \n\n In the Bali Agung show, the commodification process towards the character of Dewi \n\nDanu is done in such a way that Dewi Danu becomes a profane figure. The goal is the show \n\ncan be enjoyed (consumed) easily by the audience. Dewi Danu is believed by Balinese \n\npeople as the ruler of Lake Batur and goddess of fertility for the land of Bali. But in the show \n\nshe is depicted as a beautiful, sexy, seductive goddess, and seize another woman's husband. \n\nIn this case there has been a deviation and decline in the value of the sacredness of Dewi \n\nDanu. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\n The art of Bali Agung tourism performances is the result of commodification of \n\nJayapangus and Kang Cing Wei wedding myths. The commodification includes the \n\nproduction, distribution, and consumption processes. In the production process, it occurs \n\ncommodification on the three main characters of the show from the sacred to the profane. \n\nHere, the commodification is an effort section to enrich the aesthetics of the show so as it can \n\nattract tourists to see it. The modern character causes the performance of Bali Agung to have \n\na higher economic value so it can be sold at an expensive price to make a profit.", "start_char_idx": 14491, "end_char_idx": 17387, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "da1b9828-d66b-45f6-8910-66efba85c0f3": {"__data__": {"id_": "da1b9828-d66b-45f6-8910-66efba85c0f3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35698", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "4b1f4cb070c57e2636818cf2b53ef58990a67406bed61c4df8004fe03e3d7be1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c752089f-7b1d-4c97-a2a4-4270b2536e6d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "774c5ac45e4dce9c11e5a6c2786602181bcd5e5bc3011d277980ea269120b105", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "907d3126-a7fc-42b1-a8ef-da1fbde70e5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "47a354d1640750b6760937879d56d240b03291a17b12671792fbe7b06b3a4cbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 19-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\n So artists are suggested to create tourism products not based on sacred art and \n\ncultural traditions of Bali. They had better not eliminate the authenticity and create a pseudo-\n\nart and culture. The tourism industry is not always concerned with pleasure for tourists. It \n\neliminates the sacredness of Balinese art and traditions. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n The involvement of many parties helped improve this scientific paper. For that \n\nexpression of gratitude we convey to the promoters, managers of this journal and its reviewer \n\nteam, as well as publishers. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAdorno, Theodor. 1991. The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture. London: \n\nRoutledeg. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: PT Bentang Pustaka. \n\n___________. 2014. Kamus Kajian Budaya. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nFairclough, Norman. 1995. Discourse and Social Change. Cambride: Polity Press. \n\nMagnis-Suseno. F. 1999. Pemikiran Karl Marx dari Sosialisme Utopis ke Perselisihan \n\nRevisionisme. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.", "start_char_idx": 17392, "end_char_idx": 18738, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "907d3126-a7fc-42b1-a8ef-da1fbde70e5f": {"__data__": {"id_": "907d3126-a7fc-42b1-a8ef-da1fbde70e5f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35699", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "0974868184ec1e04b3dab2273a58d06e9f95be5dce73c41c9b9bf31c64633ebe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "da1b9828-d66b-45f6-8910-66efba85c0f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35698", "author": "Suardana, Gede", "title": " COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS \u201cTHE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES\u201d", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35698.pdf"}, "hash": "818967f27328d45ead851120ccfd1992fd1e5c067202dd5f9707d8cde18d2689", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "93dd0033-544e-4cb0-ad42-1f400e199150", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bfa09697dcfad432298d870ac960af96dae209e724efdaad347e8d2b4a2bb436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I wayan Tagel Eddy 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 26-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\n \n \n \nGREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, \n\nKARANGASEM, BALI \n \n \n\nI Wayan Tagel Eddy \nHistory Study Program \n\nFaculty of Cultural Sciences,  \nUdayana University \n\nemail: tageleddy58@gmail.com  \n \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nThis study aims to determine the social changes in Subak Susuan Karangasem Bali \nas a result of the implementation of green revolution (revolusi hijau). The method used \nobservation, in-depth interviews equipped with interview guides, recording devices, cameras \nand stationery. Sampling is done by purposive or direct appointment to a person who is \nconsidered to know and be directly involved in the event. \n\nThe results show that the green revolution has digraded various types of local rice \nseeds and simultaneously marginalizes local wisdom resulting in social change. Agricultural \nhomogeneity, which in turn has diminished farming culture, professional social organization \nsuch as sekaa numbeg, sekaa manyi, sekaa metekap began to decrease and patron client \nbond is getting worse. The government is advised to pay attention to the values of local \nwisdom that guides the life of farming in Subak Susuan. \n \nKeywords: green revolution, local wisdom, farming culture, sekaa, degradation, patron \nclient. \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nAgricultural changes have occurred many times in history, regardless of whether \n\npeople call them \"revolutions\" or not. There are changes in agricultural equipment, crop \n\nrotation, irrigation systems, soil fertility management systems, and so on. All that happens in \n\nhuman efforts to increase food production. The effort can be slow or fast. The quick nature is \n\ndescribed as a \"revolution\", a change in a relatively short time of explosion of innovation that \n\nis widely adopted. It concerns not only with the quantitative increase of agricultural production \n\nbut also the qualitative transformation of the production system. \n\nThe green revolution can be seen in two different ways though they can be in relation \n\nwith one another. From an ecological perspective, new superior rice (padi unggul baru or", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2449, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "93dd0033-544e-4cb0-ad42-1f400e199150": {"__data__": {"id_": "93dd0033-544e-4cb0-ad42-1f400e199150", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35699", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "0974868184ec1e04b3dab2273a58d06e9f95be5dce73c41c9b9bf31c64633ebe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "907d3126-a7fc-42b1-a8ef-da1fbde70e5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "6473f0867fcbf59b846c0e37b2ecda02f4ac8b1ba672b907e2eecba3304fafb7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "502e98d5-60eb-4d63-9da5-62b3bc441b0f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2a94215b07cef84efc724bb24af79461a6723845e9a6e88230f1287ed3ca1e69", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 26-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\nPUB) causes a change in the pattern of crop rotation which in turn affects the biological \n\nbalance, especially the predator-prey relationship of plant pests. The explosion of brown \n\nplanthopper is one example. On the other hand, in the context of societal change, it is possible \n\nto discuss the extent of the role of the green revolution in the process of overall socio-\n\neconomic transformation. The green revolution has created rural dynamics with all its impacts \n\ninteracting with other major change impacts such as industrialization, the growth of the \n\nservice sector, especially communications, and urbanization. This is the feature of the \n\ntwentieth century agricultural revolution, which distinguishes it from previous centuries. \n\nThe increasing price of food in the global market have had a direct impact on the \n\nhigh price of food in Indonesia. The country once known as an agrarian one, even once a rice \n\nexporting country, is now facing a food crisis (krisi pangan). Even Soeharto, the president, \n\nreceived an award from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) as the Father of \n\nDevelopment (Bapak Pembangunan) for being able to realize rice self-sufficiency. \n\nBad connotation are often addressed when assessing what is commonly known as \n\nnatural farming, organic farming, sustainable agriculture, or various other titles. The social \n\nconstruction of its ancient, subsistent, traditional, antimodern, and incapable of answering the \n\nproblem of food sufficiency for many people, has been said to be a single truth. Due to the \n\nreason of maximization of production for food security, the agricultural industrialization \n\nprogram commonly known as the green revolution is enforced around the world. National \n\ngovernment regimes, especially in third world countries, world bodies, and international \n\nregimes, such as food industry and business/commerce, become proponents of the \n\nprogram's success. The green revolution of the volume one (intensification volumes of \n\nagriculture with hybrid seed and chemical intake)  which continues with the green revolution \n\nof volume two  --agricultural intensification with transgenic seeds and chemical intake - has \n\nbeen successful until now. \n\nThe structural and systematic uniformity program has marginalized subsistent \n\nfarmers, and successfully uniformed the minds of many people, including subak (irrigation \n\nsystem) Susuan, in Karangasem, Bali. The natural farming practices of subsistent farmers by \n\nJames C. Scott are nothing more than peripheral stories. While the intensive chemical \n\npractices of his devotees and affirmed by his regime are believed to be a panacea for the \n\nrealization of food security. Conventional farming is increasingly marginalized, even farming \n\nculture among farmers faded as it did in subak Susuan Karangasem. This is highlighted in \n\ncultural studies that should be given a advocation (Barker, 2005: 6-7; Barker, 2014: 52).", "start_char_idx": 2454, "end_char_idx": 5684, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "502e98d5-60eb-4d63-9da5-62b3bc441b0f": {"__data__": {"id_": "502e98d5-60eb-4d63-9da5-62b3bc441b0f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35699", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "0974868184ec1e04b3dab2273a58d06e9f95be5dce73c41c9b9bf31c64633ebe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "93dd0033-544e-4cb0-ad42-1f400e199150", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "2c2b44b782e339b0e9cfe338ac1ed5cbf136657185b3f226d5c21418bcfc22a0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f71e8c98-6160-49ad-aa1e-1ecd5aae9bd4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fb4d991f4af12c8c98b27011324cdb8ac0733758911f85379e2b71f3b0901911", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 26-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nOriginating from the background above, the problem of this study is how far the social \n\nchanges do in subak Susuan Karangasem as a result of the implementation of the green \n\nrevolution program? In the following descriptions it is tried to be analyzed using an \n\ninterdisciplinary approach in hopes of getting results closer to reality. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nMethodologically, this research is packed into qualitative descriptive research using \n\ncultural studies\u2019 approach. This is a tradition developed in the study of socio-cultural sciences \n\nthat essentially depart from what humans observe in their social environment (Moleong, 2003: \n\n2-3). Data collection is done through participative observation, in-depth interviews with actors \n\ndirectly involved in the event, and also through documentation. Observations were made at \n\nthe farmers' residence in subak Susuan Karangasem. Selection of key informants plays an \n\nimportant role to get informants who deserve to be interviewed through purposive sampling \n\ntechnique. Snowball sampling technique is also used to determine the sample (Bungin, 2008: \n\n54). \n\nThe main instrument in the study is the researcher himself, completed with interview \n\nguides, recording devices, cameras, and other stationery as needed in the field. This model \n\nof analysis is called an interactive model borrowed from Huberman and Miles (in Endraswara, \n\n2003: 215) consisting of three stages (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and (3) drawing \n\nconclusions through descriptions and verifications. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nWhen rice cultivation is still determined by the farmers themselves, they always \n\nmake a comparison between what is experienced in the present and in the period before the \n\nintroduction of 'government' rice known as superior varieties with anti-rice pest (varietas \n\nunggul tahan wereng or VUTW). A big change is experienced by farmers in Subak Susuan \n\nKarangasem in terms of freedom to grow rice in rice fields. They are not free to plant the types \n\nof rice that they must do. The introduction of the use of improved varieties by the government, \n\nhas led to genetic erosion. The genetic heterogeneity of local rice is increasingly lost, replaced \n\nby a number of superior varieties that must be planted uniformly. This is an evidence that \n\nagricultural development is one example of how the discourse, knowledge, and reproduction \n\nof power takes place through top-down implementation without involving local farmers in the", "start_char_idx": 5689, "end_char_idx": 8466, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f71e8c98-6160-49ad-aa1e-1ecd5aae9bd4": {"__data__": {"id_": "f71e8c98-6160-49ad-aa1e-1ecd5aae9bd4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35699", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "0974868184ec1e04b3dab2273a58d06e9f95be5dce73c41c9b9bf31c64633ebe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "502e98d5-60eb-4d63-9da5-62b3bc441b0f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "441ef2d8be6383766b53aa79e46262b8de4a4dd1fb15d328db5e414ca5737b81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "41353dbc-273e-4bda-b654-3a90dcce2342", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d5a985cc0a7d4320b311d508701d673e1102368dfd0126fb05d9118e0fd7edb5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 26-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nplanning process. The farming community of subak Susuan Karangasem has been degraded \n\nin developing a resource management strategy for their survival of life. \n\nThe application of the green revolution seems to be in line with the principle of \n\ndecentralization of development, which has been widely demanded by society. Although \n\nregional autonomy has been implemented since 2001, the distribution of development has \n\nnot been optimal yet. Development gaps still occur, especially between villages and cities. \n\nThe indication is the movement of population to look for work to the city is still ongoing as \n\nhappened among family of farmers in subak Susuan Karangasem. \n\nOn the basis of that, the green revolution is in accordance with the conditions of \n\nemployment that lack of education. More than half of the labor force has only primary school \n\neducation or less and the majority live in rural areas. The green revolution seems to be in line \n\nwith the triple track strategy initiated by President Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono a few time \n\nago. The substance of the triple track strategy is pro-job, pro-poor, and pro-growth. \n\nThe green revolution has been \"icon\" of agricultural development in the early \n\nseventies to the eighties. The green revolution is regarded as a \"savior\" for the agricultural \n\nsector, especially in developing countries that are characterized by low productivity, long life, \n\nlow growth, and minimal farmer welfare. \n\nSince the 1990s, such a green revolution movement has experienced a turning point. \n\nSharp criticism and anti-green revolutionary movement then emerged. The costs to be paid \n\nby this green revolution program are the loss of local institutions, the loss of biodiversity, the \n\ndeterioration of soil quality, and the deterioration of the overall quality of the environment. The \n\ngreen revolution has succeeded in dramatically increasing productivity and agricultural \n\nproduction, but has failed to improve farmers' welfare and agricultural independence. This is \n\nthe biggest cost to pay because agriculture in Indonesia has become highly dependent on \n\nthe world's agricultural industry from seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, to agricultural machinery. \n\nSince then the independence of farmers is lost because it is no longer able to produce itself \n\nto the basic input. \n\nIf people want to live healthy, food security must be maintained and the hegemony \n\nbehind these chemical uses are important to be criticized. Hegemony has castrated and \n\nenslaved the peasants so that their ideology is the ideology of resistance (a counter-\n\nhegemoy) in order to achieve the liberation of the peasants from the trap of dependence and \n\nthe helplessness of the systematized global structural hegemony. The principle of natural \n\nagriculture is not a matter of anti-chemicals, but aspire to realize the autonomy,", "start_char_idx": 8471, "end_char_idx": 11616, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "41353dbc-273e-4bda-b654-3a90dcce2342": {"__data__": {"id_": "41353dbc-273e-4bda-b654-3a90dcce2342", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35699", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "0974868184ec1e04b3dab2273a58d06e9f95be5dce73c41c9b9bf31c64633ebe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f71e8c98-6160-49ad-aa1e-1ecd5aae9bd4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "a6d234c285b135e4112cce9d7535dc0111e6fcf4445161aa4e5fb069a2629144", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0cabf975-ff7a-43e8-a59f-95010dc71ad4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "73b65ea507371babf7c3c0ef8b4090a51a75025defcb55684b4c1157b1230974", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 26-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\nindependence, and sovereignty of the eco-friendly peasants. The practice of life reflected in \n\ntotality and hard work are clear evidence that farmers have contributed greatly to the \n\nresistance movement against the green revolution regime. It is also a restoration of cultivated \n\nagriculture with its long-neglected and marginalized values and   wisdom in the farmer \n\ncommunity. The green revolution has marginalized local varieties that should be retained. To \n\nthe extent that society is merely a \"sales object,\" food security and sovereignty will vanish. \n\nFarming culture that integrates with nature shifts into an exploitative relationship between \n\nman and nature and the marginalization of one man's gender over another sex (female). \n\nConfiscation of food management by corporations under neoliberal care destroys \n\nthe life of the farmers. Knowledge of farming and spiritual values in farming, displaced by a \n\nmarket economy that utilizes all natural resources as a commercial commodity. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGESTION \n\nThe process of transfer of agricultural technology creates social conflict between \n\nsubak farmers in Susuan and the local government. The green revolution led to the faded \n\nrights of farmers in determining, planting, maintaining, processing, and storing rice crops \n\nwith their chosen technology. This occurs when the state (government) takes over the rights \n\nto the production of farmers through a green revolution program that has marginalized the \n\nrole of professional social organizations such as sekaa numbeg, sekaa metekap, sekaa \n\nmanyi, sekaa mejukut, associated with farming culture so that there is social change in subak \n\nfarming communities in Susuan, Karangasem. \n\nIn implementing the green revolution program in subak Susuan Karangasem, the \n\ngovernment should use a bottom-up participatory approach so that it does not create a \n\ncounter-hegemony. To preserve the natural environment and agriculture it is recommended \n\nto the government to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and excessive pesticides. \n\n \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nThrough this paper, the authors sincerely thank Prof. Dr. A.A Bagus Wirawan, S.U. \n\nas the promoter, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Cika, M.S. as a co-promoter I, and Prof. Dr. I Nyoman \n\nSuarka, M Hum, as co-opromotor II for his criticism, suggestions, and guidance throughout \n\nthe process until the completion of this research. The deep appreciation phrase should also \n\ngo into the e-journals of Cultural Studies, Doctoral Program of Cultural Studies, Udayana", "start_char_idx": 11621, "end_char_idx": 14448, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0cabf975-ff7a-43e8-a59f-95010dc71ad4": {"__data__": {"id_": "0cabf975-ff7a-43e8-a59f-95010dc71ad4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35699", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "0974868184ec1e04b3dab2273a58d06e9f95be5dce73c41c9b9bf31c64633ebe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "41353dbc-273e-4bda-b654-3a90dcce2342", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "b560230582d8cf8ef7fe7974274ad9d2117938bb398093e116c68d7d0e42393d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ab7bd909-856e-4140-8251-37f0cff3f61d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1e7ccde4bb3b116dd0567648c54e602c4004a9afea589165f9dbd14c97babf26", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 26-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\nUniversity, who have been willing to publish this article. 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Jakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media. \n\nHidayat, Medhy Aginta. 2012. Menggugat Modernisme: Mengenali Rentang Pemikiran \nPostmodernisme Jean Baudrillard. Jogjakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nIda, Rachmah. 2014. Metode Penelitian Studi Media dan Kajian Budaya.Jakarta: Jakarta: \nKencana.  \n\nMoleong, Lexy J. 2002. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. \n\nNasikun. 1980. \"Revolusi Hijau dan Masalah Pengangguran di Negara-negara Berkembang\", \nin Majalah Prisma, No. 10, Tahun IX. Jakarta: LP3ES.  \n\nPatria, Nezar & Arief, Andi. 1999. Antonio Gramsci Negara & Hegemoni. Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar. \n\nPontius, John. 1995. \"Revolusi Hijau di Indonesia Selama Ini\", dalam majalah bulanan \nPrisma, No.2, Tahun XXIV. Jakarta: LP3ES.  \n\nSumodiningrat, Gunawan. 2001. Menuju Swasembada Pangan. Revolusi Hijau II: Introduksi \nManajemen dalam Pertanian. Jakarta: RBI.  \n\nSuprapta, Dewa Ngurah. 2003. \"Kearifan Lokal dan Konservasi Sumberdaya dalam \nPembangunan Pertanian Berbasis Kerakyatan\", a paper presented in a cultural \ndialog on \"Revitalisasi Kearifan Lokal Berbasis Otonomi Daerah dan Wawasan \nKebangsaan di Daerah Bali\", 3 September 2003.  \n\n--------------------------,. 2005. Pertanian Bali Dipuja Petaniku Merana. Denpasar: Taru Lestari \nFoundation, Arti Foundation.  \n\n--------------------------, 2008. \"Revitalisasi Pertanian. Mengapa Perlu?\" in IBG Yudha Triguna \n(ed.), Kebudayaan dan Modal Budaya Bali dalam Teropong Lokal, Nasional, \nGlobal. Denpasar: Widya Dharma.  \n\nTjondronegoro, Sediono M.P, 1990. \"Revolusi Hijau dan Perubahan Sosial di Pedesaan \nJawa\", in Majalah Prisma, No.2, Tahun XIX. Jakarta: LP3ES.   \n\n \n-----------------------, 1994. \"Pasca Revolusi Hijau di Pedesaan Jawa Timur\", in Majalah Prisma, \n\nNo.3. Tahun XXIII. Jakarta: LP3ES.", "start_char_idx": 17167, "end_char_idx": 19257, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8b0dbb40-673a-4529-ab31-5f8983d5aeca": {"__data__": {"id_": "8b0dbb40-673a-4529-ab31-5f8983d5aeca", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ab7bd909-856e-4140-8251-37f0cff3f61d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35699", "author": "Eddy, I Wayan Tagel", "title": " GREEN REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUBAK SUSUAN, KARANGASEM, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35699.pdf"}, "hash": "e100c00db96306faa6de8c9aa8d0818ee7041d61a1437d9c855be00d416ffc80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b9b77684-92ec-4e5e-81ee-c357700130bf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7aecf83d52eb321dd86ba4c62af0436aa213fbbbe0b712cc8dcbdeb63f964659", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Watu Yohanes\n\n\n1 \n \n\nTHE REPRESENTATION  \nOF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY  \n\nIN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA \n IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES \n\n \n Watu Yohanes Vianey1  , Emiliana Maryah2  \n\nI Gde Parimartha2, Aron Meko Mbete2  \n \n\n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\nE-mail: sigawunga@yahoo.com \n \n\nABSTRACT \nThis dissertation discusses the representation of the Divine and human being imagery in the \n\nentity of ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza in the village of Guru Sina in Ngada Regency, Flores. The empiric \nproblems of this dissertasion are connected with the marginalized phenomenon of the local religion \nthat submerged in the entity of ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza and its ritual practices. This probelm is relevant to \nbe investigated from the perspectives cultural studies.  \n\nThe problems raised in this study are : 1) the representation of the Divine and human being \nimagery in the entity of ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza, 2) the representation of the relationhip  between the Divine \nand human being in ritual practices of Sa\u2019o Ngaza, and 3) the meaning of the representation of the \nDivine and human being imagery in the entity of ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza. This study applies the qualitative \nmethod and the data collection was done using techniques of intensive interview, participation-\nobservation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using the theory of ritus, the  theory of \nprocess,the  theory of semiotics, and the theory of deconstruction. \n\nThe findings of the study can be explained as follows. Firstly, the representation of the \nDivine imagery is dyadic and triadic. In the dyadic imagery representation, The Divine is depicted as \n\u2019The Giver of an Unlimited Love and at the same time as \u2019The Unpredictable Taker of Love\u2019. In the \ntriadic representation, The Divine is depicted as The Sacred, in the attributive as \u2018The Beginning\u2019, \n\u2018The End\u2019, and \u2018The Present Throughout\u2019. In the dyadic imagery, the human being  consists of the \nelements of the body and the soul, and in the triadic imagery, the human being  consists of the \nelements of the body, the psyche, and the spirit. \n\nSecondly, the relation between the Divine and human being is representatively revealed in \nthe ritual practices of legitimating Sa\u2019o Ngaza. This relation centers in the methapor of relationship \nbetween  the simbolic body dan the religious body, and affirms the status of human being as \u2019the \nwrapper of divinity seed\u2019  and \u2018His image\u2019.  \n\nThirdly, the meaning of the representation of the Divine and human being imagery in the \nentity of ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza is sacral , spiritual, and moral. The sacral value pertains to the dinamic \nrelationship between the human being and the Divine in a sacral way and the sacral place. The \nSpiritual value pertains to the relation intra-human being and his spiritual opened and connected \nthrough inner feeling with the One Sacral in the strong effort of making the human being perfect. \nThe moral value pertains to a good relationship among human beings themselves in accordance with \ntheir norms of community. \n\nThe findings of the study  enrich the theory of process about the concept of the Divine from \nWhitehead and contrast with the theory of ritus as the choreography of violence from Smedal. In the \nentity of ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza, there is a unique concept of human being in the design of ulu pali \ncarvings, which describes the ideology of leadership in the local tradition. The finding of this \nconcept can become the model of implementation of the decostruction theory and the semiotic \ntheory which removes and deconstructs binary opposition between the leader (ulu) and the follower \n(eko). \n\nKey word: representation, imagery, entity, relation, meaning", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3789, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b9b77684-92ec-4e5e-81ee-c357700130bf": {"__data__": {"id_": "b9b77684-92ec-4e5e-81ee-c357700130bf", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8b0dbb40-673a-4529-ab31-5f8983d5aeca", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "40c8ee6a836280c4b7050627f30905ec6911f821bbb653e7296afa6b3d1fe5f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9feb9354-17cb-4b3b-bc4e-a49c68df3d85", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7bc66c5de6a013ff93236c39dca91eca497dedd54462f6790d2c105cd5a2d0ce", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \nThe aim of this study is just to \n\nelaborate the religious emotion and its \npractice, which is called the ritus \u201cSao \nNgaza\u201d of the people of Guru Sina.  As \nthe first stage of this academic work, let \nus start with an identification note of \nGuru Sina, which is as one of Ngada \nsubculture in Ngada regency. This study \nis trying to academically and \nresponsibly react to the echo of the \nphenomena of marginality based on the \nlocal tradition.  \n\nThe phenomenon of \nmarginalization is a relevant subject of \nstudy in order to defend the mission of \nstrengthening the equality in this \nmulticultural discourse. In this mission, \nsuch a study has a purpose to develop a \nhuman being and religious insight based \non the local values as kept in the \ntradition and local ritual practices. \nThese values at the same time can also \nhelp  maintain the order of living in the \nframe of the ecological system. The \nmain arguments of this study can be \nformulated as follows: How one is able \nto figure the representation out of the \nDivine and human being imagery in the \nritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza; How one is able to \nidentify the relationship of the \nrepresentation between the Divine and \nthe human being in the practice of the \nritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza; and the last one is that \nHow one can overview the meaning of \nthe representation of Divine and human \nbeing imagery in the entity of the ritus \nSa\u2019o Ngaza.  \n\nThe general purpose of the \ncurrent academic work is just to \nunderstand and to interpretate the \nproduct and the practice of local culture \nof the people of Guru Sina, especially in \nperforming the ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza. This \nrite itself is believed as the media of \nrepresentation of the Divine and human \nbeing imagery. To put in details, there \nare special goals of this study. (1) The \n\nresearcher describes the representation \nof the Divine and human being imagery \nin the entity of Sa\u2019o Ngaza as it is seen \nin the frame of ordering names, \nproviding rooms and selecting paintings \nwithin the ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza. (2) The \nresearcher overviews with a thorough \nunderstanding of the relationship \nbetween human being and the Divinity \nwithin a process of ritual celebration. \nThe center point of such elaboration is \nto put in a better explanation about \nmetaphor of body which can be divided \ninto personal body, social body, \nsymbolic body and religious body. (3) \nIn this  way, the researcher interpretates \nthe meaning of the representation of the \nDivine and human being imagery in the \nritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza which is inherently \nconnected with the practice of the other \nrituals, including the sacral or holiness \naspect, spirituality and sacrality \nperspectives.   \n\nTheoretically, this study also has \nboth aspects, its practical and theoretical \nvalues. This research improves the \ntradition of cultural studies, which is \nalways in the mainstream of critical, \nmultidisciplinary, multicultural and \nstand in the side of the marginal. The \npractical value of this study is to \nrevitalize the appraisal of the sacral \nvalue, spiritual value and moral value \nbased on the local point of view.  \n\n \n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n\nThe goal of this study is to find \nout and to get the qualitative \nrepresentation of the Divine and human \nbeing imagery in the entity of the rite \nand the ritual practice of Sa\u2019o Ngaza in \nGuru Sina. This study applied \nqualitative research method and the \ntheoretical basis of the study is referred \nto an eclectic way from the theory of \nrite, combining the theory of process", "start_char_idx": 3796, "end_char_idx": 7313, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9feb9354-17cb-4b3b-bc4e-a49c68df3d85": {"__data__": {"id_": "9feb9354-17cb-4b3b-bc4e-a49c68df3d85", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b9b77684-92ec-4e5e-81ee-c357700130bf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "69b960669d90e58b39c2c6089a6cbc970fdbc55f89e222c0541b97570f61ae8d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "579c3d23-ba6d-4ece-b3d5-c0108f0ad4c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e91c298240b53fc8e0144904291bd9c802334044a382421b27a7695f52fb3551", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\nlinked to an analysis of semiotic and the \ndeconstruction theory. \n\nIn the perspective of organism \nontology the actual expressions of the \nritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza are the order of names, \nof place, and of ordering the paintings \nin the Sa\u2019o Ngaza location. In the frame \nof name order, the entity of Sa\u2019o Ngaza \nhas the collective and particular name. \nIn a specific speculation, the totality of \nthis name order \u2013 collective and \nparticular \u2013 hides the ideal type of \nculture (Kleden, 1988:54) and expresses \nsignificantly the representation of the \nDivine and human being imagery in the \ntriadic atribute. \n\nThe concept of the order of \nplace in Sa\u2019o Ngaza is expressed by two \nkinds of ritual formulations, Pata T\u00e9ke \nand Pata Po Pera. In the order of place \nthe concept of the representation of the \nDivine and human imagery is not only \ntriadic as it is expressed in the name \norder dimension, but also it is dyadic \nprincipal.  \n\nIn the dimension of painting \norder, there is a concept of the \nrepresentation of the unique human \nbeing imagery in the ulu pali carvings, \nwhich describes the ideology of \nleadership in local tradition. This design \nexpresses the ethos of a good leader in \nthe local wisdom who must threat the \nothers (fellowship) as he threats \nhimself. \n\nThe representative celebration of \nthe rite represents the relationship \nbetween the Divine and human being in \nthe practice of Sa\u2019o Ngaza celebration. \nThe relationship of the representation of \nthe Divine and human being is \nexpressed clearly in the prayer and also \nin the sacrifice of the animal in the \nprocess of killing, cooking and is \noffered to the holiness. In the ritus Sa\u2019o \nNgaza this celebration is arranged as a \nsacrifical ceremony and not to be called \nas a celebration of victimization  or the \n\nviolence of celebration. The prayer of \nthe ritus Sa'o Ngaza, stresses the \nconcept of the relationship between the \nrepresentation of the divinity and \nhuman being as we have discussed \nbefore.  \n\nThe entity of ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza is \nconnected with the celebration of the \nrite that indicates the practice of the \nrelationship between the representation \nthe Divine and the human being. The \nrepresentation of such a relationship in \nthe frame of the ontological perspective \nindicates a personal, social, symbolic \nand religious relationship. The \nrelationship between the Divine and \nhuman being within the celebration of \nritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza is centered on the \nmetaphor of body networks, which \nconsists of the interactions of personal \nbody, social body, and the relation of \nthe symbolic body and the religious \nbody.  \n\nThere are three meanings of the \nrepresentation of the Divine and human \nbeing imagery: the sacral value, \nspiritual value, and moral value. The \nsacral or the holiness value deals with \nthe relationship between human being \nand the Divine as the Holly One or the \nSacred. It is a being and the center of \nthe existence of the origins of life. \nHuman being is invited to honor the \nDivine with verbal celebration in the \nform of prayer and other religious \naction, for instance,  performing the \nsacrificial animal. All the people\u2019s daily \nactions dealing with goodness and \nhollyness done with a pure knowledge \u2013 \nas well as with an active and pious \u2013 \nthese can direct people in the better way \nto choose the prosperous life or \nwhatever option of salvation.  \n\nThe spiritual value is the \nassessment of human being networks \nwith his own personality which is \nspiritually connected with the Divine. \nThe aim of practicing such value", "start_char_idx": 7318, "end_char_idx": 10870, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "579c3d23-ba6d-4ece-b3d5-c0108f0ad4c0": {"__data__": {"id_": "579c3d23-ba6d-4ece-b3d5-c0108f0ad4c0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9feb9354-17cb-4b3b-bc4e-a49c68df3d85", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "738a9592ea346beb17457e7fce5ca9fb3c9044cd31fc42dcb1250f761ab463a3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f6df484d-d976-425d-b3fd-d5c8fc92e097", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c3122ec194a13915d5b5f9e68599619f39d78468767a71e0cb7648832769c03f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\ngenerally has its goal in preventing the \ngood soul with another purpose, which \nis to clean the spirit by getting the good \nspiritual life.  \n\nThe moral value is the \nassessment to have a relationship \nbetween human being and the neighbors \nthat is viewed as the expression of love \namong the neighbors in the frame of \nlove (mesu mora). The implementation \nof love among the neighbors is \nexpressed in the name of \u2018Generated \nhouse\u2019. The meaning of love stresses \nsome communitarian norms, which can \nbe seen in the following aspects, (1) in \nthe relationship with others, in which \none must help each other and most \nespecially in the moments of \ndifficulties. (2) One has to respect the \nprivacy and the ownership of wealth. \nThe wealth also has the social function \nand has to be used in terms of \nimproving the benefit of the \ncommunity. (3) In the community life, \none has to extend the habit of sharing \nwith others. (4) Every body has to threat \nothers as well as possible as friends and \nhas a good will to respect differences.  \n \nNovelty of the Research \n\nFirst: the findings related to the \nconcept and theory of the entity of ritus \nSa\u2019o Ngaza.  In the phenomenon of \ncollective name order there are concepts \nof the representation of the Divine \nimagery as \u2018The Beginning\u2019, \u2018The End\u2019 \nand \u2018The All Throughout\u2019. Such \nconcepts enrich the process of thought, \nwhich only states the Divine imagery as \nthe primordial nature (\u2018The Beginning\u2019) \nand the consequent nature (\u2018The End\u2019).  \n\nIn the phenomenon of painting \norder in the entity of ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza, \nthere is a unique concept of human \nbeing imagery in the design of ulu pali \npainting which traditionally describes \nthe ideology of leadership and \nfellowships. The finding of this concept \n\ncan become one of the best models of \nimplementation of the destruction and \nthe solidarity semiotic theory which \nremoves and destructs binary opposition \nbetween the leader (ulu) and the \nfollower (eko).  \n\nSecond: The finding is related to \nthe theory of the practice of ritus Sa\u2019o \nNgaza. In this context, the act of \nsacrifice is quite different from the rite \ntheory of Smedal which is indicated as \nthe rite for the choreography of \nviolence. The sacrifice of the chicken, \npig and buffalo in the rite of Sa\u2019o Ngaza \nis seen as a holly action in which \nsacrificing the animals took place to \nreplace the position of a human being \nlinked to the symbolic and religious \nrelationship with the Divine.   \n\nAll the prayers in ritual \nceremony of Guru Sina highlight the \nconcept of representation of Divine \nimagery as the Sacred in a triadic way. \nIn the dyadic principle the concept of \nrepresentation of the Divine as the \nHolly One or the Sacred can be \nexplained as follows: (1) The Divine is \n\u2018The Mother and Father\u2019 (Ine Ema) (2) \nThe Divine is \u2018The Giver of An Endless \nLove\u2019 and \u2018The Holy One Who \nUnpredictably Takes that Love (Susu \nKeri Asa Kae); (3) The Divine is also \n\u2018The Transcendent\u2019 and \u2018The \nImmanence\u2019 (Dewa Zeta Nitu Zale). In \nthe triadic way, the concept of the \nrepresentation of the Divine imagery as \nthe Sacred can be explained as follows: \n(1) The Divine is thought as \u2018The \nBeginning\u2019 (Pu\u2019u), \u2018The End (Lobo), \nand \u2018The Present Throughout\u2019 (Dhoro). \n(2) The Divine is \u2018The Being-Beyond-\nWorld\u2019 (Dewa Wawo), \u2018The Being \u2013 \nAccompanies House\u2019 (Dewa Sa\u2019o), and \n\u2018The Being \u2013 In \u2013 Me\u2019 (Dewa Ja\u2019o).   \n\nThe relationship  between the \nDivine and human being is represented \nin the ritual practices of legitimating \nSa\u2019o Ngaza. This relationship centers in", "start_char_idx": 10875, "end_char_idx": 14424, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f6df484d-d976-425d-b3fd-d5c8fc92e097": {"__data__": {"id_": "f6df484d-d976-425d-b3fd-d5c8fc92e097", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "579c3d23-ba6d-4ece-b3d5-c0108f0ad4c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "6926570f3ef4108991e4fb493509b904cec3d87a5c626bdf52c7c20df899c51e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6f6e38ca-17d0-411d-881c-3d5bb5fd35e8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5231aea81a37ab85f4dbe8ae26b747841fd23225c97bce50e9363d87e117a1b4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\nthe metaphor of the symbolic body and \nthe religious body, and affirms the \nstatus of human being as \u2019the wrapper \nof divinity seed\u2019 (kopa Dewa) and \u2018His \nimage\u2019 (nenu ngia Dewa).  \n\nThird: the finding shows that  \nthe concepts in the representation of the \nmeaning of the Divine imagery and the \nhuman being contain  sacral, spiritual \nand moral values. The sacral value is \nthe assessment of relationship between \nhuman being and his neighbors  which \nis generally expressed by the concept of \nlove (mesu mora). It is a dyadic way to \nfigure love out of the Lord and \nneighbors in order to develop a bonum \ncommune in a community life. \n \n\nCONCLUSION AND \nSUGGESTIONS \n\nConclusion \nAll the results of the study can \n\nbe concluded as follows: The entity of \nthe ritus Sa\u2019o Ngaza expresses the \ntraditional house of the people of Guru \nSina, which is essentially seen as the \nritual body. The order of place in this \nrespect of culture does not function only \nas the room for human meeting, but also \nas the house for human meeting with \nthe Divine. This expresses significantly \nthe representation of the Divine and \nhuman being imagery.   \n\nDealing with the entity of ritus \nSa\u2019o Ngaza which, in its practice,  \nbecame a thorough way to express the \nintimate relationship between the \nDivine and human being, ontologically \nconveys the personal, social, symbolic \nand religious relationship. The \nmeaningfulness that is revealed by this \nstudy is sacral, spiritual and moral.  \n\n \nACKNOLEDGEMENTS \n \n\nI would like to take this opportunity to \nexpress my great thanks to Prof Dr. \nEmiliana Mariyah, MS as my promoter, \n\nProf. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, MA., as co-\npromoter I and Prof. Dr. Aron Meko \nMbete, as co-promoter II who have \nattentively given me support, \nencouragement and guidance starting \nfrom proposal writing until the last \nprocess of completing this dissertation \nreport. I would also like to deliver my \nhigh appreciation to Arnoldus \nFoundation and Widya Mandira \nCatholic University, Rector of Udayana \nUniversity, Director of Post-Graduate \nProgram Udayana University and staff, \nand the Head of Cultural Study \nDoctorate Program Udayana University \nand staff.       \nDeus est caritas, ceratio ex amore!  \n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \n\nAbesamis, H. Carlos, 1991. The Third \nLook At Jesus, Philipina: \n Claritian  Publication. \n\nAdnan, Aslan, 2004. Menyingkap \nKebenaran, Pluralisme Agama \ndalam Filsafat Islam dan \nKristen Seyyed Hossein Nashr \ndan John Hick, Bandung: \nAlyfia. \n\nAmaladoss, M, 2001. Teologi \nPembebasan Asia, Yogyakarta: \nCINDELARAS. \n\nAnonim, 1956. Biblica Sacra, Juxta \nVulgatum Clementinam, Roma: \nSocietatis S. J. Evang. \n\n______, 1973.  Alkitab,  Ende: Nusa \nIndah.  \n\n______, 1971. Sura Ngasi ne\u2019e \nMebho, Ende: Nusa Indah \n______, 1995. 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Inside Austronesia \nHouses, Canberra: Departemen \nAntrhropology Research School \nof Pasific and Asian Studies, \nANU. \n\n______, 1995.", "start_char_idx": 22128, "end_char_idx": 24540, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "92ace400-8820-4d26-947a-123aa7e867eb": {"__data__": {"id_": "92ace400-8820-4d26-947a-123aa7e867eb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f134cc1a-96f5-4317-ab44-4567465a48bd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "a20dd4956385edba97f2bbe8db2d46c18b51f23e58ca4ee095c5d8cb3d165deb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d08dc4c5-eb3b-40e1-b7c5-90161320e2db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "931accd2e1981e86bfd6e9130e096f5eaa80a241579e86498777f14eeb4f57cf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "______, 1995. \u201cGenealogy and \nTopogeny: Towards and \nEthnography of Rotinese Ritual \nPlace Names\u201d, dalam The Poetic \nPower of Place, James J. Fox \n(ed), Canberra: Departemen \nAntrhropology Research School \nof Pasific and Asian Studies, \nANU. \n\nFox, James dan Clifford Sather, ed., \n1996, Origins,  Ancestry  and  \nAlliance, Explorations in \nAustronetians Ethnography, \nCanberra: Departemen \nAntrhropology Research School \nof Pasific and Asian Studies, \nANU. \n\nFrick, Heinz, 1997. Pola Struktural dan \nTeknik Bangunan di Indonesia, \nYogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nGeertz, Clifford, 1992. Agama dan  \nKebudayaan, (terj.) Francisco \nBudi Hardiman, Yogyakarta: \nKanisius. \n\nGhono, Yohanes,  2000. Sura Ngasi \nne\u2019e Mebho, Ende: Nusa Indah. \n\nGiddens, Anthony, 2003. Masyarakat \nPos-Tradisional, (terj.) Ali Noer \nZaman, Yogyakarta: RCiSod. \n\nGirard, Rene, 1982. The Scapegoat, \nNew York: The John Hopinks \nUniversity Press .  \n\n______, 1977. Violence and The \nSacred, New York: The John \nHopinks University Press .  \n\n\n\n9 \n \n\nGlinka, Josef.1978. Gestalt und \nHerkunft. Beitrag zur \nanthropologischen Gliederung \nIndonesiens, Studia Institusi \nAnthropos, 35. Bonn: St. \nAugustin. \n\nGolshani, Mehdi, 2004. \u201dSains dan \nYang Sakral: Sains Sakral vs \nSains Sekular\u201d, Makalah \nInternational Conference on \nReligion and Science in the \nPost-colonial World, \nYogyakarta: UGM  \n\nGroppe, T, Elizabeth, 2002. \u201cCatherina \nMowry LaCugna\u2019s Contribution \nto Trinitarian Theology\u201d, \nTheological Studies, No 63. \n\nHadinata, Andika, 2007. \u201cImlek dan \nHarmoni Dengan Alam\u201d, \nKompas, 5 Februari. \n\nHaedar, Nashir, 1999. Agama dan \nKrisis  Manusia  Modern,  \nYogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.  \n\nHalkes, Catherina, \u201cFeminist Theology: \nAn Interium Assesment\u201d, \nConcilium, No.134 \n\nHartono, Dick, SJ (dkk), 1992. Ilmu \nBudaya Dasar, Jakarta: APTIK. \n\n______, 1985. Memanusakan Manusia  \nMuda, Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nHayford, Jack, 2001. Citra dan \nIndentitas Seseorang, (terj.) \nWim Salampesy, Batam: \nInteraksara. \n\nHendriks, Herman CICM, 1990. \nKeadilan Sosial Dalam Kitab \nSuci, Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nHeriyanto, Husain. 2003. Paradigma \nHolistik, Dialog Filsafat, Sains, \ndan Kehidupan Menurut Shadra \ndan Whitehead, Jakarta: Teraju. \n\nHick, John, Tuhan Punya Banyak \nNama, (terj.) Yogyakarta: \nDian/Interfidei. \n\nHidayat, S. Rahayu, 2004.  \u201cSemiotik \ndan Bidang Ilmu\u201d, dalam \nChristomy, T., dan Untung \nYuwono (penyunting), 2004.", "start_char_idx": 24527, "end_char_idx": 26924, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d08dc4c5-eb3b-40e1-b7c5-90161320e2db": {"__data__": {"id_": "d08dc4c5-eb3b-40e1-b7c5-90161320e2db", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "92ace400-8820-4d26-947a-123aa7e867eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "257242fb04f53ca98d3eb36b1c3996ca5f51b048957300997bf63fc59693a96f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b02d931c-075b-4296-babd-f1409fec880f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "16849a7d9d182f0c0b35068f2d09fb21265cd073b74d64945367bce72bdb6bea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Semiotika Budaya, Jakarta: \nPusat Penelitian \nKemasyarakatan dan Budaya \nDirektorat Riset dan Pengabdian \nMasyarakat Universitas \nIndonesia. \n\nHolland, Joe., 1988. \u201cA Postmodern \nVision Spirituality and Society\u201d, \ndalam David Roy Griffin (ed.) \nSpirituality and Society \nPostmodern Visions, New York: \nState University Press. \n\nHuijbers, Theo, 1982. Manusia Mencari \nAllah, Pengantar Ke Dalam \nFilsafat Ketuhanan, Yogyakarta: \nKanisus. \n\nHuntington, Samuel, P., 2003. Benturan \nAntar  Peradaban  dan  Masa \nDepan Politik Dunia, (terj.) M. \nSadat Ismail, Yogyakarta: \nQalam.  \n\nIzutsu, Toshihiko, 1997. Relasi Tuhan \ndan Manusia, Pendekatan \nSemantik  Terhadap Al-Quran, \n(terj.) Agus Fahri Husein, \nSupriyanto Abdullah, dan \nAmirudin, Yogyakarta: Tiara \nWacana. \n\nJackson, Roy, 2001. Friedrich \nNietzsche, (terj.) Abdul Mukhid, \nYogyakarta: Bentang Budaya. \n\nJacobs, Tom, 2000. Immanuel \u2013 Allah \nBeserta Kita, Yogyakarta: \nKanisius. \n\nJaspers, Karl, 1985. Augustin, \nM\u00fcnchen: Piper.  \nJebadu, Alex, 2007. \u201cPenghormatan \n\nKepada Leluhur dan \nKemungkinan \nPengintegrasiannya  ke Dalam \nIman dan Bakti Kristen:, Jurnal \nLedalero, Vol 6, No 1 Juni. \n\nJegalus, Norbert, 2003.\u201cFilsafat \nKebudayaan\u201d, Diktat Bahan \nKuliah Filsafat Agama \nUniversitas Katolik Widya \nMandira Kupang.  \n\n\n\n10 \n \n\nJendra, I Wayan, 2007. \u201cSabar-Subur, \nBersyukur Dijauhkan Dari \nLiang Kubur\u201d, Spiritual \nUniversal, Edisi Juni-Juli. \n\nKartodirdjo, Sartono (dkk), 1975. \nSejarah Nasional Indonesia V, \nJakarta: Departemen \nPendidikan dan Kebudayaan \nRI. \n\nKewuel, K . Hipolitus, 2004. Allah \nDalam Dunia Postmodern, \nMalang: Dioma. \n\nKirchberger, George, 2007. Allah \nMenggugat, Maumere: \nLedalero. \n\n_______, 1999. Allah, Pengalaman dan \nRefleksi dalam Tradisi Kristen, \nLedalero: LPBAJ. \n\n_______(ed)., 1995. Gereja Berwajah \nAsia, Ende: Nusa Indah. \nKleden, Ignas, 1984. \u201cPenelitian dan \n\nKemampuan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial: \nPelajaran dari Seminar \nOrientasi Sosial Budaya\u201d, \nPrisma, No 1, edisi Januari. \n\n______ 1987. Sikap Ilmiah dan Kritik \nKebudayaan, Jakarta: LP3ES. \n\n______, 1988. \u201dPaham Kebudayaan \nClifford Geertz\u201d,  Monografi, \nJakarta: The  Society for \nPolitical Economic Studies \n(SPES), LP3S dan Friedrich \nNauman Stiffung (FNS).  \n\n______.,1995. \u201cKebangkitan Agama \ndalam Tiga Dimensi\u201d, Kompas, \n(3 April) \n\n______, 1996.", "start_char_idx": 26927, "end_char_idx": 29229, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b02d931c-075b-4296-babd-f1409fec880f": {"__data__": {"id_": "b02d931c-075b-4296-babd-f1409fec880f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d08dc4c5-eb3b-40e1-b7c5-90161320e2db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "6de2e6a68b236de56356a6927571cc022ae076de9c98dbc56475b815d75cb6c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ef347a8a-9558-40c3-9d5a-8ca1873aeef0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "69ce76c2ba41eb3d32a7e09a6e7dd119ef79167fcb06749ad666ab76ed61bef1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "\u201dPergeseran Nilai Moral, \nPerkembangan Kesenian dan \nPerubahan Sosial, Jurnal  \nKalam, edisi VIII.  \n\n______, 2000. \u201cGlobalisasi dan \nImplikasi Sosial Budaya\u201d, dalam \nRomanus Satu dan Herman \nEmbuiru Wetu (ed.), Gereja \nMilneium Baru, Maumere: \nRitapiret. \n\n______,2002. \u201cKonflik Etnis atau \nKonflik Politik?\u201d, Tempo, 6 \nJanuari (Edisi Khusus). \n\n______, 2006. \u201cCultural Studies dan \nMasalah Kebudayaan di \nIndonesia\u201d, Makalah, Seminar \nNasional, Hari Ulang Tahun X \nProgram Studi Kajian Budaya \nUniversitas Udayana, Denpasar, \n18 Nopember.   \n\n______, 2007. \u201cPuisi dan Dekonstruksi: \nPerihal Sutardji Calzoum \nBachry\u201d, Kompas, Sabtu 4 \nAgustus. \n\nKleden, Paulus Budi, 2002. Dialog \nAntaragama Dalam Terang \nFilsafat Proses Alfred North \nWhitehead, Maumere: Penerbit \nLedalero. \n\nKoentjaraningrat, 1993. Ritus Peralihan \ndi Indonesia, Jakarta: Balai \nPustaka.  \n\nKomaruddin, Hidayat, 2004. \nMenafsirkan Kehendak Tuhan, \nJakarta: Teraju. \n\nKottak, Conrard P. 1999. Mirror for \nHumanity, A Concise \nInterduction to Cultural \nAnthropology, International \nEditionas, Boston Burr Ridgge, \nIl Dubuque (etc), MC Graw-Hill \nCollage.  \n\nKraft H. Charles, 2000. Christianity in \nCulture, A Study in Dynamic  \nBiblical Theologizing in Cross-\nCultural Perspective, New \nYork: Orbis Books \n\nK\u00fcng, Hans, 2000. \u201cPerdamaian Dunia, \nAgama-Agama Dunia, dan  \nEtika Dunia\u201d, dalam Agama \nUntuk Manusia, Fazlur Rahman, \net.al,  (terj.) Ali Noer Jaman, \nYogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nK\u00fcng, Hans dan Karl Josef Kuschel, \n1999. Etik Global, (terj.) Ahmad \nMurtajib,Yogyakarta: Pustaka \nPelajar. \n\n\n\n11 \n \n\nK\u00fcng, Hans dan Julia Ching, 1988. \nChritianity and Chinese \nReligions, New York: Dobleday \nDell Publishing Groups. \n\nKwek, J.S., 2006. Mitologi China dan \nKisah Alkitab, Yogyakarta: \nAndi. \n\nKwik,  Kian Gie, 2006 \u201dPengemis Tak \nPunya Pilihan\u201d,  Kompas, 26 \nSeptember. \n\nLacey, N., 1998. Image and \nRepresentation, London: MacMillan. \nLaCugna, Chatherine, Mowry, 1991. \n\nGod for Us: The Trinity and \nChristian Life, San Fransisco: \nHarperCollins. \n\nLeahy, Louis, SJ., 1984. Manusia \nSebuah Misteri, Jakarta: \nGramedia. \n\n______, 1992. Manusia Di Hadapan \nAllah, Masalah Ketuhanan \nDewasa Ini, Yogyakarta: \nKanisius. \n\n______. 1994. Filsafat Ketuhanan \nKontemporer, Yogyakarta: \nKanisius. \n\nLeBar, Frank M. (ed.), 1972.", "start_char_idx": 29230, "end_char_idx": 31530, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ef347a8a-9558-40c3-9d5a-8ca1873aeef0": {"__data__": {"id_": "ef347a8a-9558-40c3-9d5a-8ca1873aeef0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b02d931c-075b-4296-babd-f1409fec880f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "1fd7af2ed307eaabfa9590e7309b576dd02012665d5f8f7fc7d1eb2f9ec2025b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "94e5bb16-b1d2-4017-932e-226aa346f570", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dd79d755390cdc646224f61e8c39ad998fa72dfb7eab6dbba295abab66aa8238", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "LeBar, Frank M. (ed.), 1972. Ethnic \ngroups of insular Southeast \nAsia; Andaman Islands and \nMadagaskar, New Haven: \nHuman Relation Area Files \nPress. \n\nLeenhouwers, 1988. Manusia Dalam \nLingkungannya. Refleksi Filsafat \ntentang Manusia, Jakarta: \nGramedia. \n\nLefebure, Leo D., 2006, Pernyataan \nAllah. Agama dan Kekerasan, \n(terj.) Bambang  Subandrijo, \nJakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. \n\nLeksono-supeli, Karlina, 2002. \n\u201cMasikah Agama Diperuntukan \nBagi Kehidupan\u201d, Basis, No 05-\n06, Mei Juni. \n\nLiliweri, Alo, 2003. Makna Budaya \ndalam Komunikasi Antarbudaya,  \nYogyakarta: LkiS. \n\n______, 2004. \u201dKearifan  Lokal, \nRevitalisasi Kesadaran Atas \nKeberagaman Budaya Demi \nKesatuan Bangsa\u201d, Makalah, \nDinas Pendidikan dan \nKebudayaan NTT. \n\nLuijpen, William A., 1969. Existensial \nPhenomenology, Pitsburgh: \nDuquesne University Press. \n\nMadrasuta, Ngakan Made, 2005. Hindu \nAkan Ada Selamanya, Denpasar: \nMedia Hindu \n\nMagnis-Suseno, Frans,SJ., 1993. \nFilsafat Sebagai Ilmu Kritis, \nYogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\n______., 2000. \u201cAgama, Humanisme, \ndan Masa Depan Tuhan\u201d, Basis, \nNo 05-06. Mei- Juni. \n\n______., 2005., Pijar-Pijar Filsafat, \nYogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\n______, 2006. \u201cPeranan Tokoh dan \nPemuka Agama Perlu \nMemperhatikan Moralitas \nBangsa Bermartabat dan \nPersaudaraan Sejati\u201d, Makalah,  \nJakarta: Departemen Agama RI. \n\nMaman S. Mahayana, 2006, Citra dan \nCitraan Monyet di atas Gerbong \nKereta\u201d, Kompas, Jumat 7 April, \nhlm. 14. \n\nMangkey,J. 2008. \u201cHak Dasar Bukan \nNegosiasi\u201d, Hati Baru, No 07, \nJanuari. \n\nMangunwijaya, J.B., 1988. Sastra dan \nReligiositas, Yogyakarta: \nKanisius. \n\n______., 1995. Wastu Citra, Jakarta: \nGramedia. \nMantra, Ida Bagus, 2004. 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Allah Bapa Semua \nOrang, Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \nMaslow, Abraham, 2000.", "start_char_idx": 31502, "end_char_idx": 33769, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "94e5bb16-b1d2-4017-932e-226aa346f570": {"__data__": {"id_": "94e5bb16-b1d2-4017-932e-226aa346f570", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ef347a8a-9558-40c3-9d5a-8ca1873aeef0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "c11a55a64b269c183b004d3675384490abcc0ebe82582c9815e19e74ca55de79", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "abc3d662-79a3-48cb-b483-19c454ea53a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "583e0c416d896d67924546139adf40e8651836894341bb76dec8a311a5f3b3fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Maslow, Abraham, 2000. Agama, Nilai \n\ndan Pengalaman Puncak, (terj.) \nAgus Kremers dan Donatus \nSermada, Maumere: LPBAJ. \n\nMbete, Aron M., 2003. \u201cBahasa dan \nBudaya Lokal Minoritas: Asal-\nMuasal, Ancaman Kepunahan \ndan Ancangan Pemberdayaan \ndalam Kerangka Pola Ilmiah \nPokok Kebudayaan Universitas \nUdayana\u201d, Naskah Pidato \nPengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar \nTetap dalam Bidang Linguistik \npada Fakultas Sastra Universitas \nUdayana, 26 Oktober 2003, \nDenpasar: Universias Udayana. \n\n______(dkk.,) 2008. Nggua Bapu, \nRitual Perladangan Etnik Ende \nLio, Dinas Pendidikan dan \nKebudayaan Kabupaten Ende: \nPustaka Laras \n\nMcIntyre, Alasdair, 1981. After Virtue. \nA Study in Moral Theory, \nLondon: Ducworth. \n\nMecado, L.N.,  2000. \u201cFrom Pagans to \nPartners in Dialogue\u201d, Verbum \nSVD, Vol 41. \n\nMiles, B. M., dan M. B. Huberman. \n1992. Analisis  Data Kualitatif,   \nJakarta:UI - Press. \n\nMills, C. Wright, 2003. 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Metodologi \nPenelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: \nRemaja Rosdakarya.  \n\nMolnar, Andrea Katalin, Grandchildren \nof the Ga\u2019e Ancestors, Social \nOrganisation and Cosmology \namong the Hoga Sara of \nFlores, Leiden: KITLV Press. \n\nMuda, Hubert, SVD, 1986. \u201cThe \nSupreme Being of The Ngadha \nPeople In Flores, Its \nTransendence And Imanence\u201d, \nDisertasi, Roma: Pontificio \nGregoriana University. \n\n_______, 2001. \u201cKebudayaan Reba \nDalam Perspektif Agama \nKatolik\u201d, Makalah Seminar \nKebudayaan Ngada, 20 \nJanuari, Jakarta: Panitia \nMenggali Makna Kebudayaan \nNgada.  \n\nNaif, Octovianus, 2006. \u201dSpiritualitas  \nDeus  Unus  et  Trinus: \nMembentuk Pribadi Yang \nTrnitaris, Membentuk \nKomunitas Yang Trinitaris, \nMembentuk Sikap Sosial Yang \nTrinitaris\u201d, Makalah Kapitel \nSVD Timor, 23-28 Januari, \nAtambua: Kapitel SVD  Timor. \n\nNakamura, Hajime, 1978. 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Persoon dan Rivke \nJaffe (eds), Framing Indonesian \nRealities, Leiden: KITLV. \n\nNoerhadi, Toety Herati, 1999. \n\u201cDramatik Dalam Linguistik\u201d, \ndalam Henri Chambert- Loir \ndan Hasan Muarif Ambary,", "start_char_idx": 33747, "end_char_idx": 36111, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "abc3d662-79a3-48cb-b483-19c454ea53a1": {"__data__": {"id_": "abc3d662-79a3-48cb-b483-19c454ea53a1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "94e5bb16-b1d2-4017-932e-226aa346f570", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "7c6fdbcb977854bb3cddf99b00c8ed5abcb40b8f84002672fb7b63513484868a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "89ad33ef-ae77-4ab6-88f0-41dac177cc41", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8a4e154d05bb068532f3170aa5800dfe71f033261a8437320627e16601138bf4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "13 \n \n\n(ed), Panggung Sejarah: \nPersembahan Kepada Prof.Dr. \nDenys Lombard, Jakarta: \nYayasan Obor Indonesia. \n\nPalm-Nooy, Hetty, 2003. \u201dThe Buffalo \nin Ritual, Mith and Daily Life \nof The Sa\u2019dan Toraja\u201d, dalam \nPeter Nas, Gerard Persoon dan \nRivke Jaffe (eds), Framing \nIndonesian Realities, Leiden: \nKITLV. \n\nPalmer, Richard R., 2003. \nHeremenutika, Teori Baru \nMengenai Interpretasi, (terj.) \nMusnur Hery dan Damanhuri \nMuhammed, Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar. \n\nPals, L. Daniel. 2001. Seven Theories of \nReligion, Dari Animisme \nE.B.Tylor, Materialisme Karl \nMarx, Hingga Antropologi \nBudaya C. Geertz. (terj.) Ali \nNoer Zaman, Yogyakarta: \nQalam. \n\nPanikkar, Raimundo, 1994. Dialog Intra \nReligius (terj. dan ed.) A, \nSudiarja, Yogyakarta: \nKanisius.  \n\nParimartha, I Gde., 2002. Perdagangan \ndan Politik di Nusa Tenggara, \n1815-1915, Jakarta: Jembatan. \n\n________, 2005. \u201cPokok-Pokok Pikiran \nDalam Perspektif Kajian \nBudaya\u201d, Makalah Bahan \nKuliah Program Doktor (S3) \nKajian Budaya Universitas \nUdayana. \n\nPaus Benediktus XVI, 2006. \u201cIman, \nAkal Budi dan Universitas\u201d, \nNaskah Pidato Kepausan, \n(terj.) B.S. Mardiatmaja,SJ. \nJakarta: Dokpen KWI.  \n\nPaus Yohanes Paulus II, 1992. \nKeprihatinan Akan Masalah \nSosial, (terj.) P. Turang, Pr., \nJakarta: Dokpen KWI. \n\nPeacocke, Arthur, 2002. Path From \nScience towards God. Oxford: \nOneworld. \n\nPiadade, Inocenscio Joao, 1994, \u201cProses \nBerteologi Dalam Interaksi\u201d, \ndalam Budi Susanto,SJ (ed) \nTeologi dan Praksis Komunitas \nPostmodern, Yogyakarta: \nKanisius. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir, 2003. \nHipersemiotika, Tafsir Cultural \nStudies Atas Matinya Makna, \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nPoedjosoedarmo, S., 2001. Filsafat \nBahasa, Surakarta: \nMuhammadiyah Universitu \nPress. \n\nPolanyi, Michael, 1958. Personal \nKnowledge, London: \nRoutledge and Paul Kegan. \n\n_______, 1996. Segi Tak Terungkap \nIlmu Pengetahuan, (terj.) \nMikhael Dua, Jakarta: \nGramedia. \n\nPoster, Mark, 1990.  Jean Baudrillard: \nSelected Writing, London: \nPolity Press. \n\nPudja, G., dan W. Sadia (penerjemah), \n1978, Rig Weda, Jakarta: \nDepartemen Agama Republik \nIndonesia. \n\n______, 1979. Sama Weda, Jakarta: \nDepartemen Agama Republik \nIndonesia. \n\nRatna, Nyoman Kutha, 2005. \n\u201cPostmodernisme: Ciri-Ciri, \nPerkembangan, dan Teori-\nTeori yang Relevan\u201d, Makalah \nBahan Kuliah Prog. Doktor \n(S3) Kajian Budaya \nUniversitas Udayana.", "start_char_idx": 36116, "end_char_idx": 38457, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "89ad33ef-ae77-4ab6-88f0-41dac177cc41": {"__data__": {"id_": "89ad33ef-ae77-4ab6-88f0-41dac177cc41", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "abc3d662-79a3-48cb-b483-19c454ea53a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "3fdeb2dd9d9a367de539ebd195d74b7ef59c32189766347063801f884c7513e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e90204f8-dc8f-4781-8ed4-03df418659bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fd3cbf80d4dc3544c4fabf8cda7789296b8614e5a8d902fe6f79002051730f8e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Doktor \n(S3) Kajian Budaya \nUniversitas Udayana. \n\n_____, 2005. Sastra dan Cultural \nStudies, Representasi Fiksi dan \nFakta, Yogyakarta: Pustaka \nPelajar. \n\n_____, 2006. \u201cMetodologi Kajian \nBudaya\u201d, Makalah  Bahan \nKuliah  Program Doktor (S3) \n\n\n\n14 \n \n\nKajian Budaya Universitas \nUdayana, Denpasar.  \n\nRitzer, George, 2004. Teori Sosial \nPostmodern, (terj.) Muhamad \nTaufik, Yogyakarta: Kreasi \nWacana.  \n\nRobinson, Fiona,1999. Globalizing \nCare. Ethics, Feminist Theory, \nand  Inernational Relation, \nBoulder: Westview Press. \n\nRogacion, Mary Rebecca Rivka E., \n2005. Enneagram Timur, 9 Tipe \nKepribadian, (terj.) A. \nSupratiknya, Yogyakarta: \nKanisius.  \n\nSachari, Agus, 2002. Estetika, Makna, \nSimbol dan Daya, Bandung: ITB \n\nSaifuddin, Achmad Fedyani, 1999. \n\u201cKeluarga dan Rumah Tangga: \nSatuan Penelitian dalam \nPerubahan Masyarakat\u201d, Jurnal \nAnthropologi Indonesia, Th. \nXXIII, No.60, Jakarta: \nDepartemen Anthropologi \nFakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu \nPolitik UI  \n\n_____, 2005. Antropologi Kontemporer. \nSuatu Pengantar Kritis \nMengenai  Paradigma, \nJakarta:Prenada Media. \n\nSastrapratedja (ed), 1982. Manusia \nMulti Dimensional, Jakarta: \nGramedia. \n\nSchr\u00f6ter, Susan, 1988. \u201cDeath Ritual of \nthe Ngada in Central Flores, \nIndonesia, Anthropos  93,  \nFribourg, Switzerland: St. Paul \nPublication, 1988. \n\nSchimel, Annemarie, The Mistery of \nNumbers. Misteri Angka-Angka \nDalam Berbagai Peradaban \nKuno Tradisi Agama Islam, \nYahudi dan Kristen, (terj.) \nAgung Prihantoro, Bandung: \nPustaka Hidayah.  \n\nShahab, Yasmin Z., 2006. \u201cTantangan \nPeran Anthropologi Indonesia,\u201d \nJurnal Anthropologi Indonesia, \n\nVol 30, No.2, Jakarta: \nDepartemen Anthropologi \nFakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu \nPolitik UI  \n\nSimson, D.P., 1959. Cassel\u2019s New Latin \nDictionery, New York: Funk & \nWagnels Company.  \n\nSinggih, E.G., 2000. Berteologi dalam \nKonteks, Yogyakarta: Kanisius.  \n\nSmedal, H. Olaf, 1996. \u201cConquest and \nComfort A Ngadha Bad Death \nRitual\u201d, dalam Signe Howel (ed) \nFor The Sake of Our Future \nSacrificing In Eastern Indonesia, \nLeiden: Research School CNW, \nVol 42.  \n\n____, 2000. \u201cThe Aesthetic of Ngadha \nHouses\u201d, Anthropology and \nAesthetics, 37, Spring. \n\nSobrino, J., 1990. \u201cThe Crucified \nPeoples: Yahwe\u2019s Suffering \nServant Today: In Memory of \nIgnacio Ellacuria\u201d, Concilium, \nNo 6. \n\nSong,C.S., 1993. Sebutkanlah Nama-\nNama Kami: Teologi Ceritera \ndari Perspektif Asia, Jakarta: \nBPK Gunung Mulia. \n\nStorey, John., 2003.", "start_char_idx": 38409, "end_char_idx": 40838, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e90204f8-dc8f-4781-8ed4-03df418659bb": {"__data__": {"id_": "e90204f8-dc8f-4781-8ed4-03df418659bb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "89ad33ef-ae77-4ab6-88f0-41dac177cc41", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "019446b2bc031ea2d907f796f4cbf2b9cccea2e41d42c356e62bd80694a20805", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "31e7099a-eb5b-4b89-b801-e3e1916353b3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "30f889438467639e8e8222a5d1297ce6647be7ee535112868178777ed32d0d6a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Storey, John., 2003. Teori Budaya dan \nBudaya Pop, Memetakan \nLanskap Konseptual Cultural \nStudies, (suntingan) Dede \nNurdin, Yogyakarta: Qalam. \n\nStott, John R.W. dan Coote, Robert \n(eds), 1981. Down to Earth: \nStudies on Christianity and \nCulture, London: Hodder and \nStoughton. \n\nSuastika, I Made, 2005. \u201dPentingnya \nPemahaman Nilai Budaya Pada \nNaskah Sastra Bagi Pembaca \nModern Dalam Konteks Ajeg \nBali\u201d, Naskah Pidato \nPengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar \nTetap dalam Bidang Ilmu Sastra \npada Fakultas Sastra Universitas \nUdayana, 8 Oktober 2005, \nDenpasar: Universitas Udayana. \n\n\n\n15 \n \n\nSudarminta, J., 1998. Filsafat Proses \u2013 \nSebuah Pengantar Sistematik \nFilsafat Alfred North \nWhitehead, Yogyakarta: \nKanisius. \n\n______, 1994. \u201dModel Pemahaman \ntentang Allah dalam  Filsafat  \nProses Alfred N. 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From Temple \nto Meeting House: The \nPhenomenology and Theology of \nPlaces of Whorship, Mouton: \nThe Hague \n\nTurner, J. H., 1986. The Strucuture of \nSociological Theory, Illinois: \nThe Dorswei Press \n\nTyler, T. Roberts, 2002. Spiritualitas \nPosreligius, (terj.) M. Khatarina, \nYogyakarta: Qalam.  \n\nvan Zoet, Aart, 1993. Tentang Tanda: \nCara Kerjanya, dan Apa yang \nKita Lakukakan dengannya, \n(terj.) Ani Soekowati, Jakarta: \nYayasan Sumber Agung. \n\nVatikan II, 1993. Dokumen-Dokumen \nKonsili Vatikan II, (terj.) R. \nHardawirjana,  Jakarta: KWI- \nObor. \n\nVatter, Ernst, 1931. \u201dDie Ngada; Ein \nMegalitith-Volk auf Floress\u201d, \nDer Erdball 5 - 9:347-351. \n\nVischer, P. Michael, 2003. \n\u201dSubstitution, Expiation  and  \nthe  Idiom of Blood on Ko\u2019a \nSacrificing. Coparative Issues in \nAustronesian Ethnograpy\u201d, \ndalam Peter Nas, Gerard A. \nPersoon dan Rivke Jaffe (eds), \nFraming Indonesian Realities, \nLeiden: KITLV. \n\nWaterson, Roxana, 1990.The Living \nHouse: An Athropology of \nArchitecture in South-East Asia, \nSingapore: Oxford University \nPress.  \n\nWatu, Yohanes Vianey, 1986. \u201cManusia \nDalam Filsafat Pata Dela\u201d, \nSkripsi, STFK Ledalero.  \n\n______, 1993/1994 \u201cCitra Humanisme \nPata Dela\u201d, Kebudayaan, No 5 \nThn III, Jakarta: Departemen \n\nPendidikan dan Kebudayaan \nRI.  \n\n______, 1994/1995. \u201cKalau Manusia \nAdalah Kita: Sebuah Catatan \nHolistik\u201d, Kebudayaan, No 8 \nThn IV, Jakarta: Departemen \nPendidikan dan Kebudayaan \nRI.", "start_char_idx": 43193, "end_char_idx": 45630, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c39e8cbe-6a65-474e-9e57-4c82ebcd796c": {"__data__": {"id_": "c39e8cbe-6a65-474e-9e57-4c82ebcd796c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3570", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "e7812cb74a6f048ee627a01d8f827bf2e5900043cf313c14ae9013efc7881596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "31e7099a-eb5b-4b89-b801-e3e1916353b3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "a91bd8b9baedc743340452e20f05c1b47275b4b780a17f213f3e7ffbeed9b2bb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "79822ddd-7219-456f-b135-c52a9cb5850d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3d7aa39a7866b3b0937e202c34455750748fc63d36187727bfde13c8fde1f425", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "______, 1996. \u201dEpistemologi, \nPerspektif, Piranti, dan Kritik \nRealisme\u201d, Diktat Bahan \nKuliah Filsafat Agama \nUniversitas Katolik Widya \nMandira Kupang. \n\n______, 1997/1988. \u201dNeke Antara \nEmansipasi dan Seni \nMencinta\u201d, Kebudayaan, No \n14, Th VII, Departemen \nPendidikan dan Kebudayaan \nRI. \n\n______, 2003. \u201dReba, Fenomen \nHinduisme Purba dan \nImplikasinya Bagi \nPengembangan Komunitas \nIman dan Otonomi Daerah di \nKabupaten Ngada\u201d, Prajna, No \nVIII, (Januari \u2013Juni). \n\n______, 2005. \u201dTransformasi Identitas \nOrang Bajawa dan \nImplikasinya Bagi \nKepemimpinan Kontemporer\u201d,  \nPrajna, No IX (Januari \u2013 Juni).  \n\n______, 2005. \u201dCitra Tuhan Dalam \nRitus Ka Sa\u2019o Orang Guru Sina \ndan Implikasinya Bagi \nKetahanan Budaya Lokal, \nSebuah Penelitian Awal\u201d, \nManuskrip, LPPM Unwira \nKupang.  \n\n______,2007. \u2019Media Neke dan Tafsir \nIdeologi Vagina di Guru Sina, \nFlores, Jurnal Kajian Budaya, \nVol  4, No 8 (Juli 2007).  \n\nWinangun, Wartaya, Y.W., 1990. \nMasyarakat Bebas Struktur, \nLiminalitas dan Komunitas \nMenurut Victor Turner, \nYogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\n\n\n17 \n \n\nWinarto T. Yunita, 1999. \u201cPendekatan \nProsesual: Menjawab Tantangan \ndalam Mengkaji Dinamika \nBudaya\u201d, Jurnal Antropologi \nIndonesia, Thn XXIII, No 60, \nSep \u2013 Des. \n\nWhitehead, Alfred North, 1974. \nReligion in the Making, New \nYork: New American Library. \n\n_______1984. Process and Reality (ed.) \nDavid Ray Griffin and Donald \nW. Sherburne, New York: The \nFree Press. \n\nZoetmulder, Piet, 1990, Manunggaling \nKawula Gusti, (terj.) Dick \nHartoko, Jakarta: Gramedia.", "start_char_idx": 45634, "end_char_idx": 47154, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "79822ddd-7219-456f-b135-c52a9cb5850d": {"__data__": {"id_": "79822ddd-7219-456f-b135-c52a9cb5850d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35701", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "dc8850a0b8045cff09aa1c07968e6aef82a8c85e4dc2cde3a967bb42037d8620", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c39e8cbe-6a65-474e-9e57-4c82ebcd796c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3570", "author": "Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA\u2019O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3570.pdf"}, "hash": "9e145df9e4b89943a3e90f29d2736bb9da95bf43c92799abc126d945d602693c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "83eda311-ea59-4eed-8ae7-41ae3bbd7e51", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "71754464834a126b2f91a85740d93b0d2908dc3ac035df29155c77ed9a4606ed", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Nyoman Wardi 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 33-38   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\n \n \n \n\nACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF \nLOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD \n\nCULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA \nPURA BATUKARU, BALI \n\n \nI Nyoman Wardi \n\nFaculty of Cultural Sciences \nUdayana University \n\nEmail: wardi_ecoculture@yahoo.co.id  \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nSince the emergence of the green revolution in Bali around the 1970s to the present \nday, in a gradation way emerged a variety of environmental changes and subak culture which \nis quite apprehensive. Among other things, the destruction of genetic resources, especially \nlocal rice varieties, and the emergence of concerns about the possible extinction of local rice \nvarieties. This article aims to explore the meaning of wisdom of mupuk kembang ritual in \nWorld Cultural Landscape Catur Angga Batukaru, in the context of conservation of local rice \nvarieties and food sovereignty in Tabanan-Bali. The research was conducted through data \ncollection with observation, in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and literature study. \nThe collected data were analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. \n\nThe result of the study showed that mupuk kembang ritual usually is held towards \nthe end of the pujawali ceremony on the cultural heritage of Catur Angga Pura Batukaru (Pura \nMuncaksari, Tambawaras, Besikalung, Pucak Petali, and Pura Batukaru) in Penebel District \nof Tabanan Regency. The mupuk kembang ritual is performed in the early morning (dawn), \nat around 04.00 - 06.00, where the holy man (pemangku) in trans condition (kerawuhan) put \nrice (Sri-Sedhana) rice (manik galih) to his people (bhakta) present in the pujawali ritual. \nImplicitly the ritual hinted rice (Oryza sativa) as a sacred plant or tree of life (kalpataru) and \nso that villagers, especially farmers (subak), conserve it, especially local rice varieties to be \ndeveloped as the main source of life. The mupuk kembang ritual also supports government\u2019s \ndevelopment programs in the context of maintaining food sovereignty in Bali. \n \nKeywords: mupuk kembang ritual, local rice varieties, conservation, food. \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nCatur Angga Pura Batukaru is a sacred cultural landscape of the jajar kemiri at \n\nBatukaru Temple located in the District Penebel Tabanan regency. The cultural landscape of \n\nCatur Angga Pura Batukaru consists of four major cultural heritage (pura), subak rice field, \n\nsettlement, mountain natural resources and protected forest of Batukaru, Lake Tamblingan \n\nand Buyan, Watershed (DAS), and natural resources and other cultures.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2916, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "83eda311-ea59-4eed-8ae7-41ae3bbd7e51": {"__data__": {"id_": "83eda311-ea59-4eed-8ae7-41ae3bbd7e51", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35701", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "dc8850a0b8045cff09aa1c07968e6aef82a8c85e4dc2cde3a967bb42037d8620", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "79822ddd-7219-456f-b135-c52a9cb5850d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "868f8aaefbcfed7ee02cb122a8076fd0018ed40ec6381093957121320504be43", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "534d7b44-dd71-4358-afbc-29856260ecf1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "da00aae134409b214e95446c3be56e7f3df5fc3aa2c8e6e955064b691510e3bf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 33-38   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\n \n\nThe four cultural heritages (temples) consist of two segments, namely the west side \n\n(sibak kauh): Pura Luhur Muncaksari and Pura Tambawaras, east side (sibak kangin) Pura \n\nLuhur Pucak Petali and Besikalung. Meanwhile, Pura Luhur Batukaru / Pucak Kedaton \n\nBatukaru which is one of Kahyangan Jagat Bali is in the middle or upstream, and is \n\nconsidered as cosmic king (Dalem) Catur Angga. In the context of the cosmic-magical \n\nkingdom, the four gods who stand on Catur Anga are seen as ministers (tanda mantri) in the \n\ngovernment bureaucracy having their duty and function in carrying out the duties and \n\nfunctions of cosmic king Dewa Pucak Kedaton / Batukaru. Dewa Pucak Kedaton / Bhatara \n\nBatukaru who as Sang Hyang Tumuwuh = The God of Tree, is trusted by the community as \n\nthe guardian and protector of the universe and pangurip bhumi (source of life) sarwa prani \n\n(biodiversity) for the society and the environment. \n\nIn the context of food sovereignty in Tabanan (Bali), especially in the cultivation of \n\nrice paddy by subak institution, Catur Angga Pura Batukaru is believed to function as Ulun \n\nSwi, that is as the main source of irrigation water subak, and to request safety, fertility and \n\nprosperity for all members of krama subak (farmers) and the environment. Based on the fertile \n\npockets of subak, especially those in the area of Chatur Angga Pura Batukaru, then the \n\nTabanan area is known as the rice granary of Bali. Various rituals are carried out by farmers \n\n(subak), especially those related to rice cultivation in rice fields. Among them, the ritual \n\nofferings sarin tahun and mupuk kembang accompanied by ritual mamica (penganugrahan) \n\nof the rice and manik galih from god to the people who attend and do praying. \n\nBased on the aesthetic values, cultural-religious, ecological, socio-economic and \n\nsocial, which is very rich, unique and important (outstanding and universal values), then Catur \n\nAngga Pura Batukaru by the people and government of Bali proposed, and has been \n\nestablished by UNESCO (June 29, 2012) as a world heritage, especially as part of World \n\nCultural Landscape of Bali. \n\nThe objectives of the research are to reveal the wisdom of Catur Angga Pura \n\nBatukaru cultural heritage, especially related to food sovereignty development program, and \n\nthe effort of actualizing ecological ethics in the context of sustainable development in the \n\nmodern era.", "start_char_idx": 2921, "end_char_idx": 5629, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "534d7b44-dd71-4358-afbc-29856260ecf1": {"__data__": {"id_": "534d7b44-dd71-4358-afbc-29856260ecf1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35701", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "dc8850a0b8045cff09aa1c07968e6aef82a8c85e4dc2cde3a967bb42037d8620", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "83eda311-ea59-4eed-8ae7-41ae3bbd7e51", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "83eb725e9bc5ef67925b3185074a903e7bf7921fb12907c7d014e530766e79e8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "089d89b1-db6f-4692-a91c-3cf4c46f0cd9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ccc1363758efc2f7299c94c5eea05570b12361d40bb1676c0053efb77023d736", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 33-38   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n35 \n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nThe research was conducted by data collection with observation technique, in-\n\ndepth interview and focus group discussion (FGD) with farmers and traditional leaders \n\n(tokoh adat). The collected data is analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The analysis and \n\ninterpretation of data used Deep Ecology theory of Arne Naess (Keraf, A. Simon, 2002) and \n\nCultural Semiotics from Roland Barthez. \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\nThe existence of cultural heritage, especially Catur Angga Pura Batukaru and \n\ncultivation activity of rice paddy by subak in Tabanan can not be separated from the condition \n\nof its natural environment. Based on research or land mapping conducted in Bali, almost most \n\nof the soil layer in Bali, especially Tabanan regency is formed by volcanic activity from Mount \n\nBuyan - Bratan Purba and Mount Batur Purba (Sutawidjaja, 1990: 168). Now Mount Batukaru \n\nis sacred (an altitude of 2600 meters above sea level), which is relatively geologically young, \n\nupstream Tabanan Regency, and plays an important role in forming the cultural heritage \n\ndynamism of Catur Angga Batukaru, both tangible and intangible. Among them, the cultural \n\nheritage of architecture, rituals and myths, cultural arts, subak social institutions, and other \n\ncultural elements. \n\nBased on the fertile nature of the natural condition with the presence of water that is \n\nquite abundant (Dinas Perikanan and Laut Tabanan, 2012), Tabanan Regency is very \n\nsuitable to develop agricultural activities, especially rice cultivation by subak institution, in the \n\ncontext of food sovereignty development program in Bali. According to Lee (2007) (in \n\nSantoso, Kompas 2/12/2013), the agricultural development program that carries the concept \n\nof food sovereignty is a development that embraces agro-ecological farming model, with \n\nprotectionist trade model, life antipaten, and recognizes communal ownership as well the \n\nconcept of green rationality. The food sovereignty paradigm recognizes the complexity of food \n\nproduction, harmonious relationships between farmers, and peasants with nature and \n\necological perspective. \n\nIn accordance with the stipulated by UNESCO (29 June 2012), agrarian area of \n\nCatur Angga Pura Batukaru as world cultural landscape covering the land of peoples with the \n\nwidth of rice field of 2,409 ha, covering 14 Subak Institution. (Forum Pekaseh Catur Angga \n\nBatukaru, 2014).", "start_char_idx": 5643, "end_char_idx": 8356, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "089d89b1-db6f-4692-a91c-3cf4c46f0cd9": {"__data__": {"id_": "089d89b1-db6f-4692-a91c-3cf4c46f0cd9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35701", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "dc8850a0b8045cff09aa1c07968e6aef82a8c85e4dc2cde3a967bb42037d8620", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "534d7b44-dd71-4358-afbc-29856260ecf1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "791ab8b86d0459cb279015f0512251025ed2e81b39b7ec1bb854d7abc954414c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0028cf28-0e93-4772-a577-05c0f28faa2f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2a50b231ac1411bdc3cfffabb98f59b4fbbbb6c428ff8f63c1b4560594384908", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 33-38   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n36 \n \n\nTo maintain the stability of food stock and success in cultivation of food crops, \n\nespecially rice, in addition to maintenance of rice crops and maintenance and irrigation \n\narrangements, various rituals are performed by subak institutions. Among them, the ritual \n\nofferings of sarin tahun and penganugrahan (mamica) of manik galih and rice in the mupuk \n\nkembang ritual  at the peak of the pujawali ritual (piodalan) on each Chatur Angga Pura \n\nBatukaru. \n\nThe ritual of sarin tahun (ngaturang sawinih) is done by subak by dedicating some \n\nof the best rice harvest (oryza sativa) to the gods / bhatara over water blessings (rainfall), \n\nblessing tirtha (holy water) , fertility, safety, success and harvest abundance (paddy) that \n\nhave been enjoyed in the management of rice cultivation. \n\n Sarin tahun offerings (rice, sari money, and sesajen) are done by the farmers \n\n(subak) to the gods / bhatara after the rice harvest and / or before re-planting new rice \n\nseedlings. Sarin tahun offerings were made to the gods who stand at the temple of subak \n\n(ulun swi temple or bedugul temple), where subak (farmers) once requested the blessing of \n\nholy water (tirtha / pakuluh) for protection (control of mrana / pests and plant diseases), fertility \n\nand the abundance of rice crops. The ritual is performed at Pura Batukaru and Catur \n\nAngganya (Muncaksari, Tambawaras, Besi Kalung and Pucak Petali Temple). At this sarin \n\ntahun ritual offerings the farmers simultaneously also requested the blessing of holy water \n\n(tirtha) for the safety, fertility and success of the harvest in rice cultivation of the following \n\nseason. \n\nCultural symbolic messages to preserve food sovereignty are also expressed from \n\nthe mupuk kembang ritual as a ritual in the piodalan (pujawali) ceremony at Catur Angga Pura \n\nBatukaru, in Batukaru Temple, Pura Muncaksari, Pura Tambawaras, Pura Besikalung and \n\nPucak Petali. \n\nThe word kembang in this context is associated with the red color (makenyit barak / \n\nmasemu bang) on the eastern horizon when the sun will rise in the morning as a sign that \n\nbegins a new day or life. The word mupuk in Balinese is a verb meaning to fill or bless / grant. \n\nThe mupuk kembang ritual as the top of the pujawali (as an end of the piodalan day) is usually \n\ndone in the early morning after the peak of the piodalan ritual, and begins at around 4:00 to \n\n6:00. After enjoying offerings and various kinds of fragrances (wewangian), and before the \n\ngods and ancestors leave the world / mayapada to return to the transcendental nature \n\n(nirvana / heaven), the gods through the mediation of pemangkus (sutris) in trance conditions \n\nsymbolically confer (mamica) beads (rice) and \u00e7ri -sedhana (pantun / rice and uang kepeng).", "start_char_idx": 8361, "end_char_idx": 11399, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0028cf28-0e93-4772-a577-05c0f28faa2f": {"__data__": {"id_": "0028cf28-0e93-4772-a577-05c0f28faa2f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35701", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "dc8850a0b8045cff09aa1c07968e6aef82a8c85e4dc2cde3a967bb42037d8620", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "089d89b1-db6f-4692-a91c-3cf4c46f0cd9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "c19880b56b62468cc2b055c118775c206cd09ec9bf15daa73f84efb2777493cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "466b9329-6a3c-4676-846f-a4281ea2a1b6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "18ff9c2902d69c342bc7caa12de1f3b28642bf9f04189a0612f963823dfdf0ca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 33-38   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n37 \n \n\nThe blessing of manic galih and \u00e7ri -sedhana is given to the people (pamedek / bhakta) who \n\nare present in the prayers. In this quite unique mammica ritual (especially at Pura \n\nTambawaras), some sutri (female saints) are in trance and fall stacked to the ground, \n\noverlapping each other. The condition of these stacked sutri is known as \u00c7ri-Tumpuk (Dewi \n\n\u00c7ri), namely as a symbol of fertility and prosperity. Then one by one the sutri arose, dancing \n\nwhile giving symbolically pica (blessing) manik galih (rice) and \u00e7ri -sedhana (rice and money) \n\nto the pamedek (people) who were present. The type of rice that is usually used as a blessing \n\n(paica) is a local rice varieties (Balinese rice). The ritual of blessing usually takes place in the \n\ncentral jaba yard or in Pura Subak (\u00c7ri -Sedhana) in Pura Catur Angga Batukaru. \n\nBlessing (paica) manik galih (rice) is recommended to be stored in pulu (rice storage) \n\nowned by each family, in order to become a source of high energy (magical) and inih (frugal). \n\nThe rice blessing is usually kept in the barn (jineng / klumpu) along with other rice owned by \n\nthe inhabitants (farmers). Some of the rice blessings are also symbolically sowed (as a jaton) \n\nwhen farmers make rice seeds in rice fields (ngawinih), so it is expected to be superior rice \n\nseedlings, healthy, strong, and fruit jelih (superior quality) and lambih (bushy). \n\n Thus, freely the terminology of mupuk kembang which is accompanied by the \n\nmammica ritual can be interpreted as a symbolic ritual of the addition of new magical life \n\nenergies (from gods to the people) in the form of galih beads (rice) and \u00e7ri -sedhana (rice and \n\nUang Kepeng) for salvation (rahayu), prosperity (wibuh) and welfare (hita) of society in facing \n\nthe duties and obligations of new life in society and state. In the ritual in general it is also \n\nincluded the presentation of holy water (tirtha) as a means of purification and symbol amerta \n\n(sustainable life). \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\nThe activities of traditional agriculture and ritual offerings of sarin tahun and mamica \n\nin the ritual of mupuk kembang performed by subak in the area of Chatur Angga Pura \n\nBatukaru in Panebel District indirectly contribute something very important in maintaining the \n\nsustainability of traditional rice varieties (local rice / rice Bali). \n\nEnvironmental wisdom associated with the concept of agroecological or agricultural \n\ndevelopment based on the sovereignty of food and sovereignty of farmers that have been \n\npracticed since the past by traditional farmers in Tabanan (Bali) as mentioned above need to \n\nbe conserved, developed and revitalized or actualized in accordance with the changes and \n\ndevelopments of the times.", "start_char_idx": 11404, "end_char_idx": 14436, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "466b9329-6a3c-4676-846f-a4281ea2a1b6": {"__data__": {"id_": "466b9329-6a3c-4676-846f-a4281ea2a1b6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-35701", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "dc8850a0b8045cff09aa1c07968e6aef82a8c85e4dc2cde3a967bb42037d8620", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0028cf28-0e93-4772-a577-05c0f28faa2f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "d4279de3a6e99ac1040d612429f0d8158fa929704cea75b5ae0a8319acbd1438", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d6e26f9a-5870-4cc7-81c7-d7cc15da9f02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0b4ddf86ac9ea7473b73cea917b5bdfa24a763a885e51f5b5f50020c8eabf6a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2017 Vol. 10, Number 4, Page 33-38   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n38 \n \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\nAcknowledgments are conveyed to the Rector, especially the Institute for \n\nCommunity Service Research (LPPM) of Udayana University for the opportunity and \n\npermission and administrative assistance that has been provided in facilitating the research \n\nfor education at the Postgraduate Program of Cultural Studies (S3) Doctorate Program in \n\nUdayana University. Our deepest gratitude is also conveyed to Dr. Pudentia MPSS as the \n\nchairman of the Association of Indonesian Oral Traditions (ATL) which provides opportunities \n\nto get scholarships in Oral Tradition, and provides opportunities to join Sandwich Program at \n\nLeiden University (in 2012) through Directorate of Higher Education and Foreign Cooperation \n\nMinistry of Education and Indonesian Culture. \n\n \n \nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \nBiro Hukum Provinsi Bali. 2012. \u201cPerda No.9 Th.2012 tentang Subak,\u201d dalam Himpuan \n\nPeraturan Daerah Provisi Bali Tahu 2012. Depasar. \nSutawidjaja, IGAN S.1990. Evolusi Kaldera Batur, Bali. Poceeding PIT XIX Ikatan Ahli \n\nGeologi Indonesia, Bandung. \nDinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Kabupaten Tabanan.2012. Survey Potensi Sumberdaya \n\nPesisir. Tabanan.  \nForum Pekaseh Catur Angga Batukaru. 2014. Awig-Awig Forum Pekaseh Catur Angga \n\nBatukaru.Tabanan.  \nBPS Kabupaten Tabanan. 2016. Kabupaten Tabanan Dalam Angka Tahun 2016. Tabanan. \nSantoso, Dwi Andreas.2013. \u201cMembumikan Kedaulatan Pangan\u201c dalam Kompas \n\n(tgl.2/12/2013). Jakarta. \nKeraf, A.Sonny, 2002. Etika Lingkungan. Jakarta: Pernerbit Buku Kompas.", "start_char_idx": 14441, "end_char_idx": 16241, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d6e26f9a-5870-4cc7-81c7-d7cc15da9f02": {"__data__": {"id_": "d6e26f9a-5870-4cc7-81c7-d7cc15da9f02", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3571", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "ec81b9bc64822985e0dbf26df9614d5805337cb79f0e430efcc968b2cf91ee80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "466b9329-6a3c-4676-846f-a4281ea2a1b6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-35701", "author": "Wardi, I Nyoman", "title": " ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI", "date": "2017-11-01", "file": "ecs-35701.pdf"}, "hash": "8b8d966bfc28bfe9ed7e6835594813bd0df7ed6375a62b099fb169cbec15e798", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a07758e8-ee4b-4e1d-a486-ff63765e8798", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "87ba79594fe067c47a9ebf513009d8b163a0d4d6069150bd21cca9cc87e4bfc7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Ni Made Ruastiti\n\n\n1 \n \n\nNEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS \nIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES \n\n \nNi Made Ruastiti1 , I Gde Parimartha2,   \n\nEdi Sedyawati3, I Made Suastika2 \n \n\n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Indonesia University \nE-mail:  ruastiti@yahoo.com \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\nThis research is focused on the newly packaged tourist performing arts; they are a \nnew concept and seem to be different from the general tourist performing arts. They are \npackaged from various components of Balinese arts and managed as large scale-tourist \nperforming arts in terms of materials, space, and time of their performances. The researcher \ncalls them   new types of Bali tourist performing arts because how they are presented is \nnew and different from the traditional tourist performing arts which are simply performed. \nIn this research, the newly-packaged performing arts are analyzed in the perspective of \ncultural studies. \n\nThe research was carried out at three palaces in Bali; they are Mengwi Palace in \nBadung regency, Anyar Palace at Kerambitan, Tabanan regency, and Banyuning Palace at \nBongkasa, Badung regency. There are three main problems to be discussed: firstly, how do \nthe tourist performing arts emerge in all the palaces? Secondly, are they related to the \ntourist industry developed in the palaces?, thirdly, what is the impact and meaning of them \nfor the sake of the palaces, society, and Balinese culture? The researcher uses a qualitative \nmethod and an interdisciplinary approach as characteristics of cultural studies. The theories \nused are hegemony, deconstruction, and structuration. \n\nThe result shows that the tourism development at all the palaces has made the local \nsociety become more critical. The money-oriented economy based on the spirit of getting \nbenefit has made the emergence of comodification in all sectors of life. The emergence of \ntourist industry at the palaces has led to the idea of showing all of the useful art and cultural \npotentials which at the palaces and their surroundings. Theoretically, the palaces can be \nstated to have deconstructed the concept of presenting the Bali tourist performing arts into a \nnew one, that is, \u201cthe newly packaged Bali tourist performing arts\u201d. \n\nIt has been observed that all the palaces have developed t \u201cNewly packaged Bali \ntourist Performing Arts\u201d but they are different in themes. At  Mengwi Palace  the theme is \n\u2018procession of religious rituals\u2019, at  Anyar Palace, Kerambitan, the theme is \u201critual \nprocession of welcoming the kingdom\u2019s guests\u201d and at  Banyuning Palace, Bongkasa, the \ntheme is \u201critual procession of wedding\u201d. The differences can be seen in the components \npresented in the performances. \n\nKey word: performing arts, tourism, palace", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2894, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a07758e8-ee4b-4e1d-a486-ff63765e8798": {"__data__": {"id_": "a07758e8-ee4b-4e1d-a486-ff63765e8798", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3571", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "ec81b9bc64822985e0dbf26df9614d5805337cb79f0e430efcc968b2cf91ee80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d6e26f9a-5870-4cc7-81c7-d7cc15da9f02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "a06c554664ca48b2917646d58d48845adcb612a25b9a0021bda2b4ac9ac05992", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d0dde094-e6ac-4204-b417-e7d5bb9e477d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6c5ea3184882df1c0dcc9d581f630815cea53ffdd3ee257dab491a34803e9c77", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nAmong so many performing arts \n\nexisting in Bali, a \u201cnew\u201d phenomenon \n\nappears, that is, various components of \n\nBalinese traditional arts and ritual \n\nprocessions (those intentionally designed \n\nfor the sake of tourism) are packaged into \n\na large tourist performing art viewed from \n\nthe form, space, duration of perform ance, \n\nwhich the researcher call \u201cnewly-\n\npackaged Bali tourist perfor ming arts\u201d, \n\nwhich are different from the Balinese \n\ntraditional performing arts in general.  \n\nThe Balinese traditional per \n\nforming arts are generally packaged from \n\none performing art, which are simply \n\nperformed as the original ones. While the \n\nNewly-Packaged Bali Tourism \n\nPerforming Arts are packaged from \n\nvarious types of performing arts and ritual \n\nprocess sions (which are intentionally de \n\nsigned) into large scale ones which are \n\npresented from the beginning of the \n\ndinner program to the end. The research \n\nwas conducted at the Palace of Mengwi, \n\nBadung Regency,the Palace of Anyar \n\nKerambitan, Taba nan Regency, and the \n\nPalace of Banyuning Bongkasa, Badung \n\nRege ncy, where the performing arts have \n\nappeared and developed. In this study, \n\nthose performing arts are observed from \n\nthe perspective of cultural studies. \n\nThis research has the fol lowing \n\nas its scope of discussion: (1) how have \n\nthe newly-packaged Bali tourism \n\nperforming arts appeared at the three \n\npalaces? (2) how have they developed in \n\nrelation with the development of the \n\ntourist industry  developing at the three \n\npalaces?, and (3) have they affected the \n\nexistence of and what is their \n\nmeaningfulness to the palaces, the society \n\nand the Balinese cultural treasury?  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nMengwi Palace, Anyar \n\nKerambitan Palace and Banyuning Palace \n\nhave developed newly-packaged Bali \n\ntourism performing arts, but if observed \n\nfurther, they have presented different \n\nthemes. The theme of the performance at \n\nMengwi Palace is \u201cprocession of \n\nreligious rituals\u201d, the theme of the perfor \n\nmance at Anyar Kerambitan Pallace is \n\n\u201cprocession of welcoming the kingdom\u2019s \n\nguests\u201d, and that of the performance at \n\nBanyuning Bongkasa Palace is \n\n\u201cprocession of wedding ritual\u201d. \n\nThe newly-packaged of Bali \n\ntourist performing arts are an art", "start_char_idx": 2905, "end_char_idx": 5185, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d0dde094-e6ac-4204-b417-e7d5bb9e477d": {"__data__": {"id_": "d0dde094-e6ac-4204-b417-e7d5bb9e477d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3571", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "ec81b9bc64822985e0dbf26df9614d5805337cb79f0e430efcc968b2cf91ee80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a07758e8-ee4b-4e1d-a486-ff63765e8798", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "05cde74096fdac8bf919d384bf90246cf004e441d8c0e57d7913ba4785970fc8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0b8dc555-a0f3-44b0-9e20-2c23d1f79320", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b8fad402d3fcd11af2a28287832fb54e982087f31140bc932b60d67ae788d657", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\ncreativity related to the context of societal \n\ndevelopment which cannot be separated \n\nfrom art tradition. Such an art is a cultural \n\ncapital and a social one in the field of \n\nperforming arts, especially in the newly-\n\npackaged of Bali tourism performing arts. \n\nAs stated by Bourdieu, the cultural capital \n\nand the social one can be transformed into \n\nan economic one. The newly-packaged of \n\nBali tourism performing arts in the three \n\npalaces are a concrete step of the local \n\ncommunity in facing the develop ment of \n\ntourist industry.  \n\nThe emergence of the new \n\nconcept is to fulfill the fact that the tourist \n\nindustry needs tradition-based performing \n\narts without making any conflict. As \n\nstated in the theory of structuration, that \n\nis, a \u201cstructural duality\u201d from Giddens, a \n\nnew struc ture in an existing structure \n\ndoes not only \u201climit\u201d but also \u201cenable\u201d. It \n\nmeans that the structure of the newly- \n\npackaged of Bali tourism performing arts \n\nin the Balinese performing arts \u201cenable\u201d \n\nto fulfill the gap of the needs of the \n\ntourist industry without causing damaging \n\nthe existing art and cultural structure. \n\nAlthough the members of art \n\nsekas (groups) in the newly-packaged of \n\nBali tourist performing arts have various \n\nprofessions, the tolerance among them \n\ncan make a mechanical solidarity. This \n\ncauses them as well as the society to keep \n\ncommitted in facing seriously the \n\ndevelopment of the tourist industry and to \n\nanticipate and conserve the authentic \n\nculture in order to avoid the practice of \n\nselling it as a tourist commodity.  \n\nIn terms of the relation they hold \n\nwith the tourist industry, there is a \n\nvariation among the palaces. Mengwi \n\nPalace which seems to keep the quality of \n\nperformance holds cooperation with some \n\nart sekas from inside and outside the \n\nMengwi village. The reason is that in \n\ncreating quality performances which are \n\nin accordance with what is needed,  \n\nMengwi Palace very frequently con ducts \n\nperformances by inviting sekas from \n\noutside the village. While Anyar \n\nKerambitan Palace conducts the \n\nperforming arts with their own concept \n\nand only invites sekas from the village. \n\nThe palace never invites sekas from \n\noutside the village. Banyuning Bongkasa \n\nPalace is passive. In creating the \n\nperforming arts,  the travel bureaus are \n\nmade to be free to  choose themselves the \n\ntypes of performances they want so that \n\nthe performances can satisfy the tourists.", "start_char_idx": 5190, "end_char_idx": 7664, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0b8dc555-a0f3-44b0-9e20-2c23d1f79320": {"__data__": {"id_": "0b8dc555-a0f3-44b0-9e20-2c23d1f79320", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3571", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "ec81b9bc64822985e0dbf26df9614d5805337cb79f0e430efcc968b2cf91ee80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d0dde094-e6ac-4204-b417-e7d5bb9e477d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "21ba1e02066cf8683630a65cdf90cbfe6b61b198f1beb88826900c510d75b9d4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "22a9a35a-9e53-460f-8379-9d3675c24e35", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "654ef61ddbf72751e7a89c583e8a3a0fd27650f4932bb66ad448d1edb839f174", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\nEconomically, the palaces gain \n\nprofits from renting places and selling \n\nfoods for the travel bureaus. The art sekas \n\ncan earn fee from the performances which \n\nis distributed every Galungan day, after a \n\n10% donation for the banjar. Each palace \n\ngenerally involves the members of \n\nbanjar, both male and female, as \n\nsupporting forces in every perfor   mance. \n\nFrom what they support, they get a salary \n\naccording to the role they play. \n\nThe  findings in this study show \n\nthat there has been a change in the \n\nconcept of presenting the performing arts  \n\nin the context of tourism, that is, the \n\nconcept of \u201cBali Tourist Performing Arts\u201d \n\nwhich simply presents only one  \n\nperforming art (structural) has changed \n\ninto the concept of \u201cnewly-packaged Bali \n\ntourist performing arts\u201d (poststruc tural) \n\nwhich packages various components of \n\nBalinese traditional arts such as various \n\ntypes of perfor ming arts and ritual \n\nprocess sions which are intentionally \n\ndesigned as a large scale tourist \n\nperforming art viewed from the material, \n\nthe space, and the duration of the \n\nperformance, which is always attached to \n\nthe dinner program and is continuously \n\npresented (poststructural) from the \n\nbeginning to the end of the program \n\nmaking the duration of the presentation \n\nreally long and not constant based on the \n\ntime when groups of tourists come for the \n\ndinner program. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nThe Newly-Packaged Bali \n\nTourist Performing Arts refer to the \n\nconcept of a new presentation of the Bali \n\ntourist performing arts which combine \n\nsome components of Bali  nese culture \n\nsuch as various types of performing arts \n\nand ritual process sions which are \n\nintentionally design ned into one large \n\nscale tourist performing art viewed from \n\nthe material, the space and the duration of \n\nthe presentation. Although in the \n\nperformance performed there are not any \n\nnew components, the concept and the way \n\nin which it is presented is \u201cnew\u201d and is \n\ndifferent from the general ones.The \n\nresearcher calls it \u201cNewly-Packaged Bali \n\nTourist Performing Art\u201d.  \n\nThe appearance of the Newly-\n\nPackaged Bali Tourist Performing Arts at \n\nthe three palaces has resulted in the \n\nemergence of various forms of new \n\ncreation or innovation of arts. This has \n\nbeen made to exist by the opportunities", "start_char_idx": 7669, "end_char_idx": 9995, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "22a9a35a-9e53-460f-8379-9d3675c24e35": {"__data__": {"id_": "22a9a35a-9e53-460f-8379-9d3675c24e35", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3571", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "ec81b9bc64822985e0dbf26df9614d5805337cb79f0e430efcc968b2cf91ee80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0b8dc555-a0f3-44b0-9e20-2c23d1f79320", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "baadeb10b226a0117f86672aae72923b56cefa2f4ee55b367af8c3184e8ffdc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8ddda7f7-7651-42bf-8972-3a698f27e80a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e28f93dd5aedbcd168fa44fecee13e202f8c5ea3ee9e470baec20ad6d636c36f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\nresulting from the tourist industry in the \n\nvillages where the palaces are located. \n\nThe creation of the new model of \n\nperforming arts has enriched the Balinese \n\nperforming arts, making it possible to \n\ncombine them with the wider interests of \n\nthe community, such as cultural tourism, \n\neconomics, and the palaces\u2019 prestige as \n\nthe centers for the traditional arts, and to \n\ngive meaningfulness to the existence of \n\ntraditional elites of the palaces in a \n\nmodern social intercourse.  \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \nBandem, I Made. 1992.  Sakral dan \n\nSekuler Tari Bali Dalam \nTransisinya. Denpasar: Sekolah \nTinggi Seni Indonesia. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies: \nTeori dan Praktik. Terjemahan \nCultural Studies: Theory and \nPractice.  Yogyakarta: \nBENTANG  PT. Bentang Pusaka. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1984.  Distinction: A \nSocial Critique of the Judgement \nof Taste.  Cambridge, MA: \nHarvard University Press. \n\nDibia, I Wayan. 1997.  Seni Pertunjukan \nTuristik dan Pergeseran Nilai-Nilai \nBudaya Bali, dlm: Mudra Jurnal \nSeni Dan Budaya, No.5.   \n\n--------------1999.  Selayang Pandang Seni \nPertunjukan Bali. Yogyakarta: \nMasyarakat Seni Pertunjukan \nIndonesia. \n\nHasil-hasil Seminar.  1971.  Seni Sakral \ndan Profan Bidang Tari, Tanggal \n24-25 Maret 1971.  Denpasar: \nProyek Pemiliharaan & \nPengembangan Kebudayaan Daerah \nBali. \n\nLunberg, D. E.  1990.  The Tuorist \nBusiness.  New York: Van \nNonstrand Reinhold. \n\nRuastiti, Ni Made. 2001.  Seni \nPertunjukan Wisata Pura Taman \nAyun: Sebuah Kemasan Baru.  \n(Tesis).  Denpasar: Program \nPascasarjana Universitas Udayana \n\n--------------2005. Seni Pertunjukan Bali \nDalam Kemasan Pariwisata. \nDenpasar: Bali Mangsi Press. \n\nSedyawati, Edi. 1980.  Tari. Tinjauan \nDari Berbagai Segi. Jakarta: \nPustaka Jaya. \n\n--------------1981.  Pertumbuhan Seni \nPertunjukan. Jakarta: Sinar Harapan \n\nSeramasara, I Gusti Ngurah. 1997. \nSekulerisasi Seni Pertunjukan Bali \nPada Tahun 1920-1974. (Tesis). \nYogyakarta: Program Pascasarjana \nUniversitas Gajah Mada. \n\nSoedarsono, R.M. 1998. Seni Pertunjukan \nIndonesia Di Era Globalisasi.  \nJakarta: Direktorat Jendral \nPendidikan Tinggi Departemen \nPendidikan dan Kebudayaan. \n\nSumandiyo Hadi, Y. Sumandiyo Hadi, Y. \n2002. Seni dalam Ritual Agama.  \nYogyakarta: PUSTAKA \n\n---------------2005. Sosiologi Tari. Sebuah \nPengenalan Awal. Yogyakarta: \nPUSTAKA. \n\nWijaya, Suasthi, N.I.N.  2002.  I Made \nKredek 1906-1979.  Kehidupan, \nkarya dan Pemikirannya.  (Tesis).  \nYogyakarta: Universitas Gajah \nMada.", "start_char_idx": 10000, "end_char_idx": 12493, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8ddda7f7-7651-42bf-8972-3a698f27e80a": {"__data__": {"id_": "8ddda7f7-7651-42bf-8972-3a698f27e80a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3572", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "45f41cb251f2c4cd7ff2d43eced035de20ff88fc8ec4446d78e5c0a99821c78d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "22a9a35a-9e53-460f-8379-9d3675c24e35", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3571", "author": "Ruastiti, Ni Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Sedyawati, Edi; Suastika, I Made", "title": " NEWLY-PACKAGED BALI TOURIST PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3571.pdf"}, "hash": "b380207081dcaa4daa8f63460231c735a94f3ce930a79a1e21efef207cdf130d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5b30a095-4b7d-4bab-b496-ef638e6f2a6f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ecf9f98651f57ce65179f391762cac19555176ce13d5bb31774dd5c2ec5b0b44", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Nyoman Madiun\n\n\n1 \n \n\nLOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING  \nNUSA DUA TOURIST AREA \n\n(IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES) \n \n\nI Nyoman Madiun1 , I Wayan Ardika2,  \nI Nyoman Sirtha3,  I Made Suradnya4,  \n\n \n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n3Faculty of Law, Udayana University \n\n4Faculty of Ecomomics, Udayana University \nE-mail: nmadiun@hotmail.com \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n          That the management of various potentials has been essential in developing Bali \ntourism has made planning one of the important elements which should be seriously and \ncarefully done in order to be able to control various environmental and cultural effects \nresulting from the development of  tourist sector. To make such a condition come true, the \nparticipative role of the local community as the owner of the area is very essential and \ncannot be bargained. In reality, however, the community\u2019s participation cannot be easily \nconducted. \n            In this study, the theories of hegemony, deconstruction, criticism, power/ \nknowledge, and conflict are employed. The data were obtained by observation, interview, \ndocumentation, and library research. The data were qualitatively analyzed and descriptively \npresented.  \n            The research findings show various forms of the community\u2019s participation such as \nmanipulative participation, coersive participation, induced participation, and spontaneous \nparticipation.  \n             The factors motivating the community to participate are: the Availability of \nPotential Qualified Resources, the Appearance of Tourism-Oriented New Paradigm in \nDevelopment among the Local Community Members, the Desire of Obtaining Economic \nUsefulness, the Influence of Modernization on the Local Community Life, the Prospect of \nComplementary Businesses in the Future, and the Desire of Establishing an Autonomous \nCommunity.  \n               The meaningfulness of the local community\u2019s participation in developing Nusa \nDua Tourist Area refers to the meaningfulness of Adherence to Rules, Economy, Pluralism \nand Multiculturalism and of Competition. There are two findings in this study; they are: (a) \nthere is hegemony over the local community\u2019s rights and (b) the local community is getting \nmarginalized in getting access to opportunities.  \n \nKey word: Participation, Local Community, Development, Tourist Area", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2474, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5b30a095-4b7d-4bab-b496-ef638e6f2a6f": {"__data__": {"id_": "5b30a095-4b7d-4bab-b496-ef638e6f2a6f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3572", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "45f41cb251f2c4cd7ff2d43eced035de20ff88fc8ec4446d78e5c0a99821c78d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8ddda7f7-7651-42bf-8972-3a698f27e80a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "e0439d3b7f02364aa5980ad1e740e9f49c760224d8a4429c8c77fef354d84012", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "793244b5-2bb0-4202-817c-aedc34cfe801", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "98dc41bdffa4441d3882b585f8853e45609118c52f759dd02cc87084f0a03094", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n\n \n\n               In order to achieve what is \n\naimed at in this study, it has been  \n\ndecided to choose qualitative method by \n\nwhich all the phenomena related to the \n\nlocal community\u2019s participation which \n\nhas appeared from the phase of thinking \n\nout of and planning the development to \n\nthe phase of commercializing and \n\ndeveloping  Nusa Dua tourist area are \n\npresented. To obtain the information from \n\nthe local community in order to achieve \n\nwhat is aimed at in this study, the \n\nimportant steps done related to the study \n\nare as follows: \n\n               In step one the data both \n\nprimary and secondary were collected. In \n\nstep two the relevant theories were \n\nselected for observing the data.  The \n\ntheories of hegemony, deconstruction, \n\ncriticism, power/knowledge, conflict were \n\nemployed. In step three the selected data \n\nwere analyzed and interpreted. In step \n\nfour the research findings were described \n\nand presented.  \n\n               The local community\u2019s partici \n\npation can be presented in several phases. \n\nIn the first phase, that is, in the phase of \n\nthinking out of and planning the \n\ndevelopment of the area, it is revealed \n\nthat the local community members are \n\nprepared to shift from their old tradition \n\nto culture of tourism by submitting their \n\nland. Such a submission means various \n\nresources which can be classified as \n\npotentials can be changed into actual \n\nresources. The local community\u2019s partici \n\npation in making use of various resour \n\nces available for the development of Nusa \n\nDua tourist area is realized with reference \n\nto the community-based tourist \n\ndevelopment concept. \n\n               In the second phase, the local \n\ncommunity and the government develop \n\nvarious supporting facilities such as \n\nhealth, security, and so on. Tourism is \n\nable to create a situation which makes the \n\nlocal community participate in improving \n\nthe values of their various resources. As a \n\nconsequence, the local community is \n\ngetting aware that their human resources \n\nespecially in forming competence are \n\nstarting to grow. The formation of the \n\nlocal community\u2019s competence strongly \n\nsupports their participation in serving \n\ntourists.  \n\n              In the third phase, that is, in the \n\nphase of commercializing and develop \n\nping Nusa Dua tourist area, the local", "start_char_idx": 2481, "end_char_idx": 4842, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "793244b5-2bb0-4202-817c-aedc34cfe801": {"__data__": {"id_": "793244b5-2bb0-4202-817c-aedc34cfe801", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3572", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "45f41cb251f2c4cd7ff2d43eced035de20ff88fc8ec4446d78e5c0a99821c78d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5b30a095-4b7d-4bab-b496-ef638e6f2a6f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "318c6cd997802af69c3cc4bfd0dfac3caf335af5be10644301ace8fa93188e4d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a2260555-6868-472c-9f17-66b06d015b1b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "63148be2e60d69dacbb0856e99edb38b94e7ab3683f831c7fcc5181893f4eb97", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\ncommunity\u2019s involvement and partici \n\npation in tourism sector is spontaneously \n\ndone by running home stays, food and \n\nbeverage stalls, and other mutually \n\ncomplementary businesses. The phase of \n\ncommercialization also makes the local \n\ncommunity aware of preserving their \n\nlocal culture which has been inherited \n\nsince a long time ago. However, various \n\nlimitations cause the local community to \n\nparticipate in a small scale. As far as the \n\nimportance of multiculturalism is \n\nconcerned, the local community clearly \n\nparticipates in realizing what has been \n\nplanned by the government to build holy \n\nplaces for the followers of different \n\nreligions. It cannot be avoided that the \n\nnewcomers who have been experienced \n\nand competent in tourism cause the local \n\ncommunity to be always under pressure \n\nin business competition. \n\n               This study also reveals the \n\nfactors motivating the local community to \n\nparticipate in developing Nusa Dua \n\ntourist area. They are: the availability of \n\npotential qualified resources, the \n\nappearance of tourist-oriented new \n\nparadigm in development among the local \n\ncommunity members, the desire of \n\nobtaining economic usefulness, the \n\ninfluence of modernization on the local \n\ncommunity, the prospect of complement \n\ntary businesses in the future, and the \n\ndesire of realizing an autonomous \n\ncommunity. From the various forms of \n\nparticipation and factors motivating the \n\nlocal community to participate in \n\ndeveloping Nusa Dua tourist area, the \n\nmeaningfulness of the local commu nity\u2019s \n\nparticipation refers to the meaningfulness \n\nof adherence to rules, economy, pluralism \n\nand multicultu ralism, and of competition.    \n\n \n\nNOVELTY \n\n               The novelties in this study are:  \n\n1). The hegemony of power over the local \n\ncommunity\u2019s rights. Claiming that the \n\ntourist development is based on the local \n\ncommunity, a paradigm of deve lopment \n\nis implicitly introduced and forced to the \n\nlocal community. As a modern \n\nphenomenon, the tourism development is \n\nconsidered to be the most suitable one to \n\nbe developed at  Nusa Dua area, \n\nconsidering that it has the natural and \n\ncultural potentials. Faced with the really \n\nnew phenomenon, on one side the local \n\ncommunity finds it very difficult to \n\ncomprehend the substance of the \n\nparadigm introduced to them, and on the", "start_char_idx": 4847, "end_char_idx": 7218, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a2260555-6868-472c-9f17-66b06d015b1b": {"__data__": {"id_": "a2260555-6868-472c-9f17-66b06d015b1b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3572", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "45f41cb251f2c4cd7ff2d43eced035de20ff88fc8ec4446d78e5c0a99821c78d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "793244b5-2bb0-4202-817c-aedc34cfe801", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "0ea3083ebce839ba2debc9e18cc89b755c9eca0b155cb3239d70d06130bb25c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "71ca5598-c4d1-4cde-8960-7a80af221f71", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8822b8e52968e6ac673f3c3de4159291fcab3a70aa974fa4219d7efa505e74a0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\nother side the paradigm should be \n\napplied. Consequently, the hegemony \n\nplays an important role in realizing the \n\nconcept of the new development. The \n\nlocal community has no choice, whether \n\nthey like or dislike, they should accept \n\nsuch a condition, which is, in fact, full of \n\npressure and intimidation in applying it.  \n\n2). The local community is getting \n\nmarginalized in getting access to \n\nopportunities. When the community is \n\nmotivated to participate by submitting \n\ntheir land to the government, to build \n\nvarious supporting facilities, and to get \n\ninvolved in other participations which are \n\ninduced (induced participation), they \n\nremain powerless in facing the pressures \n\nwhich come not only from the \n\ngovernment but also from foreign \n\ncultures. Most forms of participation done \n\nby the local community is indirect, \n\npassive, very formal and consultative. \n\nFurthermore, the information and \n\ndecisions come from top to down. The \n\ndecisions made by the government are \n\nfull of manipulations and very dirty \n\ngames. The local community should \n\nadapt to claim for the substance of the \n\nnew paradigm which is full of modern \n\nculture. The power is still fully held by \n\nthe government. The participation given \n\nby the local government is completely \n\nfalse (pseudo participation). The benefit \n\nacquired by participating is not \n\nsignificant; furthermore, the feedback \n\ngiven by the local community regarding \n\nthe decisions made by the government is \n\nfrequently neglected. To overcome such a \n\ndifficult situation in order to be able to \n\nparticipate as a modern community in \n\ntheir area, knowledge and competence in \n\ntourism which can be used as the power \n\nin participating are needed. It cannot be \n\navoided that when the local community \n\ngets involved in tourism in their area, \n\ncommunication issue is becoming \n\nimportant. There are many obstacles \n\nencountered by the local community \n\nwhen they are to present themselves in \n\nthe process of communication.  \n\n              Communicating in tourist sector \n\nmeans that the local community should be \n\nprepared to interact with the other \n\ncommunities which have various cultural \n\nbackgrounds. Being less competent, the \n\nlocal community is not able to get \n\ninvolved in the process of business \n\ncommunication perfectly. Being aware of \n\nthis, the local community must start from \n\nthe beginning how to communicate", "start_char_idx": 7223, "end_char_idx": 9638, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "71ca5598-c4d1-4cde-8960-7a80af221f71": {"__data__": {"id_": "71ca5598-c4d1-4cde-8960-7a80af221f71", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3572", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "45f41cb251f2c4cd7ff2d43eced035de20ff88fc8ec4446d78e5c0a99821c78d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a2260555-6868-472c-9f17-66b06d015b1b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "ab31fe1e2c6c354c152b407e607714efbd75b1acba4f74bb39819b00d43ed606", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a93818a5-e502-4dd5-b57d-e2088cf6c70b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "571c246182e1583440bf08fb4c297a7b541bceb91dbc1ea49744ac3b65b5d5c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\nculturally in order to support their \n\nbusinesses in their area. Facing serious \n\nproblems in one\u2019s own area is a \n\ncontradiction. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH CONCLUSIONS \n\n  \n\n              The findings show that the local \n\ncommunity\u2019s participation in the early \n\nphase of thinking out of and planning the \n\ndevelopment of the area is manipulative \n\nand coersive. In the phase of physical \n\ndevelopment, the local community\u2019s \n\nparticipation is induced. In the phase of \n\ncommercialization and development of \n\nNusa Dua tourist area, the local \n\ncommunity\u2019s participation is sponta \n\nneous. The factors motivating the local \n\ncommunity to participate in developing \n\nNusa Dua tourist area are: the availability \n\nof potential qualified resour ces, the \n\nappearance of a tourism-oriented new \n\nparadigm in development among the local \n\ncommunity members, the desire of \n\nobtaining economic usefulness, the \n\ninfluence of modernization on the local \n\ncommunity, the prospect of \n\ncomplementary businesses in the future, \n\nand the desire of realizing an autonomous \n\ncommunity.  The meaning fulness of the \n\nlocal community\u2019s participation refers to \n\nthe meaningful ness of Adherence to \n\nRules, Economy, Pluralism and \n\nMulticulturalism, and of Competition.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGMENTS \n\n \n\n              In this opportunity the writer \n\nwould like to express his indebtedness to \n\nProf. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A. as the \n\nPromotor, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sirta, S.H., \n\nM.S. as the First Copromotor  and Dr. I \n\nMade Suradnya, S.E., M.Sc., as the \n\nSecond Promotor  for their patience, full \n\nattention, motivation, and guidance \n\nstarting from when the study was in the \n\nform of proposal up to when it was in the \n\nform of dissertation. The writer would \n\nalso like to express his appre ciation to \n\nthe Rector of Udayana University, the \n\nDirector of  the Postgra duate Program \n\nUdayana University  and all his staff \n\nmembers, and to the Head of the \n\nDoctorate Program (S3) School of \n\nCultural Studies Udayana University and \n\nhis all staff members for the admission \n\nprovided to be a student at the Doctorate \n\nProgram (S3) School of Cultural Studies.", "start_char_idx": 9643, "end_char_idx": 11787, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a93818a5-e502-4dd5-b57d-e2088cf6c70b": {"__data__": {"id_": "a93818a5-e502-4dd5-b57d-e2088cf6c70b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3572", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "45f41cb251f2c4cd7ff2d43eced035de20ff88fc8ec4446d78e5c0a99821c78d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "71ca5598-c4d1-4cde-8960-7a80af221f71", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "436edcfb159a119fa84860a5357bc7e327fb740521b85d8d7eb54df10a088ae6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "57c6b1f1-24d5-4de1-a59b-a72c71347c89", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b958ff4f5d6b9bad76194f207493eba2297e7ecdc0b1d59fb08a8d07bc2f736f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\n \n\nArdika, I Wayan, 2007, Pusaka Budaya \ndan Pariwisata, Cetakan \nPertama, Pustaka Larasan, \nDenpasar. \n\nArdika, I Wayan, Pariwisata Budaya \nBerkelanjutan, Refleksi dan \nHarapan di Tengah Perkemba \nngan Global, 2003, Program \nStudi Magister (S2) Kajian \nPariwisata, Program Pascasarjana \nUniversitas Udayana, Denpasar. \n \n\nAronsson, Lars, 2004, The Develop ment \nof Sustainable Tourism, \nThomson, the UK. \n\n \nBagus, I Gusti Ngurah, 2002, Menuju \n\nTerwujudnya Ilmu Pariwisata \nDi Indonesia, Universitas Uda \nyana Denpasar.  \n \n\nBarker, Chris, 2000, Cultural Studies, \nTheory and Practice, Sage \nPublications, London. \n \n\nBrunt, Paul, dkk, 2001, Tourism: A \nModern Synthesis, Thomson, \nLondon. \n \n\nBungin, Burhan, 2001, Metodologi \nPenelitian Sosial,, Format-\nFormat Kuantitaif dan \nKualitatif, Airlangga University \nPress, Surabaya. \n\n \nBurns and Holden, 1995, Tourism a new \n\nperspective, Prentice Hall, \nLondon. \n\n \n\nBurns, Peter M, 1999, An Introduction \nto Tourism and Anthropology, \nRoutledge, London. \n \n\nConlin, Michael V. and Baum, Tom, \n1995, Island Tourism, Manage \nment Principles and Practice, \nJohn Wiley & Sons, New York. \n \n\nCooper, Chris, dkk, 2005, Tourism, \nPrinciple and Practice, Third \nEdition, Pearson Education Limi \nted, London. \n\n \nDumairy, 1996, Perekonomian Indone \n\nsia, Penerbit : Erlangga, Jakarta  \n \n\nFakih, Mansour, 2003, Runtuhnya Teori \nPembangunan dan Globa lisasi, \nINSIST PRESS,  Yogya karata. \n \n\nFoucault, Michel, 2002, Alih Bahasa: \nArief, Power/Knowledge, \nWacana Kuasa/Pengetahuan, \nBentang Budaya, Yogyakarta. \n \n\nGee, Chuck Y, 1999, International \nTourism: A Global Perspective, \nWorld Tourism Organization, \nEducation Network. \n \n\nGiddens, Anthony, 1994, Masyarakat \nPost-Tradisional, IRCiSoD, \nYogyakarta. \n \n\nHabermas, Jurgen, 2006, Teori \nTindakan Komunikatif I, Rasio \ndan Rasionalisasi Masyarakat, \nKreasi Wacana, Yogyakarta.", "start_char_idx": 11800, "end_char_idx": 13696, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "57c6b1f1-24d5-4de1-a59b-a72c71347c89": {"__data__": {"id_": "57c6b1f1-24d5-4de1-a59b-a72c71347c89", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3572", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "45f41cb251f2c4cd7ff2d43eced035de20ff88fc8ec4446d78e5c0a99821c78d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a93818a5-e502-4dd5-b57d-e2088cf6c70b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "887e4f480aa4ebba9ea57aed0fd2b7b6782aa048455f652f69bed65a9b8cab46", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f86910a2-f5c8-4c2f-8c9e-c38ec58c2d5e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2e5bed2ed28f8dc77625fc6b2411eb4e6a78cbfe8ab6fe80cf865323b004b415", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7 \n \n\nInskeep, Edward, 1991, \n\nTourismplanning, An Integrated \nand Sustainable  Development \nApproach, Van Nostrand Reinhold, \nNew York. \n\n \nKorntjaraningrat, 2002, Kebudayaan \n\nMentalitas dan Pembangunan, PT \nGramedia Pustaka Utama, Yakarta. \n\n \nLubis, Akhyar Yusuf, 2006, \n\nDekonstruksi Epistemologi \nModern: Dari Posmodernisme, \nTeori Kritis, Poskolonialisme \nHingga, Cultural Studies, \nPustaka Indonesia Satu, Jakarta. \n \n\nLubis,     Akhyar Yusuf, 2004, Setelah \nKebenaran dan Kepastian \nDihancurkan Masih Adakah \nTempat Berpijak Bagi Ilmuan, \nSebuah Uraian Filsafat Ilmu \npengetahuan Kaum Posmo \ndernis, Akademia, Bogor. \n\n \nNorris, Christopher, 2006, Membongkar \n\nTeori Dekon struksi Jaques \nDerrida, ARR-RUZZ MEDIA, \nYogyakarta.  \n \n\nTosun, Cevat, 2006, Expected nature of \ncommunity participation in \ntourism development, School of \nTourism and Hotel Management, \nMustafa Kemal University, \nTurkey, Tourism Management. \n\n \nArdika, I Wayan, 2007, Pusaka Budaya \n\ndan Pariwisata, Cetakan \nPertama, Pustaka Larasan, \nDenpasar. \n\n \n\nArdika, I Wayan, Pariwisata Budaya \nBerkelanjutan, Refleksi dan \nHarapan di Tengah Perkemba \nngan Global, 2003, Program \nStudi Magister (S2) Kajian \nPariwisata, Program Pascasarjana \nUniversitas Udayana, Denpasar. \n \n\nAronsson, Lars, 2004, The Deve lopment \nof Sustainable Tou rism, \nThomson, the UK. \n\n \nBagus, I Gusti Ngurah, 2002, Menuju \n\nTerwujudnya Ilmu Pariwisata \nDi Indonesia, Universitas \nUdayana Denpasar.  \n \n\nBarker, Chris, 2000, Cultural Studies, \nTheory and Practice, Sage \nPublications, London. \n \n\nBrunt, Paul, dkk, 2001, Tourism: A \nModern Synthesis, Thomson, \nLondon. \n \n\nBungin, Burhan, 2001, Metodologi \nPenelitian Sosial,, Format-\nFormat Kuantitaif dan \nKualitatif, Airlangga University \nPress, Surabaya. \n \n\nBurns and Holden, 1995, Tourism a new \nperspective, Prentice Hall, \nLondon. \n\n \nBurns, Peter M, 1999, An Introduction \n\nto Tourism and Anthropology, \nRoutledge, London. \n \n\nConlin, Michael V. and Baum, Tom, \n1995, Island Tourism, Mana \ngement Principles and Practice, \nJohn Wiley & Sons, New York.", "start_char_idx": 13716, "end_char_idx": 15781, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f86910a2-f5c8-4c2f-8c9e-c38ec58c2d5e": {"__data__": {"id_": "f86910a2-f5c8-4c2f-8c9e-c38ec58c2d5e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3572", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "45f41cb251f2c4cd7ff2d43eced035de20ff88fc8ec4446d78e5c0a99821c78d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "57c6b1f1-24d5-4de1-a59b-a72c71347c89", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "e4fee5c9266831e5fdb545fdbc4a7ac65fac88f1e0edcbfca3a3faf6df4341cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6b778b18-04d7-485f-8d5b-51806437b918", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9fd6648e82f15474b60d7a228280bd4d8cdb7c2c1139fccaac948ce69009d77b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8 \n \n\nCooper, Chris, dkk, 2005, Tourism, \nPrinciple and Practice, Third \nEdition, Pearson Education \nLimited, London. \n\n \nDumairy, 1996, Perekonomian \n\nIndonesia, Penerbit : Erlangga, \nJakarta  \n \n\nFakih, Mansour, 2003, Runtuhnya Teori \nPembangunan dan Globa lisasi, \nINSIST PRESS,  Yogya karata. \n \n\nFoucault, Michel, 2002, Alih Bahasa: \nArief, Power/Knowledge, \nWacana Kuasa/Pengetahuan, \nBentang Budaya, Yogyakarta. \n \n\nGee, Chuck Y, 1999, International \nTourism: A Global Perspective, \nWorld Tourism Organization, \nEducation Network. \n \n\nGiddens, Anthony, 1994, Masyarakat \nPost-Tradisional, IRCiSoD, \nYogyakarta. \n \n\nHabermas, Jurgen, 2006, Teori \nTindakan Komunikatif I, Rasio \ndan Rasionalisasi Masyarakat, \nKreasi Wacana, Yogyakarta.  \n \n\nInskeep, Edward, 1991, Tourism \nPlanning, An Integrated and \nSustainable Development \nApproach, Van Nostrand \nReinhold, New York. \n\nKorntjaraningrat, 2002, Kebudayaan \nMentalitas dan Pembangunan, \nPT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, \nYakarta. \n\n \nLubis, Akhyar Yusuf, 2006, \n\nDekonstruksi Epistemologi \nModern: Dari Posmodernisme, \nTeori Kritis, Poskolonialisme \nHingga, Cultural Studies, \nPustaka Indonesia Satu, Jakarta. \n \n\nLubis,     Akhyar Yusuf, 2004, Setelah \nKebenaran dan Kepastian \nDihancurkan Masih Adakah \nTempat Berpijak Bagi Ilmuan, \nSebuah Uraian Filsafat Ilmu \npengetahuan Kaum Posmo \ndernis, Akademia, Bogor. \n\n \nNorris, Christopher, 2006, Membongkar \n\nTeori Dekonstruksi Jaques \nDerrida, ARR-RUZZ MEDIA, \nYogyakarta.  \n \n\nTosun, Cevat, 2006, Expected nature of \ncommunity participation in \ntourism development, School of \nTourism and Hotel Management, \nMustafa Kemal University, \nTurkey, Tourism Management.", "start_char_idx": 15788, "end_char_idx": 17451, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6b778b18-04d7-485f-8d5b-51806437b918": {"__data__": {"id_": "6b778b18-04d7-485f-8d5b-51806437b918", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3573", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "b2cc124067f1f1e0bbd6a44905f0e5a93bbc98e33dfb7bd236d1d3bd16e307cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f86910a2-f5c8-4c2f-8c9e-c38ec58c2d5e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3572", "author": "Madiun, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Suradnya, I Made", "title": " LOCAL COMMUNITY\u2019S PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING NUSA DUA TOURIST AREA (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3572.pdf"}, "hash": "12654c51bd0b0843ab00452a3d8998ea293ca5b4b0473d8eb093cb886694a960", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4b89a7ea-01d0-48e6-ba1f-d3a257ba0fcc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "40e5b3e0b3944d4f4d0a3c2c12918fa37b2e6e6697a270d959337d1e4f8d4cc3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Putu Sukardja\n\n\n1 \n \n\nENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT  INDUSTRY AT \nSUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, \n\nDISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA \n \n\nPutu Sukardja1 , I Gde Parimartha2  \nI Wayan Ardika2, I Made Suastika2  \n\n \n\n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\nE-mail:  psukardja@yahoo.com \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nThis research reveals the process of enculturation and gender in the woven fabric \nindustry at  Sangkaragung, district of Negara, Jembrana. The weaving tradition and \nenculturation process give the women at Sangkaragung a hope to change their ideology in \ngender and socio cultural construction. This study aims at discussing the factors making \nthe women at  Sangkaragung do weaving activities, the process of weaving enculturation \nand the development of gender taking place there, and the impacts and meaning of the \nweaving enculturation on their socio-cultural life. \n\nIn analyzing the problems above, the  theory of post-structuralism, the theory of \npractice, and the theory of social change were used. To find out the relevant data, a \nqualitative method was applied in which the data were collected by deep interviews, \nobservation, and documentation.  \n\nThe result shows that the factors making the women do such activities are:  myths \non women and weaving activities; globalization and socio-cultural changes, and fulfillment \nof daily needs. The process of weaving enculturation done through cultural transmission \nand socialization in weaving results in acculturation and enculturation which then give a \ndeeper understanding to the society of the pattern and system related to the weaving \nactivities. The weaving enculturation also causes some forms of changes at   Sangkaragung \nsuch as work  division between men and women. The weaving enculturation and the \ndevelopment of gender have affected the ways in which   decisions are made in some \naspects of life such as in the context of traditional and religious rituals, the expenditures for \nprimary family needs, health care, and children\u2019s education. Although the women are \nacknowledged and appreciated that they have economically contributed to their families, \nfull emancipation has not been given to them due to patriarchal, social and cultural systems \nwhich are still attached to the society.   \n\n \nKey word: enculturation, gender, woven cloth industry", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2447, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4b89a7ea-01d0-48e6-ba1f-d3a257ba0fcc": {"__data__": {"id_": "4b89a7ea-01d0-48e6-ba1f-d3a257ba0fcc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3573", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "b2cc124067f1f1e0bbd6a44905f0e5a93bbc98e33dfb7bd236d1d3bd16e307cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6b778b18-04d7-485f-8d5b-51806437b918", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "fd68f686fbbf1575bc501ce56ae9a83bae5d3f8427683e0fe0b275452448457d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ca84bb2e-210f-4b7d-8fec-ecfbce3ba505", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f0da221b4a3279237e619ad8a68fed6931b62a5d0bd8f281c204df3136b0a181", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n \n\nThe harmonious relation between \n\nfeminism and cultural studies can be \n\nmade to appear by the awareness of \n\nmutual interests. Both feminism and \n\ncultural studies intend to withdraw \n\nknowledge from the marginal and \n\nsuppressed groups of people. Therefore, \n\nthis research aims at revealing the \n\nprocess of enculturation and gender in \n\nthe woven fabric  industry at  \n\nSangkaragung, District of Negara, \n\nJembrana. The problems of women are \nmade to appear by the bad quality of \n\ntheir human resources.  Such problems \n\nare not only caused by their weakness but \n\nalso by the ideology of gender and socio \n\ncultural construction.  \n\nThe weaving tradition with the \n\nprocess of enculturation gives the women \n\nat  Sangkaragung a hope to be able to \n\nchange their ideology of gender and \n\nsocio cultural construction. The society \n\nof  Sangkaragung, District of Negara, \n\nJembrana Regency, still maintain and \n\npreserve their weaving knowledge and \n\nskill. The process of enculturation related \n\nto the weaving activities is traditionally \n\ndone, that is, the daughters learn from \n\ntheir mothers or other relatives \n\npossessing the weaving knowledge and \n\nskill.  \n\nAs a research of cultural studies \n\nwith qualitative method, this study \n\nobserves the factors causing the women \n\nat  Sangkaragung to weave, the process \n\nof enculturation and the development of \n\ngender at Sangkaragung, as well as the \n\nmeaning of enculturation to their socio \n\ncultural life. In analyzing the above \n\nproblems, the theory of post-\n\nstructuralism, the theory of practice, and \n\nthe theory of social change were applied. \n\nTo obtain the relevant data, the \n\nqualitative method by deep interviews, \n\nobservation and documentation was \n\napplied.  \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n \n\nThe bad quality of the women\u2019s \n\nhuman resources has contr ibuted to the \n\ninequity of gender at the society (Mosse, \n\n1996). This is not only caused by   the \n\nwomen the mselves but also by the \n\nideology of gender, system, and structure \n\nwhich is based on the cultural \n\nconstruction of the society. Culture is not \n\nbiologically inherited but constitutes a \n\npattern of behavior which is learned and", "start_char_idx": 2461, "end_char_idx": 4640, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ca84bb2e-210f-4b7d-8fec-ecfbce3ba505": {"__data__": {"id_": "ca84bb2e-210f-4b7d-8fec-ecfbce3ba505", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3573", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "b2cc124067f1f1e0bbd6a44905f0e5a93bbc98e33dfb7bd236d1d3bd16e307cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4b89a7ea-01d0-48e6-ba1f-d3a257ba0fcc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "1c5bcf6cbd156eb6004c7e68ab49938fadc8f8fe76c7d7433258cdcc0b46fdba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0a055e7f-09a3-42a7-8efe-c91d38c99765", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "978051cb617d52fae09084d447cafd0406a1e8c18bb34ee569d2adf89b67056f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\ntransmitted from one generation to \n\nanother generation through the process of \n\ninternaliza tion, socialization, and \n\nencultura tion.  \n\nGlobalization in agricultural \n\ntechnology in the irrigated rice fields at \n\nSangkaragung has led to the decrease in \n\nthe women\u2019s job opportunities in \n\nagriculture. This has caused them to \n\nweave. The enthusiasm of the society in \n\nwea ving industry is interesting to be \n\ninvestigated. This study focuses on the \n\nweaving enculturation and tries to relate it \n\nto gender at  Sangkaragung, and was  \n\nconducted using the analysis of the \n\nperspective of cultural studies.   \n\nThe result shows that the factors \n\ncausing the women to weave were myths \n\non the women them selves and the \n\nweaving activity, globalization and \n\nsocio-cultural changes, and weaving in \n\norder to fulfill their daily needs. The \n\nprocess of weaving enculturation done \n\nthrough transmission and sociali zation \n\nof weaving culture has led to \n\nacculturation and inculturation which \n\nthen give a deeper under standing to the \n\nsociety of the pattern and system related \n\nto the weaving activity. Weaving encul \n\nturation also results in some forms of \n\nchanges at the society of  Sangkaragung, \n\nsuch as work  divi sion between the men \n\nand the women. The weaving \n\nenculturation and the development in  \n\ngender  has affected the ways in which \n\ndecisions are made in some aspects of \n\nlife such as in the context of traditional \n\nand religious rituals, the expenditures for \n\nprimary needs of their families, health \n\ncare and children\u2019s education.  \n\nOn the other side, the weaving \n\nenculturation is mean ingful to the \n\nsociety of  Sangka ragung, especially to \n\nthe women. Weaving is strategically \n\nmeaningful to create equality and equity. \n\nWeaving enculturation is also mea \n\nningful to the traditional patri archal \n\nvalues. The develop ment of the woven \n\nfabric industry has contri buted to the \n\nprosperity of the society at \n\nSangkaragung. Having the cultural \n\ncapital and social capital, the women can \n\nincrease their economic capital. The \n\nwomen\u2019s success in economically \n\ncontributing to their families has resulted \n\nin the appearance of the image of \n\nemancipation and the formation of the \n\nideology of gender at the society of \n\nSangkaragung. Although it has been \n\nacknowledged and appreciated that the", "start_char_idx": 4645, "end_char_idx": 7001, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0a055e7f-09a3-42a7-8efe-c91d38c99765": {"__data__": {"id_": "0a055e7f-09a3-42a7-8efe-c91d38c99765", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3573", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "b2cc124067f1f1e0bbd6a44905f0e5a93bbc98e33dfb7bd236d1d3bd16e307cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ca84bb2e-210f-4b7d-8fec-ecfbce3ba505", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "f7fdb42e27af69ed4009ed8fea5a1219687da861ff844e2f76ce15119833c61d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a27bc050-4cb6-41cd-8c6f-95a0a3791f56", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bd496065e79abd917c623fabfdb7de8f0a70df7c463d3a154dc42a28c4188c08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\nwomen have economically contributed to \n\ntheir families, such acknowled gement \n\nand appreciation have not been able to \n\ngive full emancipation to the women due \n\nto the patriarchal, social and cultural \n\nsystems which are still attached to the \n\nsociety of Sang karagung.  \n\nBy researching the process of \n\nenculturation and gender at the woven \n\nfabric industry at  Sangkaragung, several \n\nthings have been found: Firstly, weaving \n\nis a habit which is inherited through the \n\nprocess of reproduction, sociali zation \n\nand enculturation which can function as \n\nthe cultural capital which is managed \n\nwithin the domain of home industry. This \n\ngradually changes the women\u2019s behavior \n\nfrom being nature to being nurture. The \n\nwomen at  Sangkar agung have not only \n\nbeen domestic workers but have also \n\nbeen the productive ones. With their own \n\nincome, they have been able to change \n\ntheir way of thinking from thinking \n\ntraditionally into thinking modernly. \n\nSecondly, the change in the structure of \n\nproductive employment from agriculture \n\ninto woven fabric industry has led to a \n\nchange in the society life. The women do \n\nnot limit themselves to a small tradition \n\nbut have moved to a bigger tradition and \n\neven to a modern tradition. In the \n\nweaving field in particular, the \n\nintroduction of new technology related to \n\nthe ready made material (types, color and \n\nquality of thread) has changed the pattern \n\nof production to be more efficient and \n\neffective. Thirdly, by weaving the \n\nwomen at Sangkar agung are able to \n\nmove from the domestic space into the \n\npublic space. What they earn by weaving \n\nhas made the women able to play a role \n\nin increasing their families\u2019 economy so \n\nit can be stated that the men at \n\nSangkaragung have partners in \n\nsupporting their families. There has been \n\na consensus between the men and the \n\nwomen in increasing their families\u2019 \n\nwelfare. The work division in their \n\nfamilies which is based on the \n\nmechanism of solidarity has been the \n\nsolution to decreasing their work burden.  \n\nFourthly, their knowledge and skill in \n\nweaving (cultural capital)  has been the \n\nstrength (power/authority) which can \n\nchange the women\u2019s position in making \n\ndecisions in some aspects of life \n\n(education, productive employment, \n\nhealth, religious rituals). The cultural \n\ncapital they have gives them opportunity \n\nto be involved in planning, determining", "start_char_idx": 7006, "end_char_idx": 9426, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a27bc050-4cb6-41cd-8c6f-95a0a3791f56": {"__data__": {"id_": "a27bc050-4cb6-41cd-8c6f-95a0a3791f56", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3573", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "b2cc124067f1f1e0bbd6a44905f0e5a93bbc98e33dfb7bd236d1d3bd16e307cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0a055e7f-09a3-42a7-8efe-c91d38c99765", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "2f8e004cdb2f2e3f3eb7c619c1a002f9769e118b416f430a235846adb3f9a5d0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "85f6cc9f-bebd-4179-9fef-0e5af874fd5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b46661ea255ef79cbfa0eed0a367c27605effb93aea503df5f24c92ec49e6072", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\nand deciding what is chosen for their \n\nfamilies. Fifthly, although the women \n\nhave entered the public space, the \n\npatriarchal culture, tradition and religion \n\nhave made them return to the domestic \n\nspace, meaning that their existence in the \n\npublic space is temporary. The \n\npatriarchal system, tradition and religion \n\nare still the factors which avoid the \n\nwomen at Sangagung from getting \n\nexposed in the public space.   \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\n \n\nIt can be concluded that the \n\nwomen at Sangkaragung still undergo a \n\ncultural obstruction mak ing them not \n\nable to go out fully from the domestic \n\nspace. The economic contribution to their \n\nfamilies cannot free them from being \n\nsubordinate considering that the \n\npatriarchal system still binds them as the \n\nfamily members under the men\u2019s \n\nleadership. The discourse of the women\u2019s \n\nfreedom and emancipation to be \n\nproductively employed makes their \n\nburden heavier in their families.   \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\n \nAbdullah, Irwan. 1997. Sangkan Paran \n\nGender. Yogyakarta: Pustaka \nPelajar Offset \n\nArivia, Gadis. 2003. Filsafat \nBerperspektif Feminis. Jakarta: \nYayasan Jurnal Perempuan. \n\nBagus, I Gusti Ngurah. 1977. \n\u201dKebudayaan Bali\u201d dalam \nKoentjaraningrat (ed) Manusia \ndan Kebudayaan Indonesia. \nJakarta: Djambatan. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies \nTeori & Praktik. (terjemahan). \nYogyakarta: PT. Bentang \nPustaka. \n\nBhasin, Kamla. 1996. Menggugat \nPatriarki (terjemahan). \nYogyakarta: Yayasan Bentang \nBudaya. \n\nBourdieu, P. 1973. Cultural Reproduction \nand Sosial Reproduction, dalam \nR. Brown (ed), Knowledge, \nEducation and Sosial Change. \nLondon: Tavistock. \n\nBrooks, Ann. 1997. 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London: \nLawrence &Wishart.", "start_char_idx": 9431, "end_char_idx": 11550, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "85f6cc9f-bebd-4179-9fef-0e5af874fd5f": {"__data__": {"id_": "85f6cc9f-bebd-4179-9fef-0e5af874fd5f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3573", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "b2cc124067f1f1e0bbd6a44905f0e5a93bbc98e33dfb7bd236d1d3bd16e307cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a27bc050-4cb6-41cd-8c6f-95a0a3791f56", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "dbb971e5f524f28e5ffaa9a3fa1875065dc1b6f11dd13a7114adf82082994fab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "433ab6bc-0a25-4630-8073-6c3ba75ed3cc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "decebb3eda02a4857b7c148dd9daf306f661e4e5a3857d4bfced1ecf73a76c60", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\nHarker, Richard. 1990. (Habitus x Modal) \n+ Ranah = Praktik. Pengantar \nPaling Komprehensif kepada \nPemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nMegawangi, Ratna. 1999. Membiarkan \nberbeda? Sudut Pandang Baru \nTentang Relasi Gender. \nBandung: Mizan. \n\nMoose, J.C. 1996. Gender dan \nPembangunan. Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar Offset. \n\nShiva, V. 1990. Staying Alive: Women, \nEcology and Development. \nLondon: Zed Books. \n\n \n \n\nSukardja, Putu 1999. Pemberdayaan \nPerempuan dalam Industri \nKerajinan Kain Tenun. (studi \nKasus Tentang Dinamika Sosial \nBudaya dalam Hubungan Gender \ndi desa Sukarara, Kecamatan \nJonggat, Lombok Tengah). Tesis \nProgram Pascasarjana \nUniversitas Udayana, Denpasar. \n\nTejawati, Ni Luh Putu 2005. Perempuan \nPengusaha Tenun Ikat Dan \nImplikasikasinya Terhadap \nKesetaraan Gender: Studi Kasus \ndi Desa Sampalan Tengah Dan \nDesa Sulang, Klungkung \n(Thesis) Program Pascasarjana \nUniversitas Udayana, Denpasar.", "start_char_idx": 11558, "end_char_idx": 12503, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "433ab6bc-0a25-4630-8073-6c3ba75ed3cc": {"__data__": {"id_": "433ab6bc-0a25-4630-8073-6c3ba75ed3cc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3575", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "e295a516e4b370229e343a273189b80442234575a3e4f8da4f7ef18f172cbd4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "85f6cc9f-bebd-4179-9fef-0e5af874fd5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3573", "author": "Sukardja, Putu; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ENCULTURATION AND GENDER IN WOVEN FABRICT INDUSTRY AT SUBDISTRICT OF SANGKARAGUNG, DISTRICT OF NEGARA, JEMBRANA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3573.pdf"}, "hash": "f7a4049bdf2beff5ac2c286f4f47ef934270925339e26fce53e14a9696161dde", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dc30eebd-e7f2-4833-8cbd-194b64ccdbdd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fbc3564beaac6c5ec7ae885bd796ee2554964c7f4adc48b04634bffdc3eaffed", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Cok_Ace_ed_English_\n\n\n1 \n \n\nSPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE,  \nGIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION \n\nERA: A CULTURAL STUDY \n \n\nTjokorda Oka Artha Ardhana Sukawati1 , Sulistyawati2,  \nI Gde Parimartha3,  I Made Suastika3 \n\n \n\n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University \n\n3Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nE-mail:  acebali@royalpitamaha-bali.com \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n               In the era of globalization much spatial alteration has taken place at Ubud Traditional \nVillage, Gianyar Regency, Bali as the consequence of fast development of tourism. The aspects \nwhich have changed, as the result of the shift from agricultural culture to tourism culture since \n1970, include the spatial relationship between man and God (parhyangan), the spatial relationship \nbetween man and his environment (palemahan), and the spatial relationship between man and his \nfellow being or the three things which cause physical and spiritual prosperity among human beings.  \n               This research in cultural studies was conducted to reveal the spatial alteration which had \ntaken place at Ubud Traditional Market in the globalization era especially since 1970 as the \nconsequence of the fast development in tourism. The data were analyzed by applying qualitative \nanalysis technique, eclecticism of the theory of change, the theory of space, the theory of \nhegemony, and critical and practical theories. The research was conducted by employing qualitative \nmethod which features cultural studies.  \n               The results of the research show that the increase in population and in what is needed by \ntourism has led to the spatial alteration in parhyangan in the village and home levels. The spatial \nalteration in pawongan as a unity of membership (krama) does not take place and the spatial \nalternation in families does not either. This indicates that Ubud Traditional Village is getting more \ncomplex in facing modern and global condition with its commercial culture. Its tradition, \nagricultural culture and nature have contributed to the development of tourism. In regard to \npalemahan, catus patha has not been the only center of orientation any more. The settlement of the \npopulation has followed the development of tourist facilities. Tourism has also altered the land \nusefulness causing zero-settlement based on groups of banjar (neighborhood under a traditional \nvillage)  to be irrelevant. In regard to the patterns of space occupied by families, the walls built to \nseparate one family from another have been demolished; the buildings (bale) have been \nrehabilitated, teba (the unoccupied part of a compound where animals raised for sale are usually \nkept and rubbish are usually gathered) has been exploited. The change in people\u2019s behavior from \nbeing non commercial into commercial has blurred the layout and function of the buildings built in \nthe zones of madya (immediate level) and nista (lower level). \n \n \nKey word: spatial alteration, globalization, tourism, Tri Hita Karana, Ubud Traditional Village", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3154, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dc30eebd-e7f2-4833-8cbd-194b64ccdbdd": {"__data__": {"id_": "dc30eebd-e7f2-4833-8cbd-194b64ccdbdd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3575", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "e295a516e4b370229e343a273189b80442234575a3e4f8da4f7ef18f172cbd4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "433ab6bc-0a25-4630-8073-6c3ba75ed3cc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "6e082c886a92f23c7ce52b3db83e4ae65bca8dbc8d930fecd5ead7554b119d52", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e209ff3d-97d4-4e9b-9557-e57d06b9193c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0e8858cbf60f5a76a43551cd288cc3b8fb9941b85ed04cf805662b0b68bed265", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n \n\n              Physically and geographically, \n\nUbud Traditional Village is an agricul \n\ntural village with its agricultural culture, \n\nas the other villages in Bali in general.  \n\nThe rice fields on which the villagers\u2019 \n\nincome depends on are not fully flat, \n\nespecially those which are located along \n\nwhere the rivers bend. Such rice fields are \n\nclose to the river banks or the hilly areas, \n\nmaking the roads bend.  \n\n               The development of tourist \n\nindustry at Ubud Traditional Village \n\nespecially since 1970s has caused the \n\nspatial patterns to change significantly, \n\nadapting to what is needed by the \n\ndevelopment of tourism. The increase in \n\nthe number of tourists coming to Bali \n\nfrom year to year has led to the increase \n\nin the availability of tourist infrastruc ture \n\nand facilities which has needed more and \n\nmore space, and has caused newcomers to \n\ncome. The shift in function of the land \n\ncannot be avoided. In other words, the \n\ndevelopment of tourism has resulted in \n\nspatial alteration both in the village and \n\nresidence levels. Such spatial changes can \n\nbe noticed in the aspects of local genius \n\nTri Hata Karana.  Those aspects include \n\nspatial alteration in  parhyangan (the \n\nrelation ship between man and God), \n\npalemahan (the relationship between man \n\nand his nature), and pawongan (the \n\nrelationship between man and his fellow \n\nbeing).  \n\n               The problems in this study are \n\nformulated in the forms of questions \n\nabout how the spatial alteration has taken \n\nplace in regard to parhyangan, \n\npawongan, palemahan and its effect on \n\nUbud Traditional Village in the \n\nglobalization era. The data were analyzed \n\nusing qualitative analysis technique \n\nthrough eclecticism of the theory of \n\nchange, the theory of space, the theory of \n\nhegemony, and critical and practical \n\ntheories.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n               The spatial alteration at Ubud \n\nTraditional Village, Gianyar Regency in \n\nthe era of globalization of tourism which \n\nhas taken place so fast since 1970s can be \n\nviewed from the aspects of local genius \n\nTri Hita Karana. The changing aspects \n\ninclude spatial alteration in parhyangan \n\n(the relationship between man and God, \n\nspatial alteration in pawongan (the \n\nrelationship between man and his fellow \n\nbeing), and spatial alteration in", "start_char_idx": 3161, "end_char_idx": 5514, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e209ff3d-97d4-4e9b-9557-e57d06b9193c": {"__data__": {"id_": "e209ff3d-97d4-4e9b-9557-e57d06b9193c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3575", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "e295a516e4b370229e343a273189b80442234575a3e4f8da4f7ef18f172cbd4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dc30eebd-e7f2-4833-8cbd-194b64ccdbdd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "29c27cc4098db13e59c9ce80596550adbb60733f6371d65b8c450af02a36c846", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ff29f6c7-e8af-47aa-866a-3d6a0ad6f3c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "10e9e2472b6d4b01ec91114445770b151c9af9768413e5afcecd3a6253913117", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\npalemahan (the relationship between man \n\nand his nature). Such changes match the \n\ntheory of change, the theory of space, the \n\ntheory of hegemony, and critical and \n\npractical theories.  \n\n               The results of the research show \n\nthat the increase in the number of \n\npopulation and in what is needed by \n\ntourism has resulted in spatial changes in \n\nparhyangan in the levels of village and \n\nresidence. Mandala Pura Kahyangan \n\nTiga (mandala refers to a particular arena \n\nmade available at every temple in Bali; \n\nKahyangan Tiga means the main three \n\ntemples built at every traditional village \n\nin Bali) is widened but its original form is \n\nmaintained. Sanggah /pamerajan (family \n\ntemple), and palinggih (a kind of shrine) \n\nare renovated and altered with bigger \n\nones which are made of better materials \n\nwith better ornaments. The change in the \n\nform of palinggih does not much \n\ninfluence the space of sanggah \n\n/pamerajan but changes its spatial value.  \n\n               The spatial alteration in pawo \n\nngan indicates that tradition is main \n\ntained in the modernity of tourist industry \n\nundergone. The community life as a unity \n\nof membership (krama) does not change \n\nand the family life does not either. Such a \n\nspatial alteration means that Ubud \n\nTraditional Village is getting more \n\ncomplex in facing the global-modern \n\ncondition with its progress in commercial \n\nculture. The existing tradi tion, including \n\nthe agricultural culture, the natural capital \n\nand the arts, has greatly contributed to the \n\ndevelopment of tourism. A meaningful \n\n\u201cglobalize tion\u201d has taken place because \n\nthe local community has lived a global \n\nand local life. This has caused the \n\nvillagers to be \u201csubject and object of \n\ndevelopment\u201d making them prosperous.  \n\n                The spatial alteration in pale \n\nmahan, catus patha has not been the only \n\ncenter of orientation. Even the people\u2019s \n\nresidence has followed the development \n\nof tourist facilities. Tour ism has also \n\nchanged the usefulness of land making \n\nthe zone for residence based on the \n\ngroups of banjar (a neighborhood under a \n\ntraditional village) not dominant any \n\nmore. Related to the patterns of \n\ncompound, the walls surro unding the \n\ncompound have been demolished, the \n\nbales (buildings) have been rehabilitated, \n\nand the teba (unoccupied part of the \n\ncompound where animals kept for sale \n\nare usually kept and rubbish is usually \n\ngathered)  has been exploited. The change", "start_char_idx": 5519, "end_char_idx": 8003, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ff29f6c7-e8af-47aa-866a-3d6a0ad6f3c2": {"__data__": {"id_": "ff29f6c7-e8af-47aa-866a-3d6a0ad6f3c2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3575", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "e295a516e4b370229e343a273189b80442234575a3e4f8da4f7ef18f172cbd4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e209ff3d-97d4-4e9b-9557-e57d06b9193c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "d546e63b2ea9ba4d393dc48505f37dd0ad4ad4eb46e0d36145bc1d5efe372645", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1bdd1dda-4015-421a-aba2-3cc1f9a7b856", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "455feb987abcd7b324eb1d42e575e5d5437ed428bbe94c0e1798df075839e206", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\nin the banjar members\u2019 behavior from \n\nbeing non commercial into being \n\ncommercial has blurred the layout and \n\nfunction of the buildings in the zones of \n\nmadya (immediate level) and nista (the \n\nlower level).   The shift in building \n\npattern has resulted from the absence of \n\njempeng and jineng (buildings where rice \n\nis usually stored) in many houses. The \n\nnew buildings with their commercial \n\nfunctions have been oriented toward the \n\nmarket. And the buildings for rent are not \n\ngenerally oriented toward natah (the \n\nyard). \n\n               The consequence is that there \n\nhas been a harmonious synergy between \n\ntradition and modernity of global tourism \n\nwhich has resulted in prosperity for the \n\nlocal community. To the local \n\ncommunity, the changes mentioned above \n\nindicate that the village is getting more \n\ncomplex in facing the global modern \n\ncondition. Such a phenomenon has not \n\nonly affected the traditional community \n\nas a unity of the village membership \n\n(karma) but also the families and the \n\nindividuals within the families, although \n\nthe local tradition has not disappeared. \n\nThe community recognizes that the \n\nexisting tradition, the agricultural culture, \n\nthe natural capital and the arts have \n\ncontributed to the development of \n\ntourism. In other words, a meaningful \n\n\u201cglobalization\u201d has taken place as they \n\nhave lived a local and global life. This has \n\ncaused the local community to be the \n\n\u201csubject and object\u201d of development. As \n\nimplied and requested by Perda Bali No. \n\n3 (Local rules and regulations) \n\nconcerning tourism that there should be a \n\nharmony between the development of \n\ntourism on one hand and the culture and \n\ncommunity as the owner on the other. \n\nSuch a relationship should mutually \n\nsupport and benefit each other.   \n\n              The research findings concer \n\nning the spatial alteration at Ubud Tradi \n\ntional Village in the era of globalization \n\nof tourism are related to Tri Hita Karana, \n\nthat is, parhyangan, pawongan, and \n\npalemahan. The three findings are as \n\nfollows: the first one is related to \n\nparhyangan , that is, there has been a \n\nshift in appropriateness. the second one is \n\nrelated to pawongan, that is, there as been \n\na rise in social entity fanaticism. The third \n\none is related to palemahan, that is, there \n\nhas been a decrease in the belief in the \n\nreligious values of space.", "start_char_idx": 8008, "end_char_idx": 10400, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1bdd1dda-4015-421a-aba2-3cc1f9a7b856": {"__data__": {"id_": "1bdd1dda-4015-421a-aba2-3cc1f9a7b856", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3575", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "e295a516e4b370229e343a273189b80442234575a3e4f8da4f7ef18f172cbd4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ff29f6c7-e8af-47aa-866a-3d6a0ad6f3c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "e3bf5e838696da248271f81f7d2a87f48588f8dab9f4f187e99ca0cdd9f65dd3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dc11c4d3-58a2-449f-9400-1f5a46034d93", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "78bc3f4defd037a07722aa87e7de82f4bbeacdba10076703fdad002b530d5487", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\n \n\n               It can be concluded that the \n\nspatial changes in parhyangan, pawo \n\nngan, and palemahan have not changed \n\nthe essence of Ubud Traditional Village \n\nas an entity of traditional area with its \n\nagricultural culture, tradition, religion and \n\narts in spite of the develop ment of the \n\nmodernity of tourism in the era of \n\nglobalization. Moreover, the traditional \n\nand cultural capital can be converted into \n\nthe economic capital, that is, the tourist \n\ncapital for the local community.  \n\nTherefore, all the parties which \n\nare involved such as the government (the \n\npolitical aspect), entrepreneurs (the \n\neconomic aspect), and the community \n\n(the cultural aspect) should work together \n\nfor the development of Ubud Traditional \n\nVillage in accordance with what has been \n\nimplied by Tri Hita Karana. The first \n\nsuggestion is that the government should \n\nbe aware that the development of tourism \n\nought to be under control as what has \n\nbeen done so far so that there will be no \n\nchange in the identity of Ubud Traditional \n\nVillage as a unified system of \n\nparhyangan, pawo ngan, and palemahan. \n\nThe second sug gestion is that the \n\nentrepreneurs in tourism are obliged to \n\npreserve the local interests. This can be \n\ndone by giving wide opportunities to the \n\nlocal human resources to be the \n\nlandlords/landladies in their home land.  \n\nThe third suggestion is that the \n\ncommunity of Ubud Traditi onal Village \n\nis expected not to be easily made to \n\nchange the space of its village due to the \n\ntemptation of the tourist commercialism. \n\nIt should be strongly stressed that land \n\nand space belong to the Balinese culture. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n \n\nI wish to thank the Rector of \n\nUdayana University and the Director of \n\nPostgra duate Program Udayana \n\nUniversity for the facilities and \n\nopportunity provided to join the \n\nDoctorate Program at Udayana \n\nUniversity. I would also like to express \n\nmy appreciation to  Promotor: Prof. Dr. \n\nIr. Sulistyawati, M.S., Co-Promotor I: \n\nProf. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A., and \n\nCo-Promotor II: Prof. Dr. I Made \n\nSuastika, S.U. Their guidance and advice \n\nare greatly helpful in the process of \n\nwriting this dissertation. Finally, I am", "start_char_idx": 10409, "end_char_idx": 12640, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dc11c4d3-58a2-449f-9400-1f5a46034d93": {"__data__": {"id_": "dc11c4d3-58a2-449f-9400-1f5a46034d93", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3575", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "e295a516e4b370229e343a273189b80442234575a3e4f8da4f7ef18f172cbd4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1bdd1dda-4015-421a-aba2-3cc1f9a7b856", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "5388bef1ef801d9b192e4a9c00a1f6e2ba55009017be4b59c066eb971c3db1a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d180eb0f-417b-40b3-badd-88a66b843baa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e49d27c3c25f4c75b634142746fa70ce125cc1741337642907d4695951caa47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\ngreatly indebted to the other parties who \n\nhave assisted the process of the research.   \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \nAdi, Rasmen. 1992. \u201dRespon Masya rakat \n\nBali terhadap Pola Rumah \nTradisional Bali\u201d, penelitian.  \n\nAgger, Ben. 2003. Teori Sosial Kritis: Kritik, \nPenerapan, dan Implikasinya \n(Penerjemah Nur hadi). Yogyakarta: \nKreasi Wacana. \n\nAppadurai, Arjun. 1993. \u201cDisjuncture and \nDifference in the Global Culture \nEconomy\u201d dalam Mike Featherstone \n(Ed.) Global Culture, Nationalism, \nGlobaliza tion, and Modernity. \nLondon: SAGE Publications Ltd., \nhal. 295-310. \n\nBagus, I Gusti Ngurah. 1980.\u201cKebudayaan \nBali dalam Manusia dan Kebudayaan \ndi Indonesia\u201d dalam Koentjaraning \nrat (Ed.) Manusia dan Kebuda yaan \ndi Indonesia (Cetakan V). Jakarta: \nDjambatan. \n\nBagus, I Gusti Ngurah. 1980. \u201cMasalah \nTanah dalam Perubahan Sosial\u201d, \nmakalah Seminar Fenomena \nPermasalahan Tanah Adat dan \nBudaya (Bali), Diselenggarakan oleh \nYLBHI-BLH, Bali di Denpasar, 27 \nJanuari 1996. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2000. Cultural Studies: Theory \nand Practice. California: SAGE \nPublications, Ltd. \n\nGelebet, Nyoman. 1986. Pengertian \nArsitektur Tradisional Bali. \nDenpasar: Fakultas Teknik Unud \nBali. \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 1968. Prison Notebooks. \nLondon: Lawerence & Wishart.  \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from \nPrison Notebooks. New York: \nInternational Publisher. \n\nHarker, Richard, Cheelen Mahar, dan Chris \nWilkes (Eds.). 2005. (Habitus X \nModal) + Ranah = Praktik, \nPengantar Paling Komprehensif \nkepada Pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu \n(terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1971. An Outline of a \nTheory of Practice. Cambridge: \nPolity. \n\nKaler, I Gusti Ketut. 1974. Panglemo Kosala \nSabha. Denpasar: Dit Jen Cipta \nKarya Dept. PUTL Bali. \n\nMacRae, Graeme S. 1999. Acting Global, \nThinking Local. University of \nAuckland. \n\nMantra, IB. 1993. Bali Masalah Sosial \nBudaya dan Modernisasi. Denpasar: \nUpada Sastra. \n\nMcKean, Phillip Frick. 1973. \u201cCultural \nInvolution: Tourist, Balinese, and the \nProcess of Modernization in an \nAnthropological Perspec tives\u201d, \ndisertation, Department of \nAnthropology, Brown Univer sity, \nUSA.  \n\nPerlas, Nicanor. 2000. Shapping \nGlobalization Civil Society, Cultural \nPower and Threefol ding. New York: \nCADI and Global Network for Social \nThreefolding. \n\nPicard, Michael. 1996. Cultural Tourism and \nTouristic Culture. Singapore: \nArchipelago Press. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004. Dunia yang \nDilipat, Tamasya melampaui Batas-\nbatas Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: \nJalasutra.", "start_char_idx": 12645, "end_char_idx": 15153, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d180eb0f-417b-40b3-badd-88a66b843baa": {"__data__": {"id_": "d180eb0f-417b-40b3-badd-88a66b843baa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3577", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "82d0750ead6f5ecc0f6af1fd06256b9e948dceb55e69f826117a516389a135ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dc11c4d3-58a2-449f-9400-1f5a46034d93", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3575", "author": "Artha Ardhana Sukawati, Tjokorda Oka; -, Sulistyawati; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " SPATIAL ALTERATION AT UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3575.pdf"}, "hash": "89a1c3b8fa9196f1767b6719e0e2ad25cf1544ceb858a95148792475195e866d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "43dafba2-7f99-424b-aacf-e5d959460132", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "40cf503f508dd36245ace37ccdba0eb0a219573e43769e4b5087d12c1bcc98d4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Gusti Ngurah Sudiana\n\n\n \n\n1 \n \n\nEXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES \nAT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES \n\nSOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES \n \n \n \n\nI Gusti Ngurah Sudiana1 , I Wayan Ardika2, \n I Gde Parimartha2, I Made Titib3 \n\n \n\n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\n3Hindu University of Indonesia \nE-mail:  Sudiana.ngurah@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\n               The people at Serangan and Tanjung Benoa Villages have a habit to kill turtles for sale, \nconsumption, custom and religion. They were all restless when their habit was hegomonized by \nthe government by applying the Act concerning scarce animal conservation. The people urged \nthat they be provided with freedom in killing turtles, but the government still intends to stop \nkilling turtles at the two villages. The two different interests have resulted in a controversy over \nthe exploitation of turtles making the Bali community as a whole called the killers of turtles. \n                The title of this study is the Exploitation and Protection of Turtles at Serangan and \nTanjung Benoa Villages, South Bali: in the Perspective of Cultural Studies. The subjects \ndiscussed are how the exploitation and protection of turtles implemented, what factors \nmotivating their exploitation and protection, what meaningfulness is made to appear by their \nexploitation and protection.  \n                Qualitative method was used. The data needed were collected by interview, \nobservation, documentation of the secondary data. The data were descriptively and qualitatively \nanalyzed using the theory of discourse, the theory of deconstruction, the theory of hegemony and \nthe perspective of cultural studies.  \n               The research findings show that before the Acts Number 7 and 8 of 1999 concerning \nconservation of scarce animals, exploitation of turtles was part of the people\u2019s life in South Bali. \nHowever, after 2005, such constitution has changed from being done in an extractive way to \nbeing done in a non-extractive way. Meaningfulness to turtles has also changed, from being \nexploited to being conserved. Such a conservation has been done by releasing tukiks ( turtles\u2019 \nbabies) to the sea. Since 2005, a change has also taken place with regard to the turtles killed for \nreligious and traditional ceremonies. Formerly, many big turtles were used for religious and \ntraditional ceremonies, but now only a few and small ones are used. If none is found, ducks are \nused to replace the turtles. \n \nKey word: Exploitation, protection of turtles, meaningfulness, hegemony, and socio cultural \n\ntransformation.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2726, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "43dafba2-7f99-424b-aacf-e5d959460132": {"__data__": {"id_": "43dafba2-7f99-424b-aacf-e5d959460132", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3577", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "82d0750ead6f5ecc0f6af1fd06256b9e948dceb55e69f826117a516389a135ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d180eb0f-417b-40b3-badd-88a66b843baa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "ad6b42c33200ffcaea7a51a2ea0d75f9798bb3de36c41345af88feb65f26440f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2005e394-f14f-42b0-b1e1-f0bf175d4e2f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dcbc692253e6fb5c04067d15dc9b783b29b32e13287baa706674225fcee8d6e8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nDISCUSSION \n \n\n              The people at Serangan and \nTanjung Benoa Villages have a habit to kill \nturtles for traditional and religious \nceremonies, consumption, sales, and for \nhandicraft. Before 2000, Serangan and \nTanjung Benoa villages were used as the \nplaces where boats carrying turtles transited, \nand buying and selling turtles took pace. \nBusiness in turtles was a promising one for \nthe local people, because of such a business \nthey could meet their needs. The highest \ntook place in 1987, when Bali exported the \nmost handicrafts made up of turtles. Such an \nincrease in export and trade of turtles could \nnot be separated from \u201cthe market \nideology\u201d, as global capitalism system \nintegrated in globalization\u201d (Piliang, 1998: \n23). The market influence made turtles \ncommercial commodities, which could be \nprocessed into various types of products \nleading to hyper- consumption. \n               Then the exploitation of turtles was \nreported in the meeting conducted by Union \nConservation of Nature (IUCN) in 1987 in \nOttawa Canada. It was suspected that every \nyear 30,000 turtles were caught and killed \nfrom all the coastal areas of Indonesia where \nturtles lay eggs. Such a report made animal \nloving organizations criticized Indonesia \n(Bali) as the country, which killed a very \ngreat number of turtles. In 1990 the world \nsent its statement to the Governor of Bali \nthrough a letter entitled Slaughter in \nParadise . The letter contained a threatening \nthat tourism in Bali would be boycotted if \nthe exploitation of turtles were not stopped.  \n               The world\u2019s criticism has caused \nthe Indonesian government to apply the Act \nNumber 5 of 1990, the Rules and \nRegulations Number 7 and 8 of 1999 and the \nBali Governor\u2019s Letter of Decision Number \n240 concerning scarce animals including \n\nturtles. The pressure and resolute step taken \nby the government has caused the people at \nSerangan and Tanjung Benoa Villages to \nfeel hegemonized in exploiting turtles, \nbecause turtles have been part of their \nlifestyle. The controversy whether to exploit \nor to protect turtles has resulted in effects on \nand meaningfulness to their exploitation and \nprotection. This phenomenon deserves being \ninvestigated from the perspective of cultural \nstudies. Therefore, the title of this \ndissertation is \u201cExploitation and Protection \nand Turtles at Serangan and Tanjung Benoa \nVillages, South Bali: in the Perspective of \nCultural Studies\u201d. \n \n1. Exploitation and Protection of \n\nTurtles \n               Before 2000, turtles were exploited \nfor trade, traditional activities, religious \nceremonies and tourism at Serangan and \nTanjung Benoa Villages. The food products \nthat were traded were lawar, sate, komboh, \nsrapah and kwah ares (Balinese food \nproducts made from turtle\u2019s meat). Such \nfoods were sold in such a great quantity at \nrestaurants and traditional stalls that hyper-\nconsumption took place. In addition to \nselling food products, the people also sold \nhandicrafts made of turtle\u2019s eggshell. Such \nhandicrafts were shown at small shops as \nsouvenirs for the tourists. In 1978, Bali \nserved as one of the centers where products \nmade of turtles from Indonesia were \nexported. The people exported handicrafts \nmade of turtles to Japan, Singapore, Hong \nKong, and the United States of America and \nsometimes to Belgium (Polunin and Nuitja, \n1981: Suweto et al, 1991). \n               Turtles have been killed for Hindu-\nrelated religious ceremonies called Panca \nYadnya. At the upper level ceremonies, a \nturtle\u2019s head is put at Sanggar Tawang as \nthe puer, while its meat is processed to make", "start_char_idx": 2734, "end_char_idx": 6370, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2005e394-f14f-42b0-b1e1-f0bf175d4e2f": {"__data__": {"id_": "2005e394-f14f-42b0-b1e1-f0bf175d4e2f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3577", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "82d0750ead6f5ecc0f6af1fd06256b9e948dceb55e69f826117a516389a135ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "43dafba2-7f99-424b-aacf-e5d959460132", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "7c9089a0286c26264822009f3a2f5a3921f4f74a9b046c5e505485a81e39460b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "677d509a-d39b-49f5-8cf9-5a87f8dab31d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ff7e0777a3de8e3a5684ff056811be3859dc889034415675282cebd30fbaf488", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\nlawar to be put on Banten Suci (holy \nofferings). As a tourist attraction, the turtles\u2019 \nbabies are released to the sea. The babies are \ntaken from the pools where turtles are \nlooked after and their eggs are hatched. For \ntraditional activities, turtles are generally \nkilled for consumption for those who are \ninvolved in them. In addition, turtles killed \nfor traditional activities are related to \nsomeone\u2019s social status in the society. The \nmore turtles are killed for traditional and \nreligious ceremonies, the higher  \nsomeone\u2019s social status is. The more sate \nmade from turtle\u2019s meat can be provided \n(bayuh roras) when religious and traditional \nactivities are performed at Serangan and \nTanjung Benoa Villages the higher \nsomeone\u2019s social status is.    \n              The protection of turtles is done at \nthe pools particularly built for looking after \nturtles. At Serangan Village, there are two \nsuch pools. They are Taman Wisata Penyu \nand TCEC. At Tanjung Benoa Village there \nare Pudut Sari, Bulih Sari, Moncot Sari, \nDeluang Sari, and Lecha Ceria. In this way, \nthe people can conserve turtles by releasing \ntheir tukiks, which are hatched in the pools \nwhere their mothers are looked after, to the \nsea. Such a protection is termed as non-\nextractive, meaning that the people \nindirectly conserve mature turtles living in \nthe sea, because the turtles needed for \nceremonies are taken from the pools where \nthey are looked after.  \n \n2 Factors Causing Exploitation and \nProtection of Turtles \n          The factors causing the people to kill \nturtles are tradition, religious ceremonies \nand their commercial values. Before 2000, at \nSerangan and Tanjung Benoa Villages \nturtles were killed for consumption when \nthey mutually helped each other and for \nreligious ceremonies (Panca Yadnya). The \n\nfood products made from turtle\u2019s meat was \nnot only for consumption for the people who \nwere involved in the traditional activities, \nbut also for jotan and bayuh . Jotan is \nprovided to the guests and relatives, while \nbayuh is provided to those who are \nrespected depending on their social status at \nthe villages.  \n               The turtles killed for Hindu-related \nceremonies in Bali is caused by the \nmythology that Awatar Wisnu comes down \nto the earth in the form of \nBadawangnala/turtle serving as the \nfoundation of Mount Giri Mandara so that \nthe earth will not get sunk. Such a belief has \nmade a turtle\u2019s head used as medium of \nceremonies.  \n               The factor that is most responsible \nfor the exploitation of turtles is their \ncommercial value. Such a value has led to \nthe fact that the number of turtles killed has \nexceeded the capacity permitted. It is this \nthat has threatened the conservation of \nturtles.  \n              In addition to the factors causing \nturtles to be exploited, there are also some \nfactors causing turtles to be protected at \nSerangan and Tanjung Benoa Villages. Such \nfactors are there has been hegemony from \nthe government through the Act Number 5 \nof 1990, the rules and regulations number 7 \nand 8 of 1999, the Bali Governor\u2019s Letter of \nDecision Number 240 of 2000, the legal \naction taken by the government, the \ninternational pressure, and animal loving \nNon Government Organizations. They have \nall urged that turtles cannot be killed any \nmore. The socialization of what has been \ninstructed by PHDI concerning scarce \nanimals cannot be neglected. Due to the \nhegemony, the people have been made to be \naware that they should conserve turtles by \nlooking after them in the pools particularly \ndesigned for this purpose. In conserving", "start_char_idx": 6378, "end_char_idx": 9998, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "677d509a-d39b-49f5-8cf9-5a87f8dab31d": {"__data__": {"id_": "677d509a-d39b-49f5-8cf9-5a87f8dab31d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3577", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "82d0750ead6f5ecc0f6af1fd06256b9e948dceb55e69f826117a516389a135ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2005e394-f14f-42b0-b1e1-f0bf175d4e2f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "8729c789bda2ed12b1d3e5c1d9616bda1a74061130f19e5d2288a6aea4a080de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3f024bfb-6007-41c0-a3a4-40b78ab94a54", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6628e4ceb4a73ac92e396d1b87be45157a3a5afa1b4ceb4a05c1fc83a4a6c925", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\nturtles, the people work together with the \ngovernment and animal-loving non-\ngovernment organiza tions, religious  leaders \nand the leaders of the villages. Moreover, \nthe protection of turtles is included in the \nTraditional Rules and Regulations of \nSerangan Traditional Village, reading \nPawos 30 \u201cPenyu lan binatang laut liyanan \ntur seluiring paksi. Turtle conservation, \nwhich is realized by building pools where \nturtles are kept, has made the International \nCommunity not consider Serangan and \nTanjung Benoa Villages as the ones where \nturtles are killed any more. They have been \nconsidered places where turtles are \nconserved. \n \n2. Effects of Exploitation and Protection \n\nof Turtles \n3.1. Effects of Exploitation of Turtles \n               Economically, exploitation of \nturtles before 2000 benefited the people at \nthe two villages. By exploiting turtles, they \ncould fulfill their needs. However, the \nexploitation of turtles exceeding the needs \nmade the government prohibit the trade of \nturtles, which, in turn, made the people \nunsatisfied. The reason is that the people \nwere frightened to lose their jobs. Such a \nfear has been overcome by WWF by \napproaching the people and giving training \ncourses in economics to those whose \nprofession was trading turtles. Working \ncapital was also provided and cooperation \nwas made with them. Such cooperation was \ncontinued by building TCEC on March 16, \n2003 at Serangan Village. In addition, WWF \nalso approached the people holistically. The \napproach was not only limited to those who \nhad the authority to reinforce rules and \nregulations, but also involved the people to \nmake them aware of conservation. The \nattempts mentioned above resulted in a \nchange that the food products that used to be \n\nmade from turtle\u2019s meat have now been \nmade from other materials. Baudrillard \n(2004) calls such a change comodification, \nthat is, a basic change from the status of \ncommodity into a complex relation between \neconomy, language and ideology of the \ncommunity. \n               The effects of turtles on religious \nactivities are that after 2000 the people have \nfound it difficult to find turtles for \nceremonies. Therefore, the government has \nrecommended turtles be used for religious \nceremonies. However, such a \nrecommendation has resulted in negative \neffects that turtles have been smuggled \nwithout being observed by the parties that \nhave the authority for that. The positive \neffects have been that turtles are still used \nfor ceremonies. Since 2005, turtles have \nbeen used for the upper level ceremonies. \nThe turtles used have not been necessarily \nthe big ones, have only been used as jatu \n(sarana = medium), and have not been \nnecessarily many. Foucault (2002: 9) call \nthese effects discourse, that is, the \nappearance of religious awareness resulting \nfrom the enriched knowledge and  social \npractices in the form of social awareness  of \nusing turtles for religious ceremonies. These \neffects have contributed to the establishment \nof the centers where turtles are looked after \nat Serangan and Tanjung Benoa Villages, \nwhich, at the same time, have supplied the \nturtles for Hindu-related ceremonies.  \n               In tourism, the effects are that at \nSerangan and Tanjung Benoa Villages the \nturtles looked after in the man-made pools \nare also for tourists. Such a protection is \npackaged in such a way that many stalls and \nrestaurants have been built in those areas. \nTourists are interested in this tourist \nattraction, making the world\u2019s view positive.", "start_char_idx": 10006, "end_char_idx": 13559, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3f024bfb-6007-41c0-a3a4-40b78ab94a54": {"__data__": {"id_": "3f024bfb-6007-41c0-a3a4-40b78ab94a54", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3577", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "82d0750ead6f5ecc0f6af1fd06256b9e948dceb55e69f826117a516389a135ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "677d509a-d39b-49f5-8cf9-5a87f8dab31d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "113314d33055b87f683f35b74e4ef2eb4426d7105ebae7fb108f62d7cad16367", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a366988f-a34c-46d0-9d32-4bb2f3e4d623", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "74b2e39e0af3c175864e6668b730427150919236dcca43cc834d9960b7cba86f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\n3.2. Effects of Protection of Turtles \n               The protection of turtles at \nSerangan and Tanjung Benoa Villages has \nbeen able to raise the people\u2019s awareness of \nprotecting turtles. Before 2000, the people \nexploited turtles in an extractive way \n(directly taking from the nature), but after \n2000, the turtles needed for religious \nceremonies have been taken from the pools \nwhere they are looked after. The tukiks \nreleased to the sea have also been taken \nfrom the pools. Wallace (1961) call it \nPartial equevalance structure, the \ninteraction between those looking after \nturtles in the pools and turtles conserving \ngroups with the Balinese community is \nmutual complementary in nature in treating \nenvironment. Then another alternative \ntourist attraction appears which generates \nincome, makes job opportunities available, \nregains the local people\u2019s reputation, and \nwidens the people\u2019s formal and informal \ncooperative network.  \n               The other effect is related to the \nenvironmental rescuing. Many parties have \ndone their best to protect turtles, but the \nresults achieved have not been maximal. \nThe traditional community has applied the \ntraditional law that turtles should be \nprotected.  Such a protection is included in \nthe awig-awig (traditional law) that \ntraditional institutions should protect turtles. \nIt reads Palet 5, Indik Druwen Desa, Pawos \n29 and 30. The effect of turtle protection is \nrelated to environment, that is, Serangan \nVillage is recalled the island of turtles. The \nturtles multiplying there are saved. To save \nsuch animals is the collective local people\u2019s \nresponsibility. The people have \nimplemented what is instructed by the law \nconcerning protection of wild animals. \n \n \n \n\n4. Significance of Exploitation and \nProtection of Turtles \n\n Significance of Exploitation of Turtles \n               The exploitation of turtles means \nwelfare, physical and spiritual balance, \necotourism and environmental conservation. \n               Welfare has something to do with \nwhether what is economically needed by the \ncommunity is fulfilled or not fulfilled.  The \nsignificance, in this case, can be denotative \nand connotative. Denotative significance \nrefers to the community\u2019s welfare \ncontributed by the trade of turtles involving \nfishermen, distributors, boats carrying \nturtles, traders, agents, and consumers with \nmoney as the final objective. Connotative \nsignificance refers to the people\u2019s habit in \nmanaging the natural potentials for their \nwelfare. However, such a significance also \ndamages environment resulting from hyper-\ncommodity, meaning that for welfare the \nnumber of turtles killed exceeds the capacity \npermitted. \n               Meaningfulness of turtles as the \nsymbol symbolizing the macrocosmos and \nmicrocosmos balance can be seen from the \npuer put on sanggar tawang symbolizing the \nearth\u2019s foundation. The earth\u2019s balance is \nidentical with the man\u2019s physical and \nspiritual balance (microcosmos). That is \nwhy turtles are used in Hindu-related \nreligious ceremonies. This means that  the \nturtles killed for religious ceremonies  \nmeans something or represents something \nwhich is immaterial, abstract, idea, quality, \nsigns of  process of an object, and so forth \n(Coulson: 1978. Vol. II. 1696). In this case, \nturtles killed for religious ceremonies \nrepresent something abstract about physical \nand spiritual balance in Hinduism.  \n               The physical and spiritual balance \nsymbolized by the turtles killed in religious \nceremonies is also described in Siwa \nSamhita. It is described that a turtle is", "start_char_idx": 13571, "end_char_idx": 17181, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a366988f-a34c-46d0-9d32-4bb2f3e4d623": {"__data__": {"id_": "a366988f-a34c-46d0-9d32-4bb2f3e4d623", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3577", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "82d0750ead6f5ecc0f6af1fd06256b9e948dceb55e69f826117a516389a135ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3f024bfb-6007-41c0-a3a4-40b78ab94a54", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "f03194e68f53b63d2f54cf618e41c7d3492dcc36da2925ba0d75f75515b65a07", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c53d345f-18e1-4508-ac35-cfe3914a3490", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a21affabceb7083a701dba1eace59e0c2e477acb993c4a44c6c0351101f75d60", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\nidentical with kurma. Kurma refers to a \npoison container swallowed by Siwa when \nrotating Mount Mandara Giri. If related to \nBalinese spirituality/kedyatmikan, there is a \nterm cedoking gulu. In Lontar Dadig \nKarana, it is called murda jangkep, \nNgamurtiang Lingga. In Arga Patra, it is \ncalled ngarmutiang Agni Surya. In nasarin \nswamba of Weda Parikrama, it symbolizes \nOmkara. In Panca Sarawati, when ngenteg \nlinggih ceremony is conducted, turtle\u2019s \npuwer symbolizes agni (fire). In Siwa Linga \n, a turtle is identical with agni (fire), the \npriest of the Gods of Reg Weda Mandala I. \nMantra I reads Agnim ile purohitam, \nyajnasya deva rivjyam, hotaram ratna \ndhatamam, meaning that we worship God as \nthe universe\u2019s priest, who activates through \neternal law, who looks after and sustains \nevery godly and bright  characteristic \n(Maswinara, 1999: 1). \n               According to Foucault (1926-\n1984), the discourse of the exploitation of \nturtles refers to the relationship between \npower and knowledge. The higher the \npeople\u2019s knowledge about turtles (as the \nanimals that should be protected), the more \naware they will be that such animals should \nbe conserved. \n               The people\u2019s awareness at \nSerangan and Tanjung Benoa Villages of \nconserving turtles has made ecotourism \ndevelop. Such awareness is included in the \nAwig-Awig (traditional law) of Serangan \nTraditional Village. It is included in Article \n30, which reads that turtles belong to the \ntraditional village, and that they should be \nprotected by the Traditional Village itself. \n             The protection of turtles for \necotourism serves as the response to the \nworld\u2019s criticism that turtles are killed at \nSerangan and Tanjung Benoa Traditional \nVillages. As tourist attraction, the protection \nof turtles has made the people\u2019s way of \n\nthinking and profession change. \nConnotatively, ecotourism refers to the \nattempts made by the people at Serangan \nand Tanjung Benoa Villages to change their \npredicate from being called killers of turtles \nto being conservers of turtles (palemahan) \nunder the custom\u2019s structure inspired by \nHinduism.  \n \n Meaningfulness of Protection of \nTurtles \n               The protection of turtles constitutes \nthe application of the great values of \nBalinese culture, especially the concept of \nTri Hita Karana in the subculture of \npalemahan, that is, the balance between man \nand his environment. The concept of Bhuta \nhita, ayua tan masih ring sarwa prani is \nalways given the priority to keep balance. \nTherefore, the people have killed turtles for \nofferings to God (luwur/hulu) instead of for \nconsumption and trade (teben).  \n               Turtles in Balinese community are \nstill believed as the symbol of sacred \nanimals functioning as the earth\u2019s \nfoundation. Therefore, how they are used is \narranged through the process of utpati, Stiti, \nand praline. Utpati means eggs are hatched, \nstiti means turtles are looked after and \nreleased to the sea, and praline means using \nthem for ceremonies as the symbol of \nbalance.   The new awareness means that \nenvironment should also be well looked \nafter if man, in his life, wants balance, \nincluding protecting turtles at Serangan and \nTanjung Benoa Villages.  \n \n\nCONCLUSION \n \n\n               The turtles at Serangan and \nTanjung Benoa Villages are used for trade, \ntourism, traditional needs, and Hindu-related \nceremonies. The exploitation of turtles \nbefore 1999 was influenced by libido", "start_char_idx": 17189, "end_char_idx": 20668, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c53d345f-18e1-4508-ac35-cfe3914a3490": {"__data__": {"id_": "c53d345f-18e1-4508-ac35-cfe3914a3490", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3577", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "82d0750ead6f5ecc0f6af1fd06256b9e948dceb55e69f826117a516389a135ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a366988f-a34c-46d0-9d32-4bb2f3e4d623", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "d61ecc0dd01006b34527d26acc1e800f32c8d94159add518ab04a1d656f1d78f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fd79dcf4-5aa4-4bfb-a3ba-289f0b81855c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "322e4100691160f3c996aa1a313e4bace5735eac984998321f72287bdea8c0a0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7 \n \n\neconomy (libidinal economy). After 2000, \nthe exploitation of turtles has been \ninfluenced by the hegemony imposed by the \ngovernment through legal action. As a \nresult, the people have gradually ceased \nbuying and selling turtles. Next, the \ncommunity  has built pools where turtles are \nlooked after accompanied by the activities of \nreleasing tukiks to the sea with the tourists \nvisiting there as the form of ecotourism. In \nHindu-related ceremonies, the turtles\u2019 heads \n(puers) and the lawar made from the turtle\u2019s \nmeat are used for supplementing the holy \nofferings (banten suci), especially when the \nupper level ceremonies are performed. The \npeople have also been used to using the \nturtle\u2019s meat for the custom\u2019s needs, that is, \nfor consumption for the guests attending the \nceremonies and for jotan given to the \nrelatives and the villages\u2019 leaders. After \n2000, the people\u2019s habit in exploiting turtles \nhas changed, that is, by collaborating with \nthe government and non-government \norganizations, they have started protecting \nturtles. \n               The exploitation of turtles at \nSerangan and Tanjung Benoa Villages have \nbeen motivated by various factors such as  \nthe habit of consuming turtle\u2019s meat, the \nturtle\u2019s symbolic value, someone\u2019s social \nstatus, and the turtle\u2019s commercial value. \nThe economic effects of exploitation and \nprotection of turtles have been that, on one \nhand, the people have lost their profession \nby buying and selling turtles, but, on the \nother hand, they have been able to create job \nopportunities. The other effect has been that \nthe people have been able to keep the \nturtles\u2019 lives balanced through Tri Hita \nKarana.  \n               The economic significance of \nturtles to the people at Serangan and \nTanjung Benoa Villages has been that the \npeople have not only  considered turtles \n\ncommercial items, but they have considered \nthem the creatures which should be \nconserved. The people have also considered \nthe protection of turtles identical with \nkeeping the nature balanced. In other words, \nman is obliged to sacrifice (beryadnya) for \nthe continuity of the existence of other \ncreatures (including turtles). The change in \ngiving meaningfulness to turtles cannot be \nseparated from the cultural attitude of being \nembarrassed (lek/malu) and maintaining \nself-esteem (jengah). The people have \nconsidered the exploitation and protection of \nturtles the symbol of balance/sarwa \nbhutahita, that is, turtles are not denotative \nin nature but connotative in nature (as the \nsymbol symbolizing awatar Wisnu who \nsaves the earth from being damaged); \ntherefore, turtles should be conserved to \nkeep the nature balanced.  \n \n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n \n\nI would like to thank the Recor of \nUdayana University and the Director of \nPostgraduate Program Udayana University \nfor the opportunity and facilities provided \nwhen persuing my study at the Postgraduate \nProgram Udayana University. My thanks \nalso go to Prof.Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., \nas the Promoter; Prof.Dr. I Gde Parimartha, \nM.A., as Co-Promoter I; Prof. Dr. I Made \nTitib, Ph.D., as  Co-Promoter II. Their \nguidance and advice have been very helpful \nin the process of completing this \ndissertation. Finally, I would also like to \nextend my thanks to the other parties who \nhave supported the process of this study.", "start_char_idx": 20676, "end_char_idx": 24017, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fd79dcf4-5aa4-4bfb-a3ba-289f0b81855c": {"__data__": {"id_": "fd79dcf4-5aa4-4bfb-a3ba-289f0b81855c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3577", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "82d0750ead6f5ecc0f6af1fd06256b9e948dceb55e69f826117a516389a135ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c53d345f-18e1-4508-ac35-cfe3914a3490", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "1d3bedf44bcdb09e2638aa92fcf8e92476cbcf15cace7a5a60bfe10fb26936ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f46d159c-517a-488f-ab31-b09766e6e24e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1afb83240010c0ef0964d0715536f45a3e1c91c4cba2c4b31610664a564a53ca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8 \n \n\nBILIOGRAPHY \n \n \nAdnyana, I.B. Windia, 2004. Turtle Trade \n\nIn Bali : A Retrospective, \nCurrent Situations and Future \nChallenges For Its Control. \nDenpasar : Udayana University, \nThe Fakulty Of Veterinary \nMedicine. \n\n_________2005. Kompilasi  perundang-\nUndangan mengenai \nPerlindungan Tumbuhan dan \nSatwa Liar, Yayasan wwf \nIndonesia. \n\n_________ 2005. Aturan Regional, \nNasional, local, yang Relevan \ndengan Pelestarian Penyu Laut, \nEmail Wadnyana @WWF.or.id: \nWadnyana1 @ yahoo.co.uk. \n\nAntariksa, 1999- 2003. Budaya Mater. \nKunci Cultural Studies Center. \n\nArdika, I Wayan, 2006. Membangun \nBudaya Rohani pada Suatu \nPeradaban, Makalah Sarasehan \nBidang Agama, Adat dan \nBudaya Tahun 2006, Ruang \nPadma, Bale Diklat Provinsi \nBali. \n\nAstra, Gde, Semadi, 2004. Revitalisasi  \nuntuk Memperkokoh Jatidiri \nBangsa di Era Global. Seminar \nInternasional, Seri Sastra, \nSosial, Budaya ke 15, \nDiesnatalis ke 42, Univ \nUdayana Denpasar. \n\nBungin,Burhan, 2003. Analisis Data \nPenelitian Kualitatif \nPemahaman Filosofis dan \nMetodologis Kearah \nPenguasaan Model Aplikasi, \nJakarta : PT Raja Grafindo \nPersada. \n\nBarker, Chris, 2000. Cultural Studies: \nTheory and Practice. London: \nSage Publications. \n\n_____________ 2004. Cultural Studies, \nTeori & Praktik (terjemahan). \nYogyakarta : Kreasi Wacana. \n\nFoucault, Michel, 1972. The Archaelogy \nof Knowledge & the Discourse \non Language (terjemahan \nL\u2019archeologie du Savoir). \nLondon : Tavistock Publications \nLimited. \n\nHall, Stuart. 1992. Cultural Studies and \nIts Theoretical Legacies dalam \nL. Grossberg, C. Nelson, and P. \nTreichler (Ed.) Cultural Studies. \nLondon and New York : \nRoutledge. \n\nKadjeng dkk.1994. Sarasamuscaya. \nJakarta : Hanuman Sakti  \n\nMariyah, Emiliana, 2004. Wacana Bagus \ndalam PIP Kebudayaan dan \nKajian Budaya (Rintisan \nPemikiran Posmodernisme yang \nIronis). Denpasar : Univ \nUdayana \n\nNgurah Bagus, I Gusti. 1991. Dari Objek \nke Subjek: Memanfaatkan \nPeluang Pariwisata sebagai \nIndustri Jasa dalam \nPembangunan, dalam Ilmu-ilmu \nHumaniora, Persembahan bagi \nProf. Dr. Siti Baroroh Baried \ndan Prof. Dr. Sulastin Sutrisno. \nYogyakarta: Fakultas Sastra \nUniversitas Gadjah Mada. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004 : Dunia yang \nDilipat : Tamasya Melampui \nBatas-Batas Kebudayaan. \nYogjakarta : Jalasutra.  \n\nPudja, Gde dan Tjok Sudharta.1975, \nManawadharmasatra. Surabaya \n: PT. Paramita.", "start_char_idx": 24038, "end_char_idx": 26400, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f46d159c-517a-488f-ab31-b09766e6e24e": {"__data__": {"id_": "f46d159c-517a-488f-ab31-b09766e6e24e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3577", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "82d0750ead6f5ecc0f6af1fd06256b9e948dceb55e69f826117a516389a135ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fd79dcf4-5aa4-4bfb-a3ba-289f0b81855c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "b19e26f9fc80721bcb9032d28711ac8ec2b19ba63f384225e17dfe6b0b680f2f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3ce946f5-6ca0-4235-9503-0b8447008d32", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dea5d654338b249250fccf5b278cacdb3191d221eab3d43ea6f109792d791256", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "9 \n \n\nRatna, I Nyoman. Kuta. 2004. Teori, \nMetode, dan Teknik Penelitian \nSastra, Yogjakarta : Pustaka \nPelajar. \n\nSanderson, Stephen K. 1995. \nMakrososiologi : Sebuah \nPendekatan terhadap Realitas \nSosial (edisi kedua, \nTerjemahan). Jakarta : PT Raja \nGrafindo Persada. \n\nSanjaya, Oka Gede. 2001. Wisnu Purana, \nSurabaya : PT. Paramita \n\nSudiana, I Gusti Ngurah, 1999 : \nDesakralisasi Tari Barong \nDalam Kehidupan Sosial \nBudaya Masyarakat Bali, Tesis, \nUniversitas Gajah Mada \nYogjakarta. \n\n________________, 2006. Menyayangi \nSatwa Langka, Denpasar, \nHarian Nusa Bali. \n\n________________,2006. Samhita \nBhisama Parisadha Hindu \nDharama Indonesia, Denpasar : \nPHDI Provinsi Bali. \n\nTitib, Made, 2003. Teologi dan Simbol-\nSimbol Dalam Agama Hindu, \nSurabaya : PT Paramita. \n\nWiana, Kt. 1992. Nitisastra. Jakarta : \nDirjen Bimas Hindu Bhuda. \n\nWindia, I Wayan P. 2006. Pengantar \nHukum Adat Bali. Denpasar : \nLembaga Dokumentasi dan \nPublikasi Fakultas Hukum \nUniversitas Udayana. \n\nWuisman, J.J.J.M. 1996. Penelitian Ilmu-\nilmu Sosial, Asas-asas (Volume \n1). Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit \nFakultas Ekonomi Universitas \nIndonesia. \n\n \nAlam, Bachtiar. 1998. Globalisasi dan \n\nPerubahan Budaya: Perspektif \nTeori Kebudayaan, Antropologi \nIndonesia, Majalah Antropologi \nSosial dan Budaya \nIndonesia/Indonesian Journal of \nSocial and Cultural \nAnthropology, Year XXI Nomor \n54. \n\nNgurah Bagus, I Gusti. 1992. \n\u201cPembangunan Bali \nBerwawasan Budaya\u201d, Majalah \nIlmiah Universitas Udayana, 1 \n(1), pp. 1-8.", "start_char_idx": 26408, "end_char_idx": 27904, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3ce946f5-6ca0-4235-9503-0b8447008d32": {"__data__": {"id_": "3ce946f5-6ca0-4235-9503-0b8447008d32", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3579", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "278b8b0f1afa9cdd37f80f2566a3f41b5d50318b21654b2ac91165a2281ae4fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f46d159c-517a-488f-ab31-b09766e6e24e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3577", "author": "Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Titib, I Made", "title": " EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF TURTLES AT SERANGAN AND TANJUNG BENOA VILLAGES SOUTH BALI IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3577.pdf"}, "hash": "56c8923e585d42a4257d393d8ffc65e2f5937c291ca9b60fcddc79ea83fb3006", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2f32484a-53b1-424c-a7e4-edd9dbfbb875", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f9871bf6c766448b559fc2c013b9fcdf289396a6e40abe709743eb434b9176fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Ketut Tanu\n\n\n1 \n \n\nIMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION \nAT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL \n\nIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES \n \n\nI Ketut Tanu 1 ,  I Made Suastika2,   \nI Gde Parimartha.2,  I Wayan Subagia \n\n \n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n               Religious education was firstly implemented based on the Act of Number 4 year \n1950, concerning education and teaching. In one of its articles, it is stated that Indonesia is a \nreligion-based country. The govern ment has the right and is obliged to arrange religious \neducation starting from Kindergarten to University and the time allocated for this is 2 (two) \nhours per week. However, an imbalance has occurred as far as Hindu Religion education is \nconcerned, that is, the students at particular educational institutions are not provided with \nHindu Religion education as intended by the Act.  \n               In Article 30 of the Act of Number 20 year 2003  concerning national education \nsystem, on the other hand, it is stated that:  any religious education can be carried out by the \ngovernment  and or a community\u2019s group belonging to a particular religion in accordance \nwith the applicable regulations. It is also stated that   religious education is functioned to \nprepare the students to be able to comprehend and apply their religious teaching values and or \nto be experts in religions.  In addition, it is also stated that religious education can be formally \nand informally conducted in the forms of diniyah, pesantren, pesraman, phabaja, smnera, \nand the like.  \n               How Hindu Religion educa tion is implemented at Elementary School Number 17 \nDauh Puri and Dwijendra Elementary School Depasar cannot be separated from the \ninfrastructure, facilities, curri culum and teachers available, and the government\u2019s policy. \nTherefore, this study is focused on 1) the existence of the components needed for \nimplementing Hindu Religion education, 2) the factors influencing the implementation of \nHindu religion education, and 3) the meaningfulness and attempts done to implement Hindu \nReligion education if related to the inventory of Balinese culture. \n               This study is conducted to explain, describe, criticize, and analyze the \nimplementation of Hindu Religion education at Elementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri and \nDwijendra Elementary School Denpasar. The benefit that is intended to be achieved in this \nstudy is to contribute to the inventory of Hinduism and to serve as something to be taken into \naccount when any decision related to Hindu Religion education is made. \n               Researches on Hinduism have been conducted by some researchers. However, only \na few have been carried out related to Hindu Religion education. Further matters related to \nHindu Religion education provided at elementary school need to be done. The concepts made \navailable in this study are very essential. The reason is that such concepts serve as the \nguidelines in this study. The concepts employed are those related to the implementation of \neducation, general education, Hindu Religion education, Elementary School, and cultural \nstudies. \n               The theories employed to answer the matters related to the implementation of Hindu \nReligion education at Elementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri and Dwijendra Elementary", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3451, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2f32484a-53b1-424c-a7e4-edd9dbfbb875": {"__data__": {"id_": "2f32484a-53b1-424c-a7e4-edd9dbfbb875", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3579", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "278b8b0f1afa9cdd37f80f2566a3f41b5d50318b21654b2ac91165a2281ae4fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3ce946f5-6ca0-4235-9503-0b8447008d32", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "0002487ebf31adeca1b3a5f3fa7c3c743729246349e1c0ed8d9e60f3569584b0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "701eaa01-4cf1-4c6f-9c56-c29dd48d8e21", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2925e6811582b62dd0ea12250605c4c3f76d45d68cff16357b221c013783bae7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nSchool Depasar are: 1) the Derida\u2019s theory of deconstruction, 2) Gramsci\u2019s theory of \nHegemony, and 3) Piaget\u2019s constructivistic theory. In addition, a research model is also \nemployed in this study. The reason is that it serves as the researcher\u2019s thinking flow in \ndescribing and reporting the research. \n                The methods employed in this study include the research planning, the research \nlocation, the  types and sources of data, the informant determination, the research \ninstruments, the data collecting technique, the data analysis, and how the results are \npresented. The purpose is to obtain objective data concerning the implementation of Hindu \nReligion education at elementary school. The objective research method is able to describe \ntotally and objectively how Hindu Religion education is implemented at Elementary School \nNumber 17 Dauh Puri and Dwijendara Elementary School Denpasar.  \n               The novelty in this study is that the learning infrastructure and facilities needed to \ncarry out Hindu Religion education both at Elementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri and \nDwijendra Elementary School Depasar have not been in accordance with the minimum \nstandard of service , that the curriculum has not been totally oriented towards the schools\u2019 \npotentials and students, that the teachers have not been innovated  in the learning process, and  \nthat the government\u2019s policy has not been made for multicultural education. In the process of \nlearning Hindu Religion, the schools have attempted to increase the quality of Hindu Religion \neducation, to develop school-based management, and to apply multidisciplinary approach.  \n \nKey word: Implementation of Hindu Religion Education. \n \n \n \n\n \nINTRODUCTION  \n\n \n               This study is concerned with \n\u201cThe Implementation of Hindu Religion \nEducation at Elementary School Viewed \nfrom the Perspective of Cultural Studies\u201d. \nTo make matters pertain to meaning, some \nsocial realities or problems occurring in \nthe implementation of Hindu Religion \neducation at elementary school are referred \nto. Empirically, however, the \nimplementation of Hindu Religion \neducation cannot be separated from the \ncomponents available in Hinduism \nlearning, the factors influencing the \nimplementation of Hindu Religion \neducation, the attempts developed and the \nmeaningfulness obtained in the \nimplementation of Hindu Religion \neducation.  \n               The implementation of Hindu \nReligion at Elementary School is more \ndominated by the government\u2019s \n\ncentralistic bureaucrat tic system. \nConsequently, the educational institutions \nand their supporting environment are less \nable to realize the schools\u2019 culture in \naccordance with the vision and mission of \nthe national education. The educational \nsystem, as a strong and prestigious social \ninstitution, is able to make all the citizens \nqualified and proactive in giving response \nto the changeable challenges of the era. \n              The imbalance occurring in the \nimplementation of education, including \nHindu Religion education at Elementary \nSchool, results from the dichotomy \nbetween religious education and other \ngeneral educations. This is caused by the \nfact that the government\u2019s policy in \nimplementing national education including \nHindu Religion education has employed 4 \n(four) strategies such as : 1) equality in \nobtaining education, 2) educational \nrelevance, 3) increase in the quality of", "start_char_idx": 3456, "end_char_idx": 6901, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "701eaa01-4cf1-4c6f-9c56-c29dd48d8e21": {"__data__": {"id_": "701eaa01-4cf1-4c6f-9c56-c29dd48d8e21", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3579", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "278b8b0f1afa9cdd37f80f2566a3f41b5d50318b21654b2ac91165a2281ae4fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2f32484a-53b1-424c-a7e4-edd9dbfbb875", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "c961ce4a13fd45f93213153f13ca8fe406ba52c73314fe4e059edc03d5bde7a3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f66a5b52-99d4-45a9-b9e6-2ab5a9b4accb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "59db75ec748756d0d02d61f286bba29b26d90da108b029e641804f9bc24da99d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\neducation, and 4) efficiency in education \n(Sanaky, 2003: 145). \n \n \n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n \n               The availability of the \ncomponents of the implementation of \nHindu Religion education at Elementary \nschool seems to  affect the learning \nprocess conducted by the teachers and the \nstudents greatly. The Act of Number 20 \nyear 2003, on the other hand, implies that \nthe learning infrastructure and facilities \nshould absolutely be met to make the \nlearning process carried out in accordance \nwith what is needed by the students. \n               In addition to the infrastructure \nand facilities, the availability of \ncurriculum plays an important role in \nimplementing Hindu Religion Education at \nelementary school. The standard of \ncurriculum of Hindu Religion education at \nElementary School determined by the \ngovernment can increase the quality of \nHindu Religion education for the students. \nWhat is intended is that the better quality \ncan increase the students\u2019 morality and \nfaith in accordance with what is intended \nby religions education. In relation to this, \nFuchan (2005:5) states that curriculum as a \nlearning means can give meaningfulness to \nthe educational process followed by the \nstudents.  \n              The availability of Hindu \nReligion teachers at Elementary School \nplays an important role in implementing \nHindu Religion education. In other words, \nif they are not available, then the learning \nprocess cannot be optimally carried out. \nThe Hindu Religion teachers\u2019 qualification \nis far from being adequate. Most of them \nare Diploma II and Diploma III graduates. \nThe Government\u2019s Regulations of Number \n19 year 2005 implies that the teachers \nshould be at least Diploma IV graduates or \nstrata one (S1) ones. \n\n              The government\u2019s policy greatly \ncontributes to the implementation of Hindu \nReligion education at Elementary School. \nThe implementation of Hindu Religion \neducation refers to: 1) the Central \nGovernment\u2019s policy, 2) the Provincial \nGovernment\u2019s policy, and 3) the \nRegencial/Town Government\u2019s policy.  \n               The matters that are covered in \nthis study are: 1) what components of \nHindu Religion education  are available at \nElemen tary School; 2) what factors \naffecting the implementation of Hindu \nReligion education at Elementary School; \n3) what attempts can be developed  and \nwhat meaningfulness can be obtained from \nthe implementation of Hindu Religion \neducation at Elementary School if related \nto the inventory of Balinese culture.  \n               Generally, this study aims at \ndiscussing and describing the process of \nHindu Religion education implementation \nat Elementary School viewed from the \nperspective of cultural studies. \nSpecifically, this study aims at identifying, \ndescribing, and understanding the \nimplementation of Hindu Religion \neducation at Elementary School Number \n17 Dauh Puri and Dwijendra Elementary \nSchool Depasar. \n               The theoretical benefit of the \nresults of this study is that a more valid \nand clearer conceptual framework for the \nimplementation system of Hindu Religion \neducation at Elementary School can be \nprovided especially if viewed from the \nperspective of cultural studies. The \npractical benefit of the results of this study \nis that contribution in the form of ideas can \nbe provided to those who make policies \nand new strategies for implementing \nHindu Religion education at Elementary \nSchool.  \n               The researchers who have \nconducted researches on Hindu Religion \neducation at Elementary School are: 1) \nTanu (2004) with his research entitled \nAttempts to Understand Model Learning of", "start_char_idx": 6906, "end_char_idx": 10566, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f66a5b52-99d4-45a9-b9e6-2ab5a9b4accb": {"__data__": {"id_": "f66a5b52-99d4-45a9-b9e6-2ab5a9b4accb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3579", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "278b8b0f1afa9cdd37f80f2566a3f41b5d50318b21654b2ac91165a2281ae4fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "701eaa01-4cf1-4c6f-9c56-c29dd48d8e21", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "5f32b0a6ae00453ba3be2454e0b0f640c7e7496f1654b2c0e817fae6daa0245e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7836552e-c812-4c7d-b59a-1003d1cf93b1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c8a99972e19ab2507d036111d180424bf7fe77ee13984bd5664b4286637bb741", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\nHinduism at school; 2) Tanu (2005) with \nhis study entitled Strategy for Developing \nHindu Religion Education at Elementary \nSchools; 3) Subagia (2006) who revealed \nthe concept of Tri Guru in educational \ndevelopment in Bali; 4) Mudiarta (2006) \nwith his study entitled The Learning \nPatterns of Hindu Religion at Sekolah \nTinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung \nPenyang Palangka Raya Kalimantan \nTenga; 5) Nanduq (2006) with his research \nentitled Hinduism Learning at SMA Negeri \n1 Denpasar in the Multicultural \nPerspective ; (6) Suardana (2007) with his \nresearch entitled The Hindusim Learning \nModel at Orphanage of  Darma Jati Klung \nkung; and Sari (2007) with her study \nentitled The Learning Patterns and  \nAttempts to Increase the Quality of Hindu \nReligion Education at Elementary Schools.  \n               The concepts employed in this \nstudy are: 1) Education Imple mentation; \n2) National Education; 3) Hindu Religion \nEducation; 4) Elementary School; 5) the \nPerspec tive Cultural Studies. The theories \napplied in this study are: 1) Derrida\u2019s \nTheory of Deconstruction; 2) Gramci\u2019s \nTheory of Hegemony, and 3) Piaget\u2019s \nTheory of Construc tivistic. \n               The approach applied in this \nstudy is descriptive qualitative approach. \nIn addition, the approach of cultural \nstudies is also applied in understanding \nvarious social realities that are referred to \nwhen understanding the attempts to be \ndeveloped and the meaningfulness \nobtained when implementing Hindu \nReligion education. This type of study is \nnot intended to produce a generalization or \na general conclu sion, but to explain the \nimplementation of Hindu Religion \neducation at Elementary School \nsystematically, factually and accurately. \n               The types of data employed in \nthis study are qualitative and quantitative \ndata. The data sources in this study include \nthe primary data which were obtained \nfrom the headmasters, the Hindu Religion \n\nteachers, the Supervisors supervising \nHindu Religion teaching, the Committee \nmembers, and the observers paying \nattention to Hindu Religion education at \nElementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri \nand Dwijendra Elementary School \nDenpasar , and secondary data including \nthe research results, journals and literature \nwhich are relevant. \n               The informants were purposively \ndetermined, that is, the informants were \nchosen based on the strata and objective \nintended to achieve (Arikunto, 1983: 98). \nThose who were chosen as the informants \nwere those who know and understand the \nproblems occurring in the implementation \nof Hindu Religion education at Elementary \nSchool. \n               The research instruments \nemployed to conduct the research activities \nstarting from the beginning to the end of \nthe research were the interview guideline \nand tape recorder. The data were collected \nby observation, interview, and document \nand library research. The data were \nanalyzed by: 1) describing the data, 2) \nreducing the data, and 3) interpreting the \ndata. The data analysis was formally \npresented. The results of the data analysis  \nwas descriptively presented in the form of \na scientific report or dissertation.  \n               The infrastructure and facilities \navailable for Hindu Reli gion education at \nElementary  School Number 17 Dauh Puri \nand Dwijendra Elementary School \nDepasar up to academic year 2007/2008 \nare: 1) Padmasana (a type of shrine), 2) \nTextbooks of Hinduism, and 3) the picture \nof Dewata Nawa Sanga . The school has \nattempted to meet the infrastructure and \nfacilities needed by the students in the \nlearning process.  \n               The curriculum of Hindu \nReligion education applicable at \nElementary School follows the learning \nprocess applicable for the curriculums of \ngeneral subjects. The curriculum of Hindu \nReligion education is developed in", "start_char_idx": 10571, "end_char_idx": 14422, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7836552e-c812-4c7d-b59a-1003d1cf93b1": {"__data__": {"id_": "7836552e-c812-4c7d-b59a-1003d1cf93b1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3579", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "278b8b0f1afa9cdd37f80f2566a3f41b5d50318b21654b2ac91165a2281ae4fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f66a5b52-99d4-45a9-b9e6-2ab5a9b4accb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "c26ca3d4db29593c5d15ca2bfae35bf56fab119b91237586a37c768828fd8149", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6c4109fb-744c-442d-b668-78a2adece0ca", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "93e0f6db66bd8101fd30c3fab289b9200ecdf7ec760ca6648c8def11e1cf31ac", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\naccordance with the standard of \ncurriculum of the level of educational unit \nat Elementary School. \n               The availability of Hindu \nReligion teachers at Elementary School \nplays an important role in forming the \nstudents\u2019 morality. The requirements of \nteachers are arranged in the Act of Number \n14 year 2005 concerning Teachers and \nLecturers. \n             One of the policies in education \ndetermined by the government is that the \nissue of the Government\u2019s Regulations of \nNumber 19 Year 2005 concerning the \nStandard of National Education (SNP). \nElementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri \nDepasar is different from Dwijendra \nElementary School Depasar concerning \ntheir regulations, learning hours, and other \nsupporting facilities, adjusted to their \nrespective schools. \n              The national education politics in \nimplementing Hindu Religion education at \nElementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri \nand Dwijendra Elementary School Denpa \nsar determines the direction and the policy \nmade for Hindu Religion education. This \nis in accordance with what is stated by \nTilaar (2003) that the political power in \neducation is transformative, that is, the \nprocess describing the occurrence of \nrelationship between power and education. \n               The environmental influen ce in \nimplementing Hindu Religion education at \nElementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri \nand Dwijendra Elementary School \nDenpasar greatly contributes to the \nformation of the students\u2019 morality. The \nreason is that the good environmental \ninfluence can increase the students\u2019 \ninterest in learning Hinduism.  \n               The changes in social and \ncultural values made by the students at \nElementary School Dauh Puri Number 17 \nand Dwijendra Elemen tary School \nDenpasar in carrying out Hindu Religion \neducation has not fully involved the \ncommunity\u2019s components yet. As a result, \n\nthe social and cultural changes appearing \nin the process of Hindu Religion learning \nare not in accordance with what is \nexpected by the students and community. \n              The multicultural infra structure \nand facilities for Hindu Religion learning \nat school are continuously made available \nand developed in every learning process \nby the students and teachers. The objective \nis that the students are able to discover \nHindu Religion education values available \nin their families, schools, and community \ntotally.  \n               Quality-based education at \nElementary School constitutes the \ngovernment\u2019s further policy in increasing \nthe quality of national education, including \nHindu Religion education. The quality \ntransfor mation of Hindu Religion \neducation at school is initiated by adopting \nnew paradigms concerning Hindu Religion \neducational values available at the \nstudents\u2019 families, schools and \ncommunity. \n               The attempt to increase the \nquality of Hindu Religion education at \nElementary School is made through the \nactivities that can touch the students\u2019 \nlearning experience. The meaningfulness \ndeveloped in increasing the quality of \nHindu Religion education at Elementary \nSchool Number 17 Dauh Puri and \nDwijendra Elementary School Depasar is \ndone by totally involving the teachers, the \nstudents, the supervisors, the headmasters, \nand the committee members that they are \naware of their respective respon sibilities \nand functions.  \n               The application of school-based \nmanagement is the attempt developed in \nrealizing Hindu Religion education at \nElementary School. The obstacles faced in \nimplementing Hindu Religion education \nare as follows: 1) the students\u2019 \nadministration is not valid; 2) the teachers\u2019 \nadministration; and 3) the staff\u2019s \nadministration which is very bureaucratic. \nThe development of school-based", "start_char_idx": 14427, "end_char_idx": 18199, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6c4109fb-744c-442d-b668-78a2adece0ca": {"__data__": {"id_": "6c4109fb-744c-442d-b668-78a2adece0ca", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3579", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "278b8b0f1afa9cdd37f80f2566a3f41b5d50318b21654b2ac91165a2281ae4fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7836552e-c812-4c7d-b59a-1003d1cf93b1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "ef67ca6635cb94bc1430dbcd096900284b04136a23faa695761f5fc9a10f45fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cfe06f42-09ff-421e-ad33-e707b18f3df8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d6aaef871fd426684b5dfb606d2fa526eae72d0b992fa87cae0f56b4f3e88173", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\nmanagement at Elementary School is \nintended to provide the students with \nmaximum service in the learning process.  \n               The multidisciplinary appro ach \nserves as the attempt developed by the \nschools in the learning process. The \nobjective is that the students understand \nthat the learning materials given in the \nreligion learning process are not \nindependent.  \n \n\nNOVELTY \n \n\n               The novelties in this study are: 1) \nThe components available for \nimplementing Hindu Religion education \nsuch as: infrastructure and facilities, \ncurriculum, teachers and the government\u2019s \npolicy are adjusted to what is really needed \nby the teachers, and the school\u2019s \npotentials. The learning infrastructure and \nfacilities made available which are \nadjusted to what is needed by the students \nand the implementation of Hindu Religion \neducation are oriented towards the learning \nactivities. Unlike before, the infrastructure \nand facilities were made homogenously \navailable without considering the students\u2019 \nbackground. 2) The political, economic, \nenvironmental, social and cultural \ninfluence on the implementation of Hindu \nReligion education is adjusted to the \nrespective school condition. The authority \nin the implementation of Hindu Religion \neducation has started to pay attention to \nthe students\u2019 diversity and abilities. Unlike \nbefore, the Authority dominated the \nimplementation of Hindu Religion \neducation. 3) The materials of \nmulticultural education, the increase in the \nquality of Hindu Religion education, \nschool-based manage ment, and \nmultidisciplinary approach are the \nattempts developed by the schools in \nimplementing Hindu Religion education. \nUnlike before, the implementation of \nHindu  Religion education was only \noriented towards general objectives. \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n \n\nThe conclusions which can be withdrawn \nin this study are: 1) the components of the \nimplementation of Hindu Religion \neducation at Elementary School Number \n17 Dauh Puri and Dwijendra Elementary \nSchool Denpasar  are adjusted to what is \nneeded by the students and the real \nschool\u2019s potentials; 2) National education, \neconomic, environmental, social and \ncultural politics greatly contributes to the \nelementary school students\u2019 under \nstanding of diversity; 3) Availability of \nmulticultural infrastructure and facilities, \nincrease in the quality of Hindu Religion \neducation, develop ment of school-based \nmanagement, and multidisciplinary \napproach are the attempts developed by \nthe schools in implementing Hindu \nReligion education. \n              The suggestions and \nrecommendations that can be made are: 1) \nThe related parties, that is, the Department \nof Religion Affairs and the Department of \nNational Education should  behave fairly \nin implementing Hindu Religion educa \ntion; 2) The decision makers  should pay \nattention to how the infras tructure and \nfacilities are made available for Hindu \nReligion learning at Elementary School; 3) \nAll parties, that is, the teachers, the \nstudents and the parents should also \ndirectly control the implementation of \nHindu Religion education at schools.  \n \n\n \nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\n \nAbdullan, Amin, 2005. Pendidikan Agama \n\nMulticultural Multi Religius. \nMalang: Pusat Studi Agama \nMohamadiyah. \n\n \nAdriono, 2006. Melejitkan Potensi Anak \n\nDidik. Bandung: Mizan Media \nUtama.", "start_char_idx": 18204, "end_char_idx": 21572, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cfe06f42-09ff-421e-ad33-e707b18f3df8": {"__data__": {"id_": "cfe06f42-09ff-421e-ad33-e707b18f3df8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3579", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "278b8b0f1afa9cdd37f80f2566a3f41b5d50318b21654b2ac91165a2281ae4fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6c4109fb-744c-442d-b668-78a2adece0ca", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "f7cee988284201408d31720c1a68e7094f54b9d78c29c78ab0e31026b245bab9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ad7acfcd-cfce-4457-9e1f-0a60f5516d13", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5c5408f53445a825e1db8bba949ee9cfaf0d0f0721b765cfbd0f25dd3b3b8853", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7 \n \n\nAgus Salim, 2001. Teori dan Paradigma \nPenelitian Sosial. Yogyakarta: PT \nTiara  Wacana. \n\n \nAgus Salim, 2002. Perubahan Sosial. \n\nYogyakarta: PT. Tiara Wacana. \n \nAhmadi. Abu,  2001. Ilmu Pendidi kan. \n\nYogyakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.  \n \nAlwasilah, Chaedar, A. 2007. Contextual \n\nTeaching and Learning. Jakarta: \nMLC. \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nAli, Mohamad,1984. Pengembangan \nKurikulum di Sekolah Dasar. \nBandung: Offset. \n\n \nAli, Mohamad. 2002. Guru Dalam Proses \n\nBelajar Mengajar.  Bandung: Sinar \nBaru Algensido. \n\n \nAndi Haris, 2000. Paradigma \n\nPengembangan Kurikulum \nPendidikan Tinggi Tahun 2000. \nSurakarta: Univdersitas \nMohamadiyah. \n\n \nAndrean Harefa. 2002. Menjadi Manusia \n\nPembelajar. Yogya karta: Pustaka \nPelajar.", "start_char_idx": 21581, "end_char_idx": 22361, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ad7acfcd-cfce-4457-9e1f-0a60f5516d13": {"__data__": {"id_": "ad7acfcd-cfce-4457-9e1f-0a60f5516d13", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3581", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "540fb62f8a728343bf6de935aa07f70eb179a081eb294b7ba050552b1ddc8a67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cfe06f42-09ff-421e-ad33-e707b18f3df8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3579", "author": "Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan", "title": " IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3579.pdf"}, "hash": "e4b7e4fc0cc3f2ee412ea5474f4f1dde02f12199664fcbdc3cb059f476926ef5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6ef716d6-e7e1-4689-b1e0-64f59f9c582c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e099c8b503b28638d410b22a02e03f3a195311c36d34ba77b228384c2a57be38", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Nyoman Arthanegara\n\n\n1 \n \n\nCONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT \nSUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT \n\nIRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER \n \n\nI Nyoman Arthanegara1 , I Wayan Ardika2 \nNengah Bawa Atmaja 2, Nyoman Sutawan3 \n\n \n\n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\n3Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University \nE-mail:  nyoman-lppm@centrin.net.id \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nConflict among parties of subak ecosystem  is a conflict of interests resulting from the \nmodernization made by political community with regard to the subculture of \npelemahan of ecosystem. The political and economic communities force \nmodernization on the subak  ecosystem  leading to an ideological conflict between \nmodernism and the philosophy of Trihita Karana.  Modernism has been responsible \nfor the conflict among the parties of ecosystem in palemahan, pawongan and \nparhyangan of the subaks irrigated by Sabha River.  \nParticipation in group discussion, semi structured interview and transek were the \nmethods employed in collecting the data. The triangulation including at least three \nrelevant theories was employed for analyzing the data. \n\nPolitical communities interfere with the development by applying the theory \nof hegemony. The political community in collaboration with the economic community \ndominates modernization which is sectoral in nature and the planning and \nimplementation of the development. Partial development approach, which contrasts \nwith the theory of ecosystem (Pollunin, 1996), causes the farming community life \nprocess and the cultural values existing in the ecosystem of the subak to degrade. The \ninterference of the political community in collaboration with the economic \ncommunity with the subak ecosystem is more dominant in the subculture of \npalemahan which is materialistic in nature so that advantages can be obtained by \nscience and technology. Consequently, the philosophical values of trihita karana are \nbroken. Such a conflict takes place due to the different interests in the subak \necosystem , which is full of cultural values for the farming community. Alteration to \nthe land status, the imbalance between the cost spent and the yields produced and the \nviolation of the growing pattern are responsible for the conflict. \n\nThe institution of subak, which constitutes the realization of subculture of the \nsubak ecosystem, is swept aside by the political and economic communities. The \nfarming community members that are the members of the subak institution  are made \nnot to be facilitated to take part in the development process in the subculture of \npalemahan . Modernization in the subculture of palemahan   of the subak ecosystem \ndone by the political and economic communities is beyond the subak institution \ncausing it to violate the traditional values of the subak institution which refer to \ntogetherness regulated by the subak rules and regulations. Modernization, which is \ndone by the political and economic societies by science and technology, breaks the \nunified existence of Trihita Karana in the subak ecosystem environment. \nModernization in the development of the subculture of palemahan ecosystem", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3289, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6ef716d6-e7e1-4689-b1e0-64f59f9c582c": {"__data__": {"id_": "6ef716d6-e7e1-4689-b1e0-64f59f9c582c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3581", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "540fb62f8a728343bf6de935aa07f70eb179a081eb294b7ba050552b1ddc8a67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ad7acfcd-cfce-4457-9e1f-0a60f5516d13", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "fa88a9f52b23dd930dc0c11bac65e35574ddf337cdde162e64545bac0ca84008", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "00c6d9c5-1d97-46c7-bd4d-97372daaf526", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "48fbd57dd6b2afd7d536e5899bba319029cc0e6c8327f5d8db0e1ebe3bcc5a59", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\ndegrades the spiritual values attached to the subculture of parahyangan. The \ndevelopmental intervention in the subculture of palemahan done by the political and \neconomical communities is not begun from the implementation of the subculture of \nparahyangan. This contrasts with the cultural values existing in the subak ecosystem.  \nThe conflict of subak ecosystem among the parties results from the failure of \nmodernization. The developmental intervention is only done in the subculture of \npalemahan, while the subcultures of pawongan and parahyangan of the subak \necosystem are marginalized from their habitats. The failure in developing the \ninfrastructure of the subculture of palemahan of the subak ecosystem in the areas \nirrigated by Sabha River results from the fact that the subaks are functioned to be the \ndevelopmental objects. In this case, the theory of participatory can offer solutions to \nthe conflict and the developmental failure, especially in the ecosystem of subaks \nirrigated by Sabha River. The reason is that the parties play equal roles in developing \nthe environment of the subak ecosystem.  \n \nKey word: sustainable, ecosystem, conflik, stakeholder, participatory and eguallity \n \n \n \n\n \nINTRODUCTION \n\n \nThe objective of using the \n\nconflict of the ecosystem of the subaks \nirrigated by Sabha River located in \nTabanan and Buleleng Regencies \namong the Farming, Political, and \nEconomical Communities as the title \nof this dissertation is to reveal the \ncomplexity of the ecosystem occurring \nthere. The upper part of the river is \nlocated in Tabanan Regency, and the \ncentral and lower parts are located in \nBuleleng Regency. The inexplicitness \nof the data and information concerning \nthe subaks irrigated by Sabha River \nhas inspired the writer to observe the \nvalidity of the data and information \ndocumented at the related \ngovernment\u2019s institutions representing \nthe political communities. The number \nof the subak ecosystems spreading \nalong the areas irrigated by Sabha \nRiver available at the related \ngovernment\u2019s institutions varies. The \nwriter has been motivated to conduct \nthis study in order to get the validity of \nthe number of subak ecosystems \nspreading along the areas irrigated by \nSabha River. \n\nIntellectually and practically, subak \nrefers to a traditional organization \nfunctioning to arrange water irrigation \nin Bali. This definition has inspired the \nwriter to conduct a deep research \nconcerning subak. The reason is that \nsubak does not only function to \narrange irrigation water. The writer is \nconvinced that subak is rich in sources \nof biotic and abiotic. It is this that has \ninspired the writer to conduct such a \nstudy as his dissertation. However, \nsome problems Why do conflicts take \nplace among the political, economic \nand farming communities in the aspect \nof palemahan of the ecosystem of the \nsubaks irrigated by Shaba River, How \ndo the conflicts among the parties in \nthe aspect of pawongan of the \necosystem of    the subaks irrigated by \nSabha River take place, What is the \nimplication of the conflicts in the \naspects of pawongan and palemahan \non the ecosystem of parhyangan in the \nsubaks irrigated by Sabha River. \n\nThe general objectives of the \nstudy concerning \u201cConflict among \nFarming, Political and Economical \nCommunities in the Ecosystem of the \nSubaks Irrigated by Sabha River\u201d are", "start_char_idx": 3294, "end_char_idx": 6675, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "00c6d9c5-1d97-46c7-bd4d-97372daaf526": {"__data__": {"id_": "00c6d9c5-1d97-46c7-bd4d-97372daaf526", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3581", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "540fb62f8a728343bf6de935aa07f70eb179a081eb294b7ba050552b1ddc8a67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6ef716d6-e7e1-4689-b1e0-64f59f9c582c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "aab1d0e92431d29e431e561bd4e6104a078e8a9e0cd0398c65dd8d4bc169c84b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ca934d6e-0422-4e09-99dc-760abf538f3b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bc4831f18fbb2924581a86c4f5a443380e109328ebb9e14057f7f9a2518f3ebc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\nto find out the dynamics of growth and \ndevelopment taking place at the \nregions irrigated by a river in Bali, to \ndescribe the condition of the elements \nof the subak ecosystem based on the \nvalues and various activities performed \nalong the regions irrigated by Sabha \nRiver in Bali and  to identify the \nrelationship between institutional \nelements, water resources, agro-\neconomics, and  irrigation technique \nand Trihita Karana. The specific \nobjectives of the study are to identify \nthe factors causing the conflicts in the \necosystem of the subaks irrigated by \nSabha River; to describe the \ninterrelationship among the elements \nin the ecosystem of the subaks \nirrigated by Sabha River; and to map \nout the pattern of relationships between \nthe farming communities and God, \namong the members of the farming \ncommunities, and between the farming \ncommunities and their environment.  \n \n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n   \n\nThis study was conducted \nemploying participatory method that \nrefers to the following principles: a) \ngiving priority to what is neglected, b) \ncommunity empowerment, c) the local \ncommunity is the doer and the \noutsiders are the facilitators, d) \nequality, learning from each other and \nappreciating differences, e) \noptimalizing results, f) practical \norientation, g) sustainability and time \ninterval, h) learning from errors, and i) \nransparency. \nThe strength of participatory method is \nsituated on how data are collected and \nh analyzed. The data analysis was \nsystematically done together with the \ncommunity with the principle of \ntriangulation, in which the data and \ninformation were checked and re-\nchecked. Triangulation was done \nthrough diversity in team members, \nsources of information and variation in \n\nparticipatory technique and method. \nThe diversity in triangulation intended \nis as follows: a) the team members \nwere composed of those who are \nmultidisciplinary, male and  female,     \nlocals and outsiders   coming from \ndifferent disciplines of science, b) the \ninformation sources are: the society, \nlocation, event or processe. The local \ncommunity\u2019s role is necessary. The \nroles of location, the analysis of \nprocess and event are too, and c) \ntechnique and equipment: interview, \ndiscussion, and transek.         \n\nTriangulation or multi-strategy \nwas optically employed using at least \nfive types of triangulation. They are \ntriangulation of data, triangulation of \ndiscipline, triangulation of theory, \ntriangulation of methodology and \ntriangulation of analysis. \nThe parties who have interests in the \nsubaks irrigated by Sabha River are the \nfarming, political and economic \ncommunities. Historically, the farming \ncommunities cannot be separated from \nthe subak life. While the political and \neconomic communities are the parties \nwho have interests in the resources. \n\nThe sources forming the subak \necosystem, which are investigated in \nthe scope of this study, include the \nconcept of Trihita Karana, which \nconstitutes the forming elements, and \nfunctions as the ecosystem networks \namong institutionalization, agro-\neconomics, water resources, and \nirrigation technique. Trihita Karana \nconstitutes a boundary frame, and \nbinder binding all the realizations of \nevery activity done by the farming \ncommunities around the subak \necosystem. All the elements forming \nthe subak ecosystem are sorted in the \nconcept of Trihita Karana. The \nsubculture of parhyangan realizes the \nactivities done by the farming \ncommunities associated to God. Every \nactivity done around the subak \necosystem starts from the subculture of", "start_char_idx": 6680, "end_char_idx": 10270, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ca934d6e-0422-4e09-99dc-760abf538f3b": {"__data__": {"id_": "ca934d6e-0422-4e09-99dc-760abf538f3b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3581", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "540fb62f8a728343bf6de935aa07f70eb179a081eb294b7ba050552b1ddc8a67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "00c6d9c5-1d97-46c7-bd4d-97372daaf526", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "e721adc0700fa11546280f23e20865ac1ca77d9fc1da8e12c170ef6eb83e35e0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d8297667-7f88-4f28-8936-a044885bb2d3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e3d3a9e933e5dc21d46ea6e790ad86b81e58ef0da6729c13ca2fa149dcbddb37", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\nparhyangan. The subculture of \npawongan realizes the harmonious \nrelationships between man and his \nfellow-beings, and among institutions. \nAs a whole, institutionalization, as one \nof the elements forming the subak \necosystem, is the real implementation \nof the concept of Trihita Karana. The \nsubculture of palemahan constitutes \nthe relationship pattern between the \nfarmers and their environment around \nthe subak ecosystem, which includes \nthe relationship between the farmers \nand water resources, agro-economics, \nand irrigation technique, which are \nalways in the corridor of religious \ncultural values. The intervention of the \nparties in the subak ecosystem causes a \nclash between local ideology and \nmodernism. \n\nThe conflicts over land in the \nareas irrigated by Sabha River take \nplace downstream, as the utilization of \nland for irrigation channels that takes \nplace at Gerogak Distrik. The parties \ninvolved in such conflicts are the \nDepartment of Public Work, Bureau of \nLand Affairs, the farming , and the \neconomic communities. The \nDepartment of Public Work has built \nsome irrigation channels to expand the \nfarming areas at Gerogak District. For \nthis interest, the farmers\u2019 land has been \nfreed. The process of freeing the land \nhas been done by paying for \ncompensation. Some of the \nlandowners, in fact, have freed their \nland without any compensation for \nbuilding irrigation channels \n\nViolation of growing pattern is \none of the things that have been \nresponsible for the conflict that takes \nplace among the farming community \nmembers.  The intervention of the \npolitical communities in the growing \npattern aspect is intended to increase \ngrowing intensity by applying \ntechnology including the use of  short-\nage superior seeds, high dosage \nfertilization and the  three-time a year \n\ngrowing frequency.  Wibowo (2007: \n218) states that the growing pattern \napplied by the political communities \nhas left every thing traditional and \nmeaningful behind. The reason is that \nthe three-time growing pattern a year \nhas not given any opportunity to the \nland to reacquire its fertility. In \naddition, the three-time growing \npattern a year has made traditional \nmeaningfulness extinct in the subak \necosystem. This exceeds the post \nreality and negatively affects the \nenvironment. The conflict resulting \nfrom the violation of growing pattern \nhas taken place  in the subaks where \nheterogeneous plants are planted. The \nreason is that every type of plants has a \ndifferent need. Grape plantations need \nbigger rates of flow of water. The other \nsecond crops do too. In addition,   the \ngrowing pattern among the subaks \nlocated in the upper part, the middle \npart and the lower part of Sabha River \nhas not been facilitated. This has been \nresponsible for the conflict taking \nplace among the subaks. The \ndetermination of growing pattern and \nthe arrangement of rice and grape \ngrowing patterns should be \nimmediately made, as this has created \nlatent conflicts among the farming \ncommunities in the subak ecosystem \n(DISIMP, 2005, Department of \nAgriculture, 2004). \n\nWater is one of the resources \nwhich has been the object of struggle \namong the the parties which have \ninterests in it. The subak that is located \nat the upper part of the river and close \nto the water resources dominantly \ncontrol the water. The arrangement of \ndoors that are permanently installed is \ndominantly done by the subaks, which \nare located in the upper part. The \nunavailability of irrigation manage \nment among the related subaks, which \nare bound to awig-awig (local \nregulations) made and approved", "start_char_idx": 10275, "end_char_idx": 13896, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d8297667-7f88-4f28-8936-a044885bb2d3": {"__data__": {"id_": "d8297667-7f88-4f28-8936-a044885bb2d3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3581", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "540fb62f8a728343bf6de935aa07f70eb179a081eb294b7ba050552b1ddc8a67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ca934d6e-0422-4e09-99dc-760abf538f3b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "ca07c54cb31d76aa61ae81831e9bb55629c627c24f30aa04a1787ceb79609459", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "14eb84d0-d743-4e7d-9d11-0409f281c619", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a119398cf0dd3b36467fe765a4aa475550a5a7faac935925d468c980629b3389", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\ntogether, causes the conflict to take \nplace among the subaks. \n\nCompetition taking place \namong the parties using the irrigation \nwater flowing from one channel \nwithout any clear regulations \nfrequently causes the conflict to \nhappen. It is difficult to solve such a \nconflict. The reason is that there is no \nbinding that can collectively facilitate \nthe water allocation management. The \nsubak ecosystem in the areas irrigated \nby Sabha River has not been formally \norganized by a higher subak (subak \ngede). \nThe conflict caused by the struggle for \nwater resources, in fact, takes place \nbetween PDAM and the farming \ncommunities. In a focused-group \nmeeting attended by the subaks, it is \nshown that an organization in the form \nof a higher subak (subak gede) is really \nneeded. It is hoped that the subak gede \n, as an institution, can facilitate the \nirrigation water management among \nthe subaks. \n\nThe subculture of pawongan of \nTrihita Karana in the subak ecosystem \nis in general binding in nature both \ninward and outward. What is meant by \ninward is that it is responsible for the \npattern of relationship among the \nfarmers or karma (members) in an \ninstitution. All the facilities and \ninfrastructures unifying the farmers in \nthe subak ecosystem are included in \nthe awig-awig (local regulations).  \nSuch regulations constitute a frame \nlimiting and binding the farmers\u2019 \nmovement. In this way, any violation \ndone by the farmers in a unified \necosystem of subak can be minimized. \nSo can any violation among the subak-\ngede (higher subak) members. What is \nmeant by outward is that the members \nshould also be responsible for the \ncommunities existing outside the subak \necosystem. The implementation of the \nsubculture of pawongan  corresponds \nto the pattern of relationship between \n\nthe farmers  and the communities \noutside the subak ecosystem.  \n\nThe development facilitated by \nthe political and economic \ncommunities in the subak ecosystem \nalong the areas irrigated by Sabha \nRiver greatly contrasts with the theory \nof ecosystem. The development in the \nsubculture of parhyangan done by the \npolitical communities is not made \nequal to the development done in the \nsubculture of palemahan. Imbalance \nfacilitation of the development done by \nthe political communities in the subak \necosystem has caused the existence of \ncultural values attached to the sub \nculture of parhyangan marginalized.   \nIn accordance with the theory of \nconflict (Moor, 1996), the imbalance in \ndevelopment causes various types of \nclashes which potentially lead to \nconflicts. The parties have not paid any \nattention to the existence of holy \nplaces belonging to several subaks or \nto the holy places built for the subaks \nlocated in the same irrigation area. \nThey have not paid any attention to the \nrituals performed for the interests of \nthe subak ecosystem in the areas \nirrigated by Sabha River either, where \nthey have interests. The development \nthat is unequally designed viewed from \necosystem badly affects the functions \nof the ecosystem network. This means \nthat the function and meaningfulness \nof the subculture of parhyangan as the \nnetwork of the subak ecosystem have \nbeen made damaged.  \n\n \nRESEARCH NOVELTY \n\n \n The novelty of this study: First,  \na conflict of land function which is \ncaused by the use of the farmers\u2019 land \nfor irrigation channels, a conflict of \ngrowing pattern among the subaks and \nnon subak institutions, a conflict of \nwater resources among the subaks and \nnon subak institions, and a conflict  of \nmodernized subculture of irrigation", "start_char_idx": 13901, "end_char_idx": 17493, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "14eb84d0-d743-4e7d-9d11-0409f281c619": {"__data__": {"id_": "14eb84d0-d743-4e7d-9d11-0409f281c619", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3581", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "540fb62f8a728343bf6de935aa07f70eb179a081eb294b7ba050552b1ddc8a67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d8297667-7f88-4f28-8936-a044885bb2d3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "83efc5326e8cdf6ba06d84261b709966e6c18c1ab4a75f84a73478927e78118c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "49e84ea8-8c6f-4a39-a3f7-ee8f76cdc9e7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "617d003a8a1e90eb40af6c59b39b209ed8f99d2a094b95f097cb315cf7f0b077", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\ntechnique which is caused by partial \napproach take place in the palemahan \nsub culture of the subak ecosystem. \nThis is not in accordance with the \nfarmers\u2019 knowledge and \nphilosophically, a clash between \nmodernism and traditionalism cannot \nbe avoided. \n1. The area of Sabha river are Tukad \n\nSabha, Tukad Bakah, Tukad Jehe, \nTukad Getas, Tukad Panes, Tukad \nTitab, and it has 55 subak. \n\n2. Palemahan aspect develop by \neconomic oriented and base by \nideology of capitalism, and farmer \ncommunity group did activities \nvase by philosophy of Tri Hita \nKarana, \n\n3. Modernization is source of latent \nconflict of political community \nwith farmer community, and source \nof conflict economic community \nwith farmer community. And \nSource of conflict inheren of subak \nand among subak, \n\n4. Pawongan aspect of subak-subak at \narea of Sabha river like is human \nresourches not touch by develop \n\n5. ment of political community and \neconomic community, \n\n6. Participatory theory as once alter \n7. native for used solving problem of \n\nconflict among stakeholder in \nmodernization ecosystem subak by \nSabha river area. \n\n \n \n\nRESEARCH CONCLUSION \n \n\nModernization in the agricultural \nmechanism has marginalized the \nexistence of the traditional agricultural \nequipment in the subak ecosystem. In \naddition, the economic communities \nmore dominantly play a role in the \nmodernized mechanism of agriculture, \nin which the farmers are treated as \nconsumers. The collaboration of the \npolitical and economic communities \nhas marginalized the farming \n\ncommunities in the development of \nirrigation infrastructure of the sub \nculture of palemahan. This is called \ncollusion that is based on buraucratism \nand technocratism which synergy with \ncapitalism referred to by the economic \ncommunities with the objective that \ngreat benefit will be gained. The \nmodernization in irrigation infra \nstructure of the sub culture of \npalemahan has swept the farming \ncommunities away from their \nenvironment, and has changed the \nforms of the local symbols created by \nthe farmers. The consequence is that \nthe transcendent values of the artefak \nrealizations of the sub culture of \npalemahan at the subaks irrigated by \nSabha River have been made to \ndisappear. \n\nThe sub culture of pawongan at \nthe subaks irrigated by Sabha River \nbound to the awig-awig (local \nregulations) has collided with formal \nregulations, the governmental regu \nlations and the regional regulations. \nThe awig-awig is local in naure, while \nthe formal regulations are national in \nnature. Interinstitutional conflict has \nbeen caused by the non-existence of a \nhigher subak (subak gede) at the same \nirrigation area and the non-existence of \nan institution arranging the area of a \nriver (subak agung). The sub culture of \nParhyangan has been marginalized in \nthe subak ecosystem, because the \nmodernization made by the political \ncommunities have only been done in \nthe subculture of palemahan. The sub \nculture of parhyangan has not been \ntouched by modernization, making \nmodernized infrastructure of the sub \nculture of palemahan considered not to \nhave religious values. Because \nspirituality has been neglected by the \neconomic and political communities, \nthe subculture of paryhyangan has \nbeen marginalized. The philosophy of \nTrihita Karana has been destructed by \nmodernization, resulting a conflict \n\n\n\n7 \n \n\namong the parties at the subcultures of \npalemahan, pawongan, and parhya \nngan.  \n\n \nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n \nI would like to take this \n\nopportunity to express my great thanks \nto Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, MA., as \nmy promoter, Prof. Dr. Nengah Bawa \nAtmaja, MA. as co-promoter I and \nProf. Dr.", "start_char_idx": 17498, "end_char_idx": 21172, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "49e84ea8-8c6f-4a39-a3f7-ee8f76cdc9e7": {"__data__": {"id_": "49e84ea8-8c6f-4a39-a3f7-ee8f76cdc9e7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3581", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "540fb62f8a728343bf6de935aa07f70eb179a081eb294b7ba050552b1ddc8a67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "14eb84d0-d743-4e7d-9d11-0409f281c619", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "3163b368165c68a1280527434be305754e57e97afce2c9322427584af4b92ed2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cb89aece-3fa9-4dc0-b1cb-062bc8bf0d8c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5cc64c4d04d8e144144e8a91c09fdbdd0ac573515fa988376a40b583718c02bd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "as co-promoter I and \nProf. Dr. Nyoman Sutawan, M.Sc., as \nco-promoter II who have attentively \ngiven me support, encouragement and \nguidance starting from the proposal \nwriting to the last process of \ncompleting this dissertation report. I \nwould also like to deliver my high \nappreciation to The Bier Foundation, \nand Rector of Udayana University, \nDirector of Post-Graduate Program \nUdayana University and staff, and the \nHead of Cultural Studies Doctorate \nProgram of Udayana University and \nstaff.       \n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \n\nBest, Steven dkk. 2003. Teori \nPosmodern: Interogasi Kritis. \nMalang: Boyan Publishing. \n\nBudiman, Arief. 1996. Teori \nPembangunan Dunia Ketiga. \nJakarta: PT Gramedia. \n\n \nBudimanto, Arif, dkk. 2004. Corporate \n\nSocial Responsibility: \nJawaban bagi Model \nPembangunan Indonesia \nMasa Kini. Jakarta: Indonesia \nCentre for Sustainable \nDevelopment (ICSD). \n\nBudiman, Hikmat. 2002. Lubang \nHitam Kebudayaan. \nYogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nBrouwer, M.A.W. 1986. Studi Budaya \nDasar. Bandung: PT Alumni. \n\nBrouwer, M.A.W. 1988. Alam \nManusia dalam Fenomenologi. \nJakarta: PT Gramedia. \n\nBrown, Lester R. Christopher Flavin, \nSandra Postel. 1991. 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Bali Water Research \nStudy for human resettlement. \nDenpasar:  IUIDP.  \n\nDietz, Ton. 1996. Pengakuan Hak Atas \nSumber daya Alam. \nYogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar \nOffset. \n\nDikbud Provinsi Bali. 1999. Buku \nPetunjuk Prajuru Subak dan \nSri Purana Tatwa. Denpasar: \nDinas Kebudayaan Provinsi \nBali. \n\nDillon, H.S. 1999. Pertanian \nMembangun Bangsa. Jakarta: \nPustaka Sinar Harapan. \n\nDjamal Irwan, Zoer\u2019aini. 1997. \nPrinsip-Prinsip Ekologi dan \n\nOrganisasi Ekosistem, \nKomunitas, Dan Lingkungan. \nJakarta: Bumi Aksara. \n\nDurno, Janet, dkk. 1992. Sustainable \nAgriculture for the Lowland. \nBandung: Seasan.\\ \n\nEghenter, Cristina dan Bernard Sellato. \n1999. Kebudayaan dan \nPelestarian Alam: Penelitian \nInterdisipliner di Pedalaman \nKalimantan. Jakarta: WWF-\nIndonesia. \n\nFakih, Mansour. 2002. Runtuhnya \nTeori Pembangunan dan \nGlobalisasi. Yogyakarta: Insist \nPress. \n\nFeatherstone, Mike. 2000. \nPosmodernisme dan Budaya \nKonsumen. Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar. \n\nFischer, H. 1980. Pengantar \nAnthropologi Kebudayaan \nIndonesia. Surabaya: PT \nPembangunan. \n\nFukuyama, Francis, 2005. Guncangan \nBesar: Kodrat Manusia dan \nTata Sosial Baru. Jakarta: PT \nGramedia. \n\nFox, Warwick. 1990. Toward a \nTranspersonal Ecology. Boston \n& London: Shambhala. \n\nGabriel, J.F. 2001. Fisika Lingkungan. \nJakarta: Hipokrates. \nGaltung, Johan. 2003. Studi \n\nPerdamaian: Perdamaian dan \nKonflik Pembangunan dan \nPeradaban. Surabaya: Pustaka \nEureka. \n\nGiddens, Anthony. 2003.", "start_char_idx": 23569, "end_char_idx": 25936, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e59bd024-5002-48d5-87b8-a1378aebcb3f": {"__data__": {"id_": "e59bd024-5002-48d5-87b8-a1378aebcb3f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3581", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "540fb62f8a728343bf6de935aa07f70eb179a081eb294b7ba050552b1ddc8a67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cb89aece-3fa9-4dc0-b1cb-062bc8bf0d8c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "53d3957ca3e6b7810ce7140fbbaa797ecb8e5d89e77a927d4a56cf20831f8125", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d4fc0846-3413-4a6d-a38f-6fcab440daa7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "883cb75dc7842c37666ebfa5b656ba92a4b795becc0c2f02efcf70c11911ddad", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Giddens, Anthony. 2003. The \nConstitution of Society: Teori \nStrukturasi untuk Analisis \nSosial. Pasuruan: Penerbit \nPedati. \n\nHuntington, Samuel P. 2000. Benturan \nAntarperadaban: Dan Masa \nDepan Politik Dunia. \nYoyakarta: Qalam. \n\nIIED. 2003. PLA Notes: Participatory \nLearning and Action. London: \n\n\n\n9 \n \n\nInternational Institute for \nEnvironment and Development. \n\nJBIC. 2003. Decentralized Irrigation \nSystem Improvement Project in \nEastern Region of Indonesia. \nJakarta: KIMPRASWIL. \n\nJosef Eiler, Franz. 1993. \nBerkomunikasi Antara Budaya. \nFlores-NTT: PT Nusa Indah. \n\nJ. Van Baal, dkk. 1969, Bali Further \nStudies in Life, Thought, and \nRitual. The Hague: W. van \nHoeve Publishers Ltd. \n\nKayane I. 1989. Water Cycle and \nWater Use in Bali Island. \nJapan: Institute of Geoscience, \nUniversity of Tsukuba Ibaraki. \n\nKirkpatrick S, 1996. Revolusi Hijau. \nSebuah Tinjauan Historis-\nKritis Lingkungan Hidup di \n\nAmerika. Editor Koesnadi \nHardjosoemantri. Penerjemah \nMatheos Nalle. Terjemahan \ndari The Green Revolution, \nThe American Environmental \nMovement. \n\nKoentjaraningrat. 1997. Kebudayaan, \nMentalitas, dan Pembangunan. \nJakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka \nUtama. \n\nKorten, Frances F dan Siy Jr. Robert \nY. 1988. Transforming a \nBureaucracy: The Experience \nof The Philippine National \nIrrigation Administration. \nManila: Ateneo De University \nPress.", "start_char_idx": 25913, "end_char_idx": 27270, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d4fc0846-3413-4a6d-a38f-6fcab440daa7": {"__data__": {"id_": "d4fc0846-3413-4a6d-a38f-6fcab440daa7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3583", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "df5459c66b4c741579729d1a6db7d3aaf5e3bf9efcfcdf929c7c02d734cc06e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e59bd024-5002-48d5-87b8-a1378aebcb3f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3581", "author": "Arthanegara, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Bawa Atmaja, Nengah; Sutawan, Nyoman", "title": " CONFLICT AMONG PARTIES IN MODERNIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AT SUBAKS LOCATED IN BULELENG AND TABANAN REGENCIES OF BALI AT IRRIGATED BY SHABA RIVER", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3581.pdf"}, "hash": "e5951963bf5d4d4d31dda847ec521ecdce96be66347bb94d1a14779301262fc3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "68f48735-8cd8-400b-b3a5-2294d93635e8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5bdb1946267d915c225bb296befc30fa9303ab6dcf1991916362028c2905209b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Wayan Dana\n\n\n1 \n \n\nBARONG MEETING \nAT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: \n\nIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES \n \n\nI Wayan Dana1 , I Wayan Dibia2, \nA.A. Gde Putra Agung3, I Made Suastika3 \n\n \n\n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n2Institute of  Art Indonesia,  Bali \n\n3Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n \n \n\nABSTACT \n \n\n               This dissertation contains research findings on the  Barong Meeting, a multidimentional \ncultural event performed at Pucak Padang Dawa Temple, Baturiti Tabanan Regency. Such a \nmeeting is attended by more than sixty various barongs and rangdas of various types coming \nfrom various areas in Central Bali, and is the biggest in Bali. The research on such a cultural \nphenomenon is intended to reveal holistically the existence of the Barong Meeting while the \nprocess of modernization is taking place in Bali nowadays.  \n               Such a cultural phenomenon was investigated based on the problems formulated in \nseveral research questions.  (1) How is the Barong Meeting  performed at Pucak Padang Dawa \nTemple, Baturiti, Tabanan Regency?; (2) what ideology is referred to by the  Barong Meeting at \nPucak Padang Dawa Temple, Baturiti, Tabanan Regency?; (3) What does the Barong Meeting \nmean viewed from the socio cultural system  of the Balinese society? \n               By applying qualitative method and regarding the Barong Meeting as a multilayer \nentity, this study is intended to understand and analyze the ideology and meaning contained in \nthe Barong Meeting, which is believed to have centralistic strength making the cultures from \nvarious areas of Central Bali meet. The problems  were solved by applying some relevant \ntheories such as the theory of power relationship, the theory of religions, the theory of esthetics, \nand the theory of semiotics.  \n               Five important findings of this study are; Firstly, the Barong Meeting at Pucak Padang \nDawa Temple is a cultural event with religious, social and theatrical dimensions. Secondly, the \nBarong Meeting is an old religious ritual viewed from what is stated in Purana of the Luhur \nPucak Padang Dawa Temple. Such a Barong Meeting is still carried out by the society members \nat Bangli Village. Thirdly, the Barong Meeting is a cultural event covering the areas of Central \nBali such as Tabanan Regency, Negara Regency, Badung Regency, Gianyar Regency and Bangli \nRegency. Fourthly, the Barong Meeting is not an event which is habitually carried out but a \nritual ceremony which is dynamically repeated by absorbing innovations which still refer to the \nphilosophy and ethics of Hinduism, making it able to develop collective awareness respecting \ndiversity featuring the era\u2019s life. Fifthly, the Barong Meeting is a religious event realizing \nconcrete, real and direct actions based on Hindusm. Such a ritual ceremony densely containing \nartistic values emphasizes the dynamic relationship and integratedness of performance of arts \nand art performance in the cultural activities performed in Bali Hindu.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3120, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "68f48735-8cd8-400b-b3a5-2294d93635e8": {"__data__": {"id_": "68f48735-8cd8-400b-b3a5-2294d93635e8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3583", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "df5459c66b4c741579729d1a6db7d3aaf5e3bf9efcfcdf929c7c02d734cc06e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d4fc0846-3413-4a6d-a38f-6fcab440daa7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "7e75f14801b7010f68cb319e27301c1d15ca895439d7e3ca87023253019affae", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "81897207-e233-40bc-9dc6-1dc2b9261d95", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "68f59c1e1ee2a7f8c695561b943faaca6bccd3dfed6c6092b7691a3ecd4b383d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\n               What can be concluded in this study shows that the Barong Meeting at Pucak Padang \nDawa  Temple, Baturiti, Tabanan Regency, serves as an inviting and attending procession \ncovering the initial, the essence, and the end which is both centripetal and centrifugal. The \nideology referred to is worshipping, power, and performance. The integration of these three basic \nideas present ritual ceremony dimension, social activity, and art performance, making the Barong \nMeeting a multidimensional event. The Barong Meeting contains multilayer senses such as \nmagic religious, socio unifier, politics of authority, economics and esthetics.  \n \nKey word: Cultural event, Barong Meeting, Pucak Padang Dawa Temple \n \n \n \n\n \nINTRODUCTION \n\n \n               This dissertation investigates the \nBarong Meeting at Pucak Padang Dawa \nTemple, Baturiti, Tabanan in the perspective \nof cultural studies. Such a Barong Meeting \ninvolves barongs and rangdas which are \nrelated to each other and can be classified \ninto four types of relationships. They are (1) \nthe barongs which are made of the same \ntypes of wood; (2) the barongs which are \nmade by the same Sangging/Undagi (artist); \n(3) the barongs which acquire magic power \nfrom holy places called pasupati; and (4) the \nbarongs which are related to the temples  \nwhere they are worshipped. The Barong \nMeeting at Pucak Padang Dewa Temple \nalmost covers the four types of relationship.  \n               The meeting is continually done \nand is generally oriented towards and is \nbased on the aspects of philosophy, \nceremonies, and esthetics, and is enriched \nwith the local genius culture, that is, the \nsuperiority of local culture as the \nworshippers of Siwa Pasupati. The society \ngroups in Bali still believe that Pucak \nPadang Dawa Temple is able to unify the \nsocial differences and the diversity between \nCentral Bali and South Bali by carrying out \nthe Barong Meeting. Actually, the temple is \nbelieved by the Balinese society to be a holy \n\nplace where God in his manifestation as Siva \nPasupati is worshipped. It is the holy place, \nwhere the Gods occupying the barongs emit \nenergy to all aspects of life (Sudarsana, \n2002:8-12 and Sudiksa, 2007:27-28). \n               The ritual ceremonies, which are \nsplendidly carried out in Bali and the \nestablishment of various physical projects \nsuch as buildings and star hotels should have \nled the Balinese society to mokshartham \njagatithaya. The fact is that they are getting \nmore emotional and many serious fights \namong traditional villages and probably \namong families have taken place. This has \nmade the societies get farther from being \nhonest and straightforward in carrying out \nreligious ceremonies, and less interested in \ncarrying out religious rituals. Demand for \nmaterials, prestige, honor, fame and power \nhas been responsible for such a situation. \n               To keep glorifying the spirit of \ncarrying out religious ceremonies \n(beryadnya) and ritual values should be \nmused over, the religious teachings should \nbe applied, and so should the attitude of life \nand the way of life. Carrying out the Barong \nMeeting  at Pucak Padang Dawa Temple is \none of the ways in which such things can be \nrealized. This is interesting to investigate. \nThe reasons are that it is still unique and still \nconstitutes one strong socio cultural", "start_char_idx": 3125, "end_char_idx": 6491, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "81897207-e233-40bc-9dc6-1dc2b9261d95": {"__data__": {"id_": "81897207-e233-40bc-9dc6-1dc2b9261d95", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3583", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "df5459c66b4c741579729d1a6db7d3aaf5e3bf9efcfcdf929c7c02d734cc06e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "68f48735-8cd8-400b-b3a5-2294d93635e8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "89a82faee1163796320ec5a580e04674d3355f462ea5cdcd69dc5927f5f66eba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3d048cc4-bc23-4601-88ec-998047a124c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1e31a203da89863f024ffc5e8e739c779114720cb947eda5f6e1b79bf5d10581", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nconstellation in the Balinese society up to \nnow. The Barong Meeting has been one of \nthe ritual ceremonies functioning as the \nfortress for maintaining culture from \nglobalization. The Barong Meeting carried \nout contains dimensions of art rituals and \nritual arts, leading the community life to a \nstate of well-being. What is contained is \ninteresting to investigate and to reveal in this \nstudy. \n\n \nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n\n \n              The Barong Meeting at Pucak \nPadang Dawa Temple, Baturiti Village is a \ncultural event, which is based on three \nprinciple ideologies such as worshipping, \npower and performance. This is performed \nby employing various forms of offerings and \nrituals, involving sacred items, and reciting \nholy mantras.  The Barong Meeting has \nbeen done as a worshiping ritual in order to \nget in spiritual touch with God. In the \nperformance, the society members attending \nthe Barong Meeting tend to exhibit or show \nprestige, attraction, and beauty of the \nbarongs or rangdas they belong to. There \nhas been a vertical or horizontal relationship \nof power between the families in charge of \nthe temple and the local palace members. \nSuch a power is used as a political power \noriented toward humanity (Siswanta, 2006: \n21-23). To support the worshipping activity \nduring the Barong Meeting various art \nperformances are performed starting from \ngamelan (traditional music) art, dancing \nperformances, carving to artistic skill that \nare integrated in the ceremony. This has \nmade Barong Meeting an art ritual, that is to \nsay, a ritual ceremony which is full of art \nvalues, or an art ritual, that is to say, an art \nperformance which is full of rituals.  \n               Whether Barong Meeting is a ritual \nevent or an art event can be explained by the \n\ntheory of rituals and performances offered \nby Richard Schehner, an American theatre \nexpert.  In his theory, Shechner (1976: 207) \nstates that both rituals and theatres give \npriority to efficacy and entertainment \nrespectively. However, both worshiping \nrituals and performances cannot be \nseparated from power. \n               Based on this theory, Schehner \nstates that ritual ceremonies give more \npriority to   condition in which the doers get \npossessed by a spirit and or strength from \noutside. The onlookers believe in such \nstrength and play a role. On the other hand, \nperformances give more priority to \namusement, in which the onlookers are \ngenerally aware; in other words, they \nfunction as another element and the target, \nand they watch and appreciate. If this theory \nis applied in the Barong Meeting at Pucak \nPadang Dawa Temple, it will be clear that \nall the ritual ceremonies, despite full of arts, \nare performed to produce efficacy. Although \nsuch an efficacy frequently appears, our \nphysical eyes cannot view them. Behind the \nworshipping rituals and performances, \nwithout being recognized, there is an \nideology of power. Productive power exists \nin every community level (Barker, 2005: \n516). The community members involved are \nconvinced that efficacy will immediately \nappear from the ritual ceremonies conducted \nfor the Barong Meeting.  \n               The problems to be solved in this \nstudy are: 1) How is the Barong Meeting  \nconducted at Pucak Padang Dawa, Bangli \nVillage, Baturity District, Tabanan Regency; \n2) What ideology is referred to by the \nimplementation of the Barong Meeting at \nPucak Padang Dawa Temple, Bangli \nVillage, Baturity Distraict, Tabanan \nRegency; 3) What is the meaningfulness of \nthe Barong Meeting at Pucak Padang Dawa", "start_char_idx": 6496, "end_char_idx": 10077, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3d048cc4-bc23-4601-88ec-998047a124c2": {"__data__": {"id_": "3d048cc4-bc23-4601-88ec-998047a124c2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3583", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "df5459c66b4c741579729d1a6db7d3aaf5e3bf9efcfcdf929c7c02d734cc06e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "81897207-e233-40bc-9dc6-1dc2b9261d95", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "367a867c24e74627d73fa77f22dde69b67893f31bb5feb266b3e85be223f1432", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "db595aff-f57e-465d-950e-6cbb88d61a86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7fc4197a2f449b459a1f9912243b3411648c97a95e831ca9ffdfe5ff11bcd845", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\nTemple, Bangli Village, Baturity District, \nTabanan Regency? \n               The general objective of this study \nis to understand that  the Barong Meeting at \nPucak Padang Dawa Temple, Bangli \nVillage, Baturity District, Tabanan Regency \nis a particular cultural event if viewed from \nart and cultural point of view. In addition, \nthe other objective of this study is to \nunderstand the ideology which is referred to \nby or which is hidden behind why the \nBarong Meeting is carried out. It is \nunderstood as a centralistic power which can \nhegomonize the local worshippers\u2019 culture \nand various types of other barongs in \nCentral/South Bali. It is also to understand \nthe senses expressed by the symbols  \nemployed in the Barong Meeting at Padang \nDawa Temple, Bangli Village, Baturity \nDistrict, Tabanan Regency and its \nrelationship with the barongs available at \nevery village in Central and South Bali. The \nbarongs available at Pucak Padang Dawa \nTemple functions as the centre of centralistic \npower where pasupati is gifted. \n              The concepts used in this study, in \naccordance with the title of the study, are: 1) \nBarong Meeting; 2) Pucak Padang Dawa \nTemple, Baturity District, Tabanan \nRegency, and 3) Perspective of cultural \nstudies. In answering the problems stated \nabove, some relevant theories are employed. \nThey are: 1) Foucault\u2019s Theory of Power \nRelationship; 2) Sanderson\u2019s Theory of \nReligions; 3) Lyotard\u2019s Theory of Esthetics; \n4) Theory of Semiotics given by Marco \ndMarinis and Palmer.  \n              This study on the implementation \nof the Barong Meeting at Pucak Padang \nDawa Temple is planned to be a qualitative \nresearch with some different approaches. In \nthis study, the Barong Meeting is viewed as \na text that should be understood from its \ncontext, what belief is referred to, why and \n\nhow all those things are done. As expressed \nby the title of this study, it is conducted \nwithin the perspective of cultural studies, \nwhich in accordance with Parimartha (2005: \n3) should be understood as the study of \ncritics concerning human life that follows \nthe surrounding cultural values. \n              The main data employed are \nqualitative data supported by quantitative \ndata. The data sources of this study were the \nprimary data  derived from the \nimplementation of the Barong Meeting at \nPucak Pdang Dawa Temple, Baturiti \nDistrict, Tabanan Regency. What is covered \nare: the ritual implementation, the \npemangkus (those who are in charge of \nceremonies at a temple); the penyungsung of \nthe barong (those who are responsible for \nthe maintenance and performance of the \nbarongs) and those who payed attention to \nreligious rituals at Pucak Padang Dawa \nTempele. The secondary data were also \nemployed to support the primary data. The \nsecondary data were taken from research \nfindings, journals and literature relevant to \nthe title. \n               The informants were purposively \nselected, that is to say, the informants were \nchosen depending on the interests, the \nability and objectives that were intended to \nachieve. The informants selected were those \nwho were considered to know and \nunderstand deeply the matters related to the \nimplementation of the Barong Meeting at \nPucak Padang Dawa Temple, Baturiti \nDistrict and Tabanan Regency. The \ninstruments employed in this study were: \ninterview guidance and tape-recorder. The \ndata collection was done by: 1) Observation; \n2) Interview; Library Research; and 4) \nDocumentation Research. The data were \nanalyzed employing the following \ntechniques: 1) data interpretation; and 2)", "start_char_idx": 10082, "end_char_idx": 13680, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "db595aff-f57e-465d-950e-6cbb88d61a86": {"__data__": {"id_": "db595aff-f57e-465d-950e-6cbb88d61a86", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3583", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "df5459c66b4c741579729d1a6db7d3aaf5e3bf9efcfcdf929c7c02d734cc06e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3d048cc4-bc23-4601-88ec-998047a124c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "c50476878715aaa4af49b07e74781fc774b5e9a6f1a549e061c0960ffb177944", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "915bcb0e-bb23-4ac8-bb12-29ef4a86d093", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "48b1e9c76a46b693028cf645a9fa5efde315335a3614675de8e66b9be41c2eac", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\nqualitative correlation. The results are \ndescriptively and qualitatively presented.  \n               The implementation of the Barong \nMeeting, as a multidimentional cultural \nevent with a multilayer sense, will be \ncontinually maintained and keep developing. \nLike a theatrical perfor \nmance, the Barong Meeting employs \ndifferent materials with a number of \nsymbols and codes (deMarinis, 1993:1 -12). \nAlthough not exactly the same as what has \nbeen described previously, the Barong \nMeeting at Pucak Padang Dawa Temple, \nBaturity District, Tabanan Regency, keeps \ndeveloping. The reason is that such an event \nhas been able to unify and accommodate \nsocial diversity among the people who are \nresponsible for the maintenance and \nperformance of the Barong Meeting in \nCentral/South Bali. Such an event has been \nable to be one of the fortresses for \npreventing the Balinese culture from being \ndamaged by globalization, which has \ndisturbed the life of the Balinese society. In \nthis way, the spiritual greatness can be \nmaintained.  There are at least three \ntheoretical implications contributed by the \nfindings of this study to the development of \nknowledge. These implications highlight the \nview that the Barong Meeting at Pucak \nPadang Dawa Temple is a multidimentional \ncultural event. The three implications are: \n               Firstly, there is a power \nrelationship between Pucak Padang Dawa \nTemple, as the holy place where pasupati is \ngifted and the barongs available over \nCentral/South Bali. There is no knowledge \nwithout power and vice versa. This is \nbasically similar to the power relationship  \nstated by (Foucauld in Atmaja, 2006: 131). \nIn fact, power is available everywhere \nexpressing plurality or diversity in power. \nThe barongs acquiring pasupati from Pucak \nPadang Dawa Temple spread all over \n\nCentral/South Bali. It is recognized as a \npower which is religious-magic in nature. \nPlurality in culture is also recognized to be \norganized in every village where barongs are \navailable with their people who are \nresponsible for their maintenance and \nperformances. \n               Secondly, it is undergone, felt and \nunderstood that human beings are bound to \nGod who can give them physical and \nspiritual welfare. Every religion is believed \nby its followers to accept that they are bound \nto God through various ways of taught, \nespecially the implementation of rituals \n(Dojosantoso, 1986: 2-3) and Sanderson, \n1993: 553-555). In relation to this, Bellah \nalso states that religious ritual practices have \nbeen conducted by primitive, old, pre-\nmodern and modern religions (Bellah in \nARdika: 24-28). The religious strength in \nthe context of the implementation of the \nBarong Meeting at Pucak Padang Dawa \nTemple has slightly shifted, that is to say, \npreviously the ideology referred to was the \nideology of worshipping as the basis of the \nritual implementation. Now, apart from that, \nthe ideology of power and performance is \nalso referred to. However, the power \nexpressed has something to do with the \nattitude of showing off that still exists in the \ncorridor of the ethics and philosophy of \nHinduism.  \n               Thirdly, the Barong Meeting, as a \ncultural event, which is full of the attitude of \nshowing off, cannot be separated from \ntheatrical dimension (esthetics). Esthetics is \nunderstood to reveal beautiful, true and \nuseful things and morality (Paramita, 200: \n105-122 and Read, 2000: 2-5). In relation to \nthis, Lyotard also states that esthetics does \nnot only refer to what is seen and heard, but \nalso to things which cannot be presented in a \npresentation, revitalizing the differences \n(Lyotard in Yulianto, 2005: 127-144). This", "start_char_idx": 13685, "end_char_idx": 17387, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "915bcb0e-bb23-4ac8-bb12-29ef4a86d093": {"__data__": {"id_": "915bcb0e-bb23-4ac8-bb12-29ef4a86d093", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3583", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "df5459c66b4c741579729d1a6db7d3aaf5e3bf9efcfcdf929c7c02d734cc06e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "db595aff-f57e-465d-950e-6cbb88d61a86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "b4d8170df8e121c74f3d235c7b830bf6c06fc1f09230634e4b092b64e697dae5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "20821503-dd81-44ec-9a1f-3082971fd1bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ccebe332615e60ef421370f66cdb1634f4092449566909a6ddafe4966515c1fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\nseems to be in line with the implementation \nof the Barong Meeting at Pucak Padang \nDawa Temple, in which the esthetics is \nintegrated in the worshipping ideology, \npower and performances expressed behind \nboth the art rituals and ritual arts, making \nthe participants of the Barong Meeting, who \ncome from cultural areas in Central  \nBali and South Bali,  hegomonized. Such \nawareness develops acknowledgment and \ncelebrates social differences among the \npenyungsung (people who are responsible \nfor the performance and maintenance of the \nBarongs).  \n                 \n\nNOVELTIES \n \n\n               The research novelties concerning \nthe Barong Meeting at Pucak Padang Dawa \nTemple, Baturity District, Tabanan Regency \nare: 1) Pucak Padang Dawa Temple, where \nthe Barong Meeting is carried out, has a \nmagic religious position functioning as the \nritual center for Barong pasupati. The \ntemple functions as the place where the \nBarong Meeting is carried out. It involves \nand influences the spirituality degree of the \nbarongs in Bali through the centralistic, \ncentripetal and decentralized centrifugal \nprocess. The implementation of the meeting \nstrengthens the collective agricultural \nsociety\u2019s awareness in Bali which respects \ncultural diversity and has high solidarity \namong the penyungsung (the people who are \nresponsible for the Barong maintenance and \nperformance. 2) The Barong Meeting at \nPucak Padang Dewa Temple is an old Hindu \nreligious ritual event. Based on the Purana \nof Luhur Pucak Padang Dawa Temple, such \na meeting appeared during Shri Jaya Sakti\u2019s \nreign in Bali and was inherited by Puri Gede \nMarga Tabanan (a palace) and has been \nmaintained up to now. Then after Indonesia \nwas independent, the Barong Meeting was \n\ncontinued by the government of Bangli \nVillage, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency \nand was carried out once in 210 days, that is, \nevery Budha Kliwon Pahang based on the \ndresta (norm) and the calculation of \nBalinese calendar. While the ritual is \nperformed at Pucak Padang Dawa Temple, \nBangli Village, Baturiti District and \nTabanan Regency, various symbols in the \nform of ritual ceremonies are carried out. \nSuch activities are integrated in the Barong \nMeeting. Such a Barong Meeting is the \nbiggest Barong ritual procession in Bali \ninvolving  between 50 and 60 Barongs and \neach barong is accompanied by 2 (two) \nrangdas. Such a Barong Meeting, which is \nmultidimentional in nature, will be the \nobject of the comparative study done by the \nresearchers on Barong Meetings in Bali. It is \nhoped that this study will enrich the \nknowledge treasury in cultural studies. 3). \nSuch a religious ritual event covers such a \nwide cultural area that it includes various \nareas and people who are responsible for the \nmaintenance and performance of the \nbarongs (penyungsung) in Central Bali and \nSouth Bali, making it the biggest ritual \nprocession in Bali. The people who are \ninvolved in the implementation of the \nBarong Meeting make use of this \nopportunity to maintain vertical and \nhorizontal communication. Vertical \ncommunication means the commu nication \nbetween the people and God and horizontal \ncommunication means the communication \namong the people and fellow beings in the \nuniverse. It appears that the tapakan Barong \nat Pucak Padang Dawa Temple synergies \nwith the tapakan Barong at Natar Sari \nApuan Temple and  that at Pucak Kembar \nPacung Temple, building a social \nrelationship in the form of a gold triangle of \nthe communities functioning as the center of \nthe strength of penyungsung tapakan.", "start_char_idx": 17392, "end_char_idx": 20965, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "20821503-dd81-44ec-9a1f-3082971fd1bb": {"__data__": {"id_": "20821503-dd81-44ec-9a1f-3082971fd1bb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3583", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "df5459c66b4c741579729d1a6db7d3aaf5e3bf9efcfcdf929c7c02d734cc06e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "915bcb0e-bb23-4ac8-bb12-29ef4a86d093", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "3a25677628356b78e028e9d5b70634246a25667b8c68ad636404b655c8c94ca9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6166f750-3408-497d-8d45-2139f0ad8f82", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ca5ababe1ab5f039933af514a32ccf9355b8794d8a3f4f5e5d956927095dca61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\n(Penyungsung means the people who are \nresponsible for the maintenance and \nperformance of the barong and tapakan \nrefers to the barong itself). Such a social \nrelationship has been a means for unifying \nthe people in Central and South Bali who \nsimilarly have the strength of Siva Pasupati. \n4) The implementation of the Barong \nMeeting is always adjusted to changes of the \nera. It is clear that such a ritual is not only a \nrepetition which is regularly done, no matter \nhow big the ritual is. It can be small, \nmedium and big. It is a religious ritual event \nthat keeps growing dynamically by \nabsorbing new things that are always based \non the ethics and philosophy of Hinduism in \nBali. 5). The Barong Meeting is a cultural \nphenomenon expressing concrete, real and \ndirect realization of Hinduism. In this ritual \nthe community members who are \nresponsible for the maintenance and \nperformance of the Barong) perform a \nnumber of symbols such as prayers, puja \nmantra (mantra recital), positions of the \nbody, hands and feet, and music. Such \nsymbols are supported by various types of \nofferings that highlight their forms as art \nperformances and performance arts. 6). The \nvillagers at Bangli Village, Baturity District \nand Tabanan Regency believe that the \nBarong Meeting at Pucak Padang Dawa \nTemple has spiritual power coming from \nSiva Pasupati. Such a power is able to move \nand unify he social differences among the \npenyungsung of the barongs from all over \nCentral/South Bali. It is clear that this \nactivity strengthens the dialogic meeting \namong the penyungsung and also functions \nas a holy offering to the universe. \n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n \n                Based on the Purana of Pucak \nPadang Dawa Temple, the Barong Meeting \n\nis a worshipping ritual ceremony purifying \nthe universe. Such a universe purification \nceremony is integrated through the strength \nof the gold triangle: the three temples \nincludes Pucak Padang Dawa Temple, \nPucak Kembar Pacung Temple, and Natar \nSari Apuan Temple. They all glorify the \ntapakan Barong Nawa Sanggha in the form \nof Barong Kedingkling describing the \nleaders at the Ramayana epos. The meeting \nprocession includes three parts; initial \nprocession, the essence, and the end or the \nclosing. All the three parts contain the \nprocessions forwarding religious rituals such \nas centripetal movements which move to the \ncenter, and centrifugal movements which \nspread  and get far from the center, that is, \nPucak Padang Dawa Temple. \n              The main ideologies referred to the \nBarong Meeting include: worship ping idea, \npower and performances. The worshipping \nidea is expressed through the prayers, \nofferings and worshipping of the strength of \nSiva Pasupati. The idea of power is viewed \nfrom the power of the people who are in \ncharge of the temple in mobilizing and \norganizing both formal and informal \ninstitutions in some areas of Central  Bali \nand South Bali in order to centralize the \nimplementation of the Barong Meeting at \nPucak Padang Dawa Temple. The idea of \nperformances is realized by exhibiting or \nshowing off the prestige, attraction, and \nbeauty of the barongs and rangdas \nperformed by the community members \naround Pucak Padang Dawa Temple to \n\u201cshow off\u201d the strength of Siva Pasupati. \nThe integration of the three ideologies has \nmade the Barong meeting as an art ritual, \nthat is, to say, an art ritual that is full of art \nvalues, or an art ritual with various art \nattractions related to Hinduism in Bali. \n               The Barong Meeting at Pucak \nPadang Dawa Temple has a multilayer", "start_char_idx": 20970, "end_char_idx": 24574, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6166f750-3408-497d-8d45-2139f0ad8f82": {"__data__": {"id_": "6166f750-3408-497d-8d45-2139f0ad8f82", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3583", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "df5459c66b4c741579729d1a6db7d3aaf5e3bf9efcfcdf929c7c02d734cc06e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "20821503-dd81-44ec-9a1f-3082971fd1bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "2452f3b9c960f46a711fa7f5aedf2da5fc142d876a8d02fc039db1113b3905d4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "912de8b2-d216-4206-9afd-a5463228238b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f29a606b423562d4b7a93a8a65d6d4f21c4b383b39c9674fff983a01b175560c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7 \n \n\nsense, that is to say, it has magic religious, \nsocial, political, esthetic, and economic \nsense. In the magic religious level, the \nBarong Meeting will still be the center of \nspiritual activities that highlights that Hindu \nBali followers still believe in the strength of \nSiva Pasupati. In the social level, it is shown \nthat the Barong Meeting will still always be \nan event in which social interaction takes \nplace among the community members \ncoming from various areas in Central/South \nBali.  At the same time, it will be able to \nstrengthen high solidarity and to appreciate \ndiversity celebrating differences. In the \ntheatrical level, the Barong Meeting will be \na colossal theatrical attraction. Nothing can \ncompete with it in functioning as the fortress \nfor maintaining the Balinese culture now \nand in the future. In the political level, the \nBarong Meeting integrates the power of \ntraditional institutions such as banjar,  \npenyungsung  of the Barongs (penyung sung \nmeans a group of people who is responsible \nfor the maintenance and performance of a \nbarong), pengemong pura (a group of \nfamilies who are responsible for the \nmaintenance of a temple and the ceremonies \nconducted in it), and the power of the local \ngovernment. In the economic level,   the \nBarong Meeting can create a market that \nsupports and makes what is needed available \nfor the implementation of the rituals both \nperformed  as  worshipping activities and as \nperformances at various areas or centralized \nat Pucak Padang Dawa Temple.  \n               The suggestions provided are as \nfollows : 1) to the community which carries \nout the Barong Meeting it is suggested that \nthey should avoid everything that can \nchange the Barong Meeting into a riot that \ncan degrade spiritual values of the meeting \nitself. It is also suggested that such an \nactivity is continually carried out as a \nreligious ritual event, making it function as a \n\nmeans for realizing collective awareness, \nspirituality and unifying Hindu Bali \nfollowers that live in diversity. 2) to the \ngovernment of Tabanan Regency and Bali \nProvince, it is suggested that the people who \nare involved in performing this event should \nbe morally and materially supported, \nconsidering that  this ritual involves the \ncommunities in Central Bali and South Bali. \nThis highlights that the maintenance of the \ntemple is the responsibility of all Hindu Bali \nfollowers. \n \n\nACKNOWLEDGMENTS \n \n               In this opportunity I would like to \nexpress my great thanks and appreciation to \nProf. Dr. I Wayan Dibia, S.S.T., MA, as my \nPromoter, Prof. Dr. A.A. Gde Putra Agung, \nSU., as my First Co-Promoter, and Prof. Dr. \nI Made Suastika, SU as my Second Co-\nPromoter, who have thoroughly and  \npatiently given me guidance starting from \nproposal writing  until the last process of \ncompleting this dissertation report.  \n          I would also like to deliver my \nappreciation to the Dissertation Examination \nBoard, all the lecturers at the Post-Graduate \nProgram of Cultural Studies  Udayana \nUniversity Denpasar, who have given me \ngreat ideas, great knowledge, perception, \nand wide area of the cultural studies. My \ngreat thanks also go to the Head of Post-\nGraduate Program of Cultural Studies \nUdayana University, who has given me a \nchance to persue my study and to complete \nthis dissertation. I would also like to extend \nmy sincere thanks to the Rector of ISI \nYogyakarta for his permit that I can attend \nthe Doctorate Program in Cultural Studies at \nUdayana University. I would also like to \ndeliver my high appreciation to all those \nwho have motivated, supported and prayed", "start_char_idx": 24579, "end_char_idx": 28225, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "912de8b2-d216-4206-9afd-a5463228238b": {"__data__": {"id_": "912de8b2-d216-4206-9afd-a5463228238b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3583", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "df5459c66b4c741579729d1a6db7d3aaf5e3bf9efcfcdf929c7c02d734cc06e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6166f750-3408-497d-8d45-2139f0ad8f82", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "56f3a0289efe955302e3a84a43f0c35badc3725846e1067da68e29cc26042edc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c3f002fa-8325-425a-abb3-437ba9f3470b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "38004b46e166cdfc7462f7d218d921f20d7845537025160ef24ab91658b2a70f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8 \n \n\nfor me, making this dissertation well \ncompleted. \n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n   \nAlthusser, Lowis. 2004. Tentang Ideologi: \n\nMarxsisme Struktu ralis, \nPsikoanalisis, Cultural Studies. \nYogykarta: Jalasutra. \n\n \nArdika, I Wayan. 2006. \u201cMembangun \n\nBudaya Rohani Pada Suatu \nPeradaban\u201d,  dalam Membangun \nBudaya Rohani Menuju Keluhuran \nBudi. Denpasar: Sekretariat Daerah \nBiro Bina Kesejahteraan dan \nPemberdayaan Perempuan Provinsi \nBali. \n\n \nBandem, I Made and Frederik Eugene \n\ndeBoer. 1981. Kaja and Kelod \nBalinese Dance in Transition. Kuala \nLumpur: Oxford Univer sity Press. \n\n \nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies: Teori \n\ndan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Bentang. \n \nBelo, Jane. 1949. Bali: Barong and Rangda. \n\nLocost Valley NY: Augustin. \n \nDibia, I Wayan. 1985. \u201cOdalan of Hindu \n\nBali: A Religious Festival, a Social \nOccasion, and a Theatrical Event\u201d, \ndalam Asian Theatre Journal. \nAmerican: University and College \nTheatre, American Theatre \nAssociation \n\n \nEliade, Mercea. 2002. The Sacred and the \n\nProfane \u201cSakral dan Profan\u201d (tjm. \nNuwanto) Jogjakarta: Fajar Pustaka \nBaru. \n\n \n\nEiseman, Jr., Fred B. 1990. Bali Sekala and \nNiskala. Volome I and II. Berkeley \nCalifornia: Periolus Editions, Inc. \n\n \nGeertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpre tation \n\nof Cultures. New York: Basic Book, \ninc. Publishers. \n\n \nHolt, Claire. 1967. Art in Indonesia: \n\nContinuities and Change, Ithaca, \nNew York Cornell University Press, \n(translation R.M. Soedar sono, \nMelacak Jejak Perkem bangan Seni \ndi Indonesia,  (2000). Bandung:  \nMSPI. \n\n \nMarinis, Marco de. 1993. The Semioties of \n\nPerformance. Bloomington and \nIndianapolis: Indiana Univer sity \nPress. \n\n \nPandji, IGB Nyoman. 1975/1976. Barong Di \n\nBali Ditinjau dari Segi Rituil dan \nPerkem bangannya sebagai Seni \nPertunjukan. Denpasar: Proyek \nSasana Budaya Bali, Art Center. \n\n \nParamadita, Leo. 2005. \u201cTeori Estetika\u201d, \n\ndalam Teks-Teks Kunci Filsafat Seni. \nYogyakarta: Galang Press. \n\n \nSanderson, Stephen K. 1993. Sosiologi \n\nMakro: Sebuah Pendekatan \nTerhadap Realitas Sosial. Jakar ta: \nRajawali Perss. \n\n \nSchechner, Richard. 1976. Ritual, Play, and \n\nPerformance: Readings in the Social \nSciences Theatre. New York: The \nSeabury Press. \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n9 \n \n\nSudarsana, I Ketut. 1997. \u201cKutara Kandha \nPurana Pura Pucak Padang Dawa\u201d \nTabanan: Desa Bangli Kecamatan \nBaturiti Tabanan-Bali. \n\n \n\nSudiksa, IB. 2007. \u201cBanaspatiraja: Energi \nSiwa\u201d, dalam Majalah Kebudayaan \nBali Taksu.  Denpasar: PT Bali \nTaksu Media.", "start_char_idx": 28230, "end_char_idx": 30696, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c3f002fa-8325-425a-abb3-437ba9f3470b": {"__data__": {"id_": "c3f002fa-8325-425a-abb3-437ba9f3470b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "912de8b2-d216-4206-9afd-a5463228238b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3583", "author": "Dana, I Wayan; Dibia, I Wayan; Putra Agung, A.A. Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " BARONG MEETING AT PUCAK PADANG DAWA TEMPLE BATURITI TABANAN REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3583.pdf"}, "hash": "f9d52e83823e347f0b0b836851b3b1f8c4b7285da606067f1a33322d30bc58aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "205fea00-b6ce-46fa-ab02-00009b0e0bb4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d3edd996d8073179792e336ae973842644e0a844ef5f879c3cacf0306632e7ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Wayan Gede Suacana\n\n\n1 \n\nDEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION   \nIN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE  \n\nIN THE TRANSITION ERA:  \nA CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE \n\n \n \n\nI Wayan Gede Suacana1 , I Gde Paramartha2,  \nIda Bagus Gde Yudha Triguna3, Made Pasek Diantha4 \n\n \n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n3Hindu University of Indonesia \n\n4Faculty of Law, Udayana University \nE-mail: iwayangedesuacana@gmail.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n This study discusses \u201cDemocra cy and Autonomy Transformation in the \nGovernance of Mengwi Village in the Transition Era: A Cultural Studies \nPerspective\u201d. The problem investigated was the shift in the nation\u2019s approach to the \npolicy of villages after the reign of New Order.  In this era, the policy of \ndemocratization and decentralization appeared till the village level. However, the \npolicy was not totally implemented in the villages. The aims of this study are: to \ndescribe democracy transformation in the village governance in the transition era, to \nclarify autonomy transformation in the village governance in the transition era, and to \nanalyze the implication and the sense of democracy and autonomy transfor mation to \nthe development of village governance.  \n This study was conducted employing qualitative method. Various forms of \ndemocracy and autonomy transformation in the village governance took place during \nthe transition era. In the first stage, the primary and secondary data were collected. In \nthe second stage, the theory applied for examining the data was chosen, and in the \nthird stage, the collected and classified data were analyzed and interpreted. In the \nfourth stage the results of the study were reported and constructed. The theories \napplied in this study include; democracy, political democracy, substantial democracy, \ndecentrali zation and political culture. The approaches applied were Tranpolitic and \npost-structuralism.  \n The results of the study showed that; first, the village democracy in the first \ntransition era (1998-1999) was mostly still uniform, and there were not many choices \nin the implementation of the village democracy. The village autonomy was still \nblocked in centralistic pattern, homogeneous with hierarchical structure. Second, in \nthe second transition era (2000-2004) the role of the village representatives became so \ndemocratic accompanied by the extended village autonomy. Third, in the third \ntransition era (2005-2008) democracy became retransformed to the procedural pattern \naccompanied by the strengthening of supra village government power  decreasing the \nautonomy of the villages. Fourth, democracy and autonomy transformation \ncontributed to the demand for the strengthening of democracy institutions, better \ncommunity participation and more accountable public services, transparence and", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2921, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "205fea00-b6ce-46fa-ab02-00009b0e0bb4": {"__data__": {"id_": "205fea00-b6ce-46fa-ab02-00009b0e0bb4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c3f002fa-8325-425a-abb3-437ba9f3470b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "4afae0d65372016fafe65c7d601e06f2bf40ae697810ade9575d71c7cbda44db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "02002f73-b091-43f6-9312-6eec7bccd1a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fbbba3dd7feb8ad8062548f18f565ec970b5fb8b4dc8db357ac8d3005b62c322", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\n\nresponsiveness to what was needed by the people. Fifth, democracy and village \nautonomy transformation, in addition to having the sense of involving the active \nparticipation of the society in the village governance, also had the sense of \nstrengthening the civil and political society in every village social organization which \nactualized what was needed by the society. This condition at the same time \nfunctioned as the responses to nation\u2019s hegemony through the supra village \ngovernment which took place until the first transition era. \n \nKey word: democracy and autonomy transformation, supra village power relation, \n\ndynamic of village governance, cultural studies.   \n \n \n \n\n \nINTRODUCTION \n\n \n  This study discusses \u201cDemocra \n\ncy and Autonomy Transformation in \n\nthe Governance of Mengwi Village in \n\nthe Transition Era: A Cultural Studies \n\nPerspective\u201d. To understand this \n\nmatter, the forms of village governan \n\nce starting from the end of the reign of \n\nNew Order were investigated. During \n\nthe transition era which started from \n\n1998, there was a shift in government \n\nfrom the one oriented toward the \n\nnation to that oriented toward the \n\nsociety, from the authoritarian to \n\negalitarian and from government to \n\ngovernance. This condition was \n\naccompanied by the policy of \n\nimplementing democratization and \n\ndecentralization up to the village level \n\nwhich shifted the pattern of power \n\nrelationship between the central-\n\nregional government and the village \n\ngovernment.  \n\n However, some problems \n\nemerged in the implementation of the \n\npolicy especially that in the village \n\nlevel. There were some gaps among \n\nrealities (das sollen), and there were \n\nsome problems in regard to the \n\nrelationship of the dual village system \n\nand what was expected  (das sein), that \n\nis, the realization of  governance in the \n\nvillage level, and it is these which have \n\nencouraged me to  carry out this study.  \n\nThe particular problem investigated \n\nwas democracy and autonomy \n\ntransformation in the village level \n\nwhich took place during the transition \n\nera \u2013 the era after the reign of New \n\nOrder collapsed (1998-2008). There \n\nare three main research problems in \n\nthis study. First, how democracy was \n\ntransformed in the village governance \n\nin the transition era; Second, how the \n\nautonomy transition took place in the \n\nvillage governance in the transition", "start_char_idx": 2927, "end_char_idx": 5318, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "02002f73-b091-43f6-9312-6eec7bccd1a6": {"__data__": {"id_": "02002f73-b091-43f6-9312-6eec7bccd1a6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "205fea00-b6ce-46fa-ab02-00009b0e0bb4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "0d9df8f19a587ead11dc318337181daca7fa8400ac9a9a5780b74d69e4d79478", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0f5e7287-e71a-4c69-943d-0b644d770fbd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f613685742f39ba1de6c8389ae3595b7394fff91507c6c1d0e130cb19f695ce0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\n\nera; and third, what was the \n\nimplication and sense of the \n\ndemocracy and autonomy \n\ntransformation to the development of \n\nvillage governance.  \n\n Generally, the aims of this \n\nstudy are; to describe the democracy \n\nand autonomy transformation  in the \n\ngovernance of Mengwi village in the \n\ntransition era; to clarify the extended \n\nmanagement process of the village \n\ngovernance through the involvement \n\nof the stakeholders in the social and \n\npolitical aspects as well as the utility of \n\nthe natural resources and the finance of \n\nthe villages; and to analyze the \n\napplication of transparency principles, \n\naccountability, and participation in the \n\nimplementation of the village \n\ngovernance directed to what is needed \n\nby  the society. Specifically, this study \n\naims at:  describing the democracy \n\ntransformation and the village \n\ngovernance in the transition era; \n\nsecond, clarifying the autonomy \n\ntransformation in the village \n\ngovernance in the transition era; and \n\nthird, analyzing the implication and the \n\nsense of democracy transformation and \n\nvillage autonomy to the development \n\nof governance.  \n\n Academically,  this study has \n\nsome benefits: first, it is able to  \n\ndiscover a broader thinking frame \n\nwork concerning the village \n\ngovernance with its democracy and \n\nautonomy transformation  directed to \n\nthe implementation of transparency \n\nprinciples, accountability and \n\nparticipation; second, to contribute a \n\nnew way of thinking  in the \n\nmanagement of  good and democratic \n\nvillage governance, and to contribute \n\nto  the development of cultural studies; \n\nand third, to build the basis for  further \n\nresearches on   democracy and \n\nautonomy transformation  in the \n\nvillage governance by applying the  \n\nperspective of cultural studies.   \n\n Furthermore, practically, this \n\nstudy is beneficial to the village \n\ngovernment elements and all the \n\nstakeholders, such as the village heads \n\nand the village representatives (BPD). \n\nThe civil society will able to know its \n\nresponsibilities and functions by \n\nimplementing transparency principles, \n\nparticipation, accountability, and \n\nresponsibilities in order to develop the \n\nvillage governance.", "start_char_idx": 5324, "end_char_idx": 7518, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0f5e7287-e71a-4c69-943d-0b644d770fbd": {"__data__": {"id_": "0f5e7287-e71a-4c69-943d-0b644d770fbd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "02002f73-b091-43f6-9312-6eec7bccd1a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "9d5136851c8d01738875cae32ab3b374b6599a7f552579805455ad1a5712ab48", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ac1aeb59-d46b-48e1-8202-11d9142e5b33", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a864728ad9d01858a27032205a838c2a1d98cca6fa6d38ef8b7b4b974dd03b07", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n\n \n\n This study applied qualitative \n\nresearch method which illustrates \n\ndemocracy and autonomy transfor \n\nmation in the village governance in the \n\ntransition era. Various forms of \n\ndemocracy and autonomy transfor \n\nmation with their implication and the \n\nsense in the development of the village \n\ngovernment were investigated. First, \n\nprimary and secondary data were \n\ncollected, and second,   the appropriate \n\ntheories were chosen for analyzing the \n\ndata. Third, the selected data were \n\nselected and interpreted, and fourth, \n\nthe process of writing the report and \n\nconstructing all the study results was \n\ndone. In order to achieve the goal, \n\nvarious theories were applied such as; \n\ndemocracy theory, political \n\ndemocracy, substantial democracy, \n\ndecentralization theory, and political \n\ncultural theory.   \n\n In order to know the results of \n\nthis study, the explanation is as \n\nfollows: first, from the analysis of \n\ntransition era based on the normative \n\nand sociological criteria which was \n\nfocused on the early  transition era, \n\nthat is,  from  the end of the reign of \n\nthe New Order  (1998) to the next \n\ngovernment and the characteristic of \n\npower relationship between the supra \n\nvillage government and the  villages \n\nmanifested in the  legislation \n\ncontrolling characteristic, the reality of \n\nthe era transition can be divided into \n\nthree. The first transition era (1998-\n\n1999) still left the strength of the \n\ncentral influence and standardization \n\nof   the  village government \n\nmanagement and it was the end of the \n\nimplementation of the regulations  \n\nnumber 5/1979 concerning the village \n\ngovernment; the second transition era \n\n(2000-2004) was the peak of the  \n\npolitical liberalities when a wide \n\nautonomy for the regions and villages \n\nwas provided  by implementing the \n\nregulations number  22/1999 \n\nconcerning  regional government; and \n\nin the third transition era (2005-2008) \n\nthere was a tendency to rearrange \n\nsome  rights for the regions  and \n\nvillages by the central government by \n\nimplementing the regulations  number \n\n32/2004 concerning the regional \n\ngovernment and regulation number \n\n72/2005 concerning villages. \n\n Second, from the analysis of \n\ndemocracy transformation in the \n\nvillage governance, in reality, the \n\nvillage democracy in the first transition", "start_char_idx": 7533, "end_char_idx": 9887, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ac1aeb59-d46b-48e1-8202-11d9142e5b33": {"__data__": {"id_": "ac1aeb59-d46b-48e1-8202-11d9142e5b33", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0f5e7287-e71a-4c69-943d-0b644d770fbd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "8bdee0e5341ffa0f31667c1d73b9aa2a8ab3b8a52e1a06ea4529d105170a1524", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "be5ba8a4-a372-44ad-9b5b-55da961834c1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "26f50e8676f98694024f880e48843001206662fdf6dabfbd339fd5be83317b20", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nera was authoritarian-leviathan; there \n\nwere not many choices in the \n\nimplementation of the village \n\ndemocracy. The term, structure, \n\nfunction and mechanism in conducting \n\nthe village government had been \n\nstandardized. The paradigm of the \n\nauthoritarian political arrangement did \n\nnot give sufficient chance for diversity \n\nin pattern and management of the \n\nvillage government to emerge. In the \n\nsecond transition era, a basic shift \n\noccurred toward Lilliputian-\n\nLibertarian by replacing the village \n\nconsultation body which previously \n\nhad corporative characteristic with the \n\nmonolithic power in the village head \n\nwith the Village Representative Body \n\n(BPD-1 = Badan Perwakilan Desa) \n\nwhich was much more democratic so it \n\ncould produce a more equal relation of \n\npower.   This condition increased the \n\nfreedom of the villages to be more \n\ncreative in arranging the village policy \n\nwhich was adapted to the tradition, the \n\nneed and aspiration of the community. \n\nEntering the third transition era, the \n\nvillage democracy was retransformed \n\nto the pattern of procedural-\n\ndemocracy, that is, the reorganization \n\nof the institutional system and the \n\nprocess of democracy by   forming a \n\nnew institution called the Village \n\nConsultation Board  (BPD-2 = Badan \n\nPermusyawarahan Desa) whose  \n\nfunction was weaker than that of BPD-\n\n1).  \n\n Third, from the analysis of the \n\nautonomy transformation  in the \n\nvillage governance,  the village \n\nautonomy in the first transition era was \n\nstill  centralistic \u2013 homogeneity which \n\nwas constrained by centralistic pattern, \n\nhomogenized by hierarchical structure  \n\nmaking  it difficult to keep it beyond \n\nthe system previously determined  by \n\nthe central government. Such a \n\ncondition made it difficult to manage \n\nthe village governance which still \n\nreferred to dualistic pattern. In the \n\nsecond transition era, there was \n\nautonomy transformation which was \n\ncentralistic \u2013 heterogeneity in which a \n\nwider autonomy was delivered to the \n\nvillage level. Previously, the service \n\naspects were de-concentrated on the \n\nvillage heads, while the strategic \n\ndecision making related to villages was \n\nstill concentrated in Jakarta.   \n\nTransformation from the power of \n\ncentralization to decentralization took \n\nplace by developing the village \n\ngovernance based on plurality, \n\nparticipation, true autonomy, democra", "start_char_idx": 9893, "end_char_idx": 12289, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "be5ba8a4-a372-44ad-9b5b-55da961834c1": {"__data__": {"id_": "be5ba8a4-a372-44ad-9b5b-55da961834c1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ac1aeb59-d46b-48e1-8202-11d9142e5b33", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "78dfc23d8a663a8d11ec6d5302acbf4d837e765103b94e7d8df6a5e1f789a3c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "697ea258-1e50-4cf1-9fa0-a4b2d005f271", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3c823bd285df5f8a5208899a1b50433f7438c47a63cd7046d017393cf96c321c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\ncy, empowerment of the society. In the \n\nthird transition era, the village \n\nautonomy was re-transformed toward \n\nthe form of heterogeneity-decentralist \n\nwith the strong controlling power of \n\nthe state via the supra-village \n\ngovernment over the villages through \n\nthe policy on the villages especially in \n\nterms  of formation, deletion, merging, \n\narrangement of the village government \n\nand leaders, village finance and  \n\ndevelopment. All of them were \n\nconducted by the regency government \n\nofficials determined through the \n\nregional policy referring to the central \n\ngovernment policy. \n\n Fourth, from the analysis of the \n\nimplication of the democracy and \n\nautonomy transformation,  there were \n\nclaims that the democracy institutions \n\nbe strengthened, that the society \n\nparticipation be improved,  that  more \n\ntransparent public services be created, \n\nand that accountability and \n\nresponsiveness  toward what was \n\nneeded by the village society be \n\nneeded. The village government does \n\nnot run and control its own as it was \n\npractically done before, but it has been \n\ncontrolled and adapted to the condition \n\nof civil and political societies (BPD1 \n\nand BPD 2) which are active, \n\narticulative, and organized.  \n\nTransformation of democracy and \n\nautonomy means the implementation \n\nof the transparent principles, \n\naccountability, and participation in the \n\nvillage governance. The presence of \n\ncivil society organized in various \n\nvillage social organizations which dare  \n\narticulate what is needed by the  \n\nvillage society  is the feedback of the \n\nstate\u2019s hegemony taking place \n\npreviously. The village apparatus, \n\nespecially BPD 1, as political society \n\nhas acted as the mediating structure \n\nwhich translates the state\u2019s power in \n\nthe lowest level to become legally- \n\nbased government, that is, the \n\ntransformation from the rule of power \n\nto the rule of law. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH NOVELTY \n\n \n\n The novelty of this study: First, \n\ntransformation occurred from the \n\nnormative democracy which was \n\nauthoritarian-leviathan in the first \n\ntransition era to the substantial \n\ndemocracy which was libertarian-\n\nliliput in the second transition era. This \n\ncondition was followed by the \n\nminimization of the village \n\nbureaucratic domination which was", "start_char_idx": 12295, "end_char_idx": 14573, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "697ea258-1e50-4cf1-9fa0-a4b2d005f271": {"__data__": {"id_": "697ea258-1e50-4cf1-9fa0-a4b2d005f271", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "be5ba8a4-a372-44ad-9b5b-55da961834c1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "3fea57c15c114d582a98976c51b36b3da317ffc85dc8b6f27ae9b544614abd08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4aeb987e-3903-42d8-94b7-c295a4d89897", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "963eaafd216adb45e3748d24a09e4fdd487be0a82bca5ae2c9f3cfbe3bf56598", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\nthen equalized by the role of the \n\nVillage Representation Board (BPD-1 \n\nor the other village informal \n\ninstitutions, such as traditional banjar, \n\ntraditional villages, and youth \n\norganizations. The equality in roles \n\namong the institutions in the second \n\ntransition era was part of the social \n\nprinciples in which the participative \n\nvalues developed authentically.  \n\n Second, substantial democracy \n\nwhich was libertarian-lilliputi in the \n\nsecond transition era tended to be re-\n\ntransformed into the procedural \n\ndemocracy in the third transition era. \n\nThe existence of the Village \n\nRepresentative Board was replaced by \n\nthe Village Consultation Board as the \n\nnew legislative board in the villages. \n\nThe board still has the role of looking \n\nafter the tradition, with the village \n\nheads, producing the policies of the \n\nvillages, accommodating and \n\ndelivering the society\u2019s aspiration, and \n\ncontrolling the management of the \n\nvillage government, but it lacked the \n\nright of asking   the village heads for \n\ntheir responsibilities. \n\n Third, autonomy transfor \n\nmation occurred from that which was \n\ncentralistic-homogeny in the first \n\ntransition era into that which was \n\ndecentralization-heterogeneity in the \n\nsecond transition era. The perspective \n\nof governance which minimized the \n\nstate\u2019s power was then implemented \n\nby minimizing the government \n\nintervention in the livelihood of the \n\nvillage society. The society has a wide \n\nautonomy to manage itself because the \n\ngovernment role is restricted only as \n\nthe regulator and facilitator. There has \n\nbeen a kind of mechanism, practice \n\nand system of government, and the \n\nvillagers manage their resources and \n\nsolve the public problems emerging.          \n\nFourth, the decentralization-\n\nheterogeneity autonomy in the second \n\ntransition era was retransformed into \n\nthat which was centralistic-homogeny \n\nin the third transition era. The supra \n\nvillage government withdrew some of \n\nthe village autonomy rights making it \n\nunable to create such an atmosphere as \n\nit likes that it can facilitate  the \n\npolitical society in the village \n\nlegislative institution; the civil and \n\neconomic society in the village can \n\nsynergize with the village government.        \n\nFifth, the condition of the \n\ndemocracy and autonomy \n\ntransformation which was   dynamic-\n\nfluctuant in that transition strongly \n\ninfluenced the development of the", "start_char_idx": 14579, "end_char_idx": 17001, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4aeb987e-3903-42d8-94b7-c295a4d89897": {"__data__": {"id_": "4aeb987e-3903-42d8-94b7-c295a4d89897", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "697ea258-1e50-4cf1-9fa0-a4b2d005f271", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "fdd8b8c8458986d34a2ff33f22a6617abecbeed4c573b501b4b9bf68367bcf91", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f3053285-c536-4052-a699-293675359928", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "460dfa0e8905cd79dfe6e5557294a5a44b10522f71cb6210a15bb36551683b9f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\n\nvillage governance. The development \n\nof the village governance which had \n\nalready been good in the second \n\ntransition era became faint in the third \n\ntransition era in line with the role of \n\nthe supra village government, which \n\nwithin a certain limit\u2014though not as \n\ngreat and strong as in the first \n\ntransition\u2014had taken part in \n\nrestraining the progress of the \n\ndemocracy and autonomy \n\ntransformation of the villages.  It \n\nseemed that there was no consistency \n\nin commitment and political will of the \n\ngovernment to implement the policy of \n\ndemocracy and autonomy that \n\ncontributed to the realization of the \n\nvillage governance. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH CONCLUSION \n\n  \n\nThe conclusion of this research \n\nis that the democracy and autonomy \n\ntransformation in the village gover \n\nnance which is in the forms of \n\ntransparency principles, accountability \n\nand society participation commencing \n\nsince the end of the first transition era, \n\nreached its peak in the second \n\ntransition era, and restrained in the \n\ntransition era. The transformation of \n\nthe village democracy which is \n\nactually the changes in structure, \n\nfunction, mechanism of the village \n\ngovernment can be made more \n\ndemocratic by paying attention to the \n\ninstitutionalization of the political \n\nparticipation of the society, the \n\neffective control of the village \n\nrepresentative and critical strength, \n\ntransparency in the process of the \n\nvillage policy, and the accountability \n\ntoward the village society as the owner \n\nof the sovereignty.  Transformation of \n\nthe village autonomy means high \n\nrespect to the village duality, local \n\ngenius in the village, implementation \n\nof decentralization and to give \n\nauthority to the village to handle its \n\ncases which was originally its own \n\nrights in the frame of a united country. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n \n\nI would like to take this \n\nopportunity to express my great thanks \n\nto Prof. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, MA., as \n\nmy promoter, Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Gde \n\nYudha Triguna, MS. as co-promoter I \n\nand Prof. Dr. I Made Pasek Diantha, \n\nSH, MH., as co-promoter II who have \n\nattentively given me support, \n\nencouragement and guidance starting \n\nfrom the proposal writing to the last", "start_char_idx": 17007, "end_char_idx": 19220, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f3053285-c536-4052-a699-293675359928": {"__data__": {"id_": "f3053285-c536-4052-a699-293675359928", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4aeb987e-3903-42d8-94b7-c295a4d89897", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "e091770c403b6170e8d7160403c415a5eca56299c4529ce2da1cbef494b2b6da", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d8ba83d4-2d54-4a85-a0e1-60700f98f404", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1e3e7a68efe6b8eba5896b9f629d27edcc8514440f44f16be22abe96a495843d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8\n\nprocess of completing this dissertation \n\nreport. I would also like to deliver my \n\nhigh appreciation to the Directorate of \n\nHigher Education of the Department of \n\nNational Education who has granted \n\nme scholarship in the form of BPPS, \n\nBali Province Korpri Foundation of \n\nWarmadewa University, the Regional \n\nGovernment of Bangli District, Rector \n\nof Udayana University, Director of \n\nPost-Graduate Program Udayana \n\nUniversity and staff, and the Head of \n\nCultural Studies Doctorate Program of \n\nUdayana University and staff.      \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\n \n\nAlmond, Gabriel A., dan Verba, \nSidney, 1984. Budaya Politik: \nTingkah Laku Politik dan \nDemokrasi di Lima Negara, \nJakarta: Bina Aksara. \n\n  \nBennett, David (ed), 1993. Cultural \n\nStudies: Pluralism and Theory, \nMelbourne, Melbourne: Univer \nsity Literary and Cultural \nStudies, Volume 2 \n\n \nBerg, Bruce L. 1989. 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Politik Indonesia: \n\nTransisi Menuju Demokrasi, \nYogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\n \nGeriya, I Wayan, 2000. Transformasi \n\nKebudayaan Bali Memasuki \nAbad XXI, Denpasar: Dinas \nKebudayaan Propinsi Bali. \n\n \nHeld, David, 1987. Models of \n\nDemocracy, Cambridge: Polity \nPress. \n\n \nHolt, Claire (ed), 1972. Culture and \n\nPolitics in Indonesia, Ithaca \nand London: Cornell Universi \nty Press. \n\n  \nJackson, Karl D., and Pye, Lucian W. \n\n(eds), 1978. Poltical Power", "start_char_idx": 19226, "end_char_idx": 21464, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d8ba83d4-2d54-4a85-a0e1-60700f98f404": {"__data__": {"id_": "d8ba83d4-2d54-4a85-a0e1-60700f98f404", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "c03822cd2359083b51d5f4ce52c31b42bd3f3d6a959ca20fa7bbec1598367c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f3053285-c536-4052-a699-293675359928", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "8d6b18b2493af70439493125122879a5e442dfc7d9346587f7e5919b89ae4732", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "23d81b5b-bbed-40bf-8a5f-9e3433dd2cbd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bfdd2663029634edb5dda7c0a7288bae221154abe8b97d5d00e6ec9d541a632d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "9\n\nand Communications in \nIndonesia, Berkeley: Universi \nty of California Press. \n\n \nKarim, Abdul Gaffar, (ed), 2003. \n\nKompleksitas Persoalan Otono \nmi Daerah di Indonesia, \nYogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar \ndan Jurusan Ilmu Pemerintahan \nFisipol UGM. \n\n \nKautilya (Canakya), Made Astana dan \n\nCS Anomdiputro (penerj.), \n2003. Arthasastra, Surabaya, \nPenerbit Paramitha. \n\n \nMaddick, 1963. Democracy, Decentra \n\nlization and Development, \nBombay: India, Asia Publis \nhing House. \n\n \nMawhood, Philip, 1983. Local \n\nGovernment in The Third \nWorld, Chicester, UK: John \nWisley and Sons. \n\n \nNordholt, Henk Schulte, 2006. The \n\nSpell of Power: Sejarah Politik \nBali 1650-1940, Denpasar: \nPustaka Larasan. \n\n \nPiliang, Yasraf A., 2005. Transpo \n\nlitika: Dinamika Politik di \ndalam Era Virtualitas, Yogya \nkarta: Jalasutra. \n\n \nPowel, Jr, G. Bingham, 1982. Contem \n\nporary Democracies: Participa \ntion, Stability and Violence, \nCambridge: Mass., Harvad \nUniversity Press. \n\nRitzer, George, 1980. Sociology: A \nMultiple Paradigm Science, \nBoston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc. \n\n \nSaid, Mas\u2019ud, M., 2005. Arah Baru \n\nOtonomi Daerah di Indonesia, \nMalang: UMM Press. \n\nSantoso, Purwo dkk (ed), 2003. \nPembaharuan Desa Secara \nPartisipatif, Yogyakarta: \nProgram S2 Politik Lokal dan \nOtonomi Daerah UGM dan \nPustaka Pelajar. \n\n \nSmith, Brian, 1985. Decentralization, \n\nLondon UK: George Allen and \nUnwin \n\n \nSorensen, Georg, 2003. Demokrasi \n\ndan Demokratisasi: Proses dan \nProspek dalam Sebuah Dunia \nyang Sedang Berubah, Yogya \nkarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\n \nUhlin, Anders, 1995. Democracy and \n\nDiffusion: Transnational \nLesson-Drawing among \nIndonesian Pro-Democracy \nActors, Sweden: Departement \nof Political Science, Lund \nUniversity. \n\n \nWarren, Carol, 1993. Adat and Dinas: \n\nBalinese Communities in the \nIndonesian State, Kuala \nLumpur: Oxford University \nPress.", "start_char_idx": 21470, "end_char_idx": 23317, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "23d81b5b-bbed-40bf-8a5f-9e3433dd2cbd": {"__data__": {"id_": "23d81b5b-bbed-40bf-8a5f-9e3433dd2cbd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3589", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "16cc21d805058cff59e397fc32a8a37bfdfe9daf0fbeb0754f15911fffb4fc81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d8ba83d4-2d54-4a85-a0e1-60700f98f404", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3586", "author": "Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made", "title": " DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3586.pdf"}, "hash": "ddc1cf34b3d7f38f2256d8e2cd5bd40f3dc92a45ce2f31ec0167f037f24c0133", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "425e6314-0e64-4b67-aed6-c983bb34fb22", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8abadc1e804c37591f17681e5e90979a2a525618acb318086ef45762a142f3af", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E_journal_Harti_E_I sdh edit\n\n\n1 \n \n\nTOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: \nA COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF \n\nDAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA  \nSEBUAH KAPAL  \n\n \nSri Hartiningsih 1 ,  I Wayan Ardika2,  \n\nI Nyoman Kutha Ratna2, I Gde Paramartha2 \n \n\n1School for Graduate Study, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nE-mail: malangharti2001@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Travelling has occurred since a long time ago. Travelling is not only done by men but \nalso by women. In relation to travelling, travelling done by women is examined, especially the \nlandlady\u2019s environment, as there is a relationship between the host and the guest. The research \nproblems are (1) how is reflection of tourism in the travelling women portrayed on the novels of \nDaisy Miller, A Passage to India, and Pada Sebuah Kapal?. (2) How are motivating and \nattracting factors related to tourism as reflected in the travelling women articulated on the novels \nof Daisy Miller, A Passage to India, and Pada Sebuah Kapal?. (3) How do cultural barriers \noccur in tourism as reflected in the travelling women on Daisy Miller, a Passage to India, and \nPada Sebuah Kapal novel? In general, this research is to find out the comparison of travelling \ndone by women. Specifically, it is to discover the reflection of tourism, how the motivating and \nattracting factors  and  cultural barriers occur in tourism as reflected in the travelling done by \nwomen. \n\nThis research is conducted on three novels, Daisy Miller written by Henry James, A \nPassage To India by E.M. Forster, and Pada Sebuah Kapal by NH. Dini called comparative \nliterature showing the continents of America, Europe and Asia. Discussing   the three continents, \nthis research is called global literature. Hermeneutic method was used to interpret the content of \nthose three novels by employing deconstruction, postcolonial and feminism theories. The main \ndata were taken from those novels and the location of the research was both at private libraries \nand state libraries or institutions and websites. To support the main data, secondary data were \nalso needed, which in this case, were obtained by interviewing the women who have travelled \nabroad. Then the results were formally and informally presented.  \n\nThe findings show that the reflection of tourism in travelling done by women is represented \nby family companion, and that the means of transportation to their destinations  are indigenous \nmeans of transportation and that the tourist objects visited are  art  metamorphosis, travel hyper-\nreality, sacred places and natural and human recreational places.  The factors motive ting the \nwomen to travel are inter personal, cultural, status and prestige.  The things making them \ninterested  in travelling are:  the Castle of Chillon in Switzerland and the regions\u2019s history, the \nevening party in Italy as a tradition to welcome  new people, the architectures of  Caesars\u2019 \nPalaces,  the Coliseum and Chandrapore club as a tradition to welcome new people, the bridge", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3126, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "425e6314-0e64-4b67-aed6-c983bb34fb22": {"__data__": {"id_": "425e6314-0e64-4b67-aed6-c983bb34fb22", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3589", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "16cc21d805058cff59e397fc32a8a37bfdfe9daf0fbeb0754f15911fffb4fc81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "23d81b5b-bbed-40bf-8a5f-9e3433dd2cbd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "d4023da4d8c45b33911f6114c1de2549577403d729ea5fe21fc25cb73f18bfb3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "78d5cbf9-44c3-4ade-984b-dcdca1911167", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "15c6c1b38bfaf8f287ead0f1084bbedf66851594b3d9dc525ba99e9e2a7696f1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nparty  to know the language spoken and dress worn \u2013 traditional costumes of India, Koyasan as \nBuddhist religion and Paris as the centre of dress model. Cultural barriers refer to different \netiquettes, ideologies and moral values resulting in different ways of travelling and their \nsolutions. \n\nKnowing the culture of the destination that is going to be visited is really needed, at least in \norder not to know nothing at all about such a destination; furthermore, it reduces cultural \nbarriers. That is why cross cultural understanding is really necessarily given not only to the \ndoers of tourism but also to all institutions in order to reduce misunderstanding and increase \nappreciation towards each other.   \n \nKey word: reflection, travelling  women, motivating and attracting factors, cultural barriers \n\n \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n \n\nThis study discusses \u201cTourism as \n\nReflected in Travelling Women: A \n\nComparative Cultural Study on the novels of \n\nDaisy Miller, A Passage to India, and Pada \n\nSebuah Kapal\u201d. It was conducted because \n\ntourism is an industry that gives less \n\nnegative effects on the environment if \n\ncompared to other big industries such as \n\nmining, manu facturing, textile, automotive \n\nand pharmacy, making it well known an \n\nindustry without any chimney and it has \n\nbecome a global industry that has employed \n\n10.6% of the world\u2019s work force (John \n\nNaisbit in Asrama, 2006).  In fact, tourism \n\nreceives less attention (Crick, 2002:18-19). \n\nTravelling is part of tourism. Travelling \n\ntakes place as one could not deny interaction \n\nwith others. Human interaction refers to \n\nseeing, hearing, touching, smelling, tasting \n\nand interacting with real things. That is why \n\ntravelling causes a great wish to see other \n\npeople individually. It is such an interaction \n\nthat inspires tourism. However, travelling \n\ncreates a new problem, as one will \n\nmisperceive others (Y. Reisinger, 1997:129-\n\n130). Related to travelling, that done by \n\nwomen is observed as it is related to the \n\nrelationship between the host and the guest \n\nin tourism and usually the landlady\u2019s \n\nenvironment is observed.  \n\nThis research is done with three \n\nnovels as the data sources. They are Daisy \n\nMiller (1878) written by Henry James, A \n\nPassage To India (1924) by E.M. Forster, \n\nand Pada Sebuah Kapal (1972) by NH. \n\nDini. This is called a comparative literature \n\nshowing the continents of America, Europe \n\nand Asia; and therefore, it is termed as \n\nglobal literature. Daisy Miller is a female", "start_char_idx": 3131, "end_char_idx": 5644, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "78d5cbf9-44c3-4ade-984b-dcdca1911167": {"__data__": {"id_": "78d5cbf9-44c3-4ade-984b-dcdca1911167", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3589", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "16cc21d805058cff59e397fc32a8a37bfdfe9daf0fbeb0754f15911fffb4fc81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "425e6314-0e64-4b67-aed6-c983bb34fb22", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "d7aca1368623b0402620b7d944d22ffc7c5fdaba3d762dbb6ab4aacf14d30dcb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5fd65057-8577-47be-b853-66d7aaf779ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "40016e6c6db88febd265d676fbc06cbd6b109c3379cdf0231f8ba34de9bebba6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\ncharacter on the novel of  Daisy Miller , and \n\nAdela Quested on the novel of A Passage to \n\nIndia is too and so is  Sri or Mrs. Vincent on \n\nthe novel of  Pada Sebuah Kapal . All of \n\nthem are the main characters and they are \n\nfaced with different conflicts and things in \n\ntheir new places. There are three research \n\nproblems in this study. First, how the \n\nreflection of tourism in the travelling women \n\nis portrayed on the novels of A Daisy Miller, \n\nPassage to India, and Pada Sebuah Kapal.  \n\nSecond, how motivating and attracting \n\nfactors are related to tourism as it is \n\nreflected in the travelling women on the \n\nnovels of Daisy Miller, A Passage to India, \n\nand Pada Sebuah Kapal. And third, how \n\ncultural barriers occur in tourism as reflected \n\nin the travelling  women on the novels of \n\nDaisy Miller, A Passage to India, and Pada \n\nSebuah Kapal . \n\nGenerally, the aims of this study are \n\nto observe American, European and Asian \n\nwomen when travelling and to understand \n\npost-modern or contem porary topics, and to \n\nobserve social and historical background of \n\ntravelling women. Specifically, this study \n\naims at describing how the reflection of \n\ntourism in the travelling  women is \n\nportrayed on the novels of A Daisy Miller, \n\nPassage to India, and Pada Sebuah Kapal. \n\nNext it aims at  finding out how motivating  \n\nand attracting factors related to tourism are \n\nreflected in the travelling  women  on the \n\nnovels of Daisy Miller, A Passage to India, \n\nand Pada Sebuah Kapal. And finally, it \n\ndiscovers how cultural barriers occur in \n\ntourism as   reflected in the travelling  \n\nwomen on the novels of  Daisy Miller, A \n\nPassage to India, and Pada Sebuah Kapal . \n\nAcademically, this research has \n\nsome benefits: first, it contributes to adding \n\nknowledge about the travelling women seen \n\nfrom political, cultural and moral point of \n\nview in literary works. Second, it gives \n\nsignificance as one model to motivating \n\nresearches on literature that are always \n\nintrinsically and structurally focused. And \n\nthird, it gives significance for further \n\nresearches on both Indonesian and foreign \n\nliterature. \n\nFurthermore, practically, this study is \n\nbeneficial to the Indonesian government \n\nwhen making policies corcerning travelling. \n\nIt can also serve as the guidance for women \n\nwho are going abroad. Literary works are \n\nalso able to form the society\u2019s personality. \n\nThe society members are expected to read \n\nboth Indonesian and foreign literary works.  \n\nBy reading literary works, one is going to \n\nknow cultural differences. By knowing", "start_char_idx": 5649, "end_char_idx": 8240, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5fd65057-8577-47be-b853-66d7aaf779ad": {"__data__": {"id_": "5fd65057-8577-47be-b853-66d7aaf779ad", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3589", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "16cc21d805058cff59e397fc32a8a37bfdfe9daf0fbeb0754f15911fffb4fc81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "78d5cbf9-44c3-4ade-984b-dcdca1911167", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "31fcfef255b36b9c2df3ada46e421cbd87893451ddfb507cf6b953bd91f64cf0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e82c61a1-1830-4840-ac7e-53310931312e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a9a6cd84a4a265c18ff3fb62286e093a20c815e10c7bea8e97a7a17582111cac", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\ncultural differences, differences will be \n\nunderstood and appreciated. In addition, this \n\nwill be useful to the doers of tourism. They \n\nwill recognize who will come as the tourists \n\nand where they come from. Apart from this, \n\nthey   will have the guidance that can give \n\nthem information about the tourists\u2019 \n\nattitudes.   \n\n \n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n\n   \n\nThis research applied qualitative \n\nmethod illustrating the travelling done by \n\nwomen. Reflection of tourism, motivating \n\nand attracting factors, and cultural barriers \n\nwere investigated. First, primary and \n\nsecondary data were collected, and then the \n\nappropriate theories were chosen for \n\nanalyzing the data. After that, the selected \n\ndata were selected and interpreted, and \n\nfinally, the process of report writing and \n\nconstructing all the results was done. In \n\norder to achieve the goal, various theories \n\nwere applied such as the theories of \n\ndeconstruction, postcolonial and feminism. \n\nIn order to know the results of this \n\nstudy, the explanation is as follows: first, the \n\nanalysis on reflection of tourism in the \n\ntravelling done by women is focused on \n\ncompanion, transportation, and visited \n\nobjects. The travelling women intended are \n\nDaisy Miller on the novel of Daisy Miller, \n\nAdela Quested on the novel of A Passage to \n\nIndia, and Sri on the novel Pada Sebuah \n\nKapal. They use companions for travelling. \n\nTheir companions, who are reflected in \n\ndifferent ways, are their family members \n\nsuch as mother, future mother-in-law, and \n\ndaughter. Related to their ways of travelling, \n\nthey used local means of transportation, and \n\nthe destinations visited depend on the \n\nwomen\u2019s interests and the destinations \n\navailable.  \n\nSecond, the analysis shows that the \n\nmotivating and attracting factors reflected in \n\nthe travelling  women on the novels of Daisy \n\nMiller, a Passage to India and Pada Sebuah \n\nKapal are their motives, types and \n\nbehaviours. Moreover, dealing with the \n\nmotives of travelling, the women have \n\ninterpersonal motivations. Related to the \n\ncultural aspects, Daisy Miller is made to \n\nvisit the Castle of Chillon in Switzerland by \n\nthe history of the region, the evening party \n\nin Italy as the tradition to welcome new \n\npeople, and the architecture in the Palace of \n\nCaesars and the Colosseum. It is greatly \n\ndifferent from Daisy Miller; Adela Quested \n\nis interested in visiting Chandrapore club as \n\nit has the tradition of welcoming new", "start_char_idx": 8245, "end_char_idx": 10722, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e82c61a1-1830-4840-ac7e-53310931312e": {"__data__": {"id_": "e82c61a1-1830-4840-ac7e-53310931312e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3589", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "16cc21d805058cff59e397fc32a8a37bfdfe9daf0fbeb0754f15911fffb4fc81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5fd65057-8577-47be-b853-66d7aaf779ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "bf685a66249dffc89e9c5e0f021030c77146dc516d32afd494349ecc71bb56e4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1bcf14d5-e2e2-4519-a21b-ef38d3699110", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f5d1cee234dc429af4a7b8e0a0a725172fc93fb4b796e3e4993ee35245d158e8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\npeople, the bridge party as the place to know \n\nthe language and dress \u2013 the traditional \n\ncostumes of India, while Sri is interested in \n\nKoyasan as Buddhist religion. Furthermore, \n\nrelated to the type of travelling, Daisy Miller \n\nin the novel of Daisy Miller written by \n\nHenry James, travels as she likes (indulger), \n\nwhereas Adela Quested on the novel of A \n\nPassage to India by E.M. Forster, travels as \n\nan adventurer, and Sri on the novel of Pada \n\nSebiah Kapal written by N.H. Dini, travels \n\nas economizer traveller.  Referring to the \n\npatterns of behaviour, Daisy Miller is an \n\nunculturalzed and rich tourist; in addition, \n\nshe is also considered an exploiting tourist. \n\nThe other travelling woman, Adela Quested \n\nis an alternative tourist, while the last \n\ntravelling woman, Sri, is considered an \n\nexploiting tourist.  \n\nThird, cultural barriers, related to \n\ntourism as reflected in the travelling women \n\nin Daisy Miller, refer to ethical values, in A \n\nPassage to India refer to being a colonial, \n\nand in Pada Sebuah Kapal refer to moral \n\nvalues. Ethical values occur between the \n\nEuropean (the host) and the American (the \n\nguest). They refer to the host\u2019s view and \n\ncreate ethnocentrism shown by the European \n\nwho feels more superior than the outsider of \n\nher or his group. Consequently, what the \n\nguest does is inappropriate with the host\u2019s \n\nview. Moreover, the guest or traveller gets a \n\ncold welcome and a cynical behaviour from \n\nthe European. Related to colonialism, the \n\nIndian society (the native), as colonized \n\npeople, is considered irrational, easily \n\ncontrolled and manipulated by the colonist \n\n(British). Those views toward the Indians or \n\nnatives have something to do with \n\nlegimitation of being bad or weak making \n\nthe British easily manage or control them. \n\nThese views are going to be repeated and \n\nspread to the Indians who believe and admit \n\nthem. In fact, India has two sides, good and \n\nbad ones but only their badness is explored \n\nand the aim is to show to them that they are \n\ninferior to the colonialist. Another thing to \n\nthink is that the Indian\u2019s characteristic \n\nshows indigenous things in it. Related to the \n\nmoral values, something occurs between the \n\nIndonesian and Western views. Sri, the main \n\ncharacter in Pada Sebuah Kapal, represents \n\norietalism that is challenged by Charles \n\nVincent, her husband who represents \n\nwestern culture. The moral values appearing \n\ndominantly in their marriage are purity and \n\nloyalty. The husband is superior over his \n\nwife. Consequently, he can do everything \n\nover his wife making the wife subordinate. \n\nBeing subordinate is suffering. It is not in", "start_char_idx": 10727, "end_char_idx": 13402, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1bcf14d5-e2e2-4519-a21b-ef38d3699110": {"__data__": {"id_": "1bcf14d5-e2e2-4519-a21b-ef38d3699110", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3589", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "16cc21d805058cff59e397fc32a8a37bfdfe9daf0fbeb0754f15911fffb4fc81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e82c61a1-1830-4840-ac7e-53310931312e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "3d5e30f64372d517865ebb21c907a4a1400ab1566667da3e24a3e3e2cdff91c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "50c5cc7c-5ea6-4cae-989b-fdc12adde0f7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0bf5ed1f3a21ff789ce443978d79ebdb08e9245e7b3571c13a8cfb7d8a4ea9a7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\nline with the spirit of equality in feminism. \n\nThe relation between the East and the West \n\nshould be in equal position. If it does not \n\nhappen, it makes unbalance as happening in \n\nthe family. To get equality, the wife should \n\nnot just keep silent and remaining obedient \n\nbut she should act by arguing. Those are \n\ncultural barriers. However, nowadays they \n\nare no such cultural barriers anymore \n\nbecause the difference is appreciated, \n\nwhereas before it was only frightening. \n\nImproved knowledge of other countries \n\nthrough cinema and television has made \n\nsuch a shift, that is, from being frightened to \n\nbeing appreciated. . This is called \n\nmulticulturalism. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH NOVELTY \n\n1. The deconstruction has been applicable \nin the beginning of nineteenth century as \n\nlong as the spirit of feminism. It was \n\nemployed by Henry James in creating \n\nthe novel of Daisy Miller in 1878 to \n\ndeconstruct the companion in travelling \n\nwith the spirit of feminism. \n\n2. The three travelling women, Daisy \nMiller, Adela Quested, and Sri have \n\ndifferent patterns of behaviour. It does \n\nnot matter they have different \n\nbehaviours because tourism celebrates \n\ncultural difference (Culler, 1988:167) \n\nbetween the host and the guest and \n\namong the guests. In other words, one \n\nshould learn and receive others as what \n\nshe or he is as Mangunwijaya (1993:25) \n\nstates \u201cKita harus belajar menerima \n\norang lain seperti apa adanya\u201d.  \n\n3. Different etiquettes, ideologies and \nmoral values could result in conflicts but \n\nnot all of the conflicts are negative if \n\nconsidered as natural. Moreover, \n\ndifference is not always bad, and one \n\ncould not force others to do the same \n\nthing as she or he does. In other words, \n\ncultural barriers still exist but they \n\ndepend on how one faces it. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH CONCLUSION     \n\n   \n\nThe conclusion of this research is \n\nthat there is a change in companion, \n\ntransportation as well as visited objects. \n\nPreviously, the companion is for protection \n\nbut nowadays it is for pleasure; the means of \n\ntransportation used is indigenous means of \n\ntransportation available; and natural objects \n\nvisited change to cultural ones. Another \n\nchange is that previously the difference is \n\nfrightening but now it is sought for in", "start_char_idx": 13407, "end_char_idx": 15683, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "50c5cc7c-5ea6-4cae-989b-fdc12adde0f7": {"__data__": {"id_": "50c5cc7c-5ea6-4cae-989b-fdc12adde0f7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3589", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "16cc21d805058cff59e397fc32a8a37bfdfe9daf0fbeb0754f15911fffb4fc81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1bcf14d5-e2e2-4519-a21b-ef38d3699110", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "2b2248ae848afe7cf03dfe2dda408734b956629bce850931409c5459c3275369", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d261da49-5fe4-42f4-88c7-31595912a68c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c28aeb3a024986cc07840c5c0c2c8e29875a8911e7e223cf032814ac4024b0fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7 \n \n\ntourism and it is an attractive thing for \n\ntravellers to visit. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT  \n\nI would like to take this opportunity \n\nto express my great thanks to Prof. Dr. I \n\nWayan Ardika, M.A., as my promoter, Prof. \n\nDr.I Wayan Kutha Ratna, S.U. as co-\n\npromoter I and., Prof. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, \n\nMA.as co-promoter II who have attentively \n\ngiven me support, encouragement and \n\nguidance starting from the proposal writing \n\nto the last process of completing this \n\ndissertation report. I would also like to \n\ndeliver my deep appreciation to the Rector \n\nof Muhammadiyah University of Malang for \n\ngiving chance and funds to study, the Rector \n\nof Udayana University, the Director of Post-\n\nGraduate Program Udayana University and \n\nstaff, and the Head of Cultural Studies \n\nDoctorate Program of Udayana University \n\nand staff.       \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \nAbdullah, Irwn. 1997. Sangkan Paran \n\nGender.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.  \n\nAdian, Donny Gahral. 2005. Perempuan \nMulticultural, Negoisasi dan \nRepresentasi: Feminisme yang \nBersuara Jamak. Jakarta: Desantara. \n\n \n\nAnderson, Luella F and Mary Ann Littrell. \n1995. Annals of Tourism Research: \nSouvenir \u2013 Purchase Behavior of \nWomen Tourist. USA: Pergamon \n\n \nAnwar, Khaidir. 1995. Beberapa Aspek \n\nSosio-Kultural, Masalah Bahasa: \nFilsafat dan Sastra. Yogyakarta: \nGadjah Mada University Press.  \n\n \nArdana Putra, I Made. 2005. 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Women\u2019s Struggle \nto Regain their Reputation in Oscar \nwilde\u2019s \u201cLady Windermere Fan\u2019 and", "start_char_idx": 17955, "end_char_idx": 20171, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7a02fa19-064b-455b-9c92-af194cb4da79": {"__data__": {"id_": "7a02fa19-064b-455b-9c92-af194cb4da79", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3589", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "16cc21d805058cff59e397fc32a8a37bfdfe9daf0fbeb0754f15911fffb4fc81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d261da49-5fe4-42f4-88c7-31595912a68c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "126a7f08a70a148c7f5ac36eeddc3ce547a63b81f0ab5daefc18d11b8f1aec0c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cb912b31-fd8b-44f2-9f6e-5c0d20c1159e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ccd1221be6aad17e4d8b3f58b036a3a892e741f9063f7dbedfec1dc271c9f8e4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "9 \n \n\n\u201cA Woman of no Importance\u2019. \nYogyakarta: Faculty of Letters, \nGadjah Mada University. 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Etiquette.  \n\nJakarta: Kesaint Blanc.", "start_char_idx": 22412, "end_char_idx": 24704, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5a8bf920-c51d-4534-8ccb-5689f234482a": {"__data__": {"id_": "5a8bf920-c51d-4534-8ccb-5689f234482a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3589", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "16cc21d805058cff59e397fc32a8a37bfdfe9daf0fbeb0754f15911fffb4fc81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cb912b31-fd8b-44f2-9f6e-5c0d20c1159e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "8a611271aa1bd34a9921307dc41c25074174b290578e81f827290b5602a87827", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d6ff99d4-4fdb-4aeb-a90b-25ac297cfb12", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0acd491393a3ae22939478551275711fed8b372267718da8979aa7161bb2b411", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "11 \n \n\nTanuwibowo, Budi S. et.al. 2002. \nPluralisme, Konflik Dan \nPerdamaian. Yogyakarta:   \n\n \nUrry, John.2002. The Sociology of Tourism. \n\nTheoritical and Empirical \nInvestigation: Tourism Culture And \nSocial Inequality. New York: \nRoutledge.  \n\n  \nVan Der Borg, J and P. Costa. 1997. \n\nCultural Tourism in Europe: \nCultural Tourism in Italy. London: \nCap International. \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nWinardi, Andreas. 2005. Representation of \nCultural Values in Language and \nLiterature: The Utilization of \nLiterature to Develop The \nUnderstanding of Other Culture. \nSemarang: Soegijapranata Catholic \nUniversity.  \n\n \nWilkinson, Paul F and Wiwik Pratiwi. 1995. \n\nAnnals of Tourism Research: Gender \nAnd  Tourism in an Indonesia \nVillage. USA: Pergamon \n\n  \nWilliams, Chuck. 2000. Management. USA: \n\nSouth-Western College Publishing, \nThomson Learning.", "start_char_idx": 24711, "end_char_idx": 25600, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d6ff99d4-4fdb-4aeb-a90b-25ac297cfb12": {"__data__": {"id_": "d6ff99d4-4fdb-4aeb-a90b-25ac297cfb12", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "a5df9e5f931e9eda6028fda931998d8322773f66ea2e3624c3685281d3c67760", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5a8bf920-c51d-4534-8ccb-5689f234482a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3589", "author": "Hartiningsih, Sri; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Paramartha, I Gde", "title": " TOURISM AS REFLECTED IN TRAVELLING WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY ON THE NOVELS OF DAISY MILLER, A PASSAGE TO INDIA, AND PADA SEBUAH KAPAL", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3589.pdf"}, "hash": "a3dd83b24ba486e5b60a77b8f105bb5abbce9d9c295f271a30d23f4047b4f7e3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3a57f948-fd41-4690-afa5-97a81a6c8ed3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9484365d85ab85c83f43f5d6e5fea449b16df6a68d092af8e88eb99c7f467327", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Mita Duarsa_E-journal\n\n\nTHE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS \nOF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: \n\nCULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE  \n \n\nDyah Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI1, Wayan Ardika2,  \nMohammad Hakimi, Emiliana Mariyah2 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nEmail: mita_budi@hotmail.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n\nThe Balinese culture, mainly the community of Denpasar, is the result of a \nlong process of culture assimilation and aculturization. The modern culture which \nenters Bali in some aspects includes their teenagers\u2019 way of life and modern life \nstyle. This research\u2019s purposes: what are the teenagers\u2019 perceptions about \npremarital sex themselves? what are the factors that shaped the teenagers\u2019 \nperception?, and what is the effect and significance of the teenagers\u2019 perception of \npremarital sex within their group in social and value systems? This research is \nconducted by qualitative methods with a hermeneutic and phenomenological \napproach. The data are obtained by in-depth interview, focused group discussion \n(FGD) and by taking a picture with using in-depth interview, FGD and \nobservational guide as instruments. The informants are teenagers between 10 \u2013 24 \nyears old in Denpasar, and the key informants are teenagers who have done sex. \nTeenagers are students of high school, universities as well as teens who worked \nand have earned. In-depth interviews are also carried out on public and religious \nfigures, policy-maker in education affair, student advisors, onlooker sexual \nproblems as well as parents. Informants selected purposively, who have a lot of \ninformation related sex among teenagers. Theories are used: The Theory of \nPerception, The Theory of Hegemony, The Theory of Lifestyle and Youth Sub-\nCulture, and The Theory of Power and Knowledge. \n\nThe result shown teenagers generally still have an ideal perception. On the \nother hand, there are teens who have committed premarital sex have a reality \nperception. The determinant factors of the perception are internal and external \nfactors. The reality perception of teenagers stimulates premarital sex to become \nmore widespread. The perception also influences a socio-cultural phenomenon \nwhich includes: cultural, social and health dimension. The perception need to be \nanticipated in a constructive way; that is by increasing the power of internal \nfactors and eliminating negative aspect of external factors.  \n\n \nKey words: Perception, Teenagers, Premarital Sex", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2549, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3a57f948-fd41-4690-afa5-97a81a6c8ed3": {"__data__": {"id_": "3a57f948-fd41-4690-afa5-97a81a6c8ed3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "a5df9e5f931e9eda6028fda931998d8322773f66ea2e3624c3685281d3c67760", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d6ff99d4-4fdb-4aeb-a90b-25ac297cfb12", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "e7cc806e99ee61f9d5647195812bcece1509fda9e822616d8ae37039ea8a5a95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f48d50be-86af-47ed-85df-ebf3679b8448", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8d55f4cf30e1a47ea19295692d00dcf597243d63b61f0fcf2a161fe37d86df68", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Background \n \n\nAs a capital city of Bali \n\nprovince and center of tourism, \n\nDenpasar had developed very fast. \n\nThis rapid development includes the \n\ncity\u2019s infrastructure and the social \n\nlives of the citizen. Along with the \n\ndynamics of life of the citizen, cases \n\nof premarital sex among teenagers \n\nhave the tendency to increase. This \n\nphenomena is one of the sign of the \n\nsocial and value changes especially \n\nabout premarital sexual among \n\nteenagers. The formulate problems \n\nfor this research: (1) what are the \n\nperception of premarital sex behavior \n\namong teenagers? (2) What are the \n\nfactors that shaped these \n\nperceptions? (3) What are the \n\nimplications as well as the \n\nsignificance of these perceptions in \n\nthe social and values system?  \n\nAs a form of cultural research \n\nwith a culture studies perspective, \n\nthis research is performed using a \n\nqualitative method, with a \n\nhermeneutic as well as \n\nphenomenology approaches. This \n\nresearch also uses ethic and emic or \n\nverstehen approaches. Data \n\ncollections are performed by in-\n\ndepth interviews, Focused Group \n\nDiscussion (FGD) and observations. \n\nThe instruments used in data \n\ncollection are guidelines for in-depth \n\ninterview, guidelines for FGD and \n\nguidelines for observations. \n\nInformants are teenagers who \n\ndomiciles in the city of Denpasar and \n\nwhose age are between 10 years till \n\n24 years old. These informants \n\ninclude those who have commit \n\nsexual intercourse and those who \n\nhave not. These teenagers are school \n\nstudents, university or college \n\nstudents and those who are working \n\nor earn a living. In order to get a \n\ncomplete data for this research, in-\n\ndepth interviews are also performed \n\nto other informants such as public \n\nfigures, religious figures, policy \n\nmaker in the field of education, \n\nattending or counseling teachers, on \n\nlooker social problems and parents. \n\nInformants are chosen by a purposive \n\nmethod by considering the amount of \n\ninformation which can be obtained. \n\nThe data are analyzed using Theories \n\nin Perception, Theories in \n\nHegemony, Theories of Life Style \n\nand Youth Subculture and Theory in \n\n\n\nRelation of The Power and \n\nKnowledge \n\n \n\nDiscussion \n\n \n\nThe perception of premarital \n\nsex among teenagers shows a very \n\nwide variation. Generally, teenagers \n\nstill have an ideal or utopia \n\nperception on sexual intercourse that \n\nis sexual intercourse is only allowed \n\nwhen once a male and female \n\nteenage couple is legally bonded by \n\nmarriage.  \n\nSome teenagers who have \n\ncommit sexual intercourse have a \n\nreality or empiric perception, that is \n\nthey have view that on this open era, \n\npremarital sex may be committed by \n\nanyone and is considered as \n\nsomething usual. Other perceptions \n\nare sexual intercourse performed by \n\nteenagers is a sign of bravery and \n\nmaturity, and those who have \n\ncommit sexual intercourse are \n\nteenagers who have a \u201cgaul\u201d life \n\nstyle. These teenagers have reasons \n\nas to why they commit sexual \n\nintercourse. These are so that they \n\nare accepted among their peer \n\ngroups, become more mature, as a \n\ndrill before building a household, to \n\nattain happiness (recreational) and \n\nalso nowadays is a part of a teenage \n\nlife style. Not all teenagers who have \n\nexperienced sexual intercourse regret \n\ntheir actions. There are those who \n\nfeel proud because they are \n\nconsidered as the most experienced. \n\nThe strengthening of this perception \n\nof sexual intercourse among \n\nteenagers is generally caused by two \n\nfactors: an internal (endogenous) \n\nfactor, and an external (exogenous) \n\nfactor. This internal factor is that \n\nfactor in the teenagers\u2019 themselves \n\nsuch as knowledge of sexuality and \n\nhealth in reproduction, and a \n\ncomprehension in religious teachings \n\nand cultural values especially about \n\nsexual intercourse and self-control. \n\nWhereas the external factor is the \n\ninfluence of news and pictures from \n\nthe mass media about the lives of \n\nteenagers, peer pressures, situation of \n\nthe social environment that is \n\nbecoming more permissive, tea-\n\nchings of sexual and reproductive \n\nhealth in formal education (college, \n\nuniversity and other forms of \n\ncontinuing education) that are still \n\nnot efficient and are not using the", "start_char_idx": 2566, "end_char_idx": 6809, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f48d50be-86af-47ed-85df-ebf3679b8448": {"__data__": {"id_": "f48d50be-86af-47ed-85df-ebf3679b8448", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "a5df9e5f931e9eda6028fda931998d8322773f66ea2e3624c3685281d3c67760", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3a57f948-fd41-4690-afa5-97a81a6c8ed3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "b77245e6e1d1a1b309a6b4dd4d98371d17133fa76438caff1b4ceb5dc355c0ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6b3bc77f-f2c4-4f57-ba65-1ab0abf47760", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "74d8732c0b8a6848a1bc61664368205cee27c6302148a0103c96c2171ed982f4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "correct ways, as well as weak \n\nregulations that is put up by the \n\ngovernment/leaders.  \n\nThese external factors are felt \n\ninfluenced stronger and are \n\nbecoming uncontrollable. If this \n\ncondition is not accompanied by \n\nmeasures that strengthen the internal \n\nfactors, this will cause a teenager\u2019s \n\nperception, that accept sexual \n\nintercourse among their groups as \n\nsomething usual and can be \n\nperformed by anyone, to strengthen \n\nand become more widespread in the \n\ncommunity. \n\nThe strengthening and wide \n\nspreading of this perception, that do \n\nnot consider sexual intercourse \n\namong teenagers as a problem, may \n\nstimulate  the wide spreading and \n\nopenness of premarital sex behavior \n\namong teenagers. This behavior can \n\nhave negative physical, social and \n\npsychological impacts on the doer. \n\nThe strengthening and wide \n\nspreading of perception that does not \n\nconsider sexual intercourse among \n\nteenagers a problem will give birth to \n\na social-cultural phenomenon which \n\nhas an important three-dimension \n\nlesson learnt, that is cultural \n\ndimension, social dimension and \n\nhealth dimension. The wide \n\nspreading of this premarital sex \n\nperception  can cause: (a) distortion \n\nof ideal concepts (values) about \n\nsexual intercourse (cultural dimen-\n\nsion); (b) weaken the values of \n\nmarriage institution (social \n\ndimension); and (c) grow the practice \n\nof premarital sexual intercourse to \n\nbecome more open and become a \n\nmedia of transmitting sexually \n\ntransmitted diseases (STDs), also \n\nHIV and AIDS (health dimension). \n\n \n\nConclusion \n\n \n\nIt can be concluded that, \n\nfirstly, the perception about \n\npremarital sexual intercourse among \n\nteenagers varies widely. Generally, \n\nteenagers have a normative percep-\n\ntion, still considering that sexual \n\nintercourse may be committed by \n\ncouples who share the same \n\nhousehold. That is why, sexual \n\nintercourse among teenagers need to \n\nbe avoided because it violates social \n\nnorms and religious values. Reality \n\nor empiric perception judges, \n\npremarital sexual intercourse among", "start_char_idx": 6814, "end_char_idx": 8875, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6b3bc77f-f2c4-4f57-ba65-1ab0abf47760": {"__data__": {"id_": "6b3bc77f-f2c4-4f57-ba65-1ab0abf47760", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "a5df9e5f931e9eda6028fda931998d8322773f66ea2e3624c3685281d3c67760", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f48d50be-86af-47ed-85df-ebf3679b8448", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "fb95bea2eefecec78a94d7af1af1510fa52eeddcff36716f198cf545606c5368", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c594ed85-789e-4ba2-bce9-cd94acb87c5c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a2226fa5baf7ca8fb292f8e0823efcfee8e85b2e7240cd6ad9378b5cab01dc53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "teenagers may be performed \n\nprovided the acts are based on the \n\nfeeling of liking each other, to prove \n\nlove or to heighten teenage image, \n\nbecoming more \u201cgaul\u201d, life style of \n\nteenagers nowadays, becoming more \n\nmature, as a practice before entering \n\nthe stage of having a household, or \n\neven just to obtain happiness \n\n(recreational) or just for fun.  \n\nSecondly, the perception of \n\npremarital sex among teenagers is \n\ninfluenced by two factors: internal \n\nand external factors.  \n\nThirdly, the strengthening of \n\nperception that allows premarital sex \n\nmay shift or may even change social \n\nnorms and values system that are \n\nrelated to sexual behavior.  \n\nThe wide spreading of \n\nperception that accept premarital sex \n\namong teenagers have to be \n\nanticipated constructively, that is by \n\nincreasing the immunity of internal \n\nfactors within the teenagers them-\n\nselves, also by minimizing the \n\nvariety of negative external factors \n\nwhich may directly or indirectly \n\ngrows and strengthen the perception \n\nof the teenagers. \n\n \n\nAcknowledgement \n \n\nI wish to thank the Rector of \nUdayana University and the Director \nof Postgraduate Program of Udayana \nUniversity for the opportunity and \nfacilities provided when undertaking \neducation in Doctorate Program at \nUdayana University. I also would \nlike to express a word of gratitude \ngoes to Promotor: Prof. Dr. I Wayan \nArdika, M.A., Co-promotor I: Prof. \nDr. Mohammad Hakimi, PhD., \nSp.OG., and Co-promotor II: Prof. \nDr. Emiliana Mariyah, M.S. Their \nguidance and advice are really and \ngreatly helpful in the process of \nwriting this dissertation. Finally, I \nam greatly indebted to the other \nparties who have assisted the process \nof the research.  \n \n\nBibliography \n\nAdlin, Alfathri (ed). 2006. \nMenggeledah Hasrat: Sebuah \nPendekatan Multi Perspektif. \nBandung: Jalasutra. \n\nAdlin, Alfathri. 2006. Resistensi \nGaya Hidup: Teori Dan \nRealitas. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nBarnard, Malcom. 1996. Fashion \nSebagai Komunikasi. Cara \nMengkomunikasikan Identitas \nSosial, Seksual, Kelas, dan \nGender. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural \nStudies. Teori dan Praktik. \nYogyakarta : Bentang \n\nCavallaro, Dani. 2004. Teori Kritis \ndan Teori Budaya. Yogyakarta: \nNiagara", "start_char_idx": 8880, "end_char_idx": 11127, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c594ed85-789e-4ba2-bce9-cd94acb87c5c": {"__data__": {"id_": "c594ed85-789e-4ba2-bce9-cd94acb87c5c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "a5df9e5f931e9eda6028fda931998d8322773f66ea2e3624c3685281d3c67760", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6b3bc77f-f2c4-4f57-ba65-1ab0abf47760", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "4bbd57b74cde29ae3c6cbe857fb66f485b603cba6334ecf0bd01778d9d5255c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7ca16de6-48b4-4f0b-9ae3-ce0e3f7d37eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d370dd62519c81052672101fa2e828f51c37c5e6d53a31ab1e2cb2b12bee212a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Chaney, David. 1996. Lifestyles. \nSebuah Pengantar Kompre-\nhensif. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra \n\nDaeng, Hans J. 2000. Manusia, \nKebudayaan dan Lingkungan. \nYogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1980. Power/ \nknowledge. New York. \nPantheon. \n\nFoucault, Michel. 2008. Ingin Tahu \nSejarah Seksualitas, penerje-\nmah Rahayu S. Hidayat, \nJakarta: Penerbit Yayasan Obor \nIndonesia Bekerjasama dengan \nFIB Universitas Indonesia \n\nGeertz, Clifford. 1992. Tafsir \nKebudayaan. Yogyakarta: \nPenerbit Kanisius. \n\nHebdige, Dick. 1999. Asal-Usul dan \nIdeologi Subkultur Punk. \nYogyakarta : Penerbit Buku \nBaik \n\nHurlock, Elizabeth B. 1992. Psiko-\nlogi Perkembangan, Suatu \nPende-katan Sepanjang \nRentang Kehidu-pan. Jakarta: \nPenerbit Erlangga. \n\nIbrahim, Idi Subandy. 1997. Lifestyle \nEcstasy ; Kebudayaan Pop da-\nlam Masyarakat Komoditas \nIndonesia. Yogyakarta : Jala-\nsutra \n\nKleden, Ignas. 1985. \u201cMasyarakat \nDalam Persepsi Kebudayaan\u201d \ndalam Alfian. (Ed.) Persepsi \nMasyarakat Tentang Kebuda-\nyaan. Jakarta: PT Grasindo. \nHal : 227 \u2013 284 \n\nKleden, Ignas. 1987. Sikap Ilmiah \ndan Kritik Kebudayaan. \nJakarta: LP3ES \n\nNoerhadi, Toeti Heraty. 1985. \u201cPer-\nsepsi Kebudayaan : Utopia dan \nRealita\u201ddalam  Alfian. (Ed.) \nPersepsi Masyarakat tentang \nKebudayaan. Jakarta: PT \nGramedia. Hal. 206 \u2013 224 \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004. Posrea \nlitas, Realitas Kebudayaan \ndalam era Posmetafisika. \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2007. Dari \nMedia menuju Pos-media: \nMedia dalam \u2019Culture Studies\u2019, \nJurnal Kajian Budaya, Vol 4 \nNomor 8, Juli 2007. \n\nRadjab, Budi. 2006. Keterbukaan \nSeksualitas dan Peran Media; \nKompas, 27 Maret 2006 atau \nhttp://www.unisosdem.org/klipi\nng_detail.php. Diakses: 1 \nAgustus 2008.  \n\nRajab, Budi. 2008. Seksualitas dan \nPeran Media; http://www2. \nkompas.com/ver1/Kesehatan/0\n607/14/041453.htm. Diakses, \n25 Oktober 2008. \n\nSarup, Madan. 2003. Posstruktural-\nisme dan Posmodernisme \nSebuah Pengantar Kritis. \nYogyakarta : Penerbit Jendela \n\nSarwono, Sarlito Wirawan. 2007. \nPsikologi Remaja. Jakarta: PT \nRaja Grafindo Persada. \n\nSarwono, Sarlito Wirawan. 2002. \nPsikologi Sosial. Individu dan \nTeori-Teori Psikologi Sosial. \nJakarta : Balai Pustaka.", "start_char_idx": 11132, "end_char_idx": 13308, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7ca16de6-48b4-4f0b-9ae3-ce0e3f7d37eb": {"__data__": {"id_": "7ca16de6-48b4-4f0b-9ae3-ce0e3f7d37eb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "a5df9e5f931e9eda6028fda931998d8322773f66ea2e3624c3685281d3c67760", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c594ed85-789e-4ba2-bce9-cd94acb87c5c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "b0c54bc1f3019f875c29bd31292ea08326dd00adfa2200c91fdec50f9e812187", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "52124448-271c-4201-b098-dd4fa6842fcd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2df42eba68892f22646e42f708c3aac666a8fdfa9e1d863c2e339744a09f4a12", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Steger, Manfred B. 2006. Globalisme \nBangkitnya Ideologi Pasar. \nYogyakarta : Lafadi Pustaka. \n\nStorey, John. 1996. Cultural Studies \ndan Kajian Budaya Pop. \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nSynnott, Anthony. 2007. Tubuh \nSosial: Simbolisme, Diri & \nMasyarakat, terjemahan Pipit \nMaizer, Yogyakarta: PT Jala-\nsutra, Edisi Revisi.", "start_char_idx": 13313, "end_char_idx": 13703, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "52124448-271c-4201-b098-dd4fa6842fcd": {"__data__": {"id_": "52124448-271c-4201-b098-dd4fa6842fcd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "f006f14fde8631f6154634ba4784cac16d4dcc3abdee1d89f404d2caa814674d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7ca16de6-48b4-4f0b-9ae3-ce0e3f7d37eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3592", "author": "Pradnyaparamita DuarsaI, Dyah; Ardika, Wayan; Hakimi, Mohammad; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " THE PERCEPTION OF THE TEENAGERS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL IN DENPASAR: CULTURE STUDIES PERSPECTIVE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3592.pdf"}, "hash": "e032aa474a7b2e90c80d5dc4b9f5b87869d6a3769480e862541ed60074895ab4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e52a8084-fe52-4d67-afdb-84f478b433e5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3885caf0e6e68525631bdb653ae9991c87794e2a6df4738c9e235fd63ebf7071", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Singkir Hudijono_E-journal\n\n\n 1\n\nALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: \nIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES  \n\n \nSingkir Hudijono1, I Nyoman Sirtha2,  \nI Gde Parimartha3, I Made Suastika 3  \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Law, Udayana University \n3Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nEmail: hud_poer_undana@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \nThis study discusses about an Alternative Dispute Resolution in Banyumas \n\nRegency as a non-litigation dispute resolution. The problem observed was a breakthrough \ntaken by the Society in Banyumas Regency in overcoming the so far deadlock of law \nenforcement and the attitude of not trusting the justice enforcement. It has been a public \nsecret that the dispute resolutions employing the legal centralism paradigm have been \ndominated by the judicial network. This has caused the acknowledgement of the state law \nto decrease, being a commodity that can be traded. The research aims at finding out and \ndescribing how the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) emerges as an alternative \nmechanism in deconstructing the legal centralism; interpreting and describing what is \nmeant by the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in the development of progressive law. \n\nThis research was conducted employing qualitative method. In this context, the \nresearcher explored various pieces of related information with the reason that the society \nin Banyumas Regency has chosen the alternative dispute resolution mechanism as the \nmechanism in deconstructing the legal centralism. The research was conducted as \nfollows:  the problems were identified, the theories for analyzing the data were selected, \nthe primary and secondary data were collected, the collected data were analyzed and \ninterpreted, and finally, the results of the research were written and constructed. The \ntheories employed were critical legal studies, deconstruction, and large narration criticism \ntheories. \n\nThe results of the research show that: firstly, the alternative dispute resolution has \nemerged because of the awakened local knowledge, as the form of anticipation to the \nineffective formal law domination. With regard to the effect of global intercourse, the \nalternative dispute resolution has emerged because of the refusal against the cultural \nhomogeneity. Secondly, the implementation of the alternative dispute resolution has \nbecome the preferred mechanism in deconstructing the law centralism because it can be \nimplemented effectively and efficiently, and ensures the win-win solution. Thirdly, \ndenotatively, the alternative dispute solution reduces the confronting and antagonistic \nconceptions. Connotatively, the alternative dispute resolution is the legal culture of \nBanyumas society. It has functioned as the legal dynamisator creating and implementing \nlaw.  \n\n \nKey words: dispute, local knowledge, non litigation", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2954, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e52a8084-fe52-4d67-afdb-84f478b433e5": {"__data__": {"id_": "e52a8084-fe52-4d67-afdb-84f478b433e5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "f006f14fde8631f6154634ba4784cac16d4dcc3abdee1d89f404d2caa814674d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "52124448-271c-4201-b098-dd4fa6842fcd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "f5b358ebf04c890716f1a410732eff216697d79d68bccdb7ddfaeee5a4394615", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "10b0f5b6-b401-4da4-98c7-19ba5051b626", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a4bc696e63f059c256e16cfe98bf740e22140d3c65a9cb3432537f98990ab1bc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "1\n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n \n\nThis dissertation is concerned \n\nwith the Alternative Dispute Resolution \n\nin  Banyumas Regency. The study \n\nobserves the breakthrough taken by the \n\nsociety in  Banyumas Regency in \n\novercoming the deadlock of justice \n\nenforcement using the legal centralism \n\nparadigm. The legal paradigm \n\nintentionally or unintentionally practiced \n\nhas made the attempt to look for justice \n\nin a simple, quick and cheap process \n\ndifficult to conduct. In its daily life, the \n\nsociety observes that the legal \n\nenforcement done by the government \n\nhas been dominated by a judicial \n\nnetwork, making the law enforcement \n\ncomplicated, take a longer time, cost \n\nmuch, and not completely reliable. \n\nRelated to this, several items are \n\nnecessarily observed. Firstly, construc-\n\nting a law-based country cannot only be \n\ndelegated to the legal professionals, \n\nbecause what is encountered is not solely \n\na \u201clegal project\u201d, but \u201ca human and \n\nhumanity project\u201d. Secondly, an existing \n\nlaw is not part of script that the court \n\nrecognizes as the binding provision \n\nwhen a sentence is imposed in a juridical \n\ndispute, but only part of life that is really \n\nreferred to by the parties involved in a \n\ndispute. The observation above indicates \n\nthat the judicature institution and the \n\nother formal legal enforcers are not the \n\nonly sources of normative messages.  \n\nThere are three main problems in this \n\nresearch. Firstly, how the alternative \n\ndispute resolution (ADR) has emerged \n\nas the preferred mechanism; secondly, \n\nwhy the implementation of the \n\nalternative dispute resolution (ADR) has \n\nbecome the preferred mechanism in \n\ndeconstructing the legal centralism; \n\nthirdly, what the alternative dispute \n\nresolution (ADR) means in the \n\nprogressive legal development. \n\nIn general, the research aims at \n\nidentifying, describing, analyzing, and \n\nunderstanding the alternative dispute \n\nresolution phenomenon in Banyumas \n\nRegency as a dispute resolution \n\ntradition, which is an integral part of \n\nother cultures and daily reality \n\nperformed by the society. In particular, \n\nthis research aims at firstly finding out \n\nand describing the emergence of the \n\nalternative dispute resolution (ADR) as a \n\npreferred mechanism. Secondly, it aims \n\nat understanding and describing the \n\nimplementation of the alternative dispute \n\nresolution (ADR) as the preferred", "start_char_idx": 2960, "end_char_idx": 5342, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "10b0f5b6-b401-4da4-98c7-19ba5051b626": {"__data__": {"id_": "10b0f5b6-b401-4da4-98c7-19ba5051b626", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "f006f14fde8631f6154634ba4784cac16d4dcc3abdee1d89f404d2caa814674d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e52a8084-fe52-4d67-afdb-84f478b433e5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "8a8feb971d32d49be9a18bc81cf7bbb6f2ad29d5c7def45736e6f02edbb96489", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f782eab2-d19f-4fbd-92c9-a8ef27c69690", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bb6c0e8f6445038434a6007d8914b66a4ce1203ec4434e6cd6e137ad6162ac7c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\n\nmechanism in deconstructing the legal \n\ncentralism. Thirdly, it aims at interpret-\n\nting and describing the meaning of the \n\nalternative dispute resolution (ADR) in \n\nthe progressive legal development. \n\nIn theory, this study is useful for \n\nsolidifying the scientific tradition \n\ndeveloped by Post Graduate Program of \n\nCultural Studies of Udayana University, \n\nwhich is full of critical discourse \n\nprioritizing interdisciplinary and multi-\n\ndisciplinary approaches as to the human \n\nlife along with the cultural value of his \n\nenvironment that advocates the minority \n\nand marginal people. In practice, this \n\nstudy is expected to be able to eliminate \n\nthe confronting and antagonistic \n\nconception in the dispute resolution \n\nthrough the court based on the \n\ncentralistic state hegemony. This \n\nresearch is expected to develop a \n\nmeditating, negotiating and conciliating \n\nconception responding to the disputing \n\nparties\u2019 interests so that the social \n\nrelationship can be maintained. The \n\nalternative dispute resolution developed \n\nthrough this study also has more access \n\nto the justice, because it is an answer to \n\nthe society\u2019s dissatisfaction with the \n\ncourt\u2019s performance. This study will \n\nexpand the non-confronting dispute \n\nresolution learning that always criticizes \n\nthe large narrations influencing the \n\nsociety. \n\n \n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n\n \n\nThis research was conducted \n\nemploying qualitative method. In this \n\ncontext, a variety of relevant information \n\nwas explored with the reason that the \n\nsociety of Banyumas  has chosen the \n\nalternative dispute resolution mechanism \n\nin deconstructing the legal centralism, \n\nand the meaning of the alternative \n\ndispute resolution in the progressive \n\nlegal development. The research was \n\nconducted as follows:  the problems \n\nwere identified, the theories for \n\nanalyzing the data were selected, the \n\nprimary and secondary data were \n\ncollected, the collected data were \n\nanalyzed and interpreted and finally the \n\nresults of the research were written and \n\nconstructed. The theories employed were \n\nRoberto Unger\u2019s critical legal, Derrida\u2019s \n\ndeconstruction, and Lyotard\u2019s large \n\nnarration critical. \n\nThe results of the research can be \n\ndescribed as follows. Firstly, from the \n\nanalysis on why the alternative dispute \n\nresolution (ADR) has emerged as the", "start_char_idx": 5348, "end_char_idx": 7689, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f782eab2-d19f-4fbd-92c9-a8ef27c69690": {"__data__": {"id_": "f782eab2-d19f-4fbd-92c9-a8ef27c69690", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "f006f14fde8631f6154634ba4784cac16d4dcc3abdee1d89f404d2caa814674d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "10b0f5b6-b401-4da4-98c7-19ba5051b626", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "3658e2e6a03f8e28040c8497b52e4b375f738bb4a5fe469d4c039c51b2037fba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "45fa16e8-9448-4a71-a73e-696c990f4406", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f91de75d61c03b0d50660483eba6fb01164db773e417c974887c9ddd61f3d8cb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\npreferred mechanism, many factors have \n\nbeen identified. The local influential \n\nfactors include (1) the awakened local \n\ncollective awareness; (2) the develop-\n\nment of indigenous knowledge; (3) the \n\nrole of the traditional institutions has \n\nreturned back to the old \u201cmemory\u201d, \n\nmeaning that there is an inspiration to \n\nact more smartly in exploring the \n\ncreative ideas which have already \n\ndisappeared so far. Meanwhile the \n\ninfluential global factors include (1) \n\ngovernmental hegemony, the court \n\ndictatorship and less effective formal \n\nlaw; (2) ease of access to  information \n\nhas made the society feel a higher \n\nautonomy and gets a wider room to \n\nexpress what they wish; (3) the change \n\nof socio cultural, political, economic, \n\nscientific and technological aspects so \n\nthat all the society members should have \n\nsocial responsiveness and awareness of \n\nthe nation\u2019s and state\u2019s problems; (4) the \n\nrealization of peaceful life. The society \n\nneeds certain culturally shared rooms in \n\ncreating peace.  \n\nSecondly, from the analysis on \n\nalternative dispute resolution (ADR) as \n\nthe preferred mechanism in decons-\n\ntructing the legal centralism, the results \n\ncan be explained as follows. As the \n\npreferred mechanism in deconstructing \n\nthe legal centralism, the alternative \n\ndispute resolution can be implemented in \n\ncertain ways and patterns. Such ways \n\nare: (1) emphasizing effectiveness and \n\nefficiency; and (2) mitigating the \n\nobstacles blocking the dispute \n\nresolution. The patterns employed are: \n\n(1) consultation; (2) negotiation; and \n\nmediation. The alternative dispute reso-\n\nlution is a small narration constituting \n\nthe postmodern element to deconstruct \n\nthe large narration that is in the form of \n\nlegal centralism that refuses diversity. \n\nThe alternative dispute resolution \n\ndeconstructs (1) power \u201cabsolutism\u201d; (2) \n\njuridical power game ideology; (3) state \n\ncentralism in law ; (4) legal simulacrum; \n\nand (5) justice demon. \n\nThirdly, from the analysis on the \n\nmeaning of the alternative dispute \n\nresolution (ADR) in the progressive \n\nlegal development, the results can be \n\nexplained as follows. The progressive \n\nlaw is the power refusing and having \n\ndesire to break the status quo. Therefore, \n\ndenotatively, related to the development \n\nof progressive law, the alternative \n\ndispute resolution refers to (1) law in \n\naction that updates the law; (2) the \n\nimprovement of the public role in law;", "start_char_idx": 7695, "end_char_idx": 10152, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "45fa16e8-9448-4a71-a73e-696c990f4406": {"__data__": {"id_": "45fa16e8-9448-4a71-a73e-696c990f4406", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "f006f14fde8631f6154634ba4784cac16d4dcc3abdee1d89f404d2caa814674d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f782eab2-d19f-4fbd-92c9-a8ef27c69690", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "4a14ab0912923f07f293d5603d754c9725947a4f4604d187ec74a8feb250fa0e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e79a4a20-b042-4eb7-83ec-166222967c91", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b6deb2871be6fd81f75cef55d3752121851bb6457adf1fb73e25869091dff262", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nand (3) the peace maintenance. \n\nConnotatively, related to the develop-\n\nment of progressive law, the alternative \n\ndispute resolution refers to (1) mainte-\n\nnance of harmony, conformity and \n\nfairness; (2) strength of multiculturalism \n\nroot ; (3)sturdiness of  national identity ; \n\nand (4) truth and justice. \n\n \n\nNOVELTIES \n\n \n\nThe novelties that can be \n\nrevealed include: (1) the alternative \n\ndispute resolution producing substantial \n\ntruth and justice within the society \n\nemerges because of the convergence of \n\ntwo elements: the effect of local/global \n\nculture and the need for an alternative. \n\nThis finding can be conceptualized and \n\nunderstood using Roberto Unger\u2019s \n\ncritical legal studies theory; (2) the \n\nalternative dispute resolution is a \n\ndisorganization of a condition in which \n\nthe society feels no harmony between \n\nthe formal legal rules (less effective state \n\nlaw, dishonest law enforcers) and their \n\nlegal needs. When the expected new \n\nnorms have not been institutionalized \n\nwhile the formal legal values cannot be \n\ntrusted completely, the society renego-\n\ntiates the norms constituting the process \n\nof establishing values regulating the \n\nrelationship among them. Such values \n\nare the combination of the formal law \n\nand the traditional values (local policy). \n\nThis can be conceptualized and \n\nunderstood using the deconstruction \n\ntheory developed by Derrida; (3) the \n\nalternative dispute resolution is the \n\ndispute resolution that is able to build \n\nthe local spirit. Because of its cultural \n\napproach, however, in physical level it \n\nwill improve the awareness of pluralism, \n\nprecluding the society from \u201cany action \n\npermitted\u201d. The cultural approach makes \n\nthe alternative dispute resolution not \n\nconstitute legal reformation, a radical \n\nlegal deconstruction. This is relevant to \n\nthe Lyotard\u2019s large narration critical \n\ntheory. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\n \n\nThe conclusions that can be \n\ndrawn are: (1) the alternative dispute \n\nresolution (ADR) emerges as the \n\npreferred mechanism because of the \n\nawakened local collective awareness, in \n\nwhich the justice referred to by the \n\nsociety is derived from the ethnic \n\ncultural spirit that can give a cool \n\nsolution when the members of society \n\n\n\n 5\n\nencounter various problems. In the \n\ndimension the effects of  global \n\nintercourse, the alternative dispute \n\nresolution emerges due to counter trend \n\nagainst the cultural homogeneity; (2) the \n\nimplementation of the alternative dispute \n\nresolution (ADR) has become the \n\npreferred mechanism in deconstructing \n\nthe legal centralism because it is the \n\ndispute solution that can be implemented \n\neffectively and efficiently and with the \n\npatterns ensuring the win-win solution; \n\n(3) denotatively, the alternative dispute \n\nresolution (ADR) reduces the \n\nconfronting and antagonistic conceptions \n\nin solving the dispute through the \n\njudicature institutions based on the state \n\ncentralistic hegemony. Connotatively, \n\nthe alternative dispute resolution (ADR) \n\nmeans maintenance of harmony, \n\nconformity and fairness; strength of \n\nmulticulturalism; national identity \n\nsturdiness; and truth and justice. \n\n \n\nAcknowledgement  \n\nIn this occasion, the author \n\nexpresses her great gratitude to the \n\nhonorable Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sirtha, \n\nSH., M.S., as the promoter, Prof. Dr. I \n\nGde Parimartha, M.A., as the first co-\n\npromoter, and Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, \n\nSU., as the second co-promoter, who \n\nwith their sincerity and patience have \n\nguided her from the start up to the end of \n\ndissertation report writing. The author \n\nalso says gratitude to the Directorate of  \n\nHigher Education  of the Department of \n\nNational Education through the \n\nDoctorate Program Management Team \n\nwho has granted her study tuition in the \n\nform of BPPS, the Rector of Kupang \n\nNusa Cendana University and the staff, \n\nRector of Udayana University and the \n\nstaff, Director of Udayana University \n\nPostgraduate Program and the staff, and \n\nthe Chief of Cultural Studies Doctorate \n\nProgram of Udayana University and the \n\nstaff.", "start_char_idx": 10158, "end_char_idx": 14229, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e79a4a20-b042-4eb7-83ec-166222967c91": {"__data__": {"id_": "e79a4a20-b042-4eb7-83ec-166222967c91", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3596", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "87afa3f47f67bba48c3e4f16718ed0330a2b28a7bb939d9b2b2fa9fdb21099c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "45fa16e8-9448-4a71-a73e-696c990f4406", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3594", "author": "Hudijono, Singkir; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made", "title": " ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BANYUMAS REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3594.pdf"}, "hash": "8202c8617b7a8b866952644634959afeef641848778e8bca0dae47a3e3359909", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f2d291fb-7c2d-4449-aabb-81932eb9e9e7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1cc193010a688f3ee0290401b7f3a59a98f240e9441b9c1ba34b4df19b55d358", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Ketut Suda_E-journal\n\n\nMERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY  \nAT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR \n\n \nI Ketut Suda1, I Nengah Bawa Atmaja2,  \n\nI Wayan Ardika2, I Gde Parimartha2 \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\nEmail: sudaketut@yahoo.com \n \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n                This study discusses\u201dMercantilism of Knowledge in Education: a Case Study at \nMelati Sukma Elementary School Denpasar\u201d. The matter observed is a shift of \neducational paradigm, from enlightenment paradigm into instrumental paradigm. When \nthe system of market economy influenced the Indonesian economic system in 1960s or in \nthe beginning of 1970s, which is now getting more materialistic-capitalistic, social \norganizations such as educational organizations (read: schools) have found it difficult to \navoid it. This study aims at exploring why the management of Melati Sukma Elementary \nSchool Denpasar has implemented \u201cmercantilism of knowledge\u201d in education, and why \nthe consumers have accepted it. This study also aims at identifying the mechanism of \nhow \u201cmercantilism of knowledge\u201d has occurred at Melati Sukma Elementary School \nDenpasar, and its implications on the pupils, the school, the learning-teaching process, \nand on the community. \n              Qualitative method was employed for conducting the research. In this context, \nvarious types of information related to why the school management has implemented the \nmercantilism of knowledge, the mechanism of how it has occurred, and its implications \non the pupils, the school, the process of learning and teaching process in the classrooms, \nand the community were obtained. Firstly, problems were identified, then theories for \nexamining the data were selected, later the primary and secondary data were collected, \nnext the selected data were analyzed and interpreted. Finally, the report writing and the \nresults of the research were constructed. The theories employed are Comodification \ntheory, Hegemony theory, and Deconstruction theory. \n              The results are as follows: firstly,  those which have been responsible for the \nmercantilism of knowledge are the fact  that the teachers have been getting marginalized \nfrom the process of national development, the system of market economy and the \nconsumptive attitude of the community including the teachers have been getting stronger. \nThe parents\u2019 motivation to send their children to that school has also been in included in \nthe first result. Secondly, the mercantilism of knowledge at Melati Sukma Elementary \nSchool has also been implemented through the domination, hegemony, and power of the \nschool management over the pupils\u2019 parents in the forms of sales of various industrial \nproducts, provision for additional lessons, and other types of payments. Thirdly, the \nmercantilism of knowledge has also resulted from the attempts made by the school", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3006, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f2d291fb-7c2d-4449-aabb-81932eb9e9e7": {"__data__": {"id_": "f2d291fb-7c2d-4449-aabb-81932eb9e9e7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3596", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "87afa3f47f67bba48c3e4f16718ed0330a2b28a7bb939d9b2b2fa9fdb21099c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e79a4a20-b042-4eb7-83ec-166222967c91", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "1c317dec663e264164fc96918b80fe71ed30b71e14a368d661bd69f0b73f61ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c7aac190-4fd9-49e1-9786-279d5a68c759", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d4d9409c8318b64a15d5709a383a28e105cb6771e83ccc5150cfbe38c7f48235", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "management to make the school look more glorious. The learning process has not been \noriented towards the attempts made to increase the pupils\u2019 intelligence but towards the \neconomic advantages. Where the parents will send their children does not depend on the \nquality of education but on the prestige instead.  \n \nKey words: mercantilism of knowledge, education, system of market economy, \n\nmarginalization of teachers in the developmental process \n \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n \n\n                This dissertation discusses \n\n\u201cMercantilism of Knowledge in \n\nEducation: A Case Study at Melati \n\nSuksma Elementary School Denpasar\u201d.   \n\nWhat is observed is the learning \n\nmechanism at the school because of the \n\ninfluence of the system of market \n\neconomy in the Indonesian economy that \n\nhas gradually taken place since 1970s or \n\nin the end of 1960s. Such a system has \n\nunintentionally made state schools and \n\nprivate schools have different positions. \n\nThe private schools have found it easy to \n\nfollow the flow of the market economy \n\n(being caught in the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge), while state schools have \n\nfound it difficult to follow the flow of \n\nthe market economy. Consequently, \n\nprivate schools have appeared to be \n\ncommercial educational institutions. \n\n               Related to what has been \n\ndescribed above, several problems have \n\nappeared in the implementation of \n\neducation especially at some favorite \n\nelementary schools or those that are \n\nconsidered superior. There has been a \n\ngap between what is ideally expected \n\n(das sein) that schools should serve to \n\ndevelop and form the civilization of the \n\nnation and the fact  (das sollen) that \n\nmany educational institutions (read: \n\nschools) have been made arena for \n\nobtaining economic advantages. The \n\nparticular problem observed is the \n\noccurrence of the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education that has made \n\nthe poor find it more difficult to acquire \n\neducation of good quality. On the other \n\nhand, it is stated in the applicable rules \n\nand regulations that every citizen \n\nreserves the right to acquire  education \n\nof good quality. There are three main \n\nproblems discussed in this study. First, \n\nwhy has the school management \n\nimplemented the mercantilism of \n\neducation and the consumers have \n\naccepted it. Second, how has the", "start_char_idx": 3011, "end_char_idx": 5335, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c7aac190-4fd9-49e1-9786-279d5a68c759": {"__data__": {"id_": "c7aac190-4fd9-49e1-9786-279d5a68c759", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3596", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "87afa3f47f67bba48c3e4f16718ed0330a2b28a7bb939d9b2b2fa9fdb21099c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f2d291fb-7c2d-4449-aabb-81932eb9e9e7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "acd65597e059fb643de1edf9825a8993a16b58ceb8fc189154f59d5d71b5a902", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7e8b54ef-4af0-477f-a51c-980ec61d6aaa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3e96c5315c31bd11c20f83a1a7db8cf561937d1123aa9296fc5189dd35a910e9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "mercantilism of knowledge occurred in \n\neducation? Third, what are its \n\nimplications on the pupils, the school \n\ninstitution, the learning process in the \n\nclassrooms, and on the community. \n\n              In general, this study aims at \n\ndescribing the factors leading to the \n\nappearance of the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education at Melati Sukma \n\nElementary School Denpasar;  \n\nexplaining the mechanism of how the \n\nmercantilism of knowledge in education \n\nat Melati Sukma Elementary School \n\nDenpasar has taken place; and \n\ndeconstructing the ideology and truth \n\nhiding behind the high cost of education \n\nat the basic education level, particularly \n\nat Melati Sukma Elementary School \n\nDenpasar. In particular, this study aims \n\nat: firstly, exploring why the school \n\nmanagement has implemented the \n\nmercantilism of knowledge  in education \n\nand the consumers have accepted it; \n\nsecondly, explaining the mechanism of \n\nwhy the mercantilism of knowledge in \n\neducation  has taken place; and thirdly, \n\nanalyzing the implications of the \n\nmercantilism of knowledge in education  \n\non the pupils, the school institution, the \n\nlearning process in the class rooms, and \n\non the community. \n\n              The academic benefits of this \n\nstudy are: first, the wider framework of \n\nthinking as to why the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education has occurred at \n\nthe school can be revealed; second,  the \n\nway of thinking concerning the \n\nextension of the global capitalistic \n\nideology influencing the educational \n\nworld can be contributed ; and third, the \n\nstarting point for further studies \n\nconcerning the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education applying \n\napproaches of cultural studies or \n\nparadigm of critical theory can be \n\nestablished.  \n\n              In addition, practically, this \n\nstudy is useful to the governmental \n\nelements, educational doers, and all the \n\nrelated parties (stakeholders) such as \n\nheadmasters, teachers, school com-\n\nmittee, foundations running private \n\nschools, and the pupils\u2019 parents.  This \n\nstudy will enable them to understand the \n\nresponsibility and function of the school \n\nas an educational institution better. It is \n\nresponsible for developing and forming \n\nthe ability and civilization of the nation. \n\nIt is responsible for sharpening the \n\nnation\u2019s life. Alternatives will be \n\nrecommended for both the central \n\ngovernment and the regional government \n\nfor formulating the public policy (the", "start_char_idx": 5340, "end_char_idx": 7801, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7e8b54ef-4af0-477f-a51c-980ec61d6aaa": {"__data__": {"id_": "7e8b54ef-4af0-477f-a51c-980ec61d6aaa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3596", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "87afa3f47f67bba48c3e4f16718ed0330a2b28a7bb939d9b2b2fa9fdb21099c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c7aac190-4fd9-49e1-9786-279d5a68c759", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "66723c00cc20334638fc534ef8562616e0ff811fc8044f6473b284189648fea2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "60c9f6b4-8401-43dc-816c-a09eb948eeed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "da2e1e0fb1a909ce689eb89f8a32c1d3fce7aa25711d508773ca21ebebb403bd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "applicable rules and regional \n\nregulations) related to how to strengthen \n\nand establish the educational implement-\n\ntation especially at the basic level.  \n\n \n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n\n \n\n               Qualitative method was \n\nemployed to conduct the research \n\npresenting the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education especially at the \n\nbasic level.  In this research the causing \n\nfactors, various forms of mercantilism of \n\nknowledge occurring at Melati Sukma \n\nElementary School Denpasar, its \n\nimplications on the pupils, the school \n\ninstitution, the learning process in the \n\nclassrooms, and on the community were \n\nidentified. In the first stage, the data both \n\nprimary and secondary were collected. \n\nIn the second stage, the theories were \n\nselected for examining the data. In the \n\nthird data, the selected data were \n\nanalyzed and interpreted. In the fourth \n\nstage, the results of the research were \n\nwritten and constructed. To achieve \n\nthose objectives, the theory of \n\ncomodification, the theory of hegemony, \n\nand the theory of deconstruction were \n\nemployed. \n\n             The results of the study can be \n\ndescribed as follows. Firstly, with regard \n\nto the factors responsible for the \n\nappearance of the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education especially at \n\nelementary schools, the following can be \n\nreported. The marginalization of \n\nteachers from the national development, \n\nthe culture of reputation and the \n\nmotivation of the parents to send their \n\nchildren to such a school, and the \n\neducational politics of the government \n\nhave caused the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education to take place.  \n\n               Secondly, viewed from the \n\nanalysis of the mechanism of how the \n\nmercantilism of knowledge in education \n\nhas taken place can be reported as \n\nfollows. In fact, the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education at the school, \n\nwhere the research was conducted, has \n\nbeen created through such refined and \n\nsystematic relations of domination, \n\nhegemony, and power between the \n\nschool management and the pupils\u2019 \n\nparents that the latter are less aware that \n\nthe mercantilism of knowledge keeps \n\ngoing on. The mechanism of how the \n\nmercantilism of knowledge has taken \n\nplace especially at elementary school \n\nlevel is through the sales of various \n\nindustrial products, printed products, \n\nclothing industry, banking industry \n\n(insurance company), and even food", "start_char_idx": 7806, "end_char_idx": 10226, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "60c9f6b4-8401-43dc-816c-a09eb948eeed": {"__data__": {"id_": "60c9f6b4-8401-43dc-816c-a09eb948eeed", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3596", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "87afa3f47f67bba48c3e4f16718ed0330a2b28a7bb939d9b2b2fa9fdb21099c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7e8b54ef-4af0-477f-a51c-980ec61d6aaa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "102dcf4c7526b2d42005648dcd648fb24c938d7bb44a28b265c35145f7a81faa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "601a393f-333b-4b85-bc16-3d3c6bc5eabc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ebdb61e35fa71c6d95058daec1b15277998493475f941a16d51b2b76cc8cfc79", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "products such as the fast food products \n\nproduced by McDonald. \n\n             Thirdly, from the analysis of the \n\nimplications of the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education, it has been \n\nrevealed that the dominant structure of \n\npower has been becoming stronger, \n\nbecause in the process of implementing \n\neducation, among those who are \n\ninvolved such as the teachers, the \n\nheadmaster, the school committee, and \n\nthe foundation, as far as private schools \n\nare concerned, there has been an \n\ninteraction through the process of \n\ndecision making.  There is always a \n\nchance to do something, especially \n\namong the teachers, the headmaster, the \n\nfoundation, and the school committee as \n\nthe dominant parties. In this context, the \n\nschool can serve as the arena to play in. \n\nThen, in such a play, there is an attempt \n\nto compete to get and pawn economic, \n\nsocial and intellectual capitals. \n\nTherefore, an educational board has been \n\nestablished to control how education is \n\nimplemented in a regency or \n\nmunicipality. In this case, with reference \n\nto the Decision Letter of the Minister of \n\nNational Education Number 44/U/2002, \n\na regent or a major is appointed. Such a \n\ncondition will also influence the election \n\nof the school committee. This means that \n\nthose who have social, intellectual and \n\neconomic capitals will be elected the \n\nschool committee. Therefore, there will \n\nalso be a structure at school, which then \n\nmakes the process of decision-making \n\nelite\u2013based instead of mass-based. Thus, \n\nthe school can function as the arena, \n\nwhere economic capital, social capital \n\nand intellectual capital can be \n\nexchanged. This will probably take place \n\nthrough the process of domination and \n\nhegemony when decisions are made by \n\nthe foundation, the headmaster, and the \n\nteachers, which are then legalized by the \n\nschool committee.  \n\n \n\nNOVELTY \n\n \n\n               There are several novelties in \n\nthis study. The first novelty is that the \n\nmercantilism of knowledge in education \n\nat elementary school has taken place \n\nthrough a mechanism which is so refined \n\nand systematic that the pupils\u2019 parents \n\nare less aware of this. The mercantilism \n\nof knowledge in education has been \n\nbeing more developed, because the \n\ncommunity has the ideology that what is \n\nexpensive is good in quality, and that \n\nwhat is cheap is not good in quality. The \n\nfact is that this is not to be taken for \n\ngranted. Such a mentality is made use of", "start_char_idx": 10231, "end_char_idx": 12699, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "601a393f-333b-4b85-bc16-3d3c6bc5eabc": {"__data__": {"id_": "601a393f-333b-4b85-bc16-3d3c6bc5eabc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3596", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "87afa3f47f67bba48c3e4f16718ed0330a2b28a7bb939d9b2b2fa9fdb21099c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "60c9f6b4-8401-43dc-816c-a09eb948eeed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "1615178fc9e68bc12d2f868e5ce844d73efb82183b3b169d604d38ae39407806", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9acffbe3-b3b4-42b2-9977-b0c020ab5110", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "471ad4f06709ba0d74b57449551fb1b78aed716e5dbb76d6e1916f6d4838817b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "by the school management to arrange the \n\nfunds for educational compensation, as it \n\nlikes. In other words, it has done what is \n\ncalled the mercantilism of knowledge in \n\neducation.  \n\n               Secondly, the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education at the school \n\nwhere the research was conducted has \n\nbeen made to appear by dominating and \n\nhegemonizing the community\u2019s way of \n\nthinking with various nice jargons such \n\nas \u2018a school of democracy\u2019, \u2018in this era \n\nwhich schools are cheap?\u201d, \u201chigh cost is \n\nneeded for purchasing books to widen \n\nthe pupils\u2019 insight, and many more \n\njargons. \n\n              Thirdly, the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education at the school \n\nwhere the research was conducted has \n\nalso been made to appear by making use \n\nof the power among the foundation, the \n\nheadmaster, the teachers, and the school \n\ncommittee. This has taken place through \n\nthe process of seizing and pawning the \n\neconomic, social, and intellectual \n\ncapitals. Then, the position of the \n\ndominating parties such as the \n\nfoundation, the headmaster, the teachers \n\nand the school committee is getting \n\nstronger, because the school committee \n\nis headed by head of the foundation, the \n\nsecretary to the committee is the \n\nsecretary to the foundation, and even the \n\nschool committee members are the \n\npupils\u2019 parents who are still related to \n\nthe foundation structure. In this way, the \n\nposition of the school committee as the \n\ncontrolling board at the school is  weak. \n\n             Fourthly, high cost should be \n\nmatched with excellent service such as \n\navailability of adequate facilities, \n\npreparation of professional human \n\nresources (teaching staff) and effective \n\nand efficient learning process. However, \n\nwhat has happened at the school where \n\nthe research was conducted is that the \n\nteaching facilities such as OHP, LCD \n\nand Laptop have been available for \n\nreputation instead of for betterment of \n\nlearning quality. The reason is that only \n\none unit of each teaching facility of \n\nOHP, LCD, and Laptop is available, \n\nwhereas the classes needing such \n\nfacilities are 22. Furthermore, with \n\nregard to the academic and competence \n\nqualification of the teaching staff \n\nreferring to the Ministerial Regulations \n\nNumber 16 of Year 2007, it should be at \n\nleast either S-1 or D-4 in education \n\n(SD/MI/PGSD/PGMI). However, at the \n\nschool where the research was \n\nconducted, no teaching staff has the \n\nqualification of either S-1 or D-4 in \n\neducation (SD/MI/PGSD/PGMI).", "start_char_idx": 12704, "end_char_idx": 15221, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9acffbe3-b3b4-42b2-9977-b0c020ab5110": {"__data__": {"id_": "9acffbe3-b3b4-42b2-9977-b0c020ab5110", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3596", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "87afa3f47f67bba48c3e4f16718ed0330a2b28a7bb939d9b2b2fa9fdb21099c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "601a393f-333b-4b85-bc16-3d3c6bc5eabc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "2e1493b8229dec2289893c8cc3e27b0710bdc629a5de741fcd8da70065470cfa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "55d469ae-123a-416f-9d0b-17b2ae666491", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "29a419bbfcfcd11e67ea03598890b56df186a9107db6ac518e707017b98bbe0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Fifthly, viewed from the \n\nlearning process at the school where the \n\nresearch was conducted, it has not \n\nreferred to the national education \n\nstandard (SNP) as stated in the \n\nRegulations Number 19 Number 2005. \n\nOn the other hand, the school frequently \n\nrefers to quality as the label for \n\nmotivating the parents to send their \n\nchildren there. Consequently, they do \n\nnot mind spending more money on \n\neducational compensation with an \n\nexpectation that they will get a good \n\nquality of education for their children.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\n \n\n               The conclusion of the research \n\nis that the mercantilism of knowledge in \n\neducation taking place at the school \n\nwhere the research was conducted has \n\nresulted from several factors, such as (1) \n\nthe marginalization of the teachers from \n\nthe process of the national development; \n\n(2) the culture of reputation and the \n\nmotivation of the parents to send their \n\nchildren to that school; (3) the \n\neducational politics of the government. \n\nThe evidence that the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education has taken place \n\nis that on one hand the pupils make \n\nmany types of payment to the school, but \n\non the other hand, the eight national \n\neducation standards (SNP) as stated in \n\nthe Regulations Number 10 of Year \n\n2005 have not been achieved yet. The \n\nmercantilism of knowledge in education  \n\nhas been made to appear through the \n\nprocess of domination, the process of \n\nhegemony, and the process of playing \n\nwith power  among the teachers, the \n\nheadmaster, the foundation, and the \n\nschool committee when decisions are \n\nmade. The process of domination, the \n\nprocess of hegemony, and the process of \n\nplaying with power have been so refined \n\nand systematic that the parents as the \n\nconsumers are less aware of this. \n\nTherefore, the mercantilism of \n\nknowledge in education has kept going \n\non without any meaningful obstacles. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\n \n\nAdorno, Theodor & Max Horkheimer \n\n,1979. Dialectic of \n\nEnlightenment. London: Verso. \n\nAlthusser, Louis ,1984. Tentang Idologi. \n\nMarxisme Strutualis, \n\nPsikoanalitis, Culture \n\n             Studies. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.   \n\nAwandi, 2003. \u2018Proses Pembodohan di \n\nSekolah\u2019. Pontianak Post, 25 \n\nJanuari 2003. \n\n\n\nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa, 2006. \n\u2018Peningkatan Kuantitas dan \nKualitas Bidang Pendidikan Dan \nKebudayaan Melalui Perseling \nkuhan Lintas-Disiplin\u2019. Makalah \nDibawakan Dalam Seminar \nPeningkatan Kuantitas dan \nKualitas Penelitian Bidang \nKepen-didikan dan Kebudayaan \nUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha \nSingaraja.    \n\nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa dan Ananta-\nwikrama Tungga Atmadja. 2008. \n\u2019Sekolah + \n Bertaraf Internasional, Unggul \nan, Favorit) = Biaya Mahal = \nKomersi Pendidikan\u2019. (Artikel). \n\nBaudrliard, Jean, 1988. Selected \nWritings, Stanford, Stanford \nUniversity Press. \n\nBaudrillard, Jean, 2004. Masyarakat \nKonsumsi. (Wahyunto, Penerje \nmah Yogyakarta:  Kreasi \nWacana. \n\nBockock, Robert, 1986. Hegemony. \nLondon: Tavistock Publication. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre, 1990. (Habitus X \nModal) + Ranah = Praktik. \n(Richard Harker, Cheelen Mahar, \nChris Wilkes, ed.) (Pipit Maizer, \nPenerjemah). Yoryakarta:Jala \nsustra. \n\nBudiman, H. 1997. Pembunuhan yang \nSelalu Gagal: Modernisme dan \nKrisis Rasionali- Tas Menurut \nBaniel Bell.", "start_char_idx": 15241, "end_char_idx": 18501, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "55d469ae-123a-416f-9d0b-17b2ae666491": {"__data__": {"id_": "55d469ae-123a-416f-9d0b-17b2ae666491", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3596", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "87afa3f47f67bba48c3e4f16718ed0330a2b28a7bb939d9b2b2fa9fdb21099c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9acffbe3-b3b4-42b2-9977-b0c020ab5110", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "7ea01484782c1c3d29c606b0504aa0ec072d0c11a020d1b34bff5f8b81e6e367", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b4256c0b-5bcb-4f67-982e-007c743692bd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fb707271b3d8c15c0eaf032175599e8306ffa6f117a738a376c282d9ff370b35", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Yogyakarta: Pustka \nPelajar.  \n\nCemerlang, 2003. Undang-Undang \nRepublik Indonesia No. 20Tahun \n2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan \nNasional. Jakarta: Cemerlang.   \n\nChristopher, Norris, 2003. Membongkar \nTeori Dekonstruksi Jaques \nDerrida. (Inyiak Ridwan Muzir, \nPenerjemah). Yogyakarta: AR-\nRUZZ.Derrida Jacques, 2002. \nDekonstruksi \nSpiritual:Merayakan Ragam \n\nWajah Spiritual. Yogyakarta: \nJalasutra. \n\nDoni Koesoema A, 2004: \u2019Pendidikan \nManusia Versus Kebutuhan \nPasar\u2019, dalam Widiastono (ed.). \nPendidikan Manusia Indonesia: \nJakarta Penerbit Buku Kompas  \npp. 198 \u2013 216. \n\nEducare, Wahana Komunikasi \nPendidikan. NO. 11/III/Februari \n2007. Jakarta : Komisi \nPendidikan KWI. \n\n \n\nEndrizal, 2006. \u2019Industri Pendidikan\u2019. \nArticle in Bali Post, 10 May \n2006: 7.  \n\nFakih, Marsour, 1999. Gagasan-\nGagasan Politik Gramsci. \nYogyakarta: Pustka PelajarDan \nInsist Press. \n\nFakih, Mansour, 2004. Bebas dari \nNeoliberalism. Yogyakarta: Inist.  \n\nFokusmedia, 2005. Standar Nasional \nPendidikan.  Peraturan Pemerin \ntah No. 19 tahun2005. Dileng \nkapi dengan UU No. 20 Tahun \n2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan \nNasional. Peraturan Menteri No \n11 Tahun 2005 tentang Buku \nTeks Pelajaran.Bandung: Fokus \nmedia.  \n\nGamsci, Antonio, 1976. Selections from \nthe Prison Notebooks, Quintin \nHoare dan  Nowell Smith (ed.). \nNew York: International \nPublisher.  \n\nHarsono, 2007. Pengelolaan Pembia \nyaan Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: \nSurabaya Press Bekerjasama \ndengan Pustaka Book Publisher. \n\n \nHasbullah, Jousairi, 2006. Social \n\nCapital: Menuju Keunggulan \nBudaya Indonesia. Jakarta: MR-\nUnited Press. \n\nHendarto, Heru, 1993. Mengenal Konsep \nHegemoni Gramsci, dalam", "start_char_idx": 18502, "end_char_idx": 20145, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b4256c0b-5bcb-4f67-982e-007c743692bd": {"__data__": {"id_": "b4256c0b-5bcb-4f67-982e-007c743692bd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3596", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "87afa3f47f67bba48c3e4f16718ed0330a2b28a7bb939d9b2b2fa9fdb21099c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "55d469ae-123a-416f-9d0b-17b2ae666491", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "2e2ae23154650f4e117c9f83951662f6c95c51d3aefd208a50e3ab2b66ba879a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "00dc7c48-14db-46d3-9409-21089632a356", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e8868c34083639d78e0267281dca5c8c5a3153381f8c00c84c67baba0d03c7f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Mengenal Konsep \nHegemoni Gramsci, dalam \n\n\n\nDiskursusKemasyarakatan dan \nKamanusiaan. Jakarta: Tim \nRedaksi Driyarkara Gramedia.   \n\nIrawan, Ade. 2004. Mandagangkan \nSekolah, Studi Kebijakan \nManajemen Berbasis Sekolah di \nDKI Jakarta: Indonesia \nCorruption Wastch.  \n\nKeohane, R.O. and J.S. Nye, 2000. \nGlobalization: What\u2019s New? \nWhat\u2019s Not? (And So What). \nFpregn Policy: Spring.  \n\n \nLie, Anita. 2005. \u2018Pendidikan Kritis dan \n\nTransformasi Masyarakat \nKwargaan\u2019, dalam Rahmanto, \nCatur Rismiati, Praptomo \nBaryadi, Ari Subagio, Rohandi \ndan  Sunardi (Tim Penyunting). \nPendidikan Nasional dalam \nReformasi Politik dan Kemasya \nrakatan. Yogyakarta: Universitas \nSanata Dharma. Hal. 3 \u2013 30. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n                In this opportunity, I would \n\nlike to thank Prof. Dr. I Nengah Bawa \n\nAtmadja, M.A., as the Promoter; Prof. \n\nDr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., as the first \n\nCo-Promoter; and Prof. Dr. I Gde \n\nParimartha, M.A., as the second Co-\n\nPromoter , who have attentively and \n\npatiently given me support, encoura \n\ngement and guidance from the proposal \n\nwriting to the last process of completing \n\nthis dissertation report. I would also like \n\nto deliver my deep appreciation to the \n\nDirectorate of Higher Education, \n\nDepartment of National Education \n\nthrough  Team of the Doctorate Program \n\nManagement, which has given me funds \n\nin the form of BPPS, the University of \n\nHindu Indonesia,   the Rector of  Udaya \n\nna University, the Director of Post \n\ngraduate Program Udayana Univesity \n\nand its staff members, and Head of the \n\nDoctorate Program of Cultural Studies \n\nUdayana University and its staff \n\nmembers.", "start_char_idx": 20105, "end_char_idx": 21741, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "00dc7c48-14db-46d3-9409-21089632a356": {"__data__": {"id_": "00dc7c48-14db-46d3-9409-21089632a356", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3599", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "83fbfc552174cace527941e879b373d46725579132f9e93b53034582b726a90e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b4256c0b-5bcb-4f67-982e-007c743692bd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3596", "author": "Suda, I Ketut; Bawa Atmaja, I Nengah; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " MERCANTILSM OF KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY AT MELATI SUKMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENPASAR", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3596.pdf"}, "hash": "5a5b1a3e9fb2c4e8483754e7ad3fa7c89fb6b916f86cc57ec2535d7d12e7e9fa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0ea6a2d2-f3fb-4b63-928c-ad5f5a7a8643", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f1393be132d5d31a0f09807f5ea0cfd50d23ac0ef07481c0bb824f4a04c41090", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Wirata_E-journal\n\n\n 1\n\nTHE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE \nRESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP  \n\nAT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY \n \n \n\nI Wayan Wirata1, I Gde Parimartha2, \nI Made Suastika2, I Ketut Subagiasta2 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nEmail: \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n\n This research is entitled \u201cThe Hegemony Imposed by the Government and the \nResistance of Wetu Telu Sasaknese Ethnic Group at Bayan District, North Lombok\u201d. \nThe interaction between the government and the Wetu Telu Sasaknese community at \nBayan District has resulted in differences in views, ideas, and behaviors leading to \nfriction and refusal or opposition from the community. \n This research is focused on 1) how has the hegemony imposed by the \ngovernment upon the Wetu Telu Sasaknese Ethnic Group residing at Bayan District, \nNorth Lombok Regency taken place?  2) what has been done by the people of the Wetu \nTelu Sasaknese Ethnic Group residing at Bayan Distrik, North Lombok to resist to the \nhegemony imposed by the government upon them? and 3) what are the effects and \nmeanings of the hegemony imposed by the government and the resistance of the Wetu \nTelu Sasaknese Ethnic Group on the multicultural community life at Bayan District, \nNorth Lombok Regency? \n The data needed were collected by interview, observation, and documentation \nand were descriptively, qualitatively and interpretatively analyzed. The theories used to \ngive answers to the problems formulated above are the theory of hegemony (Gramsci), \nthe theory of deconstruction (Jacques Derrida), and the theory of discourse (Foucault). \n The results show that the hegemony imposed by the government has taken place \nin a number of particular aspects such as the religious aspect, socio political aspect, \ncultural aspect and educational aspect. Being marginalized and being not free in \ndeveloping their tradition and culture, the people of Wetu Telu Sasaknese Ethnic Group \nresiding at Bayan District, North Lombok Regency, have been responsible for their \nresistance to the government and the followers Islam Waktu Lima. The resistance has \nbeen shown by avoiding, refusing and even opposing what is considered not in \naccordance with their tradition and culture. \n One of the effects of the hegemony imposed by the government and the \nresistance made by the people of the Wetu Telu Sasaknese Ethnic Group   residing at \nBayan District is that there has been imbalanced communication between the followers \nof Islam Waktu Lima (which collaborates with the government) and the Wetu Telu \nSasaknese Ethnic Group residing at Bayan District leading to a social conflict. The other \neffects have been that such a social conflict has disturbed the social life of the \n\n\n\n 2\n\ncommunity, has led to a paradox of cultural preservation, and has narrowed the power of \nthe Wetu Telu Sasaknese Ethnic Group residing at Bayan District. From the meaning \npoint of view, what has taken place at Bayan District has philosophical and multicultural \nmeaning as well as the meanings of struggle for identity, cultural preservation and \ndynamism.  \n \nKey word:  the government,   hegemony,   Wetu Telu  of  Sasaknese    Ethnic    Group,  \n                      marginalized and resistance", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3367, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0ea6a2d2-f3fb-4b63-928c-ad5f5a7a8643": {"__data__": {"id_": "0ea6a2d2-f3fb-4b63-928c-ad5f5a7a8643", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3599", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "83fbfc552174cace527941e879b373d46725579132f9e93b53034582b726a90e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "00dc7c48-14db-46d3-9409-21089632a356", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "c27d0d9a342dddfe5b479f4de647a131ddbd181836a4b0ab841ffca56dc31d94", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "db4286b0-62d5-4bd6-91e8-a4c1b68c1387", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ec107cca81b5dcffd742581679c79b5192f9924b282c3c299bce7eb493592c5b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\nBackground \n Lombok is a small island which is located in West Nusa Tenggara Province and \n\nis inhabited by an aboriginal Sasaknese group. Before Islam was introduced, the \n\nSasaknese people believed in the souls of their ancestors and the sacred things, and \n\noffered offerings on the sacred graves. \n\n Islam was introduced to Lombok Island in the beginning of the 16th century by \n\nthe mubalig (preachers) from Java, Bugis and Makassar. The introduction of Islam has \n\nresulted in a syncretism. It is this syncretism which has made the followers of Islam \n\nclassified into two; they are the followers of Islam Wetu Telu and the followers of Islam \n\nWaktu Lima. Islam Waktu Telu is the mixture of the traditional belief (the ancestor\u2019s \n\nbelief) and Islam Waktu Lima which has Al-Quran and Hadist as the references.  \n\n From the colonial era to the independence era, such a difference seemed to be \n\nmade bigger. During the independence era, the followers of Islam Wetu Telu was \n\nmarginalized and under pressure. The reason is that the other parties (the government \n\nand the followers of Islam Waktu Lima) considered that the followers of Islam Wetu \n\nTelu were not the followers of Islam.  \n\n During the New Order, the position of the followers of Islam Waktu Lima was \n\ngetting stronger, as they collaborated with the government. With the strength they had, \n\nthey oppressed the traditional teachings of Islam Wetu Telu which was considered to \n\ncontradict the real teachings of Islam. However, the followers of Islam Wetu Telu still \n\nbelieve that their belief has given them blessings and enthusiasm to survive and that it \n\ncontains moral messages from their ancestors.  \n\n Such a condition has inspired the government to create some strategies how to \n\navoid the traditions and customs which are related to the Islam Wetu Telu carried out by \n\nthe Sasaknese Ethnic Group residing at Bayan District from growing because it has been \n\nconsidered to contradict the real teachings. Such a difference in insight and \n\nunderstanding has led to the resistance made by the Wetu Telu Sasaknese ethnic group \n\nresiding at Bayan District, North Lombok Regency to the hegemony imposed by the \n\ngovernment.", "start_char_idx": 3383, "end_char_idx": 5588, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "db4286b0-62d5-4bd6-91e8-a4c1b68c1387": {"__data__": {"id_": "db4286b0-62d5-4bd6-91e8-a4c1b68c1387", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3599", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "83fbfc552174cace527941e879b373d46725579132f9e93b53034582b726a90e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0ea6a2d2-f3fb-4b63-928c-ad5f5a7a8643", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "851e9c8d79f7a7060143f5b43723c11580cbebbd1b4d85681a2a41613a1d21e0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "63429f38-2419-4835-aa56-a8f051348033", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0bdb4647cb73607db6578a479105ccdc3fb1b7f98a43e82b4ce41d991ca76f11", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nDiscussion \n\n The hegemony imposed by the government upon the Wetu Telu Sasaknese Etnic \n\nGroup residing at Bayan District, North Lombok Regency, includes a number of \n\nparticular aspects such as religious ideological, socio political, socio cultural and \n\neducational aspects.  \n\n In religious ideological aspect, the hegemony imposed has been in the form of \n\nsome attempts made by the government to make the followers of Islam Wetu Telu \n\nimplement the teachings of Islam as included in the Holy Books of Al-Quran and \n\nHadist. With the power it has and by collaborating with the followers of Islam Waktu \n\nLima, the government could fade and eliminate the customs and traditions related to \n\nIslam Wetu Telu performed   by the Sasaknese ethnic group residing at Bayan District.  \n\nThe reason was that it was considered to contradict the real teachings of Islam. In \n\naddition, the government\u2019s ideology was also implemented in the form of the \n\nconstruction of Islam Waktu Lima Mosques with the objective that the followers of \n\nIslam Wetu Telu would not address their prayers at the old Mosques any longer. They \n\nwere made to address their prayers at Waktu Lima Mosques because the old ones were \n\nconsidered not to match what was ideally needed to make them ideal holy places. In the \n\ndakwah (religious proselytizing) delivered, it was insisted that it was important to refer \n\nto the true and real teachings of Islam.  \n\n In socio political aspect, the hegemony imposed by the government was in the \n\nform of controlling the land owned by the followers of Islam Wetu Telu residing at \n\nBayan District which was then used as the land of transmigration especially for the \n\nfollowers of Islma Waktu Lima. In this manner, the government could extend and spread \n\nthe Islam orthodoxy at the area where the followers of Wetu Telu live, that is, in Bayan \n\nDistrict. Islam Waktu Lima Mosques, Madrasah schools and pondok pesantren (school \n\nfor Koranic Studies for children and young people, most of whom are boarders). The \n\nattempts made by the government to empower the religious leaders (known as Tuan \n\nGuru) in delivering dakwah Islamiyah (Islamiyah religious proselytizing) finally \n\nnarrowed the movements of the traditional leaders of Islam Wetu Telu, meaning that the \n\nidentity of their community was threatened.  In socio cultural aspect, the government \n\nused the old mosques, the traditional costumes, the traditional ceremonies as tourist", "start_char_idx": 5603, "end_char_idx": 8062, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "63429f38-2419-4835-aa56-a8f051348033": {"__data__": {"id_": "63429f38-2419-4835-aa56-a8f051348033", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3599", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "83fbfc552174cace527941e879b373d46725579132f9e93b53034582b726a90e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "db4286b0-62d5-4bd6-91e8-a4c1b68c1387", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "aadcf5fa47ff95c7314fe9f9b9b22407920d8c43de2e4ee484e890ee76e33e4e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b6f167cf-36e2-4f24-bfc2-a11a5e3981e5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ac69393f8be0cdb5d3a5236a705fe6e94b9f2aa7d0c51f70d81a30305254df69", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\nattractions as well as Perisean and Gegeruk Dances as the arts of Lombok, West Nusa \n\nTenggara Province.  \n\n In educational aspect, the hegemony was imposed by sending the traditional \n\nleaders and the government civil servants coming from the community of Islam Wetu \n\nTelu living at Bayan District to the training programs and by building madrasah schools \n\nand pondok pesantren close to the governmental offices  so that their security and \n\nsustainability could be maintained. It was also intended to inform to the followers of \n\nIslam Wetu Telu living at Bayan District that it was important for them to understand \n\nIslam totally. \n\n The resistance of the followers of Islam Wetu Telu to the ideological domination \n\nof the government which collaborated with the followers of Islam Waktu Lima was \n\nshown by their refusal of the political discourse of the government. Such a refusal was \n\nrealized by tightening the customary rules and regulations and revitalizing and \n\nmaintaining the belief inherited from their ancestors and by avoiding their leaders \n\nknown as Kyai Keagungan (Penghulu, Lebe, Ketib and Mudim) from communicating \n\ntoo much with outsiders. They could only communicate within the kampu (the area \n\nwhere the followers of Islam Wetu Telu and their leaders usually met). Their resistance \n\nwas also shown by refusing the assistance in the form of mosque construction, not \n\nattending shalat Jumat (ritual prayers performed on Fridays) and pengajian at the \n\nmosque.  \n\n The social political resistance was shown by throwing something at their \n\nmosques to express that they did not agree with what had been done by the government \n\nto control their land and to give it to the followers of Islam Waktu Lima. In addition, \n\nthey did not agree with the content of the dakwah delivered by the preachers (Tuan \n\nGuru) who were the followers of Islam Waktu Lima or orthodox Islam either. The \n\nreligious and traditional leaders of Islam Wetu Telu at Bayan District was made so \n\ndeeply disturbed that there was no harmonious relationship between them and Tuan \n\nGurus or Ustads (Islamic teachers). Therefore, they were not welcome by the \n\ncommunity of Wetu Telu Sasaknese ethnic group at Bayan District. Socio culturally, \n\ntheir resistance was shown by protesting that they were not involved in the competition \n\nof the local traditional costumes.", "start_char_idx": 8068, "end_char_idx": 10438, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b6f167cf-36e2-4f24-bfc2-a11a5e3981e5": {"__data__": {"id_": "b6f167cf-36e2-4f24-bfc2-a11a5e3981e5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3599", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "83fbfc552174cace527941e879b373d46725579132f9e93b53034582b726a90e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "63429f38-2419-4835-aa56-a8f051348033", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "7a834eef47033dd319e024e18a996c3bb6e2d1c4ba97e0d08cac8cd99de9f195", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "63020383-d6c0-4861-b68e-2654293eb50e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "795f87a862fb6abc95a8c006d1f00b6b75b92f0d68164e66ab76fa4b830aaa10", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\n With regard to educational aspect, the resistance was shown by the refusal given \n\nby the traditional leaders and the government civil servants who were followers of Islam \n\nWetu Telu not to  attend the training program in which the participants where trained to \n\nbe preachers and Jemaah Tabliq. The resistance was also shown by their refusal of \n\nmadrasah schools or pondok pesantren. They showed this by not sending their children \n\nto these types of schools which were considered to give lessons related to Islam \n\northodoxy and to contradict the tradition and culture inherited from their ancestors. \n\n The effects of the hegemony imposed by the government and the resistance \n\nshown by the followers of Islam Wetu Telu at Bayan District were that they socially \n\naffected the community, they were responsible for the paradox of cultural preservation, \n\nand they narrowed the power of the Wetu Telu Sasaknese ethnic group at Bayan District. \n\nIn addition, the politics of power performed by the government by collaborating with the \n\nfollowers of Islam Waktu Lima led to a disharmony in the community.  \n\n To give meanings to the attempts made by the Wetu Telu Sasaknese ethnic group \n\nliving at Bayan District, a struggle was needed to maintain their collective identity. In \n\nthis manner, they would have a self identity and the government and the followers of \n\nIslam Waktu Lima would be aware that they should appreciate the customs, the \n\ntraditions, and the belief of the followers of Islam Wetu Telu living at Bayan District. In \n\naddition, an understanding that a culture was the form of appreciation and creativity of \n\nthe community of Wetu Telu Sasaknese etnic group living at Bayan District needed to be \n\nmaintained and preserved by its community. When activities were done and rituals were \n\nperformed at the old mosques, the government and the followers of Islam Waktu Lima \n\nshould not interfere with them provided what was done was within the human \n\nlimitations so that the meaning of cultural preservation could be provided. \n\n Such a cultural preservation could improve the relationship between the \n\nfollowers of Islam Wetu Telu at Bayan District and the government and the followers of \n\nIslam Waktu Lima. By appreciating the culture of Wetu Telu Sasaknese ethnic group at \n\nBayan District, tolerance, togetherness and the sense of belonging to one family among \n\nthe community elements at Bayan District, North Lombok Regency would be created. \n\nAnd this would lead to unity. It is also hoped the government and the followers of Islam \n\nWaktu Lima would not interfere too much with the customs and belief of Wetu Telu", "start_char_idx": 10444, "end_char_idx": 13093, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "63020383-d6c0-4861-b68e-2654293eb50e": {"__data__": {"id_": "63020383-d6c0-4861-b68e-2654293eb50e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3599", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "83fbfc552174cace527941e879b373d46725579132f9e93b53034582b726a90e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b6f167cf-36e2-4f24-bfc2-a11a5e3981e5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "b2010d500ada56d0a73814ded7f09655ed306df4b73e14ec2a806570a1c18a82", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c7e492a9-4968-4a63-a351-311ef62000f1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0297dea3219247cab666141d59fbfe3e45412185fd5d4a977562e679df88fa6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\n\nSasaknese ethnic group living at Bayan District. The government should respect \n\nhumanity and keep anthropocentrism away. In other words, the government should not \n\nconsider that the other parties were not important and that it was not everything or was \n\nthe most powerful. In this manner, the Lombok great proverb Patuh Patuh Pacu would \n\ncome true. What is meant by this proverb is togetherness, family atmosphere and unity. \n\nIn addition to the philosophical and multicultural meaning, the creativity of the Wetu \n\nTelu Sasaknese ethnic group at Bayan District should be appreciated, respected and be \n\nequally treated. From the dynamism taking place, it is important to maintain and \n\npreserve the cultures of ethnic groups which beautify and form the national culture.  \n\n \n\nNew Findings of the Research \n\n The new findings of the research are as follows: \n\n1. Theoretically, most of the Sasaknese people were not familiar with the \n\ndifferences in religious teachings; however, the implementations were adjusted \n\nto different customs and cultures; \n\n2. The differences of what was believed by the Wetu Telu Sasaknese Etnic Group \n\nfrom the teachings of Islam and its traditions formed the historical experiences \n\nundergone by the community of the Sasaknese Etnic Group in Lombok, West \n\nNusa Tenggara. \n\n3. As the central institution, the government should mediate and protect all the \n\ncommunity members. However, in reality, the government was not considered to \n\nprotect and serve the community optimally; consequently, refusal or opposition \n\ncould not be avoided and this was not in accordance with the concept of \n\nmulticulturalism. \n\n4. The mission of the dakwah delivered by Tuna Gurus and their followers in \n\nspreading Orthodox Islam scared the religious and traditional leaders of the Wetu \n\nTelu  Sasaknese people  at Bayan District. The reason is that the mission of such \n\ndakwah was considered a threat on the preservation of the great values already \n\ninherited from their ancestors.  \n\n5. The meanings which appeared from the hegemony imposed by the government \n\nand the resistance of the Wetu Telu Sasaknese people living at Bayan District", "start_char_idx": 13099, "end_char_idx": 15269, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c7e492a9-4968-4a63-a351-311ef62000f1": {"__data__": {"id_": "c7e492a9-4968-4a63-a351-311ef62000f1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3599", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "83fbfc552174cace527941e879b373d46725579132f9e93b53034582b726a90e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "63020383-d6c0-4861-b68e-2654293eb50e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "c0bec377193a39a9610c2bbfcb08cd0c4b32abe12bffcabe4176e04ca1aea10b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "151fcf75-27e9-40f8-a626-08666dea3bcc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e0644616ff64a53041442ef819cd8e468f60bb562011cc2c41aef893d48140ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8\n\nwere that the meaning of disharmony, the meaning of instability and the meaning \n\nof being ironic. \n\n6. The government, as the ruler, played an important role in implementing the \n\npower. The government and the followers of Islam Waktu Lima should not be \n\nanthropocentric that they were the only most important parties and the most \n\npowerful. They should maintain togetherness, family atmosphere and unity so \n\nthat a civilized, nationally moralized multicultural  community would be created.  \n\n \n\nConclusions \n\n The first conclusion is that the hegemony imposed by the government upon the \n\nWetu Telu Sasaknese Etnic Group at Bayan District, North Lombok Regency, includes a \n\nnumber of particular aspects. They are religious ideological aspect, socio political \n\naspect, socio cultural aspect and educational aspect. In religious ideological aspect, the \n\ngovernment suggested that every Muslim should address his/her prayers at any Mosque \n\nof Islam Waktu Lima. In socio political aspect, the government controlled the land \n\nbelonging to the Wetu Telu Sasaknese Etnic Group at Bayan District and empowered the \n\nreligious teachers (known as Tuan Guru/Ustad) to deliver Islamiyah dakwah . In socio \n\ncultural aspect, the government preserved the culture of the Wetu Telu Sasaknese people \n\nat Bayan District such as old mosques, traditional houses and arts as tourist attractions. \n\nEven their arts were used to represent the arts of West Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. In \n\neducational aspect, the traditional leaders and the government civil servants coming \n\nfrom the Wetu Telu ethnic group were sent to attend the religious training programs and \n\nmadrasah and pondok pesantrens were established.  \n\n The second conclusion is that the resistance of the Wetu Telu Sasaknese people at \n\nBayan District was shown by their refusal of the assistance in the form of rehabilitation \n\nof the old mosques, by not attending the pilgrimage to the holy place Mekkah, and not \n\naddressing their prayers at any mosque. In addition, they did not attend the sholat \n\nperformed at any mosque and if they did, the left the mosque before the dakwah was \n\ndelivered. Their socio cultural resistance was shown by protesting the government that \n\nthey were not fully involved in any competition of local costumes. In educational aspect, \n\ntheir resistance was shown by refusing to be sent to any training program, by disagreeing", "start_char_idx": 15275, "end_char_idx": 17693, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "151fcf75-27e9-40f8-a626-08666dea3bcc": {"__data__": {"id_": "151fcf75-27e9-40f8-a626-08666dea3bcc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3599", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "83fbfc552174cace527941e879b373d46725579132f9e93b53034582b726a90e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c7e492a9-4968-4a63-a351-311ef62000f1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "68a4857ef38983da70cb576af9379c4dc14ffc1bea4d4cc977cfca40efb8cf43", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ce47855d-15a4-4ba3-86e1-fc0a7a290f08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "98dac941db67475adb46c342a6706b81f05d38e7b151f1f03f828b84206e39b2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "9\n\nwith the establishment of madrasah schools or pondok pesaren in which the teachings of \n\nOrthodox Islam were provided, which, according to them, contracted their tradition and \n\nculture. \n\n The third conclusion is that the effect of being dominated by the government on \n\nthe socio community life of the Wetu Telu Sasaknese people at Bayan District was that \n\nthey felt less comfortable and less peaceful. Such a domination sharpened the \n\ndifferences in their views in such a way that it would result in disharmony. The Islam \n\northodoxy and the Islamiyah dakwah delivered by Tuan Gurus/Ustads would threat their \n\ntradition and culture and finally would fade their culture. The meaning obtained by \n\nmaintaining their tradition and culture was the meaning of struggling for identity. By \n\npreserving the culture as the appreciation and creativity of the Wetu Telu Sasaknese \n\ncommunity at Bayan Distict, the meaning of cultural preservation would be obtained. It \n\nis hoped, therefore, that the government should respect the human values highly, in \n\naddition to maintaining togetherness, family atmosphere and unity so that a multicultural \n\ncommunity as the realization of civilized and nationally moralized human beings would \n\ncome true.   \n\n  \n\n \n \n\nBibliography \n\n \n\nAdonis, Tito.  1989.  Suku  Terasing di Bayan Daerah Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.  \nJakarta  :  Depdikbud.  Dirjen  Kebudayaan. \n\nAli, M. Muhammad. 1999.  \u201dPraktek  Keberagaman Islam Waktu Telu di Lombok Nusa \nTenggara Barat\u201d. \u201dTesis\u201d. Program Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah \nJakarta. \n\nBarker, Chris.  2004.  Cultural Studies. Yogyakarta  :  Kreasi Wacana. \nBocock, Robert.  1986.  Hegemony.  Chichester :  Ellis Horword Limited. \nFoucault, Michael.  2002.  Pengetahuan dan Metode, Karya-karya Penting (suntingan, \n\nterjemahan Aesthetics, Method and Epistemology, Essential Works of \nFoucault 1954-1984). Yogyakarta : Jalasutra. \n\nGhozali,  Adeng Muchtar.  2005.  Pemikiran  Islam Kontemporer.   Bandung :  Pustaka \nSetia. \n\nGramsci, Antonio.  1971.  Selections from Prison Notebooks.  New York :  Internasional  \nPublisher. \n\nKaplan,  David  dan  Albert A. Manners.  1999.  Teori Budaya. Jakarta  :  Pustaka \nPelajar.", "start_char_idx": 17699, "end_char_idx": 19904, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ce47855d-15a4-4ba3-86e1-fc0a7a290f08": {"__data__": {"id_": "ce47855d-15a4-4ba3-86e1-fc0a7a290f08", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3599", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "83fbfc552174cace527941e879b373d46725579132f9e93b53034582b726a90e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "151fcf75-27e9-40f8-a626-08666dea3bcc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "5c8b0141ec313414d12037d5d2326dbca2abd6377e6b70c80790b2e2350ee197", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1947f546-8228-40db-88ba-b2ee2ba21057", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fbb4280651a40efccb7ff7ada91ea54fc14f30e6edb826e3930e00d3fab9e344", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "10\n\nMcDonnell.  2005.  Teori-teori Diskursus, Kematian Stukturalisme dan Kelahiran \nPostrukturalisme, dari Althusser Hingga Foucault (terjemahan).  Jakarta : \nTeraju-Mizan. \n\nMudana, I Gde. 2005.  \u201dPembangunan Bali Nirwana Resort di Kawasan Tanah Lot :  \nHegemoni dan Perlawanan di Desa Beraban, Tabanan, Bali\u201d. \u201dDisertasi\u201d : \nProgram Pascasarjanan Universitas Udayana Denpasar. \n\nParimartha, I Gde. 1987.  \u201dHubungan Bali \u2013 Lombok Abad XVI : Meniti Karya Sastra\u201d.  \nJurnal Widya Pustaka.  Denpasar :  Fakultas sastra Unibersitas Udayana. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004. Dunia yang Dilipat, Tamasya Melampui Batas-batas \nKebudayaan.  Yogyakarta  :  Jalasutra. \n\nRatna, Nyoman Kuta. 2005.  Sastra dan Cultural Studies : Representasi Fiksi dan Fakta.  \nYogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nSimon, Roger.  1999.  Gagasan-gagasan Politik Gramsci (Cetakan 1, terjemahan).  \nYogyakarta  :  Insist Press-Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nStrinati, Dominic.  2003.  Populer Culture.  Yogyakarta  :  Bentang  Budaya. \nSyakur, A.A. 2006.  Islam dan Kebudayaan \u201cAkulturasi Nilai-nilai Islam Dalam \n\nBudaya Sasak\u201d.  Yogyakarta :  Adab Press. \nZaelani, Kamarudin.  2007.  Satu Agama Banyak Tuhan :  Melacak Akar Sejarah \n\nTeologi Waktu Telu.  Mataram  :  Pantheon Media Pressindo.", "start_char_idx": 19910, "end_char_idx": 21154, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1947f546-8228-40db-88ba-b2ee2ba21057": {"__data__": {"id_": "1947f546-8228-40db-88ba-b2ee2ba21057", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3601", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "d5917af50e4837bf4d70d6eee93531e8a38c26032309b8fcf3b773354f39e14d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ce47855d-15a4-4ba3-86e1-fc0a7a290f08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3599", "author": "Wirata, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Subagiasta, I Ketut", "title": " THE HEGEMONY IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RESISTANCE OF WETU TELU SASAKNESE ETHNIC GROUP AT BAYAN DISTRICT, NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3599.pdf"}, "hash": "0be6e1090643bc6d75db01b5bf6f57f6705e276f3ed3ddcfc323e0b2b1adff1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6940f412-a461-4f01-ad79-5fbdeecf8cc3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f29b4687e9835cdeee544b13fbfb86fda5e18549d7691f3789727b8fa8bd8f53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Ardhi Wirawan_E-journal\n\n\n1\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\nIDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK \nSANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM \n\nCITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA \n \n\nI Wayan Ardhi Wirawan1, I Wayan Ardika2,  \nI Made Suastika2, Emiliana Mariyah2 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University  \nEmail: s2kjbdyunud@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Identity reproduction and image which actualized by soroh (clan) of Pasek \norganized in paguyuban (group) of Mahagotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi (MPSSR) \ntoward Hindu community in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara has closely \nrelation with social religious movement which has the effort to restructure \npermanent Hindu practices. This movement has the effort to represent their \nancestor practice contemporarily in term of social religious space in which \nmonolithic one it is accumulated to restructure the priest symbols. This \nphenomenon is indicated by the struggle in appointing pandita mpu as priest \nsymbol from MPSSR. Bhisama (spiritual message) deriving from their ancestor \nsoroh Pasek is based on operational basis of social religious movement actualized \nby MPSSR which is explicitly narrated that the ancestor of soroh Pasek has \nprevilese to be religious priests. Bhisama also says that the generation of soroh \nPasek can unite their family binding in term of indigenous relations. This \nphenomenon implies reunification among soroh Pasek for disposition to \nrestructure permanent sidhikara system since the history of Hindu community in \nMataram city.       \n This social religious of MPSSR is legitimated through the image for the \neffort to establish positive image to be distributed toward Hindu community in \nMataram city. The image creation is conducted by applying investment strategy of \nany capitals such a economy, culture, social and symbolic one in accordance with \ncapital concept proposed by Pierre Bourdieu to explain power relations. Identity \nreproduction and image of MPSSR toward Hindu community in Mataram city \nthough the appointment of pandita mpu and reunification of indigenous basis \nwhere it is closely related with the struggle in reaching symbolic power in Hindu \npractices.     \n \nKey words: reproduction, identity, image, MPSSR, Hindu community", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2332, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6940f412-a461-4f01-ad79-5fbdeecf8cc3": {"__data__": {"id_": "6940f412-a461-4f01-ad79-5fbdeecf8cc3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3601", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "d5917af50e4837bf4d70d6eee93531e8a38c26032309b8fcf3b773354f39e14d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1947f546-8228-40db-88ba-b2ee2ba21057", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "7eab2dfb5ef71b4dafb3c6a6d18c19a1d11ec81c885d5c1fde4f8608959d3fdc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bb732225-20b3-4f08-960e-bac7e9ace4e4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2304bd0a5feec79e21076d5aa0d793c5d318e410e42fe487c5fd53226382f76a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\nI. Introduction \n\n The identity becomes the matter taken place in this globalization era. \n\nIdentity as considered by Barker (2004:170) expressed through any form of \n\nrepresentation applied as media to recognize self and other person identity. \n\nIdentity in term of cultural study domain has closely relationship with the \n\nmeaning through preferences, belief, attitude and life style. Identity is not a \n\npermanent entity, but as self description filling by emotion. Concerning this \n\nphenomenon, the identity and identification matter enter the fields of social, \n\npolitical, cultural life and also in religious practice. \n\n Identity in religious practice arises in social religious movement of \n\nMahagotra Pasek Sanak Sapta rsi which is further abbreviated as MPSSR thorugh \n\nidentity reproduction and followed by image creation. This phenomenon has \n\nclosely relations with the effort to restructure social religious practice toward \n\nHindu community in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara for being synergy with \n\nthe civilization development of humans. Identity reproduction is indicated by \n\nreconfirmation of identity produced by their ancestor in the past contemporarily in \n\nglobalization era. The greatness of identity produced by their ancestor in the past \n\nis represented in social religious space which is accumulated monolithically in \n\nrestructuring of mantra (song of God) of priest symbol. \n\n In accordance with this phenomenon, this writing analyze three problems \n\nrelated with identity reproduction and image conducted by MPSSR in relations \n\nwith the effort to restructure priest symbol toward Hindu community in Mataram \n\nCity. The analysis focus is formulated into three aspects in term of form, cause \n\nfactors, and the effect as well as the meaning of identity reproduction and image \n\nof MPSSR toward Hindu community in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. \n\n   This writing is based on the field research using qualitative interpretative \n\nmethod. The data collection is conducted through observation, interview, and \n\ndocument study. To support the data validity, it is used triangulation technique. \n\nThe data collected in this research is mostly qualitative data in term of words, \n\nexpressions, and narrative text. The data is analyzed using descriptive \n\ninterpretative method through classification, reduction and interpretation steps.", "start_char_idx": 2345, "end_char_idx": 4716, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bb732225-20b3-4f08-960e-bac7e9ace4e4": {"__data__": {"id_": "bb732225-20b3-4f08-960e-bac7e9ace4e4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3601", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "d5917af50e4837bf4d70d6eee93531e8a38c26032309b8fcf3b773354f39e14d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6940f412-a461-4f01-ad79-5fbdeecf8cc3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "3d9b23f7322d2709c7ca3eab3973d9df1900e7772801f9370df7a60fbebb9b71", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c274c1d3-c4d3-4023-ac16-0147ad066e15", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "89125b8a330af05a9bcbe34b5229060cc2e4fd486a21c26b5d8dccce567c83ac", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\nThe research applies three theory to analyze data namely practical theory, social \n\nidentity theory, and representation theory. These three theories are applied \n\neclectically for the sake of understanding holistically about the three problems \n\nfocus proposed. \n\n \n\nII. Discussion  \n\n The research output shows that the form of identity reproduction of \n\nMPSSR is patterned through self identification genealogically and reconfirmation \n\nof their ancestor identity contemporarily.  The self identification process in \n\ngenealogic one to understand self identity in inscriptive one which is closely \n\nrelationship with primordial binding of soroh (clan). In empiric one, this \n\nmovement is conducted through a number of ways both rational and metaphysic \n\nones. First, self identification by tracing lelintihan (family clan) based on their \n\nkawitan (source of ancestor) available in their land of Bali in term of dadia \n\n(genealogic relations) binding. Second, tracing the usage of name in family \n\nespecially the names related with Pasek and sang sapta rsi  (seven priests). Third, \n\nlearning their family clan through story. \n\n The identification using metaphysic one is conducted by more scoring of \nbelief aspect which actualized through tow ways. First, by mepinton (natural \nsign). This is done by requesting from supernatural thorugh ritual to obtain their \nancestor identity in the past. Second, conducting ngengengan (natural sign via \nsmart person). This style is similar with mapinton, it is just different in ritual \nimplementation to make sense the expression said by smar person in trance \ncondition as a truth. \n Identification in genealogic that has been confirmed their ancestor identity \nas Pasek or Sang Sapta Rsi opens the opportunity to reconfirm their ancestor in \nthe past in social religious practice. Reconfirmation of their ancestor identity in \nthe past contemporarily is indicated by the movement which has the effort to \nrepresent the greatness of ancestor identity in social religious practice such as \nestablishing solidarity among MPSSR. Pasek babad (story) is a manuscript \ndescribing about the origin of soroh Pasek and bhisama (spiritual message) \nderived from their ancestor as symbolic power to unite soroh Pasek to establish \nsocial binding to substitute sidhikara system.  The accumulation of social \nreligious movement among MPSSR ends to ngadegang (appointment) of pandita \nmpu as priest symbol toward Hindu community in Mataram city. Tracing", "start_char_idx": 4721, "end_char_idx": 7211, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c274c1d3-c4d3-4023-ac16-0147ad066e15": {"__data__": {"id_": "c274c1d3-c4d3-4023-ac16-0147ad066e15", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3601", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "d5917af50e4837bf4d70d6eee93531e8a38c26032309b8fcf3b773354f39e14d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bb732225-20b3-4f08-960e-bac7e9ace4e4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "95dce912d886e93aa809fb9937e14d8494a470ae66fed2a6112b55999cb136f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fa742620-f333-4896-9bfe-e327b3060162", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ca600a89d116abd10dfa0bf5aafb55bd6ddb2bc91c76f86ccab4c791275c9eff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\ngenealogic identity especially toward Hindu community of Balinese ethnic \nobserving by Suryawan (2005:48-49) as the appearance of genealogic romantic \nsymptom using identity as powerful sword. Within the context of appointment \npriest symbol as if Suryawan verifies that genealogic identity as the powerful \nsword as tool to reach symbolic power.  \n Reconfirmation of ancestor identity contemporarily of MPSSR toward \nHindu community in Mataram City is supplied with self image both individual \nand collective one through economic investment strategy, culture, social and \nsymbolic one. This phenomenon is the effort to establish positive image \ndistributed into public memory space to reconstruct positive opinion toward \nHindu community in Mataram City. Investment strategy as capital makes synergy \nfor the effort to accumulate economic capital, cultural capital, social capital, and \nsymbolic capital as it is proposed by Pierre Bourdieu (1990). These investment \nstrategies verify capital mobilization to give description about power relationship \noperated in social religious practice toward Hindu community in Mataram City. \n The image related to the struggle of accumulation of symbolic power in \nreligious practices. Identity representation has the implication for the effort to \nappoint pandita mpu in genealogic one as priest symbol from MPSSR. Priest \nsymbol toward Hindu community in Mataram City in term of historic perspective \napplies maciwa-buddha concept, namely giving authority as pedanda ciwa and \npedanda Buddha to conduct ngeloka pala sraya (as guidance for Hindu in \nreligious activity). The two priest symbols above are determined in inscriptive one \na expressed by Wiana (2002:18) that pedanda ciwa in genealogic one for ancestor \nof Dang Hyang Dwijendra and pedanda Buddha deriving from the ancestor of \nDang Hyang Astapaka. \n Identity reproduction and image of Mpssr toward Hindu community in \nMataram City ends to appointment of pandita mpu in monolithic one a priest \nsymbol to indicate the appearance of movement to restructure permanent priest \nsymbol since the historic period. Construction of priest symbol within historic line \nthorugh expansion of power of Karangasem kingdom in Lombok. The exclusive \npriest symbol having palace center aims to arrange social religious of Balinese \nethnic of Hindu in new settlement in Lombok. The appointment of pandita mpu as \npriest symbol from MPSSR by representing their ancestor identity contemporarily \nby referring to bhisama prposed by Bourdieu as an implementation of cultural \nsymbol construction. \n The cause factors of identity reproduction and image among members of \nMPSSR is categorized into a number of aspect. First, the growth of critical idea \namong MPSSR. This phenomenon is actualized in critical attitude for the effort to \nhave critic of permanent practice of Hindu. Second, the effort to establish \nreunification in indigenous basis namely the effort to unite Hindu having similar", "start_char_idx": 7216, "end_char_idx": 10197, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fa742620-f333-4896-9bfe-e327b3060162": {"__data__": {"id_": "fa742620-f333-4896-9bfe-e327b3060162", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3601", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "d5917af50e4837bf4d70d6eee93531e8a38c26032309b8fcf3b773354f39e14d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c274c1d3-c4d3-4023-ac16-0147ad066e15", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "c8ab57377937c75c16471b966860566cdff4b32bc677089bb369109f0bd3bd2d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9c9219c4-ae7b-48b3-b68f-41ececd78c48", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2a6b8a34318b8870bc1cc6036438421b23bdf9d0d838d5d2b98b37a82e6db717", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\nclan especially soroh Pasek. Third, to anticipate symbolic violence operated by \nHindu practice. A number of violence which is not seen from eyes has been \ndominated by soroh Pasek that must be eliminated by MPSSR. Fourth, there is an \neffort to deconstruct in term of \u201ctraditional truth\u201d in religious practice supporting \nstatus quo who tend to marginalize other group especially those having previlise \nto be appointed as religious priests. MPSSR struggles to open space for \ninterpretation toward Hindu principle in contextual one. \n The fifth cause factor appears movement to resistant of social discipline in \naccordance with concept proposed by Michel Foucault (in Dwipayana, 2004:66) \nrelated to the refusal toward constructions of social harmony by pressing \nindividual in strict social structure. Sixth, the struggling of symbolic power \nthrough ideological apparatus. This phenomenon is in accordance with the \nconcept of ideology state apparatus proposed by Louis Althusser (2004). \nSymbolic power struggled by MPSSR through the soft tool in which it is accepted \noperationally as a scientific one. They make legitimacy for social religious \nmovement by showing texts from Veda as well as its explanation of smrti. \nSeventh, the effort to construct discursive practice with identity tool in socio-\nreligious practice indicated by movement which has   a tendency to construct \nknowledge in social religious practice closely related with power. Eighth, the \nappearance of effort to reduce exclusive practice for Hindu. This phenomenon is \nindicated by the effort movement to eliminate exclusive condition concerning \nprevilese accepted by brahmanas wangsa as status quo group for holding \nauthority to appoint religious priests. \n The effect of identity reproduction and image is categorized into four, \nnamely, social effect, cultural effect, political effect and economic effect.  Social \neffect is indicated establishment of reunification on indigenous basis, \nstrengthening militant for the primordial binding, polarization of followers to \nminority member and conflict in religious practice. Reunification on basis of \nindigenous is indicated through unity of existing Hindu in Mataram city for the \nsake of similarity of soroh (clan). Strengthening militant condition on primordial \nbinding to be indicated through strengthening f struggle establishes social system \nfor the effort to substitute sidhikara system that has been permanent for hundred \nyears. Polarization of Hindu  namely the occurrence of grouping among supporter \nof reformation and the supporter of status quo. Conflict in religious practice is \nindicated by the existence of acceptance and on the other side the refusal toward \nrestructuring in religious practice that has been preserved. \n Cultural effect is indicated by ratification of genealogic identity, critical \npower development, deconstruction of permanent religious practice, religious \npractice othopractice, and enforcement of followers internally. Ratification of \ngenealogic identity refers to Lukack (in Takwin, 2009:133-1340 as an ideology t", "start_char_idx": 10202, "end_char_idx": 13300, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9c9219c4-ae7b-48b3-b68f-41ececd78c48": {"__data__": {"id_": "9c9219c4-ae7b-48b3-b68f-41ececd78c48", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3601", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "d5917af50e4837bf4d70d6eee93531e8a38c26032309b8fcf3b773354f39e14d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fa742620-f333-4896-9bfe-e327b3060162", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "fb8934a67679a335b8e33fa7040816ff58026a37978633925c519c1a2a575e3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a7673698-7057-433a-98b7-349bd39e078a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "02a0cb3e2e9cf71f4f0da5c07a56eac8ec50b25d9fbb669ad1031249c19dece6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\nrepresent a temporary condition to be permanent and natural one. In accordance \nwith this phenomenon, social movement of MPSSR has the effort to establish \nsustainability of identity in the past and referred for the occurrence of critical idea \nimplemented into critical attitude and further actualized to make synergy of \nreligious practice in this civilized development. \n Deconstruction refers to Derrida (in Barker, 2004:20) involves the vulgar \ncritic from opponent view of hierarchy concept. Deconstruction toward religious \npractice varies toward Hindu community in Mataram city is place in delayed \naspect toward the meaning produced by social religious that has been permanent \nby supporters of status quo. The delayed meaning in distortive one at the same \ntime by MPSSR is followed by meaning production for the effort of civilization \ndevelopment. Practice of orthopractice refers to Andang (1998:71) as the effort to \nmake religion as the effort for emancipative, the effort to appreciate any form of \nlife in complexity one and needs to keep on maintaining for searching humans \ntranscendental without ignoring the practice source. In accordance with this \nphenomenon, social movement of MPSSR has the effort to make this religion \nfamiliar by first placing emancipator aspect. The enforcement of followers \ninternally, namely through quality improvement of heterogeneous followers by \nconducting activities related to gradation of followers understanding for religious \nvalues. \n Political effect involves the entrance of politic and power in religious \npractice, transformation of priest status and open the opportunity of symbolic \npower reproduction. The entrance of political and power within religious practice \nespecially in the domain of priest symbol becomes the parameter that in \nimplementing religion will refer to interest and domination aspects. \nTransformation of priest status is the effort to struggle all priests admitted to have \nsimilar position and unlimited from kewangsaan (profession). Opening the \nopportunity of symbolic power reproduction if genealogic identity among MPSSR \nis ratified and considered as historic and natural phenomenon. In the meanwhile, \neconomic effect is namely the struggle for strategy of production factor \ninvestment. \n The explicit meaning in identity reproduction and image is categorized \ninto five. First, political meaning is indicated by struggle in political identity in \nwhich it is operated an ideology for the effort to establish power relation. Second, \nadaptive meaning is indicated by the effort of MPSSR in establishing synergy \nbetween Hindu practice and acceleration of human civilization development. \nThird, solidarity meaning is namely to establish social relationship through a \nnumber of tools such as the formation of basic binding of semi-mythology \nbinding, worship binding, symbolic binding and name (title) binding. Fourth, \neducational meaning is the meaning in the effort to improve religious quality", "start_char_idx": 13305, "end_char_idx": 16305, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a7673698-7057-433a-98b7-349bd39e078a": {"__data__": {"id_": "a7673698-7057-433a-98b7-349bd39e078a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3601", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "d5917af50e4837bf4d70d6eee93531e8a38c26032309b8fcf3b773354f39e14d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9c9219c4-ae7b-48b3-b68f-41ececd78c48", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "1d74c1f24a799b33cb277c081d5b64f55fff21cb27cba66ef7bad370b4c73f86", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c1fe0005-fb16-4408-b5b0-671a3ed9c6bd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2049ef47dcc0469b8ba750b22f7dad05def1585617a0654fb0c8b69ece8e0569", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\nthrough gradation of sraddha and bhakti. In other dimension, it appears tendency \nof rethinking religious practice entering this globalization era. Fifth, religious \nmeaning has closely relationship with the achievement of religion objective \nthrough implementation of bhisama as symbolic power in the effort to implement \nperfect life. Sixth, cultural meaning is namely construction of cultural symbols in \nthe domain of religious practice. \n \n\nIII. Conclusion \n Based on above explanation related to identity reproduction and image of \nMpSSR toward Hindu community in Mataram city, West Nusa Tenggara, it is \nobtained three novelties. First, social religious movement of MPSSR represent \ngenealogic identity contemporarily in the effort to establish reunification in \nindigenous basis toward minority group having closely relations with the effort to \npermanent social religious practice. Second, social religious of MPSSR is \nmonolithically accumulated in restructuring of song of God as priest symbol. \nThird, MPSSR has the effort to deconstruct exclusively in religious practice in \nhistoric perspective to construct palace center and the effort to construct \ninclusiveness having center community. \n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMNT \nThe writer expresses his gratitude to Director of Postgraduate Prof. Dr. Ir. I Dewa \nNgurah Suprapta, M. Sc., Assistant Director I Prof. Dr. Ni Luh Sutjiati Bharata, \nM.A., Assistant Director II Dr. I Putu Gede Sukaatmaja, S.E., M.P., for any \nassistance, facilities and motivation assigned to the completion of this writing. A \ndeep gratitude also goes to Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U and Prof. Dr. I Nyoman \nKutha Ratna, S.U as the Head and Secretary Program of Doctoral Degree of \nCultural Study for their guidance, motivation and attention. In this good occasion, \nthe writer also express his thanks to Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A, as promoter, \nProf. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U as Copromotor I and Prof. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, \nM.S as Copromotor II for their guidance and motivation assigned in full patience \nfrom beginning to the completion of this dissertation. Expression of thank also \ngoes to all parties that have assisted in completion of this dissertation.", "start_char_idx": 16310, "end_char_idx": 18511, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c1fe0005-fb16-4408-b5b0-671a3ed9c6bd": {"__data__": {"id_": "c1fe0005-fb16-4408-b5b0-671a3ed9c6bd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3603", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "f38c83d372c4e2f66357f3a486593cd4bfd246697b5b172aa0ebff20bb92483e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a7673698-7057-433a-98b7-349bd39e078a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3601", "author": "Ardhi Wirawan, I Wayan; Ardika, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " IDENTITY REPRODUCTION AND IMAGE OF MAHAGOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI TOWARD HINDU COMMUNITY IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3601.pdf"}, "hash": "4de64395474f3221a66451066781349b25066aa886ce9942843bcf412ccbd44e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "01501cb2-4302-4557-915d-3261f690fb88", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "36a910ed9cdf7ee8f4e3abaf8a3b194d774a242aa7e27175c6294426b6af23b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - IvanRBKaunang_E-journal\n\n\nCOMODIFICATION OF  MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, \n NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA \n\n \n \n\nIvan Robert Bernadus Kaunang1, I Nyoman Kutha Ratna2, \nAron Meko Mbete2, I Gde Semadi Astra2 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nEmail: ivanzkaunang@yahoo.co.id \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n This research explores Comodification of Maengket Dance in Minahasa (Tari \nMaengket hereon abbreviated to TM) in the globalization era. It reveals the empirical \nfield reality related to comodification. The influence of global culture in Minahasa has \nbeen responsible for the cultural practices of capitalism such as the emergence of cultural \nindustry which refers to the comodification of cultural forms as amusement industry, \nmass culture, popular culture and culture of consumerism. The TM has been comodified, \ncommercialized, touristified in such a way that new meanings and forms are created.  \n This research is focused on (1) form of the comodification of the  TM in \nMinahasa, North Sulawesi in the globalization area; (2) the factors which have been \nresponsible for the comodification of the  TM Minahasa, North Sulawesi, and (3) the \neffects and meanings of the comodification of the TM in Minahasa, North Sulawesi in the \nglobalization era. \n The related data were collected through interview, observation and documentation \nand they were descriptively, qualitatively and interpretatively analyzed. The data sources \nare some key informants and some other ordinary ones. The purposive method was  \nemployed to interview them. The theories used are the theory of comodification \n(Fairlough), the theory of popular culture (Williams and Agger), the theory of \ndeconstruction (Derrida) and the theory of representation (Hall). \n The research findings show that comodifation has tended to the shift of the TM \nvalues following the pattern of arts organized by the ruler and entrepreneur, the pattern of \ndistribution  carried out through the inter group or institutional power relationship, and \nthat the form of comodification has taken place from the process of production to the \ncommunity of consumers which have been conditioned. It has also been found out that \nthe factors of the supporting community, the creativity of the artists, Christianization, \nindustry of culture, mass media and tourism have been responsible for the comodification \nof the TM in Minahasa. The effects of the comodification are that the orientation of the \nmagic-religious values has shifted to Christianity, the creativity of the artists has been \nshackled, and the minahasanese political identity has become crystallized. And then, the \nmeanings of the comodification are competitiveness, contestation, image, well-being, and \nrepresentation of minahasanese identity.  \n \nKey words: commodification, Maengket Dance, Minahasa, North Sulawesi, \n\nglobalization", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2969, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "01501cb2-4302-4557-915d-3261f690fb88": {"__data__": {"id_": "01501cb2-4302-4557-915d-3261f690fb88", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3603", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "f38c83d372c4e2f66357f3a486593cd4bfd246697b5b172aa0ebff20bb92483e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c1fe0005-fb16-4408-b5b0-671a3ed9c6bd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "790a29f0e935212442038d2d4ed096ed4bf2592be5faef8fe7bb7c6152df599f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1f23520b-c2b5-4212-b46d-1bc76953edcd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "43de04e0ff94ef6db2598f51daff5f888d592ad5e86f845771c555ab5a7aac86", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Background \n \n\nThe influence of global culture in Minahasa has been responsible for the cultural \n\npractices of capitalism such as the appearance of cultural industry which refers to the \n\ncomodification of cultural forms as amusement industry, mass culture, popular culture \n\nand culture of consumerism. The fact that TM has been comodified, commercialized, \n\ntouristified is reflected by the current form of the Maengket Dance (Tari Maengket \n\nhereon abbreviated to TM).  \n\n The  TM in Minahasa used to be performed as a sacred dance and to have \n\nhighly religious meanings. It used to be performed at particular events such as the event \n\nwhen it was time to harvest rice. The expressions sung were directed to Empung Walian \n\nWangko, God, the Almighty. Before the twentieth century, the TM did not undergo any \n\nchange with regard to its forms of representation, its context and setting. The TM was \n\nperformed as a ceremonial ritual activity in various aspects of traditional life of Minahasa \n\ncommunity. Now it has been performed for three aspects of tradition such as harvesting \n\nrice (maowey kamberu), dedicating new houses (rumamba) and youth social intercourse \n\n(lalayaan). \n\n The interaction of interests in the process of the comodification of the TM \n\ninvolves the production agetnt, the distribution agents, and the consumers. The process of \n\ncomodification acted by the entrepreneur and the government in producing and \n\ndistributing the TM including the culture of its supporting community is interesting and \n\nrelevant to explore in the perspective of cultural studies. \n\n \n\nDiscussion \n\nThe form of comodification of the  TM in Minahasa in the globalization era has \n\nfollowed the patterns of arts organized by the entrepreneur (the capital owner) and the \n\nruler (the government). They have produced the TM and have distributed it as an attempt \n\nto fulfill the demand of the market and consumers. \n\nThe comodification of the TM has taken place from the process of production and \n\ndistribution. It has taken place in various forms of consumption. As a whole it has been \n\ncomodified and its elements have been comodified as well. As far as its current form is \n\nconcerned, the dancers performing it, its movements and formation , the accompanying", "start_char_idx": 2974, "end_char_idx": 5244, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1f23520b-c2b5-4212-b46d-1bc76953edcd": {"__data__": {"id_": "1f23520b-c2b5-4212-b46d-1bc76953edcd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3603", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "f38c83d372c4e2f66357f3a486593cd4bfd246697b5b172aa0ebff20bb92483e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "01501cb2-4302-4557-915d-3261f690fb88", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "307acbb2c2de7f28b9477d305369a2e7829a1c7b35196ccfd80779611241052a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "828d7bb6-7eba-4c44-b67c-3784d7bc0c4f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "493d5ea76a796eb119749ee8b5bd835fa44487ecd0e62ab3f1f45787d4279c50", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "instruments , the uniform and make up worn by the dancers, the property, the place where \n\nit is performed have all  been comodified in such a way that it may satisfy the consumers \n\n(the market).   \n\nThe factors which have been responsible for the comodification of the TM are its \n\nsupporting community, the artists with their creativity and innovation, and the \n\nconstruction of the minahasanese identity as a response to the pressure of the global \n\nculture. Apart from those factors, the factors such as Christianization, the mixture of the \n\nglobal culture and local culture, the cultural industry, the mass media as the popular \n\ncultural agent, and tourism have also led to the comodification.  \n\nThe effects of the comodification of the  TM in Minahasa in the globalization era \n\nare that the orientation of the religious magical values has shifted resulting from the \n\nconversion from the traditional religion into Christianity, the creativity of the artists \n\nwhich has been shackled as a consequence of  the structural domination, the TM products \n\nwhich have been claimed by several organizations known as the comodifying groups as \n\nthere is a power relationship between them and the ruler (the government). In addition, \n\nthe comodiying groups also have capital of power and knowledge. There are still some \n\nother factors which have also led to the shift of orientation of the religious magical \n\nvalues. Those factors are the artists and the cultural observers who belong to the same \n\npolitics of arts get united, the socio capital which binds the Minahasa leaders coming \n\nfrom different background of influences, and the comodifying groups have power to \n\ncreate the community of consumers (accessibility of capital). Structural domination, \n\ncultural claim, and the conditioned eliticism of groups of arts have made the creativity of \n\nthe artists and cultural observers who belong to the same politics of arts and those who \n\nare marginalized, being not included in the those elite groups, shackled. Then, the next \n\neffect is that there is a political crystallization of identity on the identity of the ethnic \n\ngroup of Minahasa and on the identity which unifies the other plural and multicultural \n\nethnic group communities in Minahasa. \n\nThe meanings of the TM in Minahasa in the globalization era are competitiveness, \n\ncontestation, imagology, and well-being which refer to the economic benefit and \n\nexchange values in the forms of status, image and group identity. Then the meaning of", "start_char_idx": 5249, "end_char_idx": 7763, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "828d7bb6-7eba-4c44-b67c-3784d7bc0c4f": {"__data__": {"id_": "828d7bb6-7eba-4c44-b67c-3784d7bc0c4f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3603", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "f38c83d372c4e2f66357f3a486593cd4bfd246697b5b172aa0ebff20bb92483e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1f23520b-c2b5-4212-b46d-1bc76953edcd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "a3fd0553d9d690bc007073af686e2eb35be282248fc84e88f30af8824995473a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1f64019b-bc4a-4fb3-b578-d49099d2956d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8520e41237a45ef89a3ae64e530b6b32d1f9b94c22a6b985dfaf6155ee183ef6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "the representation of Minahasaness identity is expressed in many ways and is reflected by \n\nthe dancing uniform, the dancing formation, the sounds and the lyrics.  \n\n \n\nNovelties \n\n The novelties of this study are as follows. \n\n1. The finding which enriches the concept and theory of comodification is called the \n\nlayer or stacked comodification. \n\n2.  The finding that there have been claims made by several studios of arts such as \n\nAssociation of  Waranei Wulan Minahasa (Persatuan Waranei Wulan Minahasa \n\nhereon abbreviated to IWMM), Association of  Maengket Massamper (Persatuan \n\nMaengket Massamper hereon abbreviated to PMM) of North Sulawesi, Institute \n\nof Arts and Culture of North Sulawesi, and the teams of arts of the TM from all \n\nthe regencies in Minahasa for the final products of the TM. \n\n3. The finding in the form of the concept and redefinition of the TM. Nowadays, the \n\nTM is referred to as a popular dance which can be performed in various places, \n\nany time and in various programs and activities. The dancers may wear colorful \n\nuniforms and may be adjusted to the context of the programs in which it is \n\nperformed. It may be performed by at least eight pairs of dancers, or at most \n\ntwelve pairs of both female and male dancers, or may also be colossally \n\nperformed by hundreds and thousands of dancers. The leader of the dance is \n\ncalled kapel and the musical instruments used are tambur, iron kolintang \n\n(momongan), gong, and tetengkoren (tuked). The TM has not been performed in \n\nthree stages any longer but now it has been performed as a formation of three \n\nthemes such as the themes of Maengket maowey kamberu, marimba, and \n\nlalayaan. These three themes may be performed as a package or separately, \n\ndepending on the context and the objective of the program for which it is \n\nperformed.  \n\n \n\nConclusions  \n\n The first conclusion is that the comodification of the TM takes place when it is \n\nproduced, distributed and consumed. The process of comodification takes place in the", "start_char_idx": 7768, "end_char_idx": 9787, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1f64019b-bc4a-4fb3-b578-d49099d2956d": {"__data__": {"id_": "1f64019b-bc4a-4fb3-b578-d49099d2956d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3603", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "f38c83d372c4e2f66357f3a486593cd4bfd246697b5b172aa0ebff20bb92483e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "828d7bb6-7eba-4c44-b67c-3784d7bc0c4f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "5323ea35fa92dec64273445439457c40162d6beb4a2397d5a8298fa411775e33", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f582b678-ab56-4d72-b9a1-682ddee8ce87", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c4f7766e334b0da444474689f5ca7cdce4f7c1f0d7e1b33f553142af31daed7c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "form of a package performed to welcome guests ceremonially, to dedicate a program \n\nactivity and to celebrate the anniversary of any regency, any town and the province. It is \n\nalso performed for evening of cultural entertainment, any festivals, any bestowal, any \n\nparade and any cultural carnival, any personal activity such as weeding parties and tourist \n\nattractions performed for domestic and foreign visitors.  \n\n The production and distribution of the form of the comodification of the TM in \n\nMinahasa has been done by the Association of Maengket Massamper (Perhimpunan \n\nMaengket Massamper, hereon  abbreviated to PMM) of North Sulawesi, the Association \n\nof Waraney Wulan Minahasa (Ikatan Waraney Wulan Minahasa , hereon abbreviated to \n\nIWWM), the Institute of Arts and Culture of North Sulawesi. The dancers, the \n\nchoreographers, the movements and the formation, the lyrics, the accompanying \n\ninstruments, the uniform, the property, and the place where the TM is performed to \n\nsatisfy the consumers (the market) have also been comodified. The pattern of distribution \n\nhas been made through the power relationship among the institutions, the studios of arts \n\nand the community of the consumers of the TM which is conditioned.  \n\n The second conclusion is that the supporting community, the creativity of the \n\nartists, the construction of minahasanese identity, Christianization, the mixture of the \n\nglobal culture and the local culture, the rapid development of cultural industry, the mass \n\nmedia of industry as the agent of popular culture, and tourism industry have been \n\nresponsible for the comodification of the  TM in Minahasa. \n\n The third conclusion is that the effect and meaning of the comodification of the  \n\nTM in Minahasa in the era globalization are that the magical religious values have shifted \n\nresulting from the conversion of foso traditional religion into Christianity, the shackled \n\ncreativity of the artists, crystallization of the politics of identity and the meaning of well-\n\nbeing. As far as the meanings of the comodification of TM is concerned, the meaning of \n\ncompetition, the meaning of contestation, the meaning of image, the meaning of image \n\nand the meaning of the minahasanese identity representation are reflected through the \n\nproducts of dancing uniform, the formation of the dance, the sounds and the lyrics.", "start_char_idx": 9792, "end_char_idx": 12163, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f582b678-ab56-4d72-b9a1-682ddee8ce87": {"__data__": {"id_": "f582b678-ab56-4d72-b9a1-682ddee8ce87", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1f64019b-bc4a-4fb3-b578-d49099d2956d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3603", "author": "Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3603.pdf"}, "hash": "290692927f4b9dfef01af29f65b884b0f15fa9f6769a5cdbf8d0e28fe137d71e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dd9935bd-2372-488a-82fd-6c1b274d9bc2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a4003965d34e88323a2c0d66a3e278a402bc278ce7536ef0d8394bac76d44201", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Wesna Astara_E-journal\n\n\nSOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT  KUTA TRADITIONAL \nVILLAGE, BALI: \n\nFROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN \n(ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) \nIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES \n\n \n \n\nI Wayan Wesna Astara1, I Gde Parimartha2, \nI Nyoman Sirtha3, Emiliana Mariyah2 \n\n \n \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\n3Faculty of Law, Udayana University \nEmail: wesna_astara@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n This research explores the socio-political dynamics taking place at Kuta \nTraditional Village, Bali: from desa adat (traditional village) to desa pekraman (another \ntype of traditional village) in the perspective of cultural studies. There are three problems \nformulated in this research. The first problem is how the socio-political dynamics from \ndesa adat (traditional village) to desa pekraman (another type of traditional village) took \nplace at Kuta? The next problem is how the traditional village interacted with the \nadministrative village at Kuta? And the last problem, which is the third, is what were the \nimpacts and meanings of the change from desa adat to desa pekraman? In this study \nqualitative method was employed. And the data needed was obtained by employing the \ntechnique of in-depth interview, the technique of participatory observation, and \ndocumentation study. To give responses to the problems mentioned above, the theory of \nhegemony, the theory of deconstruction, the theory of conflict, the theory of power and \nknowledge and the theory of eclectically symbolic interaction were applied.  \n The findings show that the socio-political dynamics taking place Kuta Traditional \nVillage resulted in turbulence among the villagers. This is indicated by the Local Rules \nand Regulations (Perda) issued by Desa Pekraman of Number 3 of Year 2001. This \ncould be responsible for the factors of pro\u2019s and con\u2019s in various aspects. Clause (6) of \nArticle 3 of the Perda of Number 3 of Year 2001 was reversed by the leaders of Kuta \nTraditional Village. They did not agree that non-Hindu people were included as the \ntraditional village members. \n As far as the interaction between the traditional village and the administrative \nvillage is concerned, the governmental hegemony took place. The government applied \nhegemony to the traditional village through the administrative village in the form of rules \nand regulations. The local rules and regulations issued by the desa pekraman, as a legal \nproduct in Bali, are left crystallized sociologically, philosophically, and juridically.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2670, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dd9935bd-2372-488a-82fd-6c1b274d9bc2": {"__data__": {"id_": "dd9935bd-2372-488a-82fd-6c1b274d9bc2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f582b678-ab56-4d72-b9a1-682ddee8ce87", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "f2b7cacd70b88321e2a3f4cfa59e17cd50c74ce8213c574cb8cd8f3a7b87fc61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9e981f94-62be-4818-9041-498697eb9339", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "736783aa5f0d60ccfe4154c326ffd0a98f71171fb06cc9e55c6dfeb942ccd040", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "However, the dynamism of the traditional villagers in Bali will \u201cjustify\u201d to what extent \nsuch rules and regulations are justified and to what extent they are protective. The change \nof the Perda issued by the desa adat into that issued by the desa pekraman was not \nfollowed by Kuta Traditional Village by replacing the awig-awig (rules and regulations) \nissued by the desa adat or making loose agreements to adapt to the higher rules and \nregulations in addition to anticipating the migrants through the change in rules and \nregulations applicable at Kuta Traditional Village. Basically, the socio-political dynamics \ntaking place at Kuta Traditional Village as a consequence of the change made from desa \nadat to desa pekraman resulted in no important things. However, from the \u201csubstance\u201d \npoint of view, the change can be seen in the formation of   Majelis Desa Pekraman (the \nAssembly of Desa Pekraman) (Article 14), which is formed from below, and in the \nappearance of pecalang (traditional security) which is responsible for the security and \norderliness of the village area especially when traditional and religious activities are \nperformed. Actually, pecalang is an \u201cold product\u201d which is newly packaged with \u201cnew \nenthusiasm\u201d and is included in the Perda of Number 3 of Year 2001 issued by the Desa \nPekraman . The meanings created by the change made from Desa Adat to Desa \nPekraman are transformational, dialogic and dynamic. The desa pekraman is in the on-\ngoing process (which will never come to an end) of being integrated into the \nadministrative village. \n The findings show that there were multiple interpretations given by the leaders of \nKuta Traditional Village, as far as the articles in the Perda issued by the Desa Pekraman \nare concerned, governmental hegemony which was in the form of Rules and Regulations \nas the social transformation of the State by which villages are organized.  \n \nKey words: socio-political dynamics, traditional village, administrative village, and \n\nawig-awig (locally -made rules and regulations) of the desa adat.", "start_char_idx": 2675, "end_char_idx": 4744, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9e981f94-62be-4818-9041-498697eb9339": {"__data__": {"id_": "9e981f94-62be-4818-9041-498697eb9339", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dd9935bd-2372-488a-82fd-6c1b274d9bc2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "462888a410d0ce6505bce9c4841db3d4a8f8a222128c8809bfb59a747db64b6f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "35b63f7d-a513-405c-9104-eec59aa945df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c9a30d66ca3a7f220a03ccf42ce79ea160bb65c9345bb1265192007487cf6d2a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Background  \n\n This dissertation, which investigates the relationship among the elements in the \n\nvillage government, is entitled \u201cthe Socio-Political Dynamics Taking Place at Kuta \n\nTraditional Village, Bali: from Desa Adat (Traditional Village) to Desa Pekraman \n\n(another type of traditional village): in the Perspective of Cultural Studies. The term \n\n\u201cDesa Adat\u201d has been in existence since the Dutch Colonial Era. It refers to a traditional \n\ncommunity system which is traditionally organized with traditional or local leaders. The \n\nterm \u201cDesa Dinas\u201d (Administrative Village) has also been in existence since the Dutch \n\nColonial Era. It refers to an administrative village formally established by the \n\ngovernment.  \n\n Then, these two governmental systems were equally applied until the Indonesian \n\ngovernment was obtained and led to no problems. In the New Order Period, when the \n\nRules and Regulations of Number 5 of Year 1979 concerning Village Government was \n\nissued, the administrative village established by the government seemed to dominate the \n\ntraditional village government. Various matters which should have been handled by the \n\ntraditional village were taken over by the administrative village, although they were not \n\nits responsibilities. The traditional village felt marginalized and had no authorities, being \n\ndominated by the administrative village. \n\n To overcome the conflicts possibly arising during the New Order Era, the \n\ngovernment of Bali Province issued the Rules and Regulations of Number 06 of Year \n\n1986 which were supposed to link the traditional village and the administrative village. \n\nThis served as the reference which placed the traditional system and the administrative \n\nsystem in an equal position to jointly develop the village. These rules and regulations \n\nallowed the village government in Bali could be harmoniously run by paying attention to \n\nthe two elements which played important roles in developing the village. This seemed to \n\nbe in accordance with the 1945 Constitution (Article 18B, clause 2). This article supports \n\nand acknowledges the existence of the traditional system. It acknowledges and respects \n\nthe units under the traditional village with their traditional rights as long as they are still \n\napplicable and are in accordance with the societal development and the principles of the \n\nRepublic of Indonesia.", "start_char_idx": 4794, "end_char_idx": 7182, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "35b63f7d-a513-405c-9104-eec59aa945df": {"__data__": {"id_": "35b63f7d-a513-405c-9104-eec59aa945df", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9e981f94-62be-4818-9041-498697eb9339", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "46726c67ec84f98986b6d2e34fe44fc47c43a227b7adb55ad1c193890eb04419", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "601e1755-fdb3-4abf-a891-12f08e4c6268", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e793f8599c4033aa30bece431b5c76ccb7d8d5267165de5ab79010f6a9a6a56d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The Reformation Era, during which the governmental system changed \n\ndynamically, slightly changed the village government in Bali. There was turbulence \n\nbetween the administrative village and traditional village. The reason was that the former \n\nconsidered the latter had marginalized its authorities and system. A reaction appeared that \n\nthe existence of the administrative village should be evaluated. Then the Balinese \n\npoliticians, especially those who were elected the legislative assembly members at the \n\nprovincial level, agreed that a Perda (locally-made rules and regulations) should be made \n\nwhich could support the strength of the traditional village and marginalize the \n\nadministrative village. As a result, Perda of Number 3 of Year 2001 was issued. Then, \n\nsince it was applicable, the term \u201cDesa Adat\u201d was changed into \u201cDesa Pekraman\u201d to \n\nwhich the village government in Bali has referred to.  \n\n Its applicability was responsible for the pro\u2019s and con\u2019s resulting from how the \n\nsystem of the Desa Pekraman was implemented in Bali in general and in Kuta in \n\nparticular.  The term is Desa Pekraman but what has been carried out by the Kuta \n\ncommunity still refers to what was included in the system carried out by the Desa Adat. \n\nThis has been one of the problems created by the Reformation Era.  \n\n Based on what has been described above, a study on Kuta traditional community \n\nin the context of its current power, law and dynamism is essentially conducted. The area \n\nof Kuta Traditional Village is very strategic with its tourism activities.  In addition to \n\nbeing a traditional village with its traditional and cultural activities, it is also an \n\nadministrative and international (global) village.  It is this which has provided it with the \n\nopportunity either to adapt to and/or to resist against the political policies included in a \n\nlegal product. It is very clear that the reformation taking place at Kuta Traditional Village \n\nshows local dynamism in which the local rules and regulations (awig-awig) are employed \n\nfor organizing the traditional village members (krama adat), and the state\u2019s legal system \n\nand traditional agreements in the form of \u201csocial movements\u201d are used for organizing the \n\nmigrants. How the area (palemahan) and those occupying the area belonging to the \n\ntraditional village (pawongan) are organized follows the development of tourism. \n\n The socio political turbulence, as the dynamic aspect of the community, cannot be \n\nseparated from the hegemony applied by the \u201cgovernment\u201d to organize the community \n\nwith its various activities. Its social, political and economic activities are relevant for", "start_char_idx": 7188, "end_char_idx": 9851, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "601e1755-fdb3-4abf-a891-12f08e4c6268": {"__data__": {"id_": "601e1755-fdb3-4abf-a891-12f08e4c6268", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "35b63f7d-a513-405c-9104-eec59aa945df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "8111ca0ca402b1408861f86606f2c4bd1e51c33360beb78886420c17b43569fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "58bb37f7-9f24-4423-9e2b-d0acbf6d87f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "406a5607c5c31829b4919bf8a5bfac6f102bbc77128b4873842659815bd1eb48", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "exploration in the perspective of cultural studies. The reason is that historically Kuta \n\nTraditional Village has contributed a lot with its socio- political dynamics to the \n\ndevelopment of tourism in Bali. The change in political product from the Perda issued \n\nfor Desa Adat to that issued for Desa Pekraman has affected the local community \n\n(traditional community of Kuta). \n\n Based the background above, this research is focused on the following three \n\nproblems: 1) what socio-political dynamics took place when the term desa adat was \n\nchanged into the term desa pekraman at Kuta?; 2) what interaction took place between \n\nthe Traditional Village and the Administrative Village?; 3) what were the effects and \n\nmeanings of the change from desa adat into desa pekraman? Qualitative method was \n\nemployed in this study with interdisciplinary approach (social, political, legal, economic \n\nand anthropological) characterizing a study of cultural studies. To reveal the socio-\n\npolitical dynamics taking place at Kuta Traditional Village, the theory of hegemony, the \n\ntheory of deconstruction, the theory of relationship between power and knowledge, the \n\ntheory of conflict and the theory of symbolic interaction were employed. They were all \n\nused to reveal the socio-legal and socio-political dynamics eclectically.  \n\n \n\nThe Results \n\n It was found that Kuta Traditional Village was made to be marginalized by the \n\nRules and Regulations of Number 5 of Year 1979 issued by the New Order. The \n\nuniformity created, which was against the Bhineka Tunggal Ika (Diversity in Unity)was \n\nresponsible for this. However, the Governor of Bali (as the executive) and the Bali \n\nLegislative Assembly) responded to this problem by issuing  Perda of Number 06 of \n\nYear 1986. It, as cultural and legal politics, functioned to protect and to save the \n\ntraditional villagers of Bali (krama desa). With reference to it, the traditional village rules \n\nand regulations, termed as awig-awig, were produced and one of its consequences was \n\nthe establishment of the Village Credit Union (Lembaga Perkreditan Rakyat abbreviated \n\nas LPD).  \n\n Kuta Traditional Village, as the State\u2019s ideological apparatus, has indigenous \n\nautonomy which cannot be interfered with by the State. During the New Order area, the \n\nhegemony of the government was performed by issuing the Perda of Desa Adat of", "start_char_idx": 9856, "end_char_idx": 12236, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "58bb37f7-9f24-4423-9e2b-d0acbf6d87f2": {"__data__": {"id_": "58bb37f7-9f24-4423-9e2b-d0acbf6d87f2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "601e1755-fdb3-4abf-a891-12f08e4c6268", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "68d0416ade5624ec0232b3f81573dd9760817aed4e297e2595856ffc56874cd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f12bc908-e5d5-4cfc-aa46-71cd0b915d68", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "851d8a5f845dc277e8650416893d43130a6a4503c55fa0c2b908d74580dcc076", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Number 06 of Year 1986, as far as Article 12, Clause (1), Clause (1) and Clause (3) and \n\nArticle 12, Clause (1) are concerned, in which it was stated that the traditional village \n\nwas supervised by the Governor of Bali. In addition, in Article 12, Clause (1), it was \n\nstated that the Governor of Bali, when performing this responsibility, was assisted by \n\nMajelis Pembina Lembaga Adat (Traditional Institutions Supervising Committee) and \n\nBadan Pelaksana Pembina Lembaga Adat (Traditional Institutions Organizing \n\nCommittee). In Article 12, Clause (3) and Clause (2) it was stated that the Structures and \n\nOrganizations of the Majelis and Pelaksana Lembaga Adat were determined by the \n\nGovernor. This illustrates the hegemony applied by the government as their formations \n\nwere determined from above.  \n\n The New Order came to an end and the Reformation Era appeared. The Perda of \n\nDesa Adat mentioned above was replaced by the Bali Province Legislative Assembly) \n\nwith the Perda of Desa Pekraman of Number 3 of Year 2001. It is this which led to pro\u2019s \n\nand con\u2019s in various aspects. The Kuta Traditional Village leaders did not accept the \n\nPerda of Desa Pekraman, especially Article 3 Clause (6), which included non-Hindu \n\npeople as the traditional village members (krama desa).  \n\n In the interaction between the traditional village and administrative village, the \n\nhegemony applied by the government took place. The government applied hegemony to \n\nthe traditional village through the administrative village in the form of rules and \n\nregulations.  The rules and regulations, as a legal product in Bali, were left crystallized \n\nsociologically, philosophically and juridically without any problem. However, the \n\ntraditional villagers (krama Bali) will \u201cjustify\u201d to what extent they can be justified and to \n\nwhat extent they side with them. The change from the Perda of Desa Adat to the Perda \n\nof Desa Pekraman applied at Kuta Traditional Village was not followed by replacing the \n\nrules and regulations (awig-awig) issued by the traditional village by creating loose \n\nagreements to adapt to the higher rules and regulations, in addition to anticipating the \n\nmigrants through the change of awig-awig applied at Kuta traditional village.  \n\n Basically, the effects of the socio-political dynamics taking place at Kuta \n\ntraditional village resulting from the change of Desa Adat into Desa Pekraman were \n\nnothing, except the change with regard to name from Desa Adat into Desa Pekraman. \n\nHowever, from the \u201csubstance\u201d point of view, the change can be seen from the", "start_char_idx": 12241, "end_char_idx": 14828, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f12bc908-e5d5-4cfc-aa46-71cd0b915d68": {"__data__": {"id_": "f12bc908-e5d5-4cfc-aa46-71cd0b915d68", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "58bb37f7-9f24-4423-9e2b-d0acbf6d87f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "1a1aaa007fc386409bc00e70280263be9303791054fb2f09bf100ecb6055e800", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3ea18f5d-6fbc-437b-a9a5-5db93a628054", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "195e5c9a782242ba19af88eb8058edf5a62ee7f518e5c9e3eb138a42b6bf60f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "appearance of some institutions such as Majelis Desa Pekraman (an Assembly), as \n\nincluded in Article 14, which is formed from \u201cbelow\u201d and pecalang (traditional security), \n\nwhich is responsible for the security and orderliness all over the village, especially when \n\nreligious and traditional activities are performed. It is an \u201cold product\u201d but is \u201cnewly \n\npackaged\u201d in the Perda of Desa Pekraman of Number 3 of Yeaer 2001. The meanings of \n\nthe change from desa adat into desa pekraman are transformational, dialogic and \n\ndynamic. Desa Pekraman is still in the process, which will never come to an end, of \n\nbeing integrated into the administrative village.  \n\n \n\nFindings  \n\n The findings are as follows; the articles included in the Perda of Desa Pekraman \n\nwere multiply interpreted by the traditional village leaders, as far as what is included in \n\nits articles; the hegemony applied by the government was in the form of rules and \n\nregulations as a social transformation; the socio-political dynamics taking place at Kuta \n\nTraditional Village was influenced by the state\u2019s legal system, the indigenous autonomy \n\nwas based on desa mawacara (place, time and condition), Hinduism, the existing \n\ntraditions or the agreements made; and the concept of palemahan (residence) was badly \n\norganized resulting from the mobility of population and tourism. Sociologically, Kuta \n\ntraditional village still refers to the term \u201cdesa adat\u201d instead of the term \u201cdesa \n\npekraman\u201d. \n\n Furthermore, the establishment of Majelis Alit Desa Pekraman (a Minor \n\nAssembly) all over Kuta Sub District was not procedural for the reason that it should \n\nhave been formed from \u201cbelow\u201d instead of from \u201cabove\u201d, which was not in accordance \n\nwith the Perda of Desa Pekraman. In addition, the Majelis Alit Desa Pekraman  should \n\nhave recruited 25% of those who were familiar to Customary Law, Religion and Balinese \n\nculture and as its members. Its current members turned out to be dominated by the heads \n\nof the traditional villages (bendesa adat) and their staff (prajuru adat). However, when \n\nelection for the bendesa adat was carried out at Kuta traditional village in 2008, \n\ninnovation was already made. What is meant is that the model of election adopted \n\nreferred to the model when election for the regent or governor was conducted and that the \n\ncandidate should not have been any political leader of any level.  Moreover, the Pecalang", "start_char_idx": 14833, "end_char_idx": 17263, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3ea18f5d-6fbc-437b-a9a5-5db93a628054": {"__data__": {"id_": "3ea18f5d-6fbc-437b-a9a5-5db93a628054", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f12bc908-e5d5-4cfc-aa46-71cd0b915d68", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "c8dab26e16650d475048a05c06619c3c960c65d941f3aa06d13f648e539acc4b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7ebeff68-9dc7-4483-a7a5-1ff75f76b068", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3142d7139ca9195b9e1377eaac030ccaf6933542d020001e80ea1ee74beaf335", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "(Traditional Security) of Kuta traditional village, which was included in the Perda of \n\nDesa Pekraman and had been previously included in the local rules and regulations \n\n(awig-awig) of Kuta traditional village was \u201cjuridically\u201d formed in 1984.  \n\n \n\nConclusions \n\n The interaction between the traditional village and the administrative village, as \n\nincluded in Article 3, Clause (6) of the Perda of Desa Pekraman of Number 3 of Year \n\n2001, was assumed as the \u201csuicide\u201d article for the Kuta traditional community if not \n\nproperly implemented in the social reality. Unlike this article, which was so extreme, the \n\nprovisions concerning the residence (palemahan) and the traditional village autonomy \n\nwere not. The area of Kuta traditional village is next to Tuban traditional village, Legian \n\ntraditional village and to Pemogan traditional village. The residence of the Kuta \n\ntraditional villagers was not well organized, based on the residing principle and proposals \n\nmade by those who would like to stay there, as stated in the Perda of Desa Pekraman of \n\nNumber 3 of Year 2001, Article 3, Clause (2) that those would like to be the village \n\nmembers (krama desa) are those who have fulfilled the terms and conditions arranged in \n\nthe village rules and regulations (awig-awig). This means that those who are the village \n\nmembers (krama desa) are not only based on where they reside but also on the proposals \n\nmade for that (by those who are already married). In other words, those who are the \n\nvillage members do not have to reside in that area, but they can also reside outside the \n\narea and vice versa. The provisions concerning the autonomy of a traditional village \n\nshould be in accordance with Desa mawacara and desa, kala, patra (place, time and \n\ncondition) and the enthusiasm of human rights and nationality within the Republic of \n\nIndonesia. \n\n As a Tourist Village, Kuta traditional village has a long history with Chinese \n\nmigrants. There has been a positive interaction between them which can be seen from \n\nmutual understanding and multiculturalism in the forms of religious and traditional rituals \n\nand cross marriages between them.  \n\n The socio-legal aspects of the application of the Perda of Desa Pekraman of \n\nNumber 3 of Year 2001 were that Kuta traditional village and Tuban traditional village \n\n\u201cclaimed each other over the borderline\u201d and that there was a concept of \u201cbadly", "start_char_idx": 17268, "end_char_idx": 19685, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7ebeff68-9dc7-4483-a7a5-1ff75f76b068": {"__data__": {"id_": "7ebeff68-9dc7-4483-a7a5-1ff75f76b068", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3ea18f5d-6fbc-437b-a9a5-5db93a628054", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "49df019326dcdac13f1a52db6b0fd746fab3d909a35c5fca4ff599c12e199865", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f371b4dd-2cc0-4158-a06e-314ffbe20f95", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "26ddce46a71e2661aa0ffd9584e22785ab24a77b94503d5a428a8102713dd292", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "organized residence\u201d (saling seluk). The commercial effect, as far as Kuta traditional \n\nvillage is concerned, is that it is a promising business area; therefore,  a legal product \n\nshould be created in such a way that the government does not only  side with the big-\n\nscale entrepreneurs or \u201cinvestors\u201d (tebang pilih)  but the local ones as well. The \n\nmanagement of the beach, the local credit union (Lembaga Perkreditan Rakyat \n\nabbreviated as LPD) and the arts market, which have contributed a lot to the development \n\ncarried out all over Kuta traditional village, should be provided to the local entrepreneurs. \n\nWhen election was performed for the Kuta traditional village head in 2008, the \n\ncommittee was inspired by the legal product which is in the form of Rules and \n\nRegulations of Number 34 of Year 2004 concerning the village government. As a \n\nconsequence, the election was directly made by creating one voting place (Tempat \n\nPemungutan Surata abbreviated as TPS) in every banjar (the smallest neighborhood \n\nunder the village) all over Kuta traditional village as reflection of direct democracy at \n\nKuta traditional village.  \n\n The socio-political effect, as far as the traditional village autonomy is concerned, \n\nis that the traditional village has indigenous autonomy instead of the \u201cautonomy provided \n\nby the State \u201c and this is referred to as  the ideological apparatus of the State by \n\nAlthusser. What is meant by the indigenous autonomy is that the village has its rights and \n\nauthorities to organize itself without being interfered with by the government, which is in \n\naccordance with Desa Mawacara (place, time and condition) and agreements made at the \n\nvillage. From leadership point of view, as far as Kuta traditional village is concerned, \n\nthose appointed leaders are not necessarily the elders (tetua). They should fulfill some \n\nterms and conditions. In the last election for the village head, a new value appeared in \n\nthat the candidates should not have been members of any political parties in any level.  \n\nA committee was also formally formed and several requirements were decided. \n\n As far as the change from desa adat into desa pekraman is concerned, pro\u2019s and \n\ncon\u2019s took place. The reason is that there was an assumption that the \u201cdesa pekraman\u201d \n\nwould be integrated into the \u201cadministrative village\u201d. However, Kuta traditional village \n\nstill keeps the idea that a traditional village is different from an administrative village and \n\nthat they cannot be integrated (the traditional village cannot be changed into the \n\nadministrative village).", "start_char_idx": 19690, "end_char_idx": 22288, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f371b4dd-2cc0-4158-a06e-314ffbe20f95": {"__data__": {"id_": "f371b4dd-2cc0-4158-a06e-314ffbe20f95", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7ebeff68-9dc7-4483-a7a5-1ff75f76b068", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "f840053b5069fc20132b11ee838d64d32f0f116b9b9e6cc0261b5926b11555c0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ab65c955-b9ec-4c00-b0c6-ad9df92c6f53", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "53bc4d1129cdf39991be6a54ed7e55b73ca91c84d9d5a6310053ceced9dc51ad", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "With regard to the socio-political dynamics taking place at Kuta traditional \n\nvillage, it has given dialogic meaning in that attempts were made to make the village \n\ndynamic in accordance with the local rules and regulations (awig-awig) and agreements \n\nmade provided that the applicable rules and regulations were not broken.  \n\n \n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \n\nAbdulsyani, 2002. Sosiologi Skematika, Teori dan Terapan. Bandar Lampung: Bumi \n Aksana. \n \nAlfian, (ed.), 1985. Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang Kebudayaan. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.  \n \nAdam Poggorechi, 1987. Pendekatan Sosiologis Terhadap Hukum. Jakarta: Bina Aksara. \n \nArdika, I Wayan and Darma Putra (ed.), 2004. Politik Kebudayaan dan Identitas Etnik, \n Yogyakarta: Fakultas Sastra UNUD and Balimangsi Press.  \n \nAsmadi Alsa, 2003. Pendekatan Kuantitatif & Kualitatif Serta Kombinasinya dalam \n Penelitian Psikhologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.  \n \nAmsal Bakhsiar, 2004. Filsafat Ilmu. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. \n \nBagus, I Gusti Ngurah, 1975. \u201dSanur dan Kuta: Masalah Perubahan Sosial di Daerah \n Pariwisata\u201d, dalam I GN. Bagus (ed), Bali dalam Sentuhan Pariwisata, Denpasar: \n Fakultas Sastra UNUD. \n \nBappeda Kabupaten Badung, 2008. Kecamatan Kuta Dalam Angka 2008. Badung: BPS, \n 2008.   \n \n---------------------------, 2002. 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Jakarta: \n LP3ES.", "start_char_idx": 22294, "end_char_idx": 24172, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ab65c955-b9ec-4c00-b0c6-ad9df92c6f53": {"__data__": {"id_": "ab65c955-b9ec-4c00-b0c6-ad9df92c6f53", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f371b4dd-2cc0-4158-a06e-314ffbe20f95", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "a6b406b2d3b31e3a23d59ec1965a85428092012cf7a2c5ee7007ec0953942f3b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "69d18dc3-6157-44d2-b38b-e31b8977cc8f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fd40014885b9fdcb52d75fdff6e8c6258325364f39dc842fb5d029708708aaef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Blumer Herbert, 1969. Symbolic Interctionism: Perspetive and Method. (Englewood \n Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. \n \nCharles F. Andrian, 1992. Kehidupan Politik dan Perubahaan Sosial. Yogyakarta: Tiara \n Wacana. \n \nCovarrubias, M., 1937. Island of Bali, The Village \u2013 The Community, VI. Oxford \n University Press, Petaling Jaya: Selangor Malaysia. \n \nDavid Kaplan, 2002. Teori Budaya, Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar.   \n \nFadillah Putra, 2003. Partai Politik & Kebijakan Publik, Analisa terhadap Kongruensi \n Janji Politik dengan Realisasi Produk Kebijakan Politik Publik di Indonesia \n 1999-2003. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.  \n \nGaftar Afan, 2004. Politik Indonesia Transisi Menuju Demokrasi, Yogyakarta: Pustaka \n Pelajar.  \n \n----------------, 1991. Dalam Alfian & Nazaruddin Sjamsudin, Profil Budaya Politik \n Indonesia. Jakarta: Grafiti.  \n \nGorda, I Gusti Ngurah, 1999. Manajemen dan Kepemimpinan Desa Adat di Propinsi \n Bali, dalam Perspektif Globalisasi. Denpasar: Widya Aksara.  \n \nGeetz, Clifford, 1980.  Negara, the Theater State in Nineteenth Century. New Jersy: \n Princeton University Press.  \n \nGeorge Ritzer, 1992. Sosiologi Ilmu Pengetahuan Berparadigma Ganda. Jakarta: \n Rajawali Press.  \n \nGiddens, Anthony, 2004. The Constitution of Society, Teori Strukturisasi untuk Analisis \n Sosial, Malang: Pedati. \n \nJohn Naisbitt, 1994. Global Paradok, Semakin Besar Ekonomi Dunia, Semakin Kuat \n Perusahaan Kecil. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.  \n \nJohn B. Thompson, 2006. Kritik Ideologi Global, Teori Sosial Kritis tentang Realisasi \n Ideologi dan Komunikasi Massa. Yogyakarta, IRCISod.  \n \nJoseph Losco Leonard Williams, 2003. Political Theory, Kajian Klasik dan \n Kontemporer, Edisi II. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.  \n \nKalakan Alit, I.G.N., 2003. Desa Pekraman dalam Konteks Otonomi dan Nasionalisme, \n Denpasar: Seminar Otonomi Daerah.", "start_char_idx": 24179, "end_char_idx": 26026, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "69d18dc3-6157-44d2-b38b-e31b8977cc8f": {"__data__": {"id_": "69d18dc3-6157-44d2-b38b-e31b8977cc8f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ab65c955-b9ec-4c00-b0c6-ad9df92c6f53", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "e7b7df953a63cfd42a559ac1d826e81ae7a88907630a2ee05aefab75047e637e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f224fefe-ecda-4c06-9ea3-6d23cecf16d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5b25dc5203c8c39687e3cbd3ce89737addb1f7026cfab423441b664cca558b81", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Korn, V.E., 1932. Hukum Adat Bali, Cetakan Kedua Yang Diperbaiki, Terjemahan \n Proyek Pembinaan Hukum Biro Hukum & Ortal. Denpasar: Kantor Gubernur, \n KDH., Tk I Bali.  \n \nLauer, H. Robert, 2001. Perspektif Tentang Perubahaan Sosial. Jakarta: Renika Cipta.  \n \nLili Rasjidi, 2001. Dasar-Dasar Filsafat dan Teori Hukum. Bandung: P.T. Citra Aditya \n Bakti.  \n \nLubis Akhyar Yusuf, 2003. Setelah Kebenaran & Kepastian Dihancurkan, MASIH \n ADAKAH TEMPAT BERPIJAK BAGI ILMUWAN, Sebuah Uraian Filsafat Ilmu \n Pengetahun Kaum Posmodernis. Yogyakarta: Percetakan BYRU.  \n \nRichard Harker, Cheelen Mahar, Chris Wilkes, (Habitus x Modal + Ranah = Praktik), \n Badung, Jalasutra, 2003) \n \nRichard Jenkins, 2004. Membaca Pikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.  \n \n \nRichard E. Palmer, 2003. Hermeneutika Teori Baru Mengenal Interpretasi. Yogyakarta: \n Pustaka Pelajar Offset.  \n \nRijkschroeff, 2001. Sosiologi,  Hukum dan Sosiologi Hukum. Bandung: Mandar Maju. \n \nRitzer, George, 2003. Teori Sosial Posmodern. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n \nRobert Michels, 1984. Political Parties, A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical \n Tendencies of Modern Democracy. Jakarta: CV Rajawali.  \n \nMahfud MD, 1998. Politik Hukum di Indonesia. Jakarta: LP3ES. \n \nMertha, I Ketut, 2008. Relevansi Transformasi Pacalang Terhadap Tugas dan Fungsi \n Polri dalam Mencegah dan Menanggulangi Kejahatan.Denpasar: Universitas \n Udayana.  \n \nMoleong, 2002. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Resdokarya.  \n \nMunir Fuady, 2005. Filsafat dan Hukum Teori Hukum Posmodern, Badung: PT. Citra \n Aditya Bakti.  \n \nRaharjo Satjipto, 2007. Biarkan Hukum Mengalir, Catatan Kritis Tentang Pergaulan \n Manusia dan Hukum.Jakarta: Kompas.  \n \n-------------------, 2006. Membedah Hukum Progresif. Jakarta: Buku Kompas.  \n \n-------------------, 2006. Hukum dalam Jagad Ketertiban, Jakarta: Kompas.", "start_char_idx": 26034, "end_char_idx": 27903, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f224fefe-ecda-4c06-9ea3-6d23cecf16d1": {"__data__": {"id_": "f224fefe-ecda-4c06-9ea3-6d23cecf16d1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "69d18dc3-6157-44d2-b38b-e31b8977cc8f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "4f8117f80c83d93a32d11ccd7ab9d30563c4ac01d6fc43dc71e80803359e8848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c134dbe7-58f2-4800-92f2-f5e0f3f68e2f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d7199420015f5797dd101de9c512bee8b8074d210f53432e6011d05ecd4d6fd9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Ritzer George, 1992. Contemporary Sociological Theory, Third Edition. (New York: \n McGraw-Hill Inc). \n \nSoemadiningrat Otje Salman, 2002. Rekonseptualisasi Hukum Adat Kontemporer. \n Bandung, Alumni Bandung.  \n \n------------------------, 2004. Teori Hukum, Mengingat, Mengumpulkan dan Membuka \n Kembali. Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama. \n \nSamuel P. Huntington, 2004. TERTIB POLITK Pada Masyarakat Yang Sedang Berubah. \n Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada.  \n \nSurpha, I Wayan,. 1991. Eksestensi Desa Adat di Bali. Denpasar: Upada Sastra. \n \n-------------------------, 2002. Seputar Desa Pekraman dan Adat Bali. Denpasar, Bali Post. \n \nSuasthawa, D., 2001. Desa Adat Kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Propinsi Bali. \n Denpasar: Upada Sastra.  \n \n-------------------------, 2001. Kedudukan Desa Pekraman Dalam Undang-Undang \n Pemerintah Daerah. Denpasar: FISIP UNWAR. \n \n------------------------, 1987. Status dan Fungsi Tanah Adat Bali Setelah Berlakunya \n UUPA. Denpasar: CV. Kayu Mas.  \n \nSuasta (Ed.). 2003. Otonomi Daerah dan Kebijakan Publik, (Konsep dan \n Pelaksanaannya  di Bali). Denpasar: Wijaya Words. \n \nSujaya, I Made. 2003. Sepotong Nurani Kuta, Catatan Seputar Sikap Warga Kuta Dalam \n Tragedi 12 Oktober 2002. Kuta: LPM Kuta.  \n \nSulistiyono Adi, 2007. Negara Hukum, Kekuasaan, Konsep, dan Paradigma Moral. \n Surakarta: LPP UNS. \n \nSirtha I Nyoman, 2002. \u201dStrategi Pemberdayaan Desa Adat dengan Pembentukan Forum \n Komunikasi\u201d, dalam Desa Pekraman (Sejarah, Eksistensi dan Strategi \n Pemberdayaan). Denpasar: Yayasan Tri Hita Karana Bali.  \n \n------------------------, 1996. Makna Sosial Hukum Dalam Aksi dan Interaksi Kelompok \n Masyarakat di Tengah Perubahan Sosial: Studi Kasus Kelompok Masyarakat \n Petani Subak di Daerah Irigasi Panaraga Giri Bali, (Disertasi Belum \n Diterbitkan).  Surabaya: Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Airlangga).  \n \nTilar, H.A.R. 2004. 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Gramedia Widiasarana \n Indonesia.", "start_char_idx": 27909, "end_char_idx": 29929, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c134dbe7-58f2-4800-92f2-f5e0f3f68e2f": {"__data__": {"id_": "c134dbe7-58f2-4800-92f2-f5e0f3f68e2f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3605", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5f9766143005880d06be5afe48348398a1a0ded2ecbc505ce37b65dc6630f436", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f224fefe-ecda-4c06-9ea3-6d23cecf16d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "78dbf9cc49cfde749b6844c8a8b82835c08be51b195a890c1d05159add246663", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "77d25e9a-31de-4aae-a7ba-2bf2ae102961", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "825b0350884e48cf4988fc028372a8f2b8f491d2ef509601fd23fc369b108a3a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Nezar Patria & Andi Arief, 2003. Antonio Gramsci Negara & Hegemoni. Yogyakarta: \n Pustaka Pelajar.  \n \nNurhadiantomo, 2004. Konflik-Konflik Sosial PRI-Non PRI Hukum Keadilan Sosial. \n Surakarta: Muhammadiah University Press.  \n \nParimarta, I Gede, 2002. \u201dDesa Adat Dalam Perspektif Sejarah\u201d dalam Desa Pekraman \n (Sejarah, Eksestensi dan Strategi Pemberdayaan), Denpasar: Yayasan Tri Hita \n Karana Bali.  \n \n---------------------, 2003. \u201dMemahami Desa Adat, Desa Dinas dan Desa Pekraman (Suatu \n Tinjauan Historis, Kritis), dalam Pidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Tetap \n Dalam Bidang Ilmu Sejarah). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.   \n \n---------------------, 1997. \u201dDesa Adat Dalam Perspektif Sejarah\u201d. Denpasar: kertas kerja \n dalam Seminar Nasional Fakultas Sastra Universitas Warmadewa 24 Oktober \n 1997.   \n \nPiotr Sztompka, 2004. Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial. Jakarta: Prenada.  \n \nPilliang Yasraf A., 2005. TRANSPOLITIKA  Dinamika Politik di Dalam Era Virtualitas. \n Bandung: Jalasutra.  \n \n---------------------, 2004. POSREALITAS, Realitas Kebudayaan Dalam Era \n Posmetafisika. Yogyakarta:Jalasutra.  \n \nPramudya, 2007. Hukum Iitu Kepentingan. Salatiga: Sanggar Mitra Sabda.  \n \nWindia, Wayan P., 2008. Bali Mawacara, Gagasan Satu Hukum Adat (Awig-Awig) dan \n Pemerintahan di Bali. Denpasar: Pusat Penelitian Hukum Adat Universitas \n Udayana.  \n \nWarre, Carol, A. 1990. \u201dAdat and Dinas: Village and Stage in Contemporary Bali\u201d. \n Disertasi Yang Tidak Dipublikasikan. Australia: University of Western Australia.  \n \nZiauddin Sardar dan Borin Van Loon. Mengenal Cultural Studies for Beginner. Badung: \n Mizan. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n \nIn this opportunity, the writer would like to thank the Rector of Udayana University and \nthe Director of Postgraduate Program of Udayana University for the opportunity provided \nto attend the Doctorate Program at Udayana University. The writer would also like to \nhighly appreciate Prof. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A., as the Promoter, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman \nSirtha, SH., MH., and Prof. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah,M.S., as Co-promoter I and Co-\npromoter II for their advices and guidance provided during the completion of this \ndissertation. Finally, high appreciation is also extended to all the parties who have been \nhelpful in the process of completing this dissertation.", "start_char_idx": 29935, "end_char_idx": 32258, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "77d25e9a-31de-4aae-a7ba-2bf2ae102961": {"__data__": {"id_": "77d25e9a-31de-4aae-a7ba-2bf2ae102961", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3608", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "04caebed96b053df09187596f64f5345e81b5a8912ffb991dd3f92653bbada24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c134dbe7-58f2-4800-92f2-f5e0f3f68e2f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3605", "author": "Wesna Astara, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Sirtha, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS TAKING PLACE AT KUTA TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, BALI: FROM DESA ADAT (TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) TO DESA PEKRAMAN (ANOTHER TYPE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3605.pdf"}, "hash": "5a4dab2b5c57fea889eda8f229e80e3efdae00b36684894c168aa7d84932dfa2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f7e0c9b3-6e96-42eb-99cd-a65efa5c4d15", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "af8d9adfca022fea60e61c7b155f0b23311888fa5c949907e068d31a2549c989", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Titis_E-journal\n\n\nDECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING  \nOF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE \n\n \n \n\nTitis S. Pitana1, I Gde Semadi Astra2, \nI Made Suastika2, I. B. Gde Yudha Triguna3 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n3Hindu University of Indonesia \nEmail: titis_pitana@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nThis dissertation is the result of a study entitled \u201dDeconstruction of \nthe Symbolic Meaning of the Keraton Surakarta Architecture.\u201d This study \nis intended not to understand the Keraton Surakarta architecture as a \nphysical materialization of  architectural planning and design. Rather, in \nthis study, the Keraton Surakarta is the material object of a study on the \ndeconstruction of the symbolic meaning which focuses on three main \nproblems: (1) the cause of the deconstruction of the symbolic meaning \ntoward the Keraton Surakarta architecture; (2) the deconstruction process \nof the symbolic meaning; and (3) the implication of the deconstruction \ntoward the social-cultural life of the keraton people and Surakarta society. \n \nKey words: deconstruction, symbol, architecture, Keraton Surakarta \n\n \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nWhen Javanese people\u2019s spirit is eroded deep in the cycle of history, the word \n\n\u2019culture\u2019 can not mean \u201dbelief\u201d as so far understood by most experts. For the symbolic \n\nmeaning of the keraton as an effort to explore the newness and nowness meaning, it \n\nseems that \u201dbelief\u201d is not a compromise to understand culture at present. \u201dBelief\u201d as the \n\npeak of thoughts has not so far been achieved by rational minds in scientific traditions, \n\nboth positivistic and interpretive. It is because the word \u201dbelief\u201d in the study of Eastern \n\nmysticism has been understood better as a spiritual discourse than a rational idea which \n\nis apllicable for social-cultural practices. It is from this dimension that the deconstruction \n\nof the symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta architecture is directed to go beyond", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2054, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f7e0c9b3-6e96-42eb-99cd-a65efa5c4d15": {"__data__": {"id_": "f7e0c9b3-6e96-42eb-99cd-a65efa5c4d15", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3608", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "04caebed96b053df09187596f64f5345e81b5a8912ffb991dd3f92653bbada24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "77d25e9a-31de-4aae-a7ba-2bf2ae102961", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "41cb070d77f2dc9523ddc1630633f35ca0557536b09181a32a190bec8c62f4df", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8df34f6d-195e-40e1-93ad-6516edd3d7ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c79919483dba34eb30b8083a55f40fc2e4d8fe0bbcae1508e1ca8e8271bdc0e9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\n\nthe paradox of truths of rationalism-realism and criticism as well as intuitionism to come \n\nto what is called \u2019epistemology\u2019 in science, particularly in cultural studies.      \n\nPhysically, the Keraton Surakarta architecture can be regarded as an \n\nindigeneous work of Javanese culture which has symbols implying messages and advice \n\nfor the next generation. However, the messages and advice behind the symbols have no \n\nmeanings if they are not understood. The symbols available in the Keraton Surakarta are \n\nexpressions that can not be signed only by physical materialization. Because of this, the \n\nsymbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta should always be searched suitable with its \n\ninterpreter\u2019s space and time. In other words,  interpretation into the symbols of the \n\nKeraton Surakarta will never stop or will keep on deconstructing. Therefore, to interpret \n\nthe symbols of the space design patterns and construction elements in the Keraton \n\nSurakarta, it is necessary to understand the background history and process of its \n\nestablishment. \n\nThe sustainable deconstruction of the symbolic meaning here should be taken \n\nas a never-stop process so that the new meaning should be always \u201dbecoming\u201d and \n\nfragmented by the interpreter\u2019s space and time. Although history has tried to make a \n\nperiodization of human activities since thousands of years ago, as a totality view of life, \n\nit is basic that in the history of mankind there has never been an absolute separation \n\nbetween thoughts, actions, spaces, and time as a moment. It is thus not simple to find out \n\nan absolute separation between thoughts and their results in life space which are not tied \n\nup to time contextually, just like humans who can not be separated from their culture and \n\nsocial life. \n\nThis study is intended not to understand the Keraton Surakarta architecture as a \n\nphysical materialization of architectural planning and design. Instead, in this study, the \n\nKeraton Surakarta architecture is regarded as the material object of a study on the \n\ndeconstruction of the symbolic meaning focused on three issues: (1) the cause of the \n\nsymbolic deconstruction  meaning of Keraton Surakarta architecture; (2), the process of \n\ndeconstruction, and (3) implications of such deconstruction towards socio-cultural life \n\nand Keraton Surakarta\u2019s society  \n\nGeneraly, this study is intended to describe the construction and deconstruction \n\nof Javanese culture rooted in the Keraton Surakarta with its local genius reflected in the \n\nKeraton Surakarta architecture. In turn the study is aimed to reveal and explain the", "start_char_idx": 2060, "end_char_idx": 4669, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8df34f6d-195e-40e1-93ad-6516edd3d7ec": {"__data__": {"id_": "8df34f6d-195e-40e1-93ad-6516edd3d7ec", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3608", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "04caebed96b053df09187596f64f5345e81b5a8912ffb991dd3f92653bbada24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f7e0c9b3-6e96-42eb-99cd-a65efa5c4d15", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "639626364f43f8f8dc0f3f1c452c2e53dc36941000b76a9a92d7de458a34e7c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cbc532f6-80bf-4f94-9367-1e665d84f800", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fb93dc54bf259e5d920d9b8b43bc8f3e47df2bd154d7074305433f873b1c5c49", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\ncultural reconstruction in purpose to enrich national culture as part of scientific works to \n\ndevelop knowledge and science. Specifically, this study has three purposes: (1) to know \n\nand understand the causes of the deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the Keraton \n\nSurakarta; (2) to know and understand the processes of the deconstruction of the \n\nsymbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta; and (3) to know and understand the \n\nimplication of the deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta \n\ntowards the social-cultural life of the keraton people and Surakarta society. \n\nThis study has two significances. Firstly, theoretical significance, this study is \n\nexpected to give significant contributions to the development of knowledge and science, \n\nparticularly architecture and cultural studies.  Besides, it is hoped to add and complete \n\nthe previous studies on Javanese architecture and National architecture. Moreover, for \n\nacademics, this study can be used as a reference to find out possible areas for further \n\nstudies which can not yet be covered by this study. Secondly, practical significance, this \n\nstudy is expected to broaden people\u2019s mind and widen their views on the local genius \n\ncontained in their local cultures in the face of the impacts of global culture. Besides, this \n\nstudy can be used by public decision makers in relation to social-cultural life.    \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nThis study is a Cultural Studies study which uses qualitative method, and \n\nqualitative-descriptive and hermeneutics-based interpretive data analysis. In general a \n\nstudy with qualitative analysis is defined as a study that produces descriptive data in the \n\nform of words, idioms, and/or expressions, including observable actions\u2014by \n\nemphasizing on the concept and pattern development of the data; paying attention to both \n\nsetting and subject holistically so that they are inseparable variables; being humanistic; \n\nunderstanding the meaning as the basis for participant\u2019s actions; understanding the \n\nlimited scope of situation; and being a crafting art that prioritizes mastery and feeling \n\ninvolvement (Bungin, 2003:147).   \n\nIn this study Derrida\u2019s theory of deconstruction is positioned as the grand \n\ntheory to answer three study problems which is in its application supported by three \n\nother theories used eclectively, namely (1) Foucault\u2019s theory of power and knowledge, \n\n(2) Eco\u2019s visual communication semiotics, and  (3) Jauss\u2019 theory of reception.", "start_char_idx": 4675, "end_char_idx": 7170, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cbc532f6-80bf-4f94-9367-1e665d84f800": {"__data__": {"id_": "cbc532f6-80bf-4f94-9367-1e665d84f800", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3608", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "04caebed96b053df09187596f64f5345e81b5a8912ffb991dd3f92653bbada24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8df34f6d-195e-40e1-93ad-6516edd3d7ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "21267079d6bd0811316ecb473f8726775a6c7c7793d8d13b42d184d1813ba20b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ce026124-d472-4cc9-9de8-1a23fc7b03c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "388bb803817ba31e07be788c79c366bc478fd2fecbf9b8a327faec0998990c45", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nThe deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta \n\narchitecture is not an event that happens naturally; instead, it originates from the \n\nresistance or objection to logocentrism created on the basis of the keraton metaphysics. \n\nThis means that the deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta \n\narchitecture is an event caused by the metaphysical death of the Keraton Surakarta. The \n\n\u201cdeath\u201d here can probably happen because of being made dead by those outside the \n\nlogocentrism creators of the symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta architecture \n\nand/or because of its own death due to the keraton members\u2019 metaphysical refusal \n\nagainst the logocentrism they have created.  \n\nThe metaphysical death of the Keraton Surakarta which is the accumulation of \n\nresistance and/or objection to the metaphysics itself is triggered by three aspects: (1) \n\nStatus and role changes of the Keraton Surakarta, from being the Company\u2019s power dolls \n\nin the colonialization era up to the swa-praja (autonomy) status and becoming the \n\ncultural heritage in the era of the Indonesian republic; (2) the Keraton Surakarta in the \n\nglobal constellation, in which there is the pressure of the modern rationality on the \n\nkeraton morality that makes the keraton as a victim of capitalism and a means of tourism \n\ncommodification so that the keraton no longer has a space to articulate its own existence; \n\nand (3) coup d\u2019etat for power, in which there came two kings after the coup d\u2019etat \n\nincident over the Keraton Surakarta that refuse the existential metaphysics of the keraton \n\nas the cosmos center and the model of Javanese culture. \n\nIn Derridian logic, the interpretation of symbols in the keraton Surakarta \n\narchitecture is a sustainable process. The architectural materialization is a means of \n\nvisual communication in which, to Umberto Eco, in the interpretation of symbols there \n\nhappen semiosis and canon process, that is a process of uniting or combining an entity \n\n(representamen) with another entity called \u2018object\u2019.  This process results in a never-\n\nending relation chain. This never-ending movement is then formulated by Eco and \n\nDerrida as the unlimited semiosis process (Broadbent, 1980:382-383).  \n\nThis process is then used to know and understand the deconstruction tracks of \n\nthe symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta where its clarity can be understood \n\nthrough the following processes. First, the deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of \n\nthe \u201cdesign and building patterns\u201d that happen through three processes, namely (1) from \n\nthe teaching on life to the cultural heritage; (2) from sacred to profane; and (3) from the", "start_char_idx": 7176, "end_char_idx": 9863, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ce026124-d472-4cc9-9de8-1a23fc7b03c7": {"__data__": {"id_": "ce026124-d472-4cc9-9de8-1a23fc7b03c7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3608", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "04caebed96b053df09187596f64f5345e81b5a8912ffb991dd3f92653bbada24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cbc532f6-80bf-4f94-9367-1e665d84f800", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "d2b0ff011dec555b2dff93b09c88717e28f7332f380cc8e14001cf32d6726d57", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "72896f32-f4dc-4fbb-be5b-544fd711e4c1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ae14dbd26e7e6fc05b8651a1526c7522fcaebf6ca3feed409b967b196b97622b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\nsymbol of feudalistic bureaucracy to domestic family institution. Second, the \n\ndeconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the \u201cmaterialization of the Keraton Surakarta \n\narchitecture\u201d that happen through four processes, namely (1) building form: from the \n\nsymbol of greatness/glory to that of apprehension; (2) relating building: from the symbol \n\nof space consciousness to that of communication; (3) limiting building: from the symbol \n\nof the maintenance of sacredness to that of geographical limit; and (4) accessories: from \n\nmoral message to construction accessories. Third, the deconstruction of the symbolic \n\nmeaning of the \u201cKing and Keraton Surakarta\u201d that happen through three processes, \n\nnamely (1) Javanese King: from the symbol of god-kings to the duty-carrier of Javanese \n\nculture; (2) Keraton Surakarta: from the symbol of cosmic centers to that of tourism \n\nattraction; and (3) the symbol of Keraton Surakarta: from the symbol of the cosmic unity \n\nto that of commodified accessories. \n\nThe metaphysical death of the Keraton Surakarta as the causing factor of the \n\ndeconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta architecture, and \n\nexplained by the discussion on the deconstruction tracks eventually give some \n\nimplications toward the social-cultural life of the keraton community and Surakarta \n\nsociety. First, toward the social structure of the keraton and Surakarta society which can \n\nbe identified from two social facts, namely (1) the Keraton Surakarta is today part of the \n\nlocal (kelurahan) administration; and (2) the Keraton Surakarta community is now part \n\nof the Surakarta society.  Second, toward the social intitution which can be identified \n\nfrom two social facts, namely: (1) the Keraton Surakarta has become the society\u2019s \n\ncultural affinity; and (2) the Keraton Surakarta has become a legitimating institution for \n\nmodern aristocrats. Third, toward  the kinship system and value formation process which \n\ncan be identified through two social facts, namely (1) the Keraton Surakarta community \n\nhas become \u201dajur-ajer\u201d aristocrats (immersed with ordinary people); and (2) the Keraton \n\nSurakarta struggle for becoming the model of Javanese culture. Fourth, toward the space \n\nformation for new consciousness established by the Keraton Surakarta in response to \n\nvarious changes due to global modernism.", "start_char_idx": 9869, "end_char_idx": 12233, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "72896f32-f4dc-4fbb-be5b-544fd711e4c1": {"__data__": {"id_": "72896f32-f4dc-4fbb-be5b-544fd711e4c1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3608", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "04caebed96b053df09187596f64f5345e81b5a8912ffb991dd3f92653bbada24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ce026124-d472-4cc9-9de8-1a23fc7b03c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "7b8324ae6351a347542b51bc7a98f0685793a61fd0253a98d9685dd84ecb9051", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "86a2d627-a890-43eb-a894-530a564a42e8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "25e055678741ff9b2f80fe068a1524f6ffddffb7794c1f6ff4123b9f98deb87c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\nFINDINGS \n\nFirst, there are three sides acting as the subjects that perform the the \n\ndeconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta architecture: the \n\nauthority, the Keraton Surakarta community, and people outside the Keraton Surakarta. \n\n(1) Authority, which can historically be distinguished into two, i.e. the colonial authority \n\nduring the colonization era and the government authority during the Republic \n\nIndonesia era. In this case both the colonial authority and the government authority \n\nserve as the key holders of capitalistic logocentrism that have killed the metaphysics \n\nof the Keraton Surakarta and replaced it with that of modernist rationality. \n\n(2) The Keraton Surakarta community, i.e. the keraton internal members who \n\nintentionally or unintentionally have done a metaphysical (cosmological) isolation of \n\nthe Keraton Surakarta by changing the keraton sacredness into a cultural parody. \n\nEven, the limited material dimension originating from economic problems has a \n\nmore significant correlation to the cognitive dimension of the Keraton Surakarta \n\ncommunity so as to let the keraton architectural spaces become uncared hollow \n\nspaces which eventually lead to the metaphysical refusal of the keraton itself. \n\n(3) People outside the Keraton Surakarta who have spontaneous body responses towards \n\nthe hollow architectural spaces of the Keraton Surakarta. The spaces which used to \n\nbe used as a forum of activities (representation of events) are considered worth to be \n\n\u201cbenefited\u201d by ignoring the metaphysics of the Keraton Surakarta through cultural \n\nimprovisation.    \n\nSecond, in carrying out its function as a cultural institution (the duty-carrier of \n\nJavanese culture), the Keraton Surakarta is faced with three main obstacles: \n\neconomically, psychologically, and socially. \n\n(1) Economic obstacle, that is the limitedness of the keraton\u2019s financial condition just to \n\nsupport its own existence.  \n\n(2) Psychological obstacle, that is the psychological burden suffered by the Keraton \n\nSurakarta as the impact of having no political autonomy.  \n\n(3) Social obstacle, that is the historical destiny that has stigmatized the Keraton \n\nSurakarta as the one accused of being the feudalistic followers which are opposed \n\nagainst the democratic principle practiced in the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).", "start_char_idx": 12251, "end_char_idx": 14612, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "86a2d627-a890-43eb-a894-530a564a42e8": {"__data__": {"id_": "86a2d627-a890-43eb-a894-530a564a42e8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3608", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "04caebed96b053df09187596f64f5345e81b5a8912ffb991dd3f92653bbada24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "72896f32-f4dc-4fbb-be5b-544fd711e4c1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "2c21d6afedd9ce9c776f2f4c57fbda53542d6cc6d1b64fef2ef7902ac9b242ca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e563e717-c620-4804-a341-5ed2fe264fc9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "81f85a927c4906e975bd62719ee10e2ed3e2017f85e4b43e44ed1ec442967f34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\n\nV. CONCLUSSION \n\nThe deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta \n\narchitecture is an event caused by the metaphysical death of the Keraton Surakarta as an \n\naccumulation of resistance and/or objection to the metaphysics itself. Second, the \n\ndeconstruction tracks of the symbolic meaning of the Keraton Surakarta are the \n\ndeconstruction processes which happen to three deconstructions of the symbolic \n\nmeaning: (1) deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the \u201cdesign and building \n\npatterns\u201d; (2) deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the \u201cmaterialization of the \n\nKeraton Surakarta architecture\u201d; (3) deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the \n\n\u201cKing and Keraton Surakarta\u201d.  Third, the deconstruction of the symbolic meaning of the \n\nKeraton Surakarta has four implications toward the social-cultural life of the keraton and \n\nSurakarta people: (1) toward the social structure of the keraton and Surakarta people; (2) \n\ntoward the social insitution of the keraton and Surakarta people; (3) toward the kinship \n\nsystem and value formation process; and (4) toward the space formation for new \n\nconsciousness established by the Keraton Surakarta in response to various changes due \n\nto global modernism. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nBehrend, E.T. 1982. Kraton and Cosmos in Traditional Java. Madison: University of \nWiscosin. \n\nBroadbent, G., Bunt, R., and Jencks, C. 1980. Sign, Symbols, and Architecture. New \nYork: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. \n\nBungin, Burhan. 2006. Analisis Data Penelitian Kualitatif: Pemahaman Filosofis dan \nMetodologis ke Arah Penguasaan Model Aplikasi. Jakarta: PT Rajagrafindo \nPersada. \n\nFaisal, Sanapiah 2005. Format-format Penelitian Sosial. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo \nPersada. \n\nGrenz. Stanley J. 2001. A Primer On Postmodernism Pengantar untuk Memahami \nPostmodernisme. Terj. Wilson Suwanto. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Andi. \n\nIbrahim, Julianto 2008. Kraton Surakarta dan Gerakan Anti Swapraja. Jogjakarta: \nMalioboro Press. \n\nLarson, Goerge D. 1990. Masa Menjelang Revolusi: Keraton dan Kehidupan Politik di \nSurakarta, 1912 \u2013 1942 (terjemahan oleh: Lapian, A.B.). Yogyakarta: Gajah \nMada Press. \n\nMarsudi 2001. \"Nilai Arsitektur Pada Simbolisme Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta\" (tesis). \nSemarang: Progam Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro.", "start_char_idx": 14622, "end_char_idx": 16906, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e563e717-c620-4804-a341-5ed2fe264fc9": {"__data__": {"id_": "e563e717-c620-4804-a341-5ed2fe264fc9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3608", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "04caebed96b053df09187596f64f5345e81b5a8912ffb991dd3f92653bbada24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "86a2d627-a890-43eb-a894-530a564a42e8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "21645f2537f48516543cb06c1b16978975814ce77fb4683b74930f6eb862c854", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "88227671-6cdf-4503-a042-692801f96982", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "513af9ce5ea3a06f846a6e53a3e3dc500211aa19bd2d342e752eb2e91cfe0c0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8\n\nSantosa, Imam 2006. \"Kajian Estetika dan Unsur Pembentuknya pada Keraton \nSurakarta\" (disertasi). Bandung: Program Pascasarjana Institut Teknologi \nBandung. \n\nSetiadi, B., dkk. 2000. Raja di Alam Republik: Karaton Surakarta dan Paku Buwono XII. \nJakarta: Bina Rena Pariwara. \n\nSoeratman, Darsiti 1989. Kehidupan Dunia Keraton Surakarta, 1830 \u2013 1939. \nYogyakarta: Taman Siswa. \n\nSupariadi 1998. \"Surakarta Masa Pemerintahan Sunan Paku Buwana IV 1788- 1820: \nPriyayi dan Kiai Pada Masa Transisi Kolonial\" (tesis). Yogyakarta: Program \nPascasarjana Universitas Gajah Mada. \n\n \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n \nThanks are owed to (1) Prof. Dr. I Gde Semadi Astra, as the Promoter; (2) Prof. Dr. I \nMade Suastika, S.U., as the Co-promoter I; and (3) Prof. Dr. I.B. Gde Yudha Triguna, \nM.S., as the Co-promoter II for their patience and motivation started from the proposal \ncomposing up the finishing of the dissertation. Thanks are also owed to the Rector of \nUdayana University, Director of Postgraduate Program of Udayana University and her \nstaffs, and the Head of Cultural Studies Doctorate Program of Udayana University and \nhis staffs.", "start_char_idx": 16912, "end_char_idx": 18039, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "88227671-6cdf-4503-a042-692801f96982": {"__data__": {"id_": "88227671-6cdf-4503-a042-692801f96982", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3614", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "82c1417ea0e30ad8f1069c53a7c349b3eb5bead1d311fd1c9e63324833940f62", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e563e717-c620-4804-a341-5ed2fe264fc9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3608", "author": "S. Pitana, Titis; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Yudha Triguna, I. B. Gde", "title": " DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE KERATON SURAKARTA ARCHITECTURE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3608.pdf"}, "hash": "3fd26b64ee2cc6da2df35acce59aa297fdcedb65631243a4c0312a9a899d5fe3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3aa120fa-1722-4a74-98a3-fb1eafabb620", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "84c0174b08cc18f6b30975609d195b221263da86e08ad07db792bf008f7d7f1e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Sumadi Ketut-E-Journal\n\n\n 1\n\nCULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN \nTRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA \n\n \nKetut Sumadi1, I Wayan Ardika2, \n\nI Nyoman Kutha Ratna2, Emiliana Mariyah2 \n \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\nEmail: spiritbali@telkom.net \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Tourism is a favourite sector in improving Bali revenue and kind of tourism \ndeveloped is cultural one. In cultural tourism, it takes place meaning modification of \ncultural practice by krama (member) of traditional village) in order to cultural capital \ncan survive in the middle of tourism dynamic condition. This research entitled \n\u201cCultural capital as tourism development basis in traditional village of Kuta\u201d, by \nproposing three problems, namely how is the process of cultural capital as tourism \ndevelopment basis, what factors can motivate tourism capital as tourism development \nbasis, and what is the meaning of cultural capital as tourism development basis. \n The research is conducted using qualitative method and cultural studies \napproach, so data analysis is conducted in descriptive qualitative and interpretative \nones. Selection of traditional   village of Kuta as research location based on \nconsideration that traditional village of Kuta having integrated tourism facilities for \nfacilities addressed to member of traditional village. The review about cultural \ncapital as the tourism development basis in this traditional village of Kuta, eclectics \ntheories consisting of Hegemonic theory of Gramsci, co-modification theory of Karl \nMarx and Adorno, discourse-power/knowledge and truth theory  of Foucoult and \ndeconstruction theory of Derrida. \n Based on the research output, it can be known: (1) Cultural capital process as \ntourism development basis in traditional village of Kuta is inseparable from \nforeigners arrival in traditional village of Kuta, the entrance of Military (The \nCooperative Center of Arm Force) in managing Kuta beach and the occurrence of \nBali bombing tragedy on October 12th, 2002; (2) The factors that motivate cultural \ncapital as the tourism development basis in traditional village of Kuta, such as \nmotivation and the necessity of tourists visiting traditional village of Kuta, tourism \nhegemony, changing of life philosophy of member of traditional village from \nidealism into pragmatism one and the image as global village; (3) Cultural village as \ntourism development basis in traditional village of Kuta has innovation, religious, \npreservation of cultural, political identity and prosperity meanings. \n Behind the success of cultural capital as tourism development basis, it \nimproves live prosperity, and also it causes negative effect such as there is krama \n(member) of traditional village for losing their cultural capital. They are \nmarginalized in economic field as they have no cultural capital in term of knowledge \nand skill in tourism area and it is said to be \u201ckidang nyirig pangkung\u201d; they cannot \n\n\n\n 2\n\nutilize the opportunity of tourism market well. As consequence in traditional village \nof Kuta, there are still poor families and they have no suitable housing. \n \nKey words: cultural capital, tourism development, traditional village of Kuta", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3308, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3aa120fa-1722-4a74-98a3-fb1eafabb620": {"__data__": {"id_": "3aa120fa-1722-4a74-98a3-fb1eafabb620", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3614", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "82c1417ea0e30ad8f1069c53a7c349b3eb5bead1d311fd1c9e63324833940f62", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "88227671-6cdf-4503-a042-692801f96982", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "756c06c8d2ed28d5f55ef52f41c7cfa44c577ca8612aebf963988ad9c074665a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ee76f402-617f-4d79-a8d2-60c105c1f206", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d506c50d0ca929281cc542164fb66bcce6fff25204e404c203841294efbd070f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\nI. INTRODUCTION \n\n Tourism becomes the favourite sector that can improve foreign exchange and \n\nlocal revenue in Indonesia. In tourism development in Indonesia, it focuses on \n\nuniqueness of cultural capital in each area, so every tourism destination in Indonesia \n\nhas its own characteristic. Bali government through Local Regulation Number 3 of \n\n1974, revised into Local Regulation Number 3 of 1991 concerning Cultural Tourism, \n\nhas determined Balinese culture having its soul of Hindu religion as capital in \n\ntourism development. Within tourism development the cultural practices keep on the \n\nmost dominant attraction that motivates tourists visiting Bali at this moment \n\n(Prameswari: 2005: Ardika, 2007:74). \n\n As tourism development basis, the social relationship of cultural capital and \n\ntourism in traditional village of Kuta show the culture has been the state propaganda \n\nand market to invite society to be able to accept market ideology which is full of \n\ncompetition and pragmatic life style. According to Abdullah (2006: 16-19; Pendit: \n\n1996: vii), the culture is not the guidance only that determines code of conduct in \n\nsociety to be obeyed or to be direction in practice related to religiosities, but is also \n\nas capital of tourism promotion for interest struggle in having economic benefits of \n\ntourism market. \n\n This research focuses in traditional village of Kuta having integrated tourism \n\nfacilities for facilities addressed to krama (member) of traditional village. Cultural \n\ncapital does not state firmly its function for member of traditional village of Kuta, \n\nbut also its significant performance in giving solution outside cultural problem, \n\nnamely tourism development. Within individual level, in one side it can be observed \n\nthe resistant process of member of traditional village of Kuta toward manipulation \n\nfor market ideology symbol and the political struggle of cultural identity to maintain \n\ntraditional village, on the other side it takes place reproduction of cultural identity to \n\nfulfill motivation or tourists\u2019 taste as well as globalization process for sustainable and \n\ndeveloping tourism.  \n\n How is the process, factors and what the meaning of cultural capital as the \n\ntourism development basis concerning how \u201cculture of origin\u201d is represented as \n\ntourism attraction in traditional village of Kuta,  as the focus of problem in this \n\nresearch to be expected to clarify existence aspect of \u201cproductive\u201d of cultural capital", "start_char_idx": 3318, "end_char_idx": 5806, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ee76f402-617f-4d79-a8d2-60c105c1f206": {"__data__": {"id_": "ee76f402-617f-4d79-a8d2-60c105c1f206", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3614", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "82c1417ea0e30ad8f1069c53a7c349b3eb5bead1d311fd1c9e63324833940f62", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3aa120fa-1722-4a74-98a3-fb1eafabb620", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "fa07ddaa0c5c1dc545d76f746b4b9ec2bde3dacae5a33d77d29a49c67ba3cecb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b8a6884b-eae8-45ad-ad55-9838c5ff6458", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c22ecf1aaf29897e9237cfb4feff136fad602705c42fac19b3f6742377667c65", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nas life guidance in adaptation as well as life sustainability and \u201creproductive\u201d aspect \n\nof cultural capital as tourism development basis following new trend in \n\ncontemporary society changing due to tourism hegemony. \n\n \n\nII. DISCUSSION \n\n  A traditional village of Kuta on Trihita Karana (palemahan, pawongan, \n\nparhyangan) basis has cultural capital both intangible and tangible from traditional to \n\ncontemporary as complementary tourism development basis toward tourism activity. \n\nThe cultural capital is operationally  like nice beach as part of palemahan; friendly \n\nlife attitude, life style in managing village area and its beach, both as fishermen, \n\nmassage person, souvenir seller, gold artist and Balinese style house as part of \n\npawongan; religious tradition of ceremonies such as melasti (ritual procession) at \n\nbeach, tawur kesanga (purification procession) followed by tabuh rah (commencing \n\nceremony), pengerupukan (one day ceremony prior to silence day) followed by \n\nogoh-ogoh parade for the sake of nyepi (silence day), ngembak geni (the day after \n\nsilence day ceremony) which followed by the activity of pasar majalangu, and \n\nnangluk merana ceremony, in term of dancing/orchestra, ngelawang, Kuta Carnival, \n\npenjor competition and architecture art such as holy buildings as part of parhyangan. \n\n Cultural capital process as tourism development basis of traditional village of \n\nKuta is inseparable from the arrival of foreigner to traditional village of Kuta such as \n\nMads Johansen Lange which is well-known as Tuan Lange and Vannie Walker \n\nwhich is well-known as K\u2019tut Tantri or Miss Manx. Tuan Lange established coconut \n\nplant and open export-import company and in 1839 he has got the trust from \n\nsyahbandar (wholesaler) in Kuta from Kesiman King, Gusti Ngurah Gede Kesiman. \n\nIn the meanwhile, K\u2019tut Tantri in 1930s as the foster child of a king in Bali, \n\nestablished hotel \u201cSwara Segara\u201d where the building of his hotel shows local capital \n\nculture. Starting 1960s to 1990s the massive tourism development takes place by the \n\narrival of much capital entrepreneur supported by government policy to develop \n\ncultural tourism by approving Bali Local Regulation Number 3 of 1974. Krama \n\n(member) of traditional village having friendly, open characters and high tolerant has \n\neuphoria as they have big economic benefit from making cultural capital as the \n\ntourism development basis.", "start_char_idx": 5812, "end_char_idx": 8238, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b8a6884b-eae8-45ad-ad55-9838c5ff6458": {"__data__": {"id_": "b8a6884b-eae8-45ad-ad55-9838c5ff6458", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3614", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "82c1417ea0e30ad8f1069c53a7c349b3eb5bead1d311fd1c9e63324833940f62", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ee76f402-617f-4d79-a8d2-60c105c1f206", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "73ee80eaf71c57ed4be39ed0eb1331efc148ef305473ca787c750638923a66ad", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "648cdbb8-ca77-4f87-ba23-9d73bde95e6d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fcc9c3f13be6b0e47b5e36602763ffeddbfe351e7bb88a606451e306ab345619", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\n When the victory of New regime from 1980s to 1990-an, in this case the \n\nGovernment of Badung regency and PUSKOPAD (The Armed Forces Cooperation \n\nCenter) enter into managing unit business of beach seller and art shops in traditional \n\nvillage of Kuta. Krama (member) of traditional village feels unhappy and then \n\nconducts negotiation and destruct caf\u00e9 and tourism facilities at beach under \n\nmanagement of PUSKOPAD, and finally traditional village of Kuta can manage its \n\ncultural capital in term of activities at beach and its own arts hops in 1999. After that \n\nwhen a tragedy of Bali bombing dated 12 October 2002 takes place, krama (member) \n\nof village shows cultural capital in handling the effect of this bomb tragedy quickly \n\nand spontaneously such as quick in giving assistance to bombing victims and \n\nconducts ritual ceremony to return purity of the area. There is no anarchy or revenge \n\ndone, although this action is worried by the safety staff. Cultural capital in term of \n\nfriendly attitude, high tolerant and creative in doing innovation makes cultural capital \n\nof traditional village of Kuta changes from individualism into collectivism, observing \n\nfrom the events of Kuta carnival, so the image of traditional village of Kuta as safe \n\nand comfort destination keep on maintaining.  \n\n The factors that motivate for cultural capital as tourism development basis in \n\ntraditional village of Kuta, such as motivation and the necessity of tourist, tourism \n\nhegemonic, the changing of life view of traditional village, and the image as global \n\nvillage. Through the existence of motivation and necessity of tourists visiting \n\ntraditional village of Kuta, krama (member) of traditional village involves in tourism \n\nservices to meet the motivation and demand of these tourists. Deconstruction of \n\ncultural practices in tourism development shows the occurrence of economic order of \n\nsynthesis with symbolic power, where traditional village of Kuta has symbolically a \n\nfull power toward its cultural capital, but in practice it cannot be separated from any \n\npower relation of tourism hegemony on the basis of capitalist market ideology. The \n\nchanging of life view from agriculture into pragmatic one in accordance with the \n\ntourism market demand, make them that they must adapt quickly in order their \n\ncultural capital has practical value and beneficial in improving prosperity and \n\ntourism development. As consequence, cultural capital of traditional village of Kuta \n\nhas been part of global tourism culture, so traditional village of Kuta has image as \n\nglobal village, an image which is currently proud so much. Globalization", "start_char_idx": 8244, "end_char_idx": 10905, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "648cdbb8-ca77-4f87-ba23-9d73bde95e6d": {"__data__": {"id_": "648cdbb8-ca77-4f87-ba23-9d73bde95e6d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3614", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "82c1417ea0e30ad8f1069c53a7c349b3eb5bead1d311fd1c9e63324833940f62", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b8a6884b-eae8-45ad-ad55-9838c5ff6458", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "918618d957f8e3f3b4db4bc11f76251fc386613175b31306803c4436eb182d72", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9bc590b1-2df2-4981-b72d-15434b0fba6d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1e6a085f3cfad65738a8a4f98e889f6bb8c2af5c1d9c7d2705c4577d248e1760", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\nphenomenon appears in accordance with the proud of krama (member) of traditional \n\nvillage toward the image of global village as seen in the events of Kuta Carnival. \n\n The meanings of cultural capital as tourism development basis in traditional \n\nvillage of Kuta are such as innovative, religious, preservation of cultural capital and \n\nprosperity meanings. Innovative meaning has the orientation and future hope based \n\non local and global context of global tourism development, so it appears in the \n\nsurface are simulacrum, more and more simulated society, and cheat in global image \n\nwhich is full of competition. Tourism is expected to be able to improve life \n\nprosperity of krama (member) of traditional village, in other side it is expected for \n\nbeing able to preserve and develop cultural capital which is inseparable with identity \n\nof religious traditional village. So that is why, in traditional village of Kuta can be \n\nwitnesses activity of member of traditional village having sacred one in accordance \n\nwith profane tourism activity, so it takes place post-spirituality phenomenon namely \n\nthe mixed of material and non material ones. The post-spirituality phenomenon is \n\nseen on ritual procession of traditional village of Kuta. Cultural capital experiences \n\nart by metamorphosis, it takes place the changing from ritual to theater, such as ritual \n\nprocession of melasti at beach arranged like a performance stage so it can be seen by \n\ntourists well while conducting activities of sea, sand and sun set. In the middle of this \n\nphenomenon, the tourism is considered for being able to strengthen identity and \n\nbelief of krama (member) of traditional village toward religious-magic and \n\nstrengthens religiosity feeling, so it appears the term \u201ccakra yadnya\u201d to describe \n\nharmony of tourism activities with religious activities to be prosperous life. This \n\nphenomenon shows politically more and more strengthen of identity of traditional \n\nvillage on Tri Hita Karana basis. \n\n It is, however, a strong market ideology pressure in tourism hegemony, \n\nmaking prosperity to all krama (member) of traditional village which is expected not \n\nfulfilled yet, and there is still krama (member) to be marginalized in tourism \n\ndevelopment. It has taken place symbolic manipulation of market ideology, namely \n\nbehind the glamour of tourism activities and the density of growth for tourism \n\naccommodation, there are still krama (member) of traditional village in poor \n\ncondition. Marginalization in economic field due to no cultural capital such as low \n\nknowledge and skill is analogized as \u201ckidang nyirig pangkung\u201d, it means a deer runs", "start_char_idx": 10911, "end_char_idx": 13568, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9bc590b1-2df2-4981-b72d-15434b0fba6d": {"__data__": {"id_": "9bc590b1-2df2-4981-b72d-15434b0fba6d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3614", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "82c1417ea0e30ad8f1069c53a7c349b3eb5bead1d311fd1c9e63324833940f62", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "648cdbb8-ca77-4f87-ba23-9d73bde95e6d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "d9a3bfab6a75534864ba09b25457a28e45b2d2c829a27752b24da648761fae3a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "73db5658-1249-4782-b0ba-24e503198e6c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6f1e74179b3553689e8c2e5339833a8b284563453afa040f898b5b0f2beb8b05", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\n\nbackward into the bank of valley that cannot seen the direction well. They are falling \n\ninto poor condition due to competition victim of capitalists, it is seen from the \n\nexistence of krama (member) of traditional village who sell their ancestor land and \n\nfinally they have no house anymore and they live in not suitable house at this \n\nmoment. \n\n \n\nIII. RESEARCH NOVELTY \n\n The research novelty in this research are as follows : \n\n(1) The process of cultural capital as the tourism development basis in traditional \n\nvillage of Kuta runs spontaneously, as it is motivated by the attitude of euphoria \n\nof krama (member) of traditional village accepts tourism in open and creative \n\nones that they feel give some big economic benefits; \n\n(2) The development in any tourism facilities and attitude as well as activity of \n\nkrama (member) of traditional village in tourism field becomes a new social of \n\nstatus symbol, symbolic status as modern village or global village. \n\n(3) Cultural capital as tourism development basis is symbolized as a cakra yadnya, it \n\nmeans cultural practices and tourism activities are believed as holy sacrifice, like \n\na cakra that is expected to keep on running while reaching the peak of life in this \n\nglobalization. The term of cakra yadnya in Cultural Perspective is equal to \n\nglocalization  one, it means the local to be produced as global and localization of \n\nglobal one into tourism development. Simulacrum phenomenon and post-\n\nspirituality appears to escort glocalization process; \n\n(4) When the Bali bombing tragedy on 12 October 2002, cultural capital is the basis \n\nin handling tragedy of bomb effect. Krama (member) of traditional village in \n\nhigh tolerant and creative to conduct innovation of cultural capital in establishing \n\nthe image of traditional village of Kuta as tourism destination such as seen in \n\nritual procession of Karipubhaya and event of Kuta Carnival; \n\n(5) Euphoria period of tourism has pass\u00e9 away, so cultural capital as tourism \n\ndevelopment basis in traditional village of Kuta shows a  political struggling \n\nprocess of identity as the implementation of resistance of krama (member) of \n\ntraditional village toward market ideology where traditional village sustainability \n\ncan be maintained;", "start_char_idx": 13574, "end_char_idx": 15845, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "73db5658-1249-4782-b0ba-24e503198e6c": {"__data__": {"id_": "73db5658-1249-4782-b0ba-24e503198e6c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3614", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "82c1417ea0e30ad8f1069c53a7c349b3eb5bead1d311fd1c9e63324833940f62", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9bc590b1-2df2-4981-b72d-15434b0fba6d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "d2fe9a45116b4c14a5631938eee11f251c89a929bfd42b7c0841b79e358fc3cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "47ca0b0d-e187-41b8-85fa-2d3ff17991a2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4c0cf09263af5212059a55d0ee035d358314af4805d3fd91118737f79d4bf5f6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8\n\n(6) Negative excess of cultural capital as tourism development basis is seen from the \n\nexistence of krama (member) of traditional village of Kuta who lost cultural \n\ncapital, it is analogized as \u201ckidang nyirig pangkung\u201d, it means a deer run \n\nbackward in the bank of valley that cannot see the direction well, and finally they \n\nfall into the valley, they are falling in poor condition as the victim of competition \n\nof capitalist market; \n\n(7) The struggle to eradicate symbolic manipulation of tourism hegemony to \n\nimplement sustainable community based tourism in traditional village of Kuta \n\ntakes a long time and need support from all parties like state, market and society. \n\n \n\nIV. CONCLUSIONS \n\n Based on research toward cultural capital as tourism development basis in \n\ntraditional village of Kuta it can be concluded : (1) Cultural capital process as \n\ntourism development basis in traditional village of Kuta initiates from the arrival of \n\nforeigners in traditional village of Kuta, both the activity of selling and tourism \n\nactivities, such as Tuan Lange and K\u2019tut Tantri. In 1960s-1990s tourism hegemony is \n\ngetting stronger and stronger seeing from massive tourism development due to the \n\narrival of big market entrepreneur supported by government policy, by approving \n\nLocal Regulation of Bali Number 3 of 1974; (2) Factors that motivate cultural capital \n\nas tourism development basis in traditional village of Kuta, such as tourists\u2019 \n\nmotivation and necessity, tourism hegemony, changing of live view and image as \n\nglobal village; (3) Cultural capital as tourism development basis in traditional village \n\nof Kuta has innovation, religious, cultural preservation, prosperity and identity \n\npolitical meanings. \n\n \n\nV. REFERENCES \n\nAbdullah, Irwan. 2006. Konstruksi dan Reproduksi Kebudayaan, Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar \n\nArdika, 2007. Pusaka Budaya dan Pariwisata. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan \n------------, 2003. \"Komponen Budaya Bali sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata.\" I Wayan \n\nArdika (penyunting). Pariwisata Budaya Berkelanjutan, Refleksi dan \nHarapan di Tengah Perkembangan Global. Denpasar: Program Studi \nMagister (S2) Kajian Pariwisata Universitas Udayana. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004. Posrealitas, Realitas Kebudayaan dalam Era \nPosmetqfisika. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra", "start_char_idx": 15851, "end_char_idx": 18150, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "47ca0b0d-e187-41b8-85fa-2d3ff17991a2": {"__data__": {"id_": "47ca0b0d-e187-41b8-85fa-2d3ff17991a2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3614", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "82c1417ea0e30ad8f1069c53a7c349b3eb5bead1d311fd1c9e63324833940f62", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "73db5658-1249-4782-b0ba-24e503198e6c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "7931b5e44926a0620c777c648819a03465328471bfd78228f8b2b150fa748582", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "94b6d29a-ddf3-40d2-88bb-363821c683cb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fe340f0ab4509596f4921ec4f901c21f08c33aeef6fe3176418388fe1a8ae953", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "9\n\nPitana, I Gede. 2008. \"Membalik Ombak: Pariwisata dan Industri Budaya Sebagai \nWahana Pengelolaan Kebudayaan Bali\". Naskah lengkap kumpulan \nmakalah Kongkres Kebudayaan Bali, 14-16 Juni 2008. Denpasar: Dinas \nKebudayaan Provinsi Bali/Panitia Kongres Kebudayaan Bali. \n\nPitana, I Gde. 1998. \"Tourisfikasi, Internasionalisasi, dan Indegenisasi: \nPembangunan Bali Menyongsong Milenium Ketiga dan Era Reformasi \nTotal\". Naskah lengkap Orasi Ilmiah Dies Natalis ke-36 Universitas \nUdayana. Denpasar 29 September. \n\nPrameswari, Ariningtyas,Y,. 2005. \"Faktor-Faktor Pendorong dan Penarik \nWisatawan Memiiih   Bali   Sebagai   Daerah  Tujuan   Wisata\",   (Tesis).   \nDenpasar: Universitas Udayana.  \n\nBagus, I Gusti Ngurah, (editor). 1975. Badi dalam Sentuhan Pariwisata. Denpasar \nUniversitas Udayana. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Bentang \nBloch, Peter. 2007. Mads Lange The Bali Trader and Peacemaker. Bali: The Bali \n\nPurnati \nEggcr, Ben. 2006.  Teori Sosial Kritis, Kritik, Penerapan dan Implikasinya, \n\nterjemahan Nurhadi, Yogyakarta, Kreasi Wacana \n \nVI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT \n In this good occasion, the writer expresses thank to: (1) Rector of Udayana \n\nUniversity Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Bakta, Sp.PD (K); (2) Director Program of \n\nPostgraduate Udayana University, Prof. Dr. Ir. Dewa Ngurah Suprapta, M.Sc; (3) \n\nHead Program Doctoral Study (S3) Cultural Concentration Udayana University, \n\nProf. Dr. I Made Suastika, SU.; (4) Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, MA, as Promoter who \n\nis patient to guide, direct, give input to this thesis since designing, research, writing \n\nand during the class session having a deep discussion about cultural capital and \n\ncultural tourism; (5) Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Kutha Ratna, SU as Co-promoter I and Prof. \n\nDr. Emiliana Mariyah, M.S as Co-promoter II for their full of spirit and patience in \n\ngiving their assistance in completing this dissertation; (6) Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sirtha, \n\nSH, MS., Prof. Dr. I Gde Semadi Astra, Prof. Dr. I Nengah Duija, M.Si, and Dr.        \n\nI Gede Mudana, M.Si who have given supervision, suggestion and guidance; (7) \n\nTraditional Head Village of Kuta, I Gusti Ketut Sudira and all krama (members) of \n\nTraditional Village of Kuta especially to be informants.", "start_char_idx": 18156, "end_char_idx": 20414, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "94b6d29a-ddf3-40d2-88bb-363821c683cb": {"__data__": {"id_": "94b6d29a-ddf3-40d2-88bb-363821c683cb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3617", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "fd440b0a11a6f4cc5f45f8aaa660af8981240d4c490951838635dbea12e4646d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "47ca0b0d-e187-41b8-85fa-2d3ff17991a2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3614", "author": "Sumadi, Ketut; Ardika, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " CULTURAL CAPITAL AS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASIS IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUTA", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3614.pdf"}, "hash": "972e40bd0151b718270fc20b24012252769250e562616b2d107f412060140a66", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6f4f5251-0973-4af8-9c81-20cb9eb4f42c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cbbf47f5e66fa7ca86fb8991d3e0431073eb47471affec7cb6c976843ffe336b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Sri Purnama Syam_E-journal\n\n\nEAGLE DANCE \nAS CULTURAL IDENTITY  \n\nIN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, \nIN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE,  AIR HITAM DISTRICT, \n\nSAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE  \n \n\nSri Purnama Syam1, I Wayan Dibia2, \nI Made Suastika3, Daryusti \n\n \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Performing Arts Faculty, Indonesian Arts Institute, Denpasar \n\n3Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nEmail: Purnama19@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nThis dissertation discusses the Eagles dance as the identity of dance in \n\ncultural change in isolated tribal community (SAD), in the village of Pematang \nKabau, Air HItam District, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi Province. Central \nGovernment through the Ministry of Social Affairs moved SAD out of the jungle \nand then settling on a permanent area and this activity has been carried out since \n1973. Furthermore, the settlement resulted in a fairly fundamental change, not \nonly in style and environment of SAD, but more important to the identity markers \nand self-identity of SAD.   \n\nPeople of SAD who had been settled, strive to keep eagle dance even by \nmaking some changes as far as not to break out the essential elements of the Eagle \ndance in order to avoid a total loss of identity and their self-identity in the new \nneighborhoods, This study aims to see how art, in this case Eagle dance, can be a \nmarker of identity that attaches to the SAD after they settle outside the forest. To \nachieve these objectives there are three main problems which will be sought \nanswers in this study, namely: (1) What does the Eagles dance of SAD in the \nvillage of Pematang Kabau looks like?; (2) how is the status of the Eagles dance \nfor SAD in the village of Pematang Kabau; and (3) how is the impact and \nmeaning of Eagles dance towards the SAD changes?  \n\nThe study with the perspective of cultural studies designing as this \nqualitative research is used to solve the three problems mentioned above by using \nseveral concepts, theories and techniques of data collection. Concepts are referred \nto Eagle dance, cultural identity, change, and isolated tribal community. The \ntheory used is the identity theory, the theory of semiotics, hegemony theory, and \ntheory of deconstruction. Data collection techniques include participant \nobservation, depth interviews, and study of literature / documentation. The data \ncollected is processed in a descriptive analytical and subsequently presented in the \nform of narrative, tables, and visual illustrations.  \n\nThe results indicate that there had been changes towards the Eagles dance \nin SAD which had settled in  Kabau Pematang village, although the use of holy \n\n\n\nspells as a musical accompaniment and distinctive gestures symbolic of this dance \nis still maintained. In residential SAD, Eagle dance is treated as a cultural group \nidentity, and the regeneration of the dancers began to be conducted. The impact of \nthis treatment which is carried out by citizens of SAD making the Eagles dance \nbecomes sustainable dance despite the new of its socio-cultural functions. For \nSAD in residential areas, Eagle dance means as a symbol of cultural expression, \nequality, and welfare. The main meaning of Eagles dance, who built from \ntradition and cultural power of SAD, becomes a representation of community \ngroups concerned, in the midst of pressure, domination and influence of the \nmajority culture.  \n \nKey words: Eagle Dance, cultural identity, change, isolated tribal community", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3554, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6f4f5251-0973-4af8-9c81-20cb9eb4f42c": {"__data__": {"id_": "6f4f5251-0973-4af8-9c81-20cb9eb4f42c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3617", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "fd440b0a11a6f4cc5f45f8aaa660af8981240d4c490951838635dbea12e4646d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "94b6d29a-ddf3-40d2-88bb-363821c683cb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "b8202234ec5f4bbae2b5746ae9bb18c7b6e62c8c673648625c1017131c7eced1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "11f562aa-603d-4809-9f6d-412ad57883dd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f848eaa2aad7333ba5097684ea3640e844110763b65f1749234e46827b207754", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "INTRODUCTION  \n \n\nThere is a new residential area for isolated tribal community (SAD) in \n\nKabau Pematang Village, Air HItam District, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi \n\nProvince, While claiming to improve the standard of living of the underdeveloped \n\nrural communities, a culture considered primitive and backward, then since 1973, \n\nthe central government through the Ministry of Social Affairs moved the SAD out  \n\nof the jungle, which makes them leave their old lifestyle, which is always close \n\nwith nature and entering into a new and modern lifestyle that\u2019s far from the \n\njungle.  \n\nBefore settled, SAD, which is the origin community of Jambi, living in the \n\nwilds of the jungle in the province of Jambi to the borders of Palembang. They \n\nlive in groups and spread out in the jungle. Their life is depending on the natural \n\nresources in the jungle. The SAD also lives in jungle to continue their generation. \n\nJungle is everything for SAD. The Bukit Dua Belas jungle region becomes the \n\ncenter of SAD distribution. It is called Bukit Dua Belas because there are  twelve \n\nsteps surrounding jungle hillside. The SAD group believes that the respected \n\nGods, spirits of ancestors and ghosts reside in this hill. Then, in 2000 Bukit Dua \n\nBelas is functioned as National Park forest with an area of 60,500 ha.  \n\nFurthermore, SAD is the name given by the government through the \n\nMinistry of Social Affairs to the community. They are classified as public in \n\nisolated, primitive, and backward. The concept of isolated communities is \n\nintroduced by the Ministry of Social Affairs is attached to the original community \n\nor now known as Indigenous People outside of Java, who live in the forest with \n\nthe livelihoods of hunting, gathering, shifting cultivation, and so on.  \n\nSo far, the planners and development practitioners assume that the SAD \n\nwas isolated communities which reflect the backwardness of their living \n\nstandards. Therefore, they are considered not in accordance with the aims of \n\ndevelopment. Way of life and culture run by the SAD assessed as poverty, \n\nalienation, and underdevelopment. Starting from these assumptions, occurs a kind \n\nof an understanding for the importance of the changes. These changes are \n\nsometimes shaped as  traditional values taken off then  replaced with other values, \n\nin order to achieve the development goals. One of the changes made to help the", "start_char_idx": 3565, "end_char_idx": 5968, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "11f562aa-603d-4809-9f6d-412ad57883dd": {"__data__": {"id_": "11f562aa-603d-4809-9f6d-412ad57883dd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3617", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "fd440b0a11a6f4cc5f45f8aaa660af8981240d4c490951838635dbea12e4646d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6f4f5251-0973-4af8-9c81-20cb9eb4f42c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "248517426d1c9e60776fd2592819de51dd160c78f61c6ef1097d150653b920c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c7f38938-74c1-47f5-b45d-018f077455c4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f8dc8088248f09acf26ea3cca2e066ed6ea605f83eb3f95956acd8e55a548780", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "the SAD is an effort to settle the isolated communities or known as the Indigenous \n\nCustom Community Empowerment. SAD moved out from the jungle then settled \n\nin developing villages. \n\n Settlements that have been made, leading to fundamental changes not \n\nonly towards in lifestyle and environment SAD, but much more important lead on \n\nthe markers of identity and the identity of SAD itself.  Eagle dance is one of the \n\nSAD cultural identity, which distinguishes them with other community groups. \n\nTherefore, SAD people who lives in Pematang Kabau village, working hard to \n\nkeep this dance even by making some changes as far as not ruin the essential \n\nelements of the dance itself.  \n\nThis study aims to see how art, in this case Eagle dance, can be a marker \n\nof identity that attaches to the SAD after they settle outside the forest. To achieve \n\nthese objectives there are three main problems which will be sought answers in \n\nthis study, namely: (1) What does the Eagles dance of SAD in the village of \n\nPematang Kabau looks like?; (2) how is the status of the Eagles dance for SAD in \n\nthe village of Pematang Kabau; and ( 3) how is the impact and meaning of Eagles \n\ndance towards the SAD changes?  \n\n \n\n \n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION  \n\nThis study applied qualitative methods to describe the efforts of SAD \n\nliving in  the village Pematang Kabau, Air HItam District Sarolangun Regency, \n\nJambi Province to maintain its cultural identity through the Eagles dance. This \n\nresearch was conducted in several stages. Firstly, ethnographic data collection \n\nabout SAD and the Eagles dance as a kind of art they have. Then took a look at \n\nthe SAD who had been taken out from the jungle with their Eagle dance.. Next, \n\nthe process of analyzing the changes of eagle dance is conducted that followed by \n\nanalyzing the identity of the SAD which is represented in the dance. Secondly, \n\nchoose the theory that will be used to assess the problems. this research uses the \n\ntheory of identity, semiotics, hegemony, and Deconstruction. Thirdly, analyze and \n\ninterpret temporarily data, and the fourth stage as the final stage was the  writing \n\nof the results of research that had been conducted.", "start_char_idx": 5973, "end_char_idx": 8168, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c7f38938-74c1-47f5-b45d-018f077455c4": {"__data__": {"id_": "c7f38938-74c1-47f5-b45d-018f077455c4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3617", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "fd440b0a11a6f4cc5f45f8aaa660af8981240d4c490951838635dbea12e4646d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "11f562aa-603d-4809-9f6d-412ad57883dd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "d645aba381d6f8aa62703cca39f98ad458f66cfdc700dcd2cbf816f4a584b914", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a1b51a2f-4468-410a-9598-fafd20328bc2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d1bef4a6bb1435949978d7e27a9ad1e6b25d5849640f39be4fe9582ef252b295", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESEARCH FINDINGS  \n\nThese research findings can be described generally as follows.  \n\n1. There is a change to the Eagles dance of SAD which had been settled in Kabau \n\nPematang village. However, the changes has been made as an effort to keep the \n\nEagle dance  life  based on the context of the SAD after they live outside the \n\njungle. It is conducted by the SAD in order to disclosure and strengthening their \n\nidentity and to demonstrate the existence of SAD as a civilized society and was \n\nable to prove their equality with other groups outside the community.  \n\n2. Sustainability identity of SAD towards Eagles dance can be seen from the \n\nspells that are still used and serve as musical accompaniment for the Eagles dance, \n\nas well as dance movement that is still patterned as the Eagle dance movement \n\npreviously. This dance is put as a reflection of mythological animals, the eagle. \n\nAlthough the SAD which has been settled in Kabau Pematang Village has no \n\nlonger believe in God  of Bird, but they still appreciate it. In addition, the SAD in \n\nthe village of Pematang Kabau, began to regenerate the dancer in order to avoid a \n\ndiscontinuity of identity.  \n\n3. The existence of Eagles dance belongs to  a representation of the SAD as a \n\nforce that built within the culture itself in the midst of change and majority \n\ncultural pressure which are felt to have been pressing them towards their \n\nbackwardness label. The existence of harmonization efforts undertaken by moving \n\nthe SAD out of the jungle causes waning of identity of the SAD itself, it would be \n\nfortified with retaining the existing art as the Eagle dance. Surely the existence of \n\nSAD is not to be discriminated against, not as a scorn, but the recognition and \n\nequality with other people is highly expected. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH CONCLUSION \n\nConclusions of this study is an effort of SAD in  \n\nFirst, SAD continually strives to maintain their identity, particularly \n\nthrough the Eagle dance. This is intended to eliminate the side view and a \n\nnegative label toward the SAD. Although, there is a change of identity of the \n\npeople who live the jungles within the people who live in rural areas and settle \n\n\n\ndown, but SAD does not want to erase his past as a rural community. This process \n\nproves that the identity belongs to a dialogical discourse that always bargains to \n\nachieve a complete understanding of the identity construction of a group of \n\nindigenous peoples.  \n\nSecond, although the SAD in Kabau Pematang Village has been moved \n\nout and settled and has been changed its lifestyle, beliefs, etc. but the label as rural \n\ncommunities remain sealed because until now they still referred to as SAD. They \n\nstill get different treatment, and remained as second-class communities whose \n\nexistence remained marginalized. So what does the expenditure from the jungle \n\nmean?  \n\nThird, Eagle dance was the result of the reforms undertaken by the SAD to \n\nundermine the negative meanings that had been attached to the SAD, related to \n\ntheir identity as rural communities. Negative labels that have been attributed to \n\nSAD so far makes them conditioned as ethnic minorities. The Eagle dance related \n\nin the present context has both a new understanding in the sight of SAD people or \n\npeople outside SAD. Eagle Dance as a continuity of tradition owned by SAD in \n\nKabau Pematang Village becomes representation of the SAD to strengthen their \n\nexistence in gaining equality with other community in various ways.  \n\nThe fourth, the Eagles dance as a local cultural product of SAD which is \n\nbuilt on the accumulation process of cultural, historical, and community \n\nrepresentation of form of SAD is also functioned as an aesthetic that appears on \n\nthe assumption which born within themselves and the surrounding environment. \n\nThe cultural uniqueness of SAD should be able to reflect  the cultural diversity \n\nowned by Indonesia and enrich the existing diversity itself. \n\n \n\nREFFERENCES \n\nAbdillah, S.Ubed.2002. Politik Identitas Etnis. Pergulatan Tanpa Tanda Identitas. \n\nMagelang:INDONESIATERA \n\nBakker, Chris. 2004. Cultural Studies. (Tim Kreasi, Pentj). Yogyakarta: Kreasi \n\nWacana.", "start_char_idx": 8176, "end_char_idx": 12352, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a1b51a2f-4468-410a-9598-fafd20328bc2": {"__data__": {"id_": "a1b51a2f-4468-410a-9598-fafd20328bc2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3617", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "fd440b0a11a6f4cc5f45f8aaa660af8981240d4c490951838635dbea12e4646d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c7f38938-74c1-47f5-b45d-018f077455c4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "0fc13fdb26710217b414bf8c6362ba3c72b69e7833414ac27d181dbea88aa95c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b5474b8f-e141-4ce1-9fa3-fae7c1cb38f0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "416b033493b94abebbd2f1d5339874947247bf3866281582c054fbedaf93b766", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Sanjaya, P Utama. 1999. Negara, Masyarakat Adat, Dan Demokrasi: Beberapa \n\nTelaah Eksploratif Tentang Hubungan Negara Dengan Masyarakat Adat. \n\nJakarta: LSPP dan Kongres Masyarakat Adat Nusantara. \n\nSoedarsono, R.M. 2003. Seni Pertunjukan Dari Perspektif Politik, Sosial, dan \n\nEkonomi. Yogyakarta:Gajah Mada University. \n\nS.M. Mutholib. 1995. Orang Rimbo: Kajian Struktural Fungsional Masyarakat  \n\nTerasing di Makekal, Provinsi Jambi. Bandung:Universitas Padjajaran. \n\nSmiers, Joost. 2009. Arts Under Pressure. Memperjuangkan Keanekaragaman  \n\nBudaya di Era Globalisasi (terjemahan). Yogyakarta:Insistpress. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n \nThe writer would like to appreciate her thankfulness to Prof. Dr. I. Wayan Dibia, \nM.A., as the promotor, Prof. Dr. I. Made Suastika, S.U, as the co-promotor I, and \nProf. Dr. Daryusti, M.Hum, as copromotor II, who already given his/her advise \nand motivation started from the proposal composing up the finishing of this \ndissertasion my gratefulness also comes to The Head of the University, \npostgraduate studies director and his/her staffs, and the head of cultural studies \ndoctorate program and his/her staffs.", "start_char_idx": 12357, "end_char_idx": 13507, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b5474b8f-e141-4ce1-9fa3-fae7c1cb38f0": {"__data__": {"id_": "b5474b8f-e141-4ce1-9fa3-fae7c1cb38f0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "7aed063917b124e1fad09ccfce2763bf3d068624504aef3bb17a4ec49e44c883", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a1b51a2f-4468-410a-9598-fafd20328bc2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3617", "author": "Purnama, Sri; Dibia, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; -, Daryusti", "title": " EAGLE DANCE AS CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE ISOLATING TRIBAL COMMUNITY CHANGES, IN PEMATANG KABAU VILLAGE, AIR HITAM DISTRICT, SAROLANGUN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3617.pdf"}, "hash": "a32004487be01ee8981a66a1c006c2e9abc0c56d11cdb6f51b4c77f23a3eb1e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5277d650-8a41-4bd0-ba8c-af1c1a8177a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9520cd317c7dfc909a2f613d209b13f28695fa01b536f057799a538e8d728921", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Murtana_E-journal\n\n\nIDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN  \nBY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA:  \n\nIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES  \n \n\nI Nyoman Murtana1, I Made Suastika2, \nI Wayan Dibia3, I Nyoman Kutha Ratna2 \n\n \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\n3Performing Arts Faculty, Indonesian Arts Institute, Denpasar \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n This dissertation contains  the result of the research in the ideology of the \n\nstory or Lakon Cupak Ke Swargan (hereon abbreviated to LCS) by the puppet \n\nmaster or Dalang Jangga, in a performance of Wayang Cupak at Dukuh Pulu \n\nTengah, Mambang Village, East Selemadeg District.  This story conveys a \n\nnumber of life values which are expressed ideologically through various events, \n\nincluding a power struggle, a love story, and a search for God.  All the events are \n\nexpressed aesthetically so that audience can enjoy the performance.  \n\n The target of the research is a performance of LCS by Dalang Jangga in a \n\nrecording by Aneka Record Tabanan, which the writer transcribed in the form of a \n\nwritten text.  The research focuses on the idelogy contained in LCS.  The type of \n\ndata used was qualitative data about the ideology that was assumed to be found in \n\nthis story.  The qualitative data associated with the life of the late Dalang Jangga, \n\nin relation to his work in the field of shadow puppet theater, was based on the data \n\ncollected in the field through in-depth interviews with a number of informants, \n\nusing a snowball technique. A post-modern approach was applied through pheno-\n\nmenological, deconstructive, and critical paradigms. The analysis was carried out \n\nusing an analytical descriptive technique based on an interpretation of the data \n\ncollected. The focus of the analysis was directed by applying three theories, \n\nnamely theories of ideology, function, and semiotics. \n\n  Three main topics were obtained from the analysis of the data, namely the \n\nform, function, and meaning of the ideology.  By studying the ideological form, it \n\nwas possible to gain a picture about the conservative, progressive, and pragmatic \n\n\n\nideology of Dalang Jangga. From the ideological function, the writer gained an \n\nidea of its social dynamic, educational, ritual, and aesthetical.  A study of the \n\nideological meaning provided an illustration of the symbolic, ethical, and \n\naesthetical meanings.  \n\n \nKey words: ideology, Cupak Ke Swargan, and Dalang I Made Jangga.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2545, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5277d650-8a41-4bd0-ba8c-af1c1a8177a1": {"__data__": {"id_": "5277d650-8a41-4bd0-ba8c-af1c1a8177a1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "7aed063917b124e1fad09ccfce2763bf3d068624504aef3bb17a4ec49e44c883", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b5474b8f-e141-4ce1-9fa3-fae7c1cb38f0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "8055f93febb76c45f4a0b58bf559a6044ae49c035e64b3283d008b8a896fb377", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2af5dcf4-361f-4314-aade-af05199c0164", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ea4d9dd263c5bac7ee5e745a558b129e25363e38dafe2357b3102f792a7ec179", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "INTRODUCTION \n \n LCS by Dalang Jangga is a repertoire which conveys various life values, \n\nexpressed through a number of events, including a power struggle, a love story, \n\nand a search for God. All these events are expressed aesthetically so that the \n\naudience can enjoy the performance.  For this reason, the substance and essense of \n\nideological form, function, and meaning in this story need to be studied as a \n\nreference for self-control and  awareness of the true meaning of life. \n\n The focus of the ideology which is the target of this research is the \n\nexpression of communist ideology, the ideology of togetherness, and the ideology \n\nof divinity, expressed through the artistic ideology in LCS.  All the ideology was \n\nobtained from six aoudio cassettes which the researcher transcribed in the form of \n\na written text to be used as a document for studying the data about the ideology. \n\n This research uses qualitative data about the ideology contained in the \n\nstory, as discovered and collected from the results of the transcription.  The data \n\nassosiated with the rumours of his involvement in the Indonesian Communist \n\nParty (PKI) was collected by means of observation through in-depth interviews \n\nusing a snowball technique. This technique was chosen as it offered a greater \n\nguarantee of success in covering or collecting data which was kept secret by the \n\ncommunity. Although the laws of subversion related to communism were \n\nabolished by the former President, Abdurrahman Wahid, many members of the \n\ncommunity are still reluctant to talk about the political conflict surrounding the \n\nevents of G\u201930\u201dS/PKI.  At that time, all the inhabitants of Dukuh Pulu Tengah \n\nbecame PKI sympathizers in order to retain political unity in the local community. \n\nThey were trapped in the political unrest and had no knowledge of the basic ideo-\n\nlogy, direction, or goals of the party.  As a result, 18 members of the community \n\nwere killed, including Dalang jangga, as they were rumoured to be local leaders \n\nof PKI.   \n\n The questions which are hoped to be answered are (1) What ideology is \n\ncontained in LCS? (2) What is the function of the ideology in LCS? (3) What is \n\nthe meaning of the ideology in LCS? \n\n This research applies a post-modern approach through phenomenology, \n\ndeconstruction, and critical paradigms. According to Scott Lash (in Turner, 2003:", "start_char_idx": 2555, "end_char_idx": 4940, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2af5dcf4-361f-4314-aade-af05199c0164": {"__data__": {"id_": "2af5dcf4-361f-4314-aade-af05199c0164", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "7aed063917b124e1fad09ccfce2763bf3d068624504aef3bb17a4ec49e44c883", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5277d650-8a41-4bd0-ba8c-af1c1a8177a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "91d7104476abb62060f47b4c35994abdb73fbd31ac4ca9ca02a3588f853021c8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "baca052e-ab7e-42f4-a35f-05921f48e2d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "085c0364a31d3cff95895a0830b607f8a49960a06696db42246d34c776118839", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "104-105, 107), postmodernism defends humanism, rebuilds historical dimensions, \n\nrejects the group of pioneers who place importance on convention, and is not self-\n\nreferential but other-referential. Humanism is related to the ontological primacy of \n\nman before God. Postmodernism correlates with the art of humanistic beauty \n\nwhich replaces the aesthetical experiences of the modernists. Postmodernists have \n\na desire for space which is friendly to its owner. \n\n Phenomenology studies the symptoms which emerge as knowledge of \n\nessence (Wahana, 2004:32), which according to Nietzche (in Sunardi, 2006:95) \n\nare relational.  A phenomenological approach directs the focus and attention onto \n\nan object which consciously exists. All directions converge on the object; on \n\nsomething which is known, seen, loved, and hated. The world is created and can \n\nbe understood through consciousness ( Wahana, 2004:32-36).  According to Afred \n\nSchultz (in Maliki, 2004:233-34), the man creates his own world  through an \n\nunderstanding of the continouity of experiences which the senses receive. This  \n\nencourages the consciousness to act for all meaningful actions.  \n\n According to Barbara Johnson, (in Audifax, 2007:46), deconstruction has \n\nalmost the same meaning as \u201canalysis,\u201d which means breaking down, disentang-\n\nling and revealing.  Deconstruction is a strategy for breaking down a structure and \n\nits field of meaning.  Derrida used deconstruction to show the relevance of world \n\nviews about logocentrism, phallogocentrism, and binary opposition (Barker, 2005: \n\n98-103).  The aim of a deconstructional study is to defend or fight for a culture \n\nwhich is marginalized as one of \u201cthe others,\u201d or a culture which is hegemonized. \n\n Critical paradigms position knowledge on active not static construction, \n\nand are not free from values, and the community is historically marked.  Critical \n\nparadigms encourage social but not agitative change.  The direction of change is \n\nleft up to the community.  Critical paradigms regard domination to be structurally \n\ncharacterized. The community is influenced by larger institutions in the field of \n\npolitics, economy, culture, discourse, gender, and race.  The structure is revealed \n\nto provide an understanding of the global roots and the rationale of an incidence \n\nof suppression. Critical paradigms break false awareness, since it is believed that \n\nhuman power, whether indiviual or collective, can change society. Critical para-\n\ndigms understand social structure in order to change their social conditions.", "start_char_idx": 4945, "end_char_idx": 7510, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "baca052e-ab7e-42f4-a35f-05921f48e2d2": {"__data__": {"id_": "baca052e-ab7e-42f4-a35f-05921f48e2d2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "7aed063917b124e1fad09ccfce2763bf3d068624504aef3bb17a4ec49e44c883", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2af5dcf4-361f-4314-aade-af05199c0164", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "ca4ba620759141092f7443e745358bd67c4623626f5de5e023e4bb63e47a50d3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "06782c21-f5a4-47dd-920f-4bd5d17b15a8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e9dec26b25fbcb090a9e50a60431d05fef13f480b604a80587496185ecc74421", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Critical social paradigms believe that man is responsible for his own freedom and \n\nfor preventing the suppression of others. For this reason, revolutionary \n\npragmatism is rejected by another group of elite leaders who act as dictators over \n\nthe proletariat (Agger, 2006:7-10). \n\n The data was analysed using an analytical descriptive technique.  In order \n\nto direct the focus of the analysis, three theories were applied, namely theories of \n\nideology, function, and semiotics.  According to Althusser (2006:X), ideology is a \n\ntool through which ideas can be accepted by society as something normal and \n\nnatural. Ideology questions the symbols used to create, preserve, support, develop, \n\nand maintain asymmetrical power system relations.  Ideology becomes a \u2018social \n\nadhesive\u2019 by binding its members collectively so as to apply certain values and \n\nnorms. An analysis of the forms of ideological symbols means analysing the \n\nforms of the relation used and controlled in a particular social and historical \n\ncontext. This theoritical reformulation avoids the tendency to view ideology \n\nsimply as a power relation in a modern country, but rather views it in other life \n\nrelation systems, such as in daily life. However, it focuses not only on smaal \n\nmatters which ignore the characteristics and limit of broader structures \n\n(Thompson, 2004:17-22).  Ideology is adopted to explain, justify, and legitimize \n\nthe actions and goals of a person (Maliki, 2004:20). \n\n The theory of function introduced by Merton (in Kaplan & Robert A \n\nManners, 2002:79) concerns the difference between manifest function and latent \n\nfunction in a cultural act or element. Manifest function is the objective \n\nconsequences which provide a contribution to the adaptation of a system that is \n\ndesired and known by those who are a part of the system.  On the countrary, latent \n\nfunction is the objective consequences of a culture which are not desired or \n\nknown by members of the community. \n\n  Semiotics is a scientific discipline which investigates all the different \n\nforms of communication that occur using signs and are based on sign systems \n\n(codes).  The key concept of semiotics, the general science of signs, is known as \n\nsemiosis.  Morris (in Seegers, 2000:4-5) defines semiosis as a sign process, that is \n\na process in which something is a sign for a number of organisms.  Umberto Eco \n\n(in Piliang, 2003:44-46) defines semiotics as a discipline which studies everything", "start_char_idx": 7516, "end_char_idx": 9990, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "06782c21-f5a4-47dd-920f-4bd5d17b15a8": {"__data__": {"id_": "06782c21-f5a4-47dd-920f-4bd5d17b15a8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "7aed063917b124e1fad09ccfce2763bf3d068624504aef3bb17a4ec49e44c883", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "baca052e-ab7e-42f4-a35f-05921f48e2d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "a22a332ab1bff68979d63c4f0d7a1b7caffd8bf0e61219fe1fdd6ac2cd86d6d1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a99b8400-456b-4c28-93a7-327b183e38d0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "71f14bb316ef5a833acfd2f28784890c6acd52ebf118169676554115882fd022", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "that can be used to lie.  In Eco\u2019s theory of untruth, the theory of truth is implicit, \n\njust as the day is implicit in the word night. \n \n\nANALYSIS \n\n The research in the ideology of LCS by Dalang Jangga was prompted by \n\na rumour that was going around outside the village which said that Jangga was a \n\nleading figure and a voice for PKI.  This was also the reason for Jangga\u2019s murder \n\nin 1965. Nevertheless, until the end of this research, there was no definite \n\ninformation regarding his active involvement as a PKI leader, since the members \n\nof the Pulu Tengah community refused to verify this rumour. \n\n  Whether or not the rumours are true, there is a strong indication of \n\nprovocative communist ideology presented by Dalang Jangga in LCS:  (1) the \n\npoverty of the peasants, bringing together the proletariat, (2) the low wages of \n\nlabourers, (3) the compotition to win the princess and the crown of Kediri from \n\nthe hands of Cupak, which can be interpreted as a war against the capitalist \n\nbourgeoisie, (4) the belief that the president must originate from the common \n\npeople so as to be able to enforce a true sense of justice and equallity for all, (5) \n\nthe killing of the mythical Garuda bird, which signifies an attempt  to change the \n\nGaruda Pancasila\u2014the symbol and basic principles of the Republic of Indonesia, \n\nand (6) the fact that if its son became  president, Pan Bekung would ready to \n\nbecome a party leader and I Bekeng would be  ready to become a member of local \n\ngoverment (Sedahan).  \n\n These six points included by Dalang Jangga in LCS cannot be used as \n\ngrounds for accusing him of being  a leading figure in PKI, as it could be that he \n\nwas simply intending to deride or make fun of communists.  The Balinese \n\ncommunity considers puppet master to be guru loka, or moderate spiritual \n\nteachers, because their artistic skills and cultural knowledge which are passed on \n\nto the community through shadow puppet performances are not only available to \n\ncertain groups but to the entire community. Anyone can pay for a puppet master \n\nto give a performance of Wayang Cupak for a variety of different needs. \n\n The performance of LCS by Dalang Jangga contains conservative, \n\nprogresive, and pragmatic ideology.  The conservative ideology is evident in the \n\nuse of the elements of Balinese culture to form a unit of expression in the per-", "start_char_idx": 9995, "end_char_idx": 12374, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a99b8400-456b-4c28-93a7-327b183e38d0": {"__data__": {"id_": "a99b8400-456b-4c28-93a7-327b183e38d0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "7aed063917b124e1fad09ccfce2763bf3d068624504aef3bb17a4ec49e44c883", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "06782c21-f5a4-47dd-920f-4bd5d17b15a8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "0dbb3df5a9d93d678f2a5c0725de13021e5b74294d4f1e29e1459a78b15341df", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "df7eba2a-8355-42c6-a010-c504bc4ed9a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5d132a67ffc2886803af0f8fceafe25e393412a863a4bacb7b553c459c82d39b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "formance of Wayang Cupak, as a medium for spreading ideology.  The containts \n\nof the performance are a mixture of the day to day events described in LCS and \n\ncommunist ideology so that the performance can be said to be progressive in \n\nnature.  The actual and contextual content of the performance was the reason for \n\nDalang Jangga\u2019s popularity and meant that he could earn a living from this \n\nprofession. Hence, the pragmatic value of the shadow puppet performance \n\nbecomes clear. \n\n The ideological function of LCS reflects the presense of an educational, \n\nsocial dynamic, ritual, and aesthetical function.  The educational function teaches \n\nthe audience to be honest and to avoid bad deeds, and to strive hard to move \n\nforward and increase the standars and dignity of mankind. \n\n The social dynamic function describes Jangga\u2019s cultural policies that local \n\nculture needs to be understood and preserved in anticipation of the strong \n\ninfluence of outside changes such as the influence of international communist \n\nideology. This ideology opens up and broadens the worldview of the local \n\ncommunity about politics but in practice destroys the social system in Indonesia. \n\n The ritual function of the performance of Wayang Cupak is its use to \n\naccompany Dewa yadnya, Manusa yadnya, or Pitra yadnya ceremonies.  This \n\nfunction can strengthen the religious ideology of the Balinese community. \n\n The aesthetical function of LCS emphasizes aspects of democracy which \n\nin a practical way inspire the class struggle to strive for a better way of life in \n\nsocio-economic, socio-political, and socio-religious areas.  This function increases \n\nthe awareness of the commuity to explore new aesthetical experiences, develop \n\ntheir imagination and passion for life, and to make their lives more meaningful.   \n\n The iedological meaning of LCS contains symbolic, ethical, and \n\naesthetical meanings, and understanding of physioplastic dimensions (all stage \n\nequipment has a symbolic meaning) which are combined with the ideoplastic \n\ndimensions, such as social, political, religious, and economic events which bring \n\nthe story in touch with social reality. \n\n The ethical meaning describes the moral struggle which is reflected in the \n\nactions of the people in the story. Cupak\u2019s acts of sabotaging Raden Galuh Laksmi \n\nand attempting to kill Grantang are clearly immoral, even criminal.  On the other", "start_char_idx": 12378, "end_char_idx": 14788, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "df7eba2a-8355-42c6-a010-c504bc4ed9a1": {"__data__": {"id_": "df7eba2a-8355-42c6-a010-c504bc4ed9a1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "7aed063917b124e1fad09ccfce2763bf3d068624504aef3bb17a4ec49e44c883", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a99b8400-456b-4c28-93a7-327b183e38d0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "9608f132a46f3fa1f43638042994d9a76f8569bdbbcaca939db00dd9135717df", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ad55879b-44fe-415d-854d-8a7eb7d48da0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cf3d74f4a94ba3311f0ed5de4d8ced34c5aa4f6d3d538ddd0167f32a1541f568", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "hand, Grantang\u2019s participation can be justified from a logical point of view since \n\nit is carried out in public.  However, it is moraly unacceptable since Grantang \n\nfights against his own brother with the goal of winning a woman and gaining \n\npower.  Grantang\u2019s actions give the impression of political revenge. \n\n Cupak\u2019s act of freeing the Kingdom of Obagosi by killing Garuda is \n\nregarded as an attempt to change the symbol and basic principles of the Republic \n\nof Indonesia, that is Garuda Pancasila.  Only the context of time leads to such a \n\nclaim. When the time context passes, the accusation disappears.  When Cupak \n\ngoes into a hole in the ground to shelter, it symbolizes his union with nature.  \n\nGaruda, the symbol of a spirit which must be controlled and directed in order to \n\nattain unity with God, is the source of goodness in the world. This is the \n\nimplementation of the concept of a reciprocal relationship between man, nature, \n\nand God (Tri Hita Karana), as a symbol of resistance against modernization, \n\nwhich searches for enlightenment by exploring the power and high technology \n\nwhich cause destruction to nature. \n\n The aesthetical meaning is the quiver of emotion which is aroused by the \n\nenvironment and artistic situation when watching a work of art. From the \n\nperformance may come feelings of love, humour, sadness, angger, fear, disgust, \n\nsurprise, astonishment, awe/respect, and peace, which in the cultural context can \n\nbe defined as the spirit of life to build the continuity of civilization. \n \n\nFINDINGS \n\nThis research resulted in six different findings: (1) Dalang Jangga, who was \n\noriginally an \u2018genuine\u2019 village artist, was influenced by the political community to \n\nexpress the political ideology of the day in his shadow puppet performances. (2) \n\nThe expression of the proletariat in LCS as performance by Jangga portrays a \n\nstruggle for freedom from hegemony. This struggle was the people\u2019s resistance to \n\nthe capitalist bourgeoisie, to gain a sense of justice and \u201cequality for all.\u201d The \n\nstory of the royal kingdoms\u2014of Kediri and Obagosi\u2014is used as a background of \n\ntime and space to show the prominent role of the people.  (3) The poverty, use of \n\na cudgel, suggested that the president originates from the common people, and the \n\nkilling of Garuda are all symbols of resistance against the ruler and the state.  (4) \n\nDalang Jangga transforms the figure of Cupak meditating into Cupak\u2019s journey to", "start_char_idx": 14793, "end_char_idx": 17257, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ad55879b-44fe-415d-854d-8a7eb7d48da0": {"__data__": {"id_": "ad55879b-44fe-415d-854d-8a7eb7d48da0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "7aed063917b124e1fad09ccfce2763bf3d068624504aef3bb17a4ec49e44c883", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "df7eba2a-8355-42c6-a010-c504bc4ed9a1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "5b0b68a130f981d08f6a6e90c5618526915b829e47bc95624629d893dad845bf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "53e86548-30ce-4ce2-9879-af5789a8f335", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d83d2c469662e3c126de6fbc818081065923cc1d1a7d8610c7b14da2d598b78b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "heaven to meet Batara Brahma. Heaven is not associated with death rather \n\nsymbolizes the search for God.  (5) The strength of Tri Hita Karana (the \n\nreciprocal relationship between man, nature, and God) is a rejection of actions in \n\nscience and sophisticated technology which cause destruction to nature.  (6) The \n\naesthetics of Dalang Jangga, which are founded on the democratic expression \n\n\u201cfrom the people for the people,\u201d display the ideology of togetherness of the lower \n\nclass, to increase and strengthen their sense of social solidarity. \n \n\nCLOSING \n\n It is hoped that this dissertation will be of benefit to many artists, \n\nespecially puppet master, and provide information on the traditional methods of \n\ndeveloping the dramatic structure and actuality of a story.  In addition, it is hoped \n\nthat this dissertation will motivate other reseachers to study various kinds of \n\nstories used in shadow puppet theatre which are useful to be passed down to the \n\nyoung generation in Bali, Indonesia, and the rest of the world, so that they can \n\nunderstand the story of Balinese shadow puppet theatre through its various texts \n\nand contexts.  \n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAgger, Ben. 2006. Teori Sosial Kritis: Kritik, Penerapan dan Implikasinya. \nPenerjemah: Nurhadi. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nAudifax.  2007 Semiotika Tuhan: Tafsir atas Pembacaan Manusia terhadap \nTuhan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Pinus. \n\nMaliki, Zainuddin.  2004.  Narasi Agung: Tiga Teori Sosial Hegemonik.  \nSurabaya: Lembaga Pengkajian Agama dan Masyarakat.  \n \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir.  2003.  Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies Atas \nMatinya Makna.  Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nSegers, Rien T.  2000.  Evaluasi Teks Sastra.  Alih Bahasa: Suminto A. Suyuti.  \nYogyakarta: Adicita. \n\nThompson, John B. 2006.  Kritik Ideologi Global: Teori Sosial Kritis tentang \nRelasi Ideologi dan komunikasi Massa.  Diterjemahkan oleh Haqqul \nYaqin.  Yogyakarta: IRGiSoD.   \n\nBarker, Chris.   2005. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Prakktik.  Bandung: Bentang   \n\nSunardi, St. 2006. Nietzsche. Yogyakarta: LkiS. \n\n\n\nWahana, Paulus.  2004.  Nilai Etika Aksiologis Max Scheler.  Yogyakarta: \nKanisius. \n\n \n\n \n\nThe writer would like to thank the Director of Postgraduate Studies at Udayana \nUniversity Denpasar, Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp., S. (K); Vice  Director  \nI Prof. Dr. I Made Budiasa, M.A. , dan Vice Director  II, Dr. Ir. Budi Susrasa, \nM.S.  for their reception, facilities, and all the help and support provided. \n\nThanks are also extended to Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U., and Prof. Dr. I \nNyoman Kutha Ratna, S.U. the Head and Secretary of the Doctorate  Program of \nCulture Studies, for all their endless guidence, direction, attention, and \nmotivation.   \n\nI would also like to take this opportunity to thank my supervisor, Prof. Dr, I Made \nSuastika, S.U., co-supervisor I,  Prof. Dr. I Wayan Dibia, SST, M.A., and co-\nsupervisor II, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Kutha Ratna, S.U., for all the time they \nwillingly gave, and their input, guidance, motivation, and patience in supervising \nthe writing of this dissertation until  its completion.", "start_char_idx": 17262, "end_char_idx": 20372, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "53e86548-30ce-4ce2-9879-af5789a8f335": {"__data__": {"id_": "53e86548-30ce-4ce2-9879-af5789a8f335", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3621", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "3b55f8dc159b788fab19a0dd19160ae2c5ddbdc15dfafa305a528bf2a09135a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ad55879b-44fe-415d-854d-8a7eb7d48da0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3619", "author": "Murtana, I Nyoman; Suastika, I Made; Dibia, I Wayan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF THE STORY CUPAK KE SWARGAN BY PUPPET MASTER I MADE JANGGA: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3619.pdf"}, "hash": "c18337924f4a36a744d4636a9327211637b5598ad5858d300f52600ece2e388f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e6fbdb87-3bc0-4ab9-bc3a-44fb2ce3f6b0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bd6303789d5a78c70bda30823467b9d52b8d6d8770782a9e0aae584f20a8a76d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Listiawati_E-journal\n\n\n 1\n\nEFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN \nRESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, \n\nLOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS \n \n\nNi Putu Listiawati1, Emiliana Mariyah2,  \nI Nyoman Kutha Ratna2, I Gde Semadi Astra2 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nEmail: dhyanawilis@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n The program of the empowerment of the women living in Mataram City implemented in \nthe form of life skills including vocational skill, social skill, and personal skill has been carried \nout since  2001. In reality, the attempts already made could not improve the well-being of the \nwomen in Mataram City in general and the women living along the coastal area of Ampenan, \nSouth Ampenan  District and Banjar  District in particular. Based on the background mentioned \nabove, the researcher was interested in exploring the effectiveness of the program of the \nempowerment provided in the form life skills. Three problems are formulated in this research. \nThey are (1) how effective the implementation of the empowerment program of the women \nresiding at the coastal area of Ampenan District was?; (2) what factors contributed to the \neffectiveness of the empowerment program of the women residing at the coastal area?; (3) what \nwere the effects and meanings of the effectiveness of the empowerment program of the women \nresiding at the coastal area? The theories employed to answer the problems formulated above are \nthe theory of post feminism by Ann Brooks, the theory of social practice by Bourdieu and the \ntheory of power/knowledge by Foucault. The theories were eclectically applied. The qualitative \nmethod was employed in this study and the data needed were collected by the techniques of \nobservation, in-depth interview, Focus Group Discussion (hereon abbreviated to FGD), \ndocumentation and library research. \n The results of the study show that (1) the program of the empowerment of the women \nliving in the coastal area was ineffective; (2)  the factors which contributed to the effectiveness \nof the empowerment of the women living along the coastal area are economic capital, cultural \ncapital, socio culture and symbolic culture; (3) the effects of the effectiveness of the \nempowerment program were on the skills acquired, the income earned, the independence \nacquired, the environment where they live and their pattern of consumerism. The meanings felt \nby one third of the women empowered were the meaning of awareness, the meaning of \nsolidarity, and the meaning of being independent. \n In relation to this research, several things are suggested; (1) it is necessary to continue the \nempowerment program for the women living at the coastal area with the development of \npersonal and social skills as the priority; (2) it is necessary for the government to build a quality \ntechnological, informational and communicative network in the form of educative informational \ncenters at the coastal area; (4) it is time to establish vocational schools, which are accessible to \nthe local people,   starting from the basic level to middle level in which skills how to manage \ncoastal areas and sea would be provided. If it is possible, such schools should be free of charge; \n(5) further research needs to be conducted to understand the characteristics of the women living \nalong the coastal area of Ampenan. \n \nKey words: empowerment, women residing at coastal area, life skills, effectiveness", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3593, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e6fbdb87-3bc0-4ab9-bc3a-44fb2ce3f6b0": {"__data__": {"id_": "e6fbdb87-3bc0-4ab9-bc3a-44fb2ce3f6b0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3621", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "3b55f8dc159b788fab19a0dd19160ae2c5ddbdc15dfafa305a528bf2a09135a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "53e86548-30ce-4ce2-9879-af5789a8f335", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "9c0ea3551cd82caec340e90bbc137d580ad32dbad452fbe6fe2cd83766729ccf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "52aebdd3-2da4-4d94-9226-2ea817a2fbba", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "207f676f5a64845088636cbb7f20c567b1139329dcf48e9f50fee84d13aaec27", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\n\nI. INRODUCTION \n \n The program of empowerment of the women living in Mataram City which is \n\nimplemented in the form vocational skill, social skill and personal skill has been carried out \n\nsince  in 2001. In reality, the attempts made to implement the program has not yet been able to \n\nimprove the well-being of the women living in Mataram City in general and the women living \n\nalong the coastal area of Ampenan,  South Ampenan and Banjar Sub Districts in particular. The \n\ngap between the women coming from the popular class, and those coming from the dominant \n\nclass and bourgeois class is still big.    \n\n Based on the background above, the researcher was interested in exploring the \n\neffectiveness of the program of empowerment of the women living along the coastal area of \n\nAmpenan implemented in the form of life skills. The objective was to reveal the social, cultural \n\nand economic gap mentioned above. It was also intended to reveal why the people coming from \n\nthe dominant class kept reproducing structures which benefited themselves and the bourgeois \n\nclass. In other words, it was intended to reveal why the dominant class kept dominating the \n\npopular class. Three problems are formulated in this research. They are (1) how effective the \n\nimplementation of the empowerment program of the women residing at the coastal area of \n\nAmpenan District was?; (2) what factors contributed to the effectiveness of the empowerment \n\nprogram of the women residing at the coastal area?; (3) what were the effects and meanings of \n\nthe effectiveness of the empowerment program of the women residing at the coastal area? To \n\nanswer the problems mentioned above, the theory of post feminism by Ann Brooks was used. \n\nThe theory of social practice by Bourdieu was used to discuss chapter five, chapter six and \n\nchapter seven, and the theory of power/knowledge by Foucault was used to discuss chapter five \n\nand chapter six. These theories were all enclitically applied. Qualitative method was employed in \n\nthis study. The data needed were collected by applying the techniques of observation, in-depth \n\nobservation, Focus Group Discussion, documentation and library research. The library research \n\nwas done by tracing back some related works such as that written by Anwar (2007). He applied \n\nthe model of empowerment of isolated women who were partly close. Matters related to gender \n\nand educational dimension were analyzed. He stated that the community participation and the \n\ncondition of its socio culture were important when planning a program. Kusnadi (2006) \n\nsharpened the relationship between socio ecology and coastal culture. \n\n The indicators which were used to measure the effectiveness of the program of \n\nempowerment of the women living at Ampenan and Banjar Sub Districts which was \n\nimplemented in the form of life skills were as follows; (1) the effectiveness  with regard to \n\nvocational skill; effectiveness with regard to social skill; (3) the effectiveness with regard to \n\npersonal skill. These measures of effectiveness were adopted before they were adjusted to the", "start_char_idx": 3600, "end_char_idx": 6704, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "52aebdd3-2da4-4d94-9226-2ea817a2fbba": {"__data__": {"id_": "52aebdd3-2da4-4d94-9226-2ea817a2fbba", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3621", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "3b55f8dc159b788fab19a0dd19160ae2c5ddbdc15dfafa305a528bf2a09135a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e6fbdb87-3bc0-4ab9-bc3a-44fb2ce3f6b0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "b520f071e742fc741f1997109d156c7ab51e090e3f23f655b6dcaa7b81661905", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9c9ec0fa-3939-4641-83c3-03b7c400e0bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3fcd6e91e6e1b709c33d23f61a4ecee4e06ee13954e7dbaf83199cc7b7dcbebe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\nsubstance of discussion to identify whether the program was successful or failed. If the \n\npercentage obtained was more than eighty percent, it could be stated that the program was \n\neffective. The percentage ranging from sixty percent to eighty percent was stated to be effective. \n\nAnd the percentage under sixty percent was stated to be ineffective.  \n\n \nII DISCUSSION \n \n Administratively, Ampenan Sub district is rich in natural resources, one of which is the \n\ncoast and the sea. The width of its sea fishery potential is 56.80 square kilometers. The coastal \n\narea of Ampenan is about nine square kilometers long. Its natural resources may potentially \n\nfunction as the economic capital, which can be dug up and utilized for the human well-being. \n\nHowever, the utilization of the natural resources is usually done by paying no attention to the \n\nenvironmental sustainability. This can found in any tourist destination, any residence where the \n\nfishermen live and so forth.  \n\n In the area where the research was conducted, four social organizations were recorded. \n\nThey are banjar kematian (an organization which attends to death), banjar perkawinan (an \n\norganization which attends to marriages), kelompok karang taruna (an organization which \n\nattends to the affairs of the youth), PKK (an organization whose members are the mothers) and \n\nan association of fishermen. There are many informal economic agents along the coastal area, \n\none of which is in the form of a bank named Bank Subuh (a bank which gives loans informally). \n\nActually, the government has prohibited it from operating but it is run secretly. The people \n\ncoming from  the lower class  (Boudieu refers to them as the people coming from the popular \n\nclass) frequently borrows money from this bank for buying their daily needs, for buying things \n\nneeded for any religious  ritual and  for sending their children to school with high interest rate. \n\nThere are also several small business run by women (Perempuan Usaha Kecil, hereon \n\nabbreviated to PUK) named Anggrek, Kenanga, Kamboja, Kube Sinar Laut and so forth which \n\nalso play an important role in supporting the economy in this area. \n\n PUK has always been the target of the training programs carried out at Ampenan Sub \n\nDistrict since 2001. The program of the empowerment of the women living along the coastal \n\narea provided in the form of life skills has been implemented by the government through what is \n\ncalled Bag.Kesra (a division which is concerned with human well-being)  and some related \n\ninstitutions. The supplement programs have been carried out by Dekoperindag (Department of \n\nIndustry and Trade), BKBKS (Family Planning Board), Dinas Pertanian (Department of \n\nAgriculture), and Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan (Department of Fishery and Oceanography). \n\nThe life skills provided include training, supervision and on-the-job training. Every business \n\ngroup is made up of five members. There have been nine participants from South Ampenan and", "start_char_idx": 6710, "end_char_idx": 9711, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9c9ec0fa-3939-4641-83c3-03b7c400e0bc": {"__data__": {"id_": "9c9ec0fa-3939-4641-83c3-03b7c400e0bc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3621", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "3b55f8dc159b788fab19a0dd19160ae2c5ddbdc15dfafa305a528bf2a09135a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "52aebdd3-2da4-4d94-9226-2ea817a2fbba", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "e73b13782d17aee3e11bc2418b1e73f3cbecde73fd074d6c3c268b18e4512e74", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "95e90cb4-2591-4b17-87f1-a59a88db34f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7e095983e88cab38ca761ad37b873acacf094baa255bb4bbc556eb26bc2f876f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nBanjar Sub Districts. The focus of the training has been on how to use the tools needed, how to \n\nrecognize the materials needed, and how to work rapidly and accurately, what to do to innovate, \n\nand on the on-the-job training techniques. Every activity has been followed by submission of \n\nassistance either in the form of either capital or tools.  \n\n The empowerment of the women living along the coastal area has been implemented in \n\nthe form of vocational skill, social skill, and personal skill. The effectiveness of the program \n\nimplemented in the form of vocational skill and the factors which contributed to the \n\neffectiveness can be described as follows. The empowerment in the form of how to process fish \n\nincludes how to produce fish abon (shredded fish which has been boiled and fried) , fish bakso \n\n(fish balls), dried fish, salted fish, and fish chips. Much is produced from this process and \n\nsometimes some is left unsold without being further processed. During the months when it is \n\ndifficult to catch fish, those who run this business have problem in finding the fresh fish. It is \n\ndifficult to keep the economic capital which is in the form of fresh fish sustainable. Therefore, \n\nKusnadi (2006:219) highlights that the socio ecological and cultural condition of the coastal area \n\nis a very important to refer to when compiling a program of empowerment for a particular area. \n\nBourdieu (1990:xviii) states that the concept of a domain refers to a relational network among \n\nthe objective positions of a social order which is separated from an individual\u2019s consciousness \n\nand intention. During the seasons when there is an abundance of fish at Ampenan some skills are \n\nneeded for preserving the fish. The problems are that the people do not have the skill needed for \n\npreserving the fish and their income is too low to be able to meet their minimum physical needs. \n\nThe gender relationship which is imbalanced and the patriarchal culture which is too strong are \n\nreflected in the structured coastal community of Ampenan. They are powerless. The social space \n\nfor the coastal women is related, through time, to a set of space domains in which the coastal \n\nwomen struggle to obtain capital with what they have.  \n\n The limited number of the coastal women impedes the process of obtaining various forms \n\nof capital fairly. The empowerment of the women by providing them with the skill how to \n\nprocess fish has been realized in the form of making fish balls, salted fish, dried fish and fish \n\nchips. In animal husbandry, the program has been implemented in the form of making salted \n\neggs and lung chips.  In plantation, the program has been implemented in the form of making \n\nchips and jack fruit taffy. The selection of who are to attend the training program has been made \n\nso discriminately that the people coming from the popular class do not have objective access to \n\nthe various forms of capital. According to Bourdieu (in Haryatmoko, 2003: 15) the place where \n\nthe struggle for power is made refers to the scope of relationship of strength among the agents \n\nwhich have particular types of capital. In this fashion, they can dominate the place where related \n\nstruggles are made. The local government with its symbolic capital has applied domination of", "start_char_idx": 9717, "end_char_idx": 13018, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "95e90cb4-2591-4b17-87f1-a59a88db34f2": {"__data__": {"id_": "95e90cb4-2591-4b17-87f1-a59a88db34f2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3621", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "3b55f8dc159b788fab19a0dd19160ae2c5ddbdc15dfafa305a528bf2a09135a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9c9ec0fa-3939-4641-83c3-03b7c400e0bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "06e1434724e05eb21efb1172fece8e1885639c26ea7ba80de0b388c89c448995", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4f98c1d0-5e17-42aa-aff6-215ccae31d9d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "47d7ff5c4310efe8753f93656541def328475a840329b38180de1ede0ed1bd44", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\nsymbolic violence by making discriminative selection of those who are to be involved in the \n\nprogram of empowerment. Such a symbolic violence has resulted from the low ownership of \n\ncultural capital of the popular class (the group of the women with a narrow perspective, whose \n\nway of thinking is simple, who are permissive and so forth. In addition, the social capital they \n\nhave does not support. \n\n The effectiveness of the social empowerment focuses on what has been obtained from the \n\nsupervision and training program in family education carried out. Only twenty two percent of the \n\nparticipants show that they have made progress in the ability of collaborating, and in arranging \n\nincome in the perspective gender. Therefore, it can be stated that the social empowerment has \n\nbeen ineffective. The supervision and training carried out are related to the training how to \n\ncommunicate verbally in the perspective of gender, how to collaborate, how to arrange income in \n\nthe perspective of gender which can be used as the strategy of social interaction. A strategy is \n\nclosely related to capital (economic capital, social capital and symbolic capital) as a social \n\nrelationship, that is, a strategy which is only in existence and productive in the arena where \n\nstruggle is made to produce and reproduce (Bourdieu, 1979: 127). As can be seen from the \n\nphenomenon taking place at Ampenan, in any social activity a discrimination may take place, in \n\nwhich the poor people are  never involved in any meeting and decision making held in the \n\nenvironment where they live. The classical reason is that they will not be able to give \n\ncontribution in the form of thought as they are considered less educated (they are assumed to \n\nhave very low cultural capital); therefore, they are symbolically dominated. \n\n The skill of how to develop entrepreneurship has been provided as the form of \n\nempowerment of personal skill. The women have been trained how to get involved in any \n\norganization such as in the association of the female entrepreneurs of Mataram City. This \n\nassociation has been established to help its members to market what they have produced and to \n\nsolve matters related to capital. However, only a few women coming from South Ampenan and \n\nBanjar Sub Districts have been involved in the organization. Only three out of nine women have \n\nbeen involved, meaning that only thirty percent has been involved. Therefore, it can be stated \n\nthat in this case the program of empowerment has been less effective. The reason is that only \n\nthirty percent has been involved. Being less than sixty percent is categorized as being ineffective.  \n\n The factors which have contributed to the effectiveness of the program of empowerment \n\nare natural resources (termed as economic capital by Bourdieu), human resources in the form of \n\nskills (cultural capital), capital (economic capital), cultural factors such as cultural capital and \n\nsymbolic capital, the factor of the government\u2019s awareness (social capital, symbolic capital), \n\ntechnological factor (economic factor), and informational and communicative factors (socio \n\ncapital). The sea natural resources at the coastal area of Ampenan are typical (fish, seaweed, sea", "start_char_idx": 13024, "end_char_idx": 16267, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4f98c1d0-5e17-42aa-aff6-215ccae31d9d": {"__data__": {"id_": "4f98c1d0-5e17-42aa-aff6-215ccae31d9d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3621", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "3b55f8dc159b788fab19a0dd19160ae2c5ddbdc15dfafa305a528bf2a09135a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "95e90cb4-2591-4b17-87f1-a59a88db34f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "e86e3a97cc2bc3c4e871212c962ff3ecda616cccca6dbae85cc64d154a38fbfc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "85a985ec-b78d-4823-8491-17710c04072d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3b73ed557f31fb69930ccdbff91689c899c891b572254f8a064c5a41f970330f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\ncorals, sea shells); land natural resources include agricultural products, plantation products such \n\nas coconut, jackfruit, belinjo (Gnetum gnemon); livestock includes ducks, goats, cows and \n\nbuffalos). All the natural resources mentioned above are classified as biological natural resources \n\n(http:// id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Management of Human Resources). The production factors \n\nneeded are still simple and have not been supported by adequate skills. In addition, technology \n\nhas not been appropriately applied to all micro businesses. Apart from that, information and \n\ncommunication, as social capital, have been less developed. These factors also contribute to the \n\neffectiveness of the program of empowerment implemented at the coastal area. \n\n Social phenomena are related to each other; therefore, if one changes, the others will \n\nchange as well. The effects will be seen on the skills, the income, the environment, on the \n\nconsumerism and so forth. Out of the nine women involved in the program, six have not \n\nobtained anything from the skills trained. This means that they have not been able to be \n\nentrepreneurs as they do not have the work ethic, the motivation, the innovation and the \n\npersistence in developing their businesses. This affects their income, their being independent and \n\ntheir consumerism. The meaning of awareness shown is that only a few women living at the \n\ncoastal are of South and Banjar Sub Districts are involved in the program of empowerment in the \n\nform of life skills. Only a few recognize that having productive resources is important. Only a \n\nfew make attempts to increase their family income. Most of them depend on their husbands as \n\nthe income generators. The meaning of solidarity which is felt is that there has been solidarity \n\namong the women through the support given by the organizational network of PUK, their \n\nhusbands and children. The meaning of solidarity and the meaning of being independent have \n\nonly been felt by three (thirty percent) out of the nine women living at the coastal area of \n\nAmpenan who are involved in the program of empowerment in the form of life skills. The \n\nmeaning of being independent has been obtained after they feel they are meaningful to their \n\nfamilies. When their final products are ordered by many costumers, their income increases and \n\nthis is meaningful to the community surrounding them. \n\n \n\nIII FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH \n The findings of the research are as follows: \n\n(1) The program of empowerment of the women living along the coastal area of Ampenan \n\nhas not been felt by all the women coming from the popular group (their perspective is \n\nnarrow, they are permissive and the social capital they have does not support). \n\n(2) The capital owners (the creditors), having controlled the capital resources, have \n\ndominated the women living at the coastal area and have been responsible for the \n\nineffectiveness of the program.", "start_char_idx": 16273, "end_char_idx": 19219, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "85a985ec-b78d-4823-8491-17710c04072d": {"__data__": {"id_": "85a985ec-b78d-4823-8491-17710c04072d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3621", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "3b55f8dc159b788fab19a0dd19160ae2c5ddbdc15dfafa305a528bf2a09135a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4f98c1d0-5e17-42aa-aff6-215ccae31d9d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "7ed91a7a549341fdb13c3715bd4cc5bac8850bcf671a833adc34e2414e891f56", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3dabfba6-ad9b-49b9-bedf-3b86045c922b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e88c1b26155282963455d09ffa85ce42db0cf3d93e933f94e2980ae59eb3891b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\n\n(3) The skill how to manage micro businesses obtained by the three women out of the nine \n\nhas given them power to organize themselves. The knowledge they have obtained has \n\nmade them obey the rules. This has made the program effective to the three women \n\nconcerned. \n\n \n\nIV CONCLUSIONS \n\n The conclusions which can be withdrawn from the above analysis are as follows: \n\n(1) As far as the vocational skill provided in the program of empowerment is concerned, only \n\nthirty three percent has been effective; as far as the social skill is concerned, twenty two \n\npercent has been effective; as far as the personal skill provided is concerned, only forty \n\nfive percent has been effective, and as far as the morality of entrepreneurship implanted \n\nis concerned, only thirty three percent has been effective. In general, the program of \n\nempowerment of the women living along the coastal area has been ineffective. \n\n(2) The factors which have contributed to the effectiveness of the program of empowerment \n\nof the women living along the coastal area are natural resources (economic capital), \n\nhuman resources with their skills (cultural capital), capital resources (economic capital), \n\ncultural factors (cultural capital, symbolic capital), the government\u2019s awareness (social \n\ncapital), technological factors (economic factors), and informational and communicative \n\nfactors (social factors). These factors have strongly contributed to the effectiveness of the \n\nprogram of empowerment of the women living along the coastal area of Ampenan. \n\n(3) The effectiveness of the empowerment has the effects on (a) skills; there have been nine \n\nwomen who have been trained to master vocational skill, personal skill and socio skill. \n\nAfter being empowered, four of them have been able to apply the personal skill well; (b) \n\nincome; only one third of them have shown that they have been able to increase their \n\nincome. Their income has increased four or five times more than before they joined the \n\nprogram; (c) independence; there have been three business groups established, they have \n\nall been independent and have applied the principles of entrepreneurship which are \n\nsocially fair; (d) environment; the business of producing dried fish has been in existence \n\nhere and there and this has been responsible for the land, water and air pollutions. The \n\nreason is that the waste produced has not been well processed; (e) consumerism; the \n\nhigher income has made them imitate the way of life of the dominant class to show that \n\nthey have belonged to a particular social class. The meanings which have been felt are (a) \n\nthe meaning of awareness, one third of the women living along the coastal area of South \n\nAmpenan and Banjar Sub Districts have felt that it is important for them to have \n\nproductive sources of income; (b) the meaning of solidarity; this meaning has only been", "start_char_idx": 19225, "end_char_idx": 22114, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3dabfba6-ad9b-49b9-bedf-3b86045c922b": {"__data__": {"id_": "3dabfba6-ad9b-49b9-bedf-3b86045c922b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3621", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "3b55f8dc159b788fab19a0dd19160ae2c5ddbdc15dfafa305a528bf2a09135a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "85a985ec-b78d-4823-8491-17710c04072d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "017f4f3f8049a6aa8609836d22674c2e97507e3c16a66914ed5af8e182582497", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "eb06f288-447e-4fcc-8b48-a380261e2ee5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2a554d8bb48e14a0c8028ff6f15a10242d0da730ca304a5b63491659f471e4c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8\n\nfelt by one third of the women living at coastal area who have been empowered. There \n\nhas been solidarity among them, supported by their organization and families; (c) the \n\nmeaning of being independent; only a few of them have felt that their income has \n\nincreased after their total sales have increased. They have been able to support what is \n\nneeded by their families and they have been able to send their children to school.    \n\n \n\nV. BIBLIOGRAPHY \nAnwar.2007. Manajemen Pemberdayaan Perempuan. Perubahan Sosial melalui Pembelajaran \n\nVocasional Skill pada Keluarga Nelayan. Disertasi PPs Universitas Pendidikan \nIndonesia. Bandung: ALFABETA. \n\nKusnadi. 2006. Peran Publik Istri Nelayan Madura dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Sosial Ekonomi \nRumah Tangga di Kabupaten Sumenep. Telah dipublikasikan dalam buku berjudul: \nPerempuan Pesisir. Yogyakarta: LkiS. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge Prancis: \nUniversity Press. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1989. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Harvad University Press. \nBourdieu, Pierre. 1990. (Habitus X Modal) + Ranah = Praktek : Pengantar Paling \n\nKomprehensif kepada Pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Bandung : Jalasutra. Sumber \nterjemahan An Introduction to the work of Pierre Bourdieu: The Practice Theory. Editor \nRichard Harker.1990. The Macmillan Press Ltd:London. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1990a. The Logic of Practice. Translate by Richard Nice, California: Stanford \nUniversity Press. \n\n \nVI. ACKNOWLEGEMENTS  \n \n In this opportunity, the writer would like to thank (1) the Rector of Udayana University, \nProf. Dr. dr. I Made Bakta, Sp.PD (KHOM); (2) the Director of Postgraduate Program of \nUdayana University, :Prof. Dr.dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi,Sp. S (K); (3) Prof. Dr.Made Budiarsa, \nMA., as Vice Director I; (4) Dr I Ketut Budisusrusa, S. Msc.; as Vice Director II of the \nPostgraduate Program of Udayana University; (5) Head and Secretary of the Doctorate Program \nof Cultural Studies of Udayana University, :Prof. Dr. I Made  Suwastika, S.U., and his staff who \nhave provided the researcher with the facilities needed; (6) Prof. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, M.S., as \nthe Promoter for her full attention, patience, motivation, guidance, and suggestions in the process \nof completing this dissertation, while being busy with her responsibilities as Head of the Master \nProgram of Cultural Studies of the Postgraduate Program of Udayana University; (7) Prof. Dr. I \nNyoman Kutha Ratna,M.S., as Co-promoter I and Prof. Dr. I Gde Semadi  \nAstra, as Co-pormoter II for their patience and carefulness when supervising the researcher when \ncompleting this dissertation; (8) Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., Prof. Dr. Ir. Sulistiyawati, \nM.S., Prof. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A., and Prof. Dr. I Nengah Duija, M.Sci for their \ncorrections, suggestions and input for the completion of this dissertation; (9) the informants in \nparticular.", "start_char_idx": 22120, "end_char_idx": 25032, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "eb06f288-447e-4fcc-8b48-a380261e2ee5": {"__data__": {"id_": "eb06f288-447e-4fcc-8b48-a380261e2ee5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3624", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "72451af3ad4b5f94cbd74a274e137ce6c6505ddc2556fae6e50b3d99a3dbc52e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3dabfba6-ad9b-49b9-bedf-3b86045c922b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3621", "author": "Listiawati, Ni Putu; Mariyah, Emiliana; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Semadi Astra, I Gde", "title": " EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM OF EMPOWERMENT OF THE WOMEN RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY, LOMBOK IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF LIFE SKILLS", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3621.pdf"}, "hash": "51b4f4e08d4be80ca6c40d48e34b035ea79c4abab8d058101a4163f0a59a666a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a34cfa14-0c57-4d68-8e3e-17149450c30e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c724702e6853d8617b970375c7d820bcd4a4f7380dc4fa5f39f7917bcc02a553", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-Journal Yuliawan\n\n\n \nRELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD \n\nTAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE \nSOUTH BANTEN  \n\n \nYuliawan Kasmahidayat1, I Wayan Dibia2, \nA. Chaedar Alwasilah, I Made Suastika3 \n\n \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Performing Arts Faculty, Indonesian Arts Institute, Denpasar \n\n3Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nE-mail: kasmahidayatyuliawan@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Religious transformation of Seni Dodod taking place at Mekar Wangi Village, Saketi \nDistrict, Pandeglang Regency, South Banten, Banten Province enriches the analysis of the \ncommunity cultural pattern based on the art characteristics born and developing in the \ncommunity. In relation to that, this study describes the cultural phenomenon of religious \ntransformation as the ideological basis of the pre-modern, modern and postmodern communities. \nMultidisciplinary qualitative method was employed in this study and the data needed were \ncollected by in-depth interview, participatory observation and documentation techniques. The \nfindings show that the Seni Dodod has the belief or the religion adhered to by the people living at \nMekar Wangi Village as its religious background. Such a belief affects the relation pattern \nbetween the individuals and their community, nature and God.  This is used as the reference in \nwhat is done in the agricultural process, making Seni Dodod   a cult and realizatrion. When the \ncultural transformation process was taking place, it was found that there was a point of contact \nbetween traditional arts and modern arts outside the domain of Seni Dodod . Nowadays new \ncompositions of Seni Dodod have been created functioning as instruments of wedding and \nkhitanan rituals (khitanan = a feast celebrating a circumcision). The process of acculturation was \nformally performed at school by using its compositions as the learning material of art and \nculture. Its  application  in its original form and composition was informally inherited through \nSeni Dodod studios, the youth and villagers. Its religious meaningfulness was reflected from the \ncountry life performed by the people living at Mekar Wangi village. Such meaningfulness was \nbased on that given by the leaders of pondok pesantren (Muslem boarding school) and on the \nexplanation clarifying, showing, separating and elaborating seven clauses of Al-Qur\u2019an. The \nmeaningfulness provided resulted in intactness of movements, the costumes worn, the poem of \nlutung kasarung , the magic formula or the prayers used. In addition, it was also referred to as \nMuslim art and culture. It seems that nowadays a shift has taken place as far as its function is \nconcerned. It used to be employed as a means of agricultural ritual but now it has been an \nimportant part of wedding and khitanan rituals; however, it has not been employed as a secular \nart. \n \nKeywords: Transformation, religious, Seni Dodod", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2969, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a34cfa14-0c57-4d68-8e3e-17149450c30e": {"__data__": {"id_": "a34cfa14-0c57-4d68-8e3e-17149450c30e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3624", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "72451af3ad4b5f94cbd74a274e137ce6c6505ddc2556fae6e50b3d99a3dbc52e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "eb06f288-447e-4fcc-8b48-a380261e2ee5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "dd73ccc421945483b25561f40ea78c2f2794a51002a7f9185a0d7736db8f4e1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "babe47ee-c98c-4443-8db9-64a7c757ee62", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7b17d838139414bcaf25de769d5f6896fa770f72eafcdd8ad615ffde70252f65", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Background \n\n The realization of the relationship between tradition and religion determined by the \n\nintensity of the concepts of art works and religiosity has caused the religious transformation of \n\nSeni Dodod to take place. Such concepts refer to those included in the teaching of Sunda \n\nWiwitan . It is a teaching which was adhered to by the pre-modern community. Based on the data \n\nobtained from the previous researches, it has been found out that in the last fifteen years cultural \n\npatterns of activities or daily behavior of the local community have changed and so have the art \n\nactivities. In relation to that it is interesting to analyze deeply the discourse of religious \n\ntransformation contained in a ritual art, based on the discourse of the shift and changes taking \n\nplace in the pre-modern, modern and postmodern communities.  \n\n This study discusses the religious transformational process, inheritance as an attempt \n\nmade to preserve culture, and the religious meaningfulness of Moslem art taking place on Seni \n\nDodod performed at Mekar Wangi village, South Banten. This study aims at describing to what \n\nextent the religious transformation on Seni Dodod has taken place in the pre-modern, modern \n\nand postmodern communities. The significance of this study is not only to give ideas and views \n\non the transformation taking place on Seni Dodod, in which religiousity becomes the binding \n\ncharacteristic, but more importantly to give beneficial contribution to the development of \n\nscience, especially cultural studies and arts. \n\n \n\nDiscussion   \n\n The theory of semiotics, the theory of hermeneutics, the theory of deconstruction, the \n\ntheory of religious transformation and the theory of power and knowledge are employed for \n\nanalysis.  The research findings show that a shift and change has taken place as far as the \n\nreligiousity and ideology of Seni Dodod is concerned, from the ideology referring to Dewi Padi \n\n(Dewi Sri/Nyi Sri Pohaci) to the ideology based on the Moslem values.  The development of era, \n\nwhich contributes to the strong thinking pattern of the community, as a Moslem one, has been \n\nresponsible for such a shift and change.   \n\n The cultural pattern adhered to by the community members living in South Banten is \n\ngenerally the same as that adhered to by the Sundanese community, that is, the cultural pattern \n\ncategorized as pattern three (pola tiga). The system of their belief is monistic-naturalistic in \n\nnature. What is meant is that human beings are only familiar with the God\u2019s manifestation in the", "start_char_idx": 2974, "end_char_idx": 5538, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "babe47ee-c98c-4443-8db9-64a7c757ee62": {"__data__": {"id_": "babe47ee-c98c-4443-8db9-64a7c757ee62", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3624", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "72451af3ad4b5f94cbd74a274e137ce6c6505ddc2556fae6e50b3d99a3dbc52e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a34cfa14-0c57-4d68-8e3e-17149450c30e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "4b515ef7bee3780ffaaf32fc813473aa7240d243b7b3e16a689505c69f9cddbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4401655e-ff83-4ce8-9346-838d40dc241e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d29e007b190e0b70e649acebc60f38e1078dda3340e38fae64833e53ba67dfb6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "form of the nature. The mythologies expressed by the poem of Lutung Kasarung in Seni Dodod \n\nare considered sacred by the community members living at Mekar Wangi village. They talk \n\nabout the existence of the three worlds such as the Upper World, the Middle World and the \n\nLower World. The upper world refers to the sky world, the middle world refers to the human \n\nworld and the lower world refers to the world under the earth (the sea). The three worlds are real \n\nto human beings and are known as tilu sapamula (there have been three). \n\n What is categorized as pattern three above is used as the model or the cultural pattern of \n\nthe community members living at Mekar Wangi village known as Tripartit makrokosmos. Such a \n\nmodel or cultural pattern is also applied by the farming communities all over Indonesia. The \n\nupper world is the sky which is opposed to the earth; the wet sky (the rain, the female) and the \n\ndry earth (the hilly land, the male). The middle world refers to the human beings with their \n\nvarious farming activities producing various plants which can be used as food resources for \n\nmaintaining life in the world. The middle world (known as Buana Panca Tengah) refers to the \n\nworld where the female and the male get united, that is, where the sky and the earth meet (where \n\nbeing wet and being dry meet; where the rain and the land meet). This means that the two \n\ntranscendent worlds (the sky and the earth) get united in the immanent world of human beings. \n\nThe middle world is paradoxical with the male as well as the female. The lower world refers to \n\nthe earth (including the sky), that is, the nature where human beings are buried when they are \n\ndead. \n\n The rituals conducted when the people living at Mekar Wangi village, South Banten, \n\nplant and harvest their rice reflect the cultural pattern three, that is, the early, middle and last \n\njourneys of human life in the world. The early stage refers to the existence of the early life of \n\nhuman beings in the earth, that is, the birth process. The central stage refers to the existence of \n\nhuman beings when they undertake their lives, and the last stage refers to the existence of human \n\nbeings when they die. The ideology on which how the rituals are performed when the people \n\nliving at Mekar Wangin village plant and harvest their rice is based is described as follows. \n\n The process of cultural contact undergone by Seni Dodod in this modern era has led to \n\nideological contact which has basically responsible for the process of change in form and \n\nfunction of Seni Dodod nowadays.  The process of contact has also resulted from the sustainable \n\ninteractive process between its performers and their socio cultural environment. It has been \n\nobserved that an intense shift has taken place in regard to its religious content. The extent to", "start_char_idx": 5543, "end_char_idx": 8387, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4401655e-ff83-4ce8-9346-838d40dc241e": {"__data__": {"id_": "4401655e-ff83-4ce8-9346-838d40dc241e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3624", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "72451af3ad4b5f94cbd74a274e137ce6c6505ddc2556fae6e50b3d99a3dbc52e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "babe47ee-c98c-4443-8db9-64a7c757ee62", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "73dc8813ae5fe487b2548e83d30f464ea1bb13836986808b149cf5c18056f7f6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a5ce5809-9a0e-49e5-9f6b-5f0665c5f20a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ecdaea9b88c2c9164d67712fbe44dba3c7f62a85f5813f49b96956e98f85bd3f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "which the contact has taken place has not been deeply reflected but has also been made easier by \n\nthe extent to which the adjustment of cultural pattern has taken place between the supporting \n\nindividuals of Seni Dodod and the individual cultural pattern beyond their area collectively \n\nagreed. However, this means that every detail of the cultural contact taking place can be \n\nobserved in order to observe the process of transformation taking place. This does not mean that \n\nall aspects of the contact can be understood through the other forms of Seni Dodod. By observing \n\nseveral aspects of change taking place and the data obtained at the location where the research \n\nwas conducted, the researcher predicts that the contact had taken place for 15 (fifteen) years, that \n\nis, from 1994 to 2009. \n\n In this modern era, several groups of the community members are still identified to \n\nperform rasulan ritual. The activities performed at tetanen and ngalaksa rituals are also \n\nperformed when the rasulan ritual is performed. However, the length of time during which it is \n\nperformed nowadays is relatively shorter than when it was performed in the past. Changes have \n\nalso taken place in regard to role, function, form and structure of how it is presented and in \n\nregard to the meaning it contains. \n\n The shift in thinking pattern of the modern community has led to the creation of the new \n\ncompositions of Seni Dodod which can be observed from the aspects of movement, the make-up, \n\nthe costumes worn, the form of the floor pattern, and even the property and the instruments used \n\nin the intactness of its presentation. However, the sequence of the music accompanying it, that is, \n\nangklung Dodod, tends to follow its original pattern. Several works which are related to Seni \n\nDodod are (1) Garapan (Production) Kohkol Dodod (2007), which is in the form of a musical \n\nattraction played by 20 adult musicians; (2) Collaboration of original Dodod and children (2008), \n\nwhich is in the form of performing attraction and music played by 15 supporting adults, and 12 \n\nsupporting children; (3) SKDA (Senam Kesenian Dodod Angklung, 2009), which is a \n\ndevelopment of performing movements of Seni Dodod which is collaborated with health \n\ngymnastic movement. It is played by primary school and junior high school students. \n\n Nowadays the people living in South Banten are known to faithfully adhere to Islam. \n\nThey will do their best to always reform their environment in such a way that they are in line \n\nwith the taudid (oneness of God) teaching implanted in the religion they adhere to. Therefore, \n\nthe meaningfulness of the process of religious transformation of Seni Dodod has been made to go", "start_char_idx": 8392, "end_char_idx": 11106, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a5ce5809-9a0e-49e5-9f6b-5f0665c5f20a": {"__data__": {"id_": "a5ce5809-9a0e-49e5-9f6b-5f0665c5f20a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3624", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "72451af3ad4b5f94cbd74a274e137ce6c6505ddc2556fae6e50b3d99a3dbc52e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4401655e-ff83-4ce8-9346-838d40dc241e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "63423c303d97f8a2f4e0eff11d96ff2ac5409429bc35eec263571212a4cf00ac", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0e61023e-bf27-4ca9-8e45-cf972daf832b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0384c27b458f2c2a2e3ff5ab68f0db72060bef94bf6ec0e6629f18c89bdd0ac2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "to such a proper direction that it is in harmony with the principles, values and conceptions of \n\nIslam. \n\n From the results of the research, it has been found out that the meaningfulness based on \n\nthe principles, values and conceptions of Islam can be observed in regard to (1) the intactness of \n\nmovements; (2) the costumes worn; (3) the meaning of the poem Lutung Kasarung; (4) the \n\nmeaning of the magic formula or prayers; and (5) the fact that Seni Dodod is considered Moslem \n\nculture and art. The meaningfulness of the religious content of Seni Dodod as the art and  culture \n\nIslam,  emphasizes, as far as its vision and mission to strengthen strong personality in \n\nmaintaining Moslem teachings is concerned, that its existence needs to be appreciated and \n\nmaintained. In addition, if the religious transformation of Seni Dodod is employed as the means \n\nof berdakwah (missionizing) and maintaining good pre-modern culture, it will certainly be useful \n\nto both individuals and groups of the people living at Mekar Wangi village. The creativity of the \n\npeople living at Mekar Sari village in repackaging Seni Dodod nowadays is appreciated in \n\naccordance with the degree of its values and usefulness. As far as the context of Moslem art and \n\nculture is concerned, whatever the form and name of a creation is cannot be considered to \n\ncontrast with the religious teachings.  \n\n \n\nConclusions  \n\n Seni Dodod is the only traditional cultural heritage which has been in existence and \n\ndeveloping up to now at Mekar Wangi village, Saketi District, Pandeglang Regency, South \n\nBanten, Banten Province. It was predicted that it was born in the sixteenth century, when it \n\nserved as a means of agricultural ritual. It is performed in three ritual stages such as tetanen, \n\nngalaksa and rasulan. The tetanen ritual is a ritual performed by the people living in the country \n\nwhen they plant rice. The ngalaksa ritual is a ritual performed when the rice bears young fruit. \n\nThe rasulan ritual is performed when the rice is harvested and when it is stored in what is called \n\nleuit (the rice barn). \n\n In this modern era ideological and religious shift has taken place as far as Seni Dodod is \n\nconcerned, from being performed for the Goddess of Rice to being performed when wedding and \n\nkhitanan (feast celebrating a circumcision) are conducted. Such a cult refers to a belief \n\ninfluenced by the culture of the ancestors of the people living at Mekar Wangi village, which is \n\nknown as Sunda Wiwitan tradition. The ideology on which Seni Dodod is based nowadays has", "start_char_idx": 11111, "end_char_idx": 13686, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0e61023e-bf27-4ca9-8e45-cf972daf832b": {"__data__": {"id_": "0e61023e-bf27-4ca9-8e45-cf972daf832b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3624", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "72451af3ad4b5f94cbd74a274e137ce6c6505ddc2556fae6e50b3d99a3dbc52e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a5ce5809-9a0e-49e5-9f6b-5f0665c5f20a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "e5858731688df1c76f3d0b4dd3fb9518b5b5b32689f83a841e2528b288ad11b7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "796176a4-6c4c-4efc-8ca2-76935090fa08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b1c36ddc2d29a4ef0d50410c1a46eec23faf794f22b83d89145616725d85f2b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "been much influenced by the belief in Islam. All the behaviors performed inn it are based on the \n\nconsideration whether what is done is in accordance with the religion they adhere to, that is, \n\nIslam or not. \n\n The process of cultivation, as an attempt made to inherit Seni Dodod, has formally and \n\ninformally taken place. The informal inheritance has been undertaken from generation to \n\ngeneration, based on family relationship or genetic factors. In other words, the dancers and \n\nmusicians are genetically related. The informal inheritance has been carried out by participating \n\nin performance and imitating. The formal inheritance has been done through formal schools such \n\nas primary school, junior high school and senior high school. It has been used as the learning \n\nmaterial of art and culture which is expressed as one of the terms that culture is recognized as \n\nsomething which should be systematically inherited and expressed. This means that the ideas, \n\nbehaviors and instruments created by the ancestors or predecessors of the people living at Mekar \n\nWangi village should be systematically inherited to the next generation. \n\n The religious meaningfulness of Seni Dodod in the pre-modern community was based on \n\nthe depth of the meaning contained in its performance and was always related to Islam. The  \n\nmeaningfulness has been focused on the intactness of its movements , the costumes worn, the \n\nmeaning of the poem Lutung Kasarung, the meaning of the magic formula or prayers and its \n\nexistence as the culture and art of Moslem. Nowadays its new compositions will be in existence \n\nfor a period of time as an art which strongly contains the religious teachings and ideology \n\nadhered to by the people living at Mekar Wangi village, South Banten.", "start_char_idx": 13691, "end_char_idx": 15466, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "796176a4-6c4c-4efc-8ca2-76935090fa08": {"__data__": {"id_": "796176a4-6c4c-4efc-8ca2-76935090fa08", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3626", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "62bec1e973d7a377c573342233f3523ef1a750d5eeea2369c714fabc5bb45c9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0e61023e-bf27-4ca9-8e45-cf972daf832b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3624", "author": "Kasmahidayat, Yuliawan; Dibia, I Wayan; Alwasilah, A. Chaedar; Suastika, I Made", "title": " RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF SENI DODOD TAKING PLACE AT MEKAR WANGI VILLAGE SOUTH BANTEN", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3624.pdf"}, "hash": "ee0431ad981a1174cbf2f7cc8fcce6331a6f5f9679b16aa1b160408b7d145000", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0a2aab95-0bb3-45bf-bd15-8c149c7725df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9dd8c1708dde996d26e7e1b017630786121b33733119b1558a28ff9622d5ca0e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-Journal Wana Pariartha\n\n\n1 \n \n\n   MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS \nIN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY:  \n\nIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES  \n \n \n \n\nI Wayan Wana Pariartha1, I Made Suastika2, \nEmiliana Mariyah2, I Ketut Sudibia3 \n\n \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\n3Faculty of Economics, Udayana University \n \n \n \n\nAbstract \n \n Sidewalk traders, as informal economic sector, have been in existence in almost all \nthe cities in Indonesia. As an impact of migration of people, they have been recognized as a \nstructural phenomenon which will always exist. They will always exist in Denpasar City. In \nWest Denpasar Sub District, as part of Denpasar City, their existence has been assumed not \nonly to cause the city to look disorganized but it has also been assumed to create discomfort \nand to disturb public order. However, as Indonesian citizens, they have the right to have \noccupation and live properly as stated in Article 27 of the 1945 Constitution. The \nempowerment management of the sidewalk traders in West Denpasar Sub District refers to \nthe Local Rules and Regulations (Perda) of number 3 of Year 2000. However, the fact in \nthe field shows that what has been expected has not been properly coming true yet.  \n Based on this fact, a research was conducted with the problems formulated as \nfollows: 1) how the government managed the empowerment of the sidewalk traders; 2) \nwhat responses were given by the community to the model of such a management of \nempowerment; 3) and what were its effects and meanings. As a consequence, this research \naims at 1) identifying the management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders; 2) \nidentifying the responses given by the community to the model of such a management of \nempowerment; 3) identifying its effects and meanings. From the aspect of methodology, \nthis research is classified as a qualitative one. The theory of deconstruction, the theory of \nhegemony, the theory of response, the theory of motivation and achievement were \nemployed for exploring the problems formulated above. The techniques employed for \ncollecting the data needed were the technique of observation, the technique of interview,  \nthe technique of observation and focus discussion group.  \n The findings show that the Local Rules and Regulations (Perda) of Number 3 of \n2000, which is derived from the Local Rules and Regulations (Perda) of Number 15 of \nYear 1993, which is used as the reference of how such a management of empowerment is \nconducted, does not accommodate the problems related to the sidewalk traders. In fact, it \nhas been implemented by the government in the following three ways; (1) through the sub \ndistrict governmental agencies; (2) through direct supervision of the municipal, sub district, \nadministrative village and neighborhood governmental agencies; (3) through traditional \nvillages (desa pekraman/adat).  \n The responses given by the community varied. The responses given by the \ncommunity of consumers were negative resulting from lack of socialization. The responses \ngiven by the sidewalk traders were negative as well. However, socially, economically and \n\n\n\npolitically, the empowerment management of the sidewalk traders gave positive and \nnegative impacts. And the meanings given by such a management of empowerment were \nrelated to solidarity, well being and psychology. Based on the findings of the research, a \nmodel of management of empowerment through the cooperation among the government, \nprivate parties and the sidewalk traders was recommended. \n \nKeywords: Sidewalk traders, Model of empowerment, Informal sector, Management", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3752, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0a2aab95-0bb3-45bf-bd15-8c149c7725df": {"__data__": {"id_": "0a2aab95-0bb3-45bf-bd15-8c149c7725df", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3626", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "62bec1e973d7a377c573342233f3523ef1a750d5eeea2369c714fabc5bb45c9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "796176a4-6c4c-4efc-8ca2-76935090fa08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "7abdf267b115c13ec68f112ce04f0ce0b209a8c4d7f5dfbce7a5caac76e17ec3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a87575fa-9ac9-4ff6-8d17-ee2fae842a47", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2ebbb58fa31c032390c3094edbaa054b7ef230fa2f6406b089348c82af4b4097", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "1. Introduction  \n Economically, politically and socio culturally, the development in every sector of \n\nlife conducted by the government has resulted in many changes.  However, the changes \n\nresulting from such a development may lead to progress as well as decline. The decline, in \n\nthis case, can be illustrated by the economic recession, crisis and the uncontrollable rate of \n\ninflation both nationally and regionally. The economic changes may change the pattern of \n\nlife of the community both in rural and urban areas. The progress achieved in urban areas \n\nresulting from both the industrial development and educational improvement has made the \n\ncities interesting. This has inspired people to migrate from the rural areas where they live to \n\nurban areas which may belong to different regencies and provinces. In addition, the regional \n\ndevelopment in economy, transportation, and communication has also contributed to the \n\nvolume and direction of the migration (Pariartha, 1982: 2). \n\n The sidewalk traders are basically the migrants coming from rural areas with low \n\nexpertise and education, making them not have the access to the formal sectors of life. They \n\nusually run their businesses with small capital. Therefore, they can be classified as the \n\npeople with low income. They usually live in slum areas or in the suburbs, where it is \n\npossible for them to find cheap boarding houses. They live in very small and simple houses \n\nwhere they can \u201chave break and sleep\u201d. Their low income has also motivated them to \n\nminimize their expenditures, just for food and clothing. The attempt made to renovate their \n\nshelter reflects that they have very limited capital (Andre et.al. 1979: 48). Such a condition \n\nshows that the sidewalk traders are a group of less powerful people in every aspect of life \n\nespecially economically; therefore, they need to be empowered. \n\n The sidewalk traders, as part of the economic informal sector, have been in \n\nexistence in all the Indonesian cities in general, including in Denpasar City and West \n\nDenpasar Sub District in particular. As the main impact of the migration of people, they are \n\nrecognized as a structural phenomenon which will always exist. On one side, their existence \n\nin West Denpasar Sub District, Denpasar City, has been considered not only to cause the \n\ncity to look disorganized but has also been considered to be responsible for discomfort and \n\nto disturb public order. On the other side, they are human beings who have the right to have \n\noccupation and to live properly as stated in the 1945 Constitution. Trading is one of the \n\nactivities they can do for a living. Actually, they have been made to exist by the system of \n\nthe societal activities which has been in existence since a very long time ago. The \n\ncommunity members have been accustomed to buying things made available by the \n\nsidewalk traders. They have been forced or have not been forced to live in the situation in \n\nwhich economy is not stable, even though they have been playing an important role in", "start_char_idx": 3757, "end_char_idx": 6809, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a87575fa-9ac9-4ff6-8d17-ee2fae842a47": {"__data__": {"id_": "a87575fa-9ac9-4ff6-8d17-ee2fae842a47", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3626", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "62bec1e973d7a377c573342233f3523ef1a750d5eeea2369c714fabc5bb45c9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0a2aab95-0bb3-45bf-bd15-8c149c7725df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "e1f32212d4843899da83ca6bba1e22ce7ca8f51c1bf98188b173f61fb4895809", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "75f3c278-17e7-4560-b61c-4350dd5d0b4e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2cfbbc3010de3d345e28008b3652a2929d6f829ba312f4acd1a096e1e1277831", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "fulfilling what is needed by the consumers from all the layers of the community. Therefore, \n\nif their existence is well managed with proper management of empowerment, it is by all \n\nmeans that their lives will be better and that they will contribute to the original regional \n\nearnings.  \n\n The management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders in West Denpasar Sub \n\nDistrict has been actually performed with reference to the Local Rules and Regulations \n\n(Perda) of Number 3 of Year 2000. However, the fact in the field shows that what has been \n\nachieved has been far from being adequate. It is based on this fact that a research was \n\nconducted with the problems formulated as follows: (1) how the management of \n\nempowerment had already been and was being performed by the government of West \n\nDenpasar Sub District?; (2) what responses were given by the community to the model of \n\nthe management of empowerment performed by the government?; (3) what impacts and \n\nmeanings were given by the management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders in West \n\nDenpasar Sub District? This study aims at identifying the model of the  management of \n\nempowerment  performed by the government, identifying the responses given by the \n\ncommunity to such a model of the  management of empowerment and at identifying the \n\nimpacts and meanings given by the model applied. The theory of postmodern, the theory of \n\ndeconstruction, the theory of hegemony, the theory of responses and the theory of \n\nmotivation and achievement were employed to answer the above mentioned problems. \n\nFrom the methodological aspect, the research is classified as a qualitative one. The \n\ntechnique of observation, the technique of interview, the technique of documentation and \n\nfocus group discussion were employed to obtain the data needed. \n\n \n\nII. Discussion    \n\n The findings show that the  management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders in \n\nWest Denpasar Sub District does not have any particular model yet. The implementation in \n\nthe field refers to the Local Rules and Regulations (Perda) of Number 3 of Year 2000, \n\nwhich is modified from the Local Rules and Regulations of Number 15 of Year 1993. The \n\nLocal Rules and Regulations of Number 3 of Year 2000 does not accommodate the interests \n\nof the government, the sidewalk traders and of the consumers as those who consume what \n\nis prepared by the sidewalk traders. This means that the governmental hegemony has taken \n\nplace over the sidewalk traders. \n\n If viewed from the theory of motivation of needs, the objective of what they do is to \n\nfulfill their primary needs such as food, clothing, shelter and education. In other words,", "start_char_idx": 6814, "end_char_idx": 9489, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "75f3c278-17e7-4560-b61c-4350dd5d0b4e": {"__data__": {"id_": "75f3c278-17e7-4560-b61c-4350dd5d0b4e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3626", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "62bec1e973d7a377c573342233f3523ef1a750d5eeea2369c714fabc5bb45c9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a87575fa-9ac9-4ff6-8d17-ee2fae842a47", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "91cf179e67e2a723ce0e18145f79e5245f2f8207436987c60af84954f3a54ded", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "100fc263-9a3b-4cd2-b4e0-6389df80ae2d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3a64cb04d154307a1755b25b7eceecbada842ba4aac405ec375841af31af8cb6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "what they do is to fulfill their physical needs. On the other hand, the governmental agencies \n\nunder the government of West Denpasar Sub District perform their responsibilities based on \n\nthe applicable rules and regulations. They work for the sake of achievement, position and \n\npromotion. What they want to achieve is work achievement, prestige, and promotion or \n\npower. Such differences in motivation have led to different justifications and blaming each \n\nother.  \n\n The sidewalk traders in West Denpasar Sub District have struggled so hard that they \n\ncan survive even in a very critical condition. Based on the leadership characteristics, they \n\nmay be classified as hard and highly-motivated workers. As a result, the leadership \n\napproach applied should be the participative leadership. It is in accordance with the \n\npostmodern theory, in which the leader should coordinate with those he/she lead, thereby \n\nthose who are led feel that they are protected. They feel that what the leader does is for \n\nthem. They have a sense of belonging and will be responsible for the success of the \n\nprograms already formulated. It is this which has not been performed in West Denpasar, \n\nDenpasar City yet. The reason is that the applicable local rules and regulations have given \n\nauthority to the traditional villages (desa pekraman, desa adat) and administrative villages \n\nto organize the sidewalk traders (Article 32 A of the Local Rules Regulations of Number 3 \n\nof Year 2000, clause (1)). \n\n It is necessary to deconstruct the Local Rules and Regulations of Number 3 of Year \n\n2000 for the reason that they have not accommodated all the interests. They have not \n\nreferred to the higher rules and regulations either such as the 1945 Constitution, the Rules \n\nand Regulations of Number 39 of Year 1999 concerning human rights, and the Rules and \n\nRegulations of Number 9 of Year 1995 concerning small businesses. Their rights, as \n\ncitizens, have been neglected and forgotten. It is clear that their rights have been included in \n\nthe 1945 Constitution, the Rules and Regulations of Number 39 of Year 1999 and the Rules \n\nand Regulations of Number 09 of Year 1995. \n\n The model of the management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders has been \n\nperformed by the government through three ways such as: 1) the way in which the \n\ngovernmental agencies are indirectly involved; what is meant is that the governmental \n\nagencies are hierarchically involved, in which the governmental agencies in the levels of \n\nsub district, administrative villages and neighborhoods are the main doers; (2) the way in \n\nwhich the municipal and sub district governmental agencies are directly involved in \n\nsupervising the sidewalk traders, especially those who sell their merchandise  along the \n\nmain streets such as Diponogoro Street, Teuku Umar Street, Mahendradata Street, Gunung", "start_char_idx": 9494, "end_char_idx": 12363, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "100fc263-9a3b-4cd2-b4e0-6389df80ae2d": {"__data__": {"id_": "100fc263-9a3b-4cd2-b4e0-6389df80ae2d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3626", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "62bec1e973d7a377c573342233f3523ef1a750d5eeea2369c714fabc5bb45c9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "75f3c278-17e7-4560-b61c-4350dd5d0b4e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "d7e97e9791354011c0e6b6b25d15cf344a4a353f63fcd523935b855713045137", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c286bbf6-175b-4e11-89c6-16ea5d6cff4f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fc327a5e8d5cd2a5e76c2c560249da0c18a3d6ee1116dee527e8206c324beff6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Agung Street and Imam Bonjol Street; (3) the way in which how to manage the sidewalk \n\ntraders is the responsibility of the traditional villages (desa pakraman/adat).   \n\n From the managerial aspect point of view, how the sidewalk traders in West \n\nDenpasar are empowered does not have any particular management yet as the reference. It \n\nstill refers to the governmental management, leading to an ambiguity between the \n\ngovernmental management and the management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders.  \n\nThe management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders in West Denpasar Sub District \n\nhas not been sufficiently performed both vertically and horizontally (secondarily), which \n\nhas been responsible for different interpretations among the related components. \n\nFurthermore, there has been less coordination among them. \n\n The government, in this case, the government of West Denpasar Sub District, \n\nthrough its administrative villages, Community Empowerment Institutions (Lembaga \n\nPemberdayaan Masyarakat) and traditional villages (desa pekraman/adat) has performed \n\nthe management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders institutionally; however, in its \n\nimplementation, an overlap has been found among the institutions. Having different \n\nreferences, this can be understood. Such an overlap would not occur if there were good \n\ncoordination among the institutions. It is recognized that so far, on one side, the \n\ncoordination has not been so good; on the other side, urgent actions need to be taken; \n\notherwise, the existence of the sidewalk traders will be getting more problematic as a result \n\nof a higher current of migration.  The rapid development of Denpasar City has made it more \n\ninteresting, which, then, has been responsible for the higher current of migration.  \n\n The sidewalk traders and consumers have not given any response to the \n\nmanagement of empowerment. The reason is that it has not been sufficiently socialized yet \n\nor the extent to which it has been socialized has not fully achieved the target. The sidewalk \n\ntraders and consumers have been made not responsive and have not been able to perform \n\ntheir activities as they like.  \n\n The uncertainty of the management of empowerment performed by the government \n\nhas affected the societal social life such as in the forms of slum areas, disorganization, \n\nenvironmental problems, street kids and crimes. Economically, it has been responsible for \n\nthe higher competition among the sidewalk traders. The reason is that more and more are \n\ncoming. Furthermore, it is predicted that there are formal entrepreneurs who package their \n\nbusinesses through sidewalk traders. In addition, politically, the management of \n\nempowerment performed by the government and the traditional villages (desa", "start_char_idx": 12368, "end_char_idx": 15148, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c286bbf6-175b-4e11-89c6-16ea5d6cff4f": {"__data__": {"id_": "c286bbf6-175b-4e11-89c6-16ea5d6cff4f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3626", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "62bec1e973d7a377c573342233f3523ef1a750d5eeea2369c714fabc5bb45c9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "100fc263-9a3b-4cd2-b4e0-6389df80ae2d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "fe52bae93a26fb8ef3377b9f6e460a258528578907085c51d5c55b9fb49407b7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5e3af8d1-4abb-47c6-926d-5fbbff9790fd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8376cdc8bd421525030c40469ea283d01bf771242b79e960491449cd3a6435fa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "pekraman/adat) refers to their own justifications. Moreover, there are some indicators that \n\nthe sidewalk traders are protected by particular groups.  \n\n The actions taken by the governmental agencies in carrying out their responsibilities \n\nhas resulted in solidarity among the sidewalk traders and between them and the consumers. \n\nThe sidewalk traders have been satisfied with what they earn which has been better than \n\nwhat they earned when they lived where they originally come from. This is what is meant \n\nby well being. Psychologically, such a better well being has improved their prestige and \n\ntrust in themselves.  \n\n \n\nIII. Closing  \n\n Based on what has been described above, as far as the management of \n\nempowerment of the sidewalk traders in West Denpasar Sub District is concerned, four \n\nfindings can be found. The first finding is that the management of empowerment of the \n\nsidewalk traders in West Denpasar Sub District does not have any distinct form yet. The \n\nreason is that the Local Rules and Regulations of Number 3 of Year 2000 do not \n\naccommodate all the related interests. It turns out that, as the second finding, the model of \n\nthe management of empowerment has been performed in three ways. The first is through \n\nthe administrative villages, the second is directly performed and the third is through the \n\ntraditional villages (desa pekraman/adat). However, such a model has not been completed \n\nwith planning, organization, staffing, and proper direction and supervision. The third \n\nfinding is that the management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders is negatively \n\nresponded by the sidewalk traders themselves and the consumers. The fourth finding is that \n\nthe failure of the management of empowerment of the sidewalk traders has social, \n\neconomic and political effects and has the meanings of solidarity, well being and \n\npsychology.  \n\n Based on the above mentioned findings, a model of the management of \n\nempowerment of the sidewalk traders through coordination among themselves, strong \n\nentrepreneurs (private) and the government is recommended. The sidewalk traders are \n\norganized based their own business areas with a simple organization, in which the leaders \n\nare taken from themselves. The government is only the mediator in the formation of such an \n\norganization, while the initiatives are from the traders themselves. The assistance in the \n\nform of capital may be provided by private organizations (strong entrepreneurs and the \n\ngovernment-owned companies) or the government itself through cooperatives and the", "start_char_idx": 15153, "end_char_idx": 17724, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5e3af8d1-4abb-47c6-926d-5fbbff9790fd": {"__data__": {"id_": "5e3af8d1-4abb-47c6-926d-5fbbff9790fd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3626", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "62bec1e973d7a377c573342233f3523ef1a750d5eeea2369c714fabc5bb45c9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c286bbf6-175b-4e11-89c6-16ea5d6cff4f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "53ba9704da78063f67c3a9292814971dc2890b04ae7e42cbb65e342ff62f183f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "35582ff4-863f-4e1c-86d8-69a6cccbe206", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a5f1b43fcfca91a1f656b879e96d1f18b02e088e2775499cf674f81f9f837faf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "organizations of the traders. The government may impose retributions on the traders in \n\naccordance with the policy implemented.  \n\n \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n \n\n The writer would like to thank the Rector of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. I \n\nMade Bakta, Sp.P.D. (K.) for the facilities and opportunity provided to attend the doctorate \n\nprogram at Udayana University. The writer would also like to highly appreciate the \n\nDirector of the Postgraduate Program of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. Ir. Dewa Ngurah \n\nSuprapta, M.Sc. for the opportunity provided to be a student at the Doctorate Program of \n\nUdayana University. The writer would also like to extend his high appreciation to Head of \n\nthe Doctorate Program of Cultural Studies of the Postgraduate Program of Udayana \n\nUniversity, Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U., as the Promoter as well, for all the guidance, \n\nsupervision and motivation provided so that this dissertation can be completed as expected.  \n\nMany thanks also go to Prof. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, M.S., and Prof. Dr. I Ketut Sudibia, \n\nS.E.,S.U., as Co-promoter I and Co-promoter II, for their real supervision so that this \n\ndissertation can be completed.  \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \nAnonymous,  2006. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan \n Undang-Undang No.24 Tahun 2003. Jakarta: Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik \n Indonesia.  \n \n--------------, Denpasar Dalam Angka. Bappeda, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kota \n Denpasar. \n \n--------------, 2005. Himpunan Beberapa Peraturan Daerah Kota Denpasar. Dinas \n Trantib dan Satpol. 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Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung.", "start_char_idx": 17729, "end_char_idx": 19726, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "35582ff4-863f-4e1c-86d8-69a6cccbe206": {"__data__": {"id_": "35582ff4-863f-4e1c-86d8-69a6cccbe206", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3626", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "62bec1e973d7a377c573342233f3523ef1a750d5eeea2369c714fabc5bb45c9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5e3af8d1-4abb-47c6-926d-5fbbff9790fd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "c533240c516f487cb194334cb7d1011c78de1680828dd31cfb6c5495766e9858", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2ad18f0a-51de-425d-b812-ee5fa7cac0ae", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "98799d5be00fd07869fad103bb08410a96827ba42099f6903d2ce876d9156037", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Astawa, I Nengah Dasi. 2005. Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kerakyatan di Kabupaten \n Jembrana, Propinsi Bali. Perspeketif Kajian Budaya. Desertasi S3 Kajian Budaya \n UNUD.  \n \nBappeda Kota Denpasar, BPS Kota Denpasar. 2007. \u201dKecamatan Denpasar Barat Dalam \n Angka\u201d. \n \nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktik (terjemahan). Yogyakarta, PT. \n Bentang Pustaka.  \n \nBest, Steven and Kellner Douglas. 2002. Postmodern Theory; Critical Interrogations. \n New York: Palgrave Macmillan.  \n \nBoskoff, Alvin. 1964. \u201cRecent Theories of Social Change\u201d. Dalam Werner J. Cahnman \n dan Alvin Boskoff, Sociology and History: Theory of Research. London: The \n Free Press of Glencoe.  \n \nDalle Daniel Sulekale. 2002. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin di Era Otonomi Daerah: \n www.ekonomirakyat.org. 18-06-2004.  \n \nDharmayanti,Diah. 2006. \u201dAnalysis Sensitifitas Respon Konsumen Terhadap \n Ekstensifikasi Merek (Brand Extension) Pada Margarine Merek Filma di \n Surabaya\u201d. Jurnal Managemen Pemasaran, Vol. 1, No. 2, Oktover 2006: halm. \n 65-73. \n \nKeller, Douglas.2003. Teori  Sosial Radikal (terjemahan). Jakarta: Syarikat Indonesia.  \nMariyah, Emiliana. 2006.\u201dKajian Budaya,, Local Genius dan Pemberdayaan \n Masyarakat\u201d. Seminar Nasional S2/S3 Kajian Budaya Program Pascasarjana \n Universitas Udayana.  \n \nMoleong, L.J.. 2000. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosydakarya.  \n \nMubyarto, 2002. Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Rakyat dan Peranan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial. \n Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.  \n \nNajib Ufi. 2006. \u201dAplikasi Teori Postmodernisme Terhadap Aspek Pemberdayaan \n\nMasyarakat (Community Empowerment) Daerah Tujuan Wisata\u201d. Pustaka (Jurnal \nIlmu-Ilmu Budaya). Vol. VI, No. 11.  \n\n \nNorris, Christopher. 2003. Membongkar Teori Dekonstruksi Jacques Derrida. Yorgyakarta: \n\nArt-Ruzz.  \n \nPariartha, I Wayan Wana. 1998. Permodalan, Jam Kerja dan Pendapatan Pedagang \n\nKakilima di Pasar Kereneng, Kotamadya Denpasar. Tesis S2, Program Studi \nKependudukan, Jurusan Antar Bidang UGM, Yogyakarta.  \n\n \nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2005. Cultural Studies and Postmodernism: Isyu, Teori dan Metode. \n\nMakalah disampaikan dalam seminar pada Program Magister dan Doktor Kajian \nBudaya Universitas Udayana, 12 Juli 2005.", "start_char_idx": 19734, "end_char_idx": 21947, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2ad18f0a-51de-425d-b812-ee5fa7cac0ae": {"__data__": {"id_": "2ad18f0a-51de-425d-b812-ee5fa7cac0ae", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3626", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "62bec1e973d7a377c573342233f3523ef1a750d5eeea2369c714fabc5bb45c9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "35582ff4-863f-4e1c-86d8-69a6cccbe206", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "fb1ad4f4074de875c9d7b61035ea9287e686ea2e446026f32e080a3192360d98", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c250637f-55fb-4a43-8a73-38bbf816e6f9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "be7488042e4186a2ff334745960574dfd1950eb20482546e0dc0a31ffbac026d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Ratna, I Nyoman Kutha. 2005. Sastra dan Cultural Studies, Representasi Fiksi dan Fakta. \nYogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.  \n\n \nSuastika, I Made. 2003. \u201dKajian Budaya dan Paradigma Yang Dikembangkan\u201d. Dalam \n\nPemahaman Budaya di Tengah Perubahan. Denpasar: Program S2 dan S3 Kajian \nBudaya UNUD.  \n\n \nWinardi, J. 2004. Motivasi dan Pemotivasian dalam Manajemen. Jakarta: PT. Raja \n\nGrafindo Persada.", "start_char_idx": 21955, "end_char_idx": 22349, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c250637f-55fb-4a43-8a73-38bbf816e6f9": {"__data__": {"id_": "c250637f-55fb-4a43-8a73-38bbf816e6f9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3628", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "eedd909582859c6e4351ced0dbb339934c65caf3633d60eefc810c03c723d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2ad18f0a-51de-425d-b812-ee5fa7cac0ae", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3626", "author": "Wana Pariartha, I Wayan; Suastika, I Made; Mariyah, Emiliana; Sudibia, I Ketut", "title": " MANAGEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT OF SIDEWALK TRADERS IN WEST DENPASAR SUB DISTRICT DENPASAR CITY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3626.pdf"}, "hash": "ff591d3359bfb7a2367bea83a360d926eb44b6e98382fec46b9c0985660e81e1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1c846ad8-4d80-48fe-884d-3c5c88abadfb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "152dd3155e66514ade68c3c09e439e96b6002b2c48c99fe97a461fd49cce2a43", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-journal Made Ngurah\n\n\nDIALOGUE OF INTER RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY \nMEMBERS IN THE MULTICULTURAL COMMUNITY OF  \n\nDENPASAR CITY \n \n\n \nI Gusti Made Ngurah1, I Gde Semadi Astra2, \n\nI Made Suastika2, I Gde Parimartha2 \n \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nE-mail: gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n  \n The dialogue of inter religious community members in the multicultural \ncommunity of Denpasar has been beneficial to the organization of collective life. In \nrelation to that, this study describes the phenomenon of cultural dialogues as an attempt \nto realize the idea of multiculturalism and to establish  harmonious atmosphere in which \ndifferences are mutually accepted and appreciated. Field qualitative method is employed \nin this study and the data needed were collected by the technique of observation, the \ntechnique of in-depth interview and documentary study. The results of the study show \nthat the idea of the dialogue has been based on heterogeneity, frequent conflicts and \nenthusiasm in establishing harmony. The policies which are referred to by the dialogue \nare regulated in various regulations issued by several ministers, the governor and the \nmajor. Such policies serve as the legal umbrella of the dialogue, while the dialogic \nprograms are determined by the government and the Communicative Forum of Inter \nReligious Community Members (Forum Komunikasi Antar-Umat Beragama, hereon \nabbreviated to FKUB). The operating techniques of how the dialogue is conducted are \norganized by this forum. The dialogic fluency is motivated by the supporting factors \nwhich are hoped to bring much success. However, there are also some obstructions which \nmay lead to failures. Attempts are made to develop it into a successful one and to \navoid/eliminate its negative effects. In addition, the dialogue is also philosophically, \ndialectally and dynamically meaningful. Generally, the understanding of such \nmeaningfulness can improve the quality of the multicultural life in Denpasar City. It \nseems that the formal dialogue of inter religious community members has only been \nintensively conducted by the religious leaders and the leaders of the related institutions. It \nhas not been averagely conducted in the grass root level yet. \n \nKeywords: Inter religious community members, harmony and multicultural", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2437, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1c846ad8-4d80-48fe-884d-3c5c88abadfb": {"__data__": {"id_": "1c846ad8-4d80-48fe-884d-3c5c88abadfb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3628", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "eedd909582859c6e4351ced0dbb339934c65caf3633d60eefc810c03c723d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c250637f-55fb-4a43-8a73-38bbf816e6f9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "a6c86e18d049b626d6ce48e30fbe776cd44c80751a4478b90ed2b088716584ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2375f687-e84b-4935-9d28-1442ae281bda", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d77dafcb73c8c233fb88ef0dc27a5b7e9c5dcfae1833773a9e68aad4ba400484", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Background \n A dialogue of inter religious community members is a type of dynamic meeting \n\nattended by the followers of two or more religions, in which there is an exchange of \n\nreligious values and information among the different religious followers. It is intended to \n\nestablish a cooperation, to foster harmony, and to accept and appreciate differences as the \n\nrealization of the idea of multiculturalism. The multilateral and international meeting of \n\nthe \u201cReligious Parliaments\u201d was held in Chicago in 1892, in which gists of thoughts \n\n\u201cagree in disagreement\u201d was agreed. Such an international dialogue has made the world\u2019s \n\nreligious leaders, Indonesia, and the local people of Denpasar City aware that the \n\ndialogue or inter religious community members is really essential in the relationship \n\namong the religions. The one which has been conducted in Denpasar has been inspired by \n\nthe international and national dialogue of inter religious community members. In \n\naddition, it is really needed for organizing religious life in a heterogeneous community \n\nwhich is faced with many challenges. The challenges faced by the heterogeneous \n\ncommunity internally appear from every religious community. The incidents such as the \n\nbomb blasts taking place on 12th October 2002 and on 2nd October 2005 are stated to be \n\nexternal challenges. Attempts have been made to conduct the dialogue of inter religious \n\ncommunity members as the answer to such challenges. It is also intended to more \n\nstrongly establish the idea of multiculturalism in the multicultural community.  \n\n This study discusses the dialogical basis, the supporting and obstructing factors, \n\nthe effects and meanings of the dialogue of inter religious community members in the \n\nmulticultural community of Denpasar City. It aims at describing the cultural behavior and \n\nthe harmonious and peaceful multicultural community.  Its significance is not only to \n\nstrongly establish the understanding of the idea and implementation of the multicultural \n\ncommunity but more importantly  it is also intended to give beneficial contribution to the \n\ndevelopment of science in general and to the cultural studies in particular.  \n\n \n\nDiscussion  \n The communicative, hegemony, deconstruction and multicultural theories are \n\nused to analyze the problems. The results show that openness has taken place among the \n\nreligious members, the tension among the different religious members has been \n\ndecreasing, misunderstanding has been getting less, act of despising religions has been", "start_char_idx": 2450, "end_char_idx": 5002, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2375f687-e84b-4935-9d28-1442ae281bda": {"__data__": {"id_": "2375f687-e84b-4935-9d28-1442ae281bda", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3628", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "eedd909582859c6e4351ced0dbb339934c65caf3633d60eefc810c03c723d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1c846ad8-4d80-48fe-884d-3c5c88abadfb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "c2b7e434b538340de9f5355f12a76ab53d0eed7f97e4c1036bde60e23f4aa214", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e2814370-d8a5-48a3-89ef-0631d7d59444", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "53d394e5a557623d4495bcc2f7f00e333064f6096191d70dfaa3ea1fca2f30cb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "minimized, harmony has been getting more established and SARA related conflicts have \n\nbeen able to be avoided. The last took place almost all over Indonesia in the end of New \n\nOrder government, that is, in 1998. The plurality in Denpasar City community is in layers \n\nmarked by the existence of six religions such as Hindu, Islam, Protestant, Catholic, \n\nBuddhist, and Kong Hucu. The followers of each religion come from different ethnic \n\ngroups with different languages, traditions, characteristics, and social conditions. Under \n\neach religion, there are further ideologies. \n\n In particular, the dialogic idea has been made to appear by plurality in the \n\ncommunity, frequent conflicts and enthusiasm in creating harmony.  These three things \n\nare used as the basis for the dialogue, which are then completed with policies in the form \n\nof regulations and the dialogic programs created by the government and the FKUB as the \n\nreferences. \n\n The supporting factors such as (1) the essence of religious teachings which \n\nimplies that every religion recommends to settle any problem through dialogues; (2) the \n\nvalues of Balinese local genius ( menyama braya) are accepted to be the guideline when \n\nconducting a dialogue; (3) equality of religious community members refers to the \n\nequality in age, education, knowledge, experience and social condition of the participants \n\nof the dialogue; (4) models of behavior shown by the religious leaders; and (5) the \n\ndevelopment of science and technology which can be maximally used have contributed to \n\nthe success of the dialogue as expected. The supporting factors are obstructed by the \n\nobstructing factors such as (1) unpreparedness of the participants of the dialogue; (2) the \n\ninsufficient supporting facilities and infrastructures; (3) the policies considered unfair; \n\nand (4) the close attitude of the religious community members. However, the dialogue of \n\ninter religious community members has resulted in positive effects such as the \n\nharmonious life among the religious community members  has been getting more \n\nestablished, the cooperation among the religious community members has been getting \n\nimproved; and the mutual acceptance and appreciation have been getting better. \n\nHowever, negative effects have also been identified such as there has been an anxiety that \n\nthe dialogue will result in syncretism, pressure from the majority over the minority and \n\nreligious conversion.", "start_char_idx": 5007, "end_char_idx": 7459, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e2814370-d8a5-48a3-89ef-0631d7d59444": {"__data__": {"id_": "e2814370-d8a5-48a3-89ef-0631d7d59444", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3628", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "eedd909582859c6e4351ced0dbb339934c65caf3633d60eefc810c03c723d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2375f687-e84b-4935-9d28-1442ae281bda", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "d2e8d8b9c0f4f6b9b5f9cb6319842028c40147fb7ef9a46d63866324d8bb0a04", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f5f846c4-2ec4-43c5-8b50-f25c95fdc735", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "36fd603a716185d99183ef52acfa1305623334f60b408ad32ed7c67fab69acdf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Apart from the effects, the results of the research also show that the dialogue can \n\ngive three meanings such as (1) philosophical meaning, as far as the material and mental \n\nspiritual development is concerned which will basically lead to harmonious and peaceful \n\nlife; (2) dialogic meaningful, as far as the intensification of religious teachings and \n\nunderstanding other religious are concerned, which will lead to harmony or symmetry \n\namong the different religious community members; and (3) dynamic meaningful, as far \n\nas the dialogue conducted to give deep understanding of the idea of multiculturalism and \n\nto establish the implementation of the multicultural community. This is intended to \n\nanticipate SARA related conflicts and to obtain solutions to the problems collectively \n\nencountered.  \n\n The findings of the study are: first, the establishment of Badan Musyawarah \n\nUmat Beragama Daerah Tingkat I Bali (another forum of the dialogue of inter religious \n\ncommunity members in provincial level in Bali) in 1975 has inspired the establishment of \n\nWadah Musyawarah Pusat (another central similar forum) and the establishment of \n\nFKAUB Bali in 1999 which then led to the issue of the PBM No. 9.8 of 2006, which has \n\nallowed  the establishment of FKUB in the provincial and regencial levels all over \n\nIndonesia. Second, the dialogue of inter religious community members continuously \n\nconducted in Denpasar City can avoid SARA related conflicts, which then can be used as \n\nthe model referred to by the other provinces and regencies all over Indonesia. Third, the \n\ndevelopment of religious ideologies and the arrival of new migrants with their different \n\ncultures in Denpasar City has not been included as part of the dialogue of inter religious \n\ncommunity members, whereas in fact these two things will potentially lead to conflicts \n\nand affect the dialogue itself. \n\n \nConclusions \n The dialogue of inter religious community members in the multicultural \n\ncommunity of Denpasar City has been able to be conducted based on (1) the plurality of \n\nthe community, frequent conflicts, and enthusiasm in establishing harmony; (2) policies \n\nand (3) the implementation of the programs created by the government and FKUB have \n\nbeen getting more directed and fluent . \n\n The supporting factors such as the essence of each religious teaching, the values \n\nof local genius, the equality of religious community members, their social condition, the \n\n\n\nmodels given by the religious leaders, the development of science and technology can \n\nlead the dialogue to a success as expected. On the other hand, the obstructing factors such \n\nas the unpreparedness of the participants of the dialogue, the differences in cultural \n\nvalues, the close attitude of the religious community members, the policies considered \n\nunfair, and insufficient facilities and infrastructures will potentially lead the dialogue to a \n\nfailure. \n\n The positive effects of the dialogue of the inter religious community members are \n\nthat the harmony among the different religious community members are getting  \n\nestablished, the cooperation among the religious community members are getting \n\nimproved, the mutual acceptance and appreciation among the religious community \n\nmembers are getting better, and the awareness of establishing multicultural enthusiasm is \n\ndeveloping. While the negative effects of the dialogue of the inter religious community \n\nmembers, based on the previous experiences, are that there is an anxiety that such a \n\ndialogue will lead to syncretism, pressure from the majority over minority, and religious \n\nconversion. \n\n In addition to the above mentioned effects, the dialogue has three meanings. The \n\nfirst meaning is philosophical, in which the mental and spiritual development to be able \n\nto live harmoniously and peacefully in diversity is implied. The second meaning is \n\ndialogic, in which intensification one\u2019s religion which can be attempted by making \n\ncomparison to another\u2019s religion so that there is a mutual understanding is implied. The \n\nthird is dynamic meaning, in which what is done by the religious community members in \n\nimplementing their respective religion is implied. The understanding of the differences \n\nand similarities in religious teachings through the dialogue can develop the anticipatory \n\nbehavior against SARA related conflicts and at the same time can improve the \n\ncooperation among the religious community members in solving the problems \n\ncollectively encountered. \n\n It is considered necessary to perfect the system of the management of the dialogue \n\nstarting from the betterment of understanding of the base of the dialogue, the perfection \n\nof the policies, the perfection of the attempts made to prepare the facilities and \n\ninfrastructures, and the allocation of the sufficient funds needed for the dialogue through \n\nAPBN/APBD. Improved supervision is also necessary in every religion. Apart from the", "start_char_idx": 7466, "end_char_idx": 12434, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f5f846c4-2ec4-43c5-8b50-f25c95fdc735": {"__data__": {"id_": "f5f846c4-2ec4-43c5-8b50-f25c95fdc735", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3628", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "eedd909582859c6e4351ced0dbb339934c65caf3633d60eefc810c03c723d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e2814370-d8a5-48a3-89ef-0631d7d59444", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "d68169211f535202b69f99e5d0f1e3e9ff2f58bb19928e0df410ca60d1b48974", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d007f253-f467-464d-bfbc-e0644909c033", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b225f9bde636d151eb18f17fd072721e1b0782d50be5f8a7fbdc8bab8de2c37d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "formal dialogue, informal dialogues also need to be intensified (work dialogue) to fasten \n\nthe implementation of the dialogue in the grass root.  \n\n \n\n \nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\n \nAli, H.A. Mukti.1976. Agama dan Pembangungan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Biro Humas \n Dep. Agama R.I. \nAli, Mursyid. 1999. Pluralitas Sosial dan Hubungan Antara Agama. Jakarta: Balitbang \n\nAgama, Proyek Peningkatan Kerukunan Hidup Beragama. \nAryadharma, Suarpi. 2009. Konversi Agama \u201cPenyakit Kronis di Bali\u201d Manfaatkan \n\nKelemahan Agama dan Pelaksanaan Adat. Media Hindu,November 2009, Edisi \n69. \n\nBudiyono. 1983. Membina Kerukunan Hidup Antarumat Beragama. Yogyakarta: \nPenerbit Yayasan Kanisius. \n\nDarmaputra, Eka. 1999/2000. \u201cKehidupan Beragama dalam Masyarakat Majemuk\u201d \ndalam Chairul Fuad Yusuf & Muchlis. Agama, Generasi Muda, dan Intergrasi \nBangsa di Masa Depan. Jakarta: Badan Litbang Departmen Agama RI.  \n\nDjauhari, H.A. Zaidan. 1983/1984. Pedoman Dasar Kerukunan Hidup Beragama. \nJakarta: Proyek Pembinaan Kerukunan Hidup Beragama Department Agama RI. \n\nEffendi, Djohan. 1985. \u201cDialog Antaragama Bisakah Melahirkan Teologi Kerukunan\u201d \ndalam Prisma. Agama dan Tantangan Zaman Piluhan Artikel Prisma 1975 \u2013 \n1984. Jakarta: LP3ES.  \n\nHardawiyana, Robert. 2006. Dialog Umat Kristiani dengan Umat Pluri-\nAgama/Kepercayaan di Nusantara. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nHefner, Robert W. 2007. Politk Multikulturalisme Menggugat Realitas Kebangsaan. \nYogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. \n\nRuslani.2000. Masyarakat Kitab dan Dialog Antaragama. Yogyarkarta :CV Adipura.  \nSaidi, Saleh. 1996. \u201cPerkembangan Akulturasi Islam dan Hindu di Bali\u201d dalam Aswab \n\nMahasin dkk. Ruh Islam dan Budaya Bangsa Aneka Budaya Nusantara. Jakarta. \nYayasan Festival Istiqal.  \n\nSchmann. 2008. Dialog Antarumat Beragama Membuka Babak Baru dalam Hubungan \nAntarumat Beragama. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia.  \n\nSundarajan. 2000. \u201cModel Dialog Antaragama Menurut Hindu\u201d, dalam Kamdani, Agama \nuntuk Manusia. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Offset. \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\nACKNOLEDGMENTS  \nIn this opportunity, great indebtedness is extended to the Rector of Udayana \n\nUniversity and the Director of the Postgraduate Program of Udayana University for the \n\nopportunity and facilities provided when attending the Doctorate Program (S3) in \n\nCultural Studies at Udayana University. High appreciation is also provided to the \n\nSupervisor, Prof. Dr. I Gde Semadi Astra, Co-Supervisor I, Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, \n\nS.U., and Co-Supervisor II, Prof. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A., for their useful guidance \n\nand advice during the process of writing this dissertation. Many thanks also go to all the \n\nparties whom cannot be mentioned one by one for their assistance in conducting this \n\nresearch.", "start_char_idx": 12439, "end_char_idx": 15157, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d007f253-f467-464d-bfbc-e0644909c033": {"__data__": {"id_": "d007f253-f467-464d-bfbc-e0644909c033", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3631", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "954283b168ced45611963146601475f6e1c8beca3df82412ddaddd350352e82d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f5f846c4-2ec4-43c5-8b50-f25c95fdc735", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3628", "author": "Ngurah, I Gusti Made; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " gustimadengurah@yahoo.co.id", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3628.pdf"}, "hash": "8774797f25ed215c597840674d4d8326d61af0635f9fbd8763d29b0f0460c921", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5718fe5f-fa7d-4bb2-981c-a93215d7149a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dd94a42775b79fd38b80bdf678db52e3f6be6a809946d889faddd596e5fddd0b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-journal La Ode\n\n\nLOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL \nFOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE \n\nRESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, \nSOUTH EAST SULAWESI \n\n \n \n\nLa Ode Ali Basri1, I Gde Parimartha2, \nI Wayan Ardika2, Aron Meko Mbete2 \n\n \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\nE-mail: laodeali.basri@yahoo.co.id \n \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n In this dissertation the local genius as socio-cultural capital for empowering the \nBajo ethnic people residing at the costal area of Bungin Permai Village, Tinanggea \nDistrict, South Konawe Regency, South Sulawesi Province is discussed. The Bajo ethnic  \npeople have a set of local genius within their socio-cultural system which is reflected in \ntheir belief, tradition and custom and is used as the reference for conceiving and \nexplaining the objective and essence of life and the world. However, such local genius \nhas not functioned optimally yet as they are still marginalized. \n This research is focused on (1) what forms of local genius serve as the socio \ncultural capital for empowering the Bajo ethnic group residing at the coastal area?; (2) \nhow the local genius is developed to empower the Bajo ethnic people residing at the \ncoastal area?; and (3) what factors which may support and obstruct the local genius used \nas the socio cultural capital for empowering the Bajo ethnic people residing at the coastal \narea? Qualitative method is employed in this study with the approach of cultural studies. \nThe theories used are the post colonial theory, structural theory, generative theory, \nhegemony theory and semiotic theory. The techniques used for collecting the data needed \nare participative observation, in-depth interview, library research, and focus group \ndiscussion. The data obtained are analytically and descriptively processed and are \npresented in the forms of narration, tables and visual illustration. \n The results of the study show that the Bajo ethnic people residing at Bungin \nPermai Village have a set of local genius which may be potentially used as the socio \ncultural capital for empowering their community such as (1) indigenous skills and \nknowledge; (2) working culture; and (3) local organizations. The development of the \nindigenous skills and knowledge (pengetahuan dan ketrampilan asli; hereon abbreviated \nto PKA) and the revitalization of their local organizations may be used as the socio \ncultural capital for empowering their community. The factors supporting the local genius \nused as the socio cultural capital to support the empowerment of the Bajo ethnic people \nresiding at the coastal area are (1) availability of marine resources around the area where \n\n\n\nthey live; (2) the existence of their local organizations; (3) being supporting by the \ncommunity and the government. The factors obstructing the local genius used as the \nsocio cultural capital to support the empowerment of the Bajo ethnic people residing at \nthe coastal area are (1) capitalistic economic transformation taking place within their \ncommunity; (2) collision against the mainland community with regard to cultural values; \n(3) low quality human resources; (4) negative image of the Bajo community. The \nmeanings of the local genius as the socio cultural capital for empowering the community \nare (1) cultural preservation; (2) community empowerment and independence.   \n \nKeywords: local genius, socio cultural capital, empowerment and Bajo ethnic people.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3551, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5718fe5f-fa7d-4bb2-981c-a93215d7149a": {"__data__": {"id_": "5718fe5f-fa7d-4bb2-981c-a93215d7149a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3631", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "954283b168ced45611963146601475f6e1c8beca3df82412ddaddd350352e82d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d007f253-f467-464d-bfbc-e0644909c033", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "6980b6521a978df5ab7d5bb7758e5bb9bfc2781a8807a6de56fae99748b9f76a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7384f773-f847-473a-93d8-a31dfa94dc70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e640c0acc6f86ac07ba0e734fa55a75aa129b7ad43cf2efe031543fcb863a69a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "INTRODUCTION  \n The Bejo ethnic people live at the coastal area of Bungin Permai Village, \n\nTinanggea District, South Konawe District, South East Sulawesi Province. As the people \n\nliving at the coastal area, they have a set of local genius which has been inherited from \n\ntheir ancestors or which has been the knowledge resulting from the interaction between \n\nthem and the nature (sea). Such local genius has been the cultural element of the Bajo \n\nculture which has been preserved and has had immunity to the change taking place within \n\nthe order of societal life. It has also controlled and directed the culture adhered to by the \n\nBajo people and can be observed from their philosophical teachings stating that \u201cPapu \n\nmanang\u2019 ita lino bake isi-isina, kita naja manusiana mamikiria bhatingga kolena \n\nmangelolana\u201d, (God has created the world with what it contains for human beings and we \n\nare left to think about and manage it well and wisely). As far as this philosophy is \n\nconcerned, the Bejo people are of the opinion that they will never starve or, in other \n\nwords, they will never suffer from poverty as the sea and what resources it contains are \n\nlimitless. Similarly, the gardens they look after and the compounds where they live also \n\ncontain resources which allow them to survive. In exploring the nature, the Bajo people \n\nrefer to four principles (empat prinsip, hereon abbreviated to 4D). They are Being \n\nConscious (pindara wuto), Self Endurance (pindara wuto), Self Prestige (parasaeya \n\nwuto) and Self Confidence (patappa wuto).  \n\n With regard to practical skills, the Bajo people living at Bungin Village have a set \n\nof specific skills which are needed to manage fish after being caught. They are skillful in \n\ndrying fish by employing kanasa (salting) technique, katawo (smoking) technique and \n\npaminda (preserving) technique. The dried fish is usually stored as stock for consumption \n\nduring low season or the periods of time when the moon shines brightly and when it is \n\nextremely wavy and windy. In addition, they are also skilful in making condiment made \n\nfrom pounded and fermented shrimp or small fish (terasi) and in making plaited materials  \n\n(anyam-anyaman). Furthermore, many housewives are skillful in making seaweed cakes.  \n\n In the meantime, the subsistence economic system which is still adhered to by the \n\nBajo people has resulted in subsistence ethics. Such ethics constitutes the response they \n\ngive to the fact that they are close to the critical border of subsistence reflected by their \n\npoverty and underdevelopment. It is from here that they establish their ethic foundation", "start_char_idx": 3559, "end_char_idx": 6193, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7384f773-f847-473a-93d8-a31dfa94dc70": {"__data__": {"id_": "7384f773-f847-473a-93d8-a31dfa94dc70", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3631", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "954283b168ced45611963146601475f6e1c8beca3df82412ddaddd350352e82d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5718fe5f-fa7d-4bb2-981c-a93215d7149a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "b6f2e28b3f8e48495923d514fea52da7e47c89f0eb46c6d6f1920ea1a790de6b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c6198c01-5c2a-4b4f-a0b5-2fc9f3e0b217", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3c15bd50ee81d7b61a2df5e2a8a01eb3ad0b00a28db7d44d17e462209ce769ac", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "of subsistence based on the principle of safety first. What is meant is that priority is given \n\nto safety and that risks are reduced. Such ethics is actualized by diversifying occupations, \n\nestablishing cooperative patterns through traditional organizations such as rarambanga \n\n(the Bajo social network). Through this organization they cooperate and help each other \n\nin various aspects of life. They work together and help each other in producing and \n\nexploitating marine resources and in the societal activities which involve family or \n\nhousehold network, friends and neighbors.  Such a social network is established based on \n\nthe philosophy of sikaada (mutually accepting each other\u2019s condition), sippatapa \n\n(mutually trusting each other) and situlutulu (helping each other). \n\n The Bajo people, who work as traditional farmers, recognize that the number of \n\nresources made available by the sea is limited and will be used up or will be decreasing. \n\nTherefore, they have developed some particular environmentally-friendly tools and \n\ntechniques for catching fish such as ngarempah, ambai, matubba, nubba and so forth. \n\nThe amount of fish they catch and the marine yields they collect do not exceed their \n\nfamily needs. \n\n However, such local genius does not function optimally. The reason is that they \n\nare still marginalized and are considered low-income community. In addition, they are \n\nstill considered rough and difficult to be organized by the mainland community. \n\nFurthermore, they are always unfairly treated by the other communities such as \n\nmiddlemen who determine the fish price. They are also the victims of the usurers under \n\nthe guise of any cooperative who give them loans with high interest. Apart from that, \n\ntheir underdevelopment can be seen from their limited accessibility to public and social \n\nfacilities and infrastructure, their low quality human resources, their limited accessibility \n\nto capital and local product market, unavailability of any economic social organization \n\nwhich serves as the community development instrument.  \n\n This research aims at exploring the local genius owned by the Bajo people which \n\nmay serve as the socio cultural capital for empowering the Bajo ethnic people who reside \n\nat the coastal area. The problems of this study can be formulated as follows: (1) what \n\nforms of the local genius owned by the Bajo people can serve as the socio cultural capital \n\nfor empowering the Bajo ethnic of Bungin Permai living at the coastal area of South East \n\nSulawesi; (2) how the local genius can be developed as a strategy for empowering the", "start_char_idx": 6198, "end_char_idx": 8809, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c6198c01-5c2a-4b4f-a0b5-2fc9f3e0b217": {"__data__": {"id_": "c6198c01-5c2a-4b4f-a0b5-2fc9f3e0b217", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3631", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "954283b168ced45611963146601475f6e1c8beca3df82412ddaddd350352e82d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7384f773-f847-473a-93d8-a31dfa94dc70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "5f26f444cfacaa71d343e8f12d8bbbefcd26b122c5160a30a0a77d67fc554f0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "181ede73-e1b1-43cd-8bf7-12efbbb4a698", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "edf3eb0eab94472fb64e230918bc8c60c45baff3c42e079dbe5f1fb76eabbf66", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Bajo ethnic people of Bungin Permai living at the coastal area; and (3) what factors may \n\nsupport and obstruct the local genius used as the socio cultural capital for empowering \n\nthe Bajo community, and what are the meanings of the local genius used as the capital for \n\nempowering the community. \n\n \n\nMATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n\n Qualitative method is used to present the local genius owned by the Bajo people \n\nliving at the coastal area of Bungin Permai Village, Tinanggea District, South Konawe \n\nRegency, South East Sulawesi Province which is used as the socio cultural capital for \n\nempowering the community. Then the local genius owned by the Bajo ethnic group is \n\ntransformed into a strategy for empowering them. This study was conducted in several \n\nstages. First, the ethnographic data on the Bajo people with their local genius were \n\ncollected. Then the collected data were initially analyzed for construction as the capital \n\nfor empowering the community. Second, the theories used to analyze the problems were \n\nselected such as the postcolonial theory, structural theory, hegemony theory, generative \n\ntheory and semiotic theory. Third, the data were compiled, categorized, compared and \n\ninterpreted. Fourth, the results of the research were written. \n\n \n\nFINDINGS OF THE STUDY \n\n The findings of the study can be generally described as follows: \n\n1. The stigma stating that the Bajo community is less civilized is a construction of \n\npolitical interests and capitalistic economy which have been transformed through \n\nthe state strength starting from the central government to the local entrepreneurs \n\nand their cronies.  The reason is that as far as the empirical data on the Bajo \n\npeople is concerned, they have a set of highly strategic and potential high local \n\nvalues which may be used as a strategy for empowering the local culturally-based \n\npeople living in the coastal area, and which may be potentially packaged as an \n\nalternative model for managing marine and coastal resources. The conventional \n\nenvironmental management model has failed. Nowadays, the sea and coastal \n\nenvironment is extremely damaged, resulting from the excessive extraction and \n\nless attention paid to the aspect of sustainability. The local genius which may be", "start_char_idx": 8814, "end_char_idx": 11081, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "181ede73-e1b1-43cd-8bf7-12efbbb4a698": {"__data__": {"id_": "181ede73-e1b1-43cd-8bf7-12efbbb4a698", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3631", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "954283b168ced45611963146601475f6e1c8beca3df82412ddaddd350352e82d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c6198c01-5c2a-4b4f-a0b5-2fc9f3e0b217", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "a7cb07c2509ed1ec17c290d2a596e483ab6f8f86e30c7e88d999bb60366c2b45", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4ff6941d-fa34-4ba4-9548-e5b814e4a2e7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "73da6ea53682a45948c774a7512a35744554c15d5c9199dbeeabe9654f23f7d3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "reproduced as the strategy for empowering the community includes the \n\nrevitalization of their indigenous knowledge and the revitalization of function of \n\nrarambanga. While the local genius which may be constructed as the model of \n\nmarine and coastal resources is their ecological local genius. The normative \n\nregulations they have applied should be changed into the village legal formal \n\nregulations (referred to Peraturan Desa). However, such a legal transformation \n\nshould start from an initial stage as what they have done so far to manage the sea \n\nis part their habit (folkways).  \n\n2. The Bajo people have been exploited by the other parties or communities. This \n\nand their more and more complex daily needs have been responsible for their \n\ngetting powerless. In order to survive, they have used their set of local genius as \n\nthe socio cultural capital. However, their local genius which cannot be separated \n\nfrom mystical belief tend to be left behind. The globalization current which does \n\nnot believe in mystics, mythology and other irrational things has been responsible \n\nfor the extinction of their mystical local genius and its substances. In addition, the \n\ngrowth of population leading to the rise in economic needs has made them do \n\ntheir best to find easier ways of collecting money which tend to break their ascetic \n\nvalues.  \n\n3. Socio-culturally, they are fishermen which are different from the other \n\ncommunities. Such a difference can be seen from their mentality and living \n\norientation. As fishermen, who catch fish, they are faced with ecological situation \n\nand domain and it is difficult to control their products as their targets are the wild \n\nsea resources. In other words, their targets are not permanent in nature. This \n\nmeans that the amount of their products cannot be predicted, depending on the \n\nweather and the situation of the marine resources, especially fish. They consider \n\nthat managing the marine sources are their main job, although they know that this \n\nis a highly risky job as the sea is such an open accessible area that competition \n\namong fishermen frequently takes place. According to them, working as \n\nfishermen is not just a profession but has been the only way of life.  Therefore, the \n\nBejo people will always inherit the catching fish tradition to the next generation \n\nalthough such a profession is still marginalized.", "start_char_idx": 11086, "end_char_idx": 13481, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4ff6941d-fa34-4ba4-9548-e5b814e4a2e7": {"__data__": {"id_": "4ff6941d-fa34-4ba4-9548-e5b814e4a2e7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3631", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "954283b168ced45611963146601475f6e1c8beca3df82412ddaddd350352e82d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "181ede73-e1b1-43cd-8bf7-12efbbb4a698", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "2de842a597160ae0fd21bde5459d432fbe2a0db9aefcf65e6e0118f9e7cc0ee0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9136e2de-eb16-475c-9d6b-28959f960f50", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4725058d36219c7138f0ce9fddfcecbb8fbbd2872f1694848d48325b9d088efa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CONCLUSIONS OF THE STUDY  \n\n The conclusions of the study can be described as follows: \n\n1. One form of the local genius owned by the Bajo people living at Bungi Permai \n\nVillage which can be used as the socio cultural capital for empowering the \n\ncommunity is their traditional organization. It is used as the umbrella for \n\nprotecting their social activities and as the strategy to encounter the pressures \n\nresulting from the attempts made to fulfill their needs. Such a local organization is \n\nknown as the rarambanga or the social network by which they work together and \n\nhelp each other to fulfill their needs based on the philosophy of situlutulu (helping \n\neach other), sippatappa (trusting each other), sikaada (accepting one\u2019s advantages \n\nand disadvantages). The forms of the local genius which are used as the cultural \n\ncapital for empowering the Bajo people are: (1) indigenous knowledge; that is, the \n\nindigenous knowledge and skills inherited from their ancestors from generation to \n\ngeneration in the form of knowledge of natural phenomenon, marine biota \n\nenvironment, sea water environment, catching fish traditional technology, and life \n\nskills such as plaiting and fish processing; (2) the Bajo ethics can be seen from \n\ntheir philosophy, that is, \u201cPapu manak ita lino bake isi-isina kita naja manusiana \n\nmamikiria bhatinga kole\u2019na mangelonna\u201d. The meaning is that God has \n\nsubmitted the earth and what it contains to human beings. We are just supposed to \n\nthink about how to manage them. The Bajo people refer to four principles known \n\nas 4D when working. They are pindara wuto (Being Self Conscious), taami wuto \n\n(Self Endurance), parasaeya wuto (Self-esteem) and patappa wuto (Self \n\nconfidence). \n\n2. Based on what has been identified and interpreted as far as the local genius owned \n\nby the Bajo people is concerned, two strategies can be formulated to empower the \n\nBajo community. They are (1) the utilization of their indigenous knowledge as the \n\nstrategy of empowerment. In this strategy, their knowledge, local genius and \n\nnatural resources available in their geographical surrounding are used as the basic \n\ncapital for empowering them through guidance and training; (2) the function of \n\nrarambanga, as the traditional organization of the Bajo people, should be", "start_char_idx": 13489, "end_char_idx": 15795, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9136e2de-eb16-475c-9d6b-28959f960f50": {"__data__": {"id_": "9136e2de-eb16-475c-9d6b-28959f960f50", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3631", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "954283b168ced45611963146601475f6e1c8beca3df82412ddaddd350352e82d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4ff6941d-fa34-4ba4-9548-e5b814e4a2e7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "c4b5d73a3e2e7c21a2a8be9ecf66f091eb7e10b1a252ec4c0f724a3a56e2fc67", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3ba5fd87-9b71-4503-9a16-53dd0fb09e6e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e5e800df2652873bda015b1c9c879ca3106a01e08abed897dff4ae94d88ba2bf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "revitalized. What is meant by this strategy is that individuals are directed in such a \n\nway that they are involved in productive group activities. Then, the groups created \n\nare organized into a bigger group, which is expected to be the initial legal \n\nfinancial establishment in the village which may be in the form of either a \n\ncooperative or a village bank. \n\n3. The utilization of the local genius as the socio cultural capital for empowering the \n\nBajo ethnic group living in the coastal area is supported by several factors such as \n\n(1) availability of the marine resources and the coast around the area where they \n\nlive; (2) the local organizations and the other cultural values are still in existence \n\nin the Bajo community; (3) being supported by the government and community. \n\nApart from the supporting factors, there are also obstructing factors such as (1) \n\ncapitalistic economic transformation which has been taking place in the Bajo \n\nsocietal life  at Bajo Bungin Village; (2) there has been a  cultural collision \n\nbetween them and the mainland community; (3) their low quality human \n\nresources; (4) the policy applied by the government has been less accommodative. \n\nThe meanings of utilization of the local genius as the socio cultural capital for \n\nempowering the community are as follows. (1) Cultural preservation, that is, the \n\nBajo people have attempted to preserve their traditional culture and to maintain \n\ntheir traditional life in such a way that they serve as the collective identity of the \n\nBajo community; (2) Empowerment meaningfulness, that is, their position is \n\ndeveloped, made independent and strengthened so that they will be able to be \n\neconomically, socially and culturally independent. \n\n \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY   \n\nAnwar, 2007. Managemen Pemberdayaan Perempuan Nelayan Bajo. Bandung : \n\nAlfabeta. \n\n______, 2008. Asal Usul Persebaran Suku Bajo. Kendari: Unhalu Press.  \n\nArdika, I Wayan, 2007. \u201cKebudayaan Lokal, Multikultural dan Politik Identitas dalam \n\nRefleksi Hubungan Anteretnis antara Kearifan Lokal dengan Warga Cina di \n\nBali\u201d. Dalam: Jurnal Lembaga Kebudayaan UGM, Edisi Maret, Tahun 2007. \n\n\n\nBakker, Chris. 2004. Cultural Studies. (Tim Kreasi, Pentj). Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nHikmat, Harry, 2001. Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Bandung: HUP. \n\nHoed, Benny H, 2008. Semiotika dan Dinanima Sosial Budaya. Jakarta: FIB \u2013 UI. \n\nHudayana, Bambang, 2004. Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia: Meniti Jalan Keluar dari \n\nJebakan Ketidakberdayaan. Yogyakarta, IRE. \n\nParimarta, I Gde, 2006. \u201dPokok-Pokok Pikiran Kajian Budaya\u201d. Makalh Disampaikan \n\nPada Perkuliahan Pra Magister Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana. Denpasar: \n\ntidak diterbitkan. \n\n \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGMENTS \n\n  High appreciation is extended to the Rector of Udayana University, the Director \n\nof the School of Postgraduate Studies, the Head of the Doctorate Program in Cultural \n\nStudies of Udayana University for the facilities and opportunity provided to attend the \n\nDoctorate Program in Cultural Studies of Udayana University. Being highly indebtedness \n\nis also extended to the Supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A.; Co-supervisor I, \n\nProf. Dr. I Wayan Ardika,M.A.; Co-supervisor II, Prof. Dr. Aron Meko Mbete, for their \n\nsupervision and suggestions which have been highly helpful to the completion of this \n\ndissertation. Finally, many thanks also go to all the parties who have been involved in the \n\nprocess of this research.", "start_char_idx": 15800, "end_char_idx": 19257, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3ba5fd87-9b71-4503-9a16-53dd0fb09e6e": {"__data__": {"id_": "3ba5fd87-9b71-4503-9a16-53dd0fb09e6e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3633", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "28e4ebefd64965c49db04ed896d7c37dc18d223760ac6e74d19dee85072c1ee5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9136e2de-eb16-475c-9d6b-28959f960f50", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3631", "author": "Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron", "title": " LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3631.pdf"}, "hash": "d8c5eee72ca7d6b1f7848047a5ee570652e6660c3ca48aa406fb7990139f8a69", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "81f6b7b1-5cc7-4b03-bf64-f92befdbb221", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "520b67e0e6d921ee3adca1e10d24ed580a6d525dd25a2390daafcf24ae7c36eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-Journal Kebayantini\n\n\n 1\n\nCOMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG  \n(MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY)  \n\n  AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA  \nBANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY \n\n \n \n\nNi Luh Nyoman Kebayantini1, I Wayan Ardika2, \nI Gde Semadi Astra2, Emiliana Mariyah2 \n\n \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\nE-mail: s2kjbdyunud@yahoo.com \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n Cremation ceremony is a ritual performed by Bali-Hindu followers when someone dies. It \nis classified as a big ceremony for the reason that  it costs much money, labor and time. As \ncommunity members, the Bali Hindu followers are faced with so many problems that many \ncannot perform cremation ceremony conventionally. As a response to this condition, the \nsulinggih (priest) residing at Gerya Tamansari Lingga (Griya = a particular residence where the \npriest resides) has planned to produce the mutually-performed cremation ceremony. Basically, it \nis a practice of comodified cremation ceremony which is offered to be cheap, practical and to be \neasily performed. \n It is produced to obtain a profit. Therefore, every material and manpower involved are \ncommodities which have exchange values. As far as its production process is concerned, the \nconsumers and the object are made not to be related. The habitus, that is, the belief of Bali-Hindu \nfollowers that a cremation ceremony should be performed when someone dies, the cultural and \nsymbolic capitals in the forms of knowledge, status, and  authority and the legitimacy of the \npriest residing at Gerya Taman Sari Lingga, and the domain that they are not able to perform the \nconventional ceremony have led to the performance of the mutually-performed cremation \nceremony.  It has various meanings such as the meaning of intensification of religious values, the \nmeaning of tradition degradation, the meaning of egalitarian, the meaning of efficiency, the \nmeaning of welfare, the aesthetic meaning and the meaning of image. \n \nKeywords:  comodification, mutually-performed cremation ceremony, gerya (a particular place \n\nwhere the priest resides), sulinggih (the priest).", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2212, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "81f6b7b1-5cc7-4b03-bf64-f92befdbb221": {"__data__": {"id_": "81f6b7b1-5cc7-4b03-bf64-f92befdbb221", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3633", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "28e4ebefd64965c49db04ed896d7c37dc18d223760ac6e74d19dee85072c1ee5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3ba5fd87-9b71-4503-9a16-53dd0fb09e6e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "5ee1e1daa7b008d0fba5c3613edf84bb1a35a01d2883c6480353dd1f293bbd2f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b6c60591-cf49-4722-a27a-7f8147537f4b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c034774efe84680c68a39964bf2056d5965c16ffbbfdcb4557c9a5cc4665b413", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\n\nI  Introduction  \n \n What is frequently stated by the philosopher is that \u2018death is a real life\u2019.  Death does not \n\nonly mean that the soul leaves the body, but it is related to the socioreligious life of the human \n\nbeings who are left. In relation to that, the Bali Hindu followers give response to death by \n\nperforming cremation ceremony. Wita (Putrawan, 2008) states that cremation ceremony is a \n\nhighly heavy religious ritual as it costs much funds, time and labor.  \n\n Conventionally, there are several variants of names given to the cremation ceremony. The \n\nlevels how it is organized also vary. As space, time, way of thinking and the attitude of the people \n\nchange, a new and different way of organizing the cremation ceremony has been created which is \n\ntermed as ngaben gotong royong (the mutually- performed cremation ceremony). It is produced \n\nas a response to the condition that the people have been made differentiated by many things such \n\nas occupation, income, family size and residence, making them not able to perform the \n\nconventional ceremony. \n\n The mutually-performed cremation ceremony is a discourse produced by the sulinggih \n\n(the priest) residing at Gerya Tamansari Lingga as a way of conducting the cremation ceremony \n\ncheaply and collectively so that those coming from the lower class can afford it. It is produced, \n\nperformed and led by the sulinggih (the priest) residing at Gerya Tamansari Lingga. Whoever \n\nmay consume it provided he/she pays in accordance with the stipulation regulated. Based on what \n\nis stated by Pilliang (2004: 21), it can be stated that the mutually-performed cremation ceremony \n\nis a commodity as the other commodities, that is, it is produced for sale. Based on the background \n\ndescribed above, the problems formulated in this study are (1) what is the form of the \n\ncomodification of the ceremony mutually-performed at Gerya Tamansari Lingga, Banyuasri \n\nSubdistrict, Buleleng Regency?; (2) what factors have led to the comodification of the cremation \n\nceremony mutually performed at Gerya Tamansari, Banyuasri Subdistrict, Buleleng Regency?; \n\n(3) what are the meanings of the cremation ceremony mutually-performed at Banyuasri \n\nSubdistrict, Buleleng Regency? The theories employed for analyzing the problems are eclectical \n\nin nature, a way of critical thinking referring to the theory of comodification, the theory of \n\ndiscourse of power/knowledge, the theory of practice and the theory of deconstruction. \n\n This study is designed to use qualitative method with the approach of cultural studies. The \n\ndata used are the qualitative data in the form of narration and or expressions supported by \n\nquantitative data in the form of figures. The data were collected by observation, in-depth", "start_char_idx": 2220, "end_char_idx": 4989, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b6c60591-cf49-4722-a27a-7f8147537f4b": {"__data__": {"id_": "b6c60591-cf49-4722-a27a-7f8147537f4b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3633", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "28e4ebefd64965c49db04ed896d7c37dc18d223760ac6e74d19dee85072c1ee5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "81f6b7b1-5cc7-4b03-bf64-f92befdbb221", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "88bf4e6808d90b8e99a3f9eca83663e02e37163f5853547ceb5ec46e510ea3a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8fd8b0fb-b83c-4f81-abed-b6ea96de0047", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "75238b4cf5aadba5253f3f59ce6dc9dc69b8476ba10f9cdcf27170c2079ac725", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\ninterview, life-history, and documentary study. The data are descriptively, qualitatively and \n\ninterpretatively analyzed.  \n\n \n\nII Discussion  \n \n The results of this study can be explained in three main parts as follows. First, the form of \n\nthe comodification of the mutually-performed cremation ceremony can be seen from the \n\nproduction activity, the distribution activity and the consumption activity (Fairclough, 1995: 27). \n\nThe production activity refers to the activity of producing various things needed for the cremation \n\nceremony and involving many parties, which, if what is stated by Marx is referred to, is termed as \n\nproduction relationships (Pals, 2001: 217). Every object is a commodity which is produced for \n\nsale. Every production activity is performed with reference to how to organize labor based on \n\nresponsibilities and functions, detailed job description, and to the financial incentive as the \n\nmotivator.  This is similar to the scientific management introduced by F.W. Taylor (Barker, 2005: \n\n187). The workers work for wages as stated by Marx (Poespoewardojo, 1989: 167; Lee, 2006: \n\n182). The modern technology is applied to producing kajang and pengawak which are the sacred \n\nelements needed when the cremation ceremony is performed. The motives are human and \n\nmaterial productivity, work efficiency and rational order of life. In relation to that, Jaques Ellul \n\n(Poespowardojo, 1989: 88-89) states that it is such a community is termed as a technological \n\ncommunity. \n\n Distribution refers to the activity of introducing the mutually-performed ceremony in such \n\na way that it is getting exposed and inspires people to consume it. This activity is carried out \n\nthrough many ways such as dharma-wacana (preaches)  delivered at many villages around \n\nBuleleng regency; printed mass media such as brochures and books so that it can be widely \n\nspread; and oral communication within and outside the gerya.  \n\n As far as the consumption activity is concerned, it can be explained that the consumers of \n\nthe mutually-performed ceremony vary in regard to their origin, occupation, income, education \n\nand traditional social status in the community. The consumers are never involved in the \n\nproduction activity, meaning that they are not different from the other market consumers who just \n\ncome and consume what they buy. According to Pilliang (2004: 182), the relationship between \n\nthe subject and the object only takes place as the consumption relationship and extremely they are \n\ntermed as consumers par-excellence. With reference to what is stated by Raymond William \n\n(Pilliang, 1994: 34; Kasiyan, 2008: 188), they are termed as \u2018the users\u2019 rather than consumers as", "start_char_idx": 4995, "end_char_idx": 7707, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8fd8b0fb-b83c-4f81-abed-b6ea96de0047": {"__data__": {"id_": "8fd8b0fb-b83c-4f81-abed-b6ea96de0047", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3633", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "28e4ebefd64965c49db04ed896d7c37dc18d223760ac6e74d19dee85072c1ee5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b6c60591-cf49-4722-a27a-7f8147537f4b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "aa2a42bb6aafcdb568877a9b22c7bba896391a0f929cdb26e697db01ab9c3e1e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7956a50f-d804-42d3-9ec9-cf624913e634", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "82f5c359170976e69c330da4092ab69d471427e5b18433084c3ed104d422ad4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nthey consume the mutually-performed ceremony to fulfill their basic need as the pratisentana \n\n(descendants) to perform the cremation ceremony for their ancestors. Those who consume the \n\nmutually-performed cremation ceremony are labeled as those who are economically poor as they \n\nconsume the cremation ceremony which is simply packaged (nista) and collectively performed.  \n\nThis means that in the consumption process an identity is formed and collectiveness and \n\nsimplicity are communicated.  \n\n Second, there are three factors leading to the comodification of the mutually performed \n\ncremation ceremony. They are habitus which refers to the habit and the tendency of the Bali \n\nHindu people to always perform cremation ceremony when someone dies. In their cognitive \n\nstructure, the belief that a cremation ceremony is a ceremony of death, the symbol symbolizing \n\nthe purification of the soul, and the form of devotion to the parents/ancestors is maintained. \n\n The cultural and symbolic capitals, as the next factor, refer to the capital owned by the \n\nsulinggih (the priest) residing at Gerya Taman Sari Lingga in the forms of scientific and religious \n\nknowledge, status, legitimacy and authority which allow him to plan, produce and at the same \n\ntime to lead (muput) the mutually-performed cremation ceremony. By performing the mutually-\n\nperformed cremation ceremony, he can compete over, win and convert the other capitals such as \n\neconomic and symbolic capitals. \n\n The domain, as the last factor, refers to the development of social modernity, that is, the \n\nknowledge owned by the sulinggih (the priest) residing at Gerya Tamansari Lingga and the \n\ncharacteristic of the Buleleng community (the Singaraja community in particular) which has  \n\nbeen so accustomed to welcoming changes that the mutually-performed cremation ceremony is \n\naccepted. In addition, a number of individuals, having neither skill nor knowledge of making \n\nwhat is needed for the cremation ceremony, limited funds, time and labor, prefer performing the \n\ncremation ceremony mutually. The influence of market ideology cannot be neglected. The \n\nBalinese people tend to prefer buying what is needed for performing religious ceremonies to \n\nmaking it by themselves. If the wish to obtain a benefit is referred to rather than the \n\nintensification of spirituality when performing a religious ceremony, then the image of capitalism \n\ncannot be neglected. According to Boudieu (Fashri, 2007: 164), the globalization which is loaded \n\nwith neoliberalism, which assumes that everything can be traded for a benefit, has also been \n\nresponsible for this.  \n\n Third, the meanings of the comodification of the mutually-performed cremation ceremony \n\nvary, starting from the meaning of deepening religious values, that is, the consumers are grateful", "start_char_idx": 7713, "end_char_idx": 10544, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7956a50f-d804-42d3-9ec9-cf624913e634": {"__data__": {"id_": "7956a50f-d804-42d3-9ec9-cf624913e634", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3633", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "28e4ebefd64965c49db04ed896d7c37dc18d223760ac6e74d19dee85072c1ee5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8fd8b0fb-b83c-4f81-abed-b6ea96de0047", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "35dc6d294056b48eddcae6c32cafb45052b5d55893a647312eb293011b5d4c75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "757f170b-8377-4624-9535-df7e803c4f08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6cd6d7628ee85b4780bc9f4edf95d9a7a428bc03b75340539446217872630413", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\nthat they can perform, although differently (nista),  the cremation ceremony; the meaning of \n\ndegrading tradition, that is, there has been no exchange of labor  (ngupon/ngayahang) and foods \n\n(patus/isin sok); the meaning of egalitarian, that is, the recognition of being equal among the \n\nconsumers and the sulinggih; the meaning of efficiency, that is, being able to minimize the cost, \n\nlabor and time spent by both the consumers and producers; the meaning of welfare, that is, being \n\nable to absorb workforce and to give wages as well as to give religious knowledge; the aesthetic \n\nmeaning, which can be exemplified by the maperas ritual symbolizing the meeting of those who \n\nare dead and those who are still alive, in which mutual respect is shown in the form of kawangen \n\n(small offering) which can inspire the feeling of aesthetics and enjoyment (klangen) for those \n\nwho perform it and those who enjoy it; the meaning of image, that is, the mutually-performed \n\ncremation ceremony is simply packaged (nista) and is created for those who are economically \n\npoor and; as  a result, the priest residing at Gerya Tamansari Lingga is referred to as \u2018the fighter \n\nfighting for the poor\u2019 for the reason that the consumers who are economically poor are provided \n\nwith several facilities. \n\n There are four novelties as far as this study is concerned. The first novelty is that the \n\nmutually-performed cremation ceremony is one of the alternatives for performing the cremation \n\nceremony. The second novelty is that in the cremation ceremony mutually performed, the kajang \n\nand pangawak are produced using modern technology, that is, the technology of sablon (silk-\n\nscreening) for efficiency and effectiveness. The application of this technology shows that the \n\nBalinese people, in performing their religious rituals, pay more attention to what is produced than \n\nto the process. The next novelty, which is the third, is that the cemetery at Buleleng Traditional \n\nVillage has been comodified. What is meant is that every user of the cemetery should pay to the \n\nvillage, although it is part of the Pura Dalem (the temple where God Ciwa is worshipped) area \n\nwhich is considered sacred. The comodification of the cemetery shows its degradation and the \n\ndegradation of the kahyangan tiga (the three main temples in every traditional village in Bali) as \n\neverything is measured with money. The fourth, the last novelty, refers to the ownership of \n\ncultural capital and symbolic capital has caused the role of the priest residing at Gerya Tamansari \n\nLingga to become more complex. What is meant is that he does not only function as pangloka \n\npalasraya and guru loka, but also functions as a producer or an entrepreneur in religious rituals.", "start_char_idx": 10550, "end_char_idx": 13305, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "757f170b-8377-4624-9535-df7e803c4f08": {"__data__": {"id_": "757f170b-8377-4624-9535-df7e803c4f08", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3633", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "28e4ebefd64965c49db04ed896d7c37dc18d223760ac6e74d19dee85072c1ee5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7956a50f-d804-42d3-9ec9-cf624913e634", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "20fb904ca585b4ca02210c960f82d5b365c9601a50f450be151af693265beeb1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0d64141d-b3ca-45c0-8548-5d0b234b023a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ad5973d2ceaeee5897d08e7443b330b740a70729aabf88ebd34785020774f338", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\nIII. Closing  \n \n The comodification of the cremation ceremony performed mutually at Gerya Tamansari \n\nLingga includes the production, distribution and consumption activities. It is this which has \n\ncaused it, as part of the Hindu religious culture in Bali, to be treated as and considered the \n\ncommodity which can be traded for a benefit.  \n\n The cultural capital and the symbolic capital owned by the sulinggih (priest) residing at \n\nGerya Tamansari Lingga have been the important factor which has caused the comodification of \n\nthe cremation ceremony mutually performed to take place. By the cremation ceremony mutually \n\nperformed the sulinggih can acquire and convert the other capitals.   \n\n The meaning of image as a helpful fighter who struggles for the poor has been created \n\nthrough the symbolic strategy. This type of image is becoming important as a means of \n\npromotion to attract more consumers. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n This writing is part of the writer\u2019s dissertation. In this opportunity, the writer would like \n\nto highly thank and appreciate Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., as the Supervisor; Prof. Dr. I Gde \n\nSemadi Astra, as Cosupervisor I; and Prof. Dr. Emiliana Mariyah, M.S., as Cosupervisor II for \n\ntheir guidance, supervision and correction so that this dissertation can be completed in time. The \n\nwriter would also like to thank the Rector of Udayana University, Sp. P.D. (KHOM); the Director \n\nof the Postgraduate Program of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S. (K); \n\nVice Director I, Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, M.A.; and Vice Director II, Dr. I Ketut Susrusa, M.S., \n\nfor the opportunity and facilities provided to the writer when attending and completing the \n\nDoctorate Program at Udayana University. High appreciation is also extended to all the parties \n\nwho have helped the completion of this study.", "start_char_idx": 13314, "end_char_idx": 15171, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0d64141d-b3ca-45c0-8548-5d0b234b023a": {"__data__": {"id_": "0d64141d-b3ca-45c0-8548-5d0b234b023a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3641", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "hash": "2113873a90382d1b92bb291683678a6d9ee8944fd1c49bff76c2d706f306456a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "757f170b-8377-4624-9535-df7e803c4f08", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3633", "author": "Nyoman Kebayantini, Ni Luh; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Mariyah, Emiliana", "title": " COMODIFICATION OF NGABEN GOTONG ROYONG (MUTUALLY PERFORMED CREMATION CEREMONY) AT GERYA TAMAN SARI LINGGA BANYUASRI SUBDISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3633.pdf"}, "hash": "715690fecd8df9a4fd17ab30b778131b72fb1ddc52797904e7337a79aaf97daa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fa7d3496-7ad2-4e97-86f2-b053cad85747", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "156fc03d45e91ff951b43a34af6aba188eea9cea3dad58937d264766f83b617c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-journal Dewi Yuliana\n\n\nTRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE  \nINTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE \n\nAT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, \nTABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE \n\n \n \n\nEuis Dewi Yuliana1, I Wayan Ardika2,  \nI Gde Semadi Astra2, I Made Antara3 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n3Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University \n\nE-mail: dewiyuliana@yahoo.com \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n This dissertation discusses the transformation of modern agriculture into organic \nagriculture at Subak Wangaya Betan, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. \nThis study is conducted in the perspective of Cultural Studies and the problem is that the \ndark side of modern agriculture is getting visible. The chemical substances used in \nagriculture have turned out to result in many problems such as the damage of land \nquality, the continuous decrease in plant productivity and environment, the \nmarginalization of farmers. Therefore, many farmers have been aware and have \ntransformed into ecologically organic agriculture as what has taken place at Subak \nWangaya Betan. The farmers have transformed from modern agriculture into organic \nagriculture. However, the process of the transformation has left many problems; \ntherefore, a deep study is necessarily conducted to answer various existing questions. \n The problems in this study are formulated in three basic questions such as \nfollows. First, how has the process of the transformation from modern agriculture into \norganic agriculture taken place at Subak Wangaya Betan? Second, why has the \ntransformation from modern agriculture into organic agriculture taken place? Third, what \nare the implications and meanings of the transformation from modern agriculture into \norganic agriculture at Subak Wangaya Betan? In general, this study aims at identifying \nand comprehending more clearly the transformation from modern agriculture into organic \nagriculture taking place at Betan Wangaya Subak.  \n This research was conducted using qualitative method with multidisciplinary \napproach in accordance with the paradigm of cultural studies. In the first stage, primary \nand secondary data were collected. In the second stage, theories were selected for \nanalyzing the data. Several critical theories such as the theory of Discourse of Power and \nKnowledge, the theory of Hegemony and the theory of Deconstruction, which are eclectic \nin nature, were decided to select for analyzing the data. In this third stage, the selected \ndata were analyzed and interpreted. In the fourth stage, the results were constructed and \nreported. \n\n\n\n Based on the analysis conducted, three findings could be reported. First, \nagricultural transformation has taken place at Subak Wangaya Betan, from agrochemical-\nbased modern agriculture in which inorganic, chemical pesticide and hybrid varieties are \nused into organic agriculture in which no chemical substances are used. The agricultural \ntransformation has not been suddenly conducted; it has been a planned process, has been \nconducted through a highly systematic mechanism with many stages and has consumed a \nlot of time and needed in-depth studies. Second, many factors have led to the agricultural \ntransformation taking place at Subak Wangaya Betan. They are external factors such as \npolitical, economic, social, cultural and ecological aspects and internal factors such as the \nnegative side of green revolution implementation, natural resources, cooperative farmers, \nand adherent farmers. They are all equally strong and synergize in encouraging and \naccelerating the agricultural transformation. Third, it turns out that the agricultural \ntransformation taking place at Subak Wangaya Betan has several implications and \nmeanings. The implications are that the ideology adhered to by the farmers has changed, \nthe establishment of new institutions, an increase in the farmers\u2019 income, improved rice \nfield ecosystem and environment. The meanings of organic agriculture are spiritual \nmeaning, empowerment meaning and welfare meaning. \n \nKeywords:  agricultural transformation, modern agriculture, organic agriculture,     \n\nSubak Wangaya Betan.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4250, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fa7d3496-7ad2-4e97-86f2-b053cad85747": {"__data__": {"id_": "fa7d3496-7ad2-4e97-86f2-b053cad85747", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3641", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "hash": "2113873a90382d1b92bb291683678a6d9ee8944fd1c49bff76c2d706f306456a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0d64141d-b3ca-45c0-8548-5d0b234b023a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "hash": "c5214fafc1780935e2fd1b4a8542684a39a7cb9c01213e69d6f8ff9951e73c28", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7af10858-de31-4b43-8276-230faa430691", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d29d00ce492fdbf62db4c66b9004200e6bd210417bd1e3e57a6ee3999466fa17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "BACKGROUND  \n The multinational capitalist has created a single agricultural system through \nhighly established monopoly practices. The capitalist has been able to make farmers \ntransform the agricultural system which they had applied for hundreds of years, that is, \nthe ecological agricultural system which was environmentally friendly into modern \nagricultural era known as \u201cgreen revolution\u201d. \n Initially, the green revolution (the modern agriculture) directly contributed to the \nspectacular development of agricultural products. However, the dark side of such modern \ntechnology is immediately visible. Now it has been clear that the modern technology does \nnot help the farmers. Millions of them keep being marginalized and hungry. The quality \nof the land they cultivate and their environment is degrading. In this case, the modern \nagriculture benefits the corporation of petrochemical capitalist. The capitalist has created \na pseudo- state of being established and manipulated the farmers in such a way that they \nuse more and more chemical substances leading to a multibillion dollar business.  \n The decrease in land quality and productivity of almost all types of plants \nundertaken has been visible since 1990s. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in \nlarge quantities have changed the whole agricultural order and marginalized the \ntraditional knowledge and local genius which have developed in accordance with the \nlocal culture. Furthermore, the traditional knowledge and local genius have been left and \nneglected. \n However, many farmers have been aware of the dangers of the modern agriculture \nand have transformed into the organic ecologic method. Such a transformation has taken \nplace at Subak Wangaya Betan. The farmers have transformed from the modern \nagriculture into the organic agriculture.  \n Subak Wangaya Betan is one of the subaks (farmers\u2019 traditional organization) \nwhich is located at Dusun Wangaya Betan, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, Bali \nProvince. The agricultural transformation at Subak Wangaya Betan has been massively \nconducted since 2006. Great attempts should be made as it does not involve transfer of \nideology but also transfer of technology, knowledge, wilingness, ability, braveness and \neven capital and target market. How the farmers at Subak Wangaya Betan have invested \nin the initial stage of transformation and how responsive they are to conducting the \ntransformation are interesting phenomena.  \n The agricultural transformation at Subak Wangaya Betan has been directed to the \ntransformation of the subsystem of material infrastructure such as the transformation in \nthe technique of plant cultivation. The question is whether this transformation has \ninvolved the other subsystems in addition to the material subsystem. \n This research aims at identifying and comprehending more clearly the \ntransformation from the modern agriculture into the organic agriculture. It tries to answer \nthe problems which are formulated in three basic questions as follows. (1) How has the \nprocess of transformation from the modern agriculture into the organic agriculture taken \nplace at Subak Wangaya Betan? (2) Why the transformation from the modern agriculture \ninto the organic agriculture has taken place at Subak Wangaya Betan? (3) What are the \nimplications and meanings of the transformation from the modern agriculture into the \norganic agriculture at Subak Wangaya Betan?", "start_char_idx": 4259, "end_char_idx": 7704, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7af10858-de31-4b43-8276-230faa430691": {"__data__": {"id_": "7af10858-de31-4b43-8276-230faa430691", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3641", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "hash": "2113873a90382d1b92bb291683678a6d9ee8944fd1c49bff76c2d706f306456a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fa7d3496-7ad2-4e97-86f2-b053cad85747", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "hash": "5cd648f4956be6b4216088ba0255865074d9904cd1b5c4bb77e874365598a180", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7d6b85aa-a0a0-48c9-ab75-19cec5531aa9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d522c6beecc0ee56c0d800a7a73fe30fe40c5141e020fbfbed4c5fdcb9d5fc6e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "MATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n  Qualitative method is employed in this study in which the transformation from \nthe modern agriculture into the organic agriculture at Subak Wangaya Betan, Penebel \nDistrict, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province is discussed. First, the data on the general \npicture of the location where the research was conducted were collected and the \ntransformation from the modern culture into the organic culture taking place at Subak \nWangaya Betan (where the research was conducted) was observed. Second, the theories \nused for analyzing the existing problems were selected. The theories used are the theory \nof Discourse of Power and Knowledge, the theory of Hegemony, and the theory of \nDeconstruction. Third, the data collected were analyzed and interpreted. Four, the results \nwere reported. \n \nFINDINGS  \n First, the agricultural transformation conducted by the farmers at Subak Wangaya \nBetan cannot be separated from the hegemony applied both by the government and the \ncooperative farmers over the farmers. The mastery of the government (the PPL of BPTP \nof Bali Province) and the cooperative farmers of knowledge has made them able to \nhegemonize the farmers to apply the organic agriculture without being pressured and \nfeeling pressured.  \n Second, the incentive provided by the government to the farmers and the subak \nleadership strength have contributed to the agricultural transformation taking place at \nSubak Wangaya Betan. The strong influence of leadership, especially the leadership \ncontrolled by the cooperative pioneer farmers who have economic, social and cultural \n(intellectual) capitals has been able to encourage the agricultural transformation taking \nplace at that subak. In addition, the free  incentive in the form of agricultural production \nfacilities  provided by the government, which has social and cultural capitals apart from \neconomic capital, has also contributed to the transformation.. \n Third, the agricultural transformation taking place at the location where the \nresearch was conducted reflects the success in changing agricultural ideology from the \nmodern agriculture, which is deemed less beneficial, into the organic agriculture, which \nis dreamed of by every farmer who cares about the importance of health, environmental \nfriendliness, benefit and sustainability. The organic agriculture is meant to provide \nsomeone with image; if he/she consumes organic product, he/she will have confidence, \nhis/her prestige will enhance. In addition, the organic products are safe to consume, have \nhigh quality and are healthy. \n \nCONCLUSIONS \n First, agricultural transformation has taken place at Subak Wangaya Betan, from \nagrochemical - based modern agriculture in which inorganic fertilizers, chemical \npesticides and hybrid varieties are used into organic agriculture in which no chemical \nsubstance is used. Such an agricultural transformation has not taken place suddenly but it \nhas been conducted through a planned process with a highly systemic mechanism \ninvolving many stages which need a lot of time and thorough studies. Second, many \nfactors such as external ones which include political, economic, social, cultural and \necological aspects and internal factors which include the negative side of green revolution \nimplementation, natural resources, cooperative farmers and inherent farmers have", "start_char_idx": 7711, "end_char_idx": 11075, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7d6b85aa-a0a0-48c9-ab75-19cec5531aa9": {"__data__": {"id_": "7d6b85aa-a0a0-48c9-ab75-19cec5531aa9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3641", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "hash": "2113873a90382d1b92bb291683678a6d9ee8944fd1c49bff76c2d706f306456a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7af10858-de31-4b43-8276-230faa430691", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "hash": "477c17eccb20aa805c5d86defe8d7ad99d270fe0bc9f98c3705c2280e256c639", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3fc6497e-2f01-4f8f-9e26-a014689dbb98", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "02d0492edb81da7bd3e90518d846f326b97aebda3d9577918c225342c74f02d7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "contributed to the agricultural transformation taking place at Subak Wangaya Betan. \nThey are equally strong and synergize to encourage and accelerate the agricultural \ntransformation. Third, it turns out that the agricultural transformation taking place at \nSubak Wangaya Betan has implications and meanings. Its implications are the change in \nthe ideology adhered to by the farmers, the establishment of new institutions, an increase \nin the farmers\u2019 income, improved rice field ecosystem and improved environment. The \norganic agriculture has spiritual meaning, empowerment meaning and welfare meaning. \n \nACKNOWLEDGMENTS  \n High appreciation is extended to the Rector of Udayana University and the \nDirector of Postgraduate Studies of Udayana University for the opportunity and facilities \nprovided to attend the Doctorate Program (S3) in Cultural Studies of Udayana University. \nHigh indebtedness is also extended to Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., as the Supervisor, \nProf. Dr. I Gde Semadi Astra, as Co-supervisor I, and Prof. Dr. Ir. I Made Antara, as Co-\nsupervisor II for their invaluable guidance and suggestions which are helpful to the \nwriting of this dissertation. Finally, many thanks are also extended  to all the parties who \nhave been involved in the process of this research.", "start_char_idx": 11080, "end_char_idx": 12376, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3fc6497e-2f01-4f8f-9e26-a014689dbb98": {"__data__": {"id_": "3fc6497e-2f01-4f8f-9e26-a014689dbb98", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3643", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "317f071311a30e1e038791f043765a295ffe87c0632014962e2bcbb15b95ce34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7d6b85aa-a0a0-48c9-ab75-19cec5531aa9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3641", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3641.pdf"}, "hash": "c9e081da49060158edfa999eb39537f3af38774eb4bb2605926559160d151acb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3e16cf81-3b01-4452-82d7-8d4181bf3cf3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9917eae125b654964c1a67d100408a2c00ce6025afaf7233b79e605798e120d1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY\n\n\n1\n\nRELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI:\nUNITY IN DIVERSITY\n\nDiane Carol Butler1\n\nI Wayan Ardika2, Edi Sedyawati3, I Gde Parimartha2\n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University\n2Doctoral Program in Cultural Studies, Faculty of Letters, Udayana University\n\n3Doctoral Program in Cultural Sciences, Faculty of Letters, University of Indonesia, Depok\nE-mail: dianecarolbutler@gmail.com\n\nABSTRACT\n\nAt the dawn of this third millennium, growing numbers of forums worldwide are\nfocused on the issue of how to sustain the diversity of the nature and of cultures for the\nwell-being of the Earth and humanity. Concurrently, intercultural and interreligious dialogue\nis deemed essential for social cohesion. This dissertation advances the contributions of\nreligiosity in art through a qualitative reflective account and chronicle of the art and dialogues\noffered by people of diverse cultures and faiths from 1999 to 2004 during Sharing Art &\nReligiosity in the vicinity of Pura Samuan Tiga in Bedulu, Bali and Sharing Art Ocean\u2013\nMountain at the seacoast village of Tejakula, North Bali; seen in tandem with creative\ntransformations that occurred through Sharing Art in and with other cultural environments of\nthe world.\n\nMethodologically this study stemmed from and demonstrates the merits of public\nparticipatory practice-based art programs whereby activities are conceived by and\nimplemented with the people of a locale. Participants generated the data and interpretations\nvia mutual cooperation, dialogue, and creative praxis. The Balinese principle of Tri Hita\nKarana, that aims toward a harmonious human-nature-God/Source of Life relationship in\naccord with the place-time-conditions, provided a holistic perspective to analyze and derive\nmeaning from the results.\n\nFindings indicate sharing in the arts, religiosity, and nature fosters a common field\nsuch that traditional and modern cultures can study and engage in creative dialogue together.\nMoreover, interreligious innovations that have continued to develop since the seminal\ndeliberation of reconciliation between Bali Aga, \u00c7iwaist, and Buddhist faith groups at\nSamuan Tiga circa CE 989 to 1011 and intercultural egalitarian innovations since the\nseventeenth century dialogue of indigenous and migrant mountain and maritime cultures in\nTejakula \u2013 constitute a model for furthering bhinneka tunggal ika unity in diversity in the\nworld today.\n\nRecommendations outline how the findings can be used for cooperative exchanges\nbetween villages and between villages and cities of diverse regions and countries to support\ninterculture in cultural environments. Appendices provide two video compact discs; seventy-\nnine reflective essays by artists, religious/spiritual leaders, scholars, and educators from\nacross the world; and nine transcriptions of initial public dialogues.\n\nKEYWORDS: religiosity in art; local genius; intercultural and interreligious creativity;\ninterculture in cultural environments; tri hita karana; unity in diversity; bhinneka tunggal ika;\nSamuan Tiga; Tejakula; Bali; Indonesia; Sharing Art; Pasamuan Seni; Srawung Seni;\nparticipatory practice-based methods", "start_char_idx": 40, "end_char_idx": 3276, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3e16cf81-3b01-4452-82d7-8d4181bf3cf3": {"__data__": {"id_": "3e16cf81-3b01-4452-82d7-8d4181bf3cf3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3643", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "317f071311a30e1e038791f043765a295ffe87c0632014962e2bcbb15b95ce34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3fc6497e-2f01-4f8f-9e26-a014689dbb98", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "e40ad42de98c7e58149ba509f1f4bf9ae5959971c2d7c9b3f8024a46a644b155", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6071b63b-3ac1-4b40-86de-90fed812b239", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "10d552cd6e821ad6cecf2661d29e8a601ebdc5e7261e4d28aa4a61a4a00021dc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\n\nIntroduction\n\nAt the dawn of this third millennium, growing numbers of forums worldwide are\n\nfocused on the issue of how to sustain the diversity of the nature and of cultures for the well-\n\nbeing of the Earth and humanity. Concurrently, intercultural and interreligious dialogue is\n\ndeemed essential for social cohesion. In light of these efforts it can be beneficial to ask what\n\nis the contribution of religiosity in art? For many people across the world art is a medium of\n\noffering to renew the accord between humankind, nature, and God/the Source of Life. As each\n\nplace, time, and condition invokes distinct means \u2013 artforms are also unique. While religiosity\n\n(a feeling of reverence for the limitless nature of God) has inspired art in every era; discussions\n\non how both traditional and modern creative practices enrich the tangible and intangible aspects\n\nof cultural environments and can support a common field for intercultural creativity are rare.\n\nThis dissertation advances the contributions of religiosity in art in a growing body of\n\nliterature on intercultural and interreligious dialogue and education through a qualitative\n\nreflective account and chronicle of the art and dialogues offered by people of diverse cultures\n\nand faiths from 1999 to 2004 during Sharing Art & Religiosity in the vicinity of Pura Samuan\n\nTiga in Bedulu, Bali and Sharing Art Ocean\u2013Mountain at the seacoast village of Tejakula,\n\nNorth Bali; seen in tandem with creative transformations that occurred through Sharing Art in\n\nand with other cultural environments of the world.\n\nSamuan Tiga\u2019s local genius is notably interreligious; demonstrated in the seminal\n\ndeliberation of reconciliation between Bali Aga, \u00c7iwaist, and Buddhist faith groups from circa\n\nCE 989 to 1011 that resulted in the formulation of the Bali Hindu three village temples system\n\nwhile ritual arts still evolve according to each village\u2019s customs. Tejakula\u2019s local genius is\n\nnotably intercultural; demonstrated in the seventeenth century dialogue among the Bali Mula\n\naborigines with migrant mountain and maritime cultures that resulted in the creation of an\n\nintercultural coastal temple, a reconciliation among castes, and new ritual arts. Yet, Samuan\n\nTiga and Tejakula, Bali not only gave birth to interreligious and intercultural creativity\n\ncenturies ago. Beginning in 1999, in the context of Sharing Art / Pasamuan Seni, local and\n\nvisiting youth, adults, and elders; accomplished and developing artists, religious/spiritual\n\nleaders, and scholars from Bedulu, Tejakula, and villages and cities of Bali; Central, East, and\n\nWest Java; South and Central Sulawesi; Sumatra, and Kalimantan, Indonesia; South-Eastern\n\nand Eastern Asia, Oceania, Europe; Northern, Central, and South America shared, studied, and\n\ncreated varied approaches to religiosity in art. Of particular significance is that although people\n\nhad diverse perceptions, understandings, and practices of religiosity in art \u2013 they could also\n\ncreate together.", "start_char_idx": 3280, "end_char_idx": 6280, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6071b63b-3ac1-4b40-86de-90fed812b239": {"__data__": {"id_": "6071b63b-3ac1-4b40-86de-90fed812b239", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3643", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "317f071311a30e1e038791f043765a295ffe87c0632014962e2bcbb15b95ce34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3e16cf81-3b01-4452-82d7-8d4181bf3cf3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "1faa752f0f3436cb0ecec9c3b5055b9e216645b2a46f28541c0f532ff285b694", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3a925256-4e47-4008-a5c1-69cac1c2d55c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "393c495883021ef004c058f0afd85093a1210886b0e6e7443a03cc53bb81558b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\nTo convey the practical and ideological merits, this study looked back at the results via\n\nthree main questions: 1) What can be learned about the meaning and role of religiosity in art\n\nthrough the dialogue of people from diverse fields, cultures, and faiths? 2) What are some of\n\nthe ways in which religiosity is a source for both traditional and modern creative practices?\n\nand 3) How, then, does sharing in the arts, religiosity, and nature support interculture in\n\ncultural environments?\n\nResearch Method\n\nMethodologically this study stemmed from and demonstrates the merits of public\n\nparticipatory practice-based art programs whereby activities are conceived by and implemented\n\nwith the people of a locale. Participants generated the data and interpretations via mutual\n\ncooperation, dialogue, and creative praxis. The Balinese principle of Tri Hita Karana, that aims\n\ntoward a harmonious human-nature-God/Source of Life relationship in accord with the place-\n\ntime-conditions, provided a holistic perspective to analyze and derive meaning from the results.\n\nResults\n\nAn analytic description of the results of Sharing Art / Pasamuan Seni is presented\n\nthrough three views: 1) Art offerings rooted in singular cultural traditions, art emerging from\n\ncollaborative dialogue among traditions, and art in which people from multiple cultures, each\n\nin their respective tradition, co-created new offerings. 2) Widening the scope to show the\n\nprogression of Sharing Art in other regions of Indonesia and regions of the world from the\n\nperspective of the place, times, and conditions. 3) Portraying creative transformations and a\n\ncreative synergy among people from traditional and modern cultures and diverse faiths\n\nactualized as art embodying bhinneka tunggal ika unity in diversity.\n\nDiscussion\n\nThe dialogues evidence that although people\u2019s reflections differed in worldview and\n\nterminology each address the contributions of religiosity in art for socio-environmental-religio\n\nwell-being; hence, echoing the principle of Tri Hita Karana. Also, that the wisdom of eka-\n\naneka / one-many in dialogue can be a fertile ground from which new shared understandings\n\nof religiosity can be deepened.\n\nThe art offered by individuals and groups from villages and cities of Bali; other\n\nIndonesian provinces, and countries show that religiosity has inspired a myriad of art genres.\n\nClearly the vertical dimension is at the core of customary ceremonial and ritual arts. Yet it is\n\nalso a source for traditional artists practicing inherited artforms, evolving new approaches to", "start_char_idx": 6284, "end_char_idx": 8857, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3a925256-4e47-4008-a5c1-69cac1c2d55c": {"__data__": {"id_": "3a925256-4e47-4008-a5c1-69cac1c2d55c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3643", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "317f071311a30e1e038791f043765a295ffe87c0632014962e2bcbb15b95ce34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6071b63b-3ac1-4b40-86de-90fed812b239", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "368e02b552884a2da5dc6a4b7d29d33edf16e923711541c4d40bc0200da02031", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c786a6fe-7e9e-45cc-9f4c-07d4111bed36", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "77724343d7600bd7dc2b5c3922ec9795494599cddde35486f8f8277439298e19", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nthem, or working in modern artforms stemming from their cultural traditions as well as\n\nmodern artists working in tradition-inspired forms or exploring the connection of the arts and\n\nreligiosity in new genres. So too, it has inspired the creative process of people whose feeling\n\nof religiosity is associated with a religion and for those who do not identify themselves with a\n\nspecific religious tradition or faith group. It is also interesting that the human-nature\n\nrelationship in art praxis is prevalent in many of the art offerings, while the landscape and\n\nelements were often a link for creative collaborations.\n\nCreative transformations that occurred through the millennium Sesaji Gong Samuan\n\nTiga followed by Ritual Kalahayu circulating the world; Collaboration Asia-Europe in Art\n\nand Environment 2000 RONG in Tejakula; Sharing Art & Religiosity in Assisi, Italy; Celebration\n\nEthnic Art in Time at Xochicalco, Mexico; Art Human Nature in the coastal Redwood Forest\n\nof California; other programs in Indonesia and regions of the world, Infinite Humanity: World\n\nReligions & Art for Peace and Respect of Life opening 21 December 2001 at 12 noon in the\n\nUnited Nations Meditation Room followed by interreligious art and prayer circulating the\n\nWorld Trade Center site in cooperation with parallel programs in thirty-five villages and cities\n\nworldwide; the creation of Barong Pa-Hayu Buwana / World Peace Barong at Samuan Tiga\n\ninitially adorned with materials gifted by fifty-six individuals/societies of twenty-three\n\nnations; and the new intercultural ritual dance Tri Yoni Saraswati presented at the Universal\n\nForum of Cultures in Barcelona for the 2004 Parliament of the World\u2019s Religions \u2013 evidence\n\nthat people can and do create both traditional and modern art offerings based upon their\n\ncultural roots, sense of community, connection to the nature, and feeling of religiosity in a\n\nvariety of contexts together with people of other cultures and faiths. The implication is that\n\nthe emergence of a common field for intercultural creativity came about through their mutual\n\nengagement in the arts and religiosity. Also, the genius loci and local genius of a place can be\n\na source of creative inspiration and spiritual meaningfulness for people from diverse cultures\n\nand faiths. In this way the interreligious spirit of Samuan Tiga and intercultural spirit of\n\nTejakula, Bali are far-reaching and have continued to be catalysts for creativity.\n\nConclusions\n\nDialogue among cultures and faiths via religiosity in art, of course, is not a new idea.\n\nHowever, the reconciliation process 1,000 years ago at Samuan Tiga resulted in a unique and\n\nperhaps pioneering paradigm. That being a deliberation whereby ethnic faith groups and three\n\nreligions, each with their beliefs and means, co-created new socio-cultural-religio forms to\n\ninclude the diversity of their offerings and a three village temples system in which ritual arts", "start_char_idx": 8861, "end_char_idx": 11809, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c786a6fe-7e9e-45cc-9f4c-07d4111bed36": {"__data__": {"id_": "c786a6fe-7e9e-45cc-9f4c-07d4111bed36", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3643", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "317f071311a30e1e038791f043765a295ffe87c0632014962e2bcbb15b95ce34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3a925256-4e47-4008-a5c1-69cac1c2d55c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "aee4d6a907980d2ff0b316621c9af9a2023e207164b124c44da41722c2c9b05c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e9687466-1a36-40c8-b38f-1cf3e1e49365", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9a19daf40f43113110ae0453366774e755c91b5567ba09a3e867fbaf5cbe76d9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\nalso developed according to each village\u2019s customs and manners. Then in Tejakula, in the\n\nseventeenth century, indigenous and migrant mountain and maritime cultures laid aside their\n\nsocial statuses and co-created an intercultural coastal temple and new ritual arts. As both are\n\nliving cultural environments still embodying these values, we may thus conclude that the\n\ninterreligious and intercultural creative paradigm of Samuan Tiga and Tejakula, Bali is a\n\nmodel for furthering bhinneka tunggal ika unity in diversity in the world today.\n\nKey international guiding documents such as The Assisi Declarations: Messages on\n\nMan & Nature from Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam & Judaism (1986), UNESCO\u2019s\n\n\u201cDeclaration on the Role of Religion in the Promotion of a Culture of Peace\u201d (1994) and\n\n\u201cUniversal Declaration on Cultural Diversity\u201d (2001), Parliament of the World\u2019s Religions\n\n\u201cTowards a Global Ethic\u201d (1993), and Millennium World Peace Summit of Religious and\n\nSpiritual Leader\u2019s \u201cCommitment to Global Peace\u201d presented at the United Nations (2000) have\n\nhighlighted the need for concrete practical steps to enhance mutual respect and exchanges\n\nbetween people of different cultures, traditions, and beliefs to ensure social cohesion,\n\nenvironmental sustainability, prosperity, and peace on the Earth.\n\nSharing in the arts, religiosity, and nature contributes to all of these aspects of life and\n\nis how people in places and circumstances of ethno-cultural, spiritual, and linguistic diversity\n\nhave mutually exchanged wisdom and skillful means and been able to engage in creativity\n\ntogether since the beginning of human history. In this era, as the world grows more complex\n\ndue to the increasing speed of modernization, cultural and environmental changes, and cross-\n\ncultural interactions hastened by the movement of people between rural and urban areas,\n\nregions, and continents; this study offers evidence that art in connection with religiosity and the\n\nnature is also how East, West, South, North cultures and particularly traditional and modern\n\nsocieties can mutually share, study, and interact interculturally through varied disciplines with\n\nthe value of unity in diversity \u2013 thereby contributing to the enrichment, natural\n\ntransformation, and longevity of cultural environments.\n\nRecommendations\n\nIn view of the above, the programs documented in tables 1, 2, 3, and videos of appendix\n\nA, and insights in the reflective essays by participants of Sharing Art and associated programs\n\ncontributed for appendix B and in the dialogues of appendix C constitute a ground for future\n\ncooperative activities in the theme of sharing in the arts, religiosity, and nature to support\n\ninterculture in cultural environments. This recommendation stems from an awareness that:", "start_char_idx": 11813, "end_char_idx": 14605, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e9687466-1a36-40c8-b38f-1cf3e1e49365": {"__data__": {"id_": "e9687466-1a36-40c8-b38f-1cf3e1e49365", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3643", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "317f071311a30e1e038791f043765a295ffe87c0632014962e2bcbb15b95ce34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c786a6fe-7e9e-45cc-9f4c-07d4111bed36", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "b1f1d1e51a5e722cf9af7da7e79e646ccff91d000b7ca630a3cf5c8153fd66c1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f919d0e5-d303-41e4-a99f-9c0ad907709b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dbb42b2a514542f0b5f0f76310a60436472b40b1a7c1e003eaa19f603c288824", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\n1. The language of art is a primary gauge of cultural diversity; embodying the variety of\n\nworldviews and spatial-temporal kinesthetic cultural and spiritual values and knowledges,\n\nand innumerable creative practices of humankind in relation to the nature of each place,\n\ntime, and conditions, and;\n\n2. To enrich the tangible and intangible aspects of cultural environments and ecological well-\n\nbeing of the natural world, it is vital that culture-specific traditional knowledges and creative\n\npractices can continue to be innovative and dynamic; and it is vital that East, West, South,\n\nNorth cultures and particularly Traditional and Modern societies can mutually share, study,\n\nand interact interculturally through varied disciplines with the value of unity in diversity.\n\nThe participatory practice-based approach to interculture in cultural environments\n\npresented throughout this study indicates that sustained genuine intercultural creative dialogue\n\ncan be more fully supported by:\n\n3. Continuing to conduct the public Sharing Art programs cited in this study; which can also\n\nserve as models for new cooperative initiatives to support exchanges between villages and\n\nbetween villages and cities of diverse regions and countries.\n\n4. Cultivating intercultural art gardens that reflect the genius loci of a cultural environment as\n\ncultural educational facilities where the synergy of traditional and modern cultures and\n\ndiverse faiths\u2019 creativity can flourish together.\n\n5. Developing a dialogue of informal and formal education based on the contribution of the\n\narts & religiosity for the world\u2019s living environment, life-long learning, the sustainable\n\ntransformation of diverse cultural environments, and a culture of peace; which in time can\n\nserve as a basis for on-going curriculum to form an accredited school dedicated to the\n\nfield of intercultural and interreligious dialogue and creativity.\n\n6. Nourishing growth based on traditional market spiritual capital whereby mutual cooperation\n\nand the exchange of materials in daily life is aligned with the cycles of the nature and\n\nspiritual life of a community; such that the manner of life is for the earth\u2019s prosperity and\n\nhumanity\u2019s well-being as a path toward enlightenment.\n\nThe author hopes that this re-presentation of religiosity in art inspired by Samuan Tiga\n\nand Tejakula, Bali and the wider scope of Sharing Art in other regions of Indonesia and of the\n\nworld will generate further sharing, dialogue, and creativity among people of diverse cultures\n\nand faiths and the blossoming of many intercultural art gardens to foster bhinneka tunggal ika\n\nunity in diversity in the world for the benefit of infinite humanity and the Earth.\n\n\n\n7\n\nREFERENCES\nArdika, I. W. and Bellwood, P. 1991. \u201cSembiran: the Beginnings of Indian Contact with Bali\u201d.\n\nAntiquity 65, pp. 221\u2013232.\nAstra, I Gde Semadi. 1998. \u201cLembaga Pemerintahan Tingkat Pusat pada massa\n\nGunapriyadharmapatni-Dharmodayana Warmadewa\u201d. Paper presented at Diskusi Ilmiah\nArkeologi XI, Denpasar, 20 Juni. Published in Jurnal Humaniora, Vol. XIV, no. 2/2002.\nYogyakarta, Universitas Gadjah Mada.\nhttp://i-lib.ugm.ac.id/jurnal/download.php?dataId=2222 (Accessed 25 May 2007.)\n\nBagus, I Gusti Ngurah. 2001. \u201cAplikasi Pola Ilmiah Pokok Kebudayaan di Universitas Udayana\ndan Prospeknya di Tengah Perubahan Paradigma Ilmu\u201d. Paper presented for\nPostgraduate Studies program, Universitas Udayana, 31 August. Published in Bagus, I\nGusti Ngurah. 2004. Mengkritis Peradaban Hegemonik. I Gede Mudana (ed.). Denpasar,\nKajian Budaya Universitas Udayana, ch. 13.\n\nButler, Diane. 2003. \u201cCelebrating World Ethnic Art In Time\u201d. The Jakarta Post. June 10. 2nd\nimpr., Impressions: International Magazine of Sharing Movement, No. 9. Sharing\nMovement, 2005.\n\nButler, Diane and Suryodarmo, Suprapto. 2001.", "start_char_idx": 14609, "end_char_idx": 18425, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f919d0e5-d303-41e4-a99f-9c0ad907709b": {"__data__": {"id_": "f919d0e5-d303-41e4-a99f-9c0ad907709b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3643", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "317f071311a30e1e038791f043765a295ffe87c0632014962e2bcbb15b95ce34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e9687466-1a36-40c8-b38f-1cf3e1e49365", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "99daf7b39d522bcaa1c88bf2fbe764f31018a8fd814d4483a1cf2ede10c46229", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8f3b4294-e589-4236-9893-bc80883940e6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d9ac023b06d9df2bb950405edf91f2b36025ed143c63a30f124b180c37adc465", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Butler, Diane and Suryodarmo, Suprapto. 2001. \u201cArticles of Incorporation of International\nFoundation for Dharma Nature Time\u201d. Drafted May/June in Solo, Central Java.\n\nCouncil for a Parliament of the World\u2019s Religions. 1993. \u201cTowards a Global Ethic: an Initial\nDeclaration\u201d, signed by assembly of religious and spiritual leaders attending 1993\nParliament. Chicago, 4 September. Hans K\u00fcng (ed.).\nhttp://www.cpwr.org/resource/global_ethic.htm (Accessed 4 October 2001.)\n\nMantra, Ida Bagus (ed.). 2002. \u00c7iwa-Buddha Puja di Indonesia. Denpasar, Bali, Yayasan\nDharma Sastra, [especially on bhinneka tunggal ika in the kakawin Sutasoma by Tantular].\n\nMillennium World Peace Summit of Religious and Spiritual Leaders. 2000. \u201cCommitment to\nGlobal Peace\u201d, presented at the United Nations, August 29.\nhttp://www.millenniumpeacesummit.com/resources/mwps/Commitment%20to%20Glob\nal%20Peace.pdf (Accessed 4 October 2001.)\n\nMizzi OFM Conv., Fr. Maximilian. 1996. \u201cGenuine Faith in One\u2019s Own Religion and\nInterreligious Dialogue\u201d. DHARMA WORLD for living Buddhism and Interfaith Dialogue,\nNov./Dec. Japan, Magazine of Rissho-Kosei kai.\nhttp://www.assisimission.net/uk/articles/archives/genuinefaith.doc\n(Accessed 13 September 2006.)\n\nNorberg-Schulz, Christian. 1980. Genius Loci, Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture.\nNew York, Rizzoli\n\nPadepokan Lemah Putih archives. 1986\u2013. Mojosongo, Solo, Java, Indonesia.\nPanikkar, Raimon. 1978. The Intra-Religious Dialogue. New York, Paulist Press.\nParimartha, I Gde. 2004. Desa adat, desa dinas, dan desa pakraman di Bali: tinjuan historis\n\nkritis. I Wayan Ardika and Darma Putra (eds), Politik Kebudayaan dan Identitas Etnik.\nDenpasar, Fakultas Sastra University Udayana and Bali Mangsi Press, pp. 13\u201343.\n\nPatera, I Wayan. 1999. \u201cSekilas Pura Samuantiga\u201d. Bedulu, Bali. [Also quotes Ardana, I Gusti\nGde (1999), Goris, R. (1954), Kemenuh, Ida Pedanda Putra (1977), Nala, Ngurah\n(1997), Soebandi, Ktut (1983), Soeka, I Gde (1986), Stutterheim, W.F. (1929)].\nAvailable on Yayasan Bali Galang website.\nhttp://www.babadbali.com/pura/plan/samuantiga.htm\nhttp://www.babadbali.com/pura/plan/samuantiga/samuantiga_sejarah.htm\n(Accessed 28 July 2002.)\n\nPosey, Darrell Addison (ed.). 1999. Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity: A\nComplementary Contribution to the Global Biodiversity Assessment. London/Nairobi,\nIntermediate Technology Publications/UNEP.\n\n\n\n8\n\nSedyawati, Edi. 2006. Budaya Indonesia: Kajian Arkeologi, Seni, dan Sejarahi. Jakarta, PT\nRajaGrafindo Persada.\n\nSharing Movement. 1992\u2013. Impressions: International Magazine of Sharing Movement.\n[Especially No. 5\u2013No. 9]. Berlin, Beate St\u00fchm (ed.).\n\nSoebadio, Haryati. 1986. Kepribadian budaya bangsa. Ayatrohaedi (ed.), Kepribadian Budaya\nBangsa (Local Genius). Jakarta, Pustaka Jaya, pp. 18\u201325.", "start_char_idx": 18380, "end_char_idx": 21162, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8f3b4294-e589-4236-9893-bc80883940e6": {"__data__": {"id_": "8f3b4294-e589-4236-9893-bc80883940e6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3643", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "317f071311a30e1e038791f043765a295ffe87c0632014962e2bcbb15b95ce34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f919d0e5-d303-41e4-a99f-9c0ad907709b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "a4793367ad65a0ad56d1bf71b34231e8a8001460194892da7b9508b3b119294d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "00dd3ead-91ba-4490-96b6-e1814c8af154", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d1a2dc9b169f36676e2e49af04884b3fc1ceb6e808f5c0ca19be6db5e2c843f6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Jakarta, Pustaka Jaya, pp. 18\u201325.\n\nSuantika, I Wayan et al. 1991\u20131992. Ekskavasi Situs Bangsal Desa Tejakula, Kecamatan\nTejakula, Kabupaten Buleleng, No. 1 and No. 2. Laporan Penelitian Arkeologi, Balai\nArkeologi Denpasar.\n\nSudiarta, I Wayan, and Dibia, I Wayan. 2004. Tentang Pasamuan Seni & Ketuhanan IV: Sesaji\nBarong Pa-Hayu Buwana. Circular letter and program invitation. Yayasan Dharma\nSamuan Tiga, Bedulu, Bali.\n\nSulistyawati, A. 2000. \u201cTri Hita Karana sebagai Local Genius\u201d. In Kumpulan Makalah Seminar\nInternasional: Konsep dan Implementasi Tri Hita Karana dalam Pembangunan Bali\nMenyosong Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dalam Era Global, [No. 31]. 9 August,\nDenpasar, Pusat Kajian Bali (PUSAKA BALI).\n\nSuryodarmo, Suprapto. 1997. \u201cWeb Art Garden \u2013 an Idea\u201d. Padepokan Lemah Putih, Solo,\nCentral Java. Published in UK by Sandra Reeve (international facilitator 1997\u201399), in\nACE: Art, Culture, Environment initiative for annual worldwide cultural events for the\nJune 5th World Environment Day.\n\nSutrisno, Mudji. 1993. Estetika Filsafat Keindahan. Yogyakarta, Kanisius.\nUNESCO. 1994. \u201cDeclaration on the Role of Religion in the Promotion of a Culture of Peace\u201d,\n\naffirmed during the meeting The Contribution by Religions to the Culture of Peace.\nUNESCO Centre Catalonia, Barcelona, 12\u201318 December. (Published online)\nhttp://www.unesco.org/cpp/uk/declarations/religion.pdf\n\n_______. 2001. \u201cUniversal Declaration on Cultural Diversity\u201d, adopted by the 31st Session of\nthe General Conference of UNESCO. Paris, 2 November. (Published online)\nhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001271/127160m.pdf\n\nWorld Wildlife Fund International. 1986. The Assisi Declarations: Messages on Man & Nature\nfrom Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam & Judaism. 29 September. Switzerland,\nGland. Excerpts available on UNEP website. http://www.nyo.unep.org/eaf/eafadec.pdf\n(Accessed 1 January 2005.)\n\nYayasan Dharma Samuan Tiga archives. 2001\u2013. Bedulu, Bali, Indonesia.\nYayasan Tejakukus. 1998. \u201cSejarah Desa Tejakula dari Sejak Dulu Sampai Sekarang\u201d and\n\n\u201cSejarah Singkat Kehidupan Kesenian di Tejakula\u201d. Tejakula, North Bali. 23 Mei.\n\nVIDEO ARCHIVES\nSharing Art & Religiosity 2001\u20132003. Edited video of art and dialogues presented at the\n\nMandala Wisata Samuan Tiga, Bedulu, Bali; Sharing Art Ocean-Mountain at Taman\nSeni Cili Emas and Candi Teja Amerta, Tejakula, North Bali; vision of Barong Pa-Hayu\nBuwana. 2004 [video:VCD] \u00a9Yayasan Dharma Samuan Tiga and Dharma Nature Time.\n\nSharing Art in Tejakula, Bali 2001\u20132003. Edited video of art and dialogues presented at Taman\nSeni Cili Emas, Candi Teja Amerta, Pura Ponjok Batu, and Les waterfall. 2004\n[video:VCD] \u00a9Yayasan Tejakukus and Dharma Nature Time.\n\nTari Sesaji Tri Yoni Saraswati with Barong Pa-Hayu Buwana. Premiere at Pendopo Ageng Institut\nSeni Indonesia-Surakarta, Central Java, 4 July 2004.", "start_char_idx": 21129, "end_char_idx": 23967, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "00dd3ead-91ba-4490-96b6-e1814c8af154": {"__data__": {"id_": "00dd3ead-91ba-4490-96b6-e1814c8af154", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3643", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "317f071311a30e1e038791f043765a295ffe87c0632014962e2bcbb15b95ce34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8f3b4294-e589-4236-9893-bc80883940e6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "d12340da2b58ac1a0ee3c2f19c2324b8d388fd8bf00b0ac74a78399960e859d0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "11d46fa3-f377-4925-bd2f-db6442f4d6d8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "88dd4007e0b147584de946d5d1b7490dda3e23417d1b15db37abf6f74e3b2475", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Danced by Gusti Koes Murtiyah\n(Karaton Surakarta), Ni Wayan Sekariani (Bali), Nurlina Syahrir (Makassar). Music by I\nWayan Sadra, Waluyo Sastro Sukarno, Misbach, Galih Naga Seno, Subjha Ilham, and\nSuprapto Suryodarmo. Second showing 13 July 2004, Parliament of the World\u2019s Religions,\nUniversal Forum of Cultures, Barcelona, Spain. [video:VCD] \u00a9Yayasan Dharma Samuan\nTiga, Padepokan Lemah Putih, and Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta.\n\n\n\n9\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n\nThe author thanks the Rector of Udayana University and Director of Postgraduate\nStudies for the facilities and opportunities provided during my doctoral studies in Kajian\nBudaya (Cultural Studies) at Udayana University. Gratitude also goes to my promoter\nProfessor I Wayan Ardika and co-promoters Professor I Gde Parimartha of Udayana\nUniversity and Professor Edi Sedyawati of University of Indonesia, Depok for their sustained\nencouragement and scholarly guidance from the development of the initial proposal to the\ncompletion of this dissertation. Finally, deeply felt appreciation to all of the people who\nshared art, prayer, ideas, questions, dialogue, skills and materials that made the Sharing Art\nprograms at Samuan Tiga and in Tejakula, Bali; other Indonesian provinces, and in so many\ncontexts and countries in the world chronicled in this study possible.", "start_char_idx": 23968, "end_char_idx": 25302, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "11d46fa3-f377-4925-bd2f-db6442f4d6d8": {"__data__": {"id_": "11d46fa3-f377-4925-bd2f-db6442f4d6d8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3644", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "hash": "fb694b130aacad4cbeb1c8df243d3c07ab51ba51d9d221ea9593e1b9b86d3d14", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "00dd3ead-91ba-4490-96b6-e1814c8af154", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3643", "author": "Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3643.pdf"}, "hash": "68f4e43a82f4ad01163bcab273cf661bd09297a545398447bf762462989c5b78", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8334d08c-8131-4bc6-931f-3e5773cdbcb4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "156fc03d45e91ff951b43a34af6aba188eea9cea3dad58937d264766f83b617c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-journal Dewi Yuliana\n\n\nTRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE  \nINTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE \n\nAT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, \nTABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE \n\n \n \n\nEuis Dewi Yuliana1, I Wayan Ardika2,   \nI Gde Semadi Astra2, I Made Antara2 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Faculty of Letter, Udayana University \n E-mail: dewiyuliana@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n This dissertation discusses the transformation of modern agriculture into organic \nagriculture at Subak Wangaya Betan, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. \nThis study is conducted in the perspective of Cultural Studies and the problem is that the \ndark side of modern agriculture is getting visible. The chemical substances used in \nagriculture have turned out to result in many problems such as the damage of land \nquality, the continuous decrease in plant productivity and environment, the \nmarginalization of farmers. Therefore, many farmers have been aware and have \ntransformed into ecologically organic agriculture as what has taken place at Subak \nWangaya Betan. The farmers have transformed from modern agriculture into organic \nagriculture. However, the process of the transformation has left many problems; \ntherefore, a deep study is necessarily conducted to answer various existing questions. \n The problems in this study are formulated in three basic questions such as \nfollows. First, how has the process of the transformation from modern agriculture into \norganic agriculture taken place at Subak Wangaya Betan? Second, why has the \ntransformation from modern agriculture into organic agriculture taken place? Third, what \nare the implications and meanings of the transformation from modern agriculture into \norganic agriculture at Subak Wangaya Betan? In general, this study aims at identifying \nand comprehending more clearly the transformation from modern agriculture into organic \nagriculture taking place at Betan Wangaya Subak.  \n This research was conducted using qualitative method with multidisciplinary \napproach in accordance with the paradigm of cultural studies. In the first stage, primary \nand secondary data were collected. In the second stage, theories were selected for \nanalyzing the data. Several critical theories such as the theory of Discourse of Power and \nKnowledge, the theory of Hegemony and the theory of Deconstruction, which are eclectic \nin nature, were decided to select for analyzing the data. In this third stage, the selected \ndata were analyzed and interpreted. In the fourth stage, the results were constructed and \nreported. \n Based on the analysis conducted, three findings could be reported. First, \nagricultural transformation has taken place at Subak Wangaya Betan, from agrochemical-\n\n\n\nbased modern agriculture in which inorganic, chemical pesticide and hybrid varieties are \nused into organic agriculture in which no chemical substances are used. The agricultural \ntransformation has not been suddenly conducted; it has been a planned process, has been \nconducted through a highly systematic mechanism with many stages and has consumed a \nlot of time and needed in-depth studies. Second, many factors have led to the agricultural \ntransformation taking place at Subak Wangaya Betan. They are external factors such as \npolitical, economic, social, cultural and ecological aspects and internal factors such as the \nnegative side of green revolution implementation, natural resources, cooperative farmers, \nand adherent farmers. They are all equally strong and synergize in encouraging and \naccelerating the agricultural transformation. Third, it turns out that the agricultural \ntransformation taking place at Subak Wangaya Betan has several implications and \nmeanings. The implications are that the ideology adhered to by the farmers has changed, \nthe establishment of new institutions, an increase in the farmers\u2019 income, improved rice \nfield ecosystem and environment. The meanings of organic agriculture are spiritual \nmeaning, empowerment meaning and welfare meaning. \n \nKeywords: agricultural transformation, modern agriculture, organic agriculture and      \n\nSubak Wangaya Betan.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 4209, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8334d08c-8131-4bc6-931f-3e5773cdbcb4": {"__data__": {"id_": "8334d08c-8131-4bc6-931f-3e5773cdbcb4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3644", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "hash": "fb694b130aacad4cbeb1c8df243d3c07ab51ba51d9d221ea9593e1b9b86d3d14", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "11d46fa3-f377-4925-bd2f-db6442f4d6d8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "hash": "7786ea9bff9ec32a33b0eff2f324c580094eca3acda221555d2313876c49235d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "065731eb-f044-4d3d-938c-114d8f1e46c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d29d00ce492fdbf62db4c66b9004200e6bd210417bd1e3e57a6ee3999466fa17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "BACKGROUND  \n The multinational capitalist has created a single agricultural system through \nhighly established monopoly practices. The capitalist has been able to make farmers \ntransform the agricultural system which they had applied for hundreds of years, that is, \nthe ecological agricultural system which was environmentally friendly into modern \nagricultural era known as \u201cgreen revolution\u201d. \n Initially, the green revolution (the modern agriculture) directly contributed to the \nspectacular development of agricultural products. However, the dark side of such modern \ntechnology is immediately visible. Now it has been clear that the modern technology does \nnot help the farmers. Millions of them keep being marginalized and hungry. The quality \nof the land they cultivate and their environment is degrading. In this case, the modern \nagriculture benefits the corporation of petrochemical capitalist. The capitalist has created \na pseudo- state of being established and manipulated the farmers in such a way that they \nuse more and more chemical substances leading to a multibillion dollar business.  \n The decrease in land quality and productivity of almost all types of plants \nundertaken has been visible since 1990s. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in \nlarge quantities have changed the whole agricultural order and marginalized the \ntraditional knowledge and local genius which have developed in accordance with the \nlocal culture. Furthermore, the traditional knowledge and local genius have been left and \nneglected. \n However, many farmers have been aware of the dangers of the modern agriculture \nand have transformed into the organic ecologic method. Such a transformation has taken \nplace at Subak Wangaya Betan. The farmers have transformed from the modern \nagriculture into the organic agriculture.  \n Subak Wangaya Betan is one of the subaks (farmers\u2019 traditional organization) \nwhich is located at Dusun Wangaya Betan, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, Bali \nProvince. The agricultural transformation at Subak Wangaya Betan has been massively \nconducted since 2006. Great attempts should be made as it does not involve transfer of \nideology but also transfer of technology, knowledge, wilingness, ability, braveness and \neven capital and target market. How the farmers at Subak Wangaya Betan have invested \nin the initial stage of transformation and how responsive they are to conducting the \ntransformation are interesting phenomena.  \n The agricultural transformation at Subak Wangaya Betan has been directed to the \ntransformation of the subsystem of material infrastructure such as the transformation in \nthe technique of plant cultivation. The question is whether this transformation has \ninvolved the other subsystems in addition to the material subsystem. \n This research aims at identifying and comprehending more clearly the \ntransformation from the modern agriculture into the organic agriculture. It tries to answer \nthe problems which are formulated in three basic questions as follows. (1) How has the \nprocess of transformation from the modern agriculture into the organic agriculture taken \nplace at Subak Wangaya Betan? (2) Why the transformation from the modern agriculture \ninto the organic agriculture has taken place at Subak Wangaya Betan? (3) What are the \nimplications and meanings of the transformation from the modern agriculture into the \norganic agriculture at Subak Wangaya Betan?", "start_char_idx": 4218, "end_char_idx": 7663, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "065731eb-f044-4d3d-938c-114d8f1e46c2": {"__data__": {"id_": "065731eb-f044-4d3d-938c-114d8f1e46c2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3644", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "hash": "fb694b130aacad4cbeb1c8df243d3c07ab51ba51d9d221ea9593e1b9b86d3d14", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8334d08c-8131-4bc6-931f-3e5773cdbcb4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "hash": "c58f35646a0e3ff5180a9bff87b82a22dc184f6ab2f982b95cf44bc2d29320b6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d507660c-a5f8-47e4-bb51-bb21e44bba74", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c7ffce574e2aba3df4324b12519a614982b777dfea905871be65ad1e73f850b5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "MATERIAL AND DISCUSSION \n  Qualitative method is employed in this study in which the transformation from \nthe modern agriculture into the organic agriculture at Subak Wangaya Betan, Penebel \nDistrict, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province is discussed. First, the data on the general \npicture of the location where the research was conducted were collected and the \ntransformation from the modern culture into the organic culture taking place at Subak \nWangaya Betan (where the research was conducted) was observed. Second, the theories \nused for analyzing the existing problems were selected. The theories used are the theory \nof Discourse of Power and Knowledge, the theory of Hegemony, and the theory of \nDeconstruction. Third, the data collected were analyzed and interpreted. Four, the results \nwere reported. \n \nFINDINGS  \n First, the agricultural transformation conducted by the farmers at Subak Wangaya \nBetan cannot be separated from the hegemony applied both by the government and the \ncooperative farmers over the farmers. The mastery of the government (the PPL of BPTP \nof Bali Province) and the cooperative farmers of knowledge has made them able to \nhegemonize the farmers to apply the organic agriculture without being pressured and \nfeeling pressured.  \n Second, the incentive provided by the government to the farmers and the subak \nleadership strength have contributed to the agricultural transformation taking place at \nSubak Wangaya Betan. The strong influence of leadership, especially the leadership \ncontrolled by the cooperative pioneer farmers who have economic, social and cultural \n(intellectual) capitals has been able to encourage the agricultural transformation taking \nplace at that subak. In addition, the free  incentive in the form of agricultural production \nfacilities  provided by the government, which has social and cultural capitals apart from \neconomic capital, has also contributed to the transformation.. \n Third, the agricultural transformation taking place at the location where the \nresearch was conducted reflects the success in changing agricultural ideology from the \nmodern agriculture, which is deemed less beneficial, into the organic agriculture, which \nis dreamed of by every farmer who cares about the importance of health, environmental \nfriendliness, benefit and sustainability. The organic agriculture is meant to provide \nsomeone with image; if he/she consumes organic product, he/she will have confidence, \nhis/her prestige will enhance. In addition, the organic products are safe to consume, have \nhigh quality and are healthy. \n \nCONCLUSIONS \n First, agricultural transformation has taken place at Subak Wangaya Betan, from \nagrochemical - based modern agriculture in which inorganic fertilizers, chemical \npesticides and hybrid varieties are used into organic agriculture in which no chemical \nsubstance is used. Such an agricultural transformation has not taken place suddenly but it \nhas been conducted through a planned process with a highly systemic mechanism \ninvolving many stages which need a lot of time and thorough studies. Second, many \nfactors such as external ones which include political, economic, social, cultural and \necological aspects and internal factors which include the negative side of green revolution \nimplementation, natural resources, cooperative farmers and inherent farmers have", "start_char_idx": 7670, "end_char_idx": 11034, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d507660c-a5f8-47e4-bb51-bb21e44bba74": {"__data__": {"id_": "d507660c-a5f8-47e4-bb51-bb21e44bba74", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3644", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "hash": "fb694b130aacad4cbeb1c8df243d3c07ab51ba51d9d221ea9593e1b9b86d3d14", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "065731eb-f044-4d3d-938c-114d8f1e46c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "hash": "0d473969c14109191c7f1d92c6d21ae4d019c5a56667be3cfd8241c0a9bcf8b6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0340c311-847a-42da-bee1-c94afac92476", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c1bd65bba5cfc9c034d3b3544fb8d830b00d4e5434fcb273091c37337c3f8ca5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "contributed to the agricultural transformation taking place at Subak Wangaya Betan. \nThey are equally strong and synergize to encourage and accelerate the agricultural \ntransformation. Third, it turns out that the agricultural transformation taking place at \nSubak Wangaya Betan has implications and meanings. Its implications are the change in \nthe ideology adhered to by the farmers, the establishment of new institutions, an increase \nin the farmers\u2019 income, improved rice field ecosystem and improved environment. The \norganic agriculture has spiritual meaning, empowerment meaning and welfare meaning. \n \n \nACKNOWLEDGMENTS  \n High appreciation is extended to the Rector of Udayana University and the \nDirector of Postgraduate Studies of Udayana University for the opportunity and facilities \nprovided to attend the Doctorate Program (S3) in Cultural Studies of Udayana University. \nHigh indebtedness is also extended to Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., as the Supervisor, \nProf. Dr. I Gde Semadi Astra, as Co-supervisor I, and Prof. Dr. Ir. I Made Antara, as Co-\nsupervisor II for their invaluable guidance and suggestions which are helpful to the \nwriting of this dissertation. Finally, many thanks are also extended  to all the parties who \nhave been involved in the process of this research.", "start_char_idx": 11039, "end_char_idx": 12337, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0340c311-847a-42da-bee1-c94afac92476": {"__data__": {"id_": "0340c311-847a-42da-bee1-c94afac92476", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3646", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "b94f47e750a1b2580090ecc3ecf8cc401d077d32fb8d0cfc88d8d4cef08d86ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d507660c-a5f8-47e4-bb51-bb21e44bba74", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3644", "author": "Dewi Yuliana, Euis; Ardika, I Wayan; Semadi Astra, I Gde; Antara, I Made", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN AGRICULTURE INTO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AT SUBAK WANGAYA BETAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3644.pdf"}, "hash": "4645045abf493b1b47908a8cd3a619d023e138665af1eadc51ab39ec740ed478", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b1ad764e-4775-4c52-96cb-be27a42eca1b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8f1dc5702d0b4d26bc3e8b6d4e18a978e8bccbeebadf229e14f69a6a992be68d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-journal I W.Jondra\n\n\n 1\n\nTHE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD  \nNEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: \n\nIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES \n \n \n \n\nI Wayan Jondra1,  A. A. Gde Agung2, \nI G. B. Wijaya Kusuma3,  I Made Suastika2 \n\n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\n3Faculty of Techniques, Udayana University \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency is one of the tourist attractions and \ndestinations. Sukawati has Sukawati art market and Guwang market, art shops, \ncraftsmen, wood carvers, painters, traditional and contemporary artists. They all complete \nthe atmosphere at Sukawati. As a result, more and more people intend to build houses \nthere for which more and more electric energy is needed. This study was conducted to \nevaluate the use of electric energy at Sukawati District. The problems are formulated as \nfollows: how electric energy is used; how comodification takes place; how the \ngovernment and Perusahaan Listrik Negara, abbreviated to PLN (the Utility Company) \ndominates people and how the people resist the government\u2019s hegemony, what are the \neffects and meanings of the electric energy used at Sukawati District. \n Qualitative method supported by quantitative data, which characterize Cultural \nStudies, was adopted in this study. The data were taken from primary resources and \nsecondary resources. Qualitative method was eclectically employed for analyzing the \ndata supported by the theory of consumer behavior, the theory of comodification, the \ntheory of hegemony, the theory of knowledge and power and the theory of \ndeconstruction. The results of the study were formally presented using tables, graphs and \npictures and were informally narrated. \n The results of the study show that the increase in the number of population has \nresulted in the increase in the number of traditional houses without/with slight \nmodification and modern houses. The rise in the number of houses has resulted in the rise \nin electricity needed for illumination, mechanical purposes and so forth. The people \nliving at traditional houses use less and simpler electric utilities than those living at \nmodern houses. The electric utilities used are highly influenced by both internal and \nexternal factors. The advertisements of electric utilities also contribute to the use of \nelectric utilities, meaning that electricity has touched what is required by the people at \nSukawati District. By referring to the 1945 Constitution, the PLN has dominated the \ndistribution of electricity. This has been used to comodify electric energy by changing its \nstatus into a limited liability company, and to increase the basic  rate of electricity (tarif \ndasar listrik, abbreviated to TDL) with its various scenarios socialized through mass \nmedia. The government and the PLN dominate the community to accelerate their \n\n\n\n 2\n\ncomodification practices.  Such a dominance or hegemony is resisted by the traditional \npeople by strengthening their Balinese identity through the preservation of Bali \ntraditional houses. Electricity has covered all the banjar/dusun (neighborhood under a \nvillage) resulting in different effects such as giving up bathing in the public bathing \nplace, the extinction of informal communication among the people, renegotiation of \nsacred values, change in orientation of the sekas (the traditional groups established for \nparticular purposes) from being orientated their activities to non economic motivations \ninto economic ones. The different backgrounds of the people at Sukawati District have \ncaused the meaningfulness of the availability of electricity to vary. \n \nKeywords: traditional houses, electricity and efficiency", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 3797, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b1ad764e-4775-4c52-96cb-be27a42eca1b": {"__data__": {"id_": "b1ad764e-4775-4c52-96cb-be27a42eca1b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3646", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "b94f47e750a1b2580090ecc3ecf8cc401d077d32fb8d0cfc88d8d4cef08d86ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0340c311-847a-42da-bee1-c94afac92476", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "8a479d4abca3c723e9d4e68350d29670b532bf98e7e530b69ead42e3040150e5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a68a65cc-8348-4dd7-8403-c26e10c38efd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3bca47b457053368d2622836e0cc1d435b16a31ca285c980d9be27fb00ef111d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\nINTRODUCTION  \n \n The upcoming economic development in Bali will be faced with external changes \n\nresulting from globalization and internal ones resulting from the implementation of the \n\nRegional Autonomy (Erawan, 2004: 1). Globalization taking place on a worldwide scale \n\nis identical with the process of spreading cultural influence characterized by science and \n\ntechnology (Supriadi, 1994: 73); in Widja, 2001: 1). Jacob (1987: 15) states that \n\nelectricity, as one of the results of science, is a system developed by man to adapt himself \n\nto his environment and to adapt his environment to himself in the framework of \n\nsustaining his life. Electric energy can be changed into other forms of energy by utilizing \n\nelectric utilities (PUIL, 2000: 13).  \n\n Aldin et.al. (2006: 24) states that human life style from eating to having sex is \n\ndetermined by bureaus. The advertisements of electric utilities in the mass media with the \n\nexaggerating ways in which they are shown have caused the people to buy them. The \n\nshopping life style is a new ideal replacing the classical policies. The consumptive life \n\nstyle has made needs identical with desires. It states:\u201dI am identical with what I \n\nconsume\u201d (Adian in Aldin (Ed), 2006: 26-27). The only target of modernism is formal \n\nrationality which is made up of efficiency, the ability to predict, more emphasis on \n\nquantity and mechanism (Ritzer, 2004: 565). \n\n Stevenson (1983: 3) states that the electric energy produced by the electric power \n\nstation is distributed through transmission channels ending in the consumers\u2019 electric \n\ninstallations. This is such a difficult, complex and long process that high costs are \n\nneeded. The inefficient and nonselective use of electric energy and neglecting the use of \n\nrenewable natural energy may lead to social, cultural, economic and religious effects as \n\nwell as environmental damage.  Stevenson (1983: 4) states that electricity for \n\nillumination is commonly used after the sun sets. Van Harten (1985: 65) states that the \n\nbigger a room is, the more lamps and electricity are needed. Most of the worldly tools \n\ndepend on electricity (Totok, 2007: 3). The ease of obtaining electric utilities and the \n\npossibility of installing electricity more than needed have motivated the people to enjoy \n\nand have it. Erawan (2004: 1) states that the Bali economy depends on tourism as the \n\nleading sector. The development of tourism in Bali which is accompanied by the \n\ndevelopment of population needs an increase in infrastructure and facilities. It is this", "start_char_idx": 3873, "end_char_idx": 6441, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a68a65cc-8348-4dd7-8403-c26e10c38efd": {"__data__": {"id_": "a68a65cc-8348-4dd7-8403-c26e10c38efd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3646", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "b94f47e750a1b2580090ecc3ecf8cc401d077d32fb8d0cfc88d8d4cef08d86ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b1ad764e-4775-4c52-96cb-be27a42eca1b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "65af6c715fc37f7985926bfb38ec4996ef0a1b8349c7a444c761515ef536a959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "aa89f105-c6e9-4a22-b3d3-b116df37edf0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "21575f7e5a4ea84f1cb67dee80aba36747fcaf1ad9a255a1800d078bcd83a73f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\nwhich has been responsible for the increased needs for electric energy.  Yudhoyono \n\n(2006: 3) states that electricity is needed by everybody nowadays. \n\n The PLN has dominated the electric distribution under the name of NV. NIGM \n\n(PLN) since 1945. Such domination has been approved of by the fourth amendment of \n\nArticle 33 Clause 2 of the 1945 Constitution. For the sake of the Indonesian people\u2019s \n\nwelfare, the government is legally obliged to supply electricity to the citizens as needed \n\nas easily and inexpensively as possible. However, Danamik (2010) states that the \n\nLegislative Assembly approves that what are proposed by the government to increase the \n\nTDL and Adnyana (2007: 12) states that since 1994 the PLN has been determined as a \n\nlimited liability company. It can be stated that the attempt to decrease the citizens\u2019 \n\nelectrification is made by the government by withdrawing more funds from the \n\ncommunity (comodification). \n\n Nowadays the people who need electricity should buy it from the government, \n\nwhich, in this case, is the PLN. It only serves those who subscribe to at least 1.300 VA \n\nwithout breaking the technical requirements. This is the form of its hegemony over the \n\npeople and  by all means constitutes a contradictive condition as electric energy resources \n\nare highly limited and should be used efficiently and when needed (Ghana, 2006). In \n\nanother opportunity, that is, on the International World Day commemorated on 22nd April \n\n2006, the President, in his speech, requested that all Indonesian citizens should save \n\nelectricity. \n\n This research is highly interesting as it attempts to reveal the local genius already \n\nowned by the people living at Sukawati District to apply the methods of regulating light \n\nand weather, and the method of making use of water in order to support the movement of \n\nminimizing electric energy. The uncontrolled excessive use of electric energy will \n\nnegatively affect the community itself. Jacob (1990: 17) states that the consumers should \n\nbe made aware that they are faced with the aggressive influx of industrial products. \n\n Now electricity is needed for 24 hours a day at Sukawati District. The people \n\nliving at traditional houses use little electricity and sometimes none during day time. The \n\nhouses where the activities are done from in the morning to in the afternoon do not need \n\nelectricity at all. However, those living at modern houses need electricity in large \n\nquantities for almost 24 hours. The high urbanization taking place at Sukawati District", "start_char_idx": 6447, "end_char_idx": 9008, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "aa89f105-c6e9-4a22-b3d3-b116df37edf0": {"__data__": {"id_": "aa89f105-c6e9-4a22-b3d3-b116df37edf0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3646", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "b94f47e750a1b2580090ecc3ecf8cc401d077d32fb8d0cfc88d8d4cef08d86ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a68a65cc-8348-4dd7-8403-c26e10c38efd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "7753f543babb9f973007139ad26e12fbdc366314689d400884d63dbede13e887", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9d7bf27f-63d4-4ffb-9a08-623071d647d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "113f5d95e85f62a62b1e29d3a3e7cff22ab90f28f38ea0559f22f079053d7d85", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\nwill probably make it a new town.  Abdullah (2006: 28) states that the new cities \n\nappearing in the 21st century will be full with the inhabitants coming from the middle \n\nclass characterized by technology and consumerism. \n\n The PLN and the advertising bureaus, which support one another, make the \n\npeople not critical anymore against the distortions resulting from the influx of electric \n\nutility products. As a consequence, artificial energy from electricity is created to match \n\nthe need for energy. This has been responsible for the increased need for electric energy. \n\nOn the other side, attempts are made to preserve traditional houses allowing the \n\ntraditional people to relatively safe energy. This is a resistance (counter-hegemony) to the \n\nPLN\u2019s hegemony over the people. \n\n Silaban (2004: 1) states that the national and per capita needs for electric energy \n\ncan be minimized if houses are nationally designed with the saving-energy concepts and  \n\nif the orientation of the governmental policies is improved by giving priorities to the \n\npeople\u2019s local genius. In this manner, the sociocultural effects resulting from the \n\nexcessive use of electric energy can be anticipated. The difference in use, especially the \n\ngreater use of electric energy in modern houses (Jondra, 2007: 19) has resulted in a rise in \n\nconsumption. This means that the use of electric energy highly deserves being explored \n\nfrom the perspective of cultural studies.  The reason is that, according to Admaja (2007: \n\n4), the mission of cultural studies is practical and emancipatory in nature. It is highly \n\npossible, although being forced, to save electricity (Kalla, Metro TV News: 25th February \n\n2008 at 05.30).  \n\n Four problems are discussed in this study. (a) How electricity is used both in \n\ntraditional and modern houses at Sukawati District?; (b) what has been done by the \n\ngovernment through the PLN to comodify the electric energy used at Sukawati District?; \n\n(c) what has been done by the government and the PLN management to dominate the  \n\nelectric energy used for households at Sukawati District, and what has been done by the \n\npeople to resist such a hegemony; what are the effects and meanings of the use of electric \n\nenergy to the people\u2019s lives at Sukawati District? Based on the problems formulated, this \n\nstudy is designed to specifically aim at (a) analyzing how the electric energy is used in \n\ntraditional and modern houses at Sukawati District; (b) understanding how the \n\ngovernment through the PLN has comodified the  electric energy used at Sukawati", "start_char_idx": 9014, "end_char_idx": 11599, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9d7bf27f-63d4-4ffb-9a08-623071d647d2": {"__data__": {"id_": "9d7bf27f-63d4-4ffb-9a08-623071d647d2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3646", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "b94f47e750a1b2580090ecc3ecf8cc401d077d32fb8d0cfc88d8d4cef08d86ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "aa89f105-c6e9-4a22-b3d3-b116df37edf0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "487e0952c7b7bb622ae01fd818ce3e07ce1bdf1c83a3af3c10c92e420cb21350", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f9083313-60d0-48db-8444-3dff4043d518", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7a42e9dcc63b163a9861c3dbd4956167ef914a5274033e4fa2d9b638171b5f8d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\nDistrict; (c) synthesizing how the government and the PLN have dominated the use of \n\nelectric energy for households at Sukawati District, and identifying what has been done \n\nby the community to resist such a hegemony; (d) analyzing the effects and meanings of \n\nthe  electric energy used in traditional and modern houses to the people\u2019s lives at \n\nSukawati District. Therefore, in theory, this study is useful to intellectuals and in practice; \n\nit is useful to the community, the PLN and the government. \n\n \n\nANALYSIS  \n\n As a research of cultural studies, qualitative method is adopted in this study. \n\nQualitative data supported by quantitative data are used in this study. The data from \n\nprimary sources were obtained by interviews, observation and documentation, and the \n\ndata from secondary sources were obtained by documentary study. The data were \n\nqualitatively analyzed through the theories of eclecticism such as the theory of consumer, \n\nthe theory of comodification, the theory of hegemony, the theory of knowledge and \n\npower and the theory of deconstruction. The results of analysis are informally presented \n\nwith inductive-analytic description completed with formal presentation.  \n\n The results of the study show that the more the population the more houses were \n\nbuilt. The houses built were made up of traditional houses, slightly modified traditional \n\nhouses and modern houses. The more houses built, the more electric energy was needed, \n\nmeaning that the more illumination and electric utilities were needed. While the people \n\nliving in traditional houses needed utilities such as lamps for illumination, water pumps, \n\nelectric irons, rice cookers, magic jars, refrigerators, television sets and tape recorders, \n\nthose living in modern houses needed air conditioners, fans, exhaust fans, air purifiers, \n\nhair dryers, water heaters, treadmills,  computers, water pumps, aquariums, facsimiles \n\nand the like. Such electric utilities are continually, periodically and incidentally \n\ndepending on when needed or desired.  \n\n Internal and external factors contribute to the use of such utilities. The \n\nadvertisements of electric tools highly affect their use and; as a consequence, electricity \n\nhas touched what is needed by the people living in Sukawati District. By referring to the \n\n1945 Constitution, the PLN has dominated the distribution and sale of electricity. Such a \n\nmonopoly has been used to comodify electric energy by reducing the funding and", "start_char_idx": 11605, "end_char_idx": 14095, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f9083313-60d0-48db-8444-3dff4043d518": {"__data__": {"id_": "f9083313-60d0-48db-8444-3dff4043d518", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3646", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "b94f47e750a1b2580090ecc3ecf8cc401d077d32fb8d0cfc88d8d4cef08d86ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9d7bf27f-63d4-4ffb-9a08-623071d647d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "62998ad009a83ce87e270e82347921824c914a2e804d3d8692ac276af4d3f186", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2eef988e-dc0b-48f7-942e-a2e6297cc3c4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e0ff0ab1ab19160df8dc557add9e3197281b7a0442970374c613fd716c7f43c5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\n\nincreasing the basic rate of electricity (Tarif Dasar Listrik; abbreviated to TDL) with its \n\nvarious scenarios. Mass media has been used to socialize the rationalization of \n\ncomodification. \n\n The government and PLN have accelerated the practices of comodification by \n\nimposing hegemony. While the government has imposed hegemony by collecting \n\nretribution from the building permits (Izin Mendirikan Bangunan, abbreviated to IMB) \n\nissued, the PLN has imposed it by determining the technical requirements which should \n\nbe fulfilled by the people, and deciding that 1,300 VA is the minimum which is installed \n\nalthough only either 450 VA or 900 VA is needed by the people. The hegemony imposed \n\nby the government and PLN has been resisted by the traditional community at Sukawati \n\nDistrict by involving the priests, the palace figures and the community leaders. Such a \n\nresistance has been shown by preserving the Balinese traditional houses as a Balinese \n\nidentity. The existence of traditional houses allows the people to save electricity; as a \n\nresult, they have not been made confused by the rise in the TDL or the minimum \n\ninstallment which exceeds their need.  \n\n The availability of electricity at Sukawati District, which has touched all the \n\nbanjar/dusun has led to their giving up bathing in the public bathing place, the extinction \n\nof informal communication among the people, renegotiation of the sacred values and the \n\nchange in orientation of the local seka (groups established for particular purposes), from \n\nbeing oriented to non economic objectives into economic ones. The various backgrounds \n\nof the community have caused the meanings of electricity at Sukawati District to vary. \n\n \n\n \n\nFINDINGS  \n\n As far as this study is concerned, there are five findings. They are (1) identity has \n\ncaused the people to either waste or save electricity; (2) degradation in the government\u2019s \n\ncommitment to supporting the community and no attempts have been made by the \n\ngovernment to motive the people to supply their electric energy by themselves by \n\ncreating renewable electric generators, although, on one hand, they have the potentials; \n\n(3) redefinition of space made by the government; (4) electric saving behavior has been", "start_char_idx": 14101, "end_char_idx": 16360, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2eef988e-dc0b-48f7-942e-a2e6297cc3c4": {"__data__": {"id_": "2eef988e-dc0b-48f7-942e-a2e6297cc3c4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3646", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "b94f47e750a1b2580090ecc3ecf8cc401d077d32fb8d0cfc88d8d4cef08d86ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f9083313-60d0-48db-8444-3dff4043d518", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "f298f2d38356ea0826ee69fa50346ff40657b3f00c1e3a00e38e54e1f455600c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4eb87a8d-2a3c-4d6c-abfe-750cb3700714", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4a68827978ab770b84952484e676dd36bb00f33ea7d575530603e1de6a65a380", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8\n\nmotivated by the community leaders; (5) electricity has motivated the cultural \n\ndevelopment at Sukawati District. \n\n \n\nCLOSING \n\n It can be concluded that the use of electric energy at Sukawati District has been \n\nhighly influenced by identity and life style of the community, although it is believed that \n\nelectricity is everybody\u2019s vital need. Knowing that the community highly needs \n\nelectricity, the government and PLN have undertaken the practices of comodification by \n\nimposing hegemony; however, the people living in Balinese traditional houses have \n\nshown their resistance to it in the form of contra-hegemony. The availability of electricity \n\nhas provided various effects and meanings to the life of the people living at Sukawati \n\nDistrict. \n\n Based on the findings described above, it is suggested that (1) the government of \n\nSukawati District in particular and the government of Gianyar Regency in general should \n\nnot only collect retribution from the building permits issued, but should also strictly \n\nregulate what types buildings which may support the electricity-saving behavior of the \n\npeople are built; (2) the PLN should increase the education-related programs for the \n\ncommunity as an attempt to use electric energy wisely; (3) the people living at Sukawati \n\nDistrict should continuously preserve the traditional houses, apply the values of \n\ntraditional houses in every building they may build. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \nAbdullah, Irwan. 2006. Konstruksi dan Reproduksi Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka \n\nPelajar. \nAdlin, Alfathri. 2006. Resistansi Gaya Hidup: Teori dan Realitas. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nAdnyana, Ngurah. 2004. \u201dSistim Kelistrikan Bali\u201d, Makalah, Seminar Kelistrikan \nBali Masa Denpan. Di Hotel Bali Beach. \n\nDamanik, Caroline. 15 Juni 2010. \u201dDPR Setujui TDL Naik\u201d. Kompas.com. Jakarta: \nKompas. \n\nJacob. T.. 1993. Manusia Ilmu dan Teknologi. Yogyakarta: PT. Tiara Wacana Yogya.  \nGelebet, Nyoman. 1986. \u201dArsitektur Traditional Daerah Bali\u201d. Denpasar: Departmen \n\nPendidikan dan Kebudayaan. \nGramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections From Prison Notebooks. New York: International \n\nPublisher. \nHarten, Van. 1985. Instalasi Listrik Arus Kuat 2. Bandung, Binacipta.", "start_char_idx": 16366, "end_char_idx": 18571, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4eb87a8d-2a3c-4d6c-abfe-750cb3700714": {"__data__": {"id_": "4eb87a8d-2a3c-4d6c-abfe-750cb3700714", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3646", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "b94f47e750a1b2580090ecc3ecf8cc401d077d32fb8d0cfc88d8d4cef08d86ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2eef988e-dc0b-48f7-942e-a2e6297cc3c4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "c0bd8d45bcf533108c114fa2f810e6ad727127d802c1c3ca10f47f349cb33e58", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3bdeb11d-a889-4df4-914b-c8887eb243ef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a0d0cc75ff4f3c92c854cead4b6b31e4299f531f85af7eca962814369801bca5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "9\n\nJacob. T..1993. Manusia Ilmu dand Teknologi. Yogyakarta: PT. Tiara Wacana Yogya. \nJondra, I Wayan. 2007. \u201dMemudarnya Rumah Tradisional Bali dan Krisis Listrik di \n\nBali\u201d. Wacana. Edisi Agustus 2007. \nKotler dan Keller. 2007. Managemen Pemasaran, Edisi 12. Jakarta: PT. Macanan Jaya \n\nCemerlang. \nLubis, Akhyar Yusuf. 2006. Dekonstruksi Epistimologi Modern, dan Posmodernisme, \n\nTeori Kritis, Poskolonialisme hingga Cultural Studies. Jakarta: Pustaka Indonesia \nSatu. \n\nMoleong, Lexy J. 2008. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja \nRosdakarya.  \n\nPersyaratan Umum Instalasi Listrik 2000 (PUIL 2000): Yayasan PUIL. \nRitzer, George. 2004. Life Style and Ecstasi. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. \nSilaban, Charly. 2004. \u201cBangunan Hemat Energy: Rancangan Pasif dan Aktif\u201d \n\n(31/10/2004): www.silaban.net. \nSimon, Roger. 1999. Gagasan-Gagasan Politik Gramsci (Cetakan 1, terjemahan). \n\nYogyakarta: Insist Press-Pustaka Pelajar. \nTotok. 2007. \u201cListrik\u201d (24/12/2007): http/totoks.com \nWidja, I Gede. 2001. \u201dGlobalisasi Pendidikan dan Ketangguhn Budaya.\u201d Makalah, \n\nSTKIP Singaraja. \nYudhoyono, Susilo Bambang. 2006. \u201dSambutan Peringatan Hari Bumi\u201d (22/04/2008): \n\nwww.presidenri.go.id. \n \n \nThe writer would like to thank the Director of Postgraduate Studies of Udayana \n\nUniversity, Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S.(K); Vice Director I, Prof. Dr. I Made \n\nBudiarsa, M.A.; and Vice Director II, Dr. Ir. Budi Sustrasa, M.S. for their acceptance and \n\nfor all the facilities, assistance and support provided. \n\n \n\nThe writer would also like to highly appreciate Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U. and Prof. \n\nDr. Nyoman Kutha Ratna, S.U., as the Head and Secretary of the Doctorate Program of \n\nthe Study Program of Cultural Studies of Udayana University for all their supervision, \n\ndirection, attention and motivation provided. \n\n \n\n \n\nBeing indebted is also extended to Prof. Dr. A.A. Gde Putra Agung, S.U., as the main \n\nSupervisor, Prof. Dr. I G B Wijaya Kusuma as Co-supervisor I and Prof. Dr. I Made \n\nSuastika, SU., as Co-supervisor II for all their time, input, supervision, motivation and \n\npatience during the completion of this dissertation.", "start_char_idx": 18577, "end_char_idx": 20745, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3bdeb11d-a889-4df4-914b-c8887eb243ef": {"__data__": {"id_": "3bdeb11d-a889-4df4-914b-c8887eb243ef", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3650", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "2296e8e45ac43c0e834aa2deac3313b450ebeb4c17d52f4455e602f70e56c952", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4eb87a8d-2a3c-4d6c-abfe-750cb3700714", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3646", "author": "Jondra, I Wayan; Agung, A. A. Gde; Wijaya Kusuma, I G. B.; Suastika, I Made", "title": " THE USE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS AT SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3646.pdf"}, "hash": "24cd86c1ded3e339a7152b7a230abceec3200b5edc31bc2909918f77cd8c735e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9526b20d-e28e-4826-b149-27226c839c9c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a0a4f7ce232abf6c4ab377f56a812c356290f2ddfc15de398403caba46b50929", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-journal P Pande S\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n1\u00a0\n\n\u00a0\n\nPOLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA \nIN BULELENG REGENCY \n\nIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES \n \n \n\nPande Made Suputra1,  I Nengah Bawa Atmadja2,  \nI Gede Parimartha3, I Wayan Ardika3 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n2Education Ganesha University \n3Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n\nE-mail: suputrapande@rocket.mail \n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n\n During the reformation era much political coercion took place in Buleleng Regency, Bali. \nSuch political coercion occured repeatedly in the general election referred to as Pemilu \nconducted in 1999 and 2004, and in the election conducted to directly vote for district heads \nreferred to as Pilkada in 2007. It is interesting to investigate this phenomenon. The problems in \nthis study are formulated as follows: (1) what factors causing political coercion to take place in \nthe general election and in the election conducted to directly vote for district heads; (2) how it \ntook place; and 3) what ideology leading to it and what implications it had on the socio-culture \nof the people living in Buleleng Regency? \n\n The practical theory, the theory of coercion and the theory of ideology were eclectically \nadopted to establish and analyze concepts. Qualitative method is employed and the data needed \nwere collected by observation, in-depth interview, and documentation study. \n\n The results of the study show: first, the factors causing political coercion to take place \nvaried; second, six cases of political coercion in Buleleng Regency did not take place suddenly, \nbut through processes and were related to the cultural coercion inherent within local individuals \nand groups; third, they took place through semiologic deconstruction related to the \nmeaningfulness provided by the common people and political elites to the \u2018pemilu and pilkada\u2019. \nThus, the ideologies responsible for political coercion were paternalism, binary opposition , \npragmatism and \u2018premanisme\u2019 (the broker of coercion) ; fourth, the implications the cases of \npolitical coercion had on the people in Buleleng Regency were: the pattern of kinship became \nbroken, the culture of physical coercion shifted to the culture of symbolic and economic \ncoercion; a new consensus was established. \n\n The conclusions withdrawn in this study show that the characteristics of the political \ncoercion taking place in Buleleng Regency during the reformation era were related to the local \ncultural values and the pragmatic global cultural values.  Such characteristics had wide \nimplications on the existence of national political cultural system.", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2674, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9526b20d-e28e-4826-b149-27226c839c9c": {"__data__": {"id_": "9526b20d-e28e-4826-b149-27226c839c9c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3650", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "2296e8e45ac43c0e834aa2deac3313b450ebeb4c17d52f4455e602f70e56c952", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3bdeb11d-a889-4df4-914b-c8887eb243ef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "d26b01c4f7934441ee5d1c93d65aa3a53cfb7a20759e23c29e38d1e55f1b1c24", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fe8b6766-f3a8-47db-8fc0-65c6fc8d061c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8633baff2534fb3d0888ea590ee6b12a282391392e20ff07a4b4fc921bdd7f28", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\u00a0\n\n\u00a0\n\nKeywords:  political coercion, general election, election conducted to directly vote for district \nheads referred to as \u2018pilkada\u2019, reformation and ideology \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\n Since reformation started in May 1998, various forms of coercion have taken place. They \n\nhave occurred not only in the big cities like Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya and Medan, but also in \n\nBali (2009: 2). According to the information recorded by Polda Bali, 98 different cases of \n\ncoercion took place from 1997 to 2007 in Bali with various causes. This has been extremely \n\nfrightening. It is stated that national and local political problems were responsible for 14 cases, \n\n12 of which took place in Buleleng Regency and six of them were related to the general election \n\n(Pemilu = Pemiluhan Umum) and election conducted to vote for district heads (Pilkada = \n\nPemilihan Kepala Daerah). Therefore, it is interesting to explore Buleleng Regency. \n\n What has made it interesting to be explored is not only the quantity but also the quality. \n\nSince the New Order government fell in May 1998 and reformation era started, many cases of \n\npolitical coercion such as Sukasada case, Banjar case, Padangbulia case and the massive violence \n\nresulting from the failure of Megawati to be the president of the Republic of Indonesia, \n\nPetandakan case and the case resulting from the election conducted to directly vote for district \n\nheads (Pilkada)   took place until 2007 in Buleleng Regency. \n\n From the cultural and structural diminutions, Balinese people in general and the people \n\nliving in Buleleng Regency in particular are rich enough in cultural concepts and media as the \n\nlocal genius for strengthening relationship among them such as Tri Hita Karana, tat twam asi, \n\nkarma pala, menyaba-braya, paras-paros, sagilik-saguluk, selunglung-sabayantaka, desa adat \n\n(traditional village), subak (farmers\u2019 traditional organization), banjar (the smallest neighborhood \n\nafter a (traditional) village), sekaa (traditional groups), and dadia (big families of traditional \n\nsocial groups) (Geertz, 1992; Geria, 1993; Astra, 2004; Duija, 2006). However, in fact, such \n\nconcepts cannot be fully implemented. This can be proved by the many forms of conflicts and \n\ncoercion taking place in Buleleng Regency related to the general election and the election \n\nconducted to directly vote for district heads (Pilkada).", "start_char_idx": 2682, "end_char_idx": 5073, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fe8b6766-f3a8-47db-8fc0-65c6fc8d061c": {"__data__": {"id_": "fe8b6766-f3a8-47db-8fc0-65c6fc8d061c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3650", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "2296e8e45ac43c0e834aa2deac3313b450ebeb4c17d52f4455e602f70e56c952", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9526b20d-e28e-4826-b149-27226c839c9c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "e1eab2303575cce21ecbe6268558514d6f8dac6306a4f26a188bb608d2cc4d0a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f08a4eab-db3c-4378-ad7a-53e7c227f989", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3295317eb758778d50bd634c4bcab8dc3e874512bb82f6c2a337e475820811fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\u00a0\n\n\u00a0\n\n The cases of political coercion were not only related to the segment of \u2018context\u2019 and to \n\nthe factors responsible for them and to the segment of \u2018events\u2019, but also to insights, motives or \n\nideologies. \n\n Based on the background described above, three main problems are formulated in this \n\nstudy. First, what factors leading to the cases of political coercion, especially those related to the \n\nPemilu and the pilkada in Buleleng Regency, in the reformation era?; second, how they took \n\nplace and what they were like; third, what ideologies leading to them and what implications they \n\nhad on the socio-cultural life of the people living in Buleleng Regency? \n\n \n\nMETHOD \n\n Qualitative method highlighting holistic, emic and ethical description is adopted in this \n\nstudy. As a qualitative type of research, the results of the study are represented in a narrative way \n\nin which the aspects related to the cases of political coercion in the general elections conducted \n\nin 1999 and 2004 and the election conducted to directly vote for district heads in 2007 are \n\ndescribed. The data used in this study were obtained from the primary and secondary data \n\nsources. The primary data were directly obtained through observation and in-depth interview. \n\nAnd the secondary data were obtained from documents such as books, scientific magazines, \n\nofficial files and documents, photographs and so forth. \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION  \n\n The New Order government fell in May 1998, after which reformation era started. Since \n\nthe general election was conducted in 2004 and 207 and the Pilkada was conducted in 2007, \n\nmany cases of political coercion took place in Buleleng Regency. The political movement and \n\nresistance shown by those who supported the pro-Megawati PDI in Bueleng Regency marked \n\nthis and the accumulated disappointment in the discriminative and repressive political attitude of \n\nthe national leaders was responsible for this. Such political movement and resistance led to a \n\nseries of cases of political coercion such as Sukasada case, Banjar case, Padangbulia case,", "start_char_idx": 5082, "end_char_idx": 7175, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f08a4eab-db3c-4378-ad7a-53e7c227f989": {"__data__": {"id_": "f08a4eab-db3c-4378-ad7a-53e7c227f989", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3650", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "2296e8e45ac43c0e834aa2deac3313b450ebeb4c17d52f4455e602f70e56c952", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fe8b6766-f3a8-47db-8fc0-65c6fc8d061c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "5f5aced5fde41d5f5a55f10f33e29878b36d215fa2d32f603dafc37459cb5d80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7cc54224-692b-4a7e-b7f1-5be4c6401582", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e7fa41d395f86bcbd06a690b9d0fb0b889c8fa31700e63ac2a460dc0e362b0ca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\u00a0\n\n\u00a0\n\nmassive violence resulting from the Megawati\u2019s failure to become the president of the Republic \n\nof Indonesia, Petandakan case and the cases related to the Pilkada.  \n\n The basic question is that what caused political coercion to take place repeatedly?   The \n\npeople living in Buleleng Regency should have learned from their previous experiences in such a \n\nway that such cases would not never occur any more. According to Renier (1997: 9), one of the \n\nfunctions of history is to make people wiser so that coercion will not occur any more. \n\n Referring to the question above, three problems are discussed in this study. The factors \n\nwhich led to such numerous problems are (1) the uncontrolled political desire of the political \n\nelites to have power, which tended to provoke political conflicts and coercion; (2) economic \n\ncapital  in the forms of funds and other precious things was available for maintaining the power; \n\nwhich basically caused political coercion to take place in Buleleng Regency; as can typically \n\nseen from the general election conducted in 2004 and the pilkada conducted in 2007; (3) there \n\nwas strong competition among the political elites in fighting for and maintaining the power; \n\ncausing the social capital available to be getting scarce. In turn, this caused the social \n\nrelationship, which was based on the ideology of \u2018kekitaan\u2019 (being in the in-group) and \n\n\u2018kemerekaan\u2019 (being in the out-group) to be getting sharper; (4) the habitus of the people living \n\nin Buleleng Regency was developing as far as historical revenge is concerned; language and \n\nmythology, as cultural capitals, can be employed to legitimate the political coercion taking place \n\nin the general election and the pilkada conducted in Buleleng Regency;  (5) in the transitional era \n\nfrom the New Order government to the reformation era, the State dominance and hegemony \n\nwere getting weaker as far as political and economic policies and law enforcement were \n\nconcerned. This caused the cases of political coercion to take place in Buleleng Regency; and (6) \n\nthere was instinctiveness and a social frustration; which were related to the feelings being loyal \n\nto, being possessed by and being strictly adhered to the political parties the people belonged to. \n\nThe attributes of the political parties which were being damaged and the disappointment of the \n\npolitical parties\u2019 members and their leaders in injustice illustrated this.  \n\n The cases of political coercion taking place in Buleleng Regency in the general election \n\nand the pilkada conducted in the reformation era did not occur suddenly but through a series of \n\nprocesses and were related to the culture of creating coercion within individuals and groups. The", "start_char_idx": 7183, "end_char_idx": 9927, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7cc54224-692b-4a7e-b7f1-5be4c6401582": {"__data__": {"id_": "7cc54224-692b-4a7e-b7f1-5be4c6401582", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3650", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "2296e8e45ac43c0e834aa2deac3313b450ebeb4c17d52f4455e602f70e56c952", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f08a4eab-db3c-4378-ad7a-53e7c227f989", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "71b868e17234723a70af5109405c81bbbfdb3ebf796865e09eda24027f8475c0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b7a10b56-40f0-4b6b-8a80-d93d2cfe385b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4abe38bd78920b8934ae0f54b4333a3ed1888e747021cde54e4a5c349ee5ce87", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\u00a0\n\n\u00a0\n\nprocess started from the latent condition to the manifest condition; the next process started from \n\nthe manifest condition to the critical condition; and the last process started from the critical \n\ncondition to the latent condition.  \n\n Based on the semiologic deconstruction related to the meaningfulness provided by the \n\npeople in the lower level and the political elites in the general election and the pilkada \n\nconducted, the ideologies responsible for the cases of political coercion were paternalism system, \n\nbinary opposition, pragmatism and \u2018premanisme\u2019 (the broker of coercion).  The implications of \n\nthe cases of political coercion taking place in Buleleng Regency are that the kinship relationship \n\nbecame broken, the culture of physical coercion shifted to economic and symbolic coercion; and \n\na new consensus was established. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\n The conclusions which can be withdrawn from this study are (1) although the factors \n\nleading to the cases of political coercion in the general election and the pilkada conducted in \n\nBuleleng Regency were complex, they were interrelated and the dominant factors in one case \n\nwere different from those in the other cases; (2) the dynamics of conflict and political coercion \n\npreviously and currently taking place, as can be seen from what happened in the general election \n\nconducted in 1999, dominantly resulted from historical revenge using the system of local \n\npolitical culture as the cultural capital. However, the factors causing those to take place in the \n\ngeneral election conducted in 2004 and the pilkada conducted in 2007 were getting more \n\ncomplex and were tending to adopt the system of global political culture, the game of economic \n\ncapital and intellectual capital. The complexity of the factors causing political coercion to take \n\nplace in Buleleng Regency implicated the system of the current national political culture, \n\nespecially when the general election and the pilkada were conducted; (3) the relationship \n\nbetween the actor and ideology was also responsible for the cases of political coercion; such a \n\nrelationship was in the forms of paternalism related to patron-client culture referred to as dana \n\nbakti; binary opposition mainly related to the difference in  ideology referred to the sate of being \n\n\u2018kekitaan\u2019 (the in-group) and  \u2018kemerekaan\u2019 (the out-group);  pragmatism related to the \n\nappearance of money politics; and \u2018premanism\u2019 related to the broker of coercion.", "start_char_idx": 9935, "end_char_idx": 12419, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b7a10b56-40f0-4b6b-8a80-d93d2cfe385b": {"__data__": {"id_": "b7a10b56-40f0-4b6b-8a80-d93d2cfe385b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3650", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "2296e8e45ac43c0e834aa2deac3313b450ebeb4c17d52f4455e602f70e56c952", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7cc54224-692b-4a7e-b7f1-5be4c6401582", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "70d3dfdfb819c9b9dbe60b9321ce27bc944f7057a1358855dcf00ef44a63bd0f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f4fd2db6-3f6c-48d3-9c34-41c3120a4f02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "786a5f7dd0b40a998342edf09ace005b92ce596aeb812d14698c95ac40e3cafd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\u00a0\n\n\u00a0\n\n \n\nSUGGESTION  \n\n It is expected that the results of the study are academically and practically used as the \n\nreference by the government in general and the decision maker in particular. It is necessary for \n\nthe government, political elites, academicians and the community leaders to simultaneously \n\ncoordinate to socialize the values and the democratic principles to the young generation as an \n\nearly process of political education. This is highly important so that Buleleng termed as bumi \n\npanas is not denotatively meant to express that the people living in Buleleng Regency are \n\ninstantly getting emotional. Instead, bumi panas is connotatively used to express Buleleng which \n\nis developed, peaceful and prosperous. \n\n These forms of symbolic coercion will disappear if the government is able to make its \n\npeople prosperous by preparing sufficient job opportunities. The limitations in this study make it \n\nnecessary to conduct further, deeper and more comprehensive research. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \n\n Motivation, guidance, assistance and cooperative provided by numerous parties have \n\ncontributed to the completion of this dissertation. Therefore, in this opportunity the writer would \n\nlike to highly appreciate Prof. Dr. I Nengah Bawa Atmadja, MA, as the supervisor for his full \n\nattention and his enthusiasm, guidance and suggestion provided during the completion of this \n\ndissertation. The writer would also like to thank Prof. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, MA as Co-\n\nsupervisor I and Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, MA as Co-supervisor II for the attention, guidance \n\nand suggestion provided. \n\n High appreciation is also extended to the Rector of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. I \n\nMade Bakta, Sp.PD. (KHOM) for the opportunity and facilities provided to the writer when \n\njoining and completing the Doctorate Program of Udayana University. Many thanks also go to \n\nthe Director of the Postgraduate Program of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. Anak Agung Raka \n\nSudewi, Sp.S. (K) and Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, MA, Vice Director I, and Dr. Ir. Budi Susrasa,", "start_char_idx": 12428, "end_char_idx": 14503, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f4fd2db6-3f6c-48d3-9c34-41c3120a4f02": {"__data__": {"id_": "f4fd2db6-3f6c-48d3-9c34-41c3120a4f02", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3650", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "2296e8e45ac43c0e834aa2deac3313b450ebeb4c17d52f4455e602f70e56c952", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b7a10b56-40f0-4b6b-8a80-d93d2cfe385b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "79d328c854dd5ec553584eaefdf87def5509d26176be8c42b3d4fc0dc4829b80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "43b9908c-2521-408b-bbc2-bb743d5dca86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "30ee1f68f9c8912993dec12f5cf1b23e6b206b7a4578a3f77234e14a2cf72b82", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\u00a0\n\n\u00a0\n\nVice Director II for the opportunity and assistance provided to the writer while being a student at \n\nthe Doctorate Program of the Postgraduate Program of Udayana University. Being indebted is \n\nalso extended to the Dean of the Faculty of Letters of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I Wayan \n\nArdika, MA for the permission provided to the writer to join the Doctorate Program.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nA Pozzolini. 2006. Pijar-Pijar Pemikiran Gramsci. (Eko PD Penerjemah). Yogyakarta : Nailili \nPrintika. \n\nAbidin, Z. 2005. Penghakiman Massa Kajian atas Kasus dan Pelaku. Jakarta. Accompli \nPublishing \n\nAgger, Ben. 2003. Teori Sosial Kritis Kritik, Penerapan dan Implikasinya. (Nurhadi \nPenerjemah). Yogyakarta: Kreasi wacana. \n\nAlthusser, Louis. 1984. Tentang Ideologi: Marxisme Strukturalis, Psikoanalis, Cultural Studies. \n(Penerjemah: Olsy Vinoli Arnof). Yogyakarta: Jalasutra \n\nAstra, I Gde Semadi, 2004. \u201cRevitalisasi Kearifan Lokal dalam Memperkokoh Jatidiri Bangsa di \nEra Globalisasi\u201d. Dalam Politik Kebudayaan dan Identitas Etnik. I wayan ardika dan \nNyoman Dharma Putra (Editor). Denpasar, Fakultas Sastra Unud dan Balimangsi Press \n\nAtmaja, NB dan AT, Atmaja, 2009. \u201cPelampiasan Syawat Kekuasaan dan Ngutang Gae Nagalih \nGae: Pemaknaan Pesta Demokrasi di Bali\u201d. Jurnal Kajian Budaya. Volume 6 Nomor \n11. Halaman 45-82. \n\nDuija, I Nengah. 2006. \u201cRevitalisasi Modal Sosial Masyarakat Bali Berbasis Kearifan Lokal\u201d. \nMakalah dalam Seminar Bali bangkit Bali Kembali. Kerjasama Departemen \nKebudayaan dan Pariwisata RI dengan Universitas Udayana \n\nFromm, E. 1987. Memiliki dan Menjadi tentang Dua Modus Eksistensi.                (F. \nSoesilohardo Penerjemah). Jakarta: LP3ES. \n\nFukuyama, Francis. 2005. Goncangan Besar. Kodrat Manusia dan Tantangan Sosial. ( Masri \nMaris Penerjemah). Jakarta: Gramedia. \n\nGaffar, Afan, 1999. Politik Indonesia Tradisi Menuju Demokrasi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nGaltung, J. 1988. \u201cKekerasan, Perdamaian dan Penelitian Perdamaian\u201d. Dalam Mochtar Lubis \ned. Menggapai Dunia Damai. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Halaman 138-183", "start_char_idx": 14511, "end_char_idx": 16586, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "43b9908c-2521-408b-bbc2-bb743d5dca86": {"__data__": {"id_": "43b9908c-2521-408b-bbc2-bb743d5dca86", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3650", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "2296e8e45ac43c0e834aa2deac3313b450ebeb4c17d52f4455e602f70e56c952", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f4fd2db6-3f6c-48d3-9c34-41c3120a4f02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "0278e73e25290b5981ead15e126e7457ada3ec5bbff2e3665841301a398039bb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "43c9a59c-1fb1-4206-9de7-6cbb66f5471e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "008214a0f4b7638cf9a3f465e85e1187d74cb867fa6078d6f15cb0b9d3d20ddb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "8\u00a0\n\n\u00a0\n\nGeertz, Clifford, 1992 . Politik Kebudayaan, Terjemahan, Yogyakarta, Kanisius. \n\nGeriya, I Wayan. 1993. \u201cModel Interaksi Kebudayaan dan Industri Pariwisata pada Masyarakat \nBali\u201d. Dalam Kebudayaan dan Kepribadian Bangsa. Tjok Rai Sudharta, dkk (Editor), \nDenpasar, Upada Sastra \n\nGurr, T.R. 2002. \u201dDeprivasi Relatif dan Kekerasan\u201d. Dalam Thomas Santoso ed. Teori-Teori \nKekerasan. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia. Halaman 62-88. \n\nHabermas, Jurgen, 1998. On the Pragmatics of Communication. Massachuserrs: The MITT \nPress. \n\nRitzer, George- Goodman Douglas J. 2003. Teori Sosial Posmodern. (Muhammad Taufik \nPenerjemah). Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nRobinson, Geoffrey. 2006. Sisi Gelap Pulau Dewata Sejarah Kekerasan Politik. Yoygyakarta: \nLkiS \n\nSusan, Novri. 2009. Sosilogi Konflik Isu-Isu Konflik Kontemporer. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada \nMedia Group", "start_char_idx": 16594, "end_char_idx": 17446, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "43c9a59c-1fb1-4206-9de7-6cbb66f5471e": {"__data__": {"id_": "43c9a59c-1fb1-4206-9de7-6cbb66f5471e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3652", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "d1e2bcef709896728a7fec28edd38df2aed6743605e74702a5241b09a3ef3b3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "43b9908c-2521-408b-bbc2-bb743d5dca86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3650", "author": "Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan", "title": " POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3650.pdf"}, "hash": "e3f085148b180a0fe962e86a9f88fe13f270658044e6de54baf4549dbe170442", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ac322d33-443b-40bd-bc93-2a72c65a44d3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f705c4cf49f0249843c6d18c34723651dab15039be017dc3f7a2911adfbb622b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-journal Riniti\n\n\n 1\n\nTHE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION \nIN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM \n\n1997 TO 2004 \n(IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES) \n\n \nLuh Riniti Rahayu1,  Tjok. Istri Putra Astiti2, \n\nI Made Suastika3,  I Gde Parimartha3 \n \n\n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n2Faculty of Law, Udayana University \n\n3Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \nE-mail: rin_iti@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n This study discusses the Balinese women\u2019s political participation in the \ngeneral elections conducted in 1997, 1999 and 2004. During these years, in spite \nof being supported by reformation, there was a gap with regard to the Balinese \nwomen\u2019s participation in politics, which was assumed to result from numerous \nfactors. Therefore, the problems formulated in this study are (1) how the Balinese \nwomen politically participated in the general elections conducted in 1997, 1999 \nand 2004; (2) what factors affected their political participation in the general \nelections conducted in 1997, 1999 and 2004?; (3) what were the effects and \nmeanings of their political participation in the general election conducted in 1997, \n1999 and 2004 viewed from the values of equality in gender? Qualitative method \nwith multidisciplinary approach from the perspective of cultural studies was \nadopted in this study. Several critical social theories were employed for \nsharpening the analysis. \n The results of the study show that the Balinese women\u2019s political \nparticipation in the general election conducted in 1997 was 11.11%; that the \nrecruitment system still referred to the concepts applied in the New Order, that is, \nthrough the women\u2019s organizations established by the government with high \nnepotism. While their political participation in the general election conducted in \n1999 decreased by 1.62% as a consequence of reformation, in the general election \nconducted in 2004 it rose by 7.27%, resulting from the changes in the general \nelection regulations. The factors which encouraged the Balinese women to \nparticipate in politics were that they were influenced by the men who were \npoliticians and close to them such as their husbands and fathers, the women\u2019s \nmovements and the general election regulations. As far as the domestic domain is \nconcerned, their political participation was positive. What is meant is that they \nwere able to acquire asymmetric relation of power; however, negatively, they had \nmultiple responsibilities resulting from the multiple roles they played. In the \npolitical domain, they were dominated by men; in addition, their political \nparticipation gave the meanings of equality, being constitutional and being \nprestigious. \n \nKeywords: the Balinese women, politics and general election", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2811, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ac322d33-443b-40bd-bc93-2a72c65a44d3": {"__data__": {"id_": "ac322d33-443b-40bd-bc93-2a72c65a44d3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3652", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "d1e2bcef709896728a7fec28edd38df2aed6743605e74702a5241b09a3ef3b3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "43c9a59c-1fb1-4206-9de7-6cbb66f5471e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "bf17202602e2eed0057d1107e78eb0ad10e39192228ce6c547a46ed366e5e2e3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fb2c9059-dd23-4135-96c6-eb7ff84b4b70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "06cf82f48ff771ebe3f788a455becea653c7d3ef22325122d746c945abb37047", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2\n\n \nINTRODUCTION  \n The democratic life in Indonesia cannot be separated from women as the \n\ncitizens. In clause1 of article 27 of the 1945 Constitution, it is stated that:  \n\n \n\u201cEvery citizen has equal position both in law and in the government which \nshould be highly respected without any exception.\u201d \n \nThe clause above reflects that women as the men\u2019s partners should have \n\nthe same opportunities as the men in carrying out all aspects of development \n\nincluding voting  and being voted for in democratic life.  \n\nAs far as the political rights of every female and male citizen, Indonesia, \n\nas a state, is committed to implementing the Beijing Declaration and the \n\nDeclaration of the United Nations that guarantee that every woman has the right \n\nto take part in the decision making institutions. Such a commitment guarantees \n\nthat the men\u2019s political participation is equal to the women\u2019s and this was \n\nfollowed up by stating in clause (1) of article 6 of the Act Number 12 of 2003 that \n\nthe women\u2019s representation was 30%.  \n\nNormatively, the participation of women and men in politics should not \n\nhave been a problem. However, the fact shows that, although Indonesia has been \n\nindependent for 64 years and has conducted 10 general elections, the percentage \n\nof the women\u2019s participation in politics is still left far behind compared to the \n\nmen\u2019s.  \n\nThe low participation of the women in politics and public positions was \n\nresponsible for their being underdeveloped in numerous areas of life particularly \n\nin education, health, matters pertaining to manpower and discrimination and \n\ncoercion, which affected the state\u2019s welfare and progress as a whole (Soetjipto, \n\n2005). \n\nBased on the background described above, this study aims at identifying \n\nthe Balinese women\u2019s political involvement in the general elections conducted \n\nstarting from 1977 to 2004. The problems in this study were formulated as \n\nfollows: (1) how the Balinese women politically participated in the general \n\nelections conducted from 1997 to 2004?; (2) what factors affected their political \n\nparticipation in the general elections conducted from 1997 to 2004?; (3) what \n\nwere the effects and meanings of their political participation in the general", "start_char_idx": 2817, "end_char_idx": 5064, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fb2c9059-dd23-4135-96c6-eb7ff84b4b70": {"__data__": {"id_": "fb2c9059-dd23-4135-96c6-eb7ff84b4b70", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3652", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "d1e2bcef709896728a7fec28edd38df2aed6743605e74702a5241b09a3ef3b3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ac322d33-443b-40bd-bc93-2a72c65a44d3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "57d4a3acca38ae9b37f6c1b8a6f7b449e76822c373d74f1c84b1cba3cbad1b9d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a5610d6f-3713-4454-8405-2f99198e3801", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "18fc6db0f16cb355769b4b10b6cfa0245e478af577c87f1ea1bfbc5566371c0b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3\n\nelections conducted from 1997 to 2004 viewed from the values of equality in \n\ngender? \n\n \nRESEARCH METHOD  \n\nThe multidisciplinary approach in the perspective of cultural studies and \n\nqualitative method were adopted in this study. The study was conducted in Bali \n\nProvince. The data needed was obtained by in-depth interview, note taking and \n\ndocumentation. The data was interpretatively, qualitatively and descriptively \n\nanalyzed using the theory of post feminism, the theory of hegemony, the theory of \n\npower relation/knowledge and the theory of communicative act.  The results of \n\nthe study were analytically and descriptively presented. \n\n \nRESULTS OF THE STUDY \n\nThe results of the study are as follows: (1) in the general elections \n\nconducted from 1997 to 2004 the women\u2019s participation fluctuated resulting from \n\nthe change in political system from the New Order era  into the Reformation era; \n\n(2) the factors leading to the women\u2019s political participation in the general \n\nelections conducted from 1997 to 2004 were their being close either to their \n\nhusbands or their fathers who happened to be politicians, the women\u2019s movements \n\nand the change in the general elections regulations; (3) the women\u2019s political \n\nparticipation in the general elections conducted from 1997 to 2004 provided \n\npositive and negative effects. Positively, the women were able to have asymmetric \n\nrelation of power in the domestic domain. Negatively, the women had multiple \n\nresponsibilities. Politically, the men dominated the women. The Balinese \n\nwomen\u2019s political participation in the general elections conducted from 1997 to \n\n2004 provided several meanings; they are the meaning of being equal to the men \n\nin the society and the meaning of being prestigious. \n\nDISCUSSION    \n\n The women\u2019s representation in the Bali Province Legislative Assembly \n\n(DPRD Bali) obtained from the general election conducted in 1997 was 11.11%. \n\nThis general election was conducted in the transition period from the New Order \n\nera into the reformation era. The women were recruited with reference to the \n\nconcepts applied during the New Order era, that is, through the women\u2019s", "start_char_idx": 5070, "end_char_idx": 7239, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a5610d6f-3713-4454-8405-2f99198e3801": {"__data__": {"id_": "a5610d6f-3713-4454-8405-2f99198e3801", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3652", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "d1e2bcef709896728a7fec28edd38df2aed6743605e74702a5241b09a3ef3b3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fb2c9059-dd23-4135-96c6-eb7ff84b4b70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "3775f82524983db5b260292996890a4139d5bfaf312d0e6655d8102d0d3d8ba7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "973ead8c-c663-49bc-80af-74c336eb605b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0c1972162e507d060b9a0b1156581ac8af5efb032e8918e701b79d4c424a775c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4\n\norganizations established by the government such as Darma Wanita, Darma \n\nPertiwi and PKK. The number of women recruited was based on the quota \n\ndetermined with nepotism through the Golongan Karya political party. In the \n\nprocess of the female legislative assembly candidates, the practices of hegemony \n\nwere imposed by the government over the Golongan Karya Party, which was the \n\ndominating party at that time. Antonio Gramci (1891-1937) in Ritzer  (1996) \n\nstated that hegemony refers to one group\u2019s dominance over others with or without \n\nforce, making the ideas given by the dominating group accepted by the dominated \n\nones and considered as common sense. The men\u2019s hegemony over the women in \n\nthe Golongan Karya political party also affected the recruitment process.  \n\n As opposed to the general election conducted in 1977, the women\u2019s \n\npolitical participation decreased in the general election conducted in 1999 from \n\n11.11% to 1.82%. The changes in regulations regulating how the general election \n\nshould be conducted and the number of political parties taking part were \n\nresponsible for such a decrease. No quota was made for the female candidates \n\nfrom the Golongan Karya political party. They freely fought within the 48 \n\npolitical parties taking part for being voted for as the candidates of legislative \n\nmembers. The system of general election in which the symbols of the political \n\nparties with the candidates of female legislative members were elected listed them \n\nwith great numbers. Such a numbering constituted the practice of the men\u2019s \n\nhegemony over the women in the public space. \n\n The correlation between knowledge and power also causes hegemony to \n\ntake place. Foucult (1980: 130-131) states that knowledge contains power, \n\nmeaning that power contains knowledge. Both refer to the same process. The \n\nfemale politicians\u2019 understanding and knowledge were still less developed than \n\nthe male politicians\u2019, making the relation of power/knowledge between the men \n\nand the women in political parties asymmetric. This was responsible for the \n\ninequity underwent by the women with regard to their numerical numbers and for \n\ntheir failure in being voted for. \n\n However, in the general election conducted in 2004 the women\u2019s political \n\nparticipation went up from 1.82% to 7.27%. The reformation era leading to the \n\nchanges in general election regulations led to this. One of the basic changes was \n\nthat the first direct general election was conducted as far as the history of the", "start_char_idx": 7245, "end_char_idx": 9768, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "973ead8c-c663-49bc-80af-74c336eb605b": {"__data__": {"id_": "973ead8c-c663-49bc-80af-74c336eb605b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3652", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "d1e2bcef709896728a7fec28edd38df2aed6743605e74702a5241b09a3ef3b3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a5610d6f-3713-4454-8405-2f99198e3801", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "d8f162858c30c942dc953005855cf2ca1cf116a7c68a574af95ea736654f222d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3e93de1c-f300-4c38-a1f0-a2630c1bf910", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "60876873eb23ed74a69d45354611af9fd032cbe962fda7faf694a0749be778d4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5\n\nIndonesian general election is concerned. The other change in regulation was that \n\nthe least political representation of the women was 30% as prescribed in clause \n\n(1) of article 65 of the General Election Act Number 12 of 2003. Such an article \n\nwas the form of affirmative action made to encourage that the women\u2019s \n\nrepresentation for the political parties submitting the candidates of their legislative \n\nmembers to the General Election Committee should be at least 30%. No sanction \n\nwas imposed upon the political parties who did not implement the article, making \n\nthe women\u2019s representation in the Bali Province Assembly increased by 7.27%; \n\nhowever, 30% participation was not achieved. The imposition of no sanction led \n\nto the men\u2019s practices of hegemony over the women and caused the relation of \n\npower/knowledge within the political parties to be asymmetric. \n\n The factors which affected the Balinese women\u2019s participation in politics \n\nwere external factors, the women\u2019s movements and the changes in regulations. \n\nThe external factors included the fathers or husbands who encouraged them to be \n\npoliticians and who happened to be politicians, the women\u2019s activities shown \n\nthrough the organizations established by the government such as PKK, Dharma \n\nWanita and Dharma Pertiwi. Unlike when the general election was conducted in \n\n1999, when the general election in 2004 was conducted, the organizations \n\nestablished by the government did not play any role resulting from the \n\nreformation era. Instead, families played an important role. What is meant is that \n\nthe decisions pertaining to time, labor and the costs needed for conducting the \n\ngeneral election in 1997 caused the women to be dependent on the support given \n\nby their families.  \n\n The women\u2019s movements to encourage their representation in the \n\nlegislative assembly in the general election conducted in 1997 were still passive. \n\nAs the reformation era started, they were becoming active. The changes in \n\nregulations which caused the affirmative action to take place nationally started \n\nwhen the general election was conducted in 1999. In Bali the movements to \n\nencourage the women to get involved in politics started in 2000. Such movements \n\ncaused the awareness of the political parties to start being seen and the women \n\nwho were politicians started being encouraged to fight politically in the general \n\nelection. The increasing number of the women who were involved in politics can", "start_char_idx": 9774, "end_char_idx": 12259, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3e93de1c-f300-4c38-a1f0-a2630c1bf910": {"__data__": {"id_": "3e93de1c-f300-4c38-a1f0-a2630c1bf910", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3652", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "d1e2bcef709896728a7fec28edd38df2aed6743605e74702a5241b09a3ef3b3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "973ead8c-c663-49bc-80af-74c336eb605b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "f2daa6d8ceb434fda648cb4c9b13f9cd0320cd0022dd85902ff83388452c3ca0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9ebc4762-953b-4649-8eaa-f1e1aa67d6df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a137aaf15ac8a1b6aa00bd2bb5bc9a072ff7f205e97b89e5e690bdb57f140d95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6\n\nbe explained by the theory of post modern feminism, that is, being aware of being \n\nunconstitutional, being suppressed and exploited (Arivia, 2003: 128). \n\n The movement to struggle for the women\u2019s representation in politics can \n\nalso be explained from the theory of the women\u2019s communicative act which is \n\nintended to acquire equality.  Habermas in Magnis Suseno (2000: 221) stated that \n\nthe very basic human act is the communicative or interaction act which is \n\nintended to acquire mutual understanding.  \n\n The effects of the Balinese women\u2019s participation in politics on and its \n\nmeanings to the values of equality in gender are both positive and negative. \n\nPositively, the Balinese women who got involved in politics were able to create \n\nasymmetrical relation of power in domestic domain. The women\u2019s hegemony \n\nover their husbands in domestic domain took place gently. What is meant is that \n\nthey used the strategy which was specific to them for resisting their being \n\nsubordinate in patriarchal culture, that is, giving in in order to win. In domestic \n\ndomain, they did not want to lose their power. In addition to being politicians, \n\nthey still managed their domestic responsibilities. This is one of the negative \n\neffects resulting from their participation in politics; they had multiple \n\nresponsibilities. However, they enjoyed having multiple responsibilities to \n\nmaintain their hegemony over their partners as well as the asymmetric relation in \n\ndomestic domain. \n\n The effect of their participation in political domain was different from that \n\nin domestic domain. In political domain, the women were dominated by the men \n\nand their relation of power was asymmetric. The reason is that the number of the \n\nwomen who were politicians was less than the number of the men who were \n\npoliticians. The limited number of the women who were politicians was \n\nresponsible for their low bargaining power and their inability in making important \n\ndecisions and political agenda in the legislative bodies. \n\n In addition to giving positive and negative effects, the Balinese women\u2019s \n\nparticipation in politics also gave the meanings of being equal, being \n\nconstitutional and being prestigious. The equal numbers of the men and women as \n\nthe legislative members showed the meaning of equality. The asymmetrical \n\nnumbers of the men and women who were politicians in the general elections \n\nconducted in 1997, 1999 and 2004 showed the meaning of asymmetry between", "start_char_idx": 12265, "end_char_idx": 14750, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9ebc4762-953b-4649-8eaa-f1e1aa67d6df": {"__data__": {"id_": "9ebc4762-953b-4649-8eaa-f1e1aa67d6df", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3652", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "d1e2bcef709896728a7fec28edd38df2aed6743605e74702a5241b09a3ef3b3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3e93de1c-f300-4c38-a1f0-a2630c1bf910", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "c62d07b1548a66b538eb85f9fef5673dd1b1c139044b9dd3f85825399b23bc33", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "26c498a4-af16-45a1-af77-4448ac33f21c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9446afce781e2fbe2be5bd04c317be124c2b3ad16664d5ff9ce3d2ddb34a5dbf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "7\n\nthe women and men who were involved in public domain in general and in the \n\npolitical domain in particular. Although the number of the women who were \n\ninvolved in political domain was asymmetrical with the number of the men who \n\nwere involved in political domain, the attempts made to increase the number of \n\nthe women\u2019s representation in politics can be explained using the theory of \n\npostmodern feminism. This had the meaning of acquiring being constitutional in \n\nthe societal life. \n\n To be constitutional in the societal life, the women should not have been \n\nleft behind by their male partners. Therefore, opportunities should have been \n\ngiven to the women to show that they were able to contribute economically to \n\ntheir families and to be the pride of their families. Therefore, being politicians was \n\nhighly meaningful to the Balinese women themselves and their families. Being \n\npoliticians made them more confident and prestigious.  \n\n \nRESEARCH NOVELTIES   \n\n The findings in this study are as follows: (1) the Balinese women\u2019s and \n\nmen\u2019s relations of power in domestic domain and public domain were found out \n\nto reverse. In domestic domain the relation of power between the women and the \n\nmen was asymmetric; the women dominated the men using their specific strategy \n\nto resist their being subordinate in patriarchal culture. In political domain, the men \n\ndominated the women in such a way that the latter was not able to participate in \n\nmaking decisions and controlling political agenda; (2) the Balinese women were \n\nmotivated to participate in political domain by the women who were close to them \n\nsuch as their fathers or husbands who happened to be politicians; (3) the women\u2019s \n\npartners and their families, their political and intellectual abilities, their network \n\nand finance enabled them to be successful in becoming politicians; (4) the \n\nBalinese women were able to create specific strategies to resist their being \n\nsubordinate in patriarchal culture. Such strategies were applied so gently that they \n\ndid not sacrifice others, always respected and appreciated the men, and gave in in \n\norder to win.  \n\n \n\n\n\n 8\n\nCONCLUSSION \n\n It can be inferred that the women were recruited in the general election \n\nconducted in 1997 through the women\u2019s organizations established by the \n\ngovernment with nepotism. The decrease in the women\u2019s participation in the \n\ngeneral election conducted in 1999 resulted from reformation. However, the \n\nincrease in their participation in the general election conducted in 1994 resulted \n\nfrom the changes in the general election regulations. The factors which \n\nencouraged the Balinese women to take part in politics are the influence of the \n\nmen who were politicians and close to them, their movements and the changes in \n\nthe general election regulations. In domestic domain their participation in politics \n\nwas positive, that is, they were able to create asymmetric relation of power; \n\nhowever, negatively, they had multiple responsibilities resulting from the multiple \n\nroles they played. In political domain, they were dominated by the men; however, \n\ntheir political participation gave the meanings of being equal, being constitutional \n\nand being prestigious.  \n\n \nSUGGESTIONS \n\n Based on the findings above, it is suggested that political comprehension \n\nshould be socialized to people, the political laws should be revised, the women\u2019s \n\nnetwork organizations should be strengthened, and the role of the mass media to \n\ngive impression that the women\u2019s involvement in politics is positive should be \n\ncreated. \n\n \n \nBIBLIOGRAPHY \nArivia, G. 2003. Filsafat Berspektif Feminis. Jakarta: Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan  \nFoucault, M. 1980. Power/Knowledge. Editor Collin Gordon. New York: \n\nPanthenon Books \nRitzer, G. 1996. Teori Sosial Modern.. Edisi Keenam. Jakarta: Kencana \nSoecipto, Ani Widnyani. 2005. Politik Perempuan Bukan Gerhana, Esai-Esai \nPilihan.  \n Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. \nSuseno, Frans Magnis. 2000. 12 Tokoh Etika Abad ke 20. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.", "start_char_idx": 14756, "end_char_idx": 18807, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "26c498a4-af16-45a1-af77-4448ac33f21c": {"__data__": {"id_": "26c498a4-af16-45a1-af77-4448ac33f21c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3652", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "d1e2bcef709896728a7fec28edd38df2aed6743605e74702a5241b09a3ef3b3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9ebc4762-953b-4649-8eaa-f1e1aa67d6df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "3b190316574141bc522d273f2043dce01204f9e7eb6683c2112d4bac9346783b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "401ffa4b-d053-4d5e-9fde-12935afd89f6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "150e1d85d84191348a3a55fd92ebe778e8507d8591463b742839e363ebceee5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "9\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\n In this opportunity the writer would like to thank and highly appreciate \n\nProf. Dr. Tjok Istri Putra Astiti, MS as the main Supervisor; Prof. Dr. I Gde \n\nParimartha, MA as Co-supervisor I; and Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, SU as Co-\n\nsupervisor II for their supervision, guidance and correction so this dissertation can \n\nbe completed in time. The writer would also like to express being indebted to the \n\nRector of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I Made Bakta, Sp.P.D.. (KHOM); the \n\nDirector of Postgraduate Program of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. A.A. Raka \n\nSudewi, SP. S (K); Vice Director I, Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, MA; and Vice \n\nDirector II, Dr. I Ketut Budi Susrusa, MS., for all the opportunities and facilities \n\nprovided to the writer during the completion of her doctorate program at the \n\nPostgraduate Program of Udayana University.  Many thanks and high \n\nappreciation are also extended to all the staff members of the Postgraduate \n\nProgram and all the parties helping the completion of this study.", "start_char_idx": 18815, "end_char_idx": 19850, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "401ffa4b-d053-4d5e-9fde-12935afd89f6": {"__data__": {"id_": "401ffa4b-d053-4d5e-9fde-12935afd89f6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3655", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "40c9796bdb8427bc88606b281efd6ba75b6e16f6c57b5f76513cdc9572d2bd02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "26c498a4-af16-45a1-af77-4448ac33f21c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3652", "author": "Rahayu, Luh Riniti; Putra Astiti, Tjok. Istri; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde", "title": " THE BALINESE WOMEN\u2019S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONDUCTED FROM 1997 TO 2004 (IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES)", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3652.pdf"}, "hash": "ecd2a97a2bbb566d794714bdf80860f466de6cd1dcd374fddd83c8fcc130e1ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3fe10e64-7b72-424e-a495-547b181e2e61", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c79b24af9f822c0f4568bc11f17f44054ba5b4b6591247d7187c39598c11b005", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - E-journal Winsumurti\n\n\nLOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL  \nELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR  \n\nDISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005 \n \n \n\nAnak Agung Gede Oka Wisnumurti1,  I Wayan Ardika2, \nI Gde Parimartha2,  I Made Pasek Diantha3 \n\n \n1Postgraduate Program, Udayana University \n\n 2Faculty of Letters, Udayana University \n3Faculty of Law, Udayana University \n\nE-mail: wisnumurti@yahoo.com \n \n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\n The general election directly conducted to vote for the regent and vice regent \n(Pemilihan Kepala Daerah, abbreviated to Pilkada) by the people in Badung Regency in \n2005 was the first one. The people\u2019s direct involvement in the local political life moved \nhighly dynamically. The struggle for power by various strengths affected various \ndimensions of the people\u2019s lives; therefore, it is interesting to investigate the local \npolitical dynamics in the Pilkada directly conducted in Badung Regency in 2005 in the \nperspective of cultural studies. There are three problems formulated in this study. They \nare (1) what was the dynamics of the Pilkada directly conducted in Badung Regency in \n2005 like?; (2) how the relation of strengths affected the local political dynamics in the \nPilkada directly conducted in Badung Regency in 2005?; (3) what were the implications \nand meanings of the local political dynamics of the Pilkada directly conducted in Badung \nRegency in 2005? \n The results of the study show that fluctuative changes took place continuously \nwith regard to the form and functions of societal structure. Culturally, the people\u2019s \nideology changed from being mono centric into being multi centric. The relation of \nstrengths became segmented into three main strengths forming a new formation of \nstrength referred to as trisula.  This led to an institutional configuration, differentiation of \npower and locality sedimentation, and provided meanings to competition and tolerance, \nemancipatory, political comodification, adaptive leadership and local democratic cultural \nstrengthening. \n \nKeywords: dynamics, local politics, and direct pilkada in Badung Regency", "start_char_idx": 45, "end_char_idx": 2180, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3fe10e64-7b72-424e-a495-547b181e2e61": {"__data__": {"id_": "3fe10e64-7b72-424e-a495-547b181e2e61", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3655", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "40c9796bdb8427bc88606b281efd6ba75b6e16f6c57b5f76513cdc9572d2bd02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "401ffa4b-d053-4d5e-9fde-12935afd89f6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "363c66cf01d52c926bbc380399b65f09eaab7e06a791047ff1c21b1e26d1cb9c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d1b69121-d3e4-4248-91f3-316b62c0c531", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "97c9fc9bcdafe2c8fa12a50fed8a32c6f7e790088c40b78fb753b0b03d8a123a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "INTRODUCTION \n \n Geopolitically, economically and socio-culturally, Badung Regency is one of the \n\nstrategic regencies in Bali.  Badung Regency, which is located in the center of Bali \n\nIsland, is the center of human activities and distribution of products and services. In \n\naddition, it is also the center of tourism which contributes to the State\u2019s revenues. Socio-\n\nculturally, its people are segmented into two main sectors; they are the traditional sector \n\ndeveloping in North Badung and the modern sector developing in South Badung. \n\n On 24th June 2005, the people in Badung Regency conducted the direct Pilkada \n\nfor the first time, which deconstructed the indirect Pilkada , which, according to Harahap \n\n(2005: 5) had been  responsible for various forms of deviation and distortion, money \n\npolitics  and disqualified leadership, and had reduced the people\u2019s sovereignty. According \n\nto Erawan the democratic meaning was reduced in such a way that the democratic system \n\nshould be changed into one which could make the people\u2019s opinions, voice and \n\nperspective appear again (in Sahdan, 2008: 3) by allowing the people to govern \n\n(Sorensen, 2003: 1). The objective is to make humans live better (Rousseau in Philipus, \n\n2004: 116). \n\n By conducting direct general election, according to Prihatmoko (2005: 71), every \n\ncitizen who fulfills the requirements determined has the same right to a political position. \n\nSurbakti (1992: 140-141) refers to this as a form of political participation, in which every \n\ncitizen has the right to determine all the decisions related to and influencing their lives. In \n\naddition, every citizen may provide authority or legitimacy to their leaders (Weber in \n\nHabermas, 2004: 270). The on-going discourse of power has encouraged the dynamics of \n\nthe local political life in Badung Regency. The word dynamics in this case refers to \n\nchanges (Sztomka, 2005: 7), changeable things and sustainability (Ardika, 2005: 18), \n\ncontinuity and incontinuity (Agung, 2006: 2). \n\n The political dynamics taking place cannot be only viewed from one perspective \n\nand monolithically investigated, but should be viewed as a cultural penetration, the \n\ninvolvement of the local political actors as the cultural agents, and the other people\u2019s \n\nstrengths (Piliang, 2005: 3). Based on the background described above, three problems \n\nare analyzed in this study. They are (a) what was the dynamics of the direct Pilkada \n\nconducted in Badung Regency in 2005 like; (b) how the relation of strengths affected the", "start_char_idx": 2198, "end_char_idx": 4739, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d1b69121-d3e4-4248-91f3-316b62c0c531": {"__data__": {"id_": "d1b69121-d3e4-4248-91f3-316b62c0c531", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3655", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "40c9796bdb8427bc88606b281efd6ba75b6e16f6c57b5f76513cdc9572d2bd02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3fe10e64-7b72-424e-a495-547b181e2e61", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "0d1c1f746714794f928489b8e90767517538f24a2af287feb30638357ae203d6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "df7afcb0-4147-426f-bcec-92cbe464bd82", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "045280f5723dec9567a96a960d266ccef102ddd56dae6da5f50d309a063b4648", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "local political dynamics in the direct Pilkada conducted in Badung Regency in 2005?; (c) \n\nwhat were the implications and meanings of the local political dynamics in the direct \n\nPilkada conducted in Badung Regency in 2005? \n\n \nRESEARCH METHOD  \n \n As a research in cultural studies, qualitative method is adopted in this study. The \n\ndata used is qualitative data supported by quantitative data. The primary data was \n\nobtained from the primary data sources through interview, observation and \n\ndocumentation. And the secondary data was obtained through documentation. The data \n\nwas analyzed using the technique of qualitative analysis and the theory of communicative \n\nact, the theory of discourse and knowledge, the theory of hegemony, the theory of three \n\nsocietal strengths which were eclectically used. The results of the study are informally \n\npresented with analytic-inductive description and formally as well. \n\n \n\nRESULTS OF THE STUDY \n \n The results of the study are as follows. First, the dynamics of the direct Pilkada \n\nconducted in Badung Regency in 2005 resulted in fluctuative and  continued changes in \n\nsocietal structure and culture. Second, the relation of strengths affecting the local political \n\ndynamics was segmented into three main strengths. They are political society with its \n\npolitical capital strength, economic society with its economic capital strength and civil \n\nsociety with its socio-cultural capital strength. They operated dynamically, mutually, \n\ncross-interactionally, reciprocally and traspolitically affected. Third, the local political \n\ndynamics in the direct Pilkada conducted in Badung Regency in 2005 implicated a \n\ninstitutional configuration, a strength differentiation and a locality sedimentation. Its \n\nmeanings were competition and tolerance, emancipatory, adaptive leadership and local \n\ndemocratic cultural strengthening.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\n The fluctuative and continued changes taking place in the dynamics of the direct \n\nPilkada refer to the opinion by Ardika (2005: 18). Structurally, the changes took place in \n\nforms, functions, and in the governmental institutions which can be illustrated by the", "start_char_idx": 4744, "end_char_idx": 6909, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "df7afcb0-4147-426f-bcec-92cbe464bd82": {"__data__": {"id_": "df7afcb0-4147-426f-bcec-92cbe464bd82", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3655", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "40c9796bdb8427bc88606b281efd6ba75b6e16f6c57b5f76513cdc9572d2bd02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d1b69121-d3e4-4248-91f3-316b62c0c531", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "37f2c273f599f5062284f782415bff42723908f0c0645efde8dfbedd020a6e1f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3e308b3b-2d2e-4c66-815c-f106179153b6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c0db7220a9a709106309b6fe1c0efb90ac946072cc3d5b9c2f1ef5e70bc58028", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "establishment of the Local General Election Committee (Komite Pemilihan Kepala \n\nDaerah, abbreviated to KPUD) and the reduced roles of the dominant political parties \n\nresulting from the establishment of the coalition of political parties and the appearance of \n\neconomic society and civil society as the strengths balancing the political hegemony. \n\nStructurally, the orientation of politics and power which used to be logo-centric shifted to \n\nbeing multi-centric. This is in line with Van Loon\u2019s opinion that any change taking place \n\nwas related to the matters pertaining to power and politics and the need for marginalized \n\nsocial groups for representation as the characteristic of cultural studies (in Mudana, \n\n2005). \n\n The local political dynamics taking place, in addition to involving electoral \n\ndimension, also took non electoral dimensions such as civil freedom into account. \n\nGramsci (in Cullar, 2006: 49-51) considered civil society a supra structure (politics and \n\nculture) in which the hegemonic position was struggled for. This took place through \n\npolitical and ideological leadership (Gramsci, in Simon, 2004: 19). The relation of \n\nstrengths affecting the local political dynamics in the direct Pilkada conducted in Badung \n\nRegency in 2005 was segmented into three main strengths; they are political strength, \n\neconomic strength and civil strength; each was supported by political capital, economic \n\ncapital and social capital (Bourdiau in Jankins, 2004: 126). The relation of strengths took \n\nplace dynamically, interactionally, reciprocally and traspolitically. The existence of \n\neconomic strength with its economic capital made the candidates fulfill the political costs \n\nneeded. Social and symbolic capitals of the palace (as a place where the values of power \n\noperates), the temple (as a means of interacting between the leaders and their people  \n\nequally framed with ethic values, morality and religiosity), pakraman (referring to the \n\npeople as the owner and supporter of power so that it can operate), and purana  (the rule, \n\nguidance and agreement as the form of collective willingness) which functioned as the \n\nstrength of civil society enabled the local values to appear again.  \n\n The local political dynamics in the direct Pilkada conducted in Badung Regency \n\nin 2005 implicated an institutional configuration, a differentiation of power and locality \n\nsedimentation. What is meant is that the local communal and associational solidarity was \n\nbecoming stronger. The collective awareness as a form of the Badung people\u2019s \n\nemancipatory movement was created through communicative act, that is, local genius", "start_char_idx": 6914, "end_char_idx": 9568, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3e308b3b-2d2e-4c66-815c-f106179153b6": {"__data__": {"id_": "3e308b3b-2d2e-4c66-815c-f106179153b6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3655", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "40c9796bdb8427bc88606b281efd6ba75b6e16f6c57b5f76513cdc9572d2bd02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "df7afcb0-4147-426f-bcec-92cbe464bd82", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "fd97d2eedbb80db3342e50dab4d9e087d5e522df950f8818159950fa6f3531ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0b0f41d0-f4e3-4c32-be40-905ecba8a464", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6e4748137baa0a7ff63b4bf8d28172a503f0b41aa62c6fe705c4bcc9099e9b11", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "values-based residency. Then,  the acculturation of modern democratic values \n\ncharacterized by freedom, appreciation of being different, equality as suggested by the \n\nlocal genius values such as tatwamasi, paras paros sarpanaya, menyambraya, sesana \n\nmanut linggih manut sesana took place. The meanings of the local political dynamics in \n\nthe direct Pilkada in Badung Regency in 2005 were competition and tolerance, \n\nemancipatory, political comodification, adaptive leadership and local democratic culture \n\nstrengthening. What is meant is that the local genius values appeared again, which was \n\nreferred to by Derrida as deconstruction created by constructing the native meanings \n\n(Sim, 2002: 26-27), Ratna, 2005: 250-251). \n\n \n\nFINDINGS  \n\n Based on what has been discussed above, the findings of this study are as follows. \n\n(1) Fluctuative and continued changes took place in structure, form, function and \n\ninstitution. In the governmental level the local general election committee was \n\nestablished, in the level of political parties coalition of political parties was established \n\nand in the community level economic society and civil society appeared to struggle for \n\npower. (2) The orientation of politics and power changed as well from being logo-centric \n\ninto being multi-centric. (3) Subjective rationality was growing up in the form of \n\ncollective awareness as communicative act to resist political  hegemony. (4) Alternative \n\nstrength appeared, that is, economic society and civil society as the strengths significantly \n\ncausing the political map in the direct Pilkada to change. (5) The influential strengths \n\nworked together to form a new strength referred to as  trisula society united within a \n\nstrength and operating within the context of desa (the place), kala (the time) and patra \n\n(the situation). (6) Communal solidarity and locality sedimentation was getting stronger. \n\n(7) Political comodification took place in the local political dynamics. (8) Adaptive \n\nleadership was also found out. (9) The traditional strengths and local genius values \n\nappeared again making the local democratic culture stronger.", "start_char_idx": 9573, "end_char_idx": 11719, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0b0f41d0-f4e3-4c32-be40-905ecba8a464": {"__data__": {"id_": "0b0f41d0-f4e3-4c32-be40-905ecba8a464", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3655", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "40c9796bdb8427bc88606b281efd6ba75b6e16f6c57b5f76513cdc9572d2bd02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3e308b3b-2d2e-4c66-815c-f106179153b6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "eb1a8cee9ecc98ad1059934e301dba2722a15f735088340713a6152b8bcfd06a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fe463f6f-5268-45df-92b7-c6f41fc716cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a37e1421548faead59b32cb37a17106647d4b096a8311834c91fbc790965420e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CLOSING  \n\n It can be concluded that the dynamics of the direct Pilkada conducted in Badung \n\nRegencynin 2005 resulted in fluctuative and continued changes in the community \n\nstructure and culture. The relation of strengths were segmented into three main strengths \n\nsuch as the strength of political society, the strength of economic society and the strength \n\nof civil society which took place interactionally, reciprocally and traspolitically. The local \n\npolitical dynamics implicated an institutional configuration, a differentiation of strengths \n\nand locality sedimentation. And its meanings include competition and tolerance, \n\nemancipatory, political comodification, adaptive leadership and local democratic culture \n\nstrengthening. \n\n Based on the findings mentioned above, theoretically, the results of this study can \n\nbe taken into account in the attempts made to develop cultural studies directed to the local \n\npolitical studies. To the next researchers, the matters pertaining to the local political \n\ndynamics especially such as conflict, cultural and structural coercion and  the role of the \n\nlocal institutions in obstructing or supporting the local political strengthening are \n\nrecommended. Practically, it is suggested that the decision makers, the KPUD, the \n\npolitical parties and the community should enhance their political knowledge and \n\nunderstanding and discover the relevant local genius values for constructing the local \n\npolitics so that the local genius values-based democratic understanding can be enhanced. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \n The writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A. as the supervisor, \nProf. Dr. I Gde Parimartha, M.A., as co-supervisor I, and Prof. Dr. I Made Pasek Diantha, \nS.H., M.A., as co-supervisor II for their time spared, input, guidance, motivation provided \nand patience during the completion of this dissertation. The writer would also like to \nthank Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U., and Prof. Dr. Nyoman Kutha Ratna, S.U., as Head \nand Secretary of the Doctorate Program of the Study Program of Cultural Studies of \nUdayana University for their guidance, direction, attention and motivation provided. In \naddition, the writer would also like to thank the Director of Postgraduate Program of \nUdayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S.(K); Vice Director I, Prof. Dr. \nMade Budiarsa, M.A., and Vice Director II, Dr. Ir. Budi Susrasa, for their acceptance, \nfacilities, assistance and support provided.", "start_char_idx": 11736, "end_char_idx": 14230, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fe463f6f-5268-45df-92b7-c6f41fc716cf": {"__data__": {"id_": "fe463f6f-5268-45df-92b7-c6f41fc716cf", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-3655", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "40c9796bdb8427bc88606b281efd6ba75b6e16f6c57b5f76513cdc9572d2bd02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0b0f41d0-f4e3-4c32-be40-905ecba8a464", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "f50ed68c64f00f74a0cc054460c242d16a0e83203d7f4fe51fd24a048296928a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d2b58e79-e99f-4e2b-9937-c6a1e0f0f7d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "075a15c2e9ae3a8746427897e63623a8239f507a03c2dbff0cf02398a6f09da9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "BIBLIOGRAPHY \n \n\nArdika, I Wayan. 2005. \u201cKearifan Lokal dan Ketahanan Budaya Bali\u201d, dalam  \nKompetensi Budaya dalam Globalisasi, Darma Putra dan Windhu Sancaya \n(ed.), Denpasar: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Udayana dan Pustaka Larasan. \n\nHarahap, Asri, Abdul. 2005. Manajemen dan Resolusi Konflik Pilkada. Jakarta: \nCidesindo. \n\nHabermas, Jurgen. 2004. Krisis Legitimasi (Terjemahan Yudi Santoso), Yogyakarta: \nQalam. \n\nHardiman, Budi.A., 1993. Menuju Masyarakat Komunikatif, Ilmu, Masyarakat, Politik, \ndan Postmodernisme menurut Jurgen Habermas. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nJenkins, Richard. 2004. Membaca Pikiran Pierre Bourdieu, Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \nMudana, I Gede. 2005. Pembangunan Bali Nirwana Resort di Kawasan Tanah Lot: \n\nHegemoni dan Perlawanan di Desa Braban, Tabanan, Bali.  Disertasi \nProgram Doktor Kajian Budaya, Program Pascasarjana Universitas \nUdayana, Denpasar.  \n\nPhilipus, Ng., dan Aini, Nurul. 2004. Sosiologi dan Politik, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo \nPersada. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf A. 2005. Transpolitika, Dinamika Politik di dalam Era Virtualitas. \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra.  \n\nPrihatmoko, Joko J.  2005.  Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Langsung, Filosofi, Sistem dan \nProblema Penerapan di Indonesia.  Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.  \n\nPutra Agung, Anak Agung Gde. 2006. Peralihan Sistem Birokrasi dari Tradisional ke \nKolonial.  Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nRatna, Kuta, I Nyoman. 2005. \u201cPosmodernisme: Ciri-ciri, Perkembangan, dan Teori yang \nRelevan. Makalah Pada Kuliah Perdana Hahasiswa S2 dan S3 Kajian \nBudaya\u201d. Universitas Udayana, Denpasar \n\nSahdan, Gregorius dkk. 2008. Politik Pilkada, Tantangan Merawat Demokrasi. \nYagyakarta: The Indonesian Power For Democracy (IPD). \n\nSim, Stuart. 2002. Derrida dan Akhir Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Jendela \nSimon, Roger. 2004. Gagasan-Gagasan Politik Gramsci. Yogyakarta:  Pustaka Pelajar. \nSorensen, George. 2003. Demokrasi dan Demokratisasi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \nSurbakti, Ramlan. 1992. Memahami Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Widyasarana. \nSztompka, Piotr. 2005. Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial. Jakarta: Penanda.", "start_char_idx": 14238, "end_char_idx": 16317, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d2b58e79-e99f-4e2b-9937-c6a1e0f0f7d2": {"__data__": {"id_": "d2b58e79-e99f-4e2b-9937-c6a1e0f0f7d2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36919", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "708d13b9d98d0d776d2a9246194a7fb1c24da6c2d8eafcf816beef981849eaaf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fe463f6f-5268-45df-92b7-c6f41fc716cf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-3655", "author": "Oka Wisnumurti, Anak Agung Gede; Ardika, I Wayan; Parimartha, I Gde; Pasek Diantha, I Made", "title": " LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005", "date": "2012-11-26", "file": "ecs-3655.pdf"}, "hash": "5ddd329f8272811427e309bf3ff705bcc4521b1fdce6db76d303c9652022af37", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8d7c7fa2-de93-4572-b591-9bb10b78f0f6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "66f408d7dcee3fa31f374973b45ce3c6ddad8790b913ee1280fe143914930d1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Ketut Ardhana 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \n \n\nTHE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: \nTHE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT  \n\nOF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA \n \n\nI Ketut Ardhana1, Sulandjari2, I Ketut Setiawan3 \n123Faculty of Arts Universitas Udayana \n\nemail: 1phejepsdrlipi@yahoo.com  \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nBesakih is one of the biggest Hindu temple in Bali and the temple of Sukuh \nand Cetho are the Hindu temple that still existing in Central Java. These temples \nhave their similarity and differences in the context of how to develop the \nsustainable tourist development in Indonesia. However, there are not many \nexperts who understand about the cultural relation between the temple of Besakih \nin Bali, Sukuh and Cetho in Central Java. This becomes important since the \nindigenization process that took place in the past of history in the two islands are \nsignificant to be understood in terms of social cultural, economic and political \ndevelopment in which their influences can be seen at the modern and postmodern \nBalinese culture. The development of Balinese temple of Besakih can be \nconsidered in the 11th century, while for Sukuh and Cetho temple after the fall of \nMajapahit kingdom in the 15th century. Therefore, it can be said that Hindu did not \nonly develop in Bali, but also in Central Java, in which the development of Hindu \nfor the beginning already took place indeed in the 7th to 8th in the context of Hindu \nMataram namely in the era of king Sanjaya. The main questions that are need to \nbe addressed in this paper are how was the process of the end of Majapahit \nculture that caused the cultural indigenization in the central Java such as shown \nin the temple of Sukuh and Cetho? Secondly, in which cultural context that \noccurred since the Javanese kingdoms did not influence the strength of the Hindu \nculture in the later period? Thirdly, how can it be compared the similarity and the \ndifference between the indigenization in Bali and in Central Java?and lastly how \nthe Balinese and the Javanese interprete their own culture in terms of local \nwisdom? By addressing these questions, it is expected to have a better \nunderstanding on how both communities can strengthen their own culture in the \ncontext of their prosperity. \n\n \nKeyword: indigenization, Besakih, Sukuh, Cetho, Balinese and Javanese culture. \n \n  \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\nOne of the impacts of globalization to ask us to think about on how we can improve \n\nthe prosperity of the local people, since the globalization process has caused positive and \n\nnegative impacts. It accordingly causes the emergence of a variant related to the functions", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3002, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8d7c7fa2-de93-4572-b591-9bb10b78f0f6": {"__data__": {"id_": "8d7c7fa2-de93-4572-b591-9bb10b78f0f6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36919", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "708d13b9d98d0d776d2a9246194a7fb1c24da6c2d8eafcf816beef981849eaaf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d2b58e79-e99f-4e2b-9937-c6a1e0f0f7d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "a985fbd087b7a467d7ce2a08b3f5039ce54a25a6f6aefc9d4940d25716b7fc2b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "42dfdd6d-0c87-4155-ac88-946f42a282f6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e9e566b64fbfbe39aece0bf1233a515c613bd8e94f7c6fb79caee999fde17c19", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\nand roles of the temple. From the archaeological and historical accounts it is noted that a \n\ntemple is considered as place for praying and due to the globalization it adds other function \n\nsuch as economic function due to the tourist industry development (Ardhana, 2016). \n\nTherefore, a temple can improve the prosperity of the local communities where the temple is \n\nlocated. \n\nDespite of that it does not mean that the economic function will weaken the cultural \n\nheritages, in which by introducing this function cause the Balinese cultural heritages have \n\nbeen recognized as a world cultural heritage and also as important world tourist destination, \n\nparticularly in order to promote the temple as holy places and will appreciated not only in \n\nterms of religiousity, but also profant values (Ardhana, 2017). From this perspective, it can be \n\nsaid that tourist sector is not only encourage the economic aspect, but also creating new job \n\nopportunities. \n\nIn general, the Hindu Javanese temple has the same function as in Bali as happened \n\nin the Dutch colonial era, Islamization, and Indonesian independence, though there are some \n\nchanges due to the globalization processes Cf. (Ramstedt, 1999 see also: Covarrubias, \n\n1986). Due to the willingness to encourage the economic aspect it is understood that \n\neconomic aspect is related to the tourist industry. From this picture it can be considered that \n\nthere are some different perspectives between the temple in Bali and in Java.  \n\nAt this time, the total number of population in the Berjo Village is around 41 members \n\nand in the surrounding temple are only nine (9) members. It seems that the limited members \n\ndo not actively in managing the tourist industry sectors, though it is noted that most of them \n\nalready informed about the tourism industry since 2003. This can be understood since the \n\ntotal number of population who reside in the surrounding temple is very limited and most of \n\nthem work as the tea farmers. Around the temple it is noted there are around seven (7) coffee \n\nshops and the tourist facilities are managed by the local people. In addition to this, the \n\ngovernment income from the entrance tickets to the temple from the Tourism Office Bureau \n\nin the Central Java, managed by the BPCB Jawa Tengah (Interview with Sugeng, local officer \n\nof the Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Karanganyar, September 15, 2017, see also: Yoeti, 1985). \n\nThe communities in the Cetho village for instance is around 80% of them are Hindu adherents, \n\nwho preserve and maintain the temple as a place for Hindu worship. \n\nIn order to understand the issues regarding \u201cthe Temple of Besakih, Sukuh, and \n\nCetho: The Dynamics of Cultural Heritage in the Context of Sustainable Tourism Development \n\nin Bali and Java\u201d the analysis will be focused on firstly: the geographical and historical", "start_char_idx": 3007, "end_char_idx": 6158, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "42dfdd6d-0c87-4155-ac88-946f42a282f6": {"__data__": {"id_": "42dfdd6d-0c87-4155-ac88-946f42a282f6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36919", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "708d13b9d98d0d776d2a9246194a7fb1c24da6c2d8eafcf816beef981849eaaf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8d7c7fa2-de93-4572-b591-9bb10b78f0f6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "5edf42d5bd22418fb900188fd88870b1d0d4d589847e25079e35273c9a31c12d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3a3c8518-d16e-4e60-81c0-084dd798d471", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "582e7d17eed6432b1808d440a57abbf6bf7027aae17afde3dc1fbe904b2edcf7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nbackground of the temple Besakih, Sukuh and Cetho, secondly: Besakih, Sukuh, and Cetho \n\nas cultural heritage, thirdly: Besakih, Sukuh, and Cetho as cultural heritage, fourth: Besakih, \n\nSukuh, and Cetho as ritual and tourist destination. By discussing these issues, it is expected \n\nto have a better understand about how the local people in Bali and Java in particular, and in \n\nIndonesia in general, to encourage the strengthening of their local culture to be promoted to \n\nthe both domestic and international tourists in order to achieve the goal in terms of prosperity \n\nof the local people (Ardhana 2010, Ardhana, 2012).  \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nGeographical and Historical Background of the Temple Besakih, Sukuh and Cetho \n\nThe Besakih temple in Bali is located very close to the Mount Agung, in the Rendang \n\nsub-district, in Karangasem regncy, in which is considered as one of the world tourist \n\ndestination and also has significant function in the context of ancestor temple (Stuart-Fox, \n\n2010: 125, see also: Surpha, 1979). The Besakih temple was built in the 11th century, while \n\nfor Sukuh and Cetho temple were built after the fall of Majapahit kingdom in the 15th century. \n\nThe Besakih temple symbolizes the Tri Hita Karana consep in which there is a balance and \n\nharmony between man and God, man and man and man with its nature. The temple of Sukuh, \n\nwell known as Candi Sukuh is a complex of Hindu temple, located very close to the Mount \n\nLawu in the Ngargoyoso sub-district and Karanganyar regency in Central Java. Meanwhile, \n\nthe temple of Cetho is located in the Cetho area, Gumeng village, Jenawi sub-district, \n\nKaranganyar regency, Central Java Province. \n\nThe temple of Sukuh is considered as the youngest Hindu temple in Indonesia and it \n\nwas built in the 15th century in the era of Princess Ratu Suhita from 1429 to 1446. While, the \n\ntemple of Cetho is located nearby temple of Sukuh and moreless 11 km. The temple of Sukuh \n\nitself was found by Johnson, a resident from Surakarta in 1815, that Java was under the \n\nGeneral Governor of Stamford Raffles. It is noted that the temple of Sukuh has already \n\npromoted to the tourists in the Dutch colonial era.  \n\nThe temple of Sukuh was built to the west orientation, consists of three levels \n\nsymbolize the way to enter the perfectness. These levels are symbolized with the Indian epics \n\nnamely Bima Suci, Ramayana, Garudeya, Cuddhamala, and Swargarohanaparwa reliefs. \n\nThis means also on how the people would enter the heaven. It is important to note that what \n\nhappened with the Besakih temple, the temple of Sukuh, and Cetho were built in the context \n\nof Megalithicum period, are symbolized with the so called Punden Berundak (in the form of", "start_char_idx": 6163, "end_char_idx": 9197, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3a3c8518-d16e-4e60-81c0-084dd798d471": {"__data__": {"id_": "3a3c8518-d16e-4e60-81c0-084dd798d471", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36919", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "708d13b9d98d0d776d2a9246194a7fb1c24da6c2d8eafcf816beef981849eaaf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "42dfdd6d-0c87-4155-ac88-946f42a282f6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "6642885ec3b35ada1948c721f08f135c722074575febec37ae420cdd11557e47", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0e5704c6-bc66-42d6-bea0-f2bf1b61240f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bbcbc4f7a45a0025adcb22451a1f123e4cda563b28736046196087db841db6c8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\nterraces) as sign of the previous period from the prehistoric time. With this concept, it means \n\nthat the upper area is considered as the most holy place to the Mount of Lawu (circa 1976 m \n\nfrom the sea level), in which is believed that the peak of Mount Lawu to be a places for \n\nancestors. In this context there is acceleration between the Hindu religion and the Balinese \n\nculture, in which the mountain as the places for Gods. There is different condition in compared \n\nto the temple of Sukuh namely the Cetho temple. The temple of Cetho which was built in the \n\n15th century as a Hindu worship in the end period of Majapahit and still using as a place for \n\nritual and religious activities both for the Hindu Javanese and the local Javanese believers or \n\nthe Kejawen, who are the followers of the old Javanese culture and tradition.  \n\nThe Cetho temple was found at the first time by Van de Vlies who was a Dutch \n\narcheology in 1842. According to local tradition, this temple was built in the context of \n\nprotection against the magic power, called Tolak Bala or Ruwatan. It can be understood since \n\nin the downfall of the Majapahit kingdom in the 15th century, there were social, economic and \n\npolitical turbulences in the context of domestic affairs of the Majapahit kingdom. Due to this \n\nunstable political situation, this place accordingly used by the last king of Majapahit, Bravijaya \n\nas a place for meditation. It is believed that the king was in here to avoid meeting with his son, \n\nRaden Patah who had been adhered to Islam.  \n\nIn addition to this, according to the local information based on the types of the stones \n\nand statues it is believed that the Cetho temple was built before the downfall of Majapahit \n\n(interview with Winarno, the temple manager September 15, 2017 in the Cetho temple). In \n\naddition to this, based on the spiritual aspects as a foundation of this temple this becomes a \n\nreason why we can in this temple about the local tradition and Hindu Javanese culture. \n\nTherefore, the function of this temple can be used as a tourist destination for culture and \n\necotourism. \n\n \n\nBesakih, Sukuh, and Cetho as Cultural Heritage \n\nIn the peak of the Sukuh temple as places for offerings in which is used as the place \n\nfor meditation. The uniqueness of the Sukuh temple, that this temple has many reliefs and \n\nstatues in the form of lingga and yoni as symbols for penis and vagina. This indicates that the \n\nSukuh temple as a Hindu temple in which lingga and yoni symbolize the philosophical values \n\nin the man life based on the Hindu beliefs. In addition to this, the lingga and yoni reliefs are \n\nrelated to the examination to a woman on how she is loyal to her husband. It is believed that \n\nfor a woman, who was examined she had to walk to pass the lingga-yoni. If she was", "start_char_idx": 9202, "end_char_idx": 12318, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0e5704c6-bc66-42d6-bea0-f2bf1b61240f": {"__data__": {"id_": "0e5704c6-bc66-42d6-bea0-f2bf1b61240f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36919", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "708d13b9d98d0d776d2a9246194a7fb1c24da6c2d8eafcf816beef981849eaaf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3a3c8518-d16e-4e60-81c0-084dd798d471", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "ff3bbf7a32208a0069457ea5b24fb2abb4099b2e9999275d7aafda244416ec99", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "25b35017-30ab-46b5-8659-ae25e76cff9f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "10c9d70ac396fb89ceefc524aa0174fe25333cb78ea9b3d0e12a357dc8047ef3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\nsuccessful to pass and did not show to her body it meant that she was passed the \n\nexamination.  \n\nIt is already mentioned previously that the Besakih, Sukuh and Cetho as place for \n\nHindu worships, based on the reliefs that exist in the building of those temples. The richness \n\nof the local tradition that is mixed with the local myths will encourage positively the function of \n\nthe Sukuh temple. One of the uniqueness of the Sukuh temple becomes more interesting for \n\nyoung people to visit this temple in relation to the myths. This can be seen at the style of the \n\nbuilding, forms of the statues and messages in the form of penis and vagina that emerged at \n\nthe end of the Majapahit period. Though the temple of Sukuh and Cetho as a Hindu temple in \n\nCentral Java, however the intensity of the visitors who visit the temples have decreased, and \n\nit is even the most people who reside in the surrounding of the temples are non-Hindu and \n\nthis picture is different in compared to the temple of Besakih in Bali.  \n\nIn the Javanese culture it is difficult to separate between local culture or adat and \n\nHindu religion. This becomes the main reason to develop the temple area of Sukuh and Cetho \n\nto be a tourist destination. There are similarities between the temple of Besakih, Sukuh, and \n\nCetho. The Hindu holyday namely the Galungan, the Kuningan, and the Nyepi Day are \n\ncelebrated by the Hindu adherents in the temple of Cetho, by conducting ritual and Hindu \n\nceremony in the temple. In the Besakih temple is commonly held once a year in relation the \n\nbiggest ceremony in Bali, the Eka Dasa Rudra or centennial purification of the universe \n\n(Eiseman, 2000: 235, see also: Vickers, 1989: 167). In the celebration they wear the Javanese \n\ncloths. This indicates that they are the Javanese Hindu who descended from the Majapahit. \n\nHowever, the temple of Cetho does not have any philosophical and religious or ritual link with \n\nthe temple of Besakih. In other words, it means that in the context of religious concept the \n\nHindu communities do not have any link and religious worship in the family temples in Bali. \n\nThey do pray and worship only to the God in the context of Trimurti (interview with Jero \n\nMangku in the temple of Cetho, September 15, 2017).  \n\nIn addition to the religious ritual, some people come to the temple of Cetho for instance \n\nto hold Modosionan that is a ceremony based on the Javanese calender, namely Tuesday or \n\nSelasa Kliwon. Later it is followed with the togetherness or Bersih Desa, which means to hold \n\nceremony in accordance with the thankful to the God and their ancestors, since they are \n\nsuccessful in managing their agricultural sectors. In certain days, there are many Balinese \n\nvisitors to come to this place in order to hold a ritual or ceremony activities (Interview with \n\nWinarno in the temple of Cetho, September 5, 2017).", "start_char_idx": 12323, "end_char_idx": 15508, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "25b35017-30ab-46b5-8659-ae25e76cff9f": {"__data__": {"id_": "25b35017-30ab-46b5-8659-ae25e76cff9f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36919", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "708d13b9d98d0d776d2a9246194a7fb1c24da6c2d8eafcf816beef981849eaaf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0e5704c6-bc66-42d6-bea0-f2bf1b61240f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "51a41ff384d24235fa96cbefb8853e830621e2053ca6cce1aeb621f96cb2ae9e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4cba31a4-f890-4058-ad56-dc0ae01dee9d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "17e87c3b6b8fc21619e94d433591bb0c28ab164c352248f53bc0fbadb267cda0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\n \n\nBesakih, Sukuh, and Cetho as Ritual and Sustainable Tourist Development  \n\nThe temple of Besakih, Sukuh and Cetho are located in convenient places regarding \n\nthe tourist development. Besakih is one of the tourist destinations that have been promoted \n\nto the domestic and international tourists and the temples of Sukuh and Cetho temples are \n\nvery close to the Solo city and often visited by domestic tourists from Bali and Jakarta. Most \n\nof the tourists who visit the Sukuh and Cetho temple are: (1). Cultural and eco-tourism in \n\nwhich the tourists need to enjoy the beauty of the cultural richness and cultural heritage, and \n\necological or environment aspects (2). Some researches that have been carried out by the \n\nlocal and the foreign tourists (3). Ritual, in which the tourists hold ritual ceremony most of \n\nthem are the Balinese, the Kejawen communities from inside or outside the village of Sukuh. \n\nMost of them visit these temples on Saturday and Sunday, especially in the holydays around \n\nJune, July and August that can reach 1000 tourists a month. (Interview with Gunawan, \n\nSeptember 15, 2017 in the temple of Sukuh).  \n\nIn encouraging the tourists visit to the Sukuh and Cetho temples the Central Java local \n\ngovernment through the Cultural Division (Dinas Pariwisata, Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya, \n\nthe BPCB) hold many trainings and guiding on how to sold the souvenirs to the tourists. In \n\nthis context, it is expected that the local people should be involved in the tourist industry and \n\npreserve and maintain the self-belonging, called Handarbeni. The aims is to maintain that the \n\ntemple of Sukuh as a cultural heritage that consisting of local wisdom. Therefore, the efforts \n\nto preserve the temple of Sukuh is not only a responsibility of the local government (Dinas \n\nPariwisata/ BPCB), but also for the people in the region. It is important to note, since the \n\nSukuh temple as tourist assets that it can contribute to improve the income of the local people \n\n(Interview with Sugeng, staf member of BPCB the Temple of Sukuh, September 15, 2017). \n\nRegarding the sustainable tourist development, those temples have represented the \n\nstrengthening of the local heritage, Hindu religion and the diversity. The temple of Besakih \n\nthat is rich in terms of Hindu religion and the local culture both tangible and intangible culture \n\nbecome interesting cultural aspects in Bali. In addition to this, the Besakih temple has its \n\nfunction and role as a center for worship in Bali and outside Bali (Widia, 1979/ 1980). It is \n\naccordingly the Besakih develop as a live monument. It is possible, since the dominant of the \n\npeople in Bali is the Balinese who are adherents of Hindu.  \n\nThe ability to anticipate the impacts of globalization in the context of dynamic of tourist \n\ndevelopment we can see in the temple of Besakih in which Bali has been recognized as one", "start_char_idx": 15514, "end_char_idx": 18712, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4cba31a4-f890-4058-ad56-dc0ae01dee9d": {"__data__": {"id_": "4cba31a4-f890-4058-ad56-dc0ae01dee9d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36919", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "708d13b9d98d0d776d2a9246194a7fb1c24da6c2d8eafcf816beef981849eaaf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "25b35017-30ab-46b5-8659-ae25e76cff9f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "f486113dfd251a3ef69e51cc7e0d249314032a9add990b3846db2ab9179bf1b5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "867e96ca-b5d3-4de9-b17b-94b3ad8dc9c1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e52a8bdd81a0cb5e35a0c72c65e3c604bd97d50676938f82639d55d3fa1669fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\nof the world tourist destination. The function of the temple Besakih as the Hindu worship \n\naffects this temple as a magnet for the tourist both domestic and international tourist \n\ndestination. The Hindu adherents from outside Karangasem, and even from outside Bali come \n\nto the Besakih temple to ask holy water called, Nunas Tirtha. As a center for Hindu worship \n\nfrom all regions in Indonesia, the temple of Besakih symbolizes as the center for unity and \n\ndiversity. Therefore, the temple of Besakih can strength the Hindu religion and also to develop \n\nthe sustainable tourist development in Bali in particular, and in Indonesia in general. \n\nIn contrast to this, it is hard for the temple of Sukuh, in which most of the people who \n\nreside in the surrounding of the people are Muslim adherents. This means that they are \n\ndifferent in compared the temple of Sukuh which is related to the Hindu temple. In compared \n\nto the temple of Sukuh especially regarding the concept of live monument, the temple Cetho \n\nis possible, since most of the people who reside in the surrounding temple of Cetho are the \n\nHindu adherents. To anticipate such condition, the BPCB as a representative of the local \n\ncultural Division (Dinas Pariwisata) to empower the local human resources to work as security \n\nto maintain and preserve the cultural heritage in the temple of Sukuh and Cetho.  \n\nTherefore, it is a way on how to ask the people to have self-belonging to their cultural heritage, \n\nHandarbeni to strengthen their ancestor cultural heritage. As a result, the effort to maintain \n\nthe temple of Sukuh and Cetho as a representation of the Hindu Javanese culture can be \n\nmaintained in terms of its function and roles.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nThe main issue to develop tourist industry in the temple of Besakih, Sukuh and Cetho \n\nis to try to involve to the local people in terms of self-belonging the cultural sites, in order to \n\nbe able to improve their prosperity. In compared to the tourist management it seems that the \n\nmanagement of the temple Besakih more advanced than the temple of Sukuh and Cetho). \n\nHowever, the management of the Sukuh and Cetho seems to be organized at the recent time.  \n\nThere is a difference in terms of how to develop the temple of Sukuh and Cetho. It is \n\nimportant to note that if the people who reside in the surrounding temple have the same \n\ntradition it is easier to develop it in terms of sustainable tourist development, since they have \n\nthe same religious spirit. However, both temple of Sukuh and Cetho have already \n\nstrengthened the Hindu cultural heritage, and also strengthening the unity and diversity. \n\nHowever in compared to the temple of Sukuh, the temple of Cetho has more potentiality to be \n\ndeveloped as a living monument since the people who reside in the surrounding temple of", "start_char_idx": 18717, "end_char_idx": 21844, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "867e96ca-b5d3-4de9-b17b-94b3ad8dc9c1": {"__data__": {"id_": "867e96ca-b5d3-4de9-b17b-94b3ad8dc9c1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36919", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "708d13b9d98d0d776d2a9246194a7fb1c24da6c2d8eafcf816beef981849eaaf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4cba31a4-f890-4058-ad56-dc0ae01dee9d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "77ff0f8f2e0f69ae57c88458101110e864e6e5a6a212d3e58165823772be4719", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "15fcd9da-fbd9-4a15-b9d6-3b9f48ac557c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d500d62f007b0d98c8a303ec6876e593b78a39a696b9712d1c6c21c6b4664062", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nCetho, are the Hindu adherents, though not similar to the temple of Besakih which has already \n\nrecognized as one of the world tourist destination.  \n\nIn contrast to the temple of Sukuh, in the temple of Cetho seems to be able to be done \n\nsince most of the people who reside in there are the Hindu adherents. It means that the local \n\npeople perceive that the temple of Cetho is important for them as a Hindu ritual and ceremony \n\nactivities. This is one important aspect that need to be developed in terms of the function and \n\nrole of temple. As living monument it is accordingly easier to develop the cultural and religious \n\nsites to be promoted as sustainable tourist development. In this case, the temple of Cetho \n\ncan be created as a favorite place to be visited by the Balinese who conduct the spiritual \n\njourney to this temple, called Tirtayatra.  \n\nTo develop religious tradition and cultural heritage is significant for the temple of Cetho \n\nthat has its uniqueness and characteristic in terms of spiritual and high culture and also the \n\nimportant Hindu place for worshipping not only foe the Hindu Javanese, but also for other \n\nHindu adherents fron all of the Indonesian regions. By promoting this religious sites and \n\ncultural heritage, it is accordingly will be able to develop the temples in terms of improving \n\ntheir prosperity based on the sustainable tourist development. \n\n \n\nSELECTED REFERENCES \n\nArdhana, I Ketut. 2017. \u201cReligious Teachings on Sustainability in the Context of Hinduism in \nBali\u201d, in International Journal of Sociology. (Web of Science) Istanbul-Turkey.  \n\nArdhana, I Ketut. 2016. \u201cArcheological Sites in the Context of Heritage Cities\u201d. Paper \npresented at the 2nd International Conference of SEAMEO Regional Centre for \nArchaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFA), Bangkok, May 30 to June 2. \n\nArdhana. I Ketut. 2012. \u201cCultural Relationships between India and Indonesia: Viewing from \nthe Collective Memories\u201d. Paper presented at the India-ASEAN Academic Seminar on \n\u201cIndia and Indonesia-Shared History & Culture and Opportunities for Deepening People \nto People Contacts held by Indian Embassy in Jakarta, Cultural Consulate of India in \nDenpasar and University of Udayana,  in Denpasar Bali, 30 October. \n\nArdhana, I Ketut. 2010. \u201cCultural Heritage in Bali\u201d, in Bali Internship Fieldschool 2015: \nTowards Sustainable Cultural Landscape of Subak System. Gianyar 2nd \u20138th August. \n\nCovarruabias, Miguel. 1986. Island of Bali. London and New York: KPI.  \n\nEiseman, Fred B. 2000. Bali Sekala & Niskala. Volume I: Essays on Religion, Ritual and Art. \nSingapore: Priplus.  \n\nRamstedt, Martin. 1999. \u201dHinduismus und Naturkulte\u201d, in Bernhard Dahm dan Roderich Ptak \n(eds.). Sudostasien-Handbuch: Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Politik, Wirtschaft, Kultur. \nMunchen: Verlag CH Beck.", "start_char_idx": 21849, "end_char_idx": 24952, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "15fcd9da-fbd9-4a15-b9d6-3b9f48ac557c": {"__data__": {"id_": "15fcd9da-fbd9-4a15-b9d6-3b9f48ac557c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36919", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "708d13b9d98d0d776d2a9246194a7fb1c24da6c2d8eafcf816beef981849eaaf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "867e96ca-b5d3-4de9-b17b-94b3ad8dc9c1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "fbc7e1a8ba366854438fd496d3e911ae54ef3126621484ed8f08c5b387e20d5b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8660890c-2d32-43f4-b2c5-15ca05562ce9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c931aa684607aa44ef5f449f7f6d273c985508637e6e37e52a0c7daf60554e77", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                   Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                   https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\nStuart Fox, David J. 2010. Pura Besakih: Pura, Agama, dan Masyarakat Bali. Jakarta: KITLV \nPress.  \n\nSurpha, I Wayan. 1979. Menyongsong Karya Eka Dasa Rudra di Pura Besakih. Surabaya: \nYayasan Bank Naskah Indonesia.  \n\nVickers, Adrian. 1989. Bali: A Paradise Created. Singapore: Periplus Editons. \n\nWidia, Wayan. 1979/1980. Pura Agung Besakih. Denpasar: Proyek Sasana Budaya Bali \nDirektorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.  \n\n \n \nInformants:  \n \n\nNo. Name Address Profession \n1. Budiartha, \n\nWayan \nBesakih village Archive Officer (Pegawai Kantor \n\nKearsipan dan Perpustakaan) \n2. Gunawan Sukuh village Local manager (Juru Pelihara Candi \n\nSukuh) \n3. Kartika, Wayan Besakih village Local officer (Pegawai Kantor Kepala \n\nDesa Besakih) \n4. Sudarsana, \n\nWayan \nBesakih village Local officer (Pegawai Kantor Kepala \n\nDesa Besakih) \n5. Sugeng Sukuh village \n\n \nLocal officer (Pegawai Dinas \nPariwisata Kabupaten Karangasem) \n\n6. Suwardi, Heri \n(Jero Mangku) \n\nCetho village Local Hindu priest (Pemangku Candi \nCetho) \n\n7. Winarno Cetho village Juru Pelihara Candi Cetho", "start_char_idx": 24957, "end_char_idx": 26346, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8660890c-2d32-43f4-b2c5-15ca05562ce9": {"__data__": {"id_": "8660890c-2d32-43f4-b2c5-15ca05562ce9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36920", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "f96476816267f428085a232538ef7cc3c488f8bf2e2b6a880ce3490f06e4de53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "15fcd9da-fbd9-4a15-b9d6-3b9f48ac557c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36919", "author": "Ardhana, I Ketut; Sulandjari, Sulandjari; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36919.pdf"}, "hash": "521a1c00f75df6f789148a2c1ab9abc02e8466bd2e6abd47ae051ef7592f2729", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6c07be86-5575-4951-a8c4-5a030d7870ba", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "411fdc4e1ffe42106a2c8e8351daf88a188fe9be83034ab1a91d2c47b72c13ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Dermawan 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \n \n\nCOUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO \nTOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA \n\n \nDermawan Waruwu1, I Gede Mudana2 \n\n1Universitas Dhyana Pura, 2Tourism Department, Politeknik Negeri Bali  \nemail: 1waruwu28@ymail.com, 2gedemudana@pnb.ac.id  \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nBawomataluo which is located in South Nias, North Sumatra, has unique cultural and \nnatural tourism. The area is referred to as \u201cBukit Matahari\u201d (Hill of the Sun) as it is the area \nwhere tourists can enjoy the sunrise and sunset. However, the hegemonic practice performed \nby the government through its policies and the counter-hegemonic practice performed by the \nlocal people as the owner of the tourist destination have caused the area to be less \ndeveloped. The problem of the study is how the counter-hegemonic practice is performed to \ndevelop the Bawomataluo tourist destination. This study is intended to understand and \ndescribe the form of the counter-hegemonic practice so it can widen the concepts of the \nrelated studies. The study used the qualitative method with the perspective of cultural studies. \nThe theory of hegemony, the theory of power/knowledge, and the theory of social practice \nwere used to analyze the data. \n The result of the study showed that the counter-hegemonic practice performed by the \nBawomataluo people included the counter-hegemony towards the government\u2019s policy, the \ncounter-hegemony towards change and functional change of cultural heritage, and the \ncounter-hegemony towards the tourism-related activities. They are all the accumulation of the \nlocal people\u2019s disappointment with the government\u2019s policy (hegemonic practice) which has \nbeen performed so far. As a result, the development of the tourist destination and \ninfrastructure has not achieved the target yet. This present study offers a strategic political \npolicy so the development of the tourist destination in Bawomataluo in particular and in \nIndonesia in general can be avoided from the hegemonic practice and counter-hegemonic \npractice. To this end, the tourist destination should be sustainably developed in order to \nimprove the local people\u2019s economy and increase the government\u2019s income. The \ndevelopment should be the community-based one as well.  \n \nKeywords: counter-hegemony, development, tourist destination, Bawomataluo. \n \n \nINTRODUCTION  \n\n In Bawomataluo tourist destination in South Nias Regency, North Sumatra Province \n\nthere are cultural tourist attractions and natural tourist attractions. The cultural tourist \n\nattractions include: traditional houses, the stone jumping attraction (hombo batu), megalithic \n\nsite, traditional dances, and handicraft (souvenir). The natural tourist attractions include \n\nagricultural land, plantations, water fall (namo sifelendrua), the Indian Ocean view, the \n\nbeautiful waves of the Lagundry beach, and Sorake beach, and traditional villages. This area", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3278, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6c07be86-5575-4951-a8c4-5a030d7870ba": {"__data__": {"id_": "6c07be86-5575-4951-a8c4-5a030d7870ba", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36920", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "f96476816267f428085a232538ef7cc3c488f8bf2e2b6a880ce3490f06e4de53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8660890c-2d32-43f4-b2c5-15ca05562ce9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "3ab405f2d9c5c3677c0e64de3585cee8cf445d031ed38b418379d51ed873d122", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bd639c52-ed96-4889-bbdf-f764347169d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4c5999865d12fe727b6aa837d818f74e7387de6869673eb88ccbbc2974fc1d15", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\nis also referred to as \u201cbukit matahari\u201d (the hill of the sun). The reason is that it is the area \n\nwhere one can enjoy the sunrise and the sunset. Geographically, the Bawomataluo area is \n\n400 meters above the sea level or 1,313 feet from the sea level. Therefore, one should climb \n\n84 steps made of carved stone with a 45 degree slope when entering the area. \n\n The existence and uniqueness of the Bawomataluo tourist destination makes it used \n\nas the current symbol of the local government and the current icon of the tourism in South \n\nNias Regency. Its picture has been printed on the 100 note of the Indonesian currency since \n\n1992. According to Harefa (2009), the currency shows the uniqueness of the traditional \n\nhouses, the war dance and the stone jumping tradition. In 2009 the area was proposed to be \n\none of the world\u2019s cultural heritages inspired by the UNESCO; however, it failed to be one of \n\nthe world\u2019s cultural heritages. The tourists from Asia, Europe, America, Germany, and several \n\nother countries have visited the area by cruiser. Each cruiser carries between 1,000 and \n\n2,000 passengers. The domestic tourists coming to visit it total between 200 and 500 every \n\nweek (Interview, Ariston Manao, 15 July 2016). However, the number of tourists coming to \n\nvisit it has decreased now. As explained by Zebua (2014: 284), in 2012 the tourists coming \n\nto visit South Nias Regency totaled 1,250 and the domestic coming to visit it totaled 14,475.  \n\n It turns out that the uniqueness of the Bawomataluo tourist destination has been paid \n\nless attention to by the local government, local people, and entrepreneurs. There has been a \n\nconflict of interests in the development of the area. The policy made by the government seems \n\nto be a hegemonic practice performed by the government, and the local people, as the owner, \n\nseem to show counter-hegemony towards it. Based on the background above, the problem \n\nof the study can be formulated in the form of the question \u201chow the counter-hegemonic \n\npractice has been performed in the current development of the Bawomataluo tourist \n\ndestination? \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD   \n\n  According to Gramsci (2013:284), a social group of people can and should \u201clead\u201d \n\n(hegemonic) before they hold the power. Furthermore, Foucault (2002:291) stated that an \n\nevent is not a decision, fact, power and a battle but a mutual relation between an attack and \n\nthe struggle for power. Everybody who has power will certainly determine or regulate the \n\npolicies over others (Waruwu and Gaurifa, 2014: 85). The spread of power through a symbol \n\n(capital) is closely related to the economic and political power; therefore, it functions as a \n\nstrong legitimating instrument for every party that uses it (Bourdieu, 2015: x).", "start_char_idx": 3283, "end_char_idx": 6354, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bd639c52-ed96-4889-bbdf-f764347169d1": {"__data__": {"id_": "bd639c52-ed96-4889-bbdf-f764347169d1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36920", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "f96476816267f428085a232538ef7cc3c488f8bf2e2b6a880ce3490f06e4de53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6c07be86-5575-4951-a8c4-5a030d7870ba", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "00f5cbcfdd311ca148c042bbd6dd934b272c10e46b3747d6c86d97a7fec8d490", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "889b5efd-eeaf-4967-b425-0046f217e73d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "62690115962699386bcc2471b9cfa2ef976763bee32f22d1d403c6160970ee6b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nTourism is really an economic business regarding the natural sources and/or cultural \n\nresources by envolving the government, the tourism industry, and the local people\u201d \n\n(MUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. ENTREPRENEURAL \n\nFIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES. E-Journal of Cultural Studies, [S.l.], \n\np. 1-7, aug. 2017. ISSN 2338-2449. Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ \n\necs/article/view/33150>. Date accessed: 02 jan. 2018.); and see also: MUDANA, I Gede; \n\nSUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. Kepeloporan kewirausahaan memandu \n\npendakian daya tarik wisata Gunung Agung, Karangasem, Bali. Journal of Bali Studies, \n\n[S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 19-38, oct. 2017. ISSN 2580-0698. Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/ \n\nindex.php/kajianbali/article/view/35152>. Date accessed: 02 jan. 2018.).  \n\nThe data were collected through direct observation at Bawormataluo by interviewing \n\nhead of the village, traditional leaders, the government official, tourists, and several local \n\npeople. In addition, the researcher also collected the documents directly related to the topic \n\nof the study. After all the data were collected, they were analyzed using the qualitative method \n\nwith the approach of cultural studies. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n The policy of the development of the Bawomataluo tourist destination is prescribed in \n\nthe Government Regulation Number 50 of 2011. With respect to the funding, a tourist \n\ndestination is granted to the local government for the public interest (www.kemenpar.go.id). \n\nHowever, in the Act Number 10 of 2009, Article 49 clause (2), it is stated that the financial \n\nassistance allocated from the state budget and revenues and regional budget and revenues \n\nis classified as grant.  It turns out that the development of the Bawomataluo tourist area has \n\nnot maximally achieved the target yet. Therefore, the local people have offered resistance \n\n(counter-hegemony) to the government\u2019s policy.  \n\n The local people are not so interested in maintaining and conserving the tourist \n\nattraction at Bawomataluo, although the government has planned it to be a national and \n\ninternational tourist destination. The counter-hegemony performed by the local people is in \n\nline with what is stated by Gramsci (2013: 284) that a social group of people can and should \n\n\u2018lead\u2019 (hegemonic) before they hold the government\u2019s power. Barker (2005: 81-82) adds that \n\nhegemony should be continuously repeatedly created and regained, meaning that counter-\n\nhegemony cannot be avoided. The less harmonious relation between the government and", "start_char_idx": 6360, "end_char_idx": 9261, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "889b5efd-eeaf-4967-b425-0046f217e73d": {"__data__": {"id_": "889b5efd-eeaf-4967-b425-0046f217e73d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36920", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "f96476816267f428085a232538ef7cc3c488f8bf2e2b6a880ce3490f06e4de53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bd639c52-ed96-4889-bbdf-f764347169d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "559d4bd9983879de3d84cc69f664c8d044909b30ee4f9813b5e60a1d92199afb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fdf92616-edef-4a6f-9090-3f4e6ef7fdc1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "48729dbe92be8ba91557f2aef317d3dcc4e609e015b5e4dd6c845288009cee41", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\nlocal people causes the entrepreneurs not to be brave enough to invest their money in this \n\narea.  \n\n The counter-hegemony is getting clearer when the local people do not show fidelity to \n\nthe Village Regulation \u2018Peraturan Desa\u2019 (Perdes) Number 3 of 2015 concerning the \n\nprohibition of drying clothes, riding motorcycle and the appeal to refer to the regulation \n\nregulating the traditional house construction and so forth. Several villagers have broken the \n\nVillage Regulation for which they are punished that they should pay Rp. 200,000 or two pigs \n\nas prescribed in the Village Regulation Number 3 of 2015, Chapter III Article 11 (the village \n\nhead\u2019s document, 2015). Basically, such a deviation is a form of the local people\u2019s braveness \n\nto offer resistance to the government\u2019s policy. According to Foucault (2002: 386), human \n\nbeings certainly have power and knowledge wherever they live. Therefore, Parchiano (2015: \n\n181) stated that we should recognize that power and knowledge directly affect each other.  \n\nThe counter-hegemony movement keeps taking place as long as there is no consensus \n\namong individuals who disagree with the government policy (Horton and Hunt, 1999). \n\nCounter-hegemony results from the force of those who agree with change and that of those \n\nwho disagree with change (Basrowi and Sukidin, 2003: 1). On the one hand, the government \n\nexpects that the Bawomataluo becomes a tourist destination; on the other hand, the local \n\npeople expects for a better life or instant income from the tourist destination in their village.  \n\n The hegemonic practice performed by the government is situated in its policy; \n\nhowever, the counter-hegemonic practice is situated in the right of ownership of the tourist \n\nattraction, social capital and cultural capital. According to Mahar et al. (2009: 16), domain can \n\nbe understood as the domain of strength and the struggle for position and legitimate capital, \n\nand capital plays a role as a social relation in a system of exchange. The Bawomataluo area \n\nis the domain which the government and local people fight for using the capital they \n\nrespectively have.  \n\n The Bawomataluo area has several unique and cultural heritages which are scarcely \n\nfound in the world. They are the traditional houses and megalithic sites. In the middle of \n\nhundreds of traditional houses arranged in a row there is a big traditional house (omo hada \n\nsebua), namely the house inherited from King Laowo. The big traditional house started being \n\nconstructed in 1863 and was completed in 1878. There are 7 statutes of soldiers in front of \n\ntrellis (Hammerle, 2013: 37). It is 28 meters high and has 107 big wooden pillars. No iron nails \n\nare used, making it the highest traditional house in the islands of Nias or in the world", "start_char_idx": 9266, "end_char_idx": 12352, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fdf92616-edef-4a6f-9090-3f4e6ef7fdc1": {"__data__": {"id_": "fdf92616-edef-4a6f-9090-3f4e6ef7fdc1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36920", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "f96476816267f428085a232538ef7cc3c488f8bf2e2b6a880ce3490f06e4de53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "889b5efd-eeaf-4967-b425-0046f217e73d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "4a27828a7addb04d60d0d3b6d8f2f243c639991c65cf50f8cf9353acc0e629e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b828e057-ec6a-4c7d-b317-9e8fdb378001", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6c794e1536e2552cf791204283f496f1889a9d8f0b850acd846240f2604bab5b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\n(Interview, Ariston Manao, 10 June 2016). It took 15 years to build it. It was built 154 years \n\nago.  \n\n Initially, the roofs of the traditional houses in this area were made of sago leaves \n\n(traditional); however, now the roofs are made of zinc. Ironically, many traditional houses \n\nhave been damaged and replaced with the concrete houses as it will cost a lot to renovate \n\nthem. In addition, the megalithic sites have been used as the places for drying clothes and \n\nother household furniture. The function of the cultural heritage has been changed; the shape \n\nof the traditional house has been modified, and many have been damaged at Bawomataluo. \n\nThese illustrate the counter-hegemony performed by the local people to the government\u2019s \n\npolicy (hegemonic practice).  \n\n Although it has been prescribed in the Government Regulation Number 50 of 2011 \n\nand the Village Regulation Number 3 of 2015 that nobody is allowed to change the cultural \n\nheritage and that it should be conserved, the local people at Bawomataluo have the ability to \n\nresist the policy. They prefer modifying their houses in order to feel comfortable to expecting \n\nfor the financial assistance from the government for renovating their houses.  The form of the \n\ntraditional houses has been changed and the function of the cultural heritage has been \n\nchanged, causing tourists to feel less comfortable when visiting the area. According to Pitana \n\nand Gayatri (2005: 81), the intention to know or learn an area with its local culture has \n\nmotivated tourists to visit it. Most people living at Bawomataluo do not appreciate their cultural \n\nwealth as it does not economically and socially benefit them. The counter-hegemony practice \n\nresults from the accumulation of their disappointment with and suspicion of the local \n\ngovernment which only makes use of the potentials which the area where they live has.  \n\n The unique culture and beautiful nature at Bawomataluo have attracted the tourists \n\nwho have come to visit it so far. One of the unique things which has become a phenomenon \n\nis the stone jumping attraction . Although it has been popular and used as the icon of the \n\ntourism in South Nias Regency, the athletes are getting less interested in it. They are not \n\nsatisfied with the medical expenses and health assurance they have to pay when they have \n\nan accident while performing such a cultural attraction. In addition, they complain about the \n\nrelatively small honorarium they receive every time they perform it. Apart from that, the \n\ndistribution of the honorarium is coordinated by the government. The less attention paid to by \n\nthe government has caused them to be too lazy to perform it and the other tourist attractions.  \n\n The local people\u2019s laziness shows one form of their counter-hegemony to the \n\ngovernment which has made the area a tourist destination. Basically, tourism in an area can", "start_char_idx": 12357, "end_char_idx": 15555, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b828e057-ec6a-4c7d-b317-9e8fdb378001": {"__data__": {"id_": "b828e057-ec6a-4c7d-b317-9e8fdb378001", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36920", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "f96476816267f428085a232538ef7cc3c488f8bf2e2b6a880ce3490f06e4de53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fdf92616-edef-4a6f-9090-3f4e6ef7fdc1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "989ca19b21eb134ac8c66f7a76a7d81def2316bde98d1646ded88b4286a9a965", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d637aa37-dc6e-45cc-ba66-96702d06ff4a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "93621d20ef1e449010c4e6e820ee68b369f068117218d8caefcfa87ec8f385fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\ncontribute to the regional development, the development of arts, culture, and customs and \n\ntraditions. Tourism can also be used as a strategy to tighten friendship among people with \n\ndifferent ethnicities, religions, races and classes all over Indonesia (Widyastuti et al., 2017: \n\n4). In spite of that, the local people still offer resistance as they are suspicious that the \n\ngovernment only makes use of the potential they have for individual or collective interests. \n\nAccording to Jenks (2013: 106), the ideologies used to achieve a consensus are significantly \n\nthe same as the role played in maintaining an order without being forced by guaranteeing that \n\nthere is approval from those who are exploited, marginalized, poor and whose capital culture \n\nare robbed.  Therefore, the local people cannot demand for more honorariums or more \n\nattention for the sake of the development of the Bawomatalou tourist destination.  The \n\nhegemony practice performed by the government has caused the local people to disagree \n\n(counter-hegemony) with the tourism-related activities in the area where they live.      \n\n According to Gramsci (2013: 284), the civil society should prevent itself from the \n\nattacks made by the state. The local people living in Bawonmataluo have a bargaining \n\nposition against the government as the form of the power and knowledge they have. \n\nAccording to Foucault, power spreads all over the local spaces; where what dominates and \n\nresistance can be made to meet (Parchino, 2015: 18). According to Marx, power is an object \n\n(as capital) held by those who have failed as power is also a process which involves agency, \n\ndiscourse, and practice which flow from the upper class to the lower class (Agger, 2009: 282). \n\nTherefore, Gramsci emphasizes that it is necessary to show counter-hegemony through \n\ncounter-hegemony (Jenks, 2013: 117). Therefore, the counter-hegemonic practice hampers \n\nthe increase in the number of tourists coming to visit the Bwomataluo tourist destination and \n\nits development. The counter-hegemonic practice can also cause the tourists visiting the area \n\nnot to feel so comfortable.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION  \n\n The conflict of interests between the government, entrepreneurs, and local people has \n\ncontributed to the less attention paid to the Bawomataluo tourist destination. The government \n\nhas performed the hegemonic practice through its policies, and the local people perform the \n\ncounter-hegemony through the ownership of and the ability they have to perform the tourist \n\nattractions. Through this article, it is suggested that the government and local people should \n\ndevelop the Bawomataluo tourist destination without performing the hegemonic practice and", "start_char_idx": 15560, "end_char_idx": 18593, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d637aa37-dc6e-45cc-ba66-96702d06ff4a": {"__data__": {"id_": "d637aa37-dc6e-45cc-ba66-96702d06ff4a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36920", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "f96476816267f428085a232538ef7cc3c488f8bf2e2b6a880ce3490f06e4de53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b828e057-ec6a-4c7d-b317-9e8fdb378001", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "258aa4b84f3f1273300341405b5c9a5bb0a7d570f975a24cd0d3f0b3f392f82a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "56786c73-0dc7-4f8c-914c-59e8676b9400", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fbf94c172ac2c0b279c2eb2a3a6f2eb2e3b1aa9d2b2264c673d2e41ab1ef2ba9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\ncounter-hegemonic practice. Through the solid cooperation among the stakeholders, they \n\ncan build the facilities and infrastructures needed to develop the tourist destination.  \n\n \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\n First of all, the writer would like to praise the Almighty God for His assistance that this \n\narticle could be completed on time. The writer would also like to thank Prof. Dr. I Nyoman \n\nDarma Putra, M.Litt. and Prof. Dr. A.A. Ngurah Anom Kembara, M.A., for their supervision \n\nduring the completion of this study and their assistance to publish this article.  \n\n \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAgger, Ben. 2009. Teori Sosial Kritis: Kritik, Penerapan dan Implikasinya. Yogyakarta : \nKreasi Wacana.  \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Bentang.  \n\nBasrowi dan Sukidin. 2003. Teori-teori Perlawanan dan Kekerasan Kolektif. Surabaya: Insan \nCendekia. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 2015. Arena Produksi Kultural: Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi Budaya. Bantul: \nKreasi Wacana.  \n\nFoucault, Michel. 2002. Pengetahuan dan Metode: Karya-karya Penting Michel Foucault. \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 2013. Prison Notebooks (Catatan-catatan dari Penjara). Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar. \n\nHammerle, P. Johannes M. 2013. Pasukan Belanda di Kampung Para Penjagal. Gunung \nSitoli: Yayasan Pusaka Nias. \n\nHarefa, Firman. 2009. Pariwisata Nias: Peluang, Ilusi atau Petaka? (serial online), 19 April \n2009. [cited 2011 Dec.18] Available from URL: \nhttp://www.niaspost.com/2009/04/19/pariwisata-nias-peluang-ilusi-ataupetaka/. \nDiakses, tanggal 29 Juli 2015. \n\nHorton, Paul B. dan Chester L. Hunt. 1999. Sosiologi. Jakarta: Erlangga.  \n\nJenks, Chris. 2013. Culture (Studi Kebudayaan). Yogyakarta. Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nMahar, C., dkk. 2009. (Habitus x Modal) + Ranah = Praktik: Pengantar Paling Komprehensif \nKepada Pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.  \n\nMUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. ENTREPRENEURAL \nFIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES. E-Journal of Cultural Studies, \n[S.l.], p. 1-7, aug. 2017. ISSN 2338-2449. Available at: \n<https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/33150>. Date accessed: 02 jan. \n2018.", "start_char_idx": 18598, "end_char_idx": 21064, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "56786c73-0dc7-4f8c-914c-59e8676b9400": {"__data__": {"id_": "56786c73-0dc7-4f8c-914c-59e8676b9400", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36920", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "f96476816267f428085a232538ef7cc3c488f8bf2e2b6a880ce3490f06e4de53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d637aa37-dc6e-45cc-ba66-96702d06ff4a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "28baf5089c8a2a4fe7953c2d8fe05b31ff99ba9126dd0a04cf7eaba52b3074a0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c6955f28-9e29-4647-af36-0e49c52debba", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "50a78470e9540993fd1be199ddb8a5702347d1441e907fd04bd691105234731d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nMUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. Kepeloporan \nkewirausahaan memandu pendakian daya tarik wisata Gunung Agung, Karangasem, \nBali. Journal of Bali Studies, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 19-38, oct. 2017. ISSN 2580-0698. \nAvailable at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/35152>. Date \naccessed: 02 jan. 2018.  \n\nParchiano, Novella. 2015. Sejarah Pengetahuan Michel Foucault. Dalam: Listiyono Santoso \ndan Abd. Qodir Saleh (Ed.). Epistemologi Kiri. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media. \n\nZebua, Manahati. 2014. Inspirasi Pengembangan Pariwisata di Daerah. Yogyakarta: \nValemba. \n\n \n\nInternet and other Sources \n\nhttp://www.kemenpar.go.id/asp/detil.asp?c=17&id=2940. diakses, 24 Okt 2016. \n\nPeraturan Desa Nomor 3 Tahun 2015. Desa Bawomataluo, Kabupaten Nias Selatan. \n\nPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 50 Tahun 2011 Tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan \nKepariwisataan Nasional Tahun 2010 \u2013 2025. \n\nPitana, I Gde dan I Putu G. Gayatri. 2005. Sosiologi Pariwisata. Yogyakarta: Andi. \n\nUndang-Undang RI Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan.", "start_char_idx": 21070, "end_char_idx": 22431, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c6955f28-9e29-4647-af36-0e49c52debba": {"__data__": {"id_": "c6955f28-9e29-4647-af36-0e49c52debba", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36921", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "741773672dbe29d38facc9eb9f6e4e2fa0685ce6d443cf1562f73da6c4755fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "56786c73-0dc7-4f8c-914c-59e8676b9400", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36920", "author": "Waruwu, Dermawan; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " COUNTER-HEGEMONY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAWOMATALUO TOURIST DESTINATION, NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36920.pdf"}, "hash": "f2f656591428485dcd9f3c7f0cdbf31c37a6a64136bbf4e5ef7d78d8cb4d359d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "97cda92d-8d43-466a-ac5e-c9950c7c6628", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6643f2b4ea7d28e9f6171d64994edf59df7ada3bbe0aaa1a8cd2dea743e47d04", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Derinta 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\n \nTHE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST \n\nPRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF \nJAKARTA \n\n \nDerinta Entas1, I Gede Mudana2 \n\n1Tourism Management Department, Sahid Institute of Tourism Jakarta, 2Tourism \nDepartment, Politeknik Negeri Bali \n\nemail: 1derinta.derinta@gmail.com, 2gedemudana@pnb.ac.id  \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n Cultural representation from the perspective of cultural studies is the concept of \nproduction, mediation, and reception. The common people know it as production, distribution, \nand consumption. The main topic of the present study is the appearance of the past in its \ncurrent form. The appearance of the past using the cultural capital of the area is raised and \npackaged with new forms and meanings. The study focuses on the forms of the postmodern \ntourist products which represent the area of the Old City of Jakarta. The study uses the \nqualitative method in which the forms of the postmodern tourist products representing the \narea of the Old City of Jakarta are simply analyzed. The data were collected through \nobservation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed \ninterpretatively using the theory of cultural representation.  \n The result of the study shows that the postmodern tourist products represent the area \nof the Old City of Jakarta in the forms of the production process, distribution process, and \nconsumption process. They all strengthen the forms of the postmodern tourism products \nrepresenting the area of the Old City of Jakarta. The products include City Tour, Heritage \nTrails; Junior Heritage Trails: Fun Learning in History; Sunda Kelapa Cycling Tour; Kampung \nArab Cycling Tour; Marine Tourism (Wisata Bahari): Sunda Kelapa Harbour and Onrust \nIsland; Jakarta Heritage Trails: Free Old City Tour; Chinatown Journey Experience Through \nThe Eyes of History; Old City Adventure (Kelana Kota Tua); Going Along the Fortress of \nBatavia City; Jakarta Urban Legend Tour; Past Time Trip (Plesiran Tempoe Doeloe). The \ndifferent tourist products have been created by the tourism agents, and are packaged in such \na way starting from historical facts to mythological stories that they all have enriched the \ntourist attractions in the Old City of Jakarta.  \n \nKeywords: representation, old city area, postmodern tourism \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION   \n\n   Within the context of this present study, representation refers to an activity to make \n\nsomething appear again; however, the new form is not necessarily the same as the original \n\nform. The reason is that there is a process of reconstruction within the production, mediation \n\nand reception processes.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3003, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "97cda92d-8d43-466a-ac5e-c9950c7c6628": {"__data__": {"id_": "97cda92d-8d43-466a-ac5e-c9950c7c6628", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36921", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "741773672dbe29d38facc9eb9f6e4e2fa0685ce6d443cf1562f73da6c4755fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c6955f28-9e29-4647-af36-0e49c52debba", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "74e848b9a07bfd5b91a9d2c8264765490a0e8e90fe7edc5906b3c5429abc0d2c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c84ea6b2-1569-44f1-8f80-362c38749863", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0ead47a3803caae1b4e691555d4d8ce959bf6793ec1bb804bf6d719e83132728", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\n The aspects which show the strength of the cultural capital of the cultural tourism in \n\nthe area of the Old City of Jakarta are (1) the Old City is the area of a city which still looks as \n\na city; the city is still in existence with its urban structure; (2) the cultural tourist attractions of \n\nthe area of the Old City of Jakarta include museums, old buildings with art deco and art \n\nnouveau styles, and art and cultural performances; (3) the tourism supporting facilities such \n\nas restaurants, cafes, hotels, and the other areas of entertainments; (4) being strategically \n\nlocated in the center of the city with its accessibility.  \n\n The four aspects are elaborated with the discourse that the area of the Old City of \n\nJakarta is made to reappear with its old functions. It is revitalized as the area of cultural and \n\nhistorical tourism. The cultural capitals which the area of the Old City of Jakarta has are \n\nchanged and used as the postmodern tourism. The postmodern tourism representing the \n\narea of the Old City of Jakarta is intended to revitalize its old functions with new meanings \n\nused as the topic of the postmodern tourism.  \n\n The new and unique branding for Jakarta City created through the area of the Old City \n\nof Jakarta has been an attempt to give a positive image to the city. Monas as the current icon \n\nand branding of Jakarta City has been shifted by the existence of the area of the Old City. \n\nThe postmodern tourism concept can be strengthened by changing the branding concept of \n\nJakarta City from the icon of Monas into the area of the Old City. The description of the \n\nconcept, the cultural sources of the area, the government\u2019s attention, the new branding \n\nconcept of the area is used as the introductory background for describing the forms of the \n\nrepresentation of the postmodern tourism.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n  This present study uses the qualitative method in which the area of the postmodern \n\ntourism representing the area of the Old City of Jakarta is simply described. The study mainly \n\nfocuses on the attempts made to make the past reappear in the current era. The stages \n\nthrough which the study was conducted include the stage in which the location of the study \n\nwas determined, the stage in which the data types and sources were decided, the stage in \n\nwhich informants were determined, the stage in which the research instrument was \n\ndetermined, the stages in which the techniques of collecting and analyzing the data were \n\ndetermined, and the stage in which the technique of presenting the result of the data analysis \n\nwas chosen.", "start_char_idx": 3009, "end_char_idx": 5906, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c84ea6b2-1569-44f1-8f80-362c38749863": {"__data__": {"id_": "c84ea6b2-1569-44f1-8f80-362c38749863", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36921", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "741773672dbe29d38facc9eb9f6e4e2fa0685ce6d443cf1562f73da6c4755fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "97cda92d-8d43-466a-ac5e-c9950c7c6628", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "74e8f6c2cd1b3761349dd33c2724af0f42a331011028aaaefb6ee81ba9d7d9ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "863e0027-0b8f-4842-9099-84b395684cb4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0a144d80d012093f53b8fadb90af8f0aec4bf2eafe2b5d6ed102f5fa430132eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\n The data used in the present study are the qualitative data in the forms of narrations, \n\ndescriptions, and words related to the practice of the representation of the postmodern \n\ntourism in the area of the Old City of Jakarta. In the present study the data sources are divided \n\ninto two. First, the primary data sources which include respondents and informants; they refer \n\nto the actual sources of the collected data. Second, the secondary data sources; in this case \n\nthe data  in the present study were obtained from the other sources such as articles in the \n\nmass media, text books, publications, organizations and the government, and the published \n\nand unpublished research results (Ratna, 2010: 143).  \n\n Based on the data sources, the data were collected interactively, meaning that the \n\nresearcher came to visit the informants to be interviewed. The data were also collected non-\n\ninteractively using the documentary technique and through observation. Basically, the data in \n\nthis qualitative study were collected through observation, interview, and documentary study.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\n In cultural studies the cultural representation is discussed in all levels; they are in the \n\ninitial level, mediation level and reception level (Agger in Jenks, 2013: 235). They are applied \n\nto discussing the forms of the postmodern tourism representing the area of the Old City of \n\nJakarta.  \n\n The production of the postmodern tourism is the initial stage of the postmodern \n\ntourism representing the area of the Old City of Jakarta. In this point three points are \n\ndiscussed, as far as the postmodern tourism is concerned; they are (1) the factor contributing \n\nto the product of the postmodern tourism; (2) the process of engineering the postmodern \n\ntourist product, and (3) the postmodern tourist product. These will be comprehensively \n\nexplained using the theory of Cultural Representation and the other supporting theories.  \n\n There are several factors attracting tourists to come to the area of the Old City of \n\nJakarta; they are general and specific in nature. They are the reasons why tourists come to \n\nsee a city or an area (Jensen and Liovis in Peace and Butler, 1999: 89). \u201cHeritage must be \n\nbroadly defined to encompass not only major historic sites and institutions, but the entire \n\nlandscape of the region with its geographic base \u2026\u201d (Bowes in Timothy and Boyd, 2003: 2). \n\nThis perception affirms the idea that the cultural heritage is not only something which has to \n\nbe collected as a collection of the past, but it also has historical and educational values; \n\nhowever, as far as the context of the postmodern tourism is concerned, there is the economic", "start_char_idx": 5912, "end_char_idx": 8898, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "863e0027-0b8f-4842-9099-84b395684cb4": {"__data__": {"id_": "863e0027-0b8f-4842-9099-84b395684cb4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36921", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "741773672dbe29d38facc9eb9f6e4e2fa0685ce6d443cf1562f73da6c4755fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c84ea6b2-1569-44f1-8f80-362c38749863", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "346dccd40dd9d7fc83b301b001cc8ec0aea3e5032861156cb88dfa0b74a37dea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ed76006d-68b3-490b-81db-fccfb1b3a341", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "44b52c6e8554bd1ffdfcf0fede5cfc573f855646266aaf618b0870272ef23dc4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\nvalues attached to it. It is these economic values which mainly contribute to the postmodern \n\ntourism product.  \n\n The economic values of the cultural heritage in which the concept of experience \n\neconomy is implemented improve. This concept shows the phases for improving the \n\neconomic values of the area. The first phase starts from commodities, objects, services, and \n\nexperience. Selling the historical values of museums and old buildings is not the only way of \n\nimproving the economic values of the area of the Old City. The economic values can also be \n\nimproved by engineering such capitals in such a way that they will become the tourist products \n\nwhich can give valuable experience to tourists.  \n\n From what was observed, five things were identified related to the area of the Old City \n\nof Jakarta. First, the buildings used as offices, spice warehouses of the Dutch companies, \n\nand residence where the Dutch officials stayed. Second, the buildings were constructed using \n\nthe deco architect art featured by hybrid of the European, Pecinan, Betawi and Arabic \n\ncultures. Third, the area of the Old City of Jakarta is full of the stories of the past showing that \n\nit was the city of the Dutch colonialism. Fourth, the myths attached to the old buildings. Fifth, \n\nthe area of the Old City was well managed and had good transportation system during the \n\narea of the Dutch colonialism. Fifth, all the things mentioned above are the assets that can \n\nbe used to resurrect the popularity of the area of the Old City in different forms without leaving \n\nits past history. \n\n In the phase of production, the economic aspect, political aspect and cultural aspect \n\nwere engineered by the stakeholders. The economic aspect was engineered by the \n\nentrepreneurs in order to produce products using the strength of the capitals they have. The \n\nfinancial ability supported with the cultural asset of the ownership of the old buildings \n\ncontributes to their strength. The old buildings in the area of the Old City of Jakarta are \n\ndominantly owned by private organizations and individuals. The cultural aspect was \n\nengineered by the society as the owner of the culture. In this context, what is meant is the \n\nBetawi society, although not all the Betawi cultural aspects are involved in the tourism \n\nactivities undertaken in the area of the Old City of Jakarta. \n\n The development of the area of the Old City of Jakarta in the perspective of the \n\npostmodern tourism gives opportunities to the local people to develop the cultural assets they \n\nhave as the capital. Their involvement is intended to improve their economy. The old buildings \n\nwhich are revitalized and adapted with new functions can create opportunities and spur the \n\neconomic development in the area of the Old City of Jakarta.", "start_char_idx": 8903, "end_char_idx": 12003, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ed76006d-68b3-490b-81db-fccfb1b3a341": {"__data__": {"id_": "ed76006d-68b3-490b-81db-fccfb1b3a341", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36921", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "741773672dbe29d38facc9eb9f6e4e2fa0685ce6d443cf1562f73da6c4755fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "863e0027-0b8f-4842-9099-84b395684cb4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "444beb3c23d6cd8c421152650d0977c3fc91220a0fce8569be5c1ac1b62e6c66", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "939589e4-94c5-468a-bb9d-e32fdeef489a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a11ff21a424a54e23927266b3d4b38d039070239031a8f7defc787e94c621035", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\n The economic aspect was engineered by changing the forms of the area and buildings \n\nand minimizing the change of the original forms of the buildings. After the revitalization \n\nprogram was issued the area has significantly developed. Through the Decree of the \n\nGovernor of the DKI Jakarta Nol 1766 of 2015, the area of the Old City of Jakarta has been \n\nused as the area of cultural heritage.  \n\n The political aspect was engineered by the party which has power, namely the \n\ngovernment. The government has developed the area of the Old City of Jakarta with a vision \n\nthat it will become the area of tourism, businesses, trade and services for the sake of \n\neconomic benefits without neglecting the character and historical value of the area. It is also \n\nintended to attract investors so that the economic value of the area of the Old City of Jakarta \n\nwill improve.  \n\n The government plays the role in protecting the area of the Old City of Jakarta through \n\nits revitalization program, and by protecting the area of the cultural heritage and old buildings \n\nused as the capital assets. The government has the authority to issue regulations applied \n\nthrough Acts, the Governor\u2019s Decree, the Governor\u2019s Regulation, guidance, technical \n\ninstructions and so forth. They are all used as the legal basis for protecting the area of the \n\nOld City of Jakarta. On the other hand, the government earns income through the retributions \n\nand taxes levied, which contribute to the locally-generated revenue \u2018pendapatan asli daerah \n\n(PAD)\u2019. \n\n The postmodern tourism products are created by the stakeholders. Based on what is \n\nstated in the vision and mission of RIK Kota Tua Jakarta Chapter III article 4, it is stated that \n\n\u201cthe area of the Old City is developed with the vision of developing it as the area of the cultural \n\nheritage and the area of tourism, business, services, and trade with high economic values by \n\nmaintaining its character and historical values\u201d. \n\n The vision and mission of the area reflect that the area has the potential of being \n\ndeveloped as the area of tourism. According to Surbakti (2008: 159), the historical buildings \n\nare one form of the tourist attractions and objects, and that, within the tourism industry, tourist \n\nattractions and objects cannot be separated from the product development. Basically, the \n\ndevelopment of a product is an attempt consciously made and planned to improve any current \n\nproduct by adding the types of the products which are produced or which will be marketed.  \n\n The indicators which are recommended to develop an area of tourism include \n\nsomething to see, something to do, something to buy, how to arrive, and how to stay. The \n\narea of the Old City of Jakarta has fulfilled the requirement of something to see, meaning that", "start_char_idx": 12009, "end_char_idx": 15104, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "939589e4-94c5-468a-bb9d-e32fdeef489a": {"__data__": {"id_": "939589e4-94c5-468a-bb9d-e32fdeef489a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36921", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "741773672dbe29d38facc9eb9f6e4e2fa0685ce6d443cf1562f73da6c4755fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ed76006d-68b3-490b-81db-fccfb1b3a341", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "75190e1b4254adef160a0be706e5abb28c0cdc9bf0aee4746eaafd47d6d51876", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e201d412-2f74-4ece-b33a-2cd7e42fb514", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e538e5a9dfa8505af8878d153d255e18adc7ec1afc67af89561f7fb0a5076046", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\nit has already had several objects to visit such as the Fatahillah Museum, the Puppet \n\nMuseum, the Ceramic and Arts and Design Museum, the Mandiri Bank Museum, and \n\nIndonesia Bank Museum, and the Bahari Museum. The collections in each museum are \n\nrelatively complete, and the retributions levied upon those who come to visit them are low. \n\nThey are used as one component of the tourism package. \n\n The tourism activities in the area of the Old City of Jakarta are getting better resulting \n\nfrom the creative industrial participation. The phenomenon of man-like statues are completed \n\nwith different characters and their attributes. Some look like heroes, cartoon, ghosts and so \n\nforth. They all attract visitors to take pictures with the man-like statutes. The other attractions \n\nin the area of the Old City of Jakarta are the street entertainers such as the dancing dolls, \n\nface painters, art tattoos, street musicians, jugglers and so forth. \n\n Many tourism packages which are offered are accommodated by the local \n\ncommunities such as Komunitas Historia Indonesia (KHI), Sahabat Museum (Batmus), and \n\nKomunitas Sepeda Onthel. They are some of the communities which pay special attention to \n\nthe area of the Old City of Jakarta. The tourism packages inspired by the local communities \n\nare Plesiran Tempoe Doeloe (Trip in the Past), Heritage Trails, as can be seen in the following \n\ntable. \n\n Several events and local cultural art performances such as Jakarta Fashion Food \n\nExpo, Festival Tempo Doeloe, Batavia Art Festival, Old City Festival, Judul Culinary Festival \n\nand the attractions performed by the tourism and cultural communities of Jakarta are also \n\nheld.  Apart from the tourist attractions, the culinary tourist activity involving street vendors \n\n\u2018pedagang kaki lima\u2019 and the representative or recommended cafes and restaurants is also \n\nheld. The restaurants and cafes around the area offer different menus, starting from the local \n\nto the international menus. One of the cafes which is favorite enough in the area is the Batavia \n\ncaf\u00e9 which is located in the central zone of the area.  \n\n \nTable of Tourist Packages in the area of the Old City of Jakarta  \n\nNo. Tourist Activities Facilities Price (IDR) Operators \n1 City Tour, Heritage Trails Onthel bikes 60,000 KOBA \n2 Junior Heritage Trails: Fun \n\nLearning in History \n Walking  FOC KHI \n\n3 Sunda Kelapa Cycling Tour Onthel bikes 40,000 \u2013 \n50,000 \n\nKOBA \n\n4 Kampung Arab Cycling Tour Onthel bikes 50,000-75,000 KOBA \n5 Marine Tourism, Sunda Kelapa \n\nHarbor and Onrust Island \n Varies KHI", "start_char_idx": 15109, "end_char_idx": 17980, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e201d412-2f74-4ece-b33a-2cd7e42fb514": {"__data__": {"id_": "e201d412-2f74-4ece-b33a-2cd7e42fb514", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36921", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "741773672dbe29d38facc9eb9f6e4e2fa0685ce6d443cf1562f73da6c4755fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "939589e4-94c5-468a-bb9d-e32fdeef489a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "408dbb5f9d1ce5bf6e4432cb8ad64e17118ebaad6b30da6a51e7179137d5c7db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "37546354-720b-49b1-b434-06278839a907", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3ff8e0f543572cd9ce9d26094f0debcf3494877961f058fc65dd3c016b8fe398", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\n6 Jakarta Heritage Trails: Free Old \nCity Tour \n\nSightseeing FOC KHI \n\n7 Chinatown Journey Experience \nThrough The Eyes of History \n\n 100,000 KHI \n\n8 Old City Adventure Sightseeing 50,000 \u2013 \n100,000 \n\nKHI \n\n9 Walk Museum Sightseeing 50,000 \u2013 \n100,000 \n\nKHI \n\n10 Tracing the Frontier of Batavia \nCity \n\nSightseeing 50,000 \u2013 \n100,000 \n\nKHI \n\n11 Jakarta Urban Legend Tour  225,000 KHI \n12 Tour in the Past (Plesiran Tempoe \n\nDoeloe) \nSightseeing 80,000 Batmus \n\n     Source: Reconstructed by Derinta, 2016 \n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \n Cooper (2005) states that the elements which contribute to the development of \n\ntourism in one area are (1) attractions which are made up of site attraction and event \n\nattraction; the site attraction of the area of the Old City of Jakarta is reflected by the old \n\nbuildings; event attractions including amusements, bazaars, festivals, congresses, \n\nworkshops taking place in the area of the Old City of Jakarta, (2) amenities, (3) accessibility, \n\n(4) tourist organizations which are responsible for promoting the area of the Old City of \n\nJakarta and formulating the framework concept of the development of the tourism in the area.  \n\n From the tourism activities which are created in the area of the Old City of Jakarta, it \n\ncan be concluded that it is reasonable to make the area a tourist destination or the icon of a \n\nnew tourism in Jakarta City. Tourists can visit museums, hunt for foods which are specific to \n\nJakarta City, and go around the Old City of Jakarta by the onthel bikes. In addition, visitors \n\ncan also take pictures with the row of old buildings around the Old City of Jakarta as the \n\nbackground. \n\n Different products of tourism offered in the area of the Old City of Jakarta are created \n\nby the tourism agents. The stakeholders are highly responsive to seeing the opportunities \n\navailable in the area of the Old City of Jakarta. The tourist products starting from the \n\nmythological stories to the historical facts are packaged in such a way that they can enrich \n\nthe tourist attractions in the area of the Old City of Jakarta. The mythological story which is \n\npopular in the area of the Old City is the cannon \u201cSi Jagur\u201d. It is believed that it has the sacred \n\nvalue of fertility.", "start_char_idx": 17985, "end_char_idx": 20737, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "37546354-720b-49b1-b434-06278839a907": {"__data__": {"id_": "37546354-720b-49b1-b434-06278839a907", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36921", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "741773672dbe29d38facc9eb9f6e4e2fa0685ce6d443cf1562f73da6c4755fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e201d412-2f74-4ece-b33a-2cd7e42fb514", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "986c32761e56be13a6a15ff02fa674f4e7fd83b75cbede3dc5a4db95e5e669cb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ba2a83f7-18fd-4f3b-8121-aeee6f1a43ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cb520f01cc180552911ef5784dad837287a0e467353ede2d05f6ffbcd4ff1629", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION   \n\n What was described in the paragraphs above regarding the production, distribution \n\nand consumption of the cultural representation can give the answer to the postmodern \n\ntourism representing the area of the Old City of Jakarta. In general, the postmodern tourism \n\nrepresentation formed in the area of the Old City of Jakarta shows the seriousness of the \n\nstakeholders to revitalize the area.  \n\n MUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE \n\nOF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES. E-Journal of Cultural Studies, [S.l.], p. 1-7, aug. 2017. ISSN \n\n2338-2449. Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/33150>. Date accessed: \n\n02 jan. 2018 stated that \u201ctourism is an economic business which is developed for the people\u2019s \n\nprosperity by developing the natural sources and/or cultural resources-based tourism industry \n\n(private) and is supported by the government\u2019s political role and the local people\u2019s \n\nparticipation\u201d (and see also: MUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. \n\nKepeloporan kewirausahaan memandu pendakian daya tarik wisata Gunung Agung, Karangasem, \n\nBali. Journal of Bali Studies, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 19-38, oct. 2017. ISSN 2580-0698. Available at: \n\n<https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/35152>. Date accessed: 02 jan. 2018.). \n\nTherefore, in relation to the development of the postmodern tourism in the Area of the Old \n\nCity of Jakarta, it is suggested that as many stakeholders as possible in general and the local \n\npeople who are often marginalized in particular should be involved in different developmental \n\nprograms of tourism.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n In this opportunity the writer would like to thank those who were involved in the \n\ncompletion of this article and the management of the E-Journal of Cultural Studies and the \n\nteam of its reviewers for publishing the journal.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \nAgger, B. 2005. Teori Sosial Kritis: Kritik, Penerapan, dan Implikasinya. Yogyakarta: Kreasi \n\nWacana. \nCooper, C.P. 2005. Tourism: Principles and Practice. Harlow, England:Financial Times \n\nPrentice Hall. \n\nJenks, Chris. 2013. Culture Studi Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.", "start_char_idx": 20752, "end_char_idx": 23289, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ba2a83f7-18fd-4f3b-8121-aeee6f1a43ad": {"__data__": {"id_": "ba2a83f7-18fd-4f3b-8121-aeee6f1a43ad", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36921", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "741773672dbe29d38facc9eb9f6e4e2fa0685ce6d443cf1562f73da6c4755fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "37546354-720b-49b1-b434-06278839a907", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "f467caede0790ac842b01823ec3a7d1ab7f781951ae059e362b65edc64915058", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "105788ea-3e86-4e9d-87a0-a33c92cbcf60", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "654552075cc00511bf1c64a2a3115c3af704ccaab17225db54cf43a59fcfa019", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 10-18   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nJensen and Lievois. 1999. \u201cAnalysing Heritage Resources for Urban Tourism in European \nCities\u201d dalam I.G. Pearce & Butler (eds). Contemporary Issues in Tourism \nDevelopment Analysis and Applications. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis \nGroup.  \n\nMUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF \nMOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES. E-Journal of Cultural Studies, [S.l.], p. 1-7, aug. 2017. ISSN \n2338-2449. Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/33150>. Date \naccessed: 02 jan. 2018.  \n\nMUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. Kepeloporan kewirausahaan \nmemandu pendakian daya tarik wisata Gunung Agung, Karangasem, Bali. Journal of Bali \nStudies, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 19-38, oct. 2017. ISSN 2580-0698. Available at: \n<https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/35152>. Date accessed: 02 jan. \n2018.  \n\nRatna, Nyoman Kutha. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kajian Budaya dan Ilmu Sosial \nHumaniora Pada Umumnya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar \n\nSurbakti, Asmyta. 2008. Pusaka Budaya dan Pengembangan Pariwisata di Kota Medan: \nSebuah Kajian Budaya. (disertation). Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana. \n\nTimothy, Dallen J. Timothy dan Boyd, Stephen. W. 2003. Heritage Tourism. Harlow: Pearson \nEducation Limited.", "start_char_idx": 23294, "end_char_idx": 24890, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "105788ea-3e86-4e9d-87a0-a33c92cbcf60": {"__data__": {"id_": "105788ea-3e86-4e9d-87a0-a33c92cbcf60", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36922", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "773de18f0381232c154fa7f67991bd961aabcc432557f9a25a7e083369d41b22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ba2a83f7-18fd-4f3b-8121-aeee6f1a43ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36921", "author": "Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36921.pdf"}, "hash": "8c55f62cad94eab04fe10cfc714a745565b76c2742347f82200bfc3338b4dda6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9195f1fc-9544-4105-8a95-8ebaf2e5502a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c823816de5d7ffe66f252a6c14beb9412f6a96305b00bbf25b18903d9f4f7573", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Gede Susila 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\n \n \n\nTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF \nSUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI \n\n \nI Gede Susila \n\nCultural Studies Program \nFaculty of Arts \n\nUniversitas Udayana \nemail: gedesusila15@gmail.com  \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n  Subak Jatiluwih in Tabanan Regency, Bali, has double status. On the one hand the \nSubak (water irrigation system) is a tourist attraction (destination), and on the other hand its \nstatus is as World Cultural Heritage (Warisan Budaya Dunia or WBD). Related to that matter, \nthis paper describes two things: (1) the development of tourism facilities in Subak Jatiluwih \narea, and (2) the financial input in managing Jatiluwih tourist attraction and its distribution. \nThis is a qualitative study. The data found is analyzed using qualitative data analysis.  \n\nThe result of study shows that, regarding the double status as stated above, it is \nprecisely within the perceptions of local community about the status of Subak Jatiluwih as \nWBD are related to \"tourism brand\". Therefore, the development of tourism facilities that \nviolate the provisions of the law in the area of Subat Jatiluwih WBD was inevitable. On the \nrice fields in the subak, area parking lots of buses and restaurants have been built. Thus, \nthere are some conversion of rice field into parking lots and restaurants in the area of the \nWBD. Specifically in relation to financial input in the management of DTW Jatiluwih, it turns \nout financial input reaches hundreds of millions of dollars even nearly 1 billion per month. The \ndistribution of the results of the DTW (daerah tujuan wisata or tourist destination) \nmanagement is conducted with the management of the parties based on justice that is tailored \nto the contribution and needs of each manager. This means that the greater the contribution \nand the needs of the parties involved in managing the DTW, the greater the share of the \nfinancial results it receives. \n \nKeywords: tourist attraction, world cultural heritage, construction of tourism facilities, parking \n\narea, restaurant.  \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nSubak Jatiluwih in Tabanan regency, Bali has a double status. On the one hand, it \n\nis a tourist attraction (hereinafter called DTW or daerah tujuan wisata) and on the other hand \n\na world cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as WBD, Warisan Budaya Dunia). There are \n\nvarious parties involved in the management of Subak Jatiluwih as DTW: Local Government \n\nof Tabanan Regency, the village of Jatiluwih, Jatiluwih Customary (Traditional) Villages or", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2897, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9195f1fc-9544-4105-8a95-8ebaf2e5502a": {"__data__": {"id_": "9195f1fc-9544-4105-8a95-8ebaf2e5502a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36922", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "773de18f0381232c154fa7f67991bd961aabcc432557f9a25a7e083369d41b22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "105788ea-3e86-4e9d-87a0-a33c92cbcf60", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "d11e7d8adec9f5f59bd0c858507f176d38b57afcef2cca27ffe1e75642bc34f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "26637d98-7bd0-46f9-95fd-eb404a134ada", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9464ee58a21ae4775adeafbcc2b668d84039e944a180635a6074d1b6a2db93eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\ndesa adat, Desa Adat Gunungsari, and Subak Jatiluwih. Jatiluwih Management Board shows \n\nfinancial input as a result of the DTW management reaches hundreds of millions even almost \n\n1 billion rupiah per month. \n\nSuch financial inputs may stimulate or encourage the managers of DTW Jatiluwih to \n\ndevelop tourism facilities in the DTW area as well as the WBD area. If the stimulus or \n\nencouragement is responded by building tourism facilities in the area, then it can be a \n\ndilemmatic thing. That is, if in the area it is built tourism facilities, then there is a violation of \n\nthe provisions on the management of WBD, that the WBD area should not be converted. \n\nConversely, if it is not done, the tourism business in the area could experience a stagnation. \n\nIn relation to the above explanation, this paper tries to give an idea of (1) the \n\ndevelopment of tourism facilities in Subak Jatiluwih area, and (2) financial input in the \n\nmanagement of Jatiluwih DTW and its distribution.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nThe method of this research is qualitative. Researchers conducted interviews, \n\nobservation, and document study. The analysis is done through data reduction, data \n\npresentation, and conclusion. The technique of the presentation of the research results is \n\ndescriptively done. \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS \n\nSutama (2014) in his paper entitled \"Subak Jatiluwih after Two Years Established as \n\nWorld Cultural Heritage (2012-2014)\" describes the fact that occurred in the context of tourism \n\ndevelopment in the area of WBD Subak Jatiluwih. In his presentation it was stated that there \n\nis a mistake in the local community in perceiving the status of Subak Jatiluwih which is the \n\narea of the WBD. The erroneous thing in this case is that the local people perceive the status \n\nof Subak Jatiluwih in the WBD system as what he called \"tourism brand\". Related to this \n\nmatter, the management of DTW Jatiluwih stated that what is meant by DTW Jatuiluwih is \n\nrice field area which is Subak Jatiluwih area. Of course the misperception of WBD Subak \n\nJatiluwih can be accompanied by actions contrary to the prevailing provisions in the context \n\nof WBD governance. If the mistake really does occur, of course it can be accompanied by \n\nwrong action.", "start_char_idx": 2902, "end_char_idx": 5460, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "26637d98-7bd0-46f9-95fd-eb404a134ada": {"__data__": {"id_": "26637d98-7bd0-46f9-95fd-eb404a134ada", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36922", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "773de18f0381232c154fa7f67991bd961aabcc432557f9a25a7e083369d41b22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9195f1fc-9544-4105-8a95-8ebaf2e5502a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "1adb5a02c21d5abb54f38ad210ad4c9e112c82f5ab196ed90edf350766807875", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9fd02daf-e51d-4a0f-afe4-a7f3fd56241a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7f1ee63b1db2d08e379b5b8a710a22def35faeaca45dce62d1501ba7ea3edad8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nAssociated with the perception of the status of Subak Jatiluwih as WBD area it turns \n\nout that on existing paddy fields in WBD Subak Jatiluwih area has been built tourism facilities \n\nin the form of parking of buses and restaurants. In fact, this happens when it is known that \n\nthere are regulations of UNESCO, the Decree of the Regent of Tabanan on Sawah Abadi, \n\nthe Tabanan Regency Regulation on the Green Line (Jalur Hijau), which prohibit all of tourism \n\ndevelopment in the area.  \n\nIt seems that the violation of some of these regulations is not because the local \n\npeople are unaware of the regulation, but because of their intense desire to develop a tourism \n\nfacility at the site. Local people should be very aware that the location is prohibited to build, \n\nconsidering the location has been installed boards ban building on the green line. \n\nThe ban board is in fact not too far from the parking lot and the restaurant which is \n\nin a single lane with the board (the green lane). Thus, it is clear that the construction of the \n\nparking lot and the restaurant is a violation of the law, but not sanctioned at all. Indeed, the \n\ndevelopment of this tourism facility is done in line with the development of the number of \n\ntourists visiting DTW Jatiluwih, so that the financial input in the management of the DTW has \n\nincreased.  \n\nAssociated with the management of DTW Jatiluwih there is a document regarding \n\nCooperation Agreement between Tabanan Government with Jatiluwih Village, Jatiluwih \n\nPakraman Village, Gunungsari Pakraman Village and Subak Jatiluwih. The cooperation \n\nagreement is essentially concerned with the Implementation and Management of Tourism in \n\nthe Jatiluwih Tourism Attraction Area. In Article 3 of the Cooperation Agreement, it is stated \n\nthat the distribution of the result of the management of tourist attraction shall be regulated \n\nwith the following provisions. \n\n1. Operational management fee as high as 30% will be calculated from gross income \n\nminus insurance premium. \n\n2. The cost of development and promotion of tourist attraction shall be set as high \n\nas 15% of the gross proceeds after deducting the cost of insurance and \n\noperational cost management of tourist attraction with details: (1) 10% \n\ndevelopment cost, and (2) 5% promotion fee. \n\n3. Operational cost of the Management Board shall be stipulated as high as 10% of \n\ngross income after deducted by insurance fees, operational management fees, \n\nand development and promotion costs.", "start_char_idx": 5465, "end_char_idx": 8263, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9fd02daf-e51d-4a0f-afe4-a7f3fd56241a": {"__data__": {"id_": "9fd02daf-e51d-4a0f-afe4-a7f3fd56241a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36922", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "773de18f0381232c154fa7f67991bd961aabcc432557f9a25a7e083369d41b22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "26637d98-7bd0-46f9-95fd-eb404a134ada", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "ad5497c02f4dcbaf1aede3565fc4d0a27cc53ad2b7ffb7962effcde21f819054", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "05d840c3-1db0-4209-ba00-3f7238ef15da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e21bf5f0f10d308f81157f37f9acabb3c1b7466f207931088e864aab2110b979", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\n4. For the Government of Tabanan Regency as the first party gets a share of 45% \n\nof gross income after deducting insurance costs, operational management fees, \n\ndevelopment and promotion costs, and operational costs of the management \n\nagency. \n\n Meanwhile, the second party (Jatiluwih Village), the third party (Jatiluwih Pakraman \n\nVillage), the fourth party (Gunungsari Pakraman Village, and the fifth party (Subak Jatiluwih) \n\nare set to get a share of 55% of gross income after deducting the insurance fee, operational \n\nmanagement, development and promotion costs, and operational costs of the management \n\nagency. Portion for the second, third, fourth and fifth parties are 100% and arranged in such \n\na way that the Jatiluwih Village is 25%, Jatiluwih Pakraman Village 30 %, Gunungsari \n\nPakraman Village 20%, Subak Jatiluwih 21%, Subak Abian Jatiluwih 2%. \n\nIt seems that Subak Research Center of Udayana University (Universitas Udayana) \n\nsees the distribution of results with the provisions described above as a reflection of injustice. \n\nTherefore, through the letter number 043 / PUSLIT-SUBAK / IX / 2015 regarding the portion \n\nof fee to the Subak Jatiluwih area dated 26 September 2015 addressed to the Regent of \n\nTabanan and Chairman of the Parliament Tabanan, Udayana University Subak Research \n\nCenter submitted a proposal to improve the portion fee for Subak Jatiluwih.  \n\nIn the action plan dossier submitted to UNESCO, five promises were made in the \n\nfollowing strategic priorities: (i) protection and improvement of living standards of farmers and \n\nsubak institutions as guardians of Bali's cultural landscape; (ii) promotion of ecosystem \n\nservices, to which subak is dependent; (iii) preservation of material culture; (iv) the \n\ndevelopment of tourism that is directed within the region; and (v) infrastructure development \n\naccording to the preservation and improvement of the cultural landscape. \n\nThe entry fee into the Jatiluwih area currently seems to be not proportional to the \n\ninstitution Subak Jatiluwih. For that reason, it is proposed that the portion given to Subak \n\nJatiluwih, to be increased to 45% of the total fee receipt, and to Tabanan regency for about \n\n10% of the total revenue. Now the portion is upside down, and it seems \u201cunfair.\" \n\nThe excerpt of the above information clearly shows the idea that Subak Jatiluwih \n\nneeds to be treated fairly by giving priority in the division of fees which of course is in the form \n\nof money. In relation to the division of income in the management of Jatiluwih DTW, Jatiluwih \n\nDTW Management Board notes that from January to July 2017 this gross income in the \n\nmanagement of DTW Jatiluwih ranged from Rp 450,865,000, - to Rp 770,935,000. Under \n\nsuch circumstances, Subak Jatiluwih got part of the amount ranging from Rp 27.391.899, - to", "start_char_idx": 8268, "end_char_idx": 11395, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "05d840c3-1db0-4209-ba00-3f7238ef15da": {"__data__": {"id_": "05d840c3-1db0-4209-ba00-3f7238ef15da", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36922", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "773de18f0381232c154fa7f67991bd961aabcc432557f9a25a7e083369d41b22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9fd02daf-e51d-4a0f-afe4-a7f3fd56241a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "7e47f2b049016f08be8a70bd97c178e8462cd98c717c236872dd22c45bbb0c55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3e609dc8-4cc4-43b1-94ac-580f58dbd17e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "65e227b2ed224bca726b31238283c7d8364b152548fd38d86d50f3241d79f02a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\nRp 46.839.132. Meanwhile, Jatiluwih Adat Village and Jatiluwih Village got a higher share \n\nbecause the percentage is higher, ie 30% for Desa Adat (Pakraman Village) Jatiluwih and \n\n25% for Jatiluwih Village, while for Subak Jatiluwih only 21%. \n\nThe question is whether the distribution of the results of Jatiluwih DTW is fair \n\n(justice). Related to this question, in Article 2 of the Letter of Cooperation Agreement of \n\nTabanan Regency Government with Jatiluwih Village, Jatiluwih Pakraman Village, Gunung \n\nSari Pakraman Village, and Subak Jatiluwih stated that \"the distribution of the result of tourism \n\nattraction management needs to be adjusted to the contribution and needs of the parties in \n\nsupporting tourism activities in the tourist destination\". If interpreted with reference to the \n\nconcept of justice put forward by Sears, Freedman, and Peplau (1985: 242-243), then it can \n\nbe said that the statement reflects the idea of justice. The idea is that justice can be realized \n\nthrough the sharing of results tailored to the contributions and needs of the parties in the \n\nactivities that bring results. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\nTourism is an economic business for the sake of the prosperity of the people with its \n\nrelation to the role of tourism industry which involved and the government as well (see: \n\nMUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. MODEL \n\nKEWIRAUSAHAAN MEMANDU WISATA MENDAKI GUNUNG AGUNG DI DESA SELAT, \n\nKARANGASEM. Soshum : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 3, p. 324-333, dec. \n\n2017. ISSN 2580-5622. Available at: <http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/SOSHUM/article/ \n\nview/717>. Date accessed: 22 jan. 2018.) and MUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; \n\nWIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. Kepeloporan kewirausahaan memandu pendakian daya tarik \n\nwisata Gunung Agung, Karangasem, Bali. Journal of Bali Studies, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 19-38, \n\noct. 2017. ISSN 2580-0698. Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/ \n\nview/35152>. Date accessed: 12 jan. 2018.). Based on the given description before, it can be \n\nconcluded that the development of tourism in Subak Jatiluwih which is a DTW and a WBD is \n\nloaded with the desire to develop tourism. However this is done by ignoring the existing law. \n\nThe distribution of the results of the management of Jatuluwih DTW seems to be justice \n\ntailored to the contribution and needs of the parties concerned.", "start_char_idx": 11400, "end_char_idx": 14137, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3e609dc8-4cc4-43b1-94ac-580f58dbd17e": {"__data__": {"id_": "3e609dc8-4cc4-43b1-94ac-580f58dbd17e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36922", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "773de18f0381232c154fa7f67991bd961aabcc432557f9a25a7e083369d41b22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "05d840c3-1db0-4209-ba00-3f7238ef15da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "28e682650cefee5814e78f212abd3b27e27c1baf3df82cd742b8d508d0df9614", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "696a7e0a-66b2-49c1-a614-d0fbb7973f82", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "779a4d92045f407725e89c03768e2974f2098c51ddd7868da42f42a1d7415a11", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n In this occasion, let me thank to E-Journal of Cultural Studies for its kindness to \n\npublish this article. The writer hopes that the results of this research will be meaningful for all \n\nparties involved in the tourism development in the World Cultural Heritage area of \n\nSubak Jatiluwih in Tabanan, Bali. \n\n \n \nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005.  Culture Studies Teori dan Praktek. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nSears, David O., Jonathan L. Freedman, and L. Anne Peplau. 1985. Social Psychology \n(Volume 1). Jakarta: Erlangga Publisher. \n\nSutama, I Nyoman. 2014. \"Subak Jatiluwih After Two Years Established as World Cultural \nHeritage (2012-2014). Paper in Sarasehan Bali Art Festival XXXVI Date July 3, 2014 \nat Art Centre, Denpasar. \n\nMUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. MODEL KEWIRAUSAHAAN \nMEMANDU WISATA MENDAKI GUNUNG AGUNG DI DESA SELAT, KARANGASEM. Soshum \n: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 3, p. 324-333, dec. 2017. ISSN 2580-5622. \nAvailable at: <http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/SOSHUM/article/view/717>. Date accessed: \n22 jan. 2018. \n\nMUDANA, I Gede; SUTAMA, I Ketut; WIDHARI, Cokorda Istri Sri. Kepeloporan kewirausahaan \nmemandu pendakian daya tarik wisata Gunung Agung, Karangasem, Bali. Journal of Bali \nStudies, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 19-38, oct. 2017. ISSN 2580-0698. Available at: \n<https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/35152>. Date accessed: 12 jan. \n2018.  \n\nTimothy, Dallen J. Timothy and Boyd, Stephen. W. 2003. Heritage Tourism. Harlow: Pearson \nEducation Limited.", "start_char_idx": 14151, "end_char_idx": 16016, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "696a7e0a-66b2-49c1-a614-d0fbb7973f82": {"__data__": {"id_": "696a7e0a-66b2-49c1-a614-d0fbb7973f82", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36924", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "6beb9f85ad6567977cb5445e1f15dd3089cb501361090233ce7deb1dba41e744", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3e609dc8-4cc4-43b1-94ac-580f58dbd17e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36922", "author": "Susila, I Gede", "title": " TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE AREA OF SUBAK JATILUWIH, TABANAN, BALI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-36922.pdf"}, "hash": "603faa6cc303be7d1a9d8b78929bd3687665054b0e3ca2f35e2495786dafe591", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "01ed2a87-1261-4aee-a7cd-7fa6aec80480", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "345a03443e364af7d3625c5feb63eb99eddb6d052d21493f61ec3cd295b872af", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Mangihut3\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\n \nCONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL  \n\nAT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA \n \n\nMangihut Siregar  \nA.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara,  \n\nA.A. Bagus Wirawan  \nemail: msiregar22@yahoo.com   \n\n \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n\n          The mangase udan ritual is a Batak tradition when they still embrace the \nParbaringin school. This ritual is done when they face a prolonged dry season. The \nentry of the Dutch colonial to the Tapanuli region, as well as the broadcast of religion \nmake this ritual becomes a forbidden tradition. On October 10, 2016, the mangase \nudan ritual was performed again at Dolok Simanggurguri, Sianjur District, Mulamula \nDistrict, Samosir Regency, North Sumatera. The implementation of the ritual \nmangase udan experience pros and cons in society. To explore this pro and contra \nattitude, it is necessary to conduct research which is aimed to know how the \nimplementation of mangase udan ritual does; why there is controversy about the \nritual; and what are the implications of the mangase udan ritual controversy. The \nmethod used in this research is qualitative method. Theories used to analyze the \nproblems are power/knowledge (discourse) theory, postcolonial theory, and social \npractice theory. \n            The results showed that the mangase udan ritual was carried out in Sianjur \nMulamula District due to a prolonged drought. Through the implementation of the \nmangase udan ritual, the stoning kings wanted to show their existence. The Catholic \nChurch supports the implementation of the mangase udan ritual in order to broadcast \nthe religion while the Christian church rejects it for the reasons that it is in contrary \nwith Christianity. The implications of the mangase udan ritual controversy are the \nincreasingly high polarization between the Christianity and the Catholicism. There is \nanother implication that is the Catholic religion has good relation with the government \nand the relationship between Christianity and the government is not good. \n \nKeywords: controversy, ideology, ritual, power, discourse. \n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n          The mangase udan ritual is a tradition performed by Batak people to beg for rain to fall \n\ndown on their so-called Mula Jadi na Bolon. This tradition is done since the Batak people still \n\nembrace the Parbaringin school. The entry of Dutch colonial to Tapanuli as well as the", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2730, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "01ed2a87-1261-4aee-a7cd-7fa6aec80480": {"__data__": {"id_": "01ed2a87-1261-4aee-a7cd-7fa6aec80480", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36924", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "6beb9f85ad6567977cb5445e1f15dd3089cb501361090233ce7deb1dba41e744", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "696a7e0a-66b2-49c1-a614-d0fbb7973f82", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "6c6f2e622c4c3b59ee0fcd94ee54033d52840936da8bbb28d4452d0cacf3ea96", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4c3ba74a-4596-479b-99d7-56b391df7e20", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "97e2f8821255d86358fc5bbba71af9501bec9ab7a79fe78aabb06a62cf834683", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nbringing mission and zending impact on traditions owned Batak people. The Dutch treat the \n\nBatak people in accordance with the Dutch\u2019s wishes. After the Dutch managed to control the \n\narea of Tapanuli, Batak people experienced a drastic change. This happens because the \n\nDutch in carrying out colonization brings three missions at once namely, spreading religion; \n\nlooking for wealth; and gain glory and power. These three elements are complemented each \n\nother when the Dutch colonized the Tapanuli. \n\n           All traditions that go against the invaders become a forbidden tradition. Similarly the \n\ntradition of mangase udan becomes a forbidden tradition. This tradition became forbidden \n\nbecause of two factors that disrupt the position of the invaders because in the tradition of the \n\nmangase udan, the bond of the related community in the region is better and better. The \n\nsecond factor is the difference of beliefs possessed by the invaders. The tradition of mangase \n\nudan is a religious ritual performed by Parbaringin school. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\n          The method used in this research is qualitative. Researchers conducted in-depth \n\ninterviews with community leaders, adat (traditional system) leaders, Christian and Catholic \n\nreligious leaders as well as the local kings. The data is obtained from primary data and \n\nsecondary data. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews guided by interview \n\nguidelines and developed during the interview. Secondary data is used to support the primary \n\ndata. \n\n          To obtain complete data, this research uses purposive technique followed by snowballs \n\ntechnique (snowball). Instruments in this study are the researcher himself assisted by other \n\ntools. Data collection techniques are observation, interview, literature study, and document \n\nstudy. The analysis is done through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The \n\ntechnique in presenting the results of data analysis is done informally. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n          The mangase udan ritual is a ritual performed by the Batak people to beg for the rain \n\nto their God from Mula Jadi na Bolon. The meaning of the word mangIase is to offer a sacrifice \n\nin the field and the udan means rain. So mangase udan is making offerings in the field so that \n\nMula Jadi na Bolon will bring the rain. This ritual is done when the community face a prolonged \n\ndry season.", "start_char_idx": 2735, "end_char_idx": 5445, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4c3ba74a-4596-479b-99d7-56b391df7e20": {"__data__": {"id_": "4c3ba74a-4596-479b-99d7-56b391df7e20", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36924", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "6beb9f85ad6567977cb5445e1f15dd3089cb501361090233ce7deb1dba41e744", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "01ed2a87-1261-4aee-a7cd-7fa6aec80480", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "3f053a48655da3a9de3c6be2f3a7fe27a0f7900d80ba16cb972298bb1bc89a63", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f5bfd925-5b31-4b95-8305-e2305c5e2d7a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "35e94a2bcacee1453e308eb160d17ae52723f28c0c4f7d7bccb53d526c09bfe1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\n           The Samosir people are generally professing Christianity and Catholicism, but \n\nbecause of their prolonged drought, they want to do a long-lost tradition of ancestors. As \n\nDurkheim says, religion exists because it can fulfill certain important social functions that can \n\nnot be fulfilled without religion (Sanderson, 2010: 554). There are unfinished needs through \n\ntheir religious beliefs, so they find another way of doing the tradition of their long-lost \n\nancestors. \n\n          On Monday, October 10, 2016 the mangase udan tradition was held at the summit of \n\nDolok Simanggurguri Samosir. They gathered together with the king of bius and the public in \n\nDolok Simanggurguri. The ritual was also followed by the District Leadership Council \n\n(Muspika) and the Village Heads in Sianjur Mulamula District. \n\n          The mangase udan rituals are performed at three locations, namely Dolok \n\nSimanggurguri, Partukkoan Ginolatan, and Parbona-bonaan. The last procession is to open \n\nthe piso solom debata from the glove. This knife is meant to have the solacle that can solve \n\nthe problems faced by the community. After all the procession is done, they are sure that \n\nMula Jadi na Bolon will bring down the rain. \n\n          The entry of the Dutch colonial which carried the mission and zending was resulted in \n\nthe lost of the tradition of mangase udan. This tradition is lost because it is no longer \n\ncompatible with the religion they profess. As Schreiner (2002: 11) says, the Bataks open \n\nthemselves to missions and zending and allow themselves to be colonized. The Dutch \n\nsucceeded in changing the Batak religion to Christianity and Catholicism. In addition, the \n\nDutch also managed to replace the culture they already have. \n\n          This cultural shift relates to Western superiority and Eastern inferiority. The Dutch treat \n\nthe Batak people according to their wishes. As Said (2016: 257) points out, Europeans are \n\ntrying to place the East as an imaginative stage that can be treated at any time as the \n\nWesterners wish. All traditions that are not in accordance with the wishes of the invaders is \n\nmade a forbidden tradition. As a result of the ban so that the tradition of mangase udan is \n\ndisappeared from the life of the Batak People. \n\n The prolonged dry season in Samosir raises the discourse to re-do the mangase udan \n\nritual. This discourse arose from the local archbishop. This is in accordance with what \n\nFoucault (2016) says, discourse has a close relationship with power because discourse \n\ncomes from people who have power and people who have knowledge or creative thinking. \n\nThe discourse to perform mangase udan rituals responded positively to the other anesthetic", "start_char_idx": 5450, "end_char_idx": 8465, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f5bfd925-5b31-4b95-8305-e2305c5e2d7a": {"__data__": {"id_": "f5bfd925-5b31-4b95-8305-e2305c5e2d7a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36924", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "6beb9f85ad6567977cb5445e1f15dd3089cb501361090233ce7deb1dba41e744", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4c3ba74a-4596-479b-99d7-56b391df7e20", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "b72c8b9a8d17cbd64ab2319dcb4626d081b62eb462e831fd75483a6274ad2712", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8e548a1b-2bc3-49a9-9d5f-72a929b3cb5c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "09f82c0f2b1a41f3c6fd4ff866998b189a98b108f6089dd29d1d03d4ca993f75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\nkings and some community leaders. Implementation of mangase udan ritual becomes the \n\ntruth to bring rain as Foucault refers to. \n\n Truth (knowledge) is related to power (Ritzer, 2010: 94). Implementation of mangase \n\nritual udan accepted some people because the perpetrators are the king stoner. To smooth \n\nhis wishes, the kings stood together in cooperation with Muspika Sianjur Mulamula District. \n\nThis cooperation needs to be done to increase the capital possessed by the kings. The goal \n\nof capital increase as Bourdieu expressed to gain recognition that the self or his group is \n\ninfluential, and most entitled to follow (Fashri, 2014: 3). \n\n          The prolonged dry season becomes an opportunity to show the existence of the bius \n\nkings in Sianjur Mulamula District. The discourse on performing the mangase udan ritual into \n\nan arena as proposed by Bourdieu (2015: 215). Through the implementation of the mangase \n\nudan ritual, the existence of the bius kings was revived which had been lost due to the Dutch \n\nban on all the bius organizations. \n\n          Power in practice, as Foucault says, does not always run smoothly. Power and \n\nresistance to it are everywhere (Ritzer, 2012: 621). The power possessed by the bius kings \n\nwhich is supported by the Muspika of Sianjur Mulamula received resistance from the Christian \n\ncommunity. This disagreement is caused by the activity is considered animism. Therefore the \n\nChristians forbade his followers to follow the mangase udan ritual. \n\n         In contrast to the attitude of Christianity, Catholicism encourages its people to \n\nparticipate in the mangase udan ritual. This attitude arises because the Catholic religion do \n\nits mission through inculturation approach. What is meant by inculturation is to maintain the \n\ncore of Christian faith, especially Christ, but simultaneously express it in the form and style of \n\nthe local culture (Sinaga, 2011: 116). The sacrifices made in the mangase udan ritual are \n\naddressed to Mula Jadi na Bolon which is identical to the sacrifices addressed to God \n\nperformed in Catholic rituals. \n\n          The implication of the mangase udan ritual is the increasingly higher polarization \n\nbetween the Christianity and the Catholicism. The Christianity holds that Catholics live in an \n\nanimist tradition. Catholicism, on the other hand, considers that Christians are innocent and \n\ndisrespectful to ancestral traditions. \n\n           Another implication is in relation with the relationship between the religion and the \n\ngovernment. The relationship of the Catholicism with the District Government of Sianjur \n\nMulamula went well because both agreed to perform the mangase udan ritual. But, the", "start_char_idx": 8470, "end_char_idx": 11470, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8e548a1b-2bc3-49a9-9d5f-72a929b3cb5c": {"__data__": {"id_": "8e548a1b-2bc3-49a9-9d5f-72a929b3cb5c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36924", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "6beb9f85ad6567977cb5445e1f15dd3089cb501361090233ce7deb1dba41e744", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f5bfd925-5b31-4b95-8305-e2305c5e2d7a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "42c176611fbab70f44b295f7684aa583f7ab74f77b50de7e741699575d2efb71", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "85f4fa56-683f-4811-be23-1805ec928bb3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5189e7880a5e46e229f98103e6cac4b1cae6eb8efe04d46eadd2997ba9400640", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nChristianity's relationship with the government is less harmonious because the Christianity \n\nrefuses to do the mangase udan ritual. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\n          The mangase udan ritual becomes controversial due to ideological differences in each \n\ngroup. The kings of bius as the main agents are willing to carry out the ritual to show their \n\nexistence in society. The Catholic Church supports the implementation of the mangase udan \n\nritual and its purpose to broadcast Catholicism. However, the Christian Church rejects the \n\nmangase udan ritual as it is against Christianity. \n\n         Through this research it is suggested that the mangase udan tradition remains \n\npreserved. How to preserve this tradition is by giving space to Parbaringin school to perform \n\ntheir religious rituals. If Parbaringin school exist then the traditions of ancient Batak people \n\nwill be sustainable including the mangase udan. This ritual integrates with the Parbaringin \n\nschool. The mangase udan tradition needs to be preserved because in it there are many \n\nvalues such as the value of togetherness, the value of obedience, and the value of sacrifice. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\n          On this occasion the authors would like to thank the distinguished Anak Agung Ngurah \n\nAnom Kumbara as the promotor, A.A. Bagus Wirawan as copromotor I, and Putu Sukardja, \n\nas copromotor II who has been willing to guide the author in completing this study. To E-\n\nJournal of Cultural Studies of Universitas Udayana, the authors would like to express a \n\ngratitude for publishing this article in.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY: \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 2015. Arena Produksi Kultural: Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi Budaya. Bantul: \nKreasi Wacana Offset. \n\nFashri, Fauzi. 2014. Pierre Bourdieu: Menyingkap Kuasa Simbol. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nFoucault, Michel. 2016. Arkeologi Pengetahuan. Yogyakarta: Pelangi.  \n\nRitzer, George. 2010. Teori Sosial Postmodern. Bantul: Juxtapose Research and Publication \nStudi Club Bekerjasama dengan Kreasi Wacana. \n\nSaid, Edward W. 2016. Orientalisme: Menggugat Hegemoni Barat dan Mendudukkan Timur \nsebagai Subjek. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nSanderson, Stephen K. 2010. Makro Sosiologi: Sebuah Pendekatan Terhadap Realitas \nSosial. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 19-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\nSchreiner, Lothar. 2002. Adat dan Injil. Jakarta: PT BPK Gunung Mulia. \n\nSibarani, Robert. 2012. Kearifan Lokal: Hakikat, Peran, dan Metode Tradisi Lisan. Jakarta: \nAsosiasi Tradisi Lisan. \n\nSinaga, Anicetus B. 2011. \u201cPengertian Adat dan Implikasinya terhadap Agama\u201d in Bungaran \nAntonius Simanjuntak (ed). Pemikiran tentang Batak: Setelah 150 Tahun Agama \nKristen di Sumatera Utara. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.", "start_char_idx": 11475, "end_char_idx": 14761, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "85f4fa56-683f-4811-be23-1805ec928bb3": {"__data__": {"id_": "85f4fa56-683f-4811-be23-1805ec928bb3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36926", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "e11522ef6d15b327dedc3f9b6b3d6c6135f1f81275985eeaa50d12a0dca9a872", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8e548a1b-2bc3-49a9-9d5f-72a929b3cb5c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36924", "author": "Siregar, Mangihut; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " CONTROVERSY OVER MANGASE UDAN RITUAL AT SIANJUR MULAMULA DISTRICT, SAMOSIR REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36924.pdf"}, "hash": "8ac950dfbf1e926d1c9492d51ae2e0e41064d67c16757ad59ab6824f0f85ab1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e016431e-738e-455c-8657-e1c10f7ab71a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e65c5a8b4ef4ac3b6b8476eb5c69e0aadd2df08850a25106e2e1dab228973454", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Grace Kerly Lony 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 25-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\nINHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY  \nIN MANADO CITY  \n\n \nGrace Kerly Lony Langi \n\nNutrient Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado \nemail: kllge@yahoo.com  \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nTinutuan is known as a local culinary which is close to all socio-economic status, \nreligion and belief, gender, and age. There is no limit to consuming it, therefore tinutuan can \nbe accepted as one of the culinary choices for people outside the region and abroad. The \nproblem now, things related to history, preparation, processing, and presentation tinutuan not \nall people Manado City find out tinutuan fans. This study aims to interpret the tinutuan \ngastronomic inheritance system so that tinutuan as gastronomy in Manado City is not \nmarginalized even extinct. Research data in the form of observation, interview, literature \nstudy, and documentation by using qualitative approach. Informants were determined \npurposively. \n\nThe results show formal and informal inheritance systems in gin tinutuan \ngastronomic practices. Tinutuan gastronomy became the culinary heritage of the city of \nManado, therefore recommended inheritance system in the family and culinary business is \nnot broken. In addition, the active role of society and educational organizations to socialize \ntinutuan culinary in the pattern of daily eating habits. \n \nKeywords: inheritance system, tinutuan culinary, gastronomy, family, business. \n\n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nTinutuan is an oral tradition because it is known and developed from the local culture \n\nwhich is repetition and reproduction or continuation of the past (Piliang, 2005; Pudentia, 200). \n\nWhat affects the continuity of the tinutuan gastronomic oral tradition is a matter of inheritance \n\nbecause it is an important issue related to the oral tradition in question. The survival or \n\ndisappearance of oral tradition depends on its inheritance system, the process of granting or \n\ntransferring knowledge of an oral tradition from one generation to the next.  \n\nAccording to Vansina (1973: 31--39), there are several methods of inheritance of oral \n\ntradition that can be selected, namely the method of instruction (instruction), supervision \n\nsystem or sanctioning to anyone who has been given the task to tell the tradition, and use \n\nreminders of the form material objects passed down from generation to generation. \n\n \n\nThe inheritance of the oral tradition will go through three stages. First, it occurs when a \n\npotential speaker has a passion for being a speaker. The more hearing, the hearing will be", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2904, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e016431e-738e-455c-8657-e1c10f7ab71a": {"__data__": {"id_": "e016431e-738e-455c-8657-e1c10f7ab71a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36926", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "e11522ef6d15b327dedc3f9b6b3d6c6135f1f81275985eeaa50d12a0dca9a872", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "85f4fa56-683f-4811-be23-1805ec928bb3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "ffd91ff4364c63b7ff1bc19a54c27dd007ec9587ad391dd38c69f60f3ac5e293", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8a780cb5-47ec-4173-b2d9-6fae4087a30c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "029b7104bc5ae7456010d48cae7181c77aa20167a5b82f071a428e1962100887", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 25-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nmore familiar especially the theme of the theme. Repetition of what is heard will begin to be \n\nstored in memory and is called a formula. Second, the candidate of speakers not only heard, \n\nbut also began to try to tell what he had heard, whether accompanied by musical instruments \n\nor not. Third, young candidates are able to tell what is always heard through the teacher in \n\nfront of the audience. Here is where a young speaker is declared completing his learning \n\nstage Lord (2000: 21--25). \n\n    Inheritance of tinutuan not just as a local culinary in Manado, but inheritance as \n\ngastronomi tinutuan. Fossali (2008: 54--86) mentions gastronomy as a study of the \n\nrelationship between culture and food, where gastronomy studies various cultural \n\ncomponents with food as its center (culinary arts). Cultural and gastronomic relationships are \n\nformed because gastronomy is a product of cultivation in agricultural activities so that the \n\nembodiment of color, aroma, and taste of a food can be traced to its origins from the \n\nenvironment where its raw materials are produced (Barrera and Alvaradi, 2008). \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nThis is a qualitative study. Research data from the result through observation, interview, \n\nliterature study, and document. The informant was determined purposively. Data were \n\nanalyzed by qualitative data analysis. The presentation of writing is done narratively. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nFormal Inheritance  \n\nFormal inheritance efforts, especially in the community with the school cannot be done \n\ndue to lack of scientific data support, including lack of research or study of culinary tinutuan. \n\nOther factors that cause the plan is not realized is the absence of human resources and \n\nmodels that can be used as a pattern in culinary learning tinutuan formally. The pattern must \n\nbe adapted to the needs of the young generation now without eliminating the essence of \n\ntinutuan culinary itself. \n\n \n\nHermie Marasi as one of the Physics study teacher who has been serving for decades \n\nin high school express as follows: \"As long as I became a teacher and the curriculum was \n\nenforced, as far as I know, I have never specifically studied local content in studying local \n\nfoods, especially tinutuan. Even though my leadership has instructed it, no one has agreed \n\nto teach the children. There should be a pattern or model about regional food so that we can", "start_char_idx": 2909, "end_char_idx": 5604, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8a780cb5-47ec-4173-b2d9-6fae4087a30c": {"__data__": {"id_": "8a780cb5-47ec-4173-b2d9-6fae4087a30c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36926", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "e11522ef6d15b327dedc3f9b6b3d6c6135f1f81275985eeaa50d12a0dca9a872", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e016431e-738e-455c-8657-e1c10f7ab71a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "6a98f7675d26bed593c201ca83669e987da14feb46e7c41f2648558b96308301", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a78c183e-1eb2-4cc7-9e1b-fa1865f4647a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8a36154869fb5ca7b0d06769071a5bbfd19bf1288ff2dd3368f003b6e52c9d21", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 25-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\neasily continue or apply in the learning process in the class, especially we are not \n\nprofessionals in the field of culture and social. Thus, during this time the field of local content \n\nstudy is only filled by inadequate teaching-learning teachers tied to local content. Examples \n\nof this are teachers of biology and geography. They take the theme of a biological \n\nenvironment such as living things and geography. The possibility that teachers of culinary \n\nstudies, then related to tinutuan, but our school only there majors IPA (Science of Nature), \n\nSocial Studies (IPS), and language \". \n\nHermie Marasi\u2019s statement above illustrates that tinutuan culinary cannot exist as a \n\nformal inheritance system in the field of education in the local content-based curriculum. \n\nTherefore, until now the inheritance system or inheritance pattern found in tinutuan culinary \n\nis inheritance system informally. \n\n \n\nInheritance in Family Dining Culture \n\nThe pattern of culinary eating habits tinutuan in the next generation is a mirror pattern \n\nof eating habits in the family. The phenomenon found in tinutuan culinary inheritance is \n\nlearning through the family. There is a tendency for families who are busy mom or worker, do \n\nnot have time to cook and serve tinutuan culinary as daily menu. Despite the fondness for \n\ntinutuan culinary and understand the values contained in tinutuan culinary, tinutuan culinary  \n\nalways marginalized since the form of preparation, processing until its presentation in the \n\ndaily menu family. \n\nThe marginalization of tinutuan culinary  happens in the form of preparation and \n\nprocessing which cannot be inherited to their children as future generations from the parents. \n\nThis is because when parents want to eat tinutuan culinary, they do not prepare their own \n\ningredients and process them directly witnessed and practiced with their children. The way \n\ntaken by parents is getting tinutuan culinary from rumah makan (food stalls) or restaurants. \n\n \n\nThe way in which parents serve tinutuan culinary is without involving their children which \n\nresults in the inheritance system only to the second stage from the three (according to Lord \n\n(2000: 21-25)). In the first stage, the children already have a formula for repeatedly heard \n\nabout the tinutuan culinary. The second stage, the children are not only hear, but also begin \n\nto try to enjoy what he has heard. On the other hand, the third stage has not been done \n\nbecause the children are unable to tell what is always heard through their parents to others. \n\nThus, the learning stage has not been resolved and the inheritance system will be broken.", "start_char_idx": 5609, "end_char_idx": 8558, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a78c183e-1eb2-4cc7-9e1b-fa1865f4647a": {"__data__": {"id_": "a78c183e-1eb2-4cc7-9e1b-fa1865f4647a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36926", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "e11522ef6d15b327dedc3f9b6b3d6c6135f1f81275985eeaa50d12a0dca9a872", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8a780cb5-47ec-4173-b2d9-6fae4087a30c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "400d4f9a2d87a1a298e129f0111124dbe8b54bfb7885e957f5825ec64ad5f71f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cf6cc3f1-0449-4fe8-8d77-63dbdcb9c1ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3d3e3280b8e9297d7acbb41f1b8320d168be1077dbb0de47fc9f3c675cb3919b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 25-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nStages of learning in the process of tinutuan culinary  inheritance can be started in the \n\nfamily when children are still in growth and development, namely the age of children under \n\nfive (under five years) until the age of adolescents. At the age of children under five, they \n\nhave not been able to perform the form of preparation and processing tinutuan culinary. \n\nPreparation forms include food procurement consisting of rice, gedi leaves, kangkung, \n\ncassava, red brick (red sweet potato), milu (corn), sambiki (pumpkin), spinach, and kukuru \n\n(basil leaves). \n\nActually the procurement of food in the tinutuan culinary can be done easily, that is by \n\ntaking it in the yard or in the market. However, for toddlers this work is very difficult, even \n\nendangering the child's safety when picking up grown food or using sharp tools to cut and go \n\nto a market of his own. It is similar to  the processing that uses cutting tools and cooking \n\nequipment. Therefore, the way of inheritance can only be done by listening and giving \n\nexamples of the processing for children to see. \n\nWhen children always hear parents calling tinutuan culinary, they will be familiar with \n\nthis culinary word \u201ctinutuan\u201d. Hearing memory will record and cause curiosity and desire to \n\nsee and feel tinutuan culinary because at that age, the curiosity is very large. If the acceptance \n\nof the sense of taste is good, it will give love to tinutuan culinary as the children\u2019s favorite \n\nfood. \n\nLove of tinutuan culinary can be started from parents by mentioning the name of food \n\nused in the tinutuan culinary processing and the benefits contained in each of these foods. \n\nThus, there is a sense of pride in the traditional food, which is not just a local food of hunger \n\nsatisfaction, but also has meaning and impact. \n\nThe phenomenon found is that teenagers do not like anymore cooking activities, \n\nincluding cooking tinutuan culinary. That's because parents do not teach their children to cook \n\nbecause they are busy working as parents. However, there are also parents who do not work, \n\nbecause they feel they have enough time, they do not allow their children to do cooking work. \n\nTeenage children who can cook tinutuan are because of their own will and not because \n\nthey are forced or assigned by their parents. The way of cooking is obtained through \n\nobservation when their parents cook and learn to practice it. Thus, whatever busy their parent, \n\nthey still have time for together children to show the tinutuan culinary ingredients, processing \n\nmethods, and presentation. \n\nOne of the tinutuan culinary ingredients that must not be forgotten by parents in this \n\ninheritance system is the use of rice and gedy leaves, although it has been facilitated with the", "start_char_idx": 8563, "end_char_idx": 11623, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cf6cc3f1-0449-4fe8-8d77-63dbdcb9c1ad": {"__data__": {"id_": "cf6cc3f1-0449-4fe8-8d77-63dbdcb9c1ad", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36926", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "e11522ef6d15b327dedc3f9b6b3d6c6135f1f81275985eeaa50d12a0dca9a872", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a78c183e-1eb2-4cc7-9e1b-fa1865f4647a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "340d423ae64955cdf4544e9b3eaab7179211e7136ce4351d1724c6736720b74f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9c12d3d0-5ba6-4c79-940d-5491a0feba23", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bef2a7716a3b1af1d42c4630def2ca331db646c4a635333e45043e62990cff96", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 25-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\navailability of other food as a mixture in the tinutuan culinary. The identity of basic \n\ncommodities, namely rice and gedy, is maintained as the meaning of the culinary name of \n\ntinutuan because it is this basic ingredient that distinguishes the food tradition of vegetable \n\nporridge over the pattern of eating habits in other areas. For gedi inheritance, the government \n\ncan make this food part of the government program to popularize in the home yard, school, \n\nor pilot garden location. \n\nFurthermore, in this family inheritance system, parents always present tinutuan culinary \n\nin the events held in the household, such as worship groups, social gathering, and family \n\nwelfare counseling groups (PKK or pendidikan kesejahteraan keluarga), even at a family \n\noccasion, a regional thanksgiving party, or a party event. The children are accustomed to \n\ntinutuan culinary which is not served at the wedding ceremony and traditional \n\nfeast/thanksgiving area, whereas culinary food tinutuan was not forbidden or a taboo on the \n\nevent. \n\nIt is better the tinutuan culinary be the pattern of daily eating habits presented by parents \n\nin the family menu by involving family members to prepare and process it. The habitual pattern \n\nwill be a way of inheritance system in a quality family in the formation of a harmonious family \n\nand love the food of tinutuan culinary tradition. When the parents giving money to their \n\nchildren should recommend to eat the tinutuan culinary at school or college. \n\n \n\nInheritance in the Culinary Business \n\nThe business world has a certainty that all business people are entitled to success even \n\nthough not everyone is able to achieve it. There are many ways to succeed, but not every \n\nbusiness person can do it. Business in tinutuan culinary in addition to providing financial \n\nbenefits also provide a system of local food (the tinutuan culinary) inheritance. \n\nThe inheritance system done in the tinutuan culinary  business is trying to attract \n\nconsumers by providing tinutuan culinary that has a sense of attractiveness in addition to the \n\nattractiveness of service and price. Local people who are economically limited will not be able \n\nto eat tinutuan culinary when they want to buy or consume everyday if the selling price of \n\ntinutuan culinary not in accordance with their income. That is, in contrast to culinary or \n\ngastronomic customers who are referred to Ardika (in Putra and Pitana, 2011), ie consumers \n\nwho have above average earnings. \n\nIn the inheritance of the tinutuan culinary business which is the unique food of Manado \n\nCity, the businessmen need their own way in processing and presenting as events, and social", "start_char_idx": 11628, "end_char_idx": 14608, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9c12d3d0-5ba6-4c79-940d-5491a0feba23": {"__data__": {"id_": "9c12d3d0-5ba6-4c79-940d-5491a0feba23", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36926", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "e11522ef6d15b327dedc3f9b6b3d6c6135f1f81275985eeaa50d12a0dca9a872", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cf6cc3f1-0449-4fe8-8d77-63dbdcb9c1ad", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "096ce8ddd687a62645f49b43057572d03213c0b4bc7b6b2f94e7bc9162d00b22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1b0f8b70-2704-44dc-8971-1ce962a1e880", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2f6bce0a4636ff669a7f2f915697d15a232fbf7aec2ff7a27ce07c713f88affc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 25-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\nstatus for those who enjoy or consume them. When they are satisfied to consume, the \n\ntinutuan culinary will be told repeatedly to others. Those who hear it will come and consume \n\nit as well. Similarly, if they are satisfied, they will invite others again to enjoy it. Through this \n\nprocess, the inheritance of food culture, especially tinutuan culinary as unique food of Manado \n\nCity occurs. \n\nThe tinutuan culinary cooks in this business will naturally learn to recognize and practice \n\nthe processing of the tinutuan culinary. Thus, the tinutuan culinary will be a commodity that \n\ncan be enjoyed by the next generation. This indirectly serves as a means of preserving the \n\nidentity of traditional food of Manado City. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS \n\nInheritance systems or patterns in the tinutuan gastronomy are generally still informal. \n\nA formal inheritance system cannot be done because it requires a policy-making role. The \n\nculinary or gastronomy inheritance system that can be carried out, that is the inheritance in \n\nthe family eating culture and inheritance in the culinary business. \n\nIn this case it is suggested that, in welcoming the increasingly global world movement, \n\nlocal people should be able to cultivate the existing cultural capital of gastronomy into the \n\nforms of entrepreneurship that feed them.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\n The writer thanks E-Journal of Cultural Studies, Universitas Udayana,  for publishing \n\nthis article.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAppendino, G. 2007. The Recipe: Science, Tradition and Folklore. Gastronomy  Sci \n1(7):84--91. \n\nArisman. 2004. Gizi dalam Daur Kehidupan. Jakarta: EGC. \n\nArnott, Margaret, L. 1976. World Anthropology: Gastronomy: The Anthropology of Food and \nFood Habits.  Berlin/Boston.  De Gruyter Mouton. \n\nBachmid, J. Raine.  2014.  Persepsi Wisatawan Domestik terhadap Tinutuan sebagai \nMakanan Khas Daerah Sulut. [hhtp://ejournal. unima. \nac.id/index.php/Fatek/article/view/2316, accessed at 10 October 2015].    \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005.  Culture Studies Teori dan Praktek. Yokyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 25-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\nBarrera, E. Alvaradi, O.B. 2008. Food Trails: Tourist Architectures Built On Food  Identity. \nGastronomic Sci 3(8): 56--63. \n\nBartono, Ruflino.  2006.  Dasar-dasar Food Product Dilengkapi dengan Resep-Resep \nIstimewa.  Yogya: CV Andi Offset (Penerbit Andi). \n\nBenedict, Ruth. 1996. Pola-Pola Kebudayaan (Terjemahan). Jakarta: Dian Rakyat. \n\nBerg, Alan, Robert, J. Muscat. 1985.  Faktor Gizi. Jakarta: Bhatara Karya Aksara. \n\nEmile, Leushuis. 2014. Panduan Jelajah Kota Pustaka di Indonesia.  Jakarta: Penerbit \nOmbak.", "start_char_idx": 14613, "end_char_idx": 17810, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1b0f8b70-2704-44dc-8971-1ce962a1e880": {"__data__": {"id_": "1b0f8b70-2704-44dc-8971-1ce962a1e880", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36928", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "6b4d2dc5ba808520fba08e5bf8259f26a4a5573f73faa8b56efdfbf8883285cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9c12d3d0-5ba6-4c79-940d-5491a0feba23", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36926", "author": "Langi, Grace Kerly Lony", "title": " INHERITANCE SYSTEM OF TINUTUAN GASTRONOMY IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36926.pdf"}, "hash": "596a7973190031ca52b601d82c061d87941305730f9b7d012fb330ccaaa38b62", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9cac7218-8d8b-4e18-abf6-f84f85e1481f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4451f626d38e6ba5b51f91e106c86a0baa6a3fbf5b883645f0b8c50dba239ca5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Bambang Dharwiyanto 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 32-37   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\n \n \n\nPRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL  \nON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA \n\n \nBambang Dharwiyanto Putro \nAA Ngurah Anom Kumbara \n\nA.A. Bagus Wirawan \nFaculty of Arts \n\nUniversitas Udayana \nemail: bdharwiyantoputro@yahoo.com  \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\n The matters pertaining to mental disorders are complex as they are not only related \nto the medical professionalism, patients, their families and society but they are also related \nto the stigma they have and the protection of their dignity and status. Stigma is like a prison \nin the social relation constructed by the apparatuses that contribute to development, the \nregime of knowledge, and modernism on behalf of normalization. By applying the point of \nview of cultural studies, namely siding with those who are suppressed, this present study is \nintended to identify the form of the stigma which the psychiatric patients have resulting from \nthe practice of power of the medical authority implemented by the Mental Hospital. \nObservation and in-depth interview methods were employed in the present study. The data \nwere collected through life story and library research. The collected data were analyzed \ndescriptively, qualitatively and interpretatively using the relevant critical theories such as the \ntheory of discourse, the theory of deconstruction, and the theory of hegemony.  \n The result of the study shows that there are two forms of the stigma which the \npsychiatric patients suffer from; they are the public stigma (the stigma brought about by \nsociety) and the self-stigma (the stigma brought about the patients and their families). The \nfactors which contribute to the stigma of mental disorders can be classified into two; they are \nthe external and internal factors as the translation of the hegemony of power and the \ndomination of the authority of social and medical apparatus over the psychiatric patients \nleading to the social and identity gap. This shows the form of the struggle involving power in \norder to strengthen the domination of the apparatus in different aspects of life. The psychiatric \npatients cannot speak and are so marginalized that they have almost never been heard. The \nsociety\u2019s social control through the saving mission of the Mental Hospital is implemented \nthrough the nursing practice and the controlling mechanism it performs in which the authority \nof the medical doctors is dominant enough to show that they have power in the Mental \nHospital.  \n \nKeywords: public stigma, self-stigma, mental disorders, mental hospital. \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\n The data prepared by Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan RI tahun \n\n2013 (the Research and Development Center of Health of the Republic of Indonesia of 2013)", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3126, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9cac7218-8d8b-4e18-abf6-f84f85e1481f": {"__data__": {"id_": "9cac7218-8d8b-4e18-abf6-f84f85e1481f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36928", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "6b4d2dc5ba808520fba08e5bf8259f26a4a5573f73faa8b56efdfbf8883285cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1b0f8b70-2704-44dc-8971-1ce962a1e880", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "44b2a80411219be8b35cf7ec837b4b8f2fbe1c382d9e7d03d9768fa840e141df", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dc240865-e18a-4baa-b61c-e65e2f5d39eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "eb59865315665c7f981ac528263e9bf6389af33fe0e808e8c6c35f02700d086b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 32-37   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\nshows that  Bali Province is listed in the first five regions with people of mental disorders  in \n\nIndonesia. They are Yogyakarta (2.7%), the Special Territory of Aceh (2.7%), South Sulawesi \n\nProvince (2.6%), Bali Province (2.3%), and Central Java Province (2.3%) (Riskedas, 2013: \n\n126). The only Mental Hospital of Bali Province, located in Bangli Regency, stated that the \n\nnumber of people with psychiatric patients increased from year to year. In addition, the \n\nnumber of psychiatric patients with bad stigma always went up \n\n(http://www.halocities.com/7948). This proves that a number of people are still embarrassed \n\nif their family members are psychiatric patients; therefore, they are not exposed, causing them \n\nnot to be optimally taken care of.  \n\n Both the psychiatric patients who are still medically treated in the Mental Hospital and \n\nthose who have returned to their families are still discriminatively treated by the environment \n\nwhere they stay. The reason is that their identities have changed since the medical doctor \n\ndiagnosed them as dangerous individuals (Foucault, 1994:176). Different forms of the \n\npeople\u2019s inappropriate attitude as the response to the existence of the psychiatric patients \n\nresult from the construction of the way of thinking following from the public unawareness. A \n\npsychiatric patient usually faces stigma, discrimination and marginalization. The stigma \n\nhe/she has causes his/her family to be embarrassed and people get afraid of them. The \n\nimplication is that he/she will be marginalized from his/her social environment; therefore, \n\nhe/she delays treatment; as a result, he/she is getting more miserable, and the healing \n\nprocess is getting slower. These all hamper him/her to return to the society (Suryani, 1999: \n\n16\u201418). \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n This present study was designed to use the qualitative method that gives emphasis \n\non the in-depth, emic, ethic and holistic description based on the field research intensively \n\nconducted in the social stigmatization that the psychiatric patients suffer from, meaning that \n\nit was not designed to use the quantitative method which gives emphasis on measurement \n\nor testing. The data were analyzed from the perspective of cultural studies. \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\n Stigma is a multi-component concept involving labeling, stereotype and social \n\nisolation, loss of status, and discrimination which play roles in different strengths between \n\nthose who suffer from stigma and those who contribute to stigma. Finally, the families of the", "start_char_idx": 3131, "end_char_idx": 5984, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dc240865-e18a-4baa-b61c-e65e2f5d39eb": {"__data__": {"id_": "dc240865-e18a-4baa-b61c-e65e2f5d39eb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36928", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "6b4d2dc5ba808520fba08e5bf8259f26a4a5573f73faa8b56efdfbf8883285cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9cac7218-8d8b-4e18-abf6-f84f85e1481f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "a767c0998d251fc33dc0b34ec3d7a6f7dcc603a6fb7de191363ef40834606a76", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "43ef6800-ef92-4bb9-92b1-0618d48a238f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "36e48e3b7cf4f0a515ea6f6e9234c5384c5413999e16483c5000a9fe00da4e8a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 32-37   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\npsychiatric patients move from one medical doctor to another to treat them. They do this as \n\nan attempt to find the medical doctor who suits their members who suffer from mental \n\ndisorders (in the Balinese community it is well-known as the conception of suitability). As far \n\nas the conception of suitability is concerned, every culture has it. The Balinese term \n\n\u2018pertemuan\u2019 (suitability) or the Javanese term \u2018jodhon-jodhon\u2019 (suitability) represents the \n\nBalinese people\u2019s emic expression used to express hunting for health. In relation to the \n\nattempt which is made to hunt for health recovery, the Balinese people say \u2018sire uning drike \n\nwenten pertemuan\u2019 (who knows that suitability can be found there). Actually, the maintenance \n\nof the conception of suitability \u2018pertemuan/jodhon-jodhon) cannot be separated from \n\nknowledge and medical experience. \n\n A mental disorder in the people\u2019s social arena is labeled as something which is \n\nstrange, frightening, endangering and a disgrace; in other words, it is viewed as a deviation \n\n(disharmony). Therefore, a system and mechanism is needed to normalize the people\u2019s life \n\ndirected in the implementation of the discipline of health power in the social control produced \n\nand spread through the institution of the Mental Hospital. The controlling power of the Mental \n\nHospital is employed in the clinical meeting between the medical doctor and patient. It is also \n\nused by the nurses, patients and their families when they have something to do with diseases. \n\nControl is a type of symbol symbolizing the rhetoric of treatment and a pseudo-tool of the \n\nequipment used to reproduce the rhetoric of the social policy in the change of the patient\u2019s \n\nstatus. The change in the patient\u2019s status results from the opposite discourse which society \n\nhas. The binary opposition discourse of both being normal and being abnormal and being \n\nhealthy and being sick is established by the medical doctor\u2019s authority through the diagnosis \n\nhe makes and through the continued health treatment provided by the mental hospital. In \n\naddition, the binary opposition discourse of both being normal and being abnormal and being \n\nhealthy and being sick is also a strong social control which contributes to stigma.  \n\n In relation to that, the ethic condition of treating the psychiatric patient is derived from \n\nthe moral principle which suits the non-psychiatric disease. As a result, conflict takes place \n\nwhether appreciating the patient\u2019s autonomy or taking care of the patient paternalistically. \n\nHistorically, the psychiatric practice was regarded as being identical with power and \n\nmythological forbearance packaged as a paternalistic coercive intervention in the 18th century \n\n(Bertens, 1996: 301-310). The fact that man was getting aware of his existence as the \n\nautonomous moral agent and the fact that there was a movement which opposed the \n\npsychiatric practice of the 18th century which did not treat the psychiatric patient  humanly led", "start_char_idx": 5989, "end_char_idx": 9289, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "43ef6800-ef92-4bb9-92b1-0618d48a238f": {"__data__": {"id_": "43ef6800-ef92-4bb9-92b1-0618d48a238f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36928", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "6b4d2dc5ba808520fba08e5bf8259f26a4a5573f73faa8b56efdfbf8883285cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dc240865-e18a-4baa-b61c-e65e2f5d39eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "3f3e5eb9eab980cdbfac9a9c505af3d467684ef1dbadaf8a9957713543f1aa1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7233201a-3b45-4cf0-9ce7-c48a6b5bbf24", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "17bb991bdca30e889bc11db983c9551978a86789bbe5bb58f2d03abe9b9afd7d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 32-37   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n35 \n \n\nto the claim that the schizophrenia patient be treated in such a way that human rights were \n\nnot violated.  \n\n However, the fact shows that the struggle for empowerment in the society\u2019s domain \n\nhas not worked. It turns out that the psychiatric patient whom is stated to have \n\nmedically/clinically recovered from the psychiatric disorder by the medical doctor of the \n\nMental Hospital is still considered \u201cmentally sick\u201d. The social distance between those who \n\nwere medically diagnosed to have suffered from mental diseases and those who are not is \n\nmaintained. This situation proves that the authoritative power model implemented by the \n\nMental Hospital to treat the patient has not been effective enough. The strong image of the \n\nMental Hospital is that although the patient is stated to have clinically recovered from the \n\npsychiatric disorder he has suffered from, the stigmatization process and social control in the \n\nsociety\u2019s domain does not disappear. According to Kartono (1999:1), the psychiatric patients, \n\nboth those who are still in the treatment process and those who have recovered from the \n\ndisease, are justified not to be mentally healthy as far as the people\u2019s terminology is \n\nconcerned. People define insanity or not being mentally healthy as an improper or strange \n\nbehavior which is not in accordance with their standard of value and expectation. In relation \n\nto that, Link and Phelan state that stigma cannot be separated from being differently labeled, \n\ncultural domination, differently labeled social position or the category of who belong to us and \n\nwho belong to them (Link and Phelan, 2001: 367). The stigmatization process attributes to a \n\ncertain label which identifies that the negative characteristics of the disease which the \n\npsychiatric patient suffers from are his. In fact, it is highly difficult to eliminate this.  \n\n The control identification also indirectly takes place through the discourse which \n\ndevelops in society in general and through the mass media in particular which importantly \n\ncontributes to the perception of the knowledge of the psychiatric patient who is physically \n\nisolated and marginalized, and treated in the Mental Hospital with its special image. Finally, \n\npeople develop their social stigma (public stigma)  made up of refusal, isolation, and violence. \n\nIn addition, the physical discipline power over stigma follows closely the patient (self-stigma)  \n\nmade up of prejudice, feeling guilty, fear and anger. Such a condition affects the internal and \n\nexternal factors which contribute to the patient\u2019s stigma. The external factor includes disgrace, \n\nany myth of the mental disorder, and the people\u2019s belief in the role played by the shaman; the \n\ninternal factors include the family\u2019s knowledge of the etiology of the mental disorder, no \n\nsupport from the family, and embarrassment. These all eternalize the process of reproducing", "start_char_idx": 9294, "end_char_idx": 12511, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7233201a-3b45-4cf0-9ce7-c48a6b5bbf24": {"__data__": {"id_": "7233201a-3b45-4cf0-9ce7-c48a6b5bbf24", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-36928", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "6b4d2dc5ba808520fba08e5bf8259f26a4a5573f73faa8b56efdfbf8883285cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "43ef6800-ef92-4bb9-92b1-0618d48a238f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "75705aaf1e2a28626e5ab8fbb9d1ee0b0e7f7c354952644a79a835478f841fb2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "74da33c4-8d7b-4925-9720-c45264fb8148", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6710a73db6da4b312e886b00bcc402c8dda0e3febb8b29af64ab2efc703bec00", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 32-37   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n36 \n \n\nthe mental disorder (madness) as the consequence of the strategy of power and social \n\nregulation applied in society. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\n Although it is stated that the patient has medically recovered from the mental disorder \n\nhe suffered from, people still regard him as \u201cbeing mentally disturbed\u201d and \u201csick\u201d as they are \n\ncontaminated by the opinion that the object treated by the medical doctor is the patient himself \n\ninstead of the disease he suffered from. The stigma given by people to the patient, as a \n\nproduct of the Mental Hospital, is so strong that he is too weak to eliminate it in every aspect \n\nof his life.  \n\n As a reflection to us all, the equilibrium which we encounter in everyday life when we \n\nlook at the world should be used as the main thought of departure to the critical way of thinking \n\nthat there are hidden relations of power here and there for the interest of a few of people. \n\nThis is in line with what is stated by Michel Foucault who criticizes the power spread by \n\nsciences through what is thought to be true in order to discipline the human body which can \n\ncontribute to the disciplinary society.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \n\n The writers would like to thank Prof. A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara, M.A., Prof. A.A. \n\nBagus Wirawan, S.U., and Dr. Putu Sukardja, M/Si. for their patience and supervision during \n\nthe completion of this study and leading the writer to the critical way of thinking. It is hoped \n\nthat Almighty God will reward you all for what you have done. Amin.  \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nBertens K., 1996. Filsafat Barat Abad XX. Perancis. Jakarta: Pt Gramedia. \n\nFoucault, Michel, 1994. \u201cGovernmentality\u201d, in James D. Faubion (ed.), Power Essential Work \nOf Foucault 1954-1984, London: Penguin Books. \n\nhttp://Halocities.Com/7948. 2012. \u201cJumlah Pasien Gangguan Jiwa di Bali Meningkat\u201d, \naccessed in 15 September 2016. \n\nKartono, Kartini, 1999. Patologi Sosial. Jakarta: Pt Raja Grafindo Persada. \n\nKasniyah, Naniek, 2003. \u201cSinten Ngertos Jodho, Mbokmenawi Mantun\u201d, in Harian Minggu \nSuara Merdeka, 20 Juli. \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               Feb 2018 Vol. 11, Number 1, Page 32-37   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n37 \n \n\nLink, Bruce G., Phelan, Jo C., 2001. \u201cConceptualizing Stigma\u201d, in The Sociological Review. \n\nSuryani, L.K., 1999. Pendekatan Bio-Psiko-Spirit-Sosiobudaya di Psikiatri FK Unud. \nDenpasar: Laboratorium Psikiatri FK Unud RSUP Sanglah.", "start_char_idx": 12516, "end_char_idx": 15410, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "74da33c4-8d7b-4925-9720-c45264fb8148": {"__data__": {"id_": "74da33c4-8d7b-4925-9720-c45264fb8148", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7dcee36c151b55217726df8f7f23085e080271380ade61952ecfe2b3feb0d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7233201a-3b45-4cf0-9ce7-c48a6b5bbf24", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-36928", "author": "Putro, Bambang Dharwiyanto; Kumbara, AA Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus", "title": " PRACTICE OF POWER OF MEDICAL AUTHORITY OF THE MENTAL HOSPITAL ON THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH STIGMA", "date": "2018-02-01", "file": "ecs-36928.pdf"}, "hash": "192df36ee9fd63d214c6b2df4cfde5522032dff9560cb60e01d3b6b1ee77565b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3b7cf34e-15b5-4117-840c-cbc2c21184a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "51fbc3e876111f8cb9da1ec64e676fed3af5faa884724000071e0bab480da50f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Wa Ode Sitti Hafsah 3\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 15-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\n \n \n\nMARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS  \nAT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY  \n\nIN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY,  \nSOUTHEAST SULAWESI \n\n \n\nWa Ode Sitti Hafsah, A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara, Ni Made Wiasti, I Ketut Setiawan  \n\nHalu Oleo University \n\nemail: sitihafsahwaode@yahoo.co.id \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n This study discusses the forms of marginalization of women laborers at oil palm \nindustry of Damai Jaya Lestari Company in Wiwirano District of North Konawe Regency. The \neconomy factor brings the women to work in public sector as hard laborer because their \neducation level is low. As the result, they often get unjustify action and marginalization. As \nqualitative method and culture studies, this study aims finding out the forms of marginalization \nof women laborers at Damai Jaya Lestari Company. In analyzing the data, it used theories of \nfeminism, gender relation, and power relation. To find out the relevant data, the study used \nparticipant observation, interview, and documentation.  \n The result of the study shows that the forms of marginalization of women laborers at \nDamai Jaya Lestari Company are unjustice of laborers recruitment, access of working, closed \ncontrol of company, low wages, no assurance of health and work accident, bad work tool and \nfacility, and double burden of women laborers. Those are also factors of marginalization of \nwomen laborers at Damai Jaya Lestari Company. Although the women laborer get the job in \npublic sectors and has contribution to the family prosperity, it can not change the paradigm \nof patriarchal culture in the social and culture system of Wiwirano society in North Konawe, \nincluding at Damai Jaya Lestari company.  \n \nKey words: marginalization, women laborer, oil palm industry.  \n\n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nThe plantage of oil palm gives economically the profit for not only the company or \n\ngovernment, but also the people living in the around of industry. The company needs many \n\nworkers, either for professional workers or daily workers, like laborers. In the plantage, the \n\nparticipation of women can be seen from their role as field workers. Oil palm industry of Damai \n\nJaya Lestari Company in Wiwirano District of North Konawe Regency has many workers for \n\nboth men and women. The opinion of women that they are weaker and should be existed \n\nonly in domestic area affects the women work status in the company. Their participation in", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2808, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3b7cf34e-15b5-4117-840c-cbc2c21184a6": {"__data__": {"id_": "3b7cf34e-15b5-4117-840c-cbc2c21184a6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7dcee36c151b55217726df8f7f23085e080271380ade61952ecfe2b3feb0d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "74da33c4-8d7b-4925-9720-c45264fb8148", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7b9f761bb862542fe4c178d32ccab5acb21e3d7ce444bb9394840f24e6f1949c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9f5380d1-07e9-4e81-925f-92f483ab5fd2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e5eee17289a775f0a477505f41c1d8c19d5ae13446529497f6770a1b052b8ad7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 15-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\nthe company is less than men. The phenomenon creates several new problems. The \n\npathriarchy culture also brings the women to work only in domestic or privat area and ignores \n\ntheir freedom to do competition in social or public areas. In other aspect, the most of women \n\nat PT Damai Jaya Lestari work only as daily worker. As the result, their income is less than \n\nthe men laborers. Basically, the economy factor brings the women to work in public sector as \n\nhard laborer because their education level is low. As the result, they often get unjustify action \n\nand marginalization. \n\nThe phenomena above like issues of gender, biology tendition, partriarchy culture \n\nbrings the women laborers at oil palm industry of Damai Jaya Lestari Company in Wiwirano \n\nDistrict of North Konawe Regency undergo marginalization. Whereas, the women laborers \n\nhave important role. The problem needs studies to decrease the gender deviation because it \n\ncan create the bad action to the women, children, either for physic or mental hardness. This \n\nstudy is hoped become basic investigation in cultural studies as placement of women laborers \n\nin public sector. Therefore, the study of \u201cMarginalization of Women Laborers at Oil Palm \n\nIndustry of Damai Jaya Lestari Company in Wiwirano District of North Konawe Regency, \n\nSoutheast Sulawesi is very important and relevant to be conducted.  \n\nThis study focuses on the forms of marginalization of women laborers at Industry of \n\nDamai Jaya Lestari Company in Wiwirano District of North Konawe Regency, Southeast \n\nSulawesi. Significantly, this study gives contribution theoretically to the improving the science \n\nand knowledge about women laborers at oil palm industry. Practically, this study has \n\nadvantages for as follows (1) government, it can be used to determine or made the suitable \n\nwisdom or rule about the women laborers at plantage; (2) other people can concern and give \n\ngood attention to the women laborers; and (3) as reference for other relevant studies.  \n\nThis study uses the theories of feminism, gender relation, and power relation. Ritzer \n\n(2011: 403-404) states that feminism theory is a generalization of various opinions about \n\nsocial life and human experience that is developed from women center perspective. This \n\ntheory focuses on the women in three aspects. First, the focuses of its study are women \n\ncondition and experience in the society life. Second, in the study process, women become \n\n\u201ccentral\u201d; it means that investigating the world from the women point of view. Third, this theory \n\nwas developed by critics thinker and activists to create the better life for women. Moreover, \n\nFakih (2013: 6) defines feminism as awaraness and action that is caused by the assumption \n\nof that the women have been exploitated and marginalized, and an effort to end the \n\nexploitation and marginalization.", "start_char_idx": 2813, "end_char_idx": 5978, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9f5380d1-07e9-4e81-925f-92f483ab5fd2": {"__data__": {"id_": "9f5380d1-07e9-4e81-925f-92f483ab5fd2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7dcee36c151b55217726df8f7f23085e080271380ade61952ecfe2b3feb0d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3b7cf34e-15b5-4117-840c-cbc2c21184a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "945007d73cf7b4d490ef0890a65d5f7da389de947b9cec6f140d41b48b1b0089", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "56bbb2b9-2a47-4495-b95c-c96bb1eef481", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5d82fa07020f840f5aadc8572b50314a697bbd74b4c0dd4d7570c7d32eab0be2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 15-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nThe feminism theory is idea system that is generalized that involve many aspects of \n\nsocial life and women experience. The essence of humanism theory is against toward any \n\nform of colonialization, domination, hegemony, unjustify, and radicalism. \n\nThe second theory is gender relation. The gender refers to the role of men and women \n\nthat is socially constructed. The difference of sex and biology is the nature from The God. \n\nGender is the difference between men and women through social and culture process \n\n(Istibsyaroh, 2004: 59). In gender concept, men and women develop as adult human with \n\nspecific values and characteristics that involve (1) reflexion the importance of seperation \n\nbetween men and women and (2) function to culturize the men and weaken the women in \n\npatriarchy society (Tong, 2010: 224). Basically, the identity of gender can explained in three \n\npsychology theories, they are Freud\u2019s Psycho-analysis theory, socialization theory, and \n\ncognitive development theory (Nugroho: 2008: 54). \n\nThe third theory which is used in this study is power relation. The idea of power  is the \n\nmain or key of the Foucault\u2019s phylosophy view. Foucault believes that there are many powers \n\nor strengths in the human relation. Those powers or strengths are found in several aspects \n\nof human relation, relation of human and environment, and relation of human and their \n\ncondition (Beoang, 1997:50-51). According Foucault, the power or strength is always \n\nactualized through the knowledge, and the knowledge has power effect. The knowledge is \n\nthe basic for power. Besides, the power are builded by the economy aspect and thruth \n\ndiscourse. The knowledge is not out of the power relation, but rather than in the power relation \n\nitself. The power produces the knowledge. There is not any power without knowledge, and \n\nvice versa there is not any knowledge without power. The Foucault\u2019s concept brings the \n\nconsequence that to know the power, it needs study about knowledge production based on \n\nthe power. Each power is arranged, kept, and realized or actualized through knowledge and \n\ncertain discourse. The certain discourse creates the certain truth and knowledge, that has \n\npower effect. This definition is more used by the historian and experts in politic and social  life \n\n(Haryatmoko, 2002:10). \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD  \n\nThis study was conducted in qualitative design. Qualitative study is a method with \n\ndescriptively interpretation way (Ratna, 2010:48). The data collected through observation, \n\ninterview, and documentation. According Nasution (2007: 56) that to get good data, it should \n\nbe done in three ways, namely observation, interview, and documentation. The data from", "start_char_idx": 5983, "end_char_idx": 8990, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "56bbb2b9-2a47-4495-b95c-c96bb1eef481": {"__data__": {"id_": "56bbb2b9-2a47-4495-b95c-c96bb1eef481", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7dcee36c151b55217726df8f7f23085e080271380ade61952ecfe2b3feb0d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9f5380d1-07e9-4e81-925f-92f483ab5fd2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "ac92a4ac75b63ee34b6717f2934fbfa9bf5c23132d9eb261e2d391548bfc62db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "acc49cce-3013-41eb-b5fc-54b1bc3c3b8b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bfd102173875fcf23176ac0abebf70baf85239f7dc6a405e2b226a0adc136bfe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 15-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nobservation can be supported by data from interviewing. Interview method was realized by \n\nface speaking technique. Interview method was used to obtain detailed information or \n\nexplanation concerning the marginalization of women laborers. In this way, it was expected \n\nthat the interview could be fluently and flexibly carried out, and that it was not boring. \n\nDocumentation study also can add other information and support for both data which are \n\nobtained from observation and interview. Ratna (2010: 235) states that the particular \n\ncharacteristic of documentation study is refer to past activity, with main function as note or \n\nevidence of event, activity, and certain condition. \n\nIn this present study, the data were continually analyzed while the study was being \n\nconducted through three lanes of activities; they are (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, \n\nand (3) data interpretation and conclusion drawing (Miles and Habermas, 1992: 89). \n\nAccording to Wuisman (2013: 32), the interpretative analysis essentially describes again the \n\ndefining system already collectively developed by the members of a group of people \n\napplicable to them. Data reduction is the process to summarize the notes in the field by \n\nchoosing only the main points and concern to the issues of marginalization of women laborers \n\nat oil palm industry of Damai Jaya Lestari company. The summarizes were arranged \n\nsystematically in order to get good and clear interpretation description.  \n\nBy using the concepts, theories, and method used in this study, it can identify, classify, \n\nselect, and analyze the information or data which has been collected in the field. The data \n\nconcerns to marginalization of women laborers at oil palm industry of Damai Jaya Lestari \n\ncompany. The collected data was interpreted and concluded by giving meaning based on the \n\nsocial facts. \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION  \n\nThere are many women laborers at oil palm industry of Damai Jaya Lestari Company \n\nin Wiwirano District of North Konawe Regency. Most of them work in the afdeling. The \n\ncompany was build to recruit many workers in Wiwirano District of North Konawe Regency, \n\nso it can increase the prosperity of Wiwirano\u2019s society. However, it is different with the real \n\ncondition. Many women laborers who work in the company get marginalization or unjustify \n\naction. The women laborers often do complaint to the company about their rights. The \n\ncomplaints concern to the issues of gender and ignoreing to the women roles. Although the \n\nwomen laborer get the job in public sectors and has contribution to the family prosperity, it", "start_char_idx": 8995, "end_char_idx": 11911, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "acc49cce-3013-41eb-b5fc-54b1bc3c3b8b": {"__data__": {"id_": "acc49cce-3013-41eb-b5fc-54b1bc3c3b8b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7dcee36c151b55217726df8f7f23085e080271380ade61952ecfe2b3feb0d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "56bbb2b9-2a47-4495-b95c-c96bb1eef481", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "f53b0ac00d2c3d148c239730ff5094f108394dd5856a9047aa72c94fe23df799", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1950d519-1f48-4f1e-8250-9c1d27008c53", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "668cf6027894c5524aab07521a3ca4d37e44bfd3c1d6eb99eac51699528959fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 15-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\ncan not change the paradigm of patriarchal culture in the social and culture system of \n\nWiwirano society in North Konawe, including at Damai Jaya Lestari company. \n\nThe forms of marginalization of women laborers at Damai Jaya Lestari Company are \n\nunjustice of laborers recruitment, access of working, closed control of company, low wages, \n\nno assurance of health and work accident, bad work tool and facility, and double burden of \n\nwomen laborers. The explanation of each form can be seen in the illustration below. \n\nBased on the observation and result of interview, there is difference of men and women \n\nin the recruitment of workers, mainly in the afdeling. The women laborers who work in the \n\nafdeling do non get the work contract, while men laborers get it. Basides, the position the \n\nwomen laborers in the oil palm plantage or afdeling is put based on their education level. The \n\npositions include garden manager, factory manager, factory assistent, traction assistent, \n\nheavy equipment measurement, foreman, and daily workers. Those positions are given to \n\nlaborers who have experience or suitable education background. The most important is how \n\nthe company can place the workers with high quality based on their major and be responsible \n\nto the duties given by the company. The quality planning is very important since increasing \n\nthe work performance in personalia management can create increasing of product and \n\nminimize the operational costs (Sulistiyani, 2009:103). The planning is should be maintained \n\nsince it is basic process to choose aims and determine the target (Siswanto, 2013:42). \n\nRecruitment to men workers is more prominent than recruitment to the women workers. \n\nTherefore, Damai Jaya Lestari company has more men laborers than women laborers. The \n\nphenomenon occurs since the men are stronger than women. Fakih (2004: 17) states that \n\nthe position of men is higher or stronger than women, so the role of men is larger or higher \n\nthan the role of women. \n\nThe forms of marginalization toward women laborers in the recruitment aspect \n\ninvolves the work contract is not given to the women laborers, recruitment of men workers is \n\nmore prominent than women workers, and there is not any work training. The work contract \n\nat oil palm industry of Damai Jaya Lestari Company only given to the laborers who fulfill \n\ncertain criteria. Damai Jaya Lestari Company has two work contract models, namely written \n\nwork contract and oral or unwritten work contract. Based on the result of interview, the \n\nworkers, mainly for women laborers do not get written work contact. They get only unwritten \n\nwork contract as laborers. This phenomenon is not good for women laborers and they can be \n\nstopped as laborers suddenly. This condition is often undergone by the women laborers who \n\nwork in the afdeling.", "start_char_idx": 11916, "end_char_idx": 15054, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1950d519-1f48-4f1e-8250-9c1d27008c53": {"__data__": {"id_": "1950d519-1f48-4f1e-8250-9c1d27008c53", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7dcee36c151b55217726df8f7f23085e080271380ade61952ecfe2b3feb0d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "acc49cce-3013-41eb-b5fc-54b1bc3c3b8b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "5da315c28f9fa65b355cb091db1bee6eb77b3b86acb3614be110957c2e8fbb0c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d429cc8a-16b3-4920-97b0-92d1b49a0209", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0d752e9efc535b64d16d8706ad7437679a75e19e532aed48b0215cf58f685788", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 15-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nIstibsyaroh (2004: 3) states that in the feminism view, the classification of work based \n\non sex gives the disadvantages not only for women workers but also it is not relevant to the \n\nmodern life since men and women have same opportunities and potentions to access various \n\nprofession sectors. \n\nThe women laborers usually get unstandard work burden and their work or duties in \n\nthe company always changing. Their work burden always changes everyday. Besides, they \n\ndo not get reward if they work in overtime-work or reach over their target. Even, the company \n\ndoes not prepare or provide the work tool and facility for the laborers. The laborers, mainly \n\nthe women workers should provide the work tools by theirselves. Although the women \n\nlaborers have worked at the company in several years, they never get any reward, and even \n\nthey often get marginalization actions.  \n\nThe company does not build facility to support the work in the afdeling, like toilet or \n\ndermatory for laborers. It is very poor for women laborers, mainly when they want to do urinat \n\nor loosen the bowels. The condition is not difficult for men laborers because they can look for \n\nand do urinat and loosen the bowels in many places, like under the tree or near the river. It is \n\ndifferent to the women laborers, they feel difficult to do like the men. However, the women \n\nlaborers be forced to do urinat and loosen the bowels like the men laborers since there is not \n\nany toilet in the afdeling and their house from afdeling (the place where they work)  is very far \n\nabout 4-10 km. \n\nThe women laborers also get marginalization action in the access of working and \n\nclosed control of company. The women laborers are not given opportunity os space to know \n\nthe condition or information about the company. Besides, they are not permitted to ask leave, \n\nmainly for women laborers who work in the afdeling. They also get full control and are not \n\npermitted to take a rest before the work target reached. In other words, the management \n\nsystem that is applied in Damai Jaya Lestari Company harm the women laborers. The women \n\nlaborers think that the rule of management system of the company really ignores their right \n\nas laborers. For example, the women laborers are not permitted to do complaint. They can \n\nnot express their idea or opinion toward the company. Even, the company is very closed to \n\ntheir laborers and society. There is not access for laborers to give expression or positive input \n\nrelated to the development of company. \n\nMost of women who work at Damai Jaya Lestari Company are daily worker. They just \n\nwork in the afdeling. Afdeling is plantage location that function as area to seeding, plantage, \n\ncare, and harvest of oil palm. The women are only placed in the afdeling since their education", "start_char_idx": 15061, "end_char_idx": 18166, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d429cc8a-16b3-4920-97b0-92d1b49a0209": {"__data__": {"id_": "d429cc8a-16b3-4920-97b0-92d1b49a0209", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7dcee36c151b55217726df8f7f23085e080271380ade61952ecfe2b3feb0d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1950d519-1f48-4f1e-8250-9c1d27008c53", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "040a2c9ec92f010ab36fd571f3d31bd75a23778919a1475edebf1fd5b598baba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "83a59df6-d220-4d35-98bd-ba2f12aa179c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1b9c1fea935973d53a336f9c797ea69363245d6b5b030d4f5ffd325bfc9ea617", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 15-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\nis elementary school level. The condition brings the social conflict between women and men \n\nlaborers. In this case, if the women laborers do mistakes although not significant fault, they \n\nget big problem. They have lower status than the men. So, the women laborers have to work \n\nharder and more dilligent. Unfortunately, although the women laborer have worked maximally \n\nand give more contributions to the company, it can not change the paradigm about the \n\nweakness of women in social and culture system of Wiwirano society and at Damai Jaya \n\nLestari Company. \n\nBased on the result of interview and analysis, it is found that there is long space \n\nbetween the company direction and laborers. The company with its power has high or full \n\nauthority to behave the laborers. The laborers are forced to work in any condition in order \n\nthey can reach the target. The control of work is done by the supervisor or foremen or \n\nassistent. The foremen or assistent always create the unfresh or uncomfortable condtion for \n\nthe laborers, mainly for women laborers. As the result, the women laborers usually work under \n\nhigh pressure. The condition occurs since there is not good communication between the \n\ncompany and the laborers. \n\nMarginalization of women laborers also occurs on wages and work burden aspects. \n\nThe difficult to get suitable job, the women are forced to work in public sector to fulfill their \n\neconomy needs. With this condition, they decided to work although get low wage and \n\nunsuitable with their work. Suratiyah, et. all (1996: 19) states that the restrictiveness of women \n\nin education, experience and skill, work opportunity, and ideology factor bring the women to \n\nwork in low wage. The condition often brings the women to be marginalized and exploitated. \n\nThe condition is often undergone by the women laborers at Damai Jaya Lestari Company \n\nsince the low of their education level and quality. As a result, the wage of men laborers are \n\nhigher than women laborers. Other factor is the women laborers are not difficult to be ordered \n\nand they have high dependence to the men and company. Double burden of women who \n\nwork in both domestic and public sectors also brings them to be more marginalized.   \n\nBased on the result of interview found that there is difference between the wage for \n\nmen laborers and women laborers at Damai Jaya Lestari Company. The laborers who work \n\nand reach over the target get additional or intensive wage, except for the women workers. In \n\nother words, although the women work and reach over the target, they do not get additional \n\nor intensive wage. This is the real marginalization toward the women laborers. The women \n\nare viewed and supposed as marginal or not main worker. So, although getting the low wage, \n\nthey receive it. Commonly, they are forced to work because of family economy need demand.", "start_char_idx": 18171, "end_char_idx": 21340, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "83a59df6-d220-4d35-98bd-ba2f12aa179c": {"__data__": {"id_": "83a59df6-d220-4d35-98bd-ba2f12aa179c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7dcee36c151b55217726df8f7f23085e080271380ade61952ecfe2b3feb0d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d429cc8a-16b3-4920-97b0-92d1b49a0209", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "56baed9afd2e2453a3e07b42762229ba14d614704d8272f30e1c502865a06899", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "96c90e29-3095-4588-884e-aea1c0068e67", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3b10ea6747dc43a650d0c707e3f22f0297cedfea11eca8d8ea4e4e78930cbe6f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 15-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\nThe income of husband is not enough for their family needs. The costs of needs are \n\nincreasing, while the wage is not always increasing (Suratiyah, et. All., 1996: 16). \n\nThe women laborers also get marginalization in the aspects of health, reproduction, \n\nand work accident. The women laborers in Damai Jaya Lestari Company are not given \n\nassurance of health and work accident. The Company supposes that the reproduction health \n\nin the women laborers is something natural. Besides, the company was not responsible for \n\nwork accident since the accident is the careless action of the workers itself. Even, the \n\ncompany did not give care help or medicine to the workers who get accident work. The \n\nworkers have to finance all care and medicine costs by theirselves. In this case, the company \n\ndid not give assurance of health and work accident, mainly for women laborers. The company \n\ndid not give tolerance or compesation for women laborers who are being pregnant, \n\nmenstrubation, puerperal and feeding. They have to work to get salary. If they ask for leave, \n\nthe company did not give them salary and even the women laborers are not permitted more \n\nto work again in the company. \n\nBased on the illustration above, it can be stated that the company did not give \n\nassurance for health and work accident to the women laborers. It can be seen from there is \n\nnot leave right for women laborers who are being pregnant or menstrubation. While, based \n\non the Labor Rules on chapter 81 stated that \u201cthe women laborers who are getting \n\nmenstrubation and feel very pain can inform to the company, and they are not obligated to \n\nwork in the first and second days from their menstrubation. The attention to health and work \n\nsafe is very important and should be more prominent.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUUGESTIONS \n\nBased on the result of this study, some conclusions and suggestions can be drawn \n\nas follows. First, the economy factor brings the women to work in public sector as hard laborer \n\nbecause their education level is low. Second, the forms of marginalization of women laborers \n\nat Damai Jaya Lestari Company consists of unjustice of laborers recruitment, access of \n\nworking, closed control of company, low wages, no assurance of health and work accident, \n\nbad work tool and facility, and double burden of women laborers. Third,  it needs gender \n\nsocialization in order the women can keep and get their rights as good workers, so there is \n\nnot any marginalization of women. Fourth, it needs reward improvement for the workers who \n\ncan reach over the work target. Fifth, it needs the improvement of work contract. Sixth, \n\nsocialization of the importance of education and skill should be done. Last, it needs", "start_char_idx": 21345, "end_char_idx": 24366, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "96c90e29-3095-4588-884e-aea1c0068e67": {"__data__": {"id_": "96c90e29-3095-4588-884e-aea1c0068e67", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39592", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "7dcee36c151b55217726df8f7f23085e080271380ade61952ecfe2b3feb0d5fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "83a59df6-d220-4d35-98bd-ba2f12aa179c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "8c31daa939e02dd28f0918c62f2245094386a3050934a2f04852d8d7728aa112", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f3bc6df2-2fae-42aa-be75-042161ab0301", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4473383ffcdf96c343644abd869a3e53c81387730e40360dc1016a378898000f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 15-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nsocialization and training for workers concerning the health and work accident in order to \n\ncreate the save work environment, particularly for women laborers. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT  \n\nThe authors would like to thank to the Cultural Faculty of Halu Oleo University and \n\nDoctoral Program of Cultural Studies of Udayana University for giving permission and help in \n\nthis project, and all who contributed so much of their time and ideas for the improvement of \n\nthis paper. Remaining errors are all mine. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n \nBeoang, Konrad Kebung. 1997. Michel Foucault; Parrhesia Dan Persoalan Mengenai Etika. \n\nJakarta: Obor. \nFakih, Mansour. 1995. Menggeser Konsepsi Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: \n\nPustaka Pelajar. \nHaryatmoko. 2002. \u201cKekuasan  Melahirkan Anti Kekuasaan\u201d dalam Jurnal Basis No 01-02 \n\nTahun ke-51, Januari-Februari 2002. \nIstibsyaroh. 2004. Hak-Hak Perempuan: Relasi Gender Menurut Tafsir Al-Sya\u2019rawi. Bandung: \n\nTERAJU. \nKirk. J.. and M.L. Miller. 1986. Reliability and Valiability in Qualitative Research  (Vol. 1). \n\nBeverly Hills. SAGE Publication. \nMiles, Mathew B dan A Michael Huberman. 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif : Buku Sumber \n\nTentang Metode-Metode Baru. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press. \nNasution. 2007. Metode Penelitian Naturalistik Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Tarsito. \nNugroho, Riant. 2008. Gender dan Administrasi Publik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \nRatna, Kutha Nyoman. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian: Kajian Budaya Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial \n\nHunaiora Pada Umumnya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka pelajar. \nRitzer, George dan Douglas J. Goodman. 2011. Teori Sosiologi Modern. Jakarta: Kencana \n\nPrenada Media Group.    \n\nSuratiyah, Ken dkk. 1996. Dilema Wanita Antara Industri Rumah Tangga dan Aktivitas \nDomestik. Yogyakarta: Aditya Media. \n\nTong, Rosemarie Putnam. 2010. Feminist Thought (Pengantar Paling Komprehensif kepada \nArus Utama Pemikiran Feminis. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nWuisman, Jan J.J.M. 2013. Teori & Praktik: Memperoleh Kenyataan supaya Memperoleh \nMasa Depan. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Jakarta.", "start_char_idx": 24371, "end_char_idx": 26721, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f3bc6df2-2fae-42aa-be75-042161ab0301": {"__data__": {"id_": "f3bc6df2-2fae-42aa-be75-042161ab0301", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39593", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "fb1955711a1c83f620844140cdb8ac17fa02b7ff3b9dc0b1f657ae7b1d6fc64f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "96c90e29-3095-4588-884e-aea1c0068e67", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39592", "author": "Hafsah, Wa Ode Sitti; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wiasti, Ni Made; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN LABORERS AT OIL PALM INDUSTRY OF DAMAI JAYA LESTARI COMPANY IN WIWIRANO DISTRICT OF NORTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39592.pdf"}, "hash": "c5ef82895077640b7113458881d88627550d69c1b29affc1ba3b5c50864752aa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2e1e798f-9127-4625-843c-299bb2ec3f76", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e5d300c3cf2a375048e9a75a58703e84c1d36b27b86dae2498ebd97eafd00f8c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Bambang Parmadi 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 24-30   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\n \n \n\nTRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC \nIN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY \n\n \nBambang Parmadi, A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara \n\nA.A. Bagus Wirawan, I Gede Arya Sugiartha \nEmail: bepevanbencoeleen@gmail.com   \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nOriginally, Dol music was used as means of religious musicality to spread Moslem \nreligion in Bengkulu. As time goes by, through the process of acculturation and assimilation, \nDol music becomes a sacred musicality to accompany the ritual procession of Tabot, Sipai \ntribe (Tabot family) in Bengkulu city. Globalization and the interference of power bring the \nchange complexity of Dol musicality as Tabot ritual music in the socio-culture of Bengkulu \nsociety. The aim of this research is to understand and explain the occurrence of Dol music \ntransformation and its implication to the socio-cultural system in Bengkulu society. The \napproach implemented is cultural studies with qualitative analysis technique. It is applied \ncritical and popular culture theories to uncover the focus of the problem in this study.  \n\nThe result shows that Dol music undergoes musical transformation as Tabot ritual music \ninto a secular and profane music, resulting in the expansion of function and form. Therefore, \nDol music is legitimized into traditional music icon of Bengkulu, in a wider and freer scale, \nshifting the Tabot\u2019s popularity and sacred rituals as the \u201cHeritage of the World in The Trust\u201d \nof Bengkulu\u2019s folk art culture. This has implications for all socio-cultural joints of the people in \nBengkulu city, triggering a qualitative change in socio-cultural evolution to the form of \ndivergence. It means that Dol music was originally a sacred/ religious music tradition, \ndeveloped following the increasingly complex transformation as a mass culture in Bengkulu.   \n \nKeywords: Transformation, Dol music, implication, globalization, power relations   \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nThe transformation of Dol music as the sacred musicality of Tabot ritual into secular or \n\nprofane music is a phenomenon that needs to be revealed. Basically, Dol sacral music is \n\nused as a musical media in some of stages of Tabot ritual procession performed on 1 to 10 \n\nMuharram year of Hijjriah in Bengkulu city. The complex change of Dol musicality as the \n\nmusic of Tabot ritual makes it a new identity of performing arts with all its problems. Besides, \n\nthe creativity of artists exploiting, exploring, and performing co-modified Dol\u2019s music is freed \n\nto be expressed. On the other hand, this is supported by policy that issues the supporting \n\nrules of the activity that impersonate the preservation of traditional culture. It shows that the \n\ndynamics of globalization and power relations with all its practices have influenced the", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3123, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2e1e798f-9127-4625-843c-299bb2ec3f76": {"__data__": {"id_": "2e1e798f-9127-4625-843c-299bb2ec3f76", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39593", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "fb1955711a1c83f620844140cdb8ac17fa02b7ff3b9dc0b1f657ae7b1d6fc64f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f3bc6df2-2fae-42aa-be75-042161ab0301", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "bc04b0dfc675297cafd52d4bd95e706c15f26a061ad809462c3d709d7e0e69c8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9fa8363b-f7f0-487e-a4ba-bd5d694673c3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7621ba0484fe661fd67b92f8c90e44806653ae37082d054133f8cb9f88e98359", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 24-30   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\ntransformation of Dol music with complex issues, both socially and musically, which \n\napparently have implications for the socio-cultural system of the city and province of \n\nBengkulu.     \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThis study applied qualitative method with cultural studies approach. Researcher \n\nconducted in-depth interview of community leaders, customary figures, Tabot families and \n\nDol performers. Source of data was obtained from primary and secondary data. Primary data \n\nwere obtained through in-depth interviews guided by interview guidelines and developed \n\nduring the interview. Secondary data is used as supporting data of the primary data. \n\nThe data obtained in this study apply purposive technique which is collaborated with \n\nsnow ball technique based on certain criteria. The main instrument is the researcher himself \n\nand the supporting instruments are audio video recorder and block note. The techniques of \n\ncollecting the data are observation, interview, and document study techniques. The data \n\nanalysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The \n\ntechnique of presenting the analysis results is done by identifying, classifying, and connecting \n\ndata units from the field. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nAs Tabot ritual religious musicality, Dol music was initially used as means of spreading \n\nMoslem religion. Through the process of change, acculturation, and cultural assimilation, Dol \n\nbecame a ritual music instrument of Tabot family tradition in Bengkulu city. By tracking down \n\nthe ideological roots of Dol music in the Tabot ritual in Bengkulu, it is believed that Dol music \n\nwas originated from the immigrants of Madras-Bengali India and Punjab Pakistan. They were \n\ntechnicians and workers in Fort Marlborough fortress who were imported by the British East \n\nIndia Company (EIC) to Bengkulu in 1714. From the historical journey of Tabot ritual, Dol \n\nmusic was used as musical instrument of conveyor and to accompany several stages of the \n\nprocession in the Tabot ritual. \n\nThe sacred role and function of Dol music in Tabot ritual procession, is a necessity of \n\nsacrality by playing the grip of the binding tradition. Dol music performance is in form of \n\nprocession. Globalization brought Dol\u2019s musical shift as traditional music in rituals, socially \n\nand musically. The effect of this change is due to co-modification, power relations, and \n\npopular cultural creativity by putting aside the meaning of sacredness.", "start_char_idx": 3128, "end_char_idx": 5902, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9fa8363b-f7f0-487e-a4ba-bd5d694673c3": {"__data__": {"id_": "9fa8363b-f7f0-487e-a4ba-bd5d694673c3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39593", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "fb1955711a1c83f620844140cdb8ac17fa02b7ff3b9dc0b1f657ae7b1d6fc64f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2e1e798f-9127-4625-843c-299bb2ec3f76", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "d63f5cfee699126cb8f3785d1ef05a8b40e67a47ed287f6fc3cd90ca0f2d0024", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "878f2673-75a5-4c2e-b846-947f8a26e5ea", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7bfdc388c2b1e00b68c42d96e7c9e735f0cff7d5ee9ae41d66d45ca77e43609b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 24-30   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nBased on the above explanation, this research is focused on the problem occurring in \n\nthe Dol music transformation and its implications in Tabot ritual musicality on socio-cultural \n\nsystem of Bengkulu city society. \n\n \n\nOver time, the practice of transformation occurs on Dol musicality so that it changes into \n\nsecular or profane as an entity which is previously a part of a religious and spiritualistic ritual. \n\nThe influences of globalization and power relations on Dol music reach a complex \n\ndevelopment process in Bengkulu city. Globalization makes Dol music as a means of cultural \n\nindustry serving popular cultural products under the guise of local wisdom. In addition, it \n\nprovides creative opportunities for artists to explore and exploited Dol music into a medium \n\nof creativity in creating popular music. This is also supported by the interests of power \n\nrelations for the purpose of imaging, capitalist, tourism, and formal an non formal education. \n\nIn the observation of this research, globalization and power relations influence the occurrence \n\nof transformation, making Dol music packed into two forms; as sacred traditional music and \n\nas secular or profane music. Thus, Dol\u2019s music becomes a product of two-faced art and \n\nculture but it makes Dol music as a new local identity (local genius). It means that the \n\ndominance of Dol music legitimized into traditional music icon of Bengkulu, shifting the \n\npopularity and the sacred ritual Tabot as \u201cHeritage of The World in The Trust\u201d art of Bengkulu \n\npeople\u2019s folklore culture. This phenomenon stimulates the religious aesthetic change of Dol \n\nmusic towards the aesthetic socio-culture of Bengkulu society. In picture 1 and picture 2 \n\nbelow, there is difference between  Dol music as a means of Dharma Tabot Meradai ritual \n\nprocession and Dol music as a means of creativity in performing arts. \n\n \n\nPicture 1 Dol music accompanying the Dharma Tabot Meradai ritual (sacred) \nSource: Documentation of BP 2013 \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 24-30   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\n \n\nPicture 2 Dol music as a performance (profane) \nSource: Documentation of BP 2016 \n\n       \n\nThe discussion of the basic elements of the implications of Dol\u2019s musical change in the \n\nsocio-cultural system (superstructure, structure, and infrastructure) as an analytical scheme \n\nin this section including; (1) the superstructure aspect of Dol music has a strong implication \n\non the ideology of identity and religious values, causing some responses from religious and \n\ncustomary figures as well as Tabot families itself. This phenomenon turns Dol into secular or \n\nprofane music prioritizing the ideology of goals and selling points as popular culture, the \n\nimplication of the desacralization of Dol music. \n\n(2) Structural aspects have implications for the occurrence of the social scale extension \n\nin which Dol music was originally possessed and is the responsibility of the Tabot family, but \n\nnowadays anyone can have it and perform it, musically and socially. This opens the possibility \n\nof interference of other individuals or the power of government and institutions, thus it makes \n\nthe customary boundaries set in the Tabot family to be false and ambiguous. Practices of \n\npower relations and popular culture also have implications to Dol music material in education \n\nin Bengkulu city as a subject matter of local arts. The implication is, (a) the rampant \n\nperformance of Dol music performed by the students at school, (b) the school and the related \n\ngovernment make a container and accommodate the creativity in learning art or cultural art \n\nas means of inheritance and tourism, (c) materials of Dol music learning is more to a form \n\nwhich has been changed or modified than its traditional form, (d) the emergence of conflict \n\nbetween the school/ government and the parents/ guardians of the students on the curriculum \n\npolicy related to the art performances policy, (e) the conflict between then school and the", "start_char_idx": 5907, "end_char_idx": 10424, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "878f2673-75a5-4c2e-b846-947f8a26e5ea": {"__data__": {"id_": "878f2673-75a5-4c2e-b846-947f8a26e5ea", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39593", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "fb1955711a1c83f620844140cdb8ac17fa02b7ff3b9dc0b1f657ae7b1d6fc64f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9fa8363b-f7f0-487e-a4ba-bd5d694673c3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "0a31f5289b0ca6eab4214146e9a75209b6b5b9c82c3c71907f05fe765fcdb3b1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "86ee640c-9a1a-45f2-a04a-5a4e1d88800b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9c7dc70f776c898239fa4944cd2569c78ff09f26067070bfa28808703f6961c1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 24-30   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\ngovernment about giving help to schools in form of a set of Dol ensemble musical instrument \n\nthat is not on target. \n\n(3) Aspects of economic infrastructure make Dol music as a means of entertaining, \n\ntourism promotion, and main orientation is creativity as local identity to the world to produce \n\nfinancial selling power (welfare of life). The main implication on the economic infrastructure \n\naspect is the development of tourism and social welfare in the socio-cultural community in \n\nBengkulu. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nThe transformation of Dol music in Bengkulu city is caused by globalization and power \n\nrelations. The influence of globalization makes Dol music as a cultural industry media \n\ndesigned to produce commodity products worth the local wisdom. Related to this, the practice \n\nof power relations makes Dol music as a destination of tourism promotion and for purpose of \n\nimaging. Besides, the artists\u2019 creativity contributes to the dynamics of change by producing \n\nworks of popular cultural products derived from Dol music. The phenomenon of this power \n\npractice does not only occur in tourism sector and the purpose of interest, but also in the field \n\nof education. \n\nThe influence of globalization and power relations on Dol music as a trigger for the \n\nimplications on socio-cultural system, on: (1) aspects of ideological and religious \n\nsuperstructure, making the Dol music secular or profane as a new art identity and resulting in \n\ndesacralization of  the arts; (2) structural aspect, the occurrence of social scale expansion \n\nand application of Dol music material in regional arts curriculum in the dimension of formal \n\neducation; (3) aspects of economic infrastructure, results in the development of tourism and \n\nsocial welfare of most people of Bengkulu city. This led to a qualitative change in the socio-\n\ncultural evolution that led to the form of divergence, when Dol which was originally a sacred/ \n\nreligious music tradition, growing increasingly complex as a medium of the importance for \n\nmass culture purposes and products. \n\nThrough this research, it is suggested that the government together with the Tabot \n\nfigures, community and religious leaders, artists, and intellectuals should be able to have \n\ndiscussion together to formulate sustainable strategy program of Dol music as a more-\n\norganized sacred music as well as secular or profane music, so that it would not be false \n\nbased on the ideology of local identity, and not too wild and free in its creativity development.", "start_char_idx": 10429, "end_char_idx": 13259, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "86ee640c-9a1a-45f2-a04a-5a4e1d88800b": {"__data__": {"id_": "86ee640c-9a1a-45f2-a04a-5a4e1d88800b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39593", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "fb1955711a1c83f620844140cdb8ac17fa02b7ff3b9dc0b1f657ae7b1d6fc64f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "878f2673-75a5-4c2e-b846-947f8a26e5ea", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "560ff2a251578e90fee41ebedb9b43944fc3b2ce77eb8086dfef7797cccea812", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a24cb4b0-2c57-4290-8f71-1bdf4e7d4d0a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "443c1ae4940ac8c34ebebca8ac57a131687ce84638a1668132e4273ac74836bb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 24-30   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nACKNOWLEDGMENT \n\nOn this occasion, the authors would like to thank the honorable Prof. Dr. A. A. Ngurah \n\nAnom Kumbara, M.A. as the promoter, Prof. Dr. A. A. Bagus Wirawan, S.U. as the first co-\n\npromoter, and Prof. Dr. I Gede Arya Sugiartha, S.S.Kar., M.Hum. as the second co-promoter \n\nwho has been willing to guide the authors in completing this research. To the manager of E-\n\nJournal of Cultural Studies, Udayana University, the authors express their gratitude for the \n\nwillingness in publishing this article in the journal of Cultural Studies, Udayana University. \n\nGratefulness is also conveyed to the Rector of Udayana University, the Dean of the Faculty \n\nof Arts Udayana University, as well as the Coordinator of Doctoral Program in Cultural \n\nStudies, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nAmmer, Christine. 1973. Harper\u2019s Dictionary of Music. New York, Hegerstown, San Francisco, \nLondon: Barnes & Noble Books. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: PT Bentang Pustaka. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 2015. Arena Produksi Kultural: Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi Budaya \n(terjemahan). Bantul, Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nBungin, Burhan (ed), 2008. MetoDologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta : Raja Grafindo Persada \n\nFoucault, Michel. 2002. Power/Knowledge. Wacana Kuasa/Pengetahuan. Yogyakarta: \nBentang Budaya. \n\nGiddens, Anthony. 2003. Masyarakat Post-Tradisional. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD. \n\nMack, Dieter, 2001. Pendidikan Musik Antara Harapan dan Realis. Bandung: UPI / MSPI. \n\nMarsden, F.R.S. William. 2016. Sejarah Sumatera \u201cThe History of Sumatera\u201d. Yogyakarta: \nInDoliterasi. \n\nMerriam, Alan P. 1980. The Anthropology of Music. Evanston , Illinois: Northwestern \nUniversity  Press. \n\nNettl, Bruno and Philip V. Bohlman. 1991. Comparative Musicology and Antrophology of \nMusic. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. \n\nSanderson, Stephen K. 2011. Makrososiologi. Jakarta : Raja Grafindo Persada \n\nStrinati, Dominic. 2007. Popular Cultural: Pengantar Menuju Budaya Populer (terjemahan). \nYogyakarta: Penerbit Jejak. \n\nStorey, John. 2004. Teori Budaya dan Budaya Pop: Memetakan Lanskap Konseptual Cultural \nStudies (terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Cv. Qalam.", "start_char_idx": 13267, "end_char_idx": 15773, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a24cb4b0-2c57-4290-8f71-1bdf4e7d4d0a": {"__data__": {"id_": "a24cb4b0-2c57-4290-8f71-1bdf4e7d4d0a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39593", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "fb1955711a1c83f620844140cdb8ac17fa02b7ff3b9dc0b1f657ae7b1d6fc64f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "86ee640c-9a1a-45f2-a04a-5a4e1d88800b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "f6310128af18b730345a5d2177efde91ecb60a45fce896f01092f7b4615b74cb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5a1eb460-8aec-4cc8-9f03-c9bd73e41016", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5f50a583a31d3e561478d2a75be2ae11f94ddc9d3d0659d2be79268acec50c40", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 24-30   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\n__________. 2010. Cultural Studies dan Kajian Budaya Pop. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nSupanggah, Rahayu (ed). 1995. Etnomusikologi. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Bentang Budaya. \n\nWaesberghe, F.H Smits van. 2016. Estetika Musik. Yogyakarta: Thafa Media \n\nZacky, Antony. 2003. Menguak Tabir Misteri Tabot Lewat Naskah Kuno. Bengkulu: PT \nRakyat Bengkulu.", "start_char_idx": 15778, "end_char_idx": 16413, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5a1eb460-8aec-4cc8-9f03-c9bd73e41016": {"__data__": {"id_": "5a1eb460-8aec-4cc8-9f03-c9bd73e41016", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "39b4e1859771f97d30bc4ec45b1b44e05bf1c633ac19133914915a1547f4cc08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a24cb4b0-2c57-4290-8f71-1bdf4e7d4d0a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39593", "author": "Parmadi, Bambang; Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sugiartha, I Gede Arya", "title": " TRANSFORMATION OF DOL MUSIC IN THE MUSICALITY OF TABOT RITUAL, BENGKULU CITY", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39593.pdf"}, "hash": "8c1f8e4a893130a9407ea83ac35e0b4b5dd4ed0b5895648779a10a63a72da77b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "20149393-118c-44a8-a928-74ef11cce03b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "aae59ea90a3da348dc50d06d3bba43a7ef8decbabbe720b7ff2fafef7c4cf0d0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Barhmana 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                              May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 31-37 \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\nCHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS \nPROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE \n\nBrahmana Rendra Vayoga1, Suyanto2, Slamet Subiyantoro3 \n\n123Department of the Post Graduate Art Education  \nSebelas Maret University, Indonesia \n\n \nemail: brahmana_rendra@yahoo.co.id \n\n \n \n\n  \n \n\nAbstract \n\nThe purpose of this study are: (1) To understand the character of Gatotkaca characters in \nwayang kulit Surakarta style. (2) To investigate the symbolic meaning of Gatotkaca fashion \nclothing in Surakarta style puppetry. This study uses qualitative descriptive to present the \nexisting data in the field by way of describing and interpreting. Technique of collecting data is \ndone by interview and direct observation. The results of this study are: (1) Gatotkaca figure \nrepresents a humble character, and he has a high spirit of nationalism, (2) Gatotkaca has \ndress properties such as of Caping Basunanda, Kotang Antra Kusuma, and Trompah \nPadakacarma, which represent as the key values in character education. Gatotkaca\u2019s \npersonal characteristics and his dress property have a deep meaning and values that can be \nprecious for character education.  \n\nKeywords: Gatotkaca, puppet, character education. \n \n\n \n\nIntroduction \n\nCharacter education is a burst in education to involve the development of characters \n\nin the educational process. \"Character education is an effort to help the development of the \n\nsoul of chidren for both mentally and physically, the nature of the covetousness towards a \n\nbetter human civilization\"[1]. The condition of the Indonesia young generations experiencing \n\na decline both at the level of secondary students, college students and communities. It can \n\nbe seen from the rise of student\u2019s committed violence\u2019s among themselves and even towards \n\ncommunities. The deterioration of good characters also occurs in higher level especially in", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2257, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "20149393-118c-44a8-a928-74ef11cce03b": {"__data__": {"id_": "20149393-118c-44a8-a928-74ef11cce03b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "39b4e1859771f97d30bc4ec45b1b44e05bf1c633ac19133914915a1547f4cc08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5a1eb460-8aec-4cc8-9f03-c9bd73e41016", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "e4224ccf6d06cfb8aa898852360865e1f6cddbad84b803dfb38e5ee3c45f8674", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "08146e7c-f1cc-451c-952b-a72688ce2c35", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a07ceb4feec59275ce1308e3c73aa5ea9ce94b9690108ac2928617ea29476ef7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                              May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 31-37 \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\nthe scope of government such as a wide range of corruption cases. The downgrade of the \n\ncharacter is a result of globalization. \n\nCharacter education is one solution to change the character of the nation to develop \n\na better virtuous generation through education. Character education can be given through a \n\nvariety of ways, one of them is through culture. Considering Indonesia has a rich cultural arts. \n\nExplains that in order to realize a society that possesses the values of the nation's character, \n\nit is necessary to have a cultural strategy that concerns for its society and its culture [2]. One \n\nof the cultural heritage of the nation that is still in vogue is the art of puppet show. \n\nIn terms of its contents, puppet show embodied the teachings to humanity. Both \n\nhuman being as individual and as members of society. According to the storyline in the puppet \n\nimplies a puppet show structure, which is also a symbol of the journey or dynamics of human \n\nlife [2]. Through puppet shows, people can learn about life. In the puppet show it can be said \n\nthat every figure of a puppet character is a picture or symbol of human life. According to \n\nSolichin in the puppet perform both good and bad aspects which are displayed in the form of \n\nsymbols of wayang characters with distinctive characteristics [3]. Therefore, many figures in \n\npuppet show can be viewed as role models in everyday life. \n\nOne of them is a knight from Pringgandani named Raden Gatotkaca. Gatotkaca is a \n\ndecent figure as a good role model that can be used in character education which is contained \n\nin the story \u201cGatotkaca Gugur\u201d. In for the glory of the Pandavas who fought Kurawa, \n\nGatotkaca died defending justice and truth as a hero [4]. Based on the above description \n\nshows that through figures Gatotkaca can be used as learning values in character education. \n\n \n\nMethod \n\nThis study uses descriptive qualitative which object to reveal the existing data in the \n\nfield by describing and interpreting data coection. It empoyed hermeneutical method and \n\nsemiotic approach. Source of data obtained from Ki Manteb Soedharsono, Bambang \n\nSuwarno and Ki Purbo Asmoro who are experts in the field of puppetry especially in Surakarta \n\nstyle. Data analysis techniques using interactive analysis model with the stages of data \n\ncollection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification repeatedly. \n\n \n\nResult \n\nGatotkaca is the son of Bima or Werkudara with Arimbi from Pringgandani. According \n\nto the India version, Gatotkaca has ugly face and a tangible giant because his mother is the", "start_char_idx": 2262, "end_char_idx": 5144, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "08146e7c-f1cc-451c-952b-a72688ce2c35": {"__data__": {"id_": "08146e7c-f1cc-451c-952b-a72688ce2c35", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "39b4e1859771f97d30bc4ec45b1b44e05bf1c633ac19133914915a1547f4cc08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "20149393-118c-44a8-a928-74ef11cce03b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "7b201f68558dadc62d2eedde8b2671e0a51bb91e56f290b67ce8b31f98586f31", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "af78c7a1-31d9-41bb-9542-2c4ef4247c92", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e1863af3c76437ab0d10b9e5111fdfeab14d16ef7f1c6f77503f9b4a68fc54ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                              May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 31-37 \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\ngoddess Arimbi is a \u201crakseksi\u201d, which is likened to his mother giant then his son is also a \n\ngiant. This is what distinguishes the story of the puppet of India and Indonesia version. \n\nGatotkaca when he was a child named Jabang Tetuka, when he must fight with a \n\ngiant, Tekuka was very strong accepting hit or blow. At that time, God knows the power \n\nTetuka, then as the decision of the gods, Jabang Tetuka forced into the crater Candradimuka \n\nand Gods throw so many Gods\u2019 weapons and he became very big. Therefore, Jabang Tetuka \n\ngiven the name Gatotkaca, Gatotkaca in the sense of herd-Gods\u2019 weapons gathering into one \n\nor in the puppets mentioned \u201ckumpule lelandep sing nyawiji\u201d in the body of Gatotkaca that \n\nmakes his big body. This is what causes Gatotkaca to be magic or called otot kawat balung \n\nwesi so it can beat the Sakipu and its king named Kalapracona. \n\nGatotkaca grows out of a normal human being and he is veri big just ik a giant because \n\nof the forging of the gods, it can be said that the growth of Gatotkaca was the creation of the \n\ngods to confront Sakipu and  Kalapracona. It also makes Gatotkaca died in young age in the \n\nbattlefield. The fall of Gatotkaca is called as \u2018the dead of senapati\u2019, because he death for the \n\ntruth and justice and also petrified his parents to be victorious in the war of Bharatayudha.  \n\nGatotkaca is a humble character, who has a high nationalism spirit. Gatotkaca is \n\ninvisible but not arrogant, that's the positive side that can be taken from Gatotkaca. \n\nGatotkaca's power is only to eradicate viciousness even though his life is at stake. Please \n\nnote that in using a such power, Gatotkaca always uses it heartly within pure and sincere \n\nactions. The power is also to protect and nurture the weakness of his people. \n\nThere is also a dress worn by leather puppet figures not only to cover body or \n\ndecoration, but the clothing is also as a marker or status played by each character in the \n\nshadow puppets. It can be said that fashion is also very influential in every character of \n\nshadow puppets. There is also a clothing that is not visible, one of the characters who wear \n\nit is Gatotkaca. Gatotkaca is wearing a magic dress, the properties are gifts from the gods in \n\nthe form of Caping Basunanda, Kotang Antra Kusuma, and Trompah Padakacarma. His skin \n\ninside and out of his muscle and meat in puppetry languange is usually pronounced \u201csak \n\nnjabane kulit sak njerone daging\u201d. \n\nCaping Basunanda lies in the head, its supernatural power is when it is under sun\u2019s \n\nheat so he will not feel hot and when it rains he will not be wet. As in the following figure", "start_char_idx": 5149, "end_char_idx": 8085, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "af78c7a1-31d9-41bb-9542-2c4ef4247c92": {"__data__": {"id_": "af78c7a1-31d9-41bb-9542-2c4ef4247c92", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "39b4e1859771f97d30bc4ec45b1b44e05bf1c633ac19133914915a1547f4cc08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "08146e7c-f1cc-451c-952b-a72688ce2c35", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "6de98884cb373b1b6eb1236c36c83cd1b3eec80032abe53870907700f086ab5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "eba264bb-d38e-4103-bccd-4e64a287ef48", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c3ca91dc7fee175aaf2b3a903f96056ce6a61d7e38e05c39d65309105221a039", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                              May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 31-37 \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 1.1 Caping Basunanda  \n\n \n\nKotang Antra Kusuma is located on the chest, its power is able to fly as fast as \n\nlightning, in the puppetry also mentioned that Gatotkaca he can fly  without wings and dash \n\nwithout power and can be bright like an array. As identified in the following picture: \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 2 Kotang Antra Kusuma \n\n \n\nOn both legs there is also Terompah Padakacarma reputedly according to the story \n\nin the puppetry, Terompah Padakacarma is the bones of Antaboga, the god of snakes. Its \n\nsupernatural qualities will be save if it passes through holy or sacred places. As in the \n\nfollowing picture: \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 3 Terompah Padakacarma \n\n \n\nDiscussion \n\nCharacter of Gatotkaca Characters in Surakarta Style Puppetry \n\nIn the story of puppetry Gatotkaca is a powerful and humble figure, who has high spirit \n\nof nationalism. Gatotkaca is a patriot [5], he is so obedient to the kingdom, the family, and to \n\nthe truth he holds. Please note that in using such power, it is used to protect his people.", "start_char_idx": 8099, "end_char_idx": 9446, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "eba264bb-d38e-4103-bccd-4e64a287ef48": {"__data__": {"id_": "eba264bb-d38e-4103-bccd-4e64a287ef48", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "39b4e1859771f97d30bc4ec45b1b44e05bf1c633ac19133914915a1547f4cc08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "af78c7a1-31d9-41bb-9542-2c4ef4247c92", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "b63aab94e2640903d2012c334b0423544da61600455ad524175c9e5ba0668528", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "370cde29-db61-4eb2-b76e-e7749a29ed02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3c674f65cd30295c4b0ee24758dbaebec13015d147523eb5b21eb1e8938a2d9c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                              May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 31-37 \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n35 \n \n\nIt is also seen during the war of the Baratayudha, Gatotkaca was formulating war \n\nstrategy in the air. His power in war is his ability to uproot the enemy's neck, but this is only \n\ndone, if the circumstances are urgent [6]. His attack also made the troops from Kurawa and \n\nAdipati Karna depressed. Realize his end is near [7], Gatotkaca still had time to think how to \n\nkill Kurawa troops in large numbers. It appears that Gatotkaca is a formidable warrior in \n\nwarfare. \n\nGatotkaca is also a young warrior who has a great responsibility in maintaining the \n\nsecurity and tranquility of the world. When he had just graduated, had led air operations \n\nagainst the giants Sakipu and Prabu Kala Pracona [8]. This task is the first for Gatotkaca to \n\nquell crime. So it is not surprising if the gods give this heavy task to Gatotkaca, because \n\nGatotkaca can complete the mission well. \n\n \n\nSymbolic Meaning of Gatotkaca\u2019s Dress Properties in Surakarta Puppetry Style \n\nCaping Basunanda has deep meaning that by thinking and exporing human being can \n\nreach the highest spiritual peak so as to be united with the Divine. Because through this \n\nthought humans can find a philosophy of life that is also identified as a way and view of life. \n\nIn other words, life experiences and worldviews are linked by the mind and way of thinking \n\nand that interpretation determines the order of life [9]. So it can be said that the view of human \n\nlife is the result of thought and interpretation based on the thorough experiences. \n\nKotang Antra Kusuma is located on the Gatotkaca\u2019s chest, it makes Gatotkaca can fly \n\nas fast as lightning or in term of puppet show it can be named \u201cmabur tanpa lar lan melethik \n\ntanpa sotang\u201d. The supernatural powers of this Kotang Antra Kusuma can light up like in the \n\ndarkness. This is a symbol of human attitudes or characters associated with feelings that are \n\nalso covered in the affective domain. Feelings are the sensitivity in the human being to the \n\nsymptoms that arise from an event. In this sense sense is as a tool or means of perception \n\nor function of the whisper of heart or intuition [10]. Therefore every human being has a degree \n\nof sensitivity to the events that are present inside him or his surroundings. For Javanese \n\ncuture, the color and the concrete dimension of one's sense depends on the way of life, the \n\nlevel of education, and the orientation of the people's own mystical life [11]. \n\nTerompah Padakacarma lies on both Gatotkaca\u2019s legs, Terompah Padakacarma is \n\nthe skin of Antaboga, the god of snakes. Its supernatural power is Gatotkaca wi be safe \n\nwherever he passes through holy or sacred place. It is a symbol that describes the ability to \n\nact, so it is also included in the psychomotor capabiities. It can be said that the psychomotor", "start_char_idx": 9451, "end_char_idx": 12551, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "370cde29-db61-4eb2-b76e-e7749a29ed02": {"__data__": {"id_": "370cde29-db61-4eb2-b76e-e7749a29ed02", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "39b4e1859771f97d30bc4ec45b1b44e05bf1c633ac19133914915a1547f4cc08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "eba264bb-d38e-4103-bccd-4e64a287ef48", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "3b084b72ca51ca65063b1c6cc7d17246d1d0b888bbecb998a13b4ffdb3d013d5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "711add62-a43b-42c1-b16a-3426d024e357", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0497b316cfee2d5e28526bd27e5b52038c46fcba734e21d4402701cce6f9e27c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                              May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 31-37 \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n36 \n \n\nis a reflection of the behavior of meaningful results from the cognitive and affective spheres. \n\nThis can be done gradually and interconnected between the knowledge of values of behavior \n\nwith a strong attitude or emotion to implement it for God, himself, his fellows, environment, \n\nand nation [12]. This is what will form a virtuous noble characters of human beings. \n\n \n\nConclusions \n\nGatotkaca figure is a humbe warrior. In using his supernatural powers, Gatotkaca \n\nuses it wisely. His power is also used to protect his people. Gatotkaca is also a formidable \n\nwarrior in battle and he is ready to die for truth and justice as his major believes. \n\nCaping Basunanda highly reflects on the way of thinking or also called the cognitive \n\naspect. It can be said that in cognitive oriented on intellectual and creativity. Kotang Antra \n\nKusuma located on the inside of the chest, is a symbol that refers to affective-related feelings. \n\nIn this case, it is very influential in character or personality. This affective aspect includes \n\nbehavioral attitudes in worship, which are related to religious attitudes. Terompah \n\nPadakacarma also deals with psychomotor which can also be related to skill and action. So \n\nit can be said that psychomotor is the output of cognitive and effective aspects which is as \n\nmajor purposes in our life. \n\n \n\nAcknowledgments \n\nI would like to give a respectful appreciate for Ki Manteb Soedharsono, Bambang \n\nSuwarno and Ki Purbo Asmoro who are experts in the field of puppetry especially in Surakarta \n\nstyle who give me a legal permission and participate very well in order to conduct this \n\nresearch. \n\n \n\nReferences \n\nMulyasa. 2012. Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter. Jakarta : PT Bumi Aksara. \n\nSutiyono. 2014. Seni Pedalangan Sebagai Media Pengembangan Pembudayaan Nilai-Nilai \nPedidikan Karakter Bangsa. Jurnal Jantra : Sejarah dan Budaya, Vol 9 (1), 161-171. \n\nSolichin, Suyanto, Setiawan, A., Zuriah, N., Nurrochsyam, M. W. 2011. Pendidikan Budi \nPekerti Dalam Pertunjukan Wayang. Surakarta : (Kerjasama Badan Pengembangan \nSumberdaya, Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif), Senawangi, ISI Surakarta dan \nTotal E & P Indonesia.", "start_char_idx": 12556, "end_char_idx": 15024, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "711add62-a43b-42c1-b16a-3426d024e357": {"__data__": {"id_": "711add62-a43b-42c1-b16a-3426d024e357", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-39594", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "39b4e1859771f97d30bc4ec45b1b44e05bf1c633ac19133914915a1547f4cc08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "370cde29-db61-4eb2-b76e-e7749a29ed02", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "06cf16a31cdc26fb72d524c791ca724c12972fe6926f4e1bd29a3aa73a677e6a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f9222614-d939-4494-b57c-87013be50639", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f36cbdc44a0c564259400ebaad1943d4e419fbd0cbccf028cb45447a44f402c1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                              May 2018 Vol. 11, Number 2, Page 31-37 \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n37 \n \n\nSuwandono, dkk. 1991. Ensiklopedi Wayang Purwa I (Compendium). Jakarta: Direktorat \nPembinaan Kesenian DIT. JEN Kebudayaan Departemen P & K. \n\nNanda MH. 2010. Ensiklopedi Wayang. Yogyakarta: Absolut. \n\nWidyawati, R Wiwien. 2009. Ensiklopedi Wayang. Yogyakarta : Pura Pustaka. \n\nKapalaye, Ageng. 2010. Kamus Pintar Wayang. Yogyakarta : Laksana. \n\nMulyono, Sri. 1978. Wayang dan Karakter manusia. Jakarta : PT Gunung Agung. \n\nMulder, Niels. 1986. Kepribadian Jawa dan Pembangunan Nasional. Yogyakarta: Gadjah \nMada University Press. \n\nSolichin. 2011. Falsafah Wayang Intangible Heritage Of Humanity. Jakarta : Senawangi. \n\nKholik, Abdul. 2017. Psikoterapi Jawa Pendekatan Kawruh Jiwa Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. \nYogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.  \n\nAsmani, Jamal Ma\u2019mur. 2012. Buku Panduan Internalisasi Pendidikan Karakter Di Sekolah. \nYogyakarta : Diva Press.", "start_char_idx": 15029, "end_char_idx": 16175, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f9222614-d939-4494-b57c-87013be50639": {"__data__": {"id_": "f9222614-d939-4494-b57c-87013be50639", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40615", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "9398d4f233d45fb6432251c113a296a5975feb88c34d7ca7389b0adf3d26b68d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "711add62-a43b-42c1-b16a-3426d024e357", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-39594", "author": "Vayoga, Brahmana Rendra; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2018-05-01", "file": "ecs-39594.pdf"}, "hash": "5da8d8ed5a68ac25b95a117088133def0e44ae69503b57bdae3db5a51032e521", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "53a69591-6bd8-4a3d-8a1c-c22c9bac8e71", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "595b8b7112f68276db14e0acf38183be716164cde3aba6562b8aa10e75f16eab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Hardiman 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 1-7   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \n \n\nPATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE \nCONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS \n\n \n\nHardiman1,  I Nyoman Darma Putra2, Nengah Bawa Atmadja3, I Gede Mudana4 \n1Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha \n\n2Department of Cultural Studies, Universitas Udayana  \n3Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha \n\n4Department of Tourism, Politeknik Negeri Bali \n Email: 1hardiman@undiksha.ac.id, 2idarmaputra@yahoo.com,   \n\n3bawa.atmadja@undiksha.ac.id, 4gedemudana@pnb.ac.id  \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nHuman problems are faced faced by Indonesian contemporary visual artists. \nHowever, the most typical are the problems faced by contemporary women visual artists, \nincluding those faced by Balinese contemporary women visual artists. Other than social \nproblems, their personal problems also arise as women visual artists amidst patriarchal \ncultural construction. Balinese contemporary women visual artists, like Indonesian \ncontemporary visual artists, are facing social problems and their personal problems as \nwomen. But, Balinese contemporary women visual artists also face very strong patriarchal \n(purusa) cultural ideology. This study aimed at revealing and describing the form of the \nsubject matter of woman\u2019s body as an expression of opposition in the works of visual art of \nthe Balinese contemporary women visual artists; revealing and describing ideologies that \noperate behind the sexual representation of the Balinese contemporary women visual artists  \nand revealing and describing the contestation of meaning in the ideological sexual \nrepresentation of Balinese contemporary women visual artists. This study using interpretive \nqualitative method produced, first, works of Balinese contemporary women artists which have \ntraditional visual elements comprising contour, repetition, rythm, dialect.  \n\nThe works of Balinese contemporary women visual artists also have modern visual \nelements comprising spatial awareness,distortion, stylization, material character, unity, and \npersonal identity. In addition, the works of Balinese contemporary women artists also have \npost-modern visual elements of trans-aesthetics, dialogism, and disorder. Secondly, the \nideologies that operate behind the works of Balinese contemporary visual artists can be \nclassified into three ideologies based on the forms and contents of the works of art. The \nideologies are patriarchal ideology that is related to the theme of superiority,phallus symbol, \nand weak group; feminism ideology that is related to the theme of subordination, equality, \nand subjectivity construction, and aesthetical ideology concerning with style, which is related \nto the classification of styles based on time, place, form, technique, and subjject matter. Third, \nmeanings which can be developed from Balinese contemporary women visual artists are the \nmeaning of domestic body and the meaning of open body in the sexual representation of \nBalinese contemporary women artists. The meaning of domestic body is found in the works \nof Cok Mas Asiti, Ni Nyoman Sani, and Sutrisni. Sani while the meaning of open body in the \nworks of IGK Murniasih and Nia Kurniati Andika. \n\n \nKeywords: ideology, patriarchy, women visual artists.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3596, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "53a69591-6bd8-4a3d-8a1c-c22c9bac8e71": {"__data__": {"id_": "53a69591-6bd8-4a3d-8a1c-c22c9bac8e71", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40615", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "9398d4f233d45fb6432251c113a296a5975feb88c34d7ca7389b0adf3d26b68d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f9222614-d939-4494-b57c-87013be50639", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "eab0d0671e96e76dec2045feedaf7bb9e4b3f0c1ee9b2f2543111a1918014596", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "29ae946a-13e6-43f7-914e-63b33c94b842", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "899537eedc213e100f254c34f692d429732110931a285e94a4476d866416cb20", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 1-7   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nArt, including visual art, will become too simple if it is only seen as from the \n\naesthetical aspect or merely beauty. Art that deals with beauty perse is a category which, in \n\ntoday\u2019s perspective, is not only out of date, but it also does not give any contribution to socio-\n\ncultural life. Art alone with beauty perse is only useful to the art itself. Although it is not wrong, \n\nthis era demands something different. Contemporary art is art that cannot be fully understood \n\nwithout placing it in the whole frame of society and culture (Yuliman, 2001; Saidi, 2008). \n\nThe ideologies that operate behind the works of art of Balinese contemporary visual \n\nartists can be classified into three ideologies based on form and content: (1) patriarchal \n\nideology that is concerned with the theme of superiority, phallus symbol, and weak group; (2) \n\nfeminism ideology that is concerned with the theme of subordination, equality , and subjective \n\nconstruction; and (3) aesthetic ideology of style that can be divided on the basis of time, place, \n\nform, technique, and subject matter. \n\nThe presence of Balinese contemporary wowen artists has come to be known by \n\nvisual art public since 2000\u2019s. Discussions of their works, both in research and mass media \n\nart criticism, focus just on the analysis of their formal aspect. In that way, the results of the \n\nanalysis only tell about visual and aesthetic elements, other things outside these are almost \n\nnever been discussed. This article discusses about patriarchal ideology that works behind \n\nBalinese contemporary women artists. It is expected that this article can contribute to the \n\npossibility of interpreting Balinese contemporary visual artists.  \n\nThe benefits that will be obtained from the discourse in this article is the gaining of \n\nunderstanding about the meanings revealed from the works of Balinese contemporary visual \n\nartists.  \n\n \n\nMETHODS  \n\nThis study was done in Balinese social and cultural environment, especially in the \n\nplaces where the Balinese women artists live: Gianyar, Denpasar, and Singaraja and also \n\nmusea, galleries and the houses of Balinese collectors and collectors outside Bali. \n\nThis qualitative study used cultural studies approach based on the view that an \n\ninterdisciplinary investigation or post-disciplinary investigation that investigates production \n\nand investment of maps of meaning, discursive formation, or regulated ways of speaking, \n\nwhich focuses on power issues in human life signifying practices (Barker, 2005).", "start_char_idx": 3601, "end_char_idx": 6440, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "29ae946a-13e6-43f7-914e-63b33c94b842": {"__data__": {"id_": "29ae946a-13e6-43f7-914e-63b33c94b842", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40615", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "9398d4f233d45fb6432251c113a296a5975feb88c34d7ca7389b0adf3d26b68d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "53a69591-6bd8-4a3d-8a1c-c22c9bac8e71", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "2a6c841367fd4d48a14e4e7afd561c93a62507a3315127592f56f139586e8f0e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "04fb2211-1936-4531-8460-ef61007b341d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ac0f7bf0af2681248c368d5a3c0670d2a7f30fbe9410b72ecb84f891179e5d56", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 1-7   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nThere were 83 visual art works that were studied: 11 Astiti\u2019s works, 25 Murniasih\u2019s \n\nworks, 9 Nia\u2019s works, 15 Sani\u2019s works, and 19 Sutrini\u2019s works. Other than visual art works, \n\nthe data also consisted of visual artists\u2019 bibliographies, notes or discussions from art \n\njournalists, art observers, and art academicians about the works of Balinese contemporary \n\nwomen visual artists. \n\nPrimary data source, that is, in the form of works of visual art, settings, studios, and \n\ndomestic environments, galleries, and concepts or motivation of creation, creation processes, \n\nand the creators\u2019 biographies. Secondary source in the form of comments, notes from art \n\njournalists, art/ culture observers, and art theoretists/academicians about works of art that \n\nwere studied and the visual artists\u2019 bibliographies. The data were analyzed using visual \n\nsemiotic theory, feminism ideology, and psychoanalysis done using critical interpretive \n\nanalysis. In this case, various activities were conducted such as studying the data intensively, \n\ncategorizing, arranging tthe data and interpreting the data. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\nThe patriarchal ideology in Bali refers to the social system that openly shows the \n\ndominance of men over women systematically and continuously and is socialized in various \n\nsocial institutions. The most concrete example for this explanation is a family which is led by \n\na man. Men are regarded to have a higher social hierarchy than or superior to women (Putra, \n\n2003). Even Balinese community follows a patrilineal system. In this way, as stressed by \n\nBarker (2014: 202), the patriarchal concept stresses that sex is the central principle and at \n\nthe same time regulates the social life in which gender relations are really imbued with power.  \n\nA number of works of Balinese contemporary women artists show vaguely and even \n\nopenly the signs of the patriarchal ideology. Superiority, phallus symbol, and a picture of the \n\nweak group are three classifications of the subject matter that form parts of the intended \n\npatriarchal ideology. \n\n \n\nSuperiority: Subject that Dominates  \n\nIn the painting entitled Terperangkap/Trapped on oil on canvas, 100x120cm, 2009), \n\nNi Nyoman Sutrisni depicts a woman in red gown that connotes passion, but the gesture of \n\nthe body sitting and bending with a pale face become the intensifier that the woman is actually \n\nin distress. The description of this suffering is emphasized with two bunches of red roses with \n\npartially fallen sepals. The red roses with a huge size in a scale almost the same as the", "start_char_idx": 6446, "end_char_idx": 9313, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "04fb2211-1936-4531-8460-ef61007b341d": {"__data__": {"id_": "04fb2211-1936-4531-8460-ef61007b341d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40615", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "9398d4f233d45fb6432251c113a296a5975feb88c34d7ca7389b0adf3d26b68d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "29ae946a-13e6-43f7-914e-63b33c94b842", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "1879f5f2bf719228da237503ac9e02e0eeb552866e4bf132bf6641a5820d860e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8b3483af-045d-4764-b6a8-2e6b3df1f425", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1feea9aed9fe99b6f9e5cbab7b7f7935c871c241866dd23e95a0c31da0dd5ef2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 1-7   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\nwoman\u2019s body is like a plot that pushes or directs the attention of the people who are watching \n\nit to the arrangement of the motif of suffering (see Figure 1). \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 1 \nTerperangkap (Trapped) by Sutrisni. \n\n(Source: Ni Nyoman Sutrisni\u2019s Documentation). \n \n\nAs admitted by Sutrisni, the painting is a picture of (the body) of a woman who works \n\nas a prostitute. In this painting there are two butterfies with different meanings. The first , \n\n\u201ckupu - kupu malam\u201d/ \u2018night butterfly\u2019 which is a woman who works as a prostitute which is \n\nthe main object ( focus) in this painting. The second, butterfly as the symbol of freedom \n\nrepresented in this painting at the front bottom in the figure. This position can be interpreted \n\nas a disressfull position. Thus, the freedom of the butterfly is far from being able to fly. The \n\nbutterfly is also a plot that stresses again the arrangement of the suffering motif. \n\nAt the back of this painting, one can see because of its eye-catchingness a picture of \n\na crescent moon with a man\u2019s face. A moon, a crescent moon or a full moon in the world of \n\nart is oftten used as an image of hope. It can be read that the woman in thiss painting has a \n\nhope about a man of her imagination. The man in the moon face, as what Sutrisni said , is a \n\na nameless man, he is a no body. This even stresses that the man represents a hope. This \n\npainting can be read as male superiority. The man in this case is the subject who buys, and \n\nthe woman is the object that the woman buys. \n\n \n\nPhallus Symbol: Myth of Collective Fantasy Center \n\nIn Freudian psychoanalitic view, the oral and anal and genital phases, it is emphasized \n\nthat boys find their penises, while women themselves as female when they lose their penises. \n\nThis Freudian view is rejected by Lacan. For Lacan, the relation between sex undergoes an \n\nevolution to become \u201cphallus\u201d not penis. Thus, none is taken from the girl\u2019s body. This applies", "start_char_idx": 9318, "end_char_idx": 11585, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8b3483af-045d-4764-b6a8-2e6b3df1f425": {"__data__": {"id_": "8b3483af-045d-4764-b6a8-2e6b3df1f425", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40615", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "9398d4f233d45fb6432251c113a296a5975feb88c34d7ca7389b0adf3d26b68d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "04fb2211-1936-4531-8460-ef61007b341d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "afd4b2b904f319c41fde57cbbfbda45d705065a180d681dbf709477e2c90cd34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "64b2c12c-b62b-4a61-9fd4-9b776fabd3ce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bc1d455afc8d06bcad10fb5989c50cb88fcc299c87919ee213af9fb90d39970b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 1-7   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\nto to anyone. Thus , \u201cphallus\u201d refers to the desire for a wholeness and completeness. Thus, \n\nparadoxically, phallus is the marker of insufficiency and desire at the same time (Robet in \n\nPareanom, 2013: 60-61). \n\nThe subject matter of phallus symbol ls also immediately connected to lingga-yoni. In \n\nmany cultures, phallus is often meant as the center of all collective fantasies of the power of \n\nfertilization. This collective belief is closer to the character of myth which stores a structural \n\nambiguity in a number of symbols related to fertility. This is obviously only a male cultural \n\nconstruction in particular areas is designed tfor men\u2019s benefit. In Bali, for example, maleness \n\nis constructed through a sacral folklore that positions man as the center of all energies. \n\nPatrilinearity for example does not just develop in the customary domain which is horizontal \n\nin nature, but more than that, it is belilved to be a vertical truth.  \n\nIn the painting entitled Rasa Nyaman /The Feeling of Comfort (acrilic on canvas \n\n81x50cm, 2003) by Murniasih depicts a phallus figure in a vertical position, that does not only \n\nshow a strength, but at the same time its momental character. Thus, phallus in this painting \n\nemphasizes again the center of collective fantasies of the fertilizing power and the center of \n\nall energies. Women are sitting comfortably without holding hands on the phallus which also \n\nstresses also the concept of phallus as something that is strong. The choice of blue color in \n\na dark tone even stresses the strength of the phallus. The choice of this color is contrasted \n\nwith the choice of light green color for women the tone categorized as something weak (see \n\nFigure 2). \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 2 \nRasa Nyaman / The Feeling of Comfort by Murniasih. \n\n(Source: Mondo\u2019s Documentation). \n \n\nMurniasih in this painting was clearly influenced by the male sociocultural construction \n\nthat believes that phallus is virility or malenesss that in Pierre Bourdieu\u2019s term is quiddity that \n\nis vir, virtus, point of respect (nif), as the principle of conservation and promotion of respect.", "start_char_idx": 11590, "end_char_idx": 14014, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "64b2c12c-b62b-4a61-9fd4-9b776fabd3ce": {"__data__": {"id_": "64b2c12c-b62b-4a61-9fd4-9b776fabd3ce", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40615", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "9398d4f233d45fb6432251c113a296a5975feb88c34d7ca7389b0adf3d26b68d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8b3483af-045d-4764-b6a8-2e6b3df1f425", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "2793f7e435586ccdf0cae1d0cd360f7e7e3c8af04d1efe77dc55d8d8621a05af", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a5720728-8742-446f-b6c6-2d3cb6918ac5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1800e881e11a1405c6396f3da2c4274a453a0a2bccc5cd8787ff4f09db84d233", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 1-7   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\nThe title of the painting is Rasa Nyaman (The Feeling of Comfort) even stresses too the \n\nsymbol of phallus that preserves the masculine dominance. \n\n \n\nThe Weak Group: the Object with which One Joins \n\nIn this painting entitled Kamuflase/Camouflage (drawing pen and water paint on paper \n\n30x30cm, 2014) (see Figure 3) Sutrisni represents a woman\u2019 face wearing a mask of a \n\nwoman\u2019s face. The mask itself is of the type that can be easily put on and removed from its \n\nposition (face). Semiotically, a mask as the cover for the original face or even what is meant \n\nto be original is the mask itself. Women in the painting can mean women covered with \n\nfalseness.  \n\nInterestingly, the picture about the falseness is also stressed redundantly with the \n\npicture of hair that fills all space in the picture so that it makes the mask disappear or weakens \n\nthe hand holding it. This weakening can be read as part of the strengthening of the image \n\nthat women are positioned as the weak group Hair is the image of a crown. The superiority \n\nof a woman lies in the brittle hair (crown). A picture that positions women as the weak group.  \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 3 \n\nKamuflase (Camouflage) by Sutrisni. \n\n(Source : Sutrini\u2019s Documentation). \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nThe results of this study show that, first, works of Balinese contemporary women \n\nartists have traditional visual elements that consist of contour, repetition, rhythm, and dialect, \n\nworks of Balinese contemporary women artists also have modern visual elements that consist \n\nof spatial awareness, distortion, stylization, character of material, unity, and personal identity. \n\nIn addition, they also have postmodern visual elements that consist of trans-ethnicity, \n\ndialogism and disorder.  \n\nSecondly, ideologies that work behind works of Balinese contemporary women \n\nvisual artists can be classified into three ideologies based on form and content. The ideologies", "start_char_idx": 14019, "end_char_idx": 16254, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a5720728-8742-446f-b6c6-2d3cb6918ac5": {"__data__": {"id_": "a5720728-8742-446f-b6c6-2d3cb6918ac5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40615", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "9398d4f233d45fb6432251c113a296a5975feb88c34d7ca7389b0adf3d26b68d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "64b2c12c-b62b-4a61-9fd4-9b776fabd3ce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "49c154d854a70949181c2fc5694011aa9040bde825deeb3e54fd4916d92396d5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "97594821-f577-47cb-8689-ff6866f52f73", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "acc66ab853504c0aff6f75b97e747351b3638f46282edb89cb72ad31dba117c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                             August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 1-7   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\nare : (1) patriarchal ideology that is concerned with the superiority theme, phallus symbol, \n\nand the weak; (2) feminism ideology that is concerned with the theme of subordination, \n\nequality, and subjectivity construction; and (3) aesthetic ideology of style that is concerned \n\nwith style classification based on time, place, entity, technique, and subject matter. \n\nThird, the meanings that can be developed from works of Balinese contemporary \n\nvisual artists are domestic and open body meanings in the sexual representations of Balinese \n\ncontemporary visual artists. Domestic body meaning is found in the works of Cok Mas Astiti, \n\nNi Nyoman Sani, and Sutrisni. Open body meaning is found in the works of IGK Murniasih \n\nand NIa Kurnia Andika.  \n\nThe suggestion goes to other researchers who will continue this study. It is \n\nsuggested that they can study Balinese contemporary women visual artists about their \n\nbibliographies using bibliographical method or they can also study their visual iconographies. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\nThe author would like to thank and highlly appreciate Balinese contemporary women \n\nvisual artists : Cok Mas Astiti, IGK Murniasih, Ni Nyoman Sani, Nia Kurniati Andika, and Ni \n\nNyoman Sutrisni who have given the opportunity to the author to study their works. This \n\nacknowledgement and appreciation also go to the author\u2019s promotor and copromotor of his \n\ndissertation: Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Darma Putra, M. Litt., Prof. Dr. Nengah Bawa Atmadja, M. \n\nA., and Dr. I Gede Mudana, M.Si., who have given guidance in the process of writing his \n\ndissertation.  \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nBarker, Chris. 2014. Kamus Kajian Budaya. Yogyakarta: PT. Kanisius. \n\nEndraswara, Suwardi. 2003. Metodologi Penelitian Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada \nUniversity Press. \n\nHasan, Asikin (ed). 2001. Dua Seni Rupa: Sepilihan Tulisan Sanento Yuliman. Jakarta: \nKalam. \n\nPareanom, Yusi Avianto. 2013. Subjek yang Dikekang. Jakarta: Salihara. \n\nPutra, I Nyoman Darma. 2003. Wanita Bali Tempo Doeloe: Perspektif Masa Kini. Gianyar:  \nYayasan Bali Jani. \n\nSaidi, Acep Iwan. 2008. Narasi Simbolik Seni Rupa Kontemporer Indonesia. Yogyakarta: \nIsacbook.", "start_char_idx": 16259, "end_char_idx": 18714, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "97594821-f577-47cb-8689-ff6866f52f73": {"__data__": {"id_": "97594821-f577-47cb-8689-ff6866f52f73", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40618", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "616c645e0ffa1853324233f5c4aa2fac4d20c4799ef8ff0e3e50785b6786be17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a5720728-8742-446f-b6c6-2d3cb6918ac5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40615", "author": "Hardiman, Hardiman; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40615.pdf"}, "hash": "4be858b1fe124205dbe1921fa07b17fe479cf58e526d24aec99303a8ed8c9f40", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e497c321-fe4e-450f-a34c-ebd67134b164", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c6b87822e44f1bbae075f76559f79a2e96724b6045c1ea9d00476121aa2af16a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Fadlillah 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 8-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\n \nTHE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS  \nIN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT  \n\n \n1Fadlillah, 2AA Bagus Wirawan, 3I Wayan Cika \n\nFaculty of Cultural Sciences, \n1Universitas Andalas, Padang \nemail: 1fadlillah@gmail.com  \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT  \n \n\n  The topic of the research is the novel titled Ular Keempat (the Fourth Snake) by Gus \ntf Sakai. It is focused on the text of Rumah Makan Padang (Padang restaurants) in the novel \nbased on the study of cultural studies literature. In the final part of the story of Ular Keempat, \nthere is a side text of Rumah Makan Padang. The main point of the research is the archeology \nof Rumah Makan Padang. The approaches used are the Foucault\u2018s discourse and Derrida\u2018s \ndeconstruction.  \n\nThe result of the study shows that the essence of  the story of Hajj trip in the \narticulation of Minangkabau people\u2018s view of life can be revealed in some texts. First, text of \nPadang was the episteme discourse built by the Dutch East Indies goverment. Second, the \ndiscourse of Minangkabau Sufistic culture systemically was demolished by the Dutch East \nIndies government. Third, the discourse of Minangkabau culture was systemically controlled \nby the Dutch East Indies government. Fourth, the discourse of Dutch colonial\u2018s liberal culture \nis actually continued by the Indonesian government towards Minangkabau culture. Fifth, the \nliterary approach can be applied by studying the metaphors and cultural hospitality. Through \nthis research it can be argued that the text of Hajj trip, in the novel of Ular Keempat, is a \nmanifestation of the essence of merantau text empirically. Life for Minangkabau people is \nactually migration and after life is the true home; this is theirlife view. Thus, Minangkabau \nculture is actually a sufistic culture, and surau is the center of Minangkabau culture.  \n  \nKeywords: cultural studies literature, discourse, archeology, episteme, deconstruction  \n\n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\n The existence of literary works in the middle of a cultural reality essentially represents \n\nthe culture itself. In other words, it is also stated that a literary work reflects and is the \n\ndocumentation of a culture (Junus, 1986:1). On the one hand, literary works are born and \n\nrooted from the culture; on the other hand, they revitalize the culture itself, as can be seen \n\nfrom the fact that the Indonesian literary works have been born from the Indonesian culture \n\nitself.  \n\n Gus tf Sakai is one of the prominent Indonesian men of letters. Sakai, as a man of \n\nletters as well as an intellectual, has identified and traced the discourse of the Minangkabau", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2969, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e497c321-fe4e-450f-a34c-ebd67134b164": {"__data__": {"id_": "e497c321-fe4e-450f-a34c-ebd67134b164", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40618", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "616c645e0ffa1853324233f5c4aa2fac4d20c4799ef8ff0e3e50785b6786be17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "97594821-f577-47cb-8689-ff6866f52f73", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "723020620c075767d7b489d71e508a94efebfe7a698adba979f86b749c80206f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b19c7fe3-86d0-45c0-b5b0-5b71aba9d9f4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c57165c13e68adc085006693ec00a42e70f9d9372e8c0c7c93412d3da6ed05fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 8-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\nCulture as the wealth of the Indonesian traditional culture which has become extraordinarily \n\nglobalized. \n\n Such a tragic condition can be seen from the sign, track, symbol and metaphor \n\npresented by Sakai in his novel entitled Ular Keempat (The Fourth Snake) (2005). In this \n\npresent study, the minor or last part of the novel Ular Keempat is analyzed; it is not \n\nintrinsically, structurally and formally analyzed. The minor thing which is in the last part of the \n\nnovel is Rumah Makan Padang (Minang restaurants) as the hidden sign, from which, if what \n\nis real in Padang City is traced in an indexical way, the fact shows that there is no Rumah \n\nMakan Padang in the city. What can be seen is Rumah Makan Padang which belongs to the \n\nMinangkabau ethnic group. Padang foods are the culinary wealth of the Minangkabau ethnic \n\ngroup. The phenomenon of Rumah Makan Padang is the sign and trace which are analyzed \n\nfrom the archeological, panoptic and genealogical discourses based on the paradigm of \n\nliterary cultural studies.  \n\nThis present study focuses on the text Rumah Makan Padang. It is a minor and \n\nmarginalized text. It is a minor text in the literary work written by Sakai. The archeological \n\ndiscourse of Rumah Makan Padang cannot be separated from the socio-cultural practice, \n\nand focuses on the discourse of the Minangkabau cultural heart. The study does not only \n\nfocus on the cultural practices only but also on the powers playing a role in the text network. \n\nThis present study is intended to understand the cultural discourse which includes: (1) \n\nthe cultural archeological discourse found out in the essence of the culture from the minor \n\nthing, namely Rumah Makan Padang as a trace, sign, and symbol indicating the cultural \n\nviolence in the Sakai\u2019s  novel Ular Keempat. (2) the understanding of the essence of the \n\narticulation of the genealogical discourse of the identity of \u2018merantau\u2019 (the activity of leaving \n\nthe home city or country to stay in another town or city in order to earn a living) in the Sakai\u2019s \n\nnovel Ular Keempat. (3) find out how the panoptic discourse is presented in the Minangkabau \n\nethnic group, especially in the domain of education from the paradigm of the literary cultural \n\nstudies.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD  \n\n The research method in cultural studies, as a whole, is under the postmodern \n\nparadigm. The postmodern perspective is the basic way of thinking in cultural studies, \n\nmeaning that cultural studies are not under the modernistic epistemological studies as stated \n\nby Lubis (2006: 55-65, 133). He states that postmodernism opens space for political", "start_char_idx": 2974, "end_char_idx": 5898, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b19c7fe3-86d0-45c0-b5b0-5b71aba9d9f4": {"__data__": {"id_": "b19c7fe3-86d0-45c0-b5b0-5b71aba9d9f4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40618", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "616c645e0ffa1853324233f5c4aa2fac4d20c4799ef8ff0e3e50785b6786be17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e497c321-fe4e-450f-a34c-ebd67134b164", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "a2ae380841b1ba099867cba252c080b38db09d4dd5bef85b04e631f591436ed0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9cb95ae6-f232-4cdb-8246-e8641541ff1a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ccab834aeda964182a51905bc8e7d26459ffc5468bef7ae66d7ed64f8626dbd6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 8-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\ndifferences and marginalized discourses used to strengthen justness and social changes. \n\nFurthermore, it is stated that postmodernism gives more emphasis on differences, \n\nparticularities, decency and refusal to the permanent foundation of a reality, epistemology \n\nand what is universally and objectively stated to be true, the cult of objectivity and neutrality \n\nof a science. \n\n The data were collected through intensive reading, observation, in-depth interview \n\nand discussion. The data were then sorted and classified in accordance with the \n\ncharacteristics found in the research process. the technique used to analyze data is the \n\npostmodern qualitative technique which has been constructed in the form of discursive \n\nanalysis method. This technique includes (1) formulating the problems of the study, (2) \n\nclassifying the text based on the form, factors, and meaning, (3) questioning the data found, \n\n(4) arguing using the theory of discourse, the theory of archeology, the theory of genealogical \n\narticulation, and the theory of panoptic representation, (5) presenting the representation of \n\nthe textual facts in the form of the discursive articulation, (6) presenting the textual facts in \n\nthe form of intertextual representation, (7) formulating the core of the discursive text behind \n\nthe textual facts in the cultural practice. \n\n Two strong theories used in the literary cultural studies, as stated by Barker (2004a: \n\n29,23), are the theory of discourse proposed by Foucault and the theory of deconstruction \n\nproposed by Derrida.  \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\nIn this context Rumah Makan Padangis seen as a discourse and a text, namely a \n\npopular text in the Indonesian culture. The text Rumah Makan Padang in the Sakai\u2019s novel \n\nentitled UlarKeempat cannot be separated from the marginalized text. It is not the narrated \n\ntext; it is not in the middle of the story, theme, plot and character. Similarly, the text kari \n\n(spices curry) and the text balti (container, earthenware flask with a neck and spout) are also \n\nmarginalized. They are the signs representing the British colonial discourse against the Indian \n\nnation. They also represent marginalization and emancipatory articulation and oppression. \n\nThe text Rumah Makan Padang is marginalized and is a sign representing the Dutch colonial \n\ndiscourse and the post-colonial discourse. Therefore, the text Rumah Makan Padang is a \n\ndiscourse which is archeologically analyzed from the literary cultural studies.  \n\nIn the literary cultural studies, the messages in the novel Ular Keempat are encoded \n\nand the reader decodes the massages. The producer produces massages, namely the novel", "start_char_idx": 5903, "end_char_idx": 8873, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9cb95ae6-f232-4cdb-8246-e8641541ff1a": {"__data__": {"id_": "9cb95ae6-f232-4cdb-8246-e8641541ff1a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40618", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "616c645e0ffa1853324233f5c4aa2fac4d20c4799ef8ff0e3e50785b6786be17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b19c7fe3-86d0-45c0-b5b0-5b71aba9d9f4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "d6839cfc5b055f1a1da1a3914cfaf726e776d5b9a694684d38e5a66a8a1e4f93", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5d5a618f-64bc-49a4-a8b8-0479f2a2cb14", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d73f3057fbdaa479b8138f376ad2d410958673a4df1f3d0f5c696b46390edd9a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 8-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nUlar Keempat to make it meaningful to the reader based on the ideas within particular social, \n\neconomic and cultural contexts which the reader has. In the encoding process, the reader \n\ninterprets the massages which the text contains within his/her own context. It is how \n\nmessages are constructed or encoded which constitute the intellectual matter of a literary \n\nwork; in other words, messages are framed. It is such a framing which is frequently referred \n\nto as fiction. However, how the reader receives massages (decoding) can be divided into \n\nthree types.  \n\nThe word root and what is termed as Orang Padang \u2018Padang Ethnic Group\u2019 are not \n\nderived from the traumatic event when the civil war (PRRI against APRI) took place. Long \n\nbefore Indonesia was independent, the advertisement in which Padang Restaurant \u2018Rumah \n\nMakan Padang\u2019 was included in the Soenting Melayoe newspaper (1910s) published in \n\nBatavia. It was also included in the Pemandangan newspaper (dated 28 Nay 1937) during \n\nthe Dutch government. This means that the term Orang Padang or Rumah Makan Padang \n\nhas already been used since the Dutch government. From the archeological analysis of \n\nliterary cultural studies, it can be stated that the Minangkabau people has been the epistemic \n\ndiscourse created by the Dutch government. \n\nFrom the Dutch government to the Indonesian government, there has been a \n\nsystemic discourse of Minangkabau implying the bad stigma of the Minangkabau culinary that \n\nthe Minangkabau foods are not healthy and dangerous to the heart, contain high cholesterol, \n\nand lead to stroke. However, the scientific studies show that all the spices used in the \n\nMinangkabau culinary are herbal ingredients neutralizing all the diseases people are afraid \n\nof. \n\nFrom the literary and framing points of view, and from the words used to refer to the \n\ntext rumah makan, Rumah Makan Padang implies the metaphor, satire, irony and tragedy of \n\na reality. From the analysis of the text Rumah Makan Padang in the novel Ular Keempat, it \n\ncan be stated that there has been a discontinued discourse of a state, culture and epistemic \n\nviolence.  \n\nOne of the strong indexical things of the text Rumah Makan Padang in the novel \n\nentitled Ular Keempat is the text implying the activity of leaving the home town or country to \n\nstay in another town or country in order to earn a living. That has something to do with the \n\nessence of a restaurant \u2018rumah makan\u2019 as the representation or another form of the activity \n\ndone by the Minangkabau ethnic group who live their home town or country to live in another \n\ntown or country in order to earn a living. If the text Rumah Makan Padang is a sign, then the", "start_char_idx": 8878, "end_char_idx": 11872, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5d5a618f-64bc-49a4-a8b8-0479f2a2cb14": {"__data__": {"id_": "5d5a618f-64bc-49a4-a8b8-0479f2a2cb14", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40618", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "616c645e0ffa1853324233f5c4aa2fac4d20c4799ef8ff0e3e50785b6786be17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9cb95ae6-f232-4cdb-8246-e8641541ff1a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "e2878892787df39a2ba560265250a91491076973c9908ffacc01d8dea5254e56", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d88d3936-efa4-4d7a-b3e7-cdad918b4d7a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1ebe1e1a0b1bee3a477d55704d8d15e0edb264f357f9005725891832c25263fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 8-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\ntext showing the activity of leaving the home town or country to stay in another town or country \n\nin order to earn a living is one of the indexical things for the Minangkabau ethnic group, as a \n\nspecific characteristic of the Minangkabau culture. However, the representation of the text \n\nshowing the activity of leaving the home town or country to stay in another town or country in \n\norder to earn a living implied in the Sakai\u2019s novel entitled Ular Keempat is marginalized; it is \n\nnot used as the main topic, chapter or sub-theme; it is not made to appear in the surface of \n\nthe plot. Therefore, it is this articulation which has made the indexical of the text showing the \n\nactivity of leaving the home town or country to stay in another town or country in order to earn \n\na living analyzed from the perspective of cultural studies. The text represents the life style of \n\nthe Minangkabau ethnic group, its ideology and point of view towards life. Therefore, the \n\ngenealogy of the text showing the activity of leaving the home town or country in order to stay \n\nin another town or country in order to earn a living, as part of the Minangkabaucultural life, \n\nhas been made to be one of the processions which is popularly and naturally carried out by \n\nevery generation of the Minangkabau ethnic group.  \n\nApart from that, the text showing the activity of leaving the home town or country to \n\nstay in another town or country in order to earn a living is the representation of the matrilineal \n\ncultural identity. In so far the Miangkabau culture is concerned, leaving the home town or \n\ncountry to stay in another town or country in order to earn a living is aimed at being able to \n\ngive things to others rather than being able to acquire things for those who do it. The essence \n\nof the characteristic of being fond of leaving the home town or country to stay in another town \n\nor country in order to earn a living is being able to \u201ckeep one\u2019s self away\u201d from those who are \n\nloved to make one mature and find out one\u2019s identity. Leaving the home town or country to \n\nstay in another town or country in order to earn a living is an actual practice as the empirical \n\nessence of \u201cmoving to another place\u201d. In Islam this tradition is well-known as the tradition of \n\nhijrah, meaning that moving to another place makes one\u2019s love stronger and put to a test. It \n\ncan be concluded that, for the Minangkabau ethnic people, living on earth is identical with \n\nleaving the home town or country to stay in another town or country in order to earn a living, \n\nand heaven is their actual home town or country. It is this the way of life of the Minangkabau \n\nethnic people. \n\nThe text surau in the novel Ular Keempat is the third indexical of the text Rumah \n\nMakan Padang after the discourse of the text merantau (leaving the home town or country to \n\nstay in another town or country in order to earn a living). It is true that the text surau is the \n\ntext which is not discussed; it is marginalized and is not used as the theme or subtheme.", "start_char_idx": 11877, "end_char_idx": 15214, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d88d3936-efa4-4d7a-b3e7-cdad918b4d7a": {"__data__": {"id_": "d88d3936-efa4-4d7a-b3e7-cdad918b4d7a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40618", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "616c645e0ffa1853324233f5c4aa2fac4d20c4799ef8ff0e3e50785b6786be17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5d5a618f-64bc-49a4-a8b8-0479f2a2cb14", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "277ed487316b45c4932f101d7ab5b2643474f70572c0676492b572ffb64dcf02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ba7e26e7-1310-465d-bd34-588fd6f1d1fa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "06d93e2c78bec7be7ac259326a11ef9da51dd8687bbfb03650202e271cc1005c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 8-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\nCultural studies focus on the marginalized text. However, the text surau plays an important \n\nrole and is strongly related to the text merantau and the text Rumah Makan Padang.  \n\nThe text surau is the beginning (indexicality) of the texts merantau and Rumah \n\nMakan Padang. The three texts form the cycle of the Minangkabau ethnic people\u2019s life in \n\nwhich the text surauis one of the Minangkabau cultural centers as it is the domain of education \n\nand the place where the Minangkabau ethnic people are formed. \n\nThe text surau was systematically demolished by the Dutch colonial government by \n\nbuilding a great number of liberal schools as it was the Minangkabau cultural center. The \n\nliberal schools built by the Dutch government were the Minangkabau cultural depresentation \n\nwhich took place gradually. The derepresentation was analogous to the frog which is placed \n\nin a container containing cold water before it is gradually heated until the frog dies. The Dutch \n\ncolonial government knew that a school functioned as a social technology used to control and \n\ndesign knowledge and spirituality before it was used to control the Minangkabau ethnic \n\npeople. It is this which is referred to as the panopticon from which the Dutch government \n\ncould observe the Minangkabau ethnic people.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS  \n\nFinally, the answers to the three problems of the study which explored the \n\nMinangkabau cultural discourse from the novel written by Sakai can be concluded as follows. \n\nThe archeology of Rumah Makan Padang is the text of the tip of iceberg. The text is not \n\nprominent; it is slightly seen in the last part; it is marginalized. In the politics of articulation \n\nPadang City does not have any Rumah Makan Padang; no Padang ethnic group is \n\nmentioned; the only Minangkabau culinary and ethnic people in West Sumatra, Indonesia, \n\nare mentioned. The archeological episteme of Rumah Makan Padang is established by the \n\ndiscourse of the Dutch government. \n\nThe strong genealogy of the text Rumah Makan Padang in the novel Ular Keempat \n\nis the indexical of the text merantau (leaving the home town or city to stay in another town or \n\ncountry in order to earn a living). It represents the life style of the Minangkabau ethnic people, \n\ntheir ideology and how they view life. The genealogical representation is interpreted from the \n\nmain or central text, namely the text of the spiritual journey to Mecca. This represents the \n\nessence of the activity of leaving the home town or country made by the Minangkabau ethnic \n\npeople to stay in another town or country in order to earn a living, and shows that living is", "start_char_idx": 15219, "end_char_idx": 18159, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ba7e26e7-1310-465d-bd34-588fd6f1d1fa": {"__data__": {"id_": "ba7e26e7-1310-465d-bd34-588fd6f1d1fa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40618", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "616c645e0ffa1853324233f5c4aa2fac4d20c4799ef8ff0e3e50785b6786be17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d88d3936-efa4-4d7a-b3e7-cdad918b4d7a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "f34c230c496525646429b13ca1eef0950c7387cda3da24937517be6d89e7194d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2ab6d0e3-77ae-412a-ad8e-5d641623a9de", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "43c7e92fefc8e351dbadf5fe30f9cae2c3973edc4691be46a2f193e25a19dfde", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 8-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\nidentical with the activity of leaving the home town or country to stay in another town or \n\ncountry in order to earn a living before going back home to die. \n\nThe panopticon of the text surauin the novel Ular Keempat is the third indexical of \n\nthe text Rumah Makan Padang after the discourse of merantau. The text surau is the \n\nbeginning (indexicality) of the texts merantau and Rumah Makan Padang. The three texts \n\nform a set of textual relations of the life cycle. The text surau is the essence of the cycle and \n\ncenter of the Minangkabau culture.  \n\nThe Dutch government successfully demolished the text surau and replaced it with \n\nsecular schools as the panoptic practice, and finally successfully managed and controlled the \n\nMinangkabau ethnic people.  \n\nActually, the culture of the Minangkabau ethnic group is already \u201cdead\u201d; it has not \n\nbeen intact any longer; it cannot separate itself from tragic politics, power and socio-culture. \n\nTherefore, several suggestions are recommended as considerations. (1) The Minangkabu \n\nethnic culture can only be developed and helped by its supporting community, starting from \n\nfamilies. (2) The strategic steps which can be taken are building Minangkabau culture-based \n\nschoolsstarting from elementary school to the university of Minangkabau culture. (3) The \n\nWest Sumatra province should be changed into the Minangkabau province, or the \n\nMinangkabau ethnic group should establish a new province, although it is a small one. (4) \n\nThe capital of the province should be relocated to a strategic cultural area of Minangkabau. \n\n(5) Padang City should be used a city of museum; reconstruction should be avoided as it will \n\ndestroy and bury many historic artifacts. (6) The Minangkabau literary works should be \n\ndeveloped based on the cultural root of the Minangkabau ethnic group. \n\n The future of the Minangkabau culture can be predicted from the result of this present \n\nstudy. It is predicted that if the Minangkabau values are not improved and developed as early \n\nas possible, then it can be predicted that the Minangkabau ethnic people will gradually \n\ndisappear from the historic stage. It is predicted that the fate of the Minangkabau ethnic group \n\nwill be the same as that of the Betavi ethnic group living in Jakarta or the Malay ethnic group \n\nin Singapore; the Minangkabau people will be marginalized and, finally, they will disappear. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGMENT \n\nIn this occasion, the writers thank to E-Journal of Cultural Studies for the publication \n\nof this article.", "start_char_idx": 18164, "end_char_idx": 20994, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2ab6d0e3-77ae-412a-ad8e-5d641623a9de": {"__data__": {"id_": "2ab6d0e3-77ae-412a-ad8e-5d641623a9de", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40618", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "616c645e0ffa1853324233f5c4aa2fac4d20c4799ef8ff0e3e50785b6786be17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ba7e26e7-1310-465d-bd34-588fd6f1d1fa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "e4a9ea767c9e0ec0ea5ca51fa6ad3725c5e1ece75d36b31aa0d479bac4078114", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f273b328-7abd-46c5-b48c-04074ef883f7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ab995840c2c329e47f960e42a5519954bca3fa9b656256c1eda3c3bc27e0c013", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 8-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\n \nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n \nBarker, Chris. 2004a. Cultural Studies: Teori dan Praktik. Kreasi Wacana: Yogyakarta. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2004b. The SAGE Dictionary of Cultural Studies. London. SAGE Publications. \n\nDerrida, Jacques. 1976. Of Grammatology. London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. \n\nDobbin, Christine. 2008. Gejolak Ekonomi, Kebangkitan Islam dan Gerakan Padri \nMinangkabau 1784-1847. Depok: Komunitas Bambu.  \n\nDrakard, Jane. 1999. A Kingdom of Word Language and Power in Sumatra. Ph.D. Disertation. \nNew York: Oxford University Press. \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish, The Birth of the Prison. London: Penguin \nBook.  \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1980. Power/Knowledge, Selected Interviews and Other Writings. 1972-77. \nEd. Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon.  \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1989. The Archaeology of Knowledge. London: Routledge. \n\nGellner, Ernest. 1994. Menolak Posmodernism antara Fundamentalisme Rasionalis dan \nFundamentalisme Religius. Bandung: Mizan. \n\nGraves, Elizabeth E. 2007. Asal Usul Elite Minangkabau Modern Respons terhadap Kolonial \nBelanda Abad XIX/XX. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia kerja sama dengan Pusat \nPerbukuan. \n\nHamka. 1974. Antara Fakta dan Khayal Tuanku Rao. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. \n\nHamka. 1984. Islam dan Adat Minangkabau. Jakarta: PT Pustaka Panjimas. \n\nHardiman, F. Budi.  2003.  Melampaui Positivisme dan Modernitas. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nJunus, Umar. 1996. Teori Moden Sastera dan Permasalahan Sastera Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: \nDewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. \n\nKahin, Audrey. 2008. Dari Pemberontakan ke Integrasi Sumatera Barat dan Politik Indonesia \n1926-1998. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. \n\nKato, Tsuyoshi. 2005. Adat Minangkabau dan Merantau dalam Perspektif Sejarah. Jakarta: \nBalai Pustaka. \n\nLubis, Akhyar Yusuf. 2006. Dekonstruksi Epistemologi Modern: Dari Posmodernisme,  Teori \nKritis, Poskolonialisme  hingga Cultural Studies. Jakarta: Pustaka Indonesia Satu. \n\nMasoer, M.D. dkk.. 1970.  Sejarah Minangkabau. Jakarta: Bhratara.", "start_char_idx": 21002, "end_char_idx": 23283, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f273b328-7abd-46c5-b48c-04074ef883f7": {"__data__": {"id_": "f273b328-7abd-46c5-b48c-04074ef883f7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40618", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "616c645e0ffa1853324233f5c4aa2fac4d20c4799ef8ff0e3e50785b6786be17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2ab6d0e3-77ae-412a-ad8e-5d641623a9de", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "f43e5b8bfb1abaef462147ee880d86fac953442d165fa66ac5babd97aa8e6b7c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3bba0081-1af2-45d7-8352-9ed69a234aac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "592484ffee7d74a6feb1a62ed6bd29d7fb448194055d951b549c30d99d82bf0f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 8-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\nNaim, Mochtar. 1979. Merantau Pola Migrasi Suku Minangkabau. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada \nUniversity Press. \n\nNasroen, M. 1971. Dasar Falsafah Adat Minangkabau. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. \n\nNavis, A.A. 1984. Alam Terkembang jadi Guru Adat dan Kebudayaan Minangkabau. Jakarta: \nPustaka Grafitipers. \n\nNavis, A.A. 2005. Robohnya Surau Kami, (kumpulan cerpen). Cet. Ke-11. Jakarta: Gramedia \nPustaka Utama. \n\nPamoentjak, M. Thaib St. 1935. Kamoes Bahasa Minangkabau-Bahasa Melajoe-Riau. \nBatavia: Balai Poestaka.   \n\nPiliang,Yasraf Amir. 2003. Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies atas Matinya Makna. \nYogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nPiliang,Yasraf Amir. 2011. Dunia yang Dilipat, Tamasya Melampaui Batas-Batas \nKebudayaan. Edisi 3. Bandung: Pustaka Matahari. \n\nRadjab, Muhamad. 1974. Semasa Kecil di Kampung. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. \n\nRitzer, George. 2003. Teori Sosial Postmodern. Yogyakarta: Juxtapose Research and \nPublication Study Club dan Kreasi Wacana. \n\nSakai, Gus tf. 2005. Ular Keempat (Novel). Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas.  \n\nSweeney, Amin. 2005. Karya Lengkap Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi. Jilid 1. Jakarta: \nKepustakaan Populer Gramedia kerja sama dengan Ecole Francaise d\u2019 Extreme-\nOrient. \n\nZed, Mestika. dkk. 1998.  Sumatra Barat di Panggung Sejarah 1945 -1995. Jakarta: Sinar \nHarapan. \n\nZoest, Art van. 1980. Fiksi dan Nonfiksi dalam Kajian Semiotik. Jakarta: Intermasa.", "start_char_idx": 23288, "end_char_idx": 24963, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3bba0081-1af2-45d7-8352-9ed69a234aac": {"__data__": {"id_": "3bba0081-1af2-45d7-8352-9ed69a234aac", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "aae7aa9a829a4d185eace681bf45c96589bc203d5f9273ce14b6bf9a078f52f5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f273b328-7abd-46c5-b48c-04074ef883f7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40618", "author": "Fadlillah, Fadlillah; Wirawan, AA Bagus; Cika, I Wayan", "title": " THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI\u2019S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40618.pdf"}, "hash": "35f32b67ab8b8f95458279991dd6b0420120115d19e1496943d0e86a2e3cd5f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5241f747-9737-4a75-a180-7650cf018e64", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e45896cb8004abb13aabc260f869bfb63081298a28140427200bcb0cca8d0975", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Nurul Hasanah 3\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 17-22   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\n \nDISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE  \n\nOF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI \n \n\nNurul Hasanah, I Made Suastika, I Gusti Ketut Gde Arsana \nMaster Program of Cultural Studies, \n\nFaculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Udayana  \nEmail: nurulhasanah_hasanah92@yahoo.co.id  \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nThis study aims to reveal and understand about the discourse on kafoampe in the \ntraditional marriage of Muna community in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. \nThis is a qualitative research, which is categorized into cultural studies. \n\nThe result of study shows, kafoampe symbolized by the amount of money given by \nthe family of the bride to the family of the groom to be used to finance the marriage. Kafoampe \nis a form of appreciation of the groom's family to the family of the bride, which can be given \neither in the form of money as a whole or by including livestock, and other food items in \naccordance with the agreement of the two great families. In addition to being regarded as a \nform of awards, kafoampe also has a meaning to tighten the bond and strengthen the familial \nrelationship between the two big families in a marriage as well as strengthening the familial \nrelationship with the surrounding community. \n\n \nKeywords: discourse, kafoampe, indigenous marriage of Muna ethnicity. \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nMarriage is one of the important phases in society and in shaping generations that are \n\nthe successors of a country, region, and culture in its social environment. Through the \n\nmarriage it is expected to be born a good and civilized generation. In the indigenous peoples, \n\nmarriage aims to build, nurture, and maintain peaceful, harmonious family relationships and \n\nkinship. Marriage also contains the purpose of fulfilling passions in social life such as social \n\nstanding, prestige, and sometimes even to fulfill political and economic interests (Walinono, \n\n1979, 48). \n\nMuna people regard marriage customs as a norm of courtesy and as well as a moral \n\nnorm that is upheld by adat (traditional) leaders and the whole community because it gives a \n\nsense of comfort to all parties, these norms then become customary rules that become the \n\nreference in marriage implementation on Muna community. In its development Muna's \n\ncustomary marriage continues to show new characters and mindsets in various aspects. If \n\nMuna's first marriage was organized on the basis of the level of social stratification of Muna", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2839, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5241f747-9737-4a75-a180-7650cf018e64": {"__data__": {"id_": "5241f747-9737-4a75-a180-7650cf018e64", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "aae7aa9a829a4d185eace681bf45c96589bc203d5f9273ce14b6bf9a078f52f5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3bba0081-1af2-45d7-8352-9ed69a234aac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "637bb53f633fd802c0782b6b55fb8a75dec061151a4591cc1035318ca2c8d767", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6ff79283-e5ac-4682-90d9-54aa8abdba38", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f96f1c3834de271b678b2353151f33f144baf39a32a27c6f66045c534571b68b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 17-22   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nsociety, then now with the development of people's mindset in various aspects of life, the \n\nphysical condition, educational level, and career of a woman to be married become the \n\nconsideration in the process of determining the main custom determination of kafoampe. \n\nKafoampe which is actually done as a form of respect and respect for women and to \n\nstrengthen the familial relationship between parties that will marry, is now a battle of an ego \n\nand ideology, because what happened lately with kafoampe shows the existence of \n\ntransactional symptoms to show the existence of society. This is evidenced by the \n\nproliferation of cases that make the provision of kafoampe value as a reward for women based \n\non the level of human resources (women), such as recent education, work and even the \n\n(physical) appearance  of women. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nThis is a cultural study using qualitative methods with descriptive-qualitative analysis \n\ntechniques that seek to understand and interpret the meaning of an event in a given situation \n\naccording to the researcher's perspective. Researchers will observe, interview, conduct \n\ndocumentation studies, and analyze data so as to find descriptive data either in the form of \n\nwritten or spoken words and in the form of observed behavior thoroughly. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nThe occurrence of discourse on kafoampe in adat marriage of Muna ethnic in Muna \n\nRegency is caused by the condition of the Muna community where the current population \n\ninhabiting Muna island does not only comes from ethnic Muna, but from various ethnic both \n\noriginating from Sulawesi and other ethnic originating from outside the island Sulawesi. This \n\nhomogeneous condition of society then led to a variety of forms of discourse on kafoampe in \n\nMuna ethnic customs in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. \n\nThe various forms of kafoampe in marriage show how Muna society today \n\nunderstands the nature and philosophy of kafoampe in Muna's traditional (adat) marriage. \n\nThe form of discourse on kafoampe sees how the position of women in the kafoampe tradition \n\nand in the marriage custom of Muna ethnic.  \n\nThe kafoampe discourse in Muna's traditional marriage in Muna Regency saw us the \n\nkafoampe tradition in the Muna ethnic\u2019s customary marriage system. Kafoampe in marriage \n\ntoday has become a central issue in the culture and traditions of the Muna community. The \n\nkafoampe tradition which has cultural values contained in it that should be preserved, turns", "start_char_idx": 2844, "end_char_idx": 5630, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6ff79283-e5ac-4682-90d9-54aa8abdba38": {"__data__": {"id_": "6ff79283-e5ac-4682-90d9-54aa8abdba38", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "aae7aa9a829a4d185eace681bf45c96589bc203d5f9273ce14b6bf9a078f52f5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5241f747-9737-4a75-a180-7650cf018e64", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "1d2557124a1195650de76383dd818d1322e03692ed5607ac37259f5ffc35299b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dc106dde-7049-4145-a1ab-bdc2b47c6026", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9a19af549e8c9aef526d5aa652b557492e64b2aa3ba49fb055937d434a562193", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 17-22   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\ninto a frightening specter, the preservation of tradition in the name of cultural preservation \n\ncolored by new contents of the meaning of a tradition. \n\nIn Muna society a rule of marriage law is difficult to understand without accompanied \n\nby a review of familial law of the indigenous peoples concerned. The practice of marriage in \n\nMuna society is governed by customary rules which have been going on for generations and \n\nhave become a habit to this day. The marriage of the Muna people is governed according to \n\nadat (traditional norm) based on the social stratification of the Muna people. This \n\nphenomenon is a logical consequence of human life in society, especially those having social \n\ncoating system, where Muna society consists of several levels of community groups, the \n\nkaomu group which is the king of Muna, a walaka group that is a class of people who have \n\npositions in the kingdom or in other words is a group of high-ranking royalty, anangkolaki \n\nclass who is a class of merchants, maradika class which is a group of slaves (Batoa, 1992). \n\nIt can not be denied that the existence of groups based on the social stratification in \n\nthe  Muna people is very influential on the determination of kafoampe tradition in Muna ethnic \n\nmarriage custom in Muna Regency. The social stratification of society is indirectly made by \n\nsociety as a symbolic capital in the practice of tradition. Bouerdieu describes capital as a \n\nsocial resource that is an accumulation that allows individuals to benefit. In the realm of \n\nculture, a person will place himself based on the function and amount of capital he has and \n\nalso based on the relative capital he has. \n\nThe higher the level of social stratification of the female family, the higher the number \n\nof kafoampe the male family will give to the female family. The way of determining that has \n\nbeen done for generations is not able to stem the misunderstandings that occur in the \n\ndetermination of the main kafoampe in inter-group marriages, this is suspected by the \n\ndifference of class which higher class will not budge and tend to retain his thoughts. Especially \n\nif women come from a higher class of men, because they consider that lowering kafoampe is \n\nthe same as lowering self-esteem. It is in these circumstances that the delegation of both \n\nparties to mediate and the success to reach agreement in kafoampe is very dependent on \n\nthe delegation of both parties. \n\nIn an environment with hemogeneous societal conditions, intergroup marriages often \n\noccur and can not be avoided, as well as in Muna society. Inter-ethnic marriages in Muna \n\nRegency often occur, either between tribes in Sulawesi or among other tribes such as Java, \n\nManado, Ambon, and others. Basically the inter-ethnic marriage process in Muna Regency \n\nwill be implemented based on the custom of the female family if the marriage takes place with", "start_char_idx": 5635, "end_char_idx": 8829, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dc106dde-7049-4145-a1ab-bdc2b47c6026": {"__data__": {"id_": "dc106dde-7049-4145-a1ab-bdc2b47c6026", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "aae7aa9a829a4d185eace681bf45c96589bc203d5f9273ce14b6bf9a078f52f5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6ff79283-e5ac-4682-90d9-54aa8abdba38", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "51eb4f699eab50166d53a8646ab8a53c78464993685ced0790dd7cbd7576c871", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "53810eaa-9143-4fc4-b28f-5f684a57a777", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b03349d87bfb5a96cdd59d4df9b378e85bc04cc411f6b80f1ec27551a53f0b9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 17-22   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nthe female couple coming from the Muna tribe and the male partner from another tribe the \n\nprocess will use the Muna custom as the custom of the woman, men will look for customary \n\nleaders to ask for help during the marriage process from the initial stage of the application \n\nuntil the final stage of the process of ijab-qobul. \n\nMarriage between the tribe with the bride from the ethnic Muna does not change the \n\ncustomary marriage tattoo because generally men will follow the custom of the women. In the \n\ndetermination of kafoampe, the women will still apply the determination of the social \n\nclassification and social class of women but by adding other capital owned by women such \n\nas education level, occupation, and other things considered as female capital, be they capital, \n\nculture, social and economic. While in the marriage of male ethnic from Muna ethnic and   \n\nwomen from other ethnic, then men will follow the custom of the women. Marrying different \n\nethnic couples does not mean that customary issues will become easier, because following \n\nother ethnic customs with all its provisions is not as easy as talking about ethnic customs. \n\nKafoampe discourses is not only applied to Muna's marriage but when inter-tribal marriage \n\ntakes place, similar discourse persists. In these circumstances the involvement and \n\nparticipation of the delegation is urgently needed. Patience and sincerity and negotiation \n\nability of the delegation play a very important role, because some cases where the delegation \n\ncan not refrain it will impact on the marriage. \n\nThe fundamental thing that every community understands besides analyzing its \n\nculture is to know the food of every culture of the region, because without knowing the \n\nmeaning of a tradition, then society will not understand about the tradition and culture itself. \n\nSo the meaning and culture itself will shift slowly and will disappear. Kafoampe as part of the \n\nmarriage process that existed in the Muna community has a meaning that needs to be \n\nunderstood by every Muna community not only the parents but the whole layer/level of society \n\nis mainly teenagers. \n\nIn the kafoampe tradition is full of cultural meaning and social meaning that must be \n\nunderstood and guarded by the Muna community as the owner of culture and traditions of \n\nkafoampe. Community interaction through kafoampe can restore, even develop humanity in \n\ninterpreting various things of life through social communication contained in various symbols \n\nof social interaction before marriage begins. One such communication is by presenting \n\ncigarettes and sweets on the messengers who came to the women's house to apply, in \n\naddition the envoys also came bringing some money for the preparation of the next men visit.", "start_char_idx": 8834, "end_char_idx": 11901, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "53810eaa-9143-4fc4-b28f-5f684a57a777": {"__data__": {"id_": "53810eaa-9143-4fc4-b28f-5f684a57a777", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "aae7aa9a829a4d185eace681bf45c96589bc203d5f9273ce14b6bf9a078f52f5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dc106dde-7049-4145-a1ab-bdc2b47c6026", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "72947ce216cb922496a2c9baaff13173ac32c025053bbc6c59dcad492a956cbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c76e38c2-f7d4-4007-9717-387fa0075a31", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6f09954d0db4a9d6c9f2f5fac183eab70d91d903dede923906ee23596edb4429", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 17-22   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\nAnd in the procession of marriage, the form of communication becomes bigger that is with a \n\nmeal with both family and invited guests. \n\nThis tradition is a symbol of sense mutual cooperation, tolerance, and solidarity to \n\nshow the bonds of the family. Kafoampe and togetherness are two different traditions but \n\ninterrelated because in kafoampe there is a togetherness.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\nKafoampe is actually a form of appreciation towards the women, as well as an \n\nimportant thing to strengthen the familial relationship between the two big families, and the \n\nsurrounding community. But along with the technological developments, and the education \n\nthat has permeated every sector of life resulting in the emergence of new ideologies in \n\ndetermining the value of kafoampe, the current kafoampe determination is often associated \n\nwith the social, economic, and cultural capital of the bride, so that the current kafoampe \n\ntradition is like a battleground of ideology and causes a shift in the meaning of tradition. \n\nKafoampe discourse in Muna ethnic marriage custom occurs due to several things, \n\nseen from the forms that affect the discourse and ideologies that affect the occurrence of \n\nkafoampe discourse. The forms of discourse on kafoampe in Muna ethnic marriage in Muna \n\nRegency are Muna ethnic customs but with different groups, this can be seen from marriage \n\nbetween women of high class with men of low class, or between men of high class with \n\nwomen of low class. Second, ethnic tribal marriages within the Muna community. With \n\nhomogeneous people conditions causing many cases of inter-ethnic marriage in Muna \n\nsociety, such as women from Muna ethnic married to men of other ethnicities, or Muna ethnic \n\nmen married to other ethnic women, both ethnic originating from the island of Sulawesi and \n\ncomes from outside the island of Sulawesi. There is also a marriage between different faith \n\n(religion) in Muna. Muna society carry out the marriage based on existing traditions that are \n\nbased on the teachings of Islam, this is due to the religion of Islam as the first accepted by \n\nthe Muna community at that time so that the entire ordinance of marriage is implemented \n\nbased on the teachings of Islam. Different religious marriages in Muna society are not \n\nallowed, and based on the rules of marriage implementation so if the couple decides to move \n\naway from the Islamic religion then the marriage will not be done based on Muna marriage \n\ntradition, the marriage will be delegated completely to the church or based on religious \n\nteachings chosen by the couple.", "start_char_idx": 11906, "end_char_idx": 14819, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c76e38c2-f7d4-4007-9717-387fa0075a31": {"__data__": {"id_": "c76e38c2-f7d4-4007-9717-387fa0075a31", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40619", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "aae7aa9a829a4d185eace681bf45c96589bc203d5f9273ce14b6bf9a078f52f5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "53810eaa-9143-4fc4-b28f-5f684a57a777", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "4b4a459296cb075bb79ceb9eda1a8ce5c8e609283ca20585907fe119195264f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "64cae0ab-0c3e-4188-8a31-ae1f9b231fd3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c0a54c2560647182176e49322df3a739be99d04993bd81b9003843aca539cae5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 17-22   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\nIt is suggested that the Muna can keep the traditions and do not involve in private \n\ninterests in the name of tradition, so as not to conflict with the national rules and not to violate \n\nthe true meaning of tradition. This will indirectly maintain and strengthen the unity of both \n\nMuna fellow and other ethnic communities residing in Muna Regency and not in conflict with \n\nnational life. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nI would like to thank all those who have helped to publish this article, such as I Made \n\nSuastika and I Gusti Ketut Gde Arsana as well as E-Journal of Cultural Studies. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nBatoa, La Kimi. 1992. History of Muna. Raha: Jaya Press. \n\nBell, Daniel. 2001. Matinya Ideologi. Magelang: Indonesia. \n\nRatna, Nyoman Kutha. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kajian Budaya dan Imu Sosial Umumnya. \nYogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nSindhunata. 1982. Dilema Usaha Manusia Rasional. Jakarta: Gramedia. \n\nWulansari, Dewi. 2010. Hukum Adat Indonesia: Pengantar. Bandung. PT. Refika Aditama.", "start_char_idx": 14824, "end_char_idx": 16119, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "64cae0ab-0c3e-4188-8a31-ae1f9b231fd3": {"__data__": {"id_": "64cae0ab-0c3e-4188-8a31-ae1f9b231fd3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c76e38c2-f7d4-4007-9717-387fa0075a31", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40619", "author": "Hasanah, Nurul; Suastika, I Made; Arsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde", "title": " DISCOURSE ON KAFOAMPE IN THE TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE OF MUNA ETHNIC IN MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40619.pdf"}, "hash": "3023ea22d4b49804514e435c5693f91df338d5a8d172f1be9bdfa05f7419f00e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1e4190a3-c991-4b19-876b-5142f9180fd6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "82f92a1d5d71a9115a9b853f273fff42ad16e19b1cc24b15006800ee7f719179", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Ahkmad Marhadi 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\n \nPOWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO \n\nETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST \nMUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI  \n\n \nAkhmad Marhadi1, I Ketut Ardhana2, I Nyoman Darma Putra3, Ni Luh Arjani4 \n\n1Faculty of Art Halu Oleo University, 2 3 4 Cultural Studies Program Faculty of Art Udayana \nUniversity \n\nemail: 1ajie_np@yahoo.com, 2phejepsdrlipi@yahoo.com, 3idarmaputra@yahoo.com  \n4arjani_psw@yahoo.com \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nAfter the coming of globalization flow and ideology of capitalism in Ner Order around \n\n1970s and 1980s until reformation era in 1998 up to now, power relation of punggawa-sawi \nresulted in hegemony on the group of sawi that had the impact on economic imbalance in the \nlife of Bajo ethnics. This research is a qualitative method. Next, this research used a \nqualitative method with technique of snowball according to the purpose and objective of \nresearch.  \n\nResult of this research showed that in forming power relation and hegemony of the \ngroup of punggawa is done not only directly in recruiting sawi as the worker to collect sea \nproduct, but also do the power and hegemony through another punggawa, through capital \nrestriction and restrain of trade. In addition, manipulating regulation of government, power \nrelation and hegemony through trader outside and through security apparatus are also done \nin recruiting sawi with the purpose of pursuing economic profit. Ideology of capitalism and \nreligiousity is the supporting factor of hegemony towards sawi to happen. In this case, power \nrelation between punggawa and sawi has the implication on ideological aspect that also \ninfluences system of knowledge of Bajo ethnics. Besides, this thing also has the implication \non economic aspect, namely inegality of incoming between punggawa with sawi, political \naspect, namely the involvement of the group of punggawa in practical politic, and has the \nimplication in practical poliytics and has the implicatin on the condition of social stratification \nin which the change on the system of socil stratification happens on the society of Bajo \nethnics.  \n \nKeywords: power relation, Punggawa-Sawi, Bajo ethnics, ideology, and capitalist. \n\n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nIn the light of economic aspect, societal life of Bajo ethnics at Tiworo Archipelago, \n\nNorth Tiworo District, West Muna Regency constitutes the relation of patron-client between \n\nthe capital owner and worker that is usually called with the term of \u201cpunggawa-sawi\u201d. In \n\nanalyzing the power relation between punggawa and sawi during New Order in 1970s and \n\n1980s and the coming of reformation era in 1998 up to now with globalization flow and \n\ncapitalism that is increasingly strong did not make the change totally on the life of Bajo \n\nethnics. One of which that is still inherent in economic life as their cultural heritage is the", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3208, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1e4190a3-c991-4b19-876b-5142f9180fd6": {"__data__": {"id_": "1e4190a3-c991-4b19-876b-5142f9180fd6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "64cae0ab-0c3e-4188-8a31-ae1f9b231fd3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "aed4fd787a9654a4f2965e1fd453aed69e1c113f715e40626fc08f421633b31d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f788236a-71aa-4264-8648-5319a9e9c0f8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "506eb3e3985755b56d7d63e06c48c7fe55fed981d18c1d1480f3d50b1b7322bd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\nrelationship of patron-client between capital owner/production leader and  worker that is \n\nusually called by Bajo ethnics in South and Southeast Sulawesi with the term of punggawa-\n\nsawi. \n\nThe word of punggawa is similirized with leader or boss. This term is used to describe \n\nthe relationship in the broad scope between superior and subordinate that is accompanied \n\nwith personal bonds. The term of sawi is the complement of punggawa that can be interpreted \n\nas the subordinate or the person having personal relationship with the superior.  \n\nThe relation between pungawa-sawi on fishermen community of Bajo ethnics at \n\nNorth Tiworo forms the bonds of patron-client. Initially, the relationship of punggawa and sawi \n\nin doing fish-catching and catching-product division ran in a balanced and fair manner \n\nbetween punggawa and sawi. But, the advent of capitalism flow causes the group of \n\npunggawa increasingly intensively builds the relations with other parties in doing \n\nmanagement of sea product that, without being realized, arouse the power and hegemony to \n\nthe group of sawi. This has the implication on economic condition of society of Bajo ethnics.  \n\nThe main question in this research how the forms of power relation of punggawa-\n\nsawi in the activity of fishermen of Bajo ethnics at Tiworo Archipelago, North Tiworo District, \n\nWest Muna Regency are. This research aims at answering the general problems that happen \n\non fishermen of Bajo ethnics at Tiworo Archipelago, North Tiworo District West Muna \n\nRegency related to the power relation of the group of punggawa and group of sawi. Whereas, \n\nthe specific purpose of this research is to respond the problems in the problem formulation.  \n\nThis research uses a power relation theory of Foucault to study the forms of power \n\nrelation between the interest supporter namely punggawa (rural government and \n\nentrepreneur of sea product collector) and society of fishermen of sawi and influence \n\nof modernization towards ideology of group of punggawa and sawi. This research also \n\nemployed a theory of capital of Bourdieu. This theory is used not only to see the form of power \n\nrelation, but also to study the implication that happens in power relation of punggawa-sawi \n\non fishermen of Bajo ethnics at North Tiworo District, West Muna Regency. \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nThe forms of the power relation of fishermen\u2019s activities mentioned above are as \n\nfollows. The form of working-relation also happens between small punggawa with his sawi. \n\nSmall punggawa is the punggawa given capital by big punggawa to be managed with the \n\npurpose of enlarging his working-area. The task of small punggawa is recruiting the group of", "start_char_idx": 3213, "end_char_idx": 6190, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f788236a-71aa-4264-8648-5319a9e9c0f8": {"__data__": {"id_": "f788236a-71aa-4264-8648-5319a9e9c0f8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1e4190a3-c991-4b19-876b-5142f9180fd6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "656e6920622850d7c1811cb5738d6ca56e46280823714bb0b5985c8eb8713f08", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a0177d18-7886-4618-8a46-d7bf46448344", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "caf88a47650188b9934b9897fd6acd1de838d53b27e62c0ba27dea34933c98ac", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\nsawi or traditional small fishermen to work to punggawa. The direct recruitement of sawi that \n\nis done by small punggawa is the strategy done to create their own fishermen in their own \n\nregion in collecting sea products like Tasipi Village, Bero Village, Tiga Village, and all villages \n\nat North Tiworo District. This is carried out not only to expand working-relation, but also to \n\nfulfill their production necessity including how the small punggawa as the mediator of big \n\npunggawa can become the relation and hegemonize the distribution areas of fishermen of \n\nsawi to be made  the worker in collecting sea products.  \n\nThe target of small punggawa in doing the recruitement of sawi to do the activity of \n\nfish-catching is the group of small fishermen that works individually either they who use \n\ntraditional boat by using sticking-machine or traditional boat by using oar or they who do not \n\nhave catching-tools.  \n\nThe way done by small punggawa is by giving additional capital loan for the \n\nfishermen of sawi who have had the business of catching previously according to their needs. \n\nWhereas, for sawi who begins their business for the first time is given capital loan in the form \n\nof tools and equipment of catching-tool and is given money loan to fulfill their daily life needs. \n\nThe strategy of direct recruitement of sawi by giving capital and loan for daily life needs aims \n\nto be easier to monitor and control their performance so that it makes the power and \n\nhegemony of punggawa towards sawi to be increasingly strong. It is due to the life pattern of \n\nsawi himself that tends to be pragmatical and irregular in the management of finance because \n\nof their mindset that regards that sea has provided their life needs.  \n\nThe relation formed by big punggawa to expand his business network is by forming \n\nsmall punggawa as the mediator of big punggawa in building power relation and hegemony \n\ntowards sawi. One of the criteria in lifting small punggawa is done by being chosen a sawi \n\nthat has worked for a long time and has obtained the trust, loyality and still owns kinship \n\nbonds with big punggawa. \n\nIt is through the small punggawa that in turn recruites sawi to work to collect sea \n\nproducts either by using traditional boat or by using sticking-machine in all areas of North \n\nTiworo District to fulfill the necessity of market. The way of big punggawa builds the \n\nconnections in enlarging his business expansion by creating small punggawa as the mediator \n\nof big punggawa. The group of small punggawa spreads in every island that also constitutes \n\nthe villages at North Tiworo District to facilitate the access of small punggawa and collect sea \n\nproducts from the fishermen (sawi). Through the small punggawa that has been created by \n\nbig punggawa aims at strengthening the power and hegemony of punggawa towards sawi.", "start_char_idx": 6195, "end_char_idx": 9336, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a0177d18-7886-4618-8a46-d7bf46448344": {"__data__": {"id_": "a0177d18-7886-4618-8a46-d7bf46448344", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f788236a-71aa-4264-8648-5319a9e9c0f8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "fadf8cc6a960c1cba82c40dad07963c8c59c9fa00959ec20f4a39187726c49f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fe997aed-842a-4353-a187-8ad59a717c72", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6a8e3f4f3b65f7f034f957083cc928890d57e137770dfef4537b49151a53d75b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nWorking-relation that happens between punggawa and sawi is carried out by giving \n\nthe trust to manage capital with the purpose of binding the group of sawi in order to keep \n\nworking and obeying towards the command of punggawa that is helped by small punggawa. \n\nThe group of big punggawa expands their working-relation and develops business with the \n\npurpose of dominating sea products so that they can fulfill their production needs. In actuating \n\nthis strategy, big punggawa depends on the capability of the small punggawa as their \n\nmediator in every village that spreads at North Tiworo District. In choosing the person that is \n\nmade as their working-partner, the group of big punggawa has their own requirement. This \n\nrequirement is done to give the guarantee in order that the distributing of capital and loan to \n\nsawi can run well and make sure that the collecting of sea product can be dominated by big \n\npunggawa. \n\nThis strategy is carried out in order that the cost is still in the control of big punggawa. \n\nThe submission of authority in capital management and purchase cost determining towards \n\ncatching-product of the fishermen of sawi is made use of by the group of small punggawa to \n\ndo the purchase according to the cost established partially by the group of small punggawa, \n\neventhough the cost does not exceed the standard of cost established by the group of big \n\npunggawa. This case becomes the space of the group of small punggawa to do the power \n\nand hegemony towards the group of sawi by means of giving capital according to the needs \n\nof sawi and on the aspect of product division and purchase are not greatly imbalanced and \n\ntend to lose the group of sawi.  \n\nSocial bond between punggawa and sawi not only obtains the profit economically, \n\nbut this relation in turn develops and is directed to reach a bigger political interest. Its purpose \n\nis to strengthen the existence of punggawa in the middle of Bajo ethnics by making use of \n\nsocial bond between punggawa and sawi for political interests with the hope of being capable \n\nof arranging and of actuating the aids given by both central government and local government \n\nto the group of fishermen of Bajo ethnics. Economic dependence of fishermen of sawi towards \n\npunggawa becomes moral bond with the obligations that must follow the will of punggawa in \n\ngiving his political decision.  \n\nThe capability of punggawa in controlling his member becomes special attention \n\nboth executive and legislative government. Punggawa is in turn made as the connection of \n\nbuilding communication with groups of fishermen that are controlled by the group of big \n\npunggawa. This condition opens the space in which power relation and hegemony paly in the \n\nmidst of society of Bajo fishermen.", "start_char_idx": 9341, "end_char_idx": 12393, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fe997aed-842a-4353-a187-8ad59a717c72": {"__data__": {"id_": "fe997aed-842a-4353-a187-8ad59a717c72", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a0177d18-7886-4618-8a46-d7bf46448344", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "6fde96e163ee0049eb06f11f17075c661cce964d3c367c367ac0f71186dd43b6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c11211a0-8328-4bdf-a667-40c2e2d91474", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b38e90a8a1a0ab7529872c015acb006390d1c3bb66939c0896484fc13e11d612", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\nAlong with the socio-political development in the region, the group of punggawa in \n\nturn changes into the agent that guards governmental policy even becomes political \n\nconnection in the midst of society of fishermen of Bajo ethnics at North Tiworo District. The \n\ngroup of punggawa plays a role not only as the capital owner in domination of economical \n\nassets, but begins entering in political fields. In addition to strengthening their existence in \n\nthe society, the group of punggawa also protects and adds their economic assets through \n\ngovernmental policy both executive and legislative government. This progressively \n\nstrengthens the power and hegemony of punggawa towards sawi by doing manipulation of \n\ngovernmental policy regulation both executive and legislative government. \n\nThe group of punggawa to optimalize performance of sawi in collecting sea products \n\nin order to be able to get big profit by means of interlacing relation and collaboration with \n\ntraders outside whether they who are in Makassar, Bali, Surabaya, or Jakarta. The relation \n\nthat is built through the traders outside of North Tiworo District is done in order that they obtain \n\ncapital loan and make sure that the route of marketing of sea products can be overcome and \n\ncan get bigger profit. The traders outside are also not reluctant to give the trust in the aid of \n\ncapital for the group of punggawa to make them easier to obtain the supply of sea products.  \n\nThe relationship of power relation between big punggawa with trader of sea product \n\ncollector from outside has had their each own route. The abovementioned trading-route may \n\nnot be broken and if they break the rule that has been established will get sanction from the \n\ncollectors of sea products from four cities in Indonesia. In addition, they as the capital supplier, \n\nit signifies that it has happened the power and hegemony of traders outside towards the role \n\nof big punggawa. Therefore, they cannot help but obliging to guard the relationship of fellow \n\npunggawa and do the power and hegemony towards sawi to work as well as possible for the \n\nsurvival and trust of their business from the sanction that they obtain whenever from traders \n\noutside.   \n\nPunggawa as the doer of business in the midst of society certainly always expects \n\nto conduct their safe and comfortable business and without any disturbance. Principally, \n\npunggawa requires the security guarantee in doing their business according to what is \n\nexpected without any disturbance from another person or from certain societal groups as the \n\nconsequence of business competition. For that reason, the group of punggawa entrusts \n\nsafety and protection of their business through security apparatus. In this case, institution of \n\npolice matter is the best institution in ascertaining the safety of their business.", "start_char_idx": 12399, "end_char_idx": 15525, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c11211a0-8328-4bdf-a667-40c2e2d91474": {"__data__": {"id_": "c11211a0-8328-4bdf-a667-40c2e2d91474", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fe997aed-842a-4353-a187-8ad59a717c72", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "2f372c6c851574ddf6e9138af0515f3fa64705b43dc3db62cab8ba37e6ea4338", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e2f12547-733e-4b75-ac25-df714c3e42ab", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e824fbfb8a763777001419c36cfbd8bf30be92b71ef7f968a8f979276040e552", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nThere is mutualistic relation in which punggawa gets the sense of safety in one hand, \n\non the other hand, the group of punggawa can also give the fear towards sawi that tries to do \n\nthe bad things or opposition towards punggawa. Based on this case, punggawa makes the \n\nsecurity side as the tool to give the fear towards the group of sawi in order to guard and \n\nguarantee their obedience towards punggawa. The relationship of power relation and \n\nhegemony through security side also aims at guaranteeing the survival of fish-catching \n\nbusiness and preventing conflict of inter fellow fishermen that depend his life form sea \n\nproducts.  \n\nBesides, power and hegemony through security apparatus also aims at avoiding and \n\nacting on emphatically the fishermen from out of North Tiworo to conduct sea product \n\ncatching in their area.  \n\n \n\nCLOSING  \n\nThe implication of power relation of punggawa-sawi on the fishermen of Bajo ethnics \n\nat Tiworo Archipelago, North Tiworo District, West Muna Regency is as follows. Loyality and \n\nobedience of Bajo ethnics are keeping ritual and pamali in the form of prohibition and \n\nforbidding and are keeping the belief to the existence of magical creature of sea guardian. \n\nThe prohibition that must be obeyed both sawi and his family member when the husband is \n\ngoing in the sea may not break pamali. Pamali is in the form of prohibition and forbidding that \n\nhave been institutionalized in the self of every fishermen of Bajo ethnics so that it forms the \n\naction and paradigm of Bajo ethnics about surroundings. This implies on the action of \n\nbalancing between human beings and papu (the God), between human and human, and \n\nbetween human and nature. \n\nPamali that is in the form of prohibition and forbidding is made use of by punggawa \n\nto influence sawi in doing his activity during going in the sea. The belief towards the sea \n\nguardian is considered as a truth. As a result, it arouses the high faith, loyality, and obedience \n\nfrom sawi towards punggawa. It is through this ideology that in turn punggawa instills and \n\nstrengthens the power of his hegemony to obtain legitimation from society of Bajo ethnics to \n\npersue his economic interest towards sawi. \n\nThe portrait of life of fishermen of Bajo ethnics at North Tiworo District initially was \n\nstill simple. They have not used modern catching-tools yet. The boat that they use was still \n\ndriven by human\u2019s energy (manual) by using oar (busae), catching-tool used is also the work \n\nof fishermen themselves. Along with the time goes, the life of Bajo ethnics at North Tiworo", "start_char_idx": 15531, "end_char_idx": 18393, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e2f12547-733e-4b75-ac25-df714c3e42ab": {"__data__": {"id_": "e2f12547-733e-4b75-ac25-df714c3e42ab", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c11211a0-8328-4bdf-a667-40c2e2d91474", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5dd10e736248401b35a12aa43c50d145c12d9d46d491fb84751eb95f742461c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c004fe53-3324-44e1-ae8e-91d62b6733ed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b26d53d33ebd4de8c261ac2d0387ef6b0c7e66bbbc6ec49c5007b538a40f6150", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nDistrict begins being influenced by modernization, the coming of modernization results in the \n\nchange of paradigm and knowledge of Bajo ethnics. The change of life pattern in the society \n\nof fishermen of Bajo ethnics appears on the using of means and traditional catching-tools that \n\nin turn becomes the using of means and modern catching-tools in the form of technological \n\napplication of mini ship of pursein 5-10 GT with catching-tool of ring dragnet that is usually \n\ncalled with gae. \n\nThe using of modern technology in fish-catching has the implication on plentiness \n\nand unplentiness of their catching-product. This condition is not only resulted in by the \n\ncapacity of exploring-power means and modern catching-tools employed, but is also caused \n\nby the shift from human\u2019s energy (manual) to machine. In addition, it is also due to specific \n\nskill from sawi in operating the abovementioned means and catching-tools. Another \n\nimplication is the change of social structure of fishermen. The fishermen of capital owner \n\n(money and production means) are categorized as punggawa, while the fishermen having \n\ncapital of energy and skill of catching fish are called as worker or sawi. Besides, the change \n\nof relational pattern that happens becomes hierarchical but does not direct to exploitative \n\nthing in which with his skill of catching fish, a sawi is employed by punggawa. The using of \n\nmeans and modern catching-tools that are given by punggawa to sawi is managed as \n\nmaximal as possible by punggawa as the media to dominate and hegemonize for the sake of \n\nobtaining profit as much as possible.  \n\nPunggawa owns the strength of money and catching-tools. Having capital strength \n\nand fish-catching-tools make punggawa to have many loyal followers in this case the group \n\nof sawi. It is the reality that makes the candidates in the election both in the level of village \n\nlike the election of village head and general election such as: legislative election, Regent \n\nelection, Governor election, and President election are more interested in approaching \n\npunggawa than sawi. Punggawa can employ his influence (power) to organize and can make \n\nhis sawi to be present to the Place of Vote-Taking for electing one of the candidates required \n\nby the punggawa. \n\nThe existence of punggawa is considered by the fishermen of sawi as the person \n\nhaving the right in deciding the direction of political support for the fishermen of Bajo ethnics \n\nparticularly for the group of sawi. The decision mentioned above has consequence if it is not \n\nfollowed. The real consequence on the denial of the abovementioned decision from \n\npunggawa is felt directly by sawi. Some of the punggawa get involved in political spaces as \n\nthe effort of strengthening the power by becoming the part of political party organizer or", "start_char_idx": 18398, "end_char_idx": 21503, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c004fe53-3324-44e1-ae8e-91d62b6733ed": {"__data__": {"id_": "c004fe53-3324-44e1-ae8e-91d62b6733ed", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e2f12547-733e-4b75-ac25-df714c3e42ab", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "dc2c2415b9b786ae9744943d62a8b4dc0ef6beea83e96830d04a3ad3d2783db8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fe6ed125-84ff-4b70-8869-3bf97a810f1c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0243e2b4609a73c6372bf33050996ac1abb8cad2b9d7adb6457ef8c97c575fdf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\nsuccess team. Even, there are also some of them that have become the member of legislative \n\nby making use of his power towards their sawi. \n\nAfter the coming of economical interest of the traders outside of North Tiworo District, \n\nit has the implication on the change of social stratification of society of Bajo ethnics. Initially, \n\nBajo ethnics knew three layers in social stratification, namely Lolo Bajo, Sandro, and Sesehe, \n\nbut currently becomes four social layers of society. The position of punggawa as the capital \n\nowner becomes the top position or first layer, the second layer is Lolo Bajo (the noblemen), \n\nthe third layer is sandro (the shaman), and the fourth layer is sesehe that changes into sawi \n\n(the worker) occupies the last layer.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAbdul Hafid. 2012. Kearifan Lokal Nelayan Bajo. Makassar. Pustaka Rekfleksi \n\n---------2014. Pengetahuan Lokal Nelayan Bajo. Pustaka Refleksi. Makassar. \n\nAlias, 2012. Kearifan Lokal Orang Bajo dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Laut. Tesis. \n\nBadan Pusat Statistik. 2015. Kabupaten Muna Dalam Angka 2015. Badan Pusat Statistik \nKabupaten Muna Barat. \n\n---------2015. Kecamatan Tiworo Utara Dalam Angka Tahun 2015. Muna Barat : Badan Pusat \nStatistik Kabupaten Muna Barat. \n\nBaskara. 2016. Islam Bajo Agama Orang Laut (Banten: Javanica).  \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 2005. The Social Structures of the Economy, Cambridge: Polity Pres. \n\n--------- 1986, \u201cThe Forms of Capital\u201d, terj. dari Bahasa Perancis oleh Richard Nice, dalam \nRichardson, J.E. (ed.), Handbook of Theory of Research for the Sociology of \nEducation,  New York: Greenword Press, hlm. 46-58. \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1983.  Structuralism and Post-Structuralism. In The Essential Foucault. The \nNew Press. New York. \n\n---------, 2002. Power/knowledge Wacana Kuasa/Pengetahuan. (Terjemahan Yudi \nSantoso).Yogyakarta : Bentang Budaya. \n\nGarna, Judistira K. 1999. Metode Penelitian Pendekatan Kualitatif. Bandung: CV Primaco \nAcademia. \n\nGramsci, Antonio. 1976. Selections From Prison Notebooks. Newyork: International \npublisher.", "start_char_idx": 21508, "end_char_idx": 23836, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fe6ed125-84ff-4b70-8869-3bf97a810f1c": {"__data__": {"id_": "fe6ed125-84ff-4b70-8869-3bf97a810f1c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c004fe53-3324-44e1-ae8e-91d62b6733ed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "83b5650019c0c4d59b2d2259d530038c674929231f4f44b507ce9400f7891748", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8fd78bea-5ba1-4949-8a29-c96a189354d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7b0d7be1ddb8b442bf3c7ea7f6e6e039290f170c578c4ef81dd6bcdfd6eedd3d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\nHamzah, Awaluddin. 2015. \u201cFishing Technology Conversion, Differentiation, And Social \nMobility of Fisherman in Lagasa Village of Muna Regency\u201d, Jurnal International \nJournal of Sustainable Tropical Agricultural Sciences. \n\nHanafi. Hussin, 2008. Diaspora Bajau Laut dan Pengekalan serta Penerusan Amalan Tradisi \ndi Sabah\u201d. Borneo Research Journal, No. 2. \n\nHarris, Z. 1991. \u201cBajo, Suku Yang Tinggal Terapung di Perairan Timur Kendari\u201d, Kendari. \nSinar Harapan. \n\nKumbara, Dkk. 2016. Pergeseran Hubungan Siwa-Sisya (Patron Klien) Dalam Keberagaman \nUmat Hindu di Kota Denpasar. Denpasar laporan hiba grup riset Udayana. \n\nLampe, Munsi dkk. 2010. Punggawa-Sawi Nelayan Bugis-Makassar dalam Analisis Relasi \nInternal Dan Eksternal,  Jurnal masyarakat & budaya, volume 17 no. 1 tahun 2015. \n\nLapian, A.B. 1987. Orang Laut, Bajak Laut, Raja Laut : Sejarah Kawasan Laut Sulawesi Abad \nXIX, Disertasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada. \n\nMaleong, Lexy J. 2003. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja rosda karya. \n\nPelras, Christian. 2009. Hubungan Patron-klien pada masyarakat Bugis dan Makassar di \nSulawesi Selatan dalam Tol, Makassar. Ininnawa \n\nSaad S. 2009. Bajo berumah di laut nusantara. Jakarta. COREMAP 11. \n\nSufirudin, 2016. Hubungan Patron-Klien di Antara Masyarakat  Nelayan Desa Kangkunawe \nKecamatan Maginti  Kabupaten Muna Barat Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal \nholistik, tahun IX no. 17a / Januari - Juni 2016. \n\nSuyuti, Nasruddin. 2011. Orang Bajo di Tengah Perubahan. Yogyakarta: Ombak. \n\nTahara, 2011. Politik Identitas Orang Bajo. Dalam:yuga, surya (ed.). Jagad Bahari Nusantara: \nTelaah Dinamika Pranata Sosial Terhadap Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Pantai, \nMelestarikan Budaya Bahari Dalam Pembangunan Kebudayaan Dan Pariwisata. \nJakarta: Kementerian kebudayaan dan Pariwisata. \n\n-------- 2013. \u201cKebangkitan Identitas orang Bajo di Kepulauan Wakatobi\u201d. Jakarta. Antropologi \nIndonesia Vol. 34 no. 1. \n\nWianti Nur Isiyana. 2011. Kapitalisme Lokal Suku Bajo (Studi Kasus Nelayan Bajo Mola dan \nMantigola, Kabupaten Wakatobi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Tesis magister, \nSekolah pascasarjana institut pertanian Bogor.  \n\nWilson M.A. Therik. 2008. Nelayan Dalam Bayang Juragan: Potret Kehidupan Nelayan \nTradisional Bajo di Tanjung Pasir, Pulau Rote, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Salatiga, \nPusat Studi Kawasan Timur Indonesia (PSKTI) Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana \n(UKSW).", "start_char_idx": 23841, "end_char_idx": 26497, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8fd78bea-5ba1-4949-8a29-c96a189354d2": {"__data__": {"id_": "8fd78bea-5ba1-4949-8a29-c96a189354d2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40625", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "5b1cf7267bca471d1d3fa5e568c1af928c11c5cbf0c92b56cc67671eaae7de1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fe6ed125-84ff-4b70-8869-3bf97a810f1c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "ea0009eebd12916ef65f7ece41a5a8ae3addcf3c45b0041c4175b263c28030a4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6120cb7d-413c-4dfd-a815-c68b3eaaed6b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5e8b0a0fa6fc32f45d37adc9ee428b3bffa829b75699a7f9d1df00049c10ecd8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\nZada Ua, Marsianus. 1996. Nelayan Bajo Lewoleba di Lembata Kab. Flores Timur Nusa \nTenggara Timur (Suatu Tinjauan Antropologi Maritim). Yogyakarta:, Jurusan \nAntropologi, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Gadjah Mada.", "start_char_idx": 26503, "end_char_idx": 26991, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6120cb7d-413c-4dfd-a815-c68b3eaaed6b": {"__data__": {"id_": "6120cb7d-413c-4dfd-a815-c68b3eaaed6b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40627", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "e17ff5fd2b0861a7d726f98d4792ea4c9a8297f373e5cf6b0dd2b57a94428b61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8fd78bea-5ba1-4949-8a29-c96a189354d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40625", "author": "Marhadi, Akhmad", "title": " POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40625.pdf"}, "hash": "92d1b75598c8c1ecbeefc40a2d5231f38bdd25d522376fdbcf4ff1cdbcd3b076", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9ca6d2df-fae2-4965-84aa-239c20ca7c12", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0dbc83c331506c4261e51b36e4b6105ed46615ea9fe5ff55c4f9511d2b83a083", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - I Gede Mudana 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 33-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\n \nBATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY,  \n\nSOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS \n \n\nI Gede Mudana1, I Ketut Sutama2, Cokorda Istri Sri Widhari3 \n123Department of Tourism, Politeknik Negeri Bali \n\nemail: 1gedemudana@pnb.ac.id,2tomsutama@gmail.com,3widhari@yahoo.co.id. \n \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nBatur region in Kintamani Subdistrict, Bangli, Bali, is at first a living place of a group \nof local people with holy, sacred markers characterized by Hinduism. The most popular holy \nmarkers are Mount Batur (1717 m), Lake Batur, and Pura (Temple) Ulun Danu Batur. Later \nBatur is known as a tourist destination where many tourists both domestic and international \ncome and go everyday. This paper describes the existence of the Batur region as a unity of \nthree things: sanctity or holiness (sacred area), social relations of the local community, and \ntourism business. This study is qualitative which its data is taken from books, journals, and \nother documents with the techniques of qualitative data analysis. \n\nThe result of the study shows there is a high complexity in Batur due to its position \nas a sanctuary (holy area), a place of community life, and a tourism area. Batur is a sacred \narea, at least because of the Mount Batur, Lake Batur, and Ulun Danu Batur Temple so that \nsuch a region is honoured by all Hindu believers in Bali and outside Bali. However, today, \nBatur is also known as a popular tourist area because the mount, the lake, and the temple \nare really very interesting to be enjoyed (or consumed as tourism products) and in fact, the \nregion is also surrounded by other beautiful tourist attractions in Batur and Kintamani, i.e. \nPenelokan, Toyabungkah, Trunyan village, agricultural fields, and a new, man-made one that \nis the Batur Global Geopark.  \n \nKeywords: mountains, lake, temple, sanctity, social relations, local community, tourist. \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nBatur is located in Kintamani sub-district, Bangli regency, Bali province. It is a name \n\nof sacred, holy (sanctity) area where one unit of the local social system lives. Even the area \n\nis not only considered sacred by the local community around Batur and Kintamani but also \n\nby the Hindu-Balinese society in general. At least in Batur there are Mount Batur (1717 m), \n\nLake Batur, and Ulun Danu Batur Temple as well which are all holy mountain, holy lake, and \n\nholy temple. Later Batur has been intensively affected by tourism industrialization.  \n\nBeside the mountain, the lake, and the temple, there are other tourist attractions, \n\nsuch as Penelokan, agrotourism, Toya Bungkah, Trunyan Village, and Geopark Global \n\nUNESCO Batur (from the English name Batur UNESCO Global Geopark) or abbreviated as \n\nBatur Geopark (Museum). It very often happens that those who at first only intend to climb", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3187, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9ca6d2df-fae2-4965-84aa-239c20ca7c12": {"__data__": {"id_": "9ca6d2df-fae2-4965-84aa-239c20ca7c12", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40627", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "e17ff5fd2b0861a7d726f98d4792ea4c9a8297f373e5cf6b0dd2b57a94428b61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6120cb7d-413c-4dfd-a815-c68b3eaaed6b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "197970b0015df494da81a5f4d5eba10044f3779748b6e67f5be402d2fe7e6964", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "643a8ce1-3990-46e7-9e6d-55c89a3c2186", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f8e1be25256f295f1160ee847be1ae5fb1dd6cc92774099a867e77b46f09c051", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 33-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\n(doing trekking tour to) Mount Batur, for instance, suddenly have a kind impulsive buying so \n\nthey finally make a decission to enjoy Lake Batur, Ulun Danu Batur Temple, Batur Geopark, \n\nPenelokan Kintamani, and other surrounding tourism products. \n\nAs its title suggests, this paper is designed to deal with a discourse of the fact that \n\nBatur is a complex place. It is because Batur is a unity among three things;  they are sanctity, \n\nsocial relations of the local society, and tourism business arena functioning the local \n\nnature/environment. Sanctity is related to the divine aspect or the God; social relationships \n\nrelated to human issues; and mountain, lake, temple, landscapes and cultural entities which \n\nare used as tourism products in Batur related to the nature and environment. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nThis research was conducted in Kintamani tourism area which was first introduced \n\nglobally by a German writer named Gregor Krause who had lived there. In 1912 he promoted \n\nKintamani which has Mount Batur, Lake Batur, Ulun Danu Batur Temple, and Penelokan. \n\nSince then Kintamani has been visited by many foreign tourists especially those from \n\nGermany. After that it stood Pelni hotel in 1922 and even two hotels in the 1930's which one \n\nof them was KPM Kintamani Hotel in Kintamani field now. The location of the other one had \n\nnot been known yet because it was burned and destroyed when Mount Batur and Mount \n\nAgung were erupted (Widiastini, 2016; https://unud.ac.id/posts/ary-widiastini-pedagang-\n\nacung-sebagai-basis-ekonomi-keluarga-di-desa-batur-tengah-kawasan-pariwisata-\n\nkintamani-bali). \n\nThis literature study is a cultural studies with a qualitative approach. The data sought \n\nis qualitative, supported by few quantitative data. The technique used is a qualitative analysis \n\ntechnique which according to Miles and Hubberman (1992: 14-19) consists of data reduction, \n\ndata presentation, and conclusion. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nKintamani located in the highlands in the north-east of Bali is one of the four sub-\n\ndistricts in Bangli Regency, Bali Province, with an area of 366.92 km2 and includes 48 villages \n\n(Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bangli, 2017). Kintamani is a fertile agricultural area and \n\nplantation. The district's caldera region is a farming center for several agricultural \n\ncommodities, such as coffee, oranges, vegetables, and red onions, which are distributed \n\nthroughout Bali and outside Bali. \"Kintamani coffee\", \"Kintamani orange\", and even", "start_char_idx": 3192, "end_char_idx": 5989, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "643a8ce1-3990-46e7-9e6d-55c89a3c2186": {"__data__": {"id_": "643a8ce1-3990-46e7-9e6d-55c89a3c2186", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40627", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "e17ff5fd2b0861a7d726f98d4792ea4c9a8297f373e5cf6b0dd2b57a94428b61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9ca6d2df-fae2-4965-84aa-239c20ca7c12", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "5e66312d882ace80322215a34e82a06f40a5461ba0bccdf505ae045fade3c911", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ea5ac99a-663e-4007-b689-053b534cd801", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1bd366aaf9614b63e92fbd17889f7b94f528df7c0a0ea5b3a2a0c37540d9ba9f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 33-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n35 \n \n\n\"Kintamani dog\" have their own brand in the images of global  people. In fact, compared to \n\nbe as a formal,  administrative district, Kintamani is much known as a popular tourist \n\ndestination or even the most popular destination in Bangli Regency (Widiastini and Mudana, \n\n2016 (https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/25272). \n\nKintamani as a popular tourist destination was first known than Batur eventhough \n\nthe centre of tourism in Kintamani is Batur itself. Being very popular, Kintamani was ever used \n\nas a theme of a movie in the 1970s titled \"Kabut di Kintamani\" (Fog in Kintamani) and then in \n\n1990s there was a beautiful song \"Nyanyian Rindu\" (Song of Longing) from the legendary \n\nIndonesian musician Ebiet G Ade which its lyrics contain poetical words \"... sejuk lembut \n\nangin di Bukit Kintamani\u2026\u201d (cool, soft wind in Kintamani Hill... \".) Anyhow, today, Kintamani \n\nis as popular as Batur. Even the two words (\u201cKintamani\u201d and \u201cBatur\u201d)  are almost synonimous, \n\nmoreover the later (Batur) has now a new tourist attraction, i.e. the global geopark. \n\nLike Mount Agung (1,342 m) which is the highest mountain in Bali, Mount Batur is a \n\nsacred mountain  (Mudana, I Gede, Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri 2017, \n\nhttps://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/33150; Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; \n\nWidhari, Cokorda Istri Sri 2017a, https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/ \n\nview/35152; Mudana , I Gede, Sutama, I Ketut, Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri 2017b, \n\nhttp://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/SOSHUM/article/view/717). In Bali, not only Mount Batur, other \n\nmountains, as well as all high places in general, are sacred areas. If Mount Agung is \n\npositioned as lingga or purusa (male), Mount Batur is yoni or pradana (female) and if Mount \n\nBatur is a phallus or purusa (male), Lake Batur is yoni or pradana (female) (Sumarta, 2015). \n\nMount Batur can be said to represent fire while Lake Batur water. The synergy between men \n\nand women or between fire and water is the source of life and prosperity of the local society \n\n(Absir, 2015).  \n\nMount Batur is surrounded by a number of temples. Besides Ulun Danu Batur \n\nTemple, there is a temple called Jati Temple which is the main starting point for climbing to \n\nMount Batur. According to Sad Winayaka conception, a temple is always established to \n\nmotivate the spiritual existence. The aim is to improve the moral nobility and mental \n\nendurance of the community in building natural circumstances (bhuwana \n\nagung/macrocosmos) and the human ones (bhuwana alit/microcosmos). It was found many \n\nlontar (papyrus) which mentions Sad Kahyangan temple is a manifestation of the \n\ndevelopment of togetherness with the Sad Winayaka conception (Wiana, 2018). Sad means \n\nsix; kahyangan is great, main temple. In relation to the two words, there is kertih which means", "start_char_idx": 5994, "end_char_idx": 9150, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ea5ac99a-663e-4007-b689-053b534cd801": {"__data__": {"id_": "ea5ac99a-663e-4007-b689-053b534cd801", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40627", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "e17ff5fd2b0861a7d726f98d4792ea4c9a8297f373e5cf6b0dd2b57a94428b61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "643a8ce1-3990-46e7-9e6d-55c89a3c2186", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "af3fa61eded89050c7e3a4bdd37fc51f623c633487627aaff9a84fef9bd72fa3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1dc84068-ba63-42b3-abef-6757e7a0884b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9d717fb919c79fe86da2dfd64f0ff8c7ebf07f8ed8c4d4af3c2f23eca8997e8d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 33-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n36 \n \n\nreligious ritual practice. Sad Kahyangan includes major temples in Bali, namely Besakih \n\nTemple, Lempuyang Temple, Goa Lawah Temple, Luhur Uluwatu Temple, Batur Temple, \n\nand Pusering Jagat Temple. Sad Kertih consists of atma kertih (religious ritual practice \n\nrelating to the soul or paramatma of every bhuwana alit or living creature), samudra kertih \n\n(religious ritual practice relating to the sea), wana kertih (religious ritual practice relating to \n\nthe forest), danu kertih (religious ritual practice relating to the water, including lake), jagat \n\nkertih (religious ritual practice relating to the social life of community), and jana kertih \n\n(religious ritual practice relating to individuals). In this case, the mountain (Mount Batur) is \n\nlinked to the wana kertih and the lake (Lake Batur) to the danu kertih. \n\nIn Bali there is also Padma Bhuwana conception as a foundation to build Padma \n\nBhuwana temple in nine directions in Bali. The nine directions are eight directions (northeast, \n\neast, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, and north) plus one in the centre. In the \n\nnortheast there is Besakih Temple (Karangasem Regency); in the east Lempuyang Luhur \n\nTemple (Karangasem Regency); in the southeast Goa Lawah Temple (Klungkung Regency); \n\nin the south Andakasa Temple (Kabupaten Karangasem Regency); in the southwest \n\nWatukaru Temple (Tabanan Regency); in the northwest Puncak Mangu Temple (Badung \n\nRegency); in the north Batur Temple; and in the middle (centre)  Pusering Jagat temple \n\n(Gianyar Regency) (Wiana, 2018).  \n\nMount Batur is a very good site for climbing/trekking tourists, both actual and \n\npotential ones. There are at least 300 tourists enjoy the beauty of Mount Batur everyday. \n\nThere are hundreds of tourists enjoying the beauty of Lake Batur evryday. An average of 90 \n\nvisitors visit an educational tour at the museum (Batur Geopark) everyday. All the amounts \n\ndo not include a lot of tourists who visit Penelokan with its scenic beauty, Toya Bungkah which \n\nhas natural hot water recreation area, Trunyan Village with its unique culture in cremation \n\nritual, agro-tourism in Kintamani with its commodities, such as coffee, orange, and red onion. \n\nThus, the Kintamani community, especially the Batur community, enjoy the activities \n\nof the tourism industrialization in the area today. This means that, in addition to being farmers, \n\nquite a lot of the Batur (and Kintamani) community members are involved in tourism services, \n\nsuch as climbing/trekking guides and general tour guides, hotel and restaurant workers, and \n\nother tourism industry workers, including pedagang acung (vendoring merchants). \n\nClimbing/trekking guides in Mount Batur are about 100 people. In Kabupaten Bangli dalam \n\nAngka 2017 (2017), there are 18 non-star hotels, 214 rooms, 297 beds, and 169 workers \n\n(non-star hotel) in Kintamani sub-district. Widiastini (2016; (https://unud.ac.id/posts/ary-", "start_char_idx": 9155, "end_char_idx": 12388, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1dc84068-ba63-42b3-abef-6757e7a0884b": {"__data__": {"id_": "1dc84068-ba63-42b3-abef-6757e7a0884b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40627", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "e17ff5fd2b0861a7d726f98d4792ea4c9a8297f373e5cf6b0dd2b57a94428b61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ea5ac99a-663e-4007-b689-053b534cd801", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "99f79a3b021e32cd14bb2c818e5fa5e180b9dad23c80cf2b673518bd70a32d4c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "390fe484-b280-486f-b126-4edc7316d8ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "df2588b6b9596117613b2079fdb9e84c9adf8d3fed16db529ef65083f4ef5309", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 33-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n37 \n \n\nwidiastini-pedagang-acung-sebagai-basis-ekonomi-keluarga-di-desa-batur-tengah-\n\nkawasan-pariwisata-kintamani-bali) shows, in 2015, there were 168 pedagang acung who \n\noperated in Kintamani area. \n\nHere, the relationships among sanctity, residential area for social life, and tourism \n\nbusiness are theoretically connected with trihita karana paradigm (tri = three, hita = balanced \n\nmaterial-spiritual happiness, karana = cause), a local knowledge which can now can be said \n\nto be the Balinese culture itself. Trihita karana (Kaler, 1989) concerns with (1) the \n\nrelationships between man and God the Creator, (2) the relationship between man and other \n\nman, and (3) the relationship between man and nature environment. The first relationship is \n\ncalled parhyangan; the second pawongan; the last palemahan. So that, the shrine area in \n\nBatur is a parhyangan. The residential area of the local population where the social activities \n\noperate is pawongan. Tourism business areas that function the physical area of Batur and \n\nKintamani (the mountain, the lake, the temple, the geopark, etc) is palemahan. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS  \n\nAt this time Batur is known as a popular tourist area because, in addition to Mount \n\nBatur, Lake Batur, and Ulun Danu Batur Temple, there are also some other interesting tourist \n\nattractions, such as Penelokan (for sight-seeing), Toyabungkah (hot water recreation), \n\nTrunyan village area (a unique cremation process toward the dead body), and the new tourist \n\nattraction that is a man-made one, i.e. the Batur Geopark Museum.  \n\nBatur is an increasingly complex area. If at first Batur is only a place of life for a group \n\nof people with the rules and boundaries of its sanctity but now partly transformed into a \n\nmodern tourist area. In the trihita karana, holiness or sacradness in Batur region is related to \n\ndivinity aspect or parhyangan. Social relations of the local community are related to \n\npawongan. Tourism business that utilizes mountain, lake, and natural scenery is associated \n\nwith nature and environment or palemahan. \n\nIn this case, it is suggested that all parties must involve in a more intensive way, both \n\ngovernment, the tourism industry, and the local society maintaining the equilibrium between \n\nthe two worlds: worldly (economic materiality) and divinity (spirituality) or sekala and niskala. \n\nIn a developing country like Indonesia, the role of structure, in this case the governments (the \n\nstate) and the related industry (tourism), is important because the community is very often \n\njust a hegemonic victim of the relationship between the state and the economic capital of the \n\ntourism industry.", "start_char_idx": 12392, "end_char_idx": 15368, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "390fe484-b280-486f-b126-4edc7316d8ec": {"__data__": {"id_": "390fe484-b280-486f-b126-4edc7316d8ec", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40627", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "e17ff5fd2b0861a7d726f98d4792ea4c9a8297f373e5cf6b0dd2b57a94428b61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1dc84068-ba63-42b3-abef-6757e7a0884b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "05e43b0c59649b7f2f417a3373153acb02b0a162f2413f0904f0d5ee8aecd952", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "eac8dcfa-b77e-4e0f-9d9f-6a98ce69317e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ee9ae4735b5d899e70ae7818cb084a1c01d49ef28b3a45aefa0a4b6fa23296c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 33-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n38 \n \n\n \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGMENT \n\nOn this occasion, the authors thank the E-Journal of Cultural Studies very much for \n\npublishing this paper. Of course the authors are also grateful to the various parties who have \n\nsupported this study. \n\n \n \nREFERENCES \n\nAbsir, I Wayan. 2015. \u201cMenjadikan Batur the Nirwana of Bali\u201d in I Ketut Sumarta, Batur \nJantung Peradaban Air Bali. Denpasar: Wisnu Press, p. 111-141. \n\nBadan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bangli. 2017. Kabupaten Bangli dalam Angka 2016. Bangli: \nBPS Kabupaten Bangli. \n\nKaler, I Gusti Ketut. 1983. Butir-butir Tercecer tentang Adat Bali 2. Denpasar: Bali Agung. \n\nMiles, Matthew B. dan Michael A. Huberman. 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif. Jakarta: UII \nPress. \n\nMudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri. 2017. \u201cEntrepreneural Figure of \nMount Agung Trekking Guides\u201d. E-Journal of Cultural Studies, [S.l.], p. 1-7. ISSN \n2338-2449. Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/33150>. \nDate accessed: 02 june 2018.  \n\nMudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri. 2017a. \u201cKepeloporan \nKewirausahaan Memandu Pendakian Daya Tarik Wisata Gunung Agung, \nKarangasem, Bali\u201d. Journal of Bali Studies, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 19-38. ISSN 2580-\n0698. Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/35152>. \nDate accessed: 02 june 2018.  \n\nMudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri. 2017b. \u201cModel Kewirausahaan \nMemandu Wisata Mendaki Gunung Agung di Desa Selat, Karangasem\u201d. Soshum : \nJurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 3, p. 324-333. ISSN 2580-5622. Available \nat: <http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/SOSHUM/article/view/717>. Date accessed: 02 \njune 2018.  \n\nSumarta, I Ketut. 2015. Batur Jantung Peradaban Air Bali. Denpasar: Wisnu Press. \n\nWiana, I Ketut. 2018. \u201cImplementasi Filosofi dan Konsepsi Pembangunan Bali (Bagian VII, \nRubrik Wija Kasaur): Empat Fungsi Kebersamaan Universal\u201d, Pos Bali, Sunday, 20 \nMay, p. 1.    \n\nWidiastini, Ni Made Ary. 2016. \u201cPedagang Acung sebagai Basis Ekonomi Keluarga di Desa \nBatur Tengah, Kawasan Pariwisata Kintamani, Bangli\u201d, dissertation, Program \nDoktor, Program Studi Kajian Budaya, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas", "start_char_idx": 15373, "end_char_idx": 17868, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "eac8dcfa-b77e-4e0f-9d9f-6a98ce69317e": {"__data__": {"id_": "eac8dcfa-b77e-4e0f-9d9f-6a98ce69317e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-40627", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "e17ff5fd2b0861a7d726f98d4792ea4c9a8297f373e5cf6b0dd2b57a94428b61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "390fe484-b280-486f-b126-4edc7316d8ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "39f94d10522e6f50aaeee3262cedc63af6827d0008dab691f79e9462f2d120d3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1b3f8d02-e458-4f0c-9ee9-1068dc203ca1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6bf9645927ef1360df070942eb4de091d4a54286aa0808e12931b88feb33ea7e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 33-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                     https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n39 \n \n\nUdayana, Denpasar (https://unud.ac.id/posts/ary-widiastini-pedagang-acung-\nsebagai-basis-ekonomi-keluarga-di-desa-batur-tengah-kawasan-pariwisata-\nkintamani-bali). Date accessed: 15 june 2018. \n\nWidiastini, Ni Made Ary; Mudana, I Gede.  2016. \u201cSocial Practice of Pedagang Acung \n(Vendors) at Kintamani Tourist Area, Bangli, Bali\u201d. E-Journal of Cultural Studies, \n[S.l.], p. 1-11, may 2016. ISSN 2338-2449. Available at: \nhttps://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/article/view/25272. Date accessed: 07 june \n2018.", "start_char_idx": 17873, "end_char_idx": 18676, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1b3f8d02-e458-4f0c-9ee9-1068dc203ca1": {"__data__": {"id_": "1b3f8d02-e458-4f0c-9ee9-1068dc203ca1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52986", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "da61162de23626be69c0e1f5c846185fb9c154c54ab84d579946781a2227aa0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "eac8dcfa-b77e-4e0f-9d9f-6a98ce69317e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-40627", "author": "Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri", "title": " BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE\u2019S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS", "date": "2018-08-01", "file": "ecs-40627.pdf"}, "hash": "fc398f686aa06302315710ecd3719886e7434cc378ae8c86d6229ca70ffb6115", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "df7ad943-80ff-41e6-829e-c0ec15d54293", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "35b3fc6abb5948d1230f2e130e5fecb639b4bcde05c35d878b8258a70551953a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - ARTIKEL RAHMAWATI\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                        November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\nDICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG \nTAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION \n\nNi Nyoman Rahmawati1,  A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara2, \nI Ketut Suda3, Ni Made Ruastiti4 \n\n12Cultural Studies Program Faculty of Art Udayana University, 3Lecturer of UNHI \n\nDenpasar,4Institute of the Arts of Indonesia Denpasar \n\nemail: 1ninyomanrahmawati0202@gmail.com, \n2anom_kumbara@unud.ac.id,4nimaderuastiti@gmail.com \n\n \n \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n\nThe difference in religious ideology in the Dayak Katingan family in the village of Tewang \nTampang in reality does not trigger conflict, they always live in harmony and harmony. This \ncan be seen from their intimacy and togetherness in daily social interactions. However, behind \nthis harmony there is also a struggle for religious ideology in the practice of tradition. For this \nreason, the purpose of this study was focused on knowing how the Dayak Katingan family in \nTewang Tampang Village articulated its diversity and outlined its implications for harmony in \nthe family. This study uses a qualitative method. Data sources are primary and secondary \ndata. Data was collected through participant observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and \ndocument studies. Determination of informants was conducted purposively and Snowball, the \ntheories used were phenomenology theory, hermeneutic theory, and communicative action \ntheory. The results showed that the way the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang Tampang \nvillage articulated their family traditions in a different way between Kaharingan Hindus, Islam \nand Christianity. This can be seen from the articulation presented by them, namely the Hindu \nKaharingan people articulating tradition as part of religious rituals and in practice based on \nestablished rules. Meanwhile Muslims and Christians only articulate tradition as part of Dayak \ncustoms and culture and in practice adapts to the teachings of the religion adhered to. This \ndifference in articulation of tradition has implications for religious attitudes in the family such \nas the opening of a space for dialogue, a tolerant attitude of religion, and a strengthening of \nfamily relations. \n\nKeywords: Articulation, religiosity, implications, diction \n\n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nThe plurality of religion in the Dayak katingan family in Tewang Tampang Village is \n\ninseparable from the government policy that does not recognize local religion and requires \n\nthe Dayak tribe to choose one of the official religions that exist. This made the Dayak tribe \n\nwho used to be the majority of Kaharingan religions to convert to Hinduism, Islam and", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2982, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "df7ad943-80ff-41e6-829e-c0ec15d54293": {"__data__": {"id_": "df7ad943-80ff-41e6-829e-c0ec15d54293", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52986", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "da61162de23626be69c0e1f5c846185fb9c154c54ab84d579946781a2227aa0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1b3f8d02-e458-4f0c-9ee9-1068dc203ca1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "519716d95ca90e7eef0ebf10f81cf7ed2b664dc119ba363f3ba16853597fa56f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a871766c-b501-4432-8913-db634bb95c1e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ae29c7aec20266e6fdd2162b8bcfc3fad004958e914b615c9b602fc80e6f909e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                        November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\nChristianity, resulting in a plurality of religions in the family. However, the plurality of these \n\nreligions does not trigger conflict, they even live harmoniously and harmoniously. This can be \n\nseen from their intimacy and togetherness in living their daily lives. This reality is different \n\nfrom the opinion expressed by Durkheim who said that potential religious plurality of conflicts \n\ncan invite controversy even though, ontologically religion originates from a single reality and \n\nesoterically all religions teach the same thing, namely about love, mercy, and dharma, but , \n\nin reality the religion is ambivalent, on the other hand with the teachings of its love of religion \n\nbeing a factor of social unity on one side of religion is also a factor of division (Arifin, 2005; \n\n7). \n\nThe harmony and harmony of the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang Tampang Village \n\nnot only occurs in daily social interactions, but also occurs in religious practices carried out \n\nsuch as in the implementation of traditional rituals and religious holidays. Harmony and \n\nharmony are inseparable from the way they interpret and articulate their religiousness in their \n\ndaily lives so that although different religions are still able to live in harmony and side by side \n\nwith each other. For this reason, the research is focused on understanding the way the Dayak \n\nKatingan family in Tewang Tampang Village articulates its religion and its implications for \n\nharmony in the family. \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nThis study uses qualitative methods with a cultural study approach. Data sources are \n\nprimary and secondary data, data collected through observation techniques, in-depth \n\ninterviews, and document review. Informants are determined purposively and snow ball. The \n\nmain instruments in this study were the researchers themselves with several tools such as \n\ninterview guidelines, video camera, voice recorders, and stationery. Data is presented \n\nthrough three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and   verification of data and \n\nconclusion. \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nArticulation of Traditions in the Dayak Katingan Family in Tewang Tampang Village \n\nThe tradition of the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang Tampang Village is part of \n\nKaharingan teachings which are considered sacred and are still practiced today. This tradition \n\nis not only practiced by Hindus Kaharingan but also by Muslims and Christians even though \n\nin practice there is a difference as a form of interpretation that is carried out on the teachings", "start_char_idx": 2987, "end_char_idx": 5817, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a871766c-b501-4432-8913-db634bb95c1e": {"__data__": {"id_": "a871766c-b501-4432-8913-db634bb95c1e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52986", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "da61162de23626be69c0e1f5c846185fb9c154c54ab84d579946781a2227aa0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "df7ad943-80ff-41e6-829e-c0ec15d54293", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "d56cd89cd25d36c477397d85a76b390fefc9cc0c477db06d61c4adb2289f0156", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2bf7f750-a134-492e-b893-15469237df57", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ba61354f1f5d97a79dff1fb31f86ad51d713d9c443a4c2e26239521800c9d9a7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                        November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nof the religion adhered to. Interpretation is an attempt to dismantle the meanings that are still \n\nveiled or attempt to open the folds of the levels of meaning contained in a text (Sumaryono, \n\n1999: 23).  \n\nThe interpretation of religion as a doctrine and text in the midst of society is always \n\nunderstood through the knowledge possessed by its adherents. This knowledge can be a \n\nculture that has long lived and developed around them. Likewise with the Dayak Katingan \n\nfamily in Tewang Tampang Village who live in religious differences, in articulating their \n\nreligiosity related to the practice of tradition which is still carried out based on various \n\nknowledge originating from Kaharingan teachings as the initial beliefs shared together. This \n\nhas led to differences in articulating traditions in religious practices carried out. \n\nArticulation of Traditions for Hindu Kaharingan People \n\nHindu Kaharingan is a Kaharingan religion that has integrated with Hinduism. In the \n\nsense of Hinduism, especially those believed by the people in Tewang Tampang Village, \n\nKatingan Regency in its application of its teaching teachings is still heavily influenced by the \n\nKaharingan religious teachings, including various family traditions such as maintaining \n\nsupernatural beings (sahur parapah) as family protectors, respect for ancestral spirits \n\n(parasih pambak / parasih kubur), self-purification (hasaki palas) and many others. These \n\ntraditions are seen as sacred because they are believed to be the direct teachings revealed \n\nby Ranying Hatalla (God) through the Bawi Ayah (the angels) who were revealed to the world \n\nto teach the procedure of life for the descendants of King Bunu (successor to human life) in \n\nthe world (danum kalunen). \n\nThese traditions by Hindus Kaharingan in their religions are articulated as part of \n\nreligious rituals that are considered sacred so that in the implementation they must be based \n\non the rules set out in the Panaturan book (the Hindu Kaharingan religious book). For Hindus \n\nKaharingan violates the existing rules is a behavior that can bring pali (things that are not \n\ngood). According to Buhol (2016: 224) Pali in the Dayak belief has existed together with the \n\nwill of Ranying Hatalla for life in the world. Pali is a taboo or prohibition that has been passed \n\ndown through generations, obeyed, and obeyed. If a violation occurs, it can cause painful \n\nconsequences, even inviting death. \n\nArticulation of tradition as part of religious rituals that are sacred in the diversity of \n\nHindus Kaharingan manifests in the form of behaviors such as expectations, prayers and \n\nactions that are carried out daily, among others, surrender all self and family protection to the \n\nsahur parapah as the Ranying Hatalla (God) entity who descends to the world to protect his", "start_char_idx": 5822, "end_char_idx": 8943, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2bf7f750-a134-492e-b893-15469237df57": {"__data__": {"id_": "2bf7f750-a134-492e-b893-15469237df57", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52986", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "da61162de23626be69c0e1f5c846185fb9c154c54ab84d579946781a2227aa0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a871766c-b501-4432-8913-db634bb95c1e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "4ab016437e097cb211f2da417eeb3912ed5f5b4386caecd0088dd6efe02d50b8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2a4d84f7-9e25-4315-b66e-4ff50dd1b708", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c1d4da3ee4f9cc382706c2c13b8955df2b4230f7a451a07b2994d31cabb4be77", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                        November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\npeople. Thus they always establish a harmonious relationship by making offerings in the form \n\nof animals, food, drinks as a form of expression of gratitude that they call rituals of parapah \n\nsahur food and are carried out once a year. \n\nArticulation of Traditions for Muslims \n\nMuslims in Tewang Tampang Village are Dayak tribes who were once Hindu \n\nKaharingan religion. They converted because of government policies that required choosing \n\nthe official religion. However, despite adhering to Islam in the practice of religion, it is still \n\ninfluenced by Kaharingan teachings such as believing in the existence of supernatural beings \n\nas a protector of the family, the existence of ancestral spirits and so on. However, in its \n\ninterpretation there was a difference with Kaharingan people. Muslims in Tewang Tampang \n\nVillage only interpret family traditions as part of Dayak customs and culture, so that anyone \n\nwho considers himself a Dayak and recognizes Dayak culture may practice it. \n\nThe articulation of Muslims towards family traditions as part of customs and culture is \n\ninseparable from the differences in ideology of the new religion that is believed. Islam in its \n\nteachings strongly prohibits its people from believing in gods other than Allah. This kind of \n\naction is classified as shirk and the practice is said to be murky. As stated by Muti'ah (2009: \n\n16) that Islam has a divine concept that is centered only on one God. In the concept of \n\nmonotheism, the central concept which contains the teaching that God is the center of all \n\nthings, and humans must devote themselves completely to Him. This concept of monotheism \n\nhas further doctrinal implications that the purpose of human life is nothing but worshiping Him. \n\nDokrin said that life must be oriented to serving God, which is the key to the whole teaching \n\nof Islam. \n\nThe existence of Islamic teachings that prohibit people from worshiping anything other \n\nthan Allah encourages inner struggle for Muslims who still want to practice family traditions. \n\nThis influences various interpretations in an effort to rationalize their understanding of existing \n\ntraditions so that they can coexist with religious teachings that embraced. \n\nArticulation of Traditions for Christians \n\nIn line with Islam, Christians also have doctrine as a command of Allah which forbids \n\nhis people to worship other than Allah. This Dokrin refers to the ten commandments of Allah \n\nknown as the ten words of God, the Ten Commandments in Christian teachings are God's \n\nlaw that must be obeyed and become the basis of morality for them, including (1) Do not be \n\nwith you other Gods before me (Ex. 20 : 3), meaning that it is not permissible to worship and \n\nenslave oneself to other Gods, for example believing in magical power and superstition,", "start_char_idx": 8948, "end_char_idx": 12055, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2a4d84f7-9e25-4315-b66e-4ff50dd1b708": {"__data__": {"id_": "2a4d84f7-9e25-4315-b66e-4ff50dd1b708", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52986", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "da61162de23626be69c0e1f5c846185fb9c154c54ab84d579946781a2227aa0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2bf7f750-a134-492e-b893-15469237df57", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "76f359d1b61849f6355f94d53f55672925d380654be60d311cda5a5a79898a40", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bc721560-7545-4810-874b-1eaa6b0eaf4e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1a3b7ae9e0cf8e7200cce694bbff2e0cc9714c587d52b9716161fdec5f4adedb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                        November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\npraying to the spirits of ancestors or to spirits who control stones, trees, etc., save and trust \n\ntalismans, and other objects; (2) do not make and worship idols (Ex. 20: 4-6), this second \n\ncommandment emphasizes how to worship God must be the right way, not through sculpture, \n\nsuch actions are said to be sinful. \n\nMansur (2011: 201-203) also said that in its history Protestant Christians strongly \n\nprotested the practices of idolatry worship in the Roman Catholic Church because Roman \n\nCatholic worship was considered to have been affected by paganism. For example, by \n\nmaking and purifying images / statues of Jesus Christ, Mary, Paul, Pertrus, and other religions \n\n(holy objects). Therefore in the Roman Catholic Church there are many statues and relics. \n\nSuch circumstances are seen as violations of the AL-Book, both the Old Testament and the \n\nNew Testament books. However, Christians in Tewang Tampang Village who have a \n\nbackground in Kaharingan culture articulate their religious differences, especially in \n\ninterpreting family traditions in their religion. Similar to Muslims, Christians also interpret \n\nfamily traditions as only part of Kaharingan customs and culture. So that in practice there is \n\nan adjustment to the teachings of the religion adopted. Like the use of animal blood in the \n\nhasaki palas ritual is replaced by using water or egg white. Thus they can still practice it. \n\nThe Articulation Implications of Religion of the Dayak Katingan Family in Tewang \n\nVillage Look Against Family Harmony \n\nThe difference in religious articulation of the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang \n\nTampang Village as described above has implications for the opening of dialogue space, \n\ntolerant religious practices, and strengthening family relations. The opening of the space for \n\ninterfaith dialogue in the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang Tampang Village is inseparable \n\nfrom the awareness of the importance of sharing communication as a way out to overcome \n\nthe differences in ideology of the religion adopted. \n\nThe space for interfaith dialogue in Tewang Tampang Village is a space for non-formal \n\ndialogue that occurs naturally along with the more pluralism of the religions adopted. There \n\nare many places that are used as dialogue spaces in Tewang Tampang Village, including \n\ngardens, fields, rivers, family rooms, kitchens, and many others. This happens because of \n\nthe similarities in various activities in daily life, such as working as rubber tappers, gold \n\nminers, fishermen, joint gardening, and many others. This is in line with the opinion expressed \n\nby Latane that dialogue between individuals can be formed is actually caused by individuals \n\nnot in an isolated situation. They interact with each other in a social space (social space),", "start_char_idx": 12060, "end_char_idx": 15137, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bc721560-7545-4810-874b-1eaa6b0eaf4e": {"__data__": {"id_": "bc721560-7545-4810-874b-1eaa6b0eaf4e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52986", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "da61162de23626be69c0e1f5c846185fb9c154c54ab84d579946781a2227aa0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2a4d84f7-9e25-4315-b66e-4ff50dd1b708", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "02a4f745de68d20ee30f24894a036c4bd38a75c93a0e4c7533199fa320d39144", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9b4e8123-fc4c-46c9-b107-935132fc3cb5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fbfd97c3c34cb98e183e1c4958719e50988223f349f7cd40ef5748f25562827c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                        November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\nwhich is an area that allows them to meet, communicate, and try to influence each other \n\n(Rahardjo, 2005: 250). \n\nIn addition to the open space for dialogue, it also has implications for the attitude of \n\ntolerant diversity. This tolerance of religious attitude can be said as a dynamic attitude of \n\ntolerance, namely tolerance which is built as an active awareness in every family to realize \n\ncooperation in order to create harmony in society. This tolerance does not only manifest as \n\nmutual respect for religious differences, but also in the form of mutual assistance to one \n\nanother. This can be seen in the ritual implementation of parapah sahur food carried out by \n\nWardi on 10-11 December 2016. \n\nDuring the ritual ritual of the parapah sahur food carried out by Wardi for two days at \n\nhis home, family, neighbors, both those who were Hindu Kaharingan, Islam, and Christians, \n\nboth came to help regardless of the differences in religion they had. They look familiar, gather \n\nto help what can be helped while joking. Related to this, Mariatie who was present at the time \n\nof the ritual said that it was indeed difficult to distinguish between those who were Hindu \n\nKaharingan, Islam and Christianity. They blend in regardless of religious differences \n\n(interview, 11 December 2016). This is in line with the expression conveyed by H.M. Ali (1989: \n\n83) states that tolerance is someone's roomy attitude to respect and allow adherents of other \n\nreligions to carry out their worship according to the teachings and provisions of their \n\nrespective religions without anyone disturbing or imposing, both by others and their families. \n\nThe dynamic religious tolerance in the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang Tampang \n\nVillage can be seen from the understanding and at the same time real actions taken in \n\neveryday life. Understanding of religious tolerance in the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang \n\nTampang Village is not only limited to a negative understanding, but also tolerance is \n\nunderstood positively, namely tolerance that is understood not only limited to allowing and \n\nnot hurting other people or groups, both religious and the same, but also indicated by \n\ncooperative action. This means that there is support and assistance for other religions, such \n\nas helping each other and visiting when one of the different religious families is celebrating a \n\nreligious holiday, such as Nyepi, Christmas and Eid al-Fitr. As shown in the picture below.", "start_char_idx": 15142, "end_char_idx": 17904, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9b4e8123-fc4c-46c9-b107-935132fc3cb5": {"__data__": {"id_": "9b4e8123-fc4c-46c9-b107-935132fc3cb5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52986", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "da61162de23626be69c0e1f5c846185fb9c154c54ab84d579946781a2227aa0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bc721560-7545-4810-874b-1eaa6b0eaf4e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "6a4c473f1146b2220e1dfa67a7c397a66ba1ff21fb577a9e04f800de351c5b72", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5f2662bf-12ed-4308-bfb1-4cce82c6da8e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8f38a20faf10aa7b77e992bf88669eb85e6798dee86b0deae651556fc936741d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                        November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\n \n\n \n\n   \n\n  \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n\nFigure 7.3 Christmas Celeberation  \nDocument: Rahmawati, 2016 \n\n \nRelated to the picture above, Ernawati said that in her family every year she always \n\ngathered alternately in the house of her brother who was celebrating her religious holiday. \n\nLike the Christmas celebrations on December 25, 2016 they gathered at his sister's house in \n\nKasongan to help prepare for Christmas needs and then take part in enjoying the dishes. The \n\nopening of dialogue space and a tolerant religious attitude in the family also made the bond \n\nof brotherhood in the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang Tampang Village even stronger. This \n\ncan be seen from (1) intimacy (intimacy) in the family, (2) Support of emotions (emotional \n\nsupport), family with each other, and (3) acceptance (acceptance) or no rejection between \n\nthem. \n\nIntimacy (intimacy) in the family in general can be seen from intimacy, warmth, and a \n\nsense of belonging to one another. The intimacy in the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang \n\nTampang Village is very clear when they together unwind after work. They both sit on the \n\nterrace of the house available while discussing light things about the work that has been done \n\nin their daily lives. \n\nSupport for emotional support. Every person, the family in living life sometimes has to \n\nexperience a fall, maybe because of illness, accidents, and other problems. At times like this, \n\nemotional support is needed, both from family, neighbors, and closest friends. Emotional \n\nattitude like this is very strong shown in the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang Village Looks \n\nlike visiting a sick family, helps when there is a ritual, and so if there is an accident.", "start_char_idx": 17924, "end_char_idx": 19925, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5f2662bf-12ed-4308-bfb1-4cce82c6da8e": {"__data__": {"id_": "5f2662bf-12ed-4308-bfb1-4cce82c6da8e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52986", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "da61162de23626be69c0e1f5c846185fb9c154c54ab84d579946781a2227aa0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9b4e8123-fc4c-46c9-b107-935132fc3cb5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "06576d3d14c7987c4cfbeae95a3fc31fe501e02b3babccaaaec911af199fedd5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1b2fd4c8-f247-4a53-888e-4907a4c2b970", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "180b3c15c6e9c390e2c3c23177b02f337c687d99fecae1224fe0d08a5231db29", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                        November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nAcceptance (acceptance) or no rejection between them, with others. This factor is \n\ncharacterized by intimacy, warmth, and a sense of belonging to one another. An open attitude \n\nin accepting various differences in the family is very influential on intimacy (intimacy) with \n\neach other, this factor is characterized by intimacy, warmth, and a sense of belonging to one \n\nanother. \n\nBrotherhood relations in a family are usually influenced by various things, such as the \n\nintensity of togetherness, caring between one another, affection, and many others. Stocker \n\net al. (1997) said that the closeness of a brother is very determined by factors, such as: (1) \n\nintimacy with each other, this factor is characterized by intimacy, warmth, and a sense of \n\nbelonging to one another; (2) affection, this factor concerns the attention, love, deep feelings \n\nof the individual has towards his siblings and vice versa; (3) admiration (admiration) which is \n\ncharacterized by a sense of pride and respect for their siblings, both because of achievement, \n\nphysical appearance and behavior; (4) emotional support, which is characterized by \n\nemotional support received by individuals and their vice versa. This emotional support, like \n\nhugs, touches, and constructive words; (5) instrumental support in the form of material \n\nresources and advice; (6) acceptance of the absence of rejection between siblings; (7) \n\nknowledge is related to knowing one another, such as personal problems, daily activities, and \n\nso on. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nThe way the Dayak Katingan family in Tewang village articulates family traditions in \n\ndifferent religions between Kaharingan Hindus, Islam, and Christians. Hindu Kaharingan \n\npeople articulate family traditions as part of religious rituals that are sacred and in their \n\nimplementation are based on existing rules. On the one hand Muslims and Christians \n\narticulate family traditions in their religions only as part of Dayak customs and culture that can \n\nbe practiced by anyone who feels himself a Dayak, and in its implementation is adapted to \n\nthe rules of the religion adopted. \n\nThe difference in articulating the tradition in the diversity of the Dayak Katingan family in \n\nTewang Tampang Village is that the harmony of the family is like opening up a space for \n\ndialogue, tolerant religious attitudes, and strengthening family relations. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES", "start_char_idx": 19930, "end_char_idx": 22616, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1b2fd4c8-f247-4a53-888e-4907a4c2b970": {"__data__": {"id_": "1b2fd4c8-f247-4a53-888e-4907a4c2b970", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52986", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "da61162de23626be69c0e1f5c846185fb9c154c54ab84d579946781a2227aa0d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5f2662bf-12ed-4308-bfb1-4cce82c6da8e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "94a01f365566cfc935e3576814553dbcaf11904a35fea70a76a6606f73239d94", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dc828acb-afe0-4c89-a2d5-5ed7dca99f03", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d3fc4c8c041ec308ddb548b7c9e013ef5c92e83b1b385d02ccf8dc579345ab23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                        November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\nArifin, Syamsul, 2005, \u201cRelevansi Gagasan Multikulturalisme Dalam Masyarakat Berbeda \nAgama\u201d (makalah disampaikan dalam Seminar Nasional Etika Multikultur di Auditorium \nGedung Benedictus lt.4 Unika Widya Mandala Jl. Diyono 42-44 Surabaya tgl. 22 \nOkrober 2005). \n\nBudiyono. 1983. Membina Kerukunan Hidup Antar Umat Beragama. Yogjakarta: IAIN Sunan \nKalijaga Press \n\nBuhol, dkk. 2016. Panaturan: Sebagai Pedoman Hidup Umat Hindu Kaharingan. Palangka \nRaya: STAHN-TP \n\n \nD. Hendropuspito.1992.Sosiologi Agama. Yogyakarta: Kanisius \n\nDhavamony. Mariasusai. 1995. Fenomenologi Agama Terjemahan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.  \n\nEl-Shuta, Saiful Hadi, 2013. Panduan Sholat Lengkap. Jakarta: Wahyu Media. \n\nEmzir. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Analisis Data. Jakarta: PT Rajagrafindo \nPersada. \n\nEtika Tiwi. 2016.Ketuhanan dalam Ajaran Hindu Kaharingan. Palangka Raya: STAHN-TP \n\nH.M.Ali. dkk. 1989. Islam untuk Disiplin Ilmu Hukum Sosial dan Politik: Jakarta, Bulan \nBintang. \n\nHabermas, Jurgen. 2009. Teori Tindakkan Komunikatif: Rasio dan Rasionalisasi Masyarakat. \nBantul: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nHadari, Nawawi. 1993.Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Idayu Press. \n\nKuswarno, Engkus. 2009. Fenomenologi, Konsepsi, Pedoman, dan Contoh Penelitian. \nPadjadjaran: Widya. \n\nMuti\u2019ah, 2009. Harmonisasi Agama dan Budaya di Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Penelitian dan \nPengembangan agama. \n\nRahardjo, Turnomo. 2005, Menghargai Perbedaan Kultural: Mindfulness Dalam Komunikasi \nAntar Etnis.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.  \n\nRangkap, Inau. 2003. Panaturan. Majelis Besar Agama Hindu Kaharingan: (MB-AHK) Pusat \nPalangka Raya. \n\nRiwut. Tjilik & Mantikei. Sanaman, (2003).Manaser Panatau Tatu Hiang. Palangka raya : \nPusakalima.  \n\nSumaryono, E. 1999. Hermeneutika: Sebuah Metode Filsafat. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.", "start_char_idx": 22621, "end_char_idx": 24695, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dc828acb-afe0-4c89-a2d5-5ed7dca99f03": {"__data__": {"id_": "dc828acb-afe0-4c89-a2d5-5ed7dca99f03", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52989", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "2fd290eb3d5677e91d76e3bb654175f54ee8d863688b780ae7938e973ec3c841", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1b2fd4c8-f247-4a53-888e-4907a4c2b970", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52986", "author": "Rahmawati, Ni Nyoman; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suda, I Ketut; Ruastiti, Ni Made", "title": " DICTION OF DAYAK KATINGAN FAMILY ARTICULATION IN TEWANG TAMPANG VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY COLLABORATION", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52986.pdf"}, "hash": "fb605effbd6b98d75f50a86787f7c3d55bdca5baabf46bb682f6c774c06606d1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c8c04290-a664-410a-8721-014bb18dc4bd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "212fc65d69443bda32a61fe2a68663062da33ca4d1622e9eb5e497ad69a3d4f9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - ARTIKEL LILIK\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 10-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\n \n\nTHE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE   \nBAJO ETHNICS \n\n Lilik Rita Lindayani1, I Nyoman Suarka2, I Wayan Cika3, dan Ni Luh Nyoman Kebayantini4, \nAnsor Putra5, Samsul6, Maliudin7 \n\n1567Faculty of Art Halu Oleo University, 2 3 4 Cultural Studies Program Faculty of Art Udayana \nUniversity \n\nemail: 1 .rita@yahoo.com,  2nyoman_suarka@unud.ac.id, 3cika.wayan@yahoo.com, \n4kebayantini@gmail.com,5ansorputra@gmail.com, 6 fibsamsul@gmail.com \n\n 7 maliudin@yahoo.com \n \n\nABSTRACT \n\nLanguage is a form of human emergency sensitivity to the situation around it. If observed, if \nthe linguistic position is in the semiotic point pattern, then natural signs can be a form of verbal \npower. Accompanying Nietzsche's thoughts on a strategy he calls \"geneology\" in historicism, \nin order to observe the traditions of creativity that exist in society, Nietzsche believes that \nevery creation has a special set of interests for a particular location or context. The Bajo \npeople as a sea tribe in general, including ethnic Bajo who inhabit Katela Island in West Muna \nRegency, Southeast Sulawesi also establish this creative process in the copyright mantra, \nwhich is in the form of sea spells arranged in diction and symbols on signs and codes given \nby nature. The significant process occurs when spells as something that is believed by the \nBajo people in fishing activities have many functions. This study adopts Derrida's \nDeconstruction theory, in Derrida's view, the core location of deconstruction is deconstruction \nrelated to language. If conventional semiotics emphasizes the signification process, namely \nthe functioning of the sign as a reflection of established social codes, then in the post-\nstructuralist semiotics which is emphasized is a significant process, namely a creative \ncreation of signs and codes without and without limited. \n \nKeywords: Deconstructive Semiotics, Sea Mantra Dictation, and Bajo Ethnicity \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nDerrida by quoting various opinions of philosophers expresses his view, that \n\nontologically writing precedes speech. Writing can be a mute trace but can be a witness of \n\nthose who are not present and cannot be said. Those who can overtake writing rather than \n\nspeech are only those from nature, not from time, according to Derrida, the writing is 'foreign' \n\nwhich is included in the language system (Derrida, 1967: 44 and Kaelan, 2017: 254). \n\nSomething that is very natural if Derrida accords his views in such a way, therefore writing \n\nbecomes a formal form but not a formality because of his physical identification.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2962, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c8c04290-a664-410a-8721-014bb18dc4bd": {"__data__": {"id_": "c8c04290-a664-410a-8721-014bb18dc4bd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52989", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "2fd290eb3d5677e91d76e3bb654175f54ee8d863688b780ae7938e973ec3c841", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dc828acb-afe0-4c89-a2d5-5ed7dca99f03", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "01279b19b20c903c1307e58aea1ba4754d3ab4ed5c03cde30e654f83cba3ae5a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2225a0f3-eed1-464f-bff1-54da39dadf2e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f1914d21ccf45ba1258e37ec62fab89949b36bdc5caf750f2046d2999144bbfb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 10-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\n \n\nIn Derrida's view, the core location of deconstruction is deconstruction related to \n\nlanguage, besides deconstruction also rejects the definition. Regarding semiotics, Derrida \n\nseems to contradict the structural semiotics developed by Saussure, which relies on \n\nimmortality, stability, stability of signs and codes, and meanings. Semiotics developed by \n\nDerrida as a post-structuralist is better able to accommodate the dynamics, uncertainty, \n\nturmoil and anxieties that characterize chaotic culture (Derrida, 2001: 24). If conventional \n\nsemiotics emphasizes the signification process, namely the functioning of the sign as a \n\nreflection of established social codes, then in the post-structuralist semiotics which is \n\nemphasized is a significant process, namely a creative creation of signs and codes without \n\nand without limited (Piliang, 2001: 310 in Kaelan, 2017: 261-262). \n\nThe Bajo people, including the ethnic Bajo who inhabit Katela Island, also establish \n\nthis creative process in the mantra of creativity, which is in the form of sea mantras arranged \n\nin diction and symbols for signs and codes given by nature. The significant process occurs \n\nwhen spells as something that is believed by the Bajo people in fishing activities have many \n\nfunctions. Uniawati (2006: 51) explains that in a Bajo tribe whose life is at sea, sea spells \n\nfunction in conjunction with activities carried out in the sea such as fishing, installing trawls, \n\navoiding sea raging storms, lowering new boats, and so on. So each mantra has its own \n\nfunction. Thus it can be seen, how crossing the Bajo creative semiotics in anticipation of \n\nnatural phenomena through signs which are then communicated through certain codes. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nDeparting from the idea that there is no single point of view in a study, the data in this \n\npaper are viewed holistically. Analysis of perspectivism was used as a scalpel (Lindayani et \n\nal., 2019). Accompanying Nietzsche's thinking about a strategy he calls \"geneology\" in \n\nhistoricism, in order to observe the traditions of creativity that exist in society, Nietzsche \n\nbelieves every creation has a special set of interests for a particular location or context \n\n(Levine, 1976: 88-101). Thus, this research relies heavily on the quality of observation and \n\nmeaning to uncover something behind the phenomenon (see Strauss, 2009: 5). The \n\nphenomenon referred to, namely diction in the Bajo ethnic spells according to their context \n\nas a sea tribe. Where, the quality of data is extracted empirically without simulation so that it \n\nraises theoretical consequences to achieve the final goal of this paper.", "start_char_idx": 2967, "end_char_idx": 5917, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2225a0f3-eed1-464f-bff1-54da39dadf2e": {"__data__": {"id_": "2225a0f3-eed1-464f-bff1-54da39dadf2e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52989", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "2fd290eb3d5677e91d76e3bb654175f54ee8d863688b780ae7938e973ec3c841", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c8c04290-a664-410a-8721-014bb18dc4bd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "8878796e0d445502ea5ee56c229e13f2db8c499aff8a6709351c2dd848aae677", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bba173da-7e5e-42f6-82e9-7564d7aa73d6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e1670240e54c577a0e5baa9fdb3c5ebd59fb00d98e81d8ab7f76026c2133b70c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 10-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\nIn more detail, see Uniawati (2005) dividing the six categories of sea spell functions \n\ncommonly used by Bajo people: (1) subjugating humans, namely when facing pirates and \n\ndistancing themselves from pirate pursuit; (2) subjugating animals, for example tricking fish, \n\ncalling fish, escaping from octopuses, etc .; (3) subduing spirits such as casting out the ghosts \n\nof the sea and asking the shadow to guard themselves while sleeping in the sea; (4) \n\nsubjugating nature, for example overcoming storms, overcoming currents, seasickness and \n\nso on; (5) requests to God, usually done when starting work or fishing activities; and (6) \n\nrequests to magic. At the sixth point the researchers tried to review the relevance of the choice \n\nof the word \"request to magical\" to the field. Through observation of the data, the researcher \n\nfound a more precise choice of words, namely \"inviting the forces of nature\" because the \n\nexample given was the function of the mantra to bring in the wind, to release the boat from \n\nthe waves, and so on. \n\nThe following example is a mantra that illustrates natural straw into the creative process \n\nof the Bajo. Note the expression of the mantra diction below: \n\nMantra overcoming seasickness: \n\nBismillahirrahmanirrahim \n\n\u2018in the name of Allah\u2019 \n\nTubboqku dadarua         tubboq dayah \n\n\u2018my intestine is the same as fish's intestine\u2019 \n\n\u2019nggai   nguta    madilao \n\n\u2018not vomit in the sea\u2019 \n\nMantra overcome ocean current \n\nBismillahirrahmanirrahim \n\n\u2018in the name of Allah\u2019 \n\nabal  madilao \n\n\u2018ocean current\u2019 \n\nabal  mangindas \n\n\u2018strong current\u2019 \n\ndaha     boanu \n\n\u2018don\u2019t bring\u2019 \n\npissiku       pateo \n\n\u2018my fishing is too far away\u2019", "start_char_idx": 5926, "end_char_idx": 7912, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bba173da-7e5e-42f6-82e9-7564d7aa73d6": {"__data__": {"id_": "bba173da-7e5e-42f6-82e9-7564d7aa73d6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52989", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "2fd290eb3d5677e91d76e3bb654175f54ee8d863688b780ae7938e973ec3c841", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2225a0f3-eed1-464f-bff1-54da39dadf2e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "56a98c248ad09307c2443784dbc114f29ce58235cda14c6d76ec25939825ad55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8caf054e-dc94-4d88-94bb-79c78dfe0875", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cb89d1ef96ec38eb2e09b5318cd08445822a61cab63213959b3af2e39102cb42", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 10-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\nData source: Uniawati (2005) \n\nIn modern linguistics many questions about language and sign systems. Linguistics \n\ndevelops it as an understanding that language as a meaningful sign system is a means of \n\nhuman communication, as stated by Ferdinand de Saussure and Cassirer, according to him \n\nlanguage is not just a sign system, not a form, not merely a means but language is \n\nontologically a sign of human as 'being'. Therefore the language captured by humans is not \n\nonly an empirical reality but further shows its ontological reality. \n\nBack to the discussion session which put diction as an act of semiotics in Bajo ethnic \n\nrituals. In Chomsky's view the language is a form of human emergency sensitivity to the \n\nsituation around it. If observed, if language is in the semiotic point pattern, then natural signs \n\nsuch as wave heights, gusts of wind, rocks, etc. can be a form of strength. Such cases show \n\nthat meaning becomes questionable when all combined forms of signs have become markers \n\n(see Lindayani et a. L, 2018). \n\nThe Bajo ethnic concentration on the sea leads them to sensitivity to the signs carried \n\nby the marine environment and the creatures that are in it. In semiotic studies according to \n\nEco (1980), there are actually political limitations. That, the research areas begin the \n\ncommunication process that looks natural and spontaneous to a more complex cultural \n\nsystem, considered as part of the semiotic field of study. At the level of structure all of these \n\nforms by Harris (1980) are interpreted as field behavior in the study of social humanities, \n\ntherefore social life must be concerned with the phenomena forming the behavior itself \n\n(Harris, 1980: 31). \n\nIn the semiotic analogy, ancient Greek society argues the fact that encoded linguistics \n\nis a proof of civilization. There are three processes in obtaining competence in language, \n\nexemplified in children in the introduction of mother tongue, where mastery departs from the \n\nprocess of undercoding, successive coding, and finally through the process of overcoding \n\n(the latter process continues as he grows older, insofar as society continues to play a role in \n\nthe process of complications of existing codes) (Eco, 1980: 210). The undercoding process \n\nis the learning process by observing behavior, imitating the utterances to give birth to one \n\nsimple text, at the level of successive knowledge being perfect because the text has been \n\nstructured in language codes that should, then at the level of overcoding, the language enters \n\nthe conceptual level. So what does the code production theory have to do with the \n\ndetermination of the Bajo semiotic acts. Eco erodes this in the context of scientific and \n\nprimitive societies. Primitive society produces more code at the level of behavior with all its", "start_char_idx": 7930, "end_char_idx": 11041, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8caf054e-dc94-4d88-94bb-79c78dfe0875": {"__data__": {"id_": "8caf054e-dc94-4d88-94bb-79c78dfe0875", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52989", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "2fd290eb3d5677e91d76e3bb654175f54ee8d863688b780ae7938e973ec3c841", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bba173da-7e5e-42f6-82e9-7564d7aa73d6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "0f3bdff7e2bed57b3d0b7b3801ad3ac0241720d0893f2d5772b8d5dd56ddbfb1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "480ba94d-5ac5-4512-9195-07a07c80c633", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b5fc2ad0d7c859cfb26a9838b924680645148df92bb20eb2fcb8147fafb35aff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 10-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\nethical rules, whereas the scientific community is more like what they like. The context of \n\nprimitive societies here is more about being closed and keeping away from technological \n\ncrowds. \n\n1) Code Production \n\nThe Bajo people, based on data found in the research field, belong to the category of \n\nprimitive societies that reproduce codes (function-marks) with texts taught by the ocean or \n\ndiscourse on the situation, the text here is connotative. Seeing then mimics the will of nature \n\naccording to their imagination. There is no code transmission that is in opposition to the sea. \n\nOne example is the color and shape of a typical Bajo or ula-ula flag, this flag is made of cloth \n\nin general, only if it is observed in detail the shape still mimics a sea animal, the octopus arms \n\nstretching downward. Ula-ula is a natural code that is converted into a symbol of the Bajo. \n\nBased on the informant's disclosure of the meaning of ula-ula which is shaped like an octopus \n\ntentacle, there is an image of strength, octopus is a combined form of dimensions of grip and \n\npolicy power. The invertebrate sea animals appear soft, soft and unpretentious, but when \n\nthey feel threatened, they act as a picture of the characteristics of the Bajo in general. Other \n\ninformation says ula-alu is a symbol of the universe created by the Almighty for seven days \n\nand seven nights, so the color of ula-ula is similar to the colors of natural elements, namely \n\nred elements for fire, white for water, yellow for air, and black for soil. Examples of ula-ula \n\nflags. \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 1: The flag of Ula-Ula Bajo \n\nSource: https://www.google.com/search?q=gambar+bendera+ula-ula+bajo", "start_char_idx": 11046, "end_char_idx": 13014, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "480ba94d-5ac5-4512-9195-07a07c80c633": {"__data__": {"id_": "480ba94d-5ac5-4512-9195-07a07c80c633", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52989", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "2fd290eb3d5677e91d76e3bb654175f54ee8d863688b780ae7938e973ec3c841", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8caf054e-dc94-4d88-94bb-79c78dfe0875", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "1db42b51e456acb7cb4b30e68c5b629a522bc106f6da9f79ca22578c2652a227", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8939f0b6-91d9-4c85-8c27-ffce53023064", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "55cd65eb8ac466053e5ce5ae84d6ffb0c63262616b4ac05d35371f4fc1645b5d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 10-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\n \n\nThe Bajo community is a group that has loud phonological articulation. Articulation is \n\nalso an expressive unit for producing linguistic codes because this is related to the structure \n\nof code expression in the Bajo community. Don't think that their shy and closed attitude is \n\nidentical with a soft and soft voice. They are used to defeating the power of the wind when \n\ncommunicating because they are also used to using a lot of hand movements when \n\ninteracting on a boat, but the behavior is not carried away when they are on land. \n\nThe process of creating code by Bajo people on Katela Island is a contribution of nature \n\nthat supports intellectuals, Bajo people have natural navigation and marine skills, as well as \n\nthe principle of life, even though according to layman's view it is not economically profitable. \n\n2) Production of Signs \n\nProduction of signs in semiotic cases according to Eco (1980) is a work of choosing \n\nsigns that must be articulated to form an expression of the many signals that can be used. \n\nThe semiotic viewpoint states where circumstances can be intentional elements of \n\ncommunication. Semiotics work to clear the message by acting in the circumstances in which \n\nthe message was received. One form of sign is a message. \n\nThe study of culture according to Spradley (1987), must agree on three fundamental \n\naspects of the expression of human experience, namely (1) what humans do, (2) what \n\nhumans know, and (3) things that humans make and use. Of the three things, cultural \n\nbehavior, cultural knowledge and cultural artifacts will emerge. Still according to spradley \n\ncultural knowledge can regenerate through cultural behavior, cultural artifacts, and speech \n\nmessages. \n\nRelated to the above paragraph, the Bajo community is a cultural product that is complete \n\nand certainly has special knowledge. For this reason, the production of natural signs related \n\nto maritime is well-selected. This community is naturally the owner of original knowledge that \n\ncan affect the environment. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nFinally, this paper concludes that the mantra as a product of Bajo ethnic culture \n\nrequires its owner's sensitivity to nature, and a natural touch to give birth to appropriate \n\ndiction. The semiotic viewpoint expresses the intentional element of communication. Natural \n\ncontributions support Bajo intellectuals to detect and cooperate with nature through word", "start_char_idx": 13019, "end_char_idx": 15730, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8939f0b6-91d9-4c85-8c27-ffce53023064": {"__data__": {"id_": "8939f0b6-91d9-4c85-8c27-ffce53023064", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52989", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "2fd290eb3d5677e91d76e3bb654175f54ee8d863688b780ae7938e973ec3c841", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "480ba94d-5ac5-4512-9195-07a07c80c633", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "d3b3c862a405b2ac82b0daf3222dec38b70583d072e55c99a620270d2a4974fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "32570815-15ba-4e51-805c-dac5c985f725", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4a917ac4ebdbb6371df00ab887b1d2375606183ea8fa44b3c234142f803960d1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 10-16   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\nchoice. In this case, the deconstructive semiotics works to clear the message by acting in \n\nthe circumstances in which the message was received. \n\n \n\n \nREFERENCES \n\n \nDerrida, 1967. L\u2019Ecriture et La Difference. Paris: Editions du Seuil. \n\nEco, Umberto. 2015. Teori Semiotika (I.R. Muzir. Penerj.). Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nHarris, Marvin. 1980. Cultural Materialism (The Struggle for a Science of Culture). New York: \nRandom House Inc. \n\nKaelan, 2017. Filsafat Bahasa Semiotika dan Hemeneutuka. Yogyakarta: Paradigma. \n\nLevine, Peter. 1976. Nietzsche and the Modern Crisis of  The Humanities.  New York:  Harper \n& Row Publisher. \n\nLindayani, Lilik Rita et al. \u201cA Metaphorical Analysis of Kabhanti Modero to Show Munanese \nSocial Relation\u201d. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Cultur (IJLLC). Vol. \n4 No. 2. Pages: 72-80, March 2018. http://ijcujournal.us/; http://www.sloap.org \n\nLindayani, Lilik Rita et al. 2019. \u201cThe Influence of Hinduism toward the Islamic Practice of \nIndigenous People in Sulawesi\u201d. International Journal of English and Literature \nSciences (IJELS). Vol. 4  Issue-1. Page: 152-158. Jan-Feb, 2019. http://www.ijels.com \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir.2004. Antara Semiotika Signifikasi, Komunikasi dan Ekstra \nKomunikasi:dalam Alex Sobur Semiotika Komunikasi. Bandung: Remaja Rosda \nKarya. \n\nSpradley, James P. 1987.  Metode Etnografi.  Yogyakarta:  Tiara Wacana. \n\nStrauss, Anselm dan Juliet Corbin 2009.  Dasar-Dasar Penelitian Kualitatif.  Yogyakarta:  \nPustaka Pelajar. \n\nUniawati, 2006. Fungsi Mantra Melaut pada Masyarakat Suku Bajo di Sulawesi Tenggara. \nKendari: Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.", "start_char_idx": 15735, "end_char_idx": 17675, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "32570815-15ba-4e51-805c-dac5c985f725": {"__data__": {"id_": "32570815-15ba-4e51-805c-dac5c985f725", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52994", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "1476ff09f191f717fe1388d1f3206abb827576e188dccccd04daf87a46d66051", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8939f0b6-91d9-4c85-8c27-ffce53023064", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52989", "author": "Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin", "title": " THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52989.pdf"}, "hash": "77613defddc3c87a189354ce75c392149006e2ead3871f310dca619e701bf483", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2e6f80ce-c0ca-49cc-b14b-17f807fe62c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a5804825aaecc4f0d6f9b23fe20c7c2f0c64fc21f9dbe276ae4e373926f78bff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - ARTIKEL DEWI\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 17-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\n \n\nSTIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN  \nIN DENPASAR \n\n \nPutu Dewi Ariantini1, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara2, Ni Luh Arjani3 \n\n1,2,3Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University \nJalan Pulau Nias, No.13, Denpasar \n\nE-mail: 1dewipradewi24@gmail.com, 2anom_kumbara@unud.ac.id, \n3arjani_psw@yahoo.com  \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n\nThe phenomenon of Tattooed Balinese Woman has been increasingly frequent in public \nspaces in Denpasar. Tattooed Balinese women want to convey or express their feelings \nthrough tattoo on their body, but this is not fully accepted by the society who has different \njudgement and perception encapsulated in what we call as Stigma. Stigma is viewed as a \nstruggle between dominant and sub-cultural ideology within discourses which may cause \nmarginalization and discrimination of tattooed Balinese woman psycho-socially and culturally. \nThe research is aimed to faind out the forms and implications of stigmatization of tattooed \nBalinese woman in Denpasar. The data collection method uses observation technique, in-\ndepth interview, and document study. The data analysis adopts cultural study approach \nthrough reduction, reporting, and verification processes. The researcher uses Power-\nKnowledge Relation Theory, Stigma Theory, and Identity Theory as theoretical framework. \nThe result of this research concludes that the form of the stigma of tattooed Balinese woman \nin Denpasar is labeling, stereotyping, separation and discrimination. The implication of the \nstigma is personal worthlessness and alienation, psychological instability, paradoxical \nattitudes in relationships and association, and sense of proving oneself as an expression of \nresistance against the stigma.   \n\nKeyword: stigma, Balinese Woman, Tattoo, resistance \n \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nStigmatization toward tattooed women happen in Bali connected with cultural \n\ndominant of Balinese. Culturally tattoo is strongly associated with Balinese men. In fact, it is \n\nnot difficult to find Balinese men with tattoos in every space, time, and activity. Balinese men \n\nfrom various backgrounds such as business, office employee, public servant, and even the \n\ncustomary and religious leader within Balinese Hindu community have tattoos on their body. \n\nIt is as if tattoo is not a cultural hindrance to Balinese men to participate in public spaces.  \n\nOn the contrary, though the trend of tattoo is also followed by Balinese women, from \n\nthe youth ones to the older housewives, tattoo to women is still considered unusual (Radar", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2901, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2e6f80ce-c0ca-49cc-b14b-17f807fe62c7": {"__data__": {"id_": "2e6f80ce-c0ca-49cc-b14b-17f807fe62c7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52994", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "1476ff09f191f717fe1388d1f3206abb827576e188dccccd04daf87a46d66051", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "32570815-15ba-4e51-805c-dac5c985f725", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "7a72e60379f15f06b9c0db337f0fc85e2bad424150343eb255c7a037b2afb75d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "88edb355-d1d9-4f51-ac49-5e6855ac430f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4f12f10e81753338608bf15841c2dcd5e8159e4c8493c73bd0074faf59e81200", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 17-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nBali, 1 October 2017 edition). This means the society prefers to accept Balinese men with \n\ntattoo to Balinese woman even when it refers to the same artwork. According to this, the \n\nresearch is focused to understand and to analyse the forms and implications of the stigma \n\ntoward tattooed Balinese women in Denpasar.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nThis research was designed using cultural study approach. The data collection \n\nprocess was conducted using in-depth interview, observation, dan document study as \n\ninstruments. The subject of this research is tattooed Balinese women living in Denpasar, \n\nshared Hinduism beliefs, and originated from Bali ethnic. The next subject is the family or \n\nrelatives of the tattooed Balinese women, ordinary citizens, and customary institution leaders. \n\nAll subjects were chosen with snowball and purposive sampling technique. Total of research \n\nsubject are 25 informant. The data analysis was done using qualitative method, using Theory \n\nof Power and Knowledge Relations by Michel Foucault, Stigma Theory by Erving Goffman \n\nand Identity Theory by Erik Erikson. The Theory of Power and Knowledge Relations-Foucault \n\nconnects knowledge and power in constructing discourses which explains how stigma is born \n\nin society. In this case, the stigma against tattooed Balinese women can be traced by \n\nfollowing the pathways of knowledge adopted by the society to stigmatize the tattooed \n\nBalinese women in the degree of morality, science, and politics along with the sphere of power \n\ninfluence ruling this connection. The basic assumption of the research is grounded upon a \n\nview that every constructed stigma toward tattooed Balinese women is the result of meaning \n\nidentification and the judgement from the actors (stigma perceivers). Such judgement was \n\nnot presented to be verified by its factual correctness and its validity in the degree of morality \n\nand scientific, instead it was due to the underlying power practice. Hence, the polarity of \n\npower and ideology can be deconstructed.  \n\nStigma Theory, according to Goffman (1963:11\u201416), stated that if somebody \n\nreceives a stigma, that person is may not the actual one who misbehave, rather one is \n\nnegatively perceived due to stigmatization in the society or one\u2019s environment. Often, stigmas \n\nare given based on certain signifier.  Stigma can encourage the motivation of stigma receivers \n\nto change themselves in a better way. On the contrary, it can also weaken their mentality \n\nwhich makes them harder to escape from their doom. This what indicates tattooed Balinese \n\nwomen to hesitantly express themselves and socialize with others which leads to even more \n\nnegative stigma towards them.", "start_char_idx": 2906, "end_char_idx": 5897, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "88edb355-d1d9-4f51-ac49-5e6855ac430f": {"__data__": {"id_": "88edb355-d1d9-4f51-ac49-5e6855ac430f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52994", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "1476ff09f191f717fe1388d1f3206abb827576e188dccccd04daf87a46d66051", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2e6f80ce-c0ca-49cc-b14b-17f807fe62c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "34401fbc2fe540b3cff5852646fb8c19dffc70a3eaa1ec1ce25977c06f51f151", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2da580b7-8d0e-4b12-9037-0b1e47383a8a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "140d1f92cc44b62290b66d703afacbed22c010f1950e7474b68d8f1632289559", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 17-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION  \n\nTo this date, there is no valid data about tattooed Balinese women. There is even \n\nno statistical data of the development of tattoo in general. The absence of data shows a very \n\nlow concern regarding tattoo existence as a subculture even when it actually has been \n\ndeveloping in Bali Province, especially in Denpasar. The case is certainly different if we refer \n\nto mainstream cultures such as Balinese traditional arts. We can easily find the data from \n\nvarious formal government agencies such as The Culture Office of Bali Province. The \n\ninformant or tattooed Balinese women for this research are 12 people in total. This number \n\ndoes not represent a sample that represent the whole population of tattooed women in Bali. \n\nThis is due to the fact that there is no exact number of tattooed women population in the \n\nisland. This research, to its minimum, can contribute in describing the existence of tattooed \n\nBalinese women. In order not to deviate from the material object of this research, the tattooed \n\nBalinese women being discussed here in this research article are those who believe in \n\nHinduism, live in various regions in Bali, and become an active member of customary village \n\nor banjar. Upon this criteria, the researcher chose 25 informants which are divided into 2 \n\ngroups.  \n\nThe first group is called \u2018stigma perceivers\u2019 and consists of customary institution \n\nleaders (4 people), parents and family relatives to tattooed Balinese women (4 people), and \n\nordinary citizens (5 people) so that there are 13 informants in total for this group. The second \n\ngroup is called \u2018stigma receivers\u2019 and consists of  12 tattooed Balinese women as informant. \n\nThere are 5 women who create tattoo because of invitation from her friends, influence from \n\nher association, and her love and passion to the art of tattoo. Meanwhile, another 7 women \n\ncreate tattoo on their body due to misfortune and bad experience in life.  It means, aside from \n\npersonal motivation, tattoo to these Balinese women has also become a media of struggle, \n\nvent, and reaction toward their life experience. These reasons affect the perspective and \n\nbehavior of tattooed Balinese women in their social and personal life. It also affects the stigma \n\nin society. The data told us that tattooed Balinese women in Denpasar comes from various \n\nage and education background. In addition, they also have varied reasons to paint tattoos. It \n\nis interesting to notice that those reasons were failed relationships, family disharmony, \n\nassociation, hobby, and others. These reasons are often linked to each others. For instance, \n\nthe one who decided to have tattoos due to frustration may end up doing it for hobby.", "start_char_idx": 5903, "end_char_idx": 8926, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2da580b7-8d0e-4b12-9037-0b1e47383a8a": {"__data__": {"id_": "2da580b7-8d0e-4b12-9037-0b1e47383a8a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52994", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "1476ff09f191f717fe1388d1f3206abb827576e188dccccd04daf87a46d66051", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "88edb355-d1d9-4f51-ac49-5e6855ac430f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "350e1bfe1f24c01db5b58fc1c5aed90495bc2bbea459aef37fa2a24edfdbd9e1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4698e6eb-87f3-4a49-8991-c20115dc540b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "634589e566ddd943bdbd717e5bf89e1dff547afb0835840837e5b5f3cdb6d0c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 17-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nNonetheless, it can give the general picture showing the factual reality of tattooed Balinese \n\nwomen in Denpasar along with all complex reasons behind it.    \n\nStigma is a negative perception toward someone else according to signs and \n\nattributes associated with the person. Those signs and attributes are associated with \n\nabnormality and negative moral status of the bearers (Goffman, 1963:1). However, stigma \n\nreceivers are not the actual one who misbehave, instead they receive the negative \n\nperceptions due to stigmatization and one\u2019s environment. According to Link and Phelan (in \n\nScheid & Brown, 2010:572), stigma may apperar in the form of labeling, stereotype, \n\nseparation and discrimination.  \n\nStigma was not appeared organically, but socil-culturally constructed through \n\ndetecting, defining, and actor\u2019s judgement within the society. According to the theory and the \n\nfindings, the forms of stigma toward tattooed Balinese women can be explained as follows:  \n\na) Labeling marks the form of stigmatization at the level of its definition stating \n\nthat tattooed Balinese women are perceived deviant group of people.   \n\nb) Stereotype is the form of stigmatization at cognitive level which negatively \n\nperceives all women in Bali without seeing the individual aspects.   \n\nc) Separation is a form of stigmatization at the level of group identity. It is where \n\npeople negatively perceive other people from other groups (outsider, \n\noutgroup) which in turn can showcase the stigma created by dominant culture \n\ntoward the identity of subculture.   \n\nd) Discrimination is a form of stigmatization at the level of action which is \n\ninfluenced by various prejudice and negative description toward tattooed \n\nBalinese women. The course of actions, then, determine the stand point and \n\ntreatment to them in every social aspect. \n\n \n\nImplication means involvement or the condition of getting involved, including or \n\nconcluded, suggested, but remained unexpressed (Depdiknas, 2005:427). This definition \n\nshows the causal relationship between one reality and the appearance of other reality as an \n\ninevitable consequences. In this case, stigma toward tattooed Balinese women in Denpasar \n\nbe it labeling, stereotype, separation, or discrimination reveals unacceptability/disapproval \n\nfrom  dominant culture toward subkultur.", "start_char_idx": 8931, "end_char_idx": 11561, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4698e6eb-87f3-4a49-8991-c20115dc540b": {"__data__": {"id_": "4698e6eb-87f3-4a49-8991-c20115dc540b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52994", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "1476ff09f191f717fe1388d1f3206abb827576e188dccccd04daf87a46d66051", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2da580b7-8d0e-4b12-9037-0b1e47383a8a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "af0a135171ad4d4b74e0bf5b6c834149928eded921c921ae1e1eb37dbbcfbb02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "da70c3cf-d2f8-4d3e-bf70-8f2cdfdd1da0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "94a13d690d0b62ddc3124a5af944d00232584a37fc21d82c53a07b9de9eb2c52", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 17-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\nThose stigma implicate physically, socially, and culturally toward tattooed Balinese women in \n\nDenpasar as stigma receivers in the explanation below:  \n\na) personal worthlessness and alienation, is an implication resulted from \n\nstigmatization which makes tattooed Balinese women fail to portray \n\nthemselves as accepted figure in society. This failed portrayal is internalized \n\nbecomes worthlessness, guilt, regret, and alienated from their own world.   \n\nb)  Psychological instability, is changeable comfort in different environment \n\nsetting because stigmatization makes tattooed Balinese women failed to reach \n\ntheir identity maturity as an individual that can accept oneself and others. The \n\nsigns of homelessness become a mental condition that they need to face as \n\nthe result of this psychic instability because tattooed Balinese women always \n\nstrive to find a social home that offers the utmost comfort for them.  \n\nc) Paradoxical attitude in relationships and association, is an implication due to \n\nstigmatization push them to develop sceptical and anticipatory attitude toward \n\nunpleasant possibility in their relationships with others. This makes tattooed \n\nBalinese women tend to behave exclusively to people they perceive judging \n\nthem with the stigma. On the contrary, they also behave inclusively to people \n\nwho sympathize and accept their attribute.   \n\nd) proving oneself, is an implication appeared due to the stigmatization which \n\nencourage tattooed Balinese woman to explore all of their potential and \n\nresources should an opportunity arrives. This act to prove oneself can also be \n\ndone to prove themselves as an individual who are truly free and autonomous \n\nwhich  leads to exaggerated attitude that may further support the stigma \n\ninstead of diminishing it.  \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 17-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\n \n\nPicture: Proving oneself through humanity cause and overly reacted self-proving.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGESTION \n\nThe result of this research concludes that the forms of stigma toward tattooed \n\nBalinese women in Denpasar consists of 4 types such as lebeling, stereotype, separation and \n\ndiscrimination.  The impact of stigmatization toward tattooed Balinese women are: personal \n\nworthlessness and alienation, psychological instability, paradoxical behavior in relationships, \n\nand the act of proving oneself. Basically, stigmatization toward tattooed Balinese women \n\nshows the denial of dominant culture toward subculture representation. Denpasar, the capital \n\ncity of Bali Province, is unique.   \n\nDenpasar, the capital city of Bali Province, is quite unique. The city\u2019s thriving economic \n\nwhich can be seen from the city\u2019s development and its advanced human resources make the \n\ncity become quite modern. However, this same city also still retain its strong customs and \n\npatriarchal culture. This precondition identifies the difference in perception regarding tattooed \n\nBalinese women who supposedly enjoy the same freedom of expression as the opposite \n\ngender. This research also refers to form of resistance by tattooed Balinese women in the \n\nstruggle of eliminating the stigma. The resistance manifests in social activity and giving all \n\nreserved potential in proving their ultimate dedication to society. \n\nAccording to conclusion aforementioned above, this research suggests that all related \n\nstakeholders to heed these actions; To all stigma perceivers, it suggests that the stigma \n\ntoward tattooed Balinese women should be ended and to begin social activity where they are", "start_char_idx": 11567, "end_char_idx": 15647, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "da70c3cf-d2f8-4d3e-bf70-8f2cdfdd1da0": {"__data__": {"id_": "da70c3cf-d2f8-4d3e-bf70-8f2cdfdd1da0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52994", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "1476ff09f191f717fe1388d1f3206abb827576e188dccccd04daf87a46d66051", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4698e6eb-87f3-4a49-8991-c20115dc540b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "94f2f4008df005903ca481333d930269249db701b4ad45e7391d8f6aff32682c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3e332ece-0923-404a-ac62-45170af9cc56", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4e7812c22ddf251bf017af0f06801534e9c9356f4667a0acdffba28cc020f3fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 17-24   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nfree from discrimination as well as promoting equality to all women in Bali. To tattooed \n\nBalinese women to refer tattoo as an artwork and symbolic media to fight for social justice. \n\nTattoo supposedly not to be seen as a tool for legitimacy of our misbehavior and misconduct \n\nbecause it will worsen the already existed stigma toward it. Hence, do behave and keep your \n\nattitude in accordance with the norms and values in society. This will gradually modify the \n\nstigma so that there will be no difference between men and women in expressing themselves \n\nwith tattoo.  \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nAldy.  2007.  \u201cEksibisionis  Dengan  Tato\u201d in http://www.mail-archive.com/indo-\ndating@yahoogroups.com/msg 02984.html.  \n\nDepartemen Pendidikan Nasional. 2005. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai \nPustaka. \n\nDinter, Marteen Heselt van. 2005. The World of Tattoo: An Illustrated History. KIT Publisher. \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1995. Discipline and Punish: The birth of the Prison (Translated by Alan \nSheridan). London-Worcester: Billing and Sons.   \n\nGeertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Culture. New York: Basic Books. \n\nGoffman, Erving. 1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New Jersey: \nPrentice-Hall Inc \n\nMilles, Matthew B and A. M. Huberman A. 1992. An Expanded Sourcebook: Qualitative Data \nAnalysis. Sage Publication. \n\nOlong, Hatib Abdul Kadir. 2006. Tato. Yogyakarta: LKiS Printing Cemerlang.  \n\nScheid, T. L., and Brown, T. N. 2010. A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health Social \nContext, Theories, and System (2nd Edition). New York: Cambridge University \nPress. \n\nTapaningtyas, D. A. 2008. Perancangan Buku Esai Foto Perempuan dan Tato. Surabaya: \nUniversitas Kristen Petra.", "start_char_idx": 15652, "end_char_idx": 17660, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3e332ece-0923-404a-ac62-45170af9cc56": {"__data__": {"id_": "3e332ece-0923-404a-ac62-45170af9cc56", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "da70c3cf-d2f8-4d3e-bf70-8f2cdfdd1da0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52994", "author": "Ariantini, Putu Dewi; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " STIGMATIZATION TOWARD TATTOOED BALINESE WOMEN IN DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52994.pdf"}, "hash": "addde6b6f13c0b309ac5198755d31e9d0646b649ebc3cb4e1a3414a537096a31", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d06fd570-ac8a-4040-b838-145f4b7da884", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1de66ca4ddada676c2462c266ea4778e49131dba648754bd6250792f9d9fc5f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - ARTIKEL DEWA AYU\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\nREPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE \nDENPASAR \n\n \nI Dewa Ayu Sri Suasmini1, I Wayan Ardika2 ,Sulistyawati3 \n\nNi Made Wiasti4 \n \n\n1Institute of the Arts of Indonesia Denpasar, 234 Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, \nUdayana University  \n\nEmail:  1srisuasmini@yahoo.com, 2ardika52@yahoo.co.id,  4mwiasti@yahoo.com \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nKebaya is a traditional Balinese outfit worn during religious ceremonies. Kebaya as a fashion \nboss today is experiencing rapid development. Women in the city of Denpasar tend to follow \nthe trend of fesyenkebaya when offering worship to the temple. Modern kebaya is a choice \nas a representation when going to the Great Jagatnatha Temple. Women always want to \nappear fasionabeldan want to be the center of attention. As if the Great Jagatnatha Temple \nwas used as a fashion show stage by women in Denpasar City. This phenomenon is \ninteresting to study in the formulation of the problem, which is the fashion style to Agung \nJagatnatha Temple as a representation of women in Denpasar City. This study used \ndescriptive qualitative method. The theory used is representation theory and consumerism. \nThe results of this study indicate that the reason women represent kebaya to temple is \nbecause the development of kebaya today is very rapid. This development is due to the \nadvancement of technology and information so that materials and models of kebaya can be \nquickly produced. This causes women to wear trendy kebaya so that it is not considered \noutdated. Pura Agung Jagatnatha is a public temple and the largest temple in the city of \nDenpasar is always crowded with visitors on Hindu religious holidays. Agung Jagatnatha \nTemple is used as a place to represent the performance during prayer. For contemporary \nwomen in the city of Denpasar, not only when attending a reception, when praying to the \ntemple must also be fashionable. \n \nKeywords: representation, fashion kebaya to temple, fashionable. \n \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n \n\nThe development of fashion can be seen from the fashion travel worn in every age. \n\nStarting from primitive mankind, prehistoric times, modern times and this era of globalization \n\ndefinitely requires clothing. Clothing is one of the basic needs in human life in order to provide \n\ncomfort in activities. Humans as social beings always have desires or needs that are always \n\ndeveloping, one of which is the desire to decorate themselves to look more than others. \n\nKebaya as a fashion boss today is experiencing rapid development. Kebaya is a \n\ntraditional Balinese outfit worn during religious ceremonies such as at a temple prayer", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2991, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d06fd570-ac8a-4040-b838-145f4b7da884": {"__data__": {"id_": "d06fd570-ac8a-4040-b838-145f4b7da884", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3e332ece-0923-404a-ac62-45170af9cc56", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "0fcdfdc9335b3e0d15f5acb0c88e9687300c948b7c8b3740495649cbd29293f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "579abe99-898c-41fa-8e56-90d675cf89e0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "649768c9aded1a24bea09a08c79ae506b9fd7384c82ba6f4ec0814af5b5d39eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nceremony, while attending a reception for a religious ceremony. Beside during religious \n\nceremonies, kebaya is also often worn at graduation. Kebaya models continue to change, as \n\nwell as the colors of kebaya, accessories and accessories, they also experience growth. \n\nBali as a tourism destination cannot avoid cultural transformation that is very fast \n\nhappening. The change in culture will lead to fundamental changes in the various lives of \n\nBalinese people, including in terms of traditional Balinese fashion. Changes in socio-cultural \n\naspects will affect traditional norms and dress codes that apply in the community. \n\nToday women in the city of Denpasar tend to follow the kebaya fashion trends to the \n\ntemple. Likewise, other kebaya fashion such as kamen and accessories are also experiencing \n\ndevelopment and are always represented when going to the temple. Wome always want to \n\nlook trendy and want to be the center of attention when making a prayer to Agung Jagatnatha \n\nTemple. As if the Great Jagatnatha Temple was used as a stage for fashion shows by women \n\nin Denpasar City. Seeing this phenomenon, this study discusses why the fashion kebaya to \n\nthe Great Jagatnatha temple as a representation of women in the city of Denpasar. This study \n\nused descriptive qualitative method. The theory used in this study is representation theory \n\nand consumerism. The purpose of this study was to find out the reason for the fashion kebaya \n\nto Jagatnatha grand temple as a representation of contemporary women in the city of \n\nDenpasar. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\n This research was designed using cultural study approach. The data collection \n\nprocess was conducted using in-depth interview, observation, dan document study. The deta \n\nanalysis used descriptive qualitative method. The theory used is representation theory and \n\nconsumerism.  \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nThe development of fashion from the era of ancient kingdoms to modern times looks \n\ndifferent. The clothing worn by BC women was very simple namely berupakain which is \n\nwrapped around the body using the technique of pain. The function of clothing at that time in \n\naddition to protecting the body also to decorate the body, while in modern times in terms of \n\npracticality and comfort began to be considered when wearing clothes. The development of \n\nfashion fashion is influenced by the socio-cultural and environmental conditions of the local \n\narea. According to Bourdieu that lifestyle is understood as a whole taste, beliefs that", "start_char_idx": 2996, "end_char_idx": 5810, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "579abe99-898c-41fa-8e56-90d675cf89e0": {"__data__": {"id_": "579abe99-898c-41fa-8e56-90d675cf89e0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d06fd570-ac8a-4040-b838-145f4b7da884", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "8715322bd3fd3681182cbf738e308e517f9648f4c0febb539925a93385799cd4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "da68b70e-7b1e-4d36-b45f-3123de4b521d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ca10bd346dac406655edcecfe8d358c50da1e85b1e4eb11c7d5a157601414034", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\ncharacterize a class include political opinion, philosophical beliefs, moral beliefs, aesthetic \n\ntastes and also food, fashion culture (Bourdieu, 2003: 9). \n\nDevelopment of Kebaya in Indonesia \n\nKebaya as traditional Balinese clothing has a philosophy that contains life values, \n\nsuch as the value of obedience, refinement and actions of women who must be gentle. \n\nKebaya also has more meaning and function, which is seen from its simple form which shows \n\nthe simplicity of Indonesian people. In addition, the kebaya is always worn with a cloth that \n\ncovers the wearer's body so that it will limit his movements to move quickly, this is \n\nsynonymous with a graceful female personality. \n\nThe beginning of the cultural history of dress in Indonesia is inseparable from the \n\ncultural influences of other nations that have stopped and lived in Indonesia in trade relations. \n\nNations that have stopped in Indonesia include Chinese, Indian, Arabic, Portuguese, and \n\nfinally from the Netherlands. Indonesia is a maritime country and is also a very old crossing \n\narea, which may be said to have existed since the beginning of the western orientalism \n\ntradition (Lombard: 2008: 9). \n\nIn the era of the Majapahit Empire, Javanese traders had imported fashion materials \n\nsuch as cotton and silk textiles to be exchanged for spices which were then exported to \n\nChinese (Pinardi and Mambo, 1993: 185). It is estimated that when Chinese traders who \n\nstopped in Indonesia were already wearing clothes that covered their upper bodies. The \n\ntraders brought influence in terms of dress and finally clothing to cover the upper body began \n\nto be known by the people of Indonesia. \n\nPerhaps in 1400 AD Chinese immigrants from China took part in introducing kebaya \n\nto Indonesia. This is known from clothes such as kebaya, which are loose-sleeved long-\n\nsleeved clothes that are closed at the edges. This shirt is known as the bei-zi which is worn \n\nby women from lower social circles during the Ming Dynasty (Triyanto, 2011: 4). It is estimated \n\nthat the clothes made at that time were still very simple because the existing equipment was \n\nstill very traditional like a loom that was moved by hand. Over time and the development of \n\ntechnology is increasingly advanced, resulting in more fabrics being produced and clothing \n\nthat is made can be easier. As well with clothes worn by Chinese women also developed into \n\nfashion known as Encim kebaya. After cultural adjustments that lasted for hundreds of years, \n\nkebaya clothing began to be accepted in Indonesia and began to spread to Malacca, Java, \n\nBali, Sumatra and Sulawesi. In 1600 AD the kebaya was officially worn by the royal family.", "start_char_idx": 5815, "end_char_idx": 8799, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "da68b70e-7b1e-4d36-b45f-3123de4b521d": {"__data__": {"id_": "da68b70e-7b1e-4d36-b45f-3123de4b521d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "579abe99-898c-41fa-8e56-90d675cf89e0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "3194a154f5d2cb05d40bf8f40ba6d94e5777d48da3d2a96d192bfe2e3e42e532", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7af77170-b3de-48d3-8728-a68966ed8f7e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ce72e62f0f090531a4209525453836b907eac94d61d7822941539540e1c1778f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nAfter the industrial revolution in England in 1760 AD, technology began to develop, \n\nmachines began to be created, one of which was the creation of weaving machines using \n\nsteam power in 1785 AD, and this resulted in fabrics being produced quickly and in large \n\nquantities. In 1800 AD kebaya materials have begun to be produced and better, such as \n\nVelvet, various types of fine Silk and woven fabrics began to appear and replace the Cotton \n\nVelvet material, various types of Silk and other fine woven fabrics began to emerge in place \n\nof Mori cloth which is simple woven fabrics from Cotton. Biku Kebaya is kebaya material with \n\nmotifs imported from Europe, and the last is Sulaya kebaya, namely kebaya with embroidery \n\ntechniques which are characteristic of Chinese clothing (Gumulya and Octavia, 2017: 24). \n\nIn 1900, the kebaya began to recognize among the indigenous people, besides that \n\nChinese and Dutch descendants made kebaya as their daily outfit. There are two types of \n\nkebaya known at the time, namely Encim and Kebaya Kutubaru kebaya (kebaya nyonya). \n\nKebaya Encim is a type of kebaya that is used by women of Chinese descent, usually \n\ndecorated with embroidery and embroidery. Kebaya Kutubaru is a short tunic-style kebaya \n\nwith beautiful motifs and colors. At first the kebaya is worn with a beautiful sarong and shirt \n\ncalled \"Kasut Manek\" until it finally undergoes renewal. Busana kebaya is combined with batik \n\ncloth as a subordinate (Pentasari, 2007: 13). In 1940 President Sukarno made kebaya as the \n\nnational dress for Indonesian women and until now kebaya is still worn by Indonesian women, \n\nboth official state events, and during religious ceremonies. \n\nDevelopment of Kebaya in Bali \n\nThe development of clothing in Bali is also due to the acculturation of other nations. \n\nBefore being known for fashion, female bosses only wore kamen (cloth), bulang (stagen) and \n\nkancrik (scarves), sometimes women wore towels wrapped around their upper bodies, or \n\nplaced on their heads called tengkuluk to support their hair so that they did not come loose . \n\nThe boss's outfit was already known during the reign of Sri Maharaja Jayapagus, \n\nnamely the king of the Dalem Balingkang kingdom who ruled in 1181-1269 AD This was seen \n\nfrom the clothes worn on Barong Landung Astrid as a symbol of Dewi Kang Cing We who \n\nwas the wife of Sri Maharaja Jayapagus. Barong landed wife is made by wearing clothes that \n\ncover the upper body, so it was estimated at that time the boss's clothing was known in the \n\nkingdom. \n\nWhen the Dutch expedition discovered Bali in 1597 AD, it had an influence on how to \n\ndress but at that time the kebaya was not widely known by the Balinese people. The boss's \n\noutfit is only known among nobles. This is due to the fact that it is still difficult to get fabric as", "start_char_idx": 8805, "end_char_idx": 11927, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7af77170-b3de-48d3-8728-a68966ed8f7e": {"__data__": {"id_": "7af77170-b3de-48d3-8728-a68966ed8f7e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "da68b70e-7b1e-4d36-b45f-3123de4b521d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "0d12fda0417fef849fe78b65f1dd03f8a780787f22fed612532cbd2619ad898c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fa6a5229-6aad-4f61-99c4-41ee845dae7e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a69d0abc7a7b54755345374198b76fa61e819b5fb49be1554454e6f5b8938cfc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nkebaya material, only the nobility can afford to buy cloth. The nobility began to wear kebaya \n\nand became a trendsetter at the time, so the kebaya began to be known by the wider \n\ncommunity in 1900 AD In addition, dress ethics also began to be known by Balinese women \n\nso that kebaya began to be worn a lot. \n\nThe entry of the Dutch into Indonesia, especially to the island of Bali, also brought a \n\nnew trend in fashion. Women began to think that the upper body must be covered with \n\nclothing, which is called clothes. From then on the clothes began to be worn by women in \n\nBali. In addition to the influence of western culture, the development of kebaya clothing in Bali \n\nalso has the influence of Javanese fashion, this can be seen from the kebaya fashion models \n\nin the form of collars, sleeves and long kebaya. The frequent use of kebaya that provides \n\ncomfort and is related to ethics, kebaya is finally used as traditional Balinese clothing. Kebaya \n\nbegan to be worn as everyday clothing and clothing for religious ceremonies. The kebaya \n\nmodel known at that time was kebaya with the Kartini and Kutubaru models. The habit of \n\nwearing a scarf or towel to cover the upper body is still worn by wrapping around the waist. \n\nUntil now, the cloth wrapped around the waist is known as the shawl. So that until now every \n\nwearing a kebaya is always equipped with a shawl. \n\nThe kebaya model is initially divided into three (3), namely: \n\na. Kebaya with hand model ebar widened down or widened at the end of the hand, \n\nPanjang kebaya to the center of the buttocks with front openings given joint gold pins \n\nor studs. \n\nb. Kebaya with a long arm model of approximately 3-4 fingers above the wrist, but still \n\nwidens at the end of the hand called the horse foot model. The front kebaya openings \n\nare given gold pins and buttons. \n\nc. Kebaya with long straight hand pieces to the wrist. The front openings use safety pins \n\nor gold buttons. \n\nAlong with the development of the times, kebaya models in Bali began to experience \n\ngrowth, namely using beef, namely cloth that is placed on the front opening. There are two \n\ntypes of beef, namely beef with one cloth and beef with two fabrics. Judging from the materials \n\nused as kebaya are silk, chiffon, cotton, brocade, tille with various motifs and colors. Kebaya \n\nclothing in Bali has no sacred elements, but kebaya is one of the elements of culture adapted \n\nto the teachings of Hinduism. Besides that, in the use of clothing in Bali based on the village \n\nof Kala Patrayaitu the use of kebaya is adjusted to the space, time and place of use.", "start_char_idx": 11932, "end_char_idx": 14831, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fa6a5229-6aad-4f61-99c4-41ee845dae7e": {"__data__": {"id_": "fa6a5229-6aad-4f61-99c4-41ee845dae7e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7af77170-b3de-48d3-8728-a68966ed8f7e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "17ddcaabfbe20953fcf2b29ad6fa39191509851f026f6b93e4848537287c54e0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "58884773-f9aa-441f-ad0d-0127e05e0d70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9b087c218471178b818c08187cf97878ccf1971248bcd520222b058ca36d6f77", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\n Representation of Kebaya Fashion to Women's Temples in Pura Agung Jagatnatha \n\nDenpasar. \n\nMany representations relate to cultural studies to examine the way in which meaning \n\nis produced in various contexts. In accordance with the opinion of Barker (2006: 9), \n\nrepresentation and cultural meaning have materiality, among others, can be objects. The \n\ndevelopment of Balinese culture today has undergone a change from an agrarian culture to \n\nan industrial culture due to the process of globalization. The existence of globalism changes \n\nis the lifestyle of Balinese women in choosing fashion when going to temple. Pura Agung \n\nJagatnatha is the largest temple in the city of Denpasar, which is a temple of Khayangan \n\nJagat. Pura Agung Jagatnatha is always crowded with people on the holy day of Purnama \n\nTilem and religious holidays such as Saraswati Day, Galungan, Kuningan, and Ciwalatri. Pura \n\nAgung Jagatnatha is a public temple without any difference in origin and sorrow from the \n\nTangkil people. This is what causes contemporary women in the city of Denpasar to make \n\nthe Agung Jagatnatha temple as a place to represent kebaya clothing. Pura Agung \n\nJagatnataha seems to be used as a caltwalk to demonstrate the trendy kebaya clothing worn \n\nby contemporary women in Denpasar City. Seeing this condition can be said by contemporary \n\nwomen no one wants to miss the current of globalization. \n\nThe culture of globalism through various advertisements and electronic media has \n\nhegemony the minds of Balinese women so that they have unconsciously become part of \n\nglobalism (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 592). This has an impact on the confusion of Balinese \n\nwomen in consuming so that Balinese women do not consider the value of use and give \n\npriority to symbolic values (Atmadja, 2011: 90). The impact is that Balinese women cannot \n\ndistinguish between needs and desires in dress. \n\nToday many Balinese women wear translucent kebaya brocade clothes, when they go to the \n\ntemple. Contemporary women prefer to follow fashion trends that are trending so that they \n\ncan provide satisfaction after using a trendy product, as shown in the following figure 1..", "start_char_idx": 14836, "end_char_idx": 17299, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "58884773-f9aa-441f-ad0d-0127e05e0d70": {"__data__": {"id_": "58884773-f9aa-441f-ad0d-0127e05e0d70", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fa6a5229-6aad-4f61-99c4-41ee845dae7e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "413fd75f0ebf445e449ce3fc066612575818f5e27abb7d050acbf06d0e974486", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7b098672-d58b-4f93-9d12-f63db380db38", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "131a650a0ebabe675058acfbea97a2838e1e164e35536a11797a5c7c508bdf8f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\n \n\nFigure 1. The representation form of women when praying \nSource:  Suasmini, 2016. \n\n \nKebaya attire worn during worship to the temple as seen in figure 2.1 is a \n\nrepresentation of contemporary women in the city of Denpasar today. Pink kebaya is worn in \n\na trend today with design modifications to the shoulders and arms to show the shoulders and \n\nupper chest. The most important thing in appearance is the factor of beauty, elegance and \n\nfashion that is trending. The use of clothing that highlights body parts not only applies when \n\nBalinese women are outside the temple, but also when going to the temple (Atmadja, 2010: \n\n245). \n\nKebaya for women in Denpasar City does not only function as a wrapping of the body \n\nbut has another meaning, namely to show class or social status. This can be seen from the \n\ndevelopment of kebaya worn by women in Denpasar City when attending religious activities. \n\nToday every religious activity of women always wears a trendy kebaya model and color. \n\nKebaya as a capitalist production, comes as if it has the power to define itself through itself \n\nand women in Denpasar City adore kebaya clothing that can change their lifestyle they. This \n\nsocial phenomenon is fetishism as something that works in the traffic of social labeling. \n\nFetishism is the attitude that cults a particular object because the object is believed to have \n\npower or spirit. When this attitude is associated with the term \"commodity\", then what is meant \n\nis the worship of a product because of its enchanting charm.  \n\nThis means kebaya worn is believed to be a charm so that its use can look beautiful, \n\nsexy and fashionable when wearing a trendy kebaya. Baudrillard (1981: 63) mentions objects \n\nas signs in the marking value rules that can be classified between two statements, \n\nfunctionality and reenactment which is actually exaggerated (ostention). Both information can \n\nbe part of the same object so that objects can be devices that combine \"randomness with the \n\nappearance of a functionality\". An object shows a demonstration that is exaggerated", "start_char_idx": 17304, "end_char_idx": 19675, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7b098672-d58b-4f93-9d12-f63db380db38": {"__data__": {"id_": "7b098672-d58b-4f93-9d12-f63db380db38", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "58884773-f9aa-441f-ad0d-0127e05e0d70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "a7bfc88370863a858c2dc935166210b0ee3306e175fa3be4aff3e09fc910d6f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cbe1dfbe-9765-4039-8ce4-5c769e094142", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b50696379e5396502c227a916d5e9deb20788bfc55ba1b99834551cee09ccc0c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\n(ostention), and if a sign of that value is what fosters someone's desire for the object, then \n\nthe object turns into a fetish. Due to the concept of capitalism that causes a person to have \n\nfalse needs, then to bring reality to imagination, capitalists create substitutions in the form of \n\nvarious lifestyles, aesthetics, rituals, prestige and symbolic identity behind the ownership of \n\na commodity so that people get satisfaction that is not real but imagination. \n\nKebaya is a dress to cover the body when someone wants to do an activity. Using \n\nmodels, colors and certain kebaya fabrics is a good consideration when coming to the temple \n\nand reception. Women always want to look trendy when attending large ceremonial activities \n\nand offering worship to the temple. This can be seen in the appearance of contemporary \n\nwomen at the time of the Kuningan holiday in Agung Jagatnatha Temple, as seen in Figure \n\n2.  \n\n \n\nFigure 2. The representation of Kebaya to temple in Kuningan celebration \nSource:  Suasmini, 2016 \n\n \n\nThe representation of the kebaya in figure 2.2 shows this contemporary woman, \n\nvery concerned about her appearance from the tip of her hair to her toes. The selection of \n\nwhite clothes that are tailored to the color of the necklace and the worn sandals are white, \n\nshawl, cloth (kamen) and the bag chosen in yellow. The choice of clothing is of course with \n\nthe consideration of trendy looks on the Kuningan holiday. Every woman always wants to \n\nlook beautiful, similar things are also expressed by Goffman (in Stolley, 2005: 70), every \n\nhuman being always wants to present himself into his environment. The appearance of \n\nkebaya clothing that is produced and worn and displayed in the beauty of illusion and \n\nillusion of instinct towards irrational, beauty and pleasure that can represent the contents \n\nof the heart in a kebaya fashion display.", "start_char_idx": 19680, "end_char_idx": 21857, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cbe1dfbe-9765-4039-8ce4-5c769e094142": {"__data__": {"id_": "cbe1dfbe-9765-4039-8ce4-5c769e094142", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7b098672-d58b-4f93-9d12-f63db380db38", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "ac085fde29de42cd5bc0f15c6c3519bfb1c590e41c56d694a294ed580cf8fde8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "602f547e-5fa9-4d79-b530-9eedc7fb82de", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a5cd62f7f3c98cfc2157c187ae220b49d0d469405200bbc2c9a85d5247a153f9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\nPhysical appearance as an attribute of lifestyle itself, will be symbolic or a sign that \n\ncan be read. Fashion choices in addition to showing the level of one's social status in society \n\nare also symbols of the lifestyle of someone who understands the development of the times. \n\nThis kebaya fashion consumption is not based on use value but to mark wealth and social \n\nstatus. Piliang (2011: 148) mentions consumption to be a phenomenon of language and \n\nsignification. Consumption of objects is not just to spend use value and utility value, but also \n\nto communicate or represent or mark messages or specific meanings. The representation of \n\nthe kebaya fashion at the Agung Jagatnatha temple was carried out by women to show that \n\npursuing prayers must also be fashionable and do not want to be considered outdated. The \n\ndevelopment of this kebaya has resulted in contemporary women not wanting to be outdated \n\nand always wanting to look fashionable. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nThe reason for the fashion to go to the great Jagatnatha temple as a representation \n\nof women in Denpasar City is because the kebaya fashion today is experiencing very rapid \n\ndevelopment. This is due to the rapid advancement of technology and information. \n\nTechnological advancements have made fabric kebaya and kebaya colors easy to make, \n\ncausing the trend of kebaya both material, models and colors to change rapidly. The kebaya \n\nfashion representation is carried out at the Agung Jagatnatha temple which is the largest \n\ntemple and is always crowded with people for prayer. To be considered trendy and not \n\noutdated, women to the Jagatnatha grand temple must also be fashionable. This temple \n\nseems to be a stage show so that a trendy appearance can be seen and noticed by fellow \n\nwomen or men in Agung Jagatnatha Temple. It can be said that in order to show its status, \n\nprayer also must be fashionable and unwilling to be considered outdated. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n \nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa. 2011.  Ajeg Bali Gerakan, Identitas Cultural, dan Gobalisasi. \n\nYogyakarta. LKiS. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre (Haryatmoko). 2003. Menyingkap Kepalsuan Budaya Penguasa. Jurnal \n\nBasis. Yogyakarta: BP Basis. \n\nChaney, David. 1996. Lifestyle. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nLombard, Dennys. 2008. Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya Jilid 2. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.", "start_char_idx": 21862, "end_char_idx": 24464, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "602f547e-5fa9-4d79-b530-9eedc7fb82de": {"__data__": {"id_": "602f547e-5fa9-4d79-b530-9eedc7fb82de", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-52995", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "727a2150abf6d8f002398a81a7ac47a955e1c203d092e29b0ed4ae09bb9abeb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cbe1dfbe-9765-4039-8ce4-5c769e094142", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "59db9c948076036aed116bcc2b854934a877c0e7528672176d1cb9dcb2ae6800", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e505c804-e897-4529-aa80-83097ef2c8fd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4e7812c22ddf251bf017af0f06801534e9c9356f4667a0acdffba28cc020f3fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\nPentasari, Ria. , 2007. Chic In Kebaya. Jakarta: Erlangga. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2011. Dunia yang Dilipat Tamasya Melampaui Batas-Batas \n\nKebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Matahari. \n\nPinardi, Slamet dan Winston S.D Mambo 1993. \u201dPerdagangan pada Masa Majapahit\u201d, dalam \n\n700 Tahun Majapahit (1293-1993) Suatu Bunga Rampai, Surabaya: Disparda \n\nPropinsi Jawa Timur. \n\nRitzer, George dan Goodman, Douglas J. 2010. Teori Sosial modern. Jakarta: Kencana \n\nPrenada Media Group. \n\nSutjiatiningsih, Sri, dkk. 1997. Banten Kota Pelabuhan Jalan Sutra Kumpulan Makalah \n\nDiskusi. Jakarta: Depdikbud. \n\nTriyanto. 2011. Eksistensi Kebaya dari Masa ke Masa. Yogyakarta: PT. Intan Sejati Klaten. \n\nWitriasih, Ayu. 2004. Materi Seminar Tata Busana Adat Bali. Disampaikan pada seminar \n\ndalam rangka pemilihan Putrid an Ratu Kebaya \n\nZarkhoviche, Baha. 2015. Laksamana Cheng Ho Panglima Islam Penakluk Dunia. \n\n            Yogyakarta: Araska Publisher.", "start_char_idx": 24469, "end_char_idx": 25688, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e505c804-e897-4529-aa80-83097ef2c8fd": {"__data__": {"id_": "e505c804-e897-4529-aa80-83097ef2c8fd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "602f547e-5fa9-4d79-b530-9eedc7fb82de", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-52995", "author": "Sri Suasmini, I Dewa Ayu; Ardika, I Wayan; Sulistyawati, Sulistyawati; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " REPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE DENPASAR", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-52995.pdf"}, "hash": "4b6e2524a4fdcf6e5321211afc55bc59e6d0686694dc4776e8d8a2d6581f10b8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0f74826d-f1c0-4b06-a9f9-9040657875e7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1de66ca4ddada676c2462c266ea4778e49131dba648754bd6250792f9d9fc5f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - ARTIKEL DEWA AYU\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\nREPRESENTATION OF KEBAYA FASHION IN JAGATNATHA TEMPLE \nDENPASAR \n\n \nI Dewa Ayu Sri Suasmini1, I Wayan Ardika2 ,Sulistyawati3 \n\nNi Made Wiasti4 \n \n\n1Institute of the Arts of Indonesia Denpasar, 234 Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, \nUdayana University  \n\nEmail:  1srisuasmini@yahoo.com, 2ardika52@yahoo.co.id,  4mwiasti@yahoo.com \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nKebaya is a traditional Balinese outfit worn during religious ceremonies. Kebaya as a fashion \nboss today is experiencing rapid development. Women in the city of Denpasar tend to follow \nthe trend of fesyenkebaya when offering worship to the temple. Modern kebaya is a choice \nas a representation when going to the Great Jagatnatha Temple. Women always want to \nappear fasionabeldan want to be the center of attention. As if the Great Jagatnatha Temple \nwas used as a fashion show stage by women in Denpasar City. This phenomenon is \ninteresting to study in the formulation of the problem, which is the fashion style to Agung \nJagatnatha Temple as a representation of women in Denpasar City. This study used \ndescriptive qualitative method. The theory used is representation theory and consumerism. \nThe results of this study indicate that the reason women represent kebaya to temple is \nbecause the development of kebaya today is very rapid. This development is due to the \nadvancement of technology and information so that materials and models of kebaya can be \nquickly produced. This causes women to wear trendy kebaya so that it is not considered \noutdated. Pura Agung Jagatnatha is a public temple and the largest temple in the city of \nDenpasar is always crowded with visitors on Hindu religious holidays. Agung Jagatnatha \nTemple is used as a place to represent the performance during prayer. For contemporary \nwomen in the city of Denpasar, not only when attending a reception, when praying to the \ntemple must also be fashionable. \n \nKeywords: representation, fashion kebaya to temple, fashionable. \n \n \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n \n\nThe development of fashion can be seen from the fashion travel worn in every age. \n\nStarting from primitive mankind, prehistoric times, modern times and this era of globalization \n\ndefinitely requires clothing. Clothing is one of the basic needs in human life in order to provide \n\ncomfort in activities. Humans as social beings always have desires or needs that are always \n\ndeveloping, one of which is the desire to decorate themselves to look more than others. \n\nKebaya as a fashion boss today is experiencing rapid development. Kebaya is a \n\ntraditional Balinese outfit worn during religious ceremonies such as at a temple prayer", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2991, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0f74826d-f1c0-4b06-a9f9-9040657875e7": {"__data__": {"id_": "0f74826d-f1c0-4b06-a9f9-9040657875e7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e505c804-e897-4529-aa80-83097ef2c8fd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "beec18eb63aedf50559c81404983f0a8f8b5c5aa0798e739e2ecddc44fa780c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "780a36aa-01cb-4cc1-b487-cb6ce44885fa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "649768c9aded1a24bea09a08c79ae506b9fd7384c82ba6f4ec0814af5b5d39eb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nceremony, while attending a reception for a religious ceremony. Beside during religious \n\nceremonies, kebaya is also often worn at graduation. Kebaya models continue to change, as \n\nwell as the colors of kebaya, accessories and accessories, they also experience growth. \n\nBali as a tourism destination cannot avoid cultural transformation that is very fast \n\nhappening. The change in culture will lead to fundamental changes in the various lives of \n\nBalinese people, including in terms of traditional Balinese fashion. Changes in socio-cultural \n\naspects will affect traditional norms and dress codes that apply in the community. \n\nToday women in the city of Denpasar tend to follow the kebaya fashion trends to the \n\ntemple. Likewise, other kebaya fashion such as kamen and accessories are also experiencing \n\ndevelopment and are always represented when going to the temple. Wome always want to \n\nlook trendy and want to be the center of attention when making a prayer to Agung Jagatnatha \n\nTemple. As if the Great Jagatnatha Temple was used as a stage for fashion shows by women \n\nin Denpasar City. Seeing this phenomenon, this study discusses why the fashion kebaya to \n\nthe Great Jagatnatha temple as a representation of women in the city of Denpasar. This study \n\nused descriptive qualitative method. The theory used in this study is representation theory \n\nand consumerism. The purpose of this study was to find out the reason for the fashion kebaya \n\nto Jagatnatha grand temple as a representation of contemporary women in the city of \n\nDenpasar. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\n This research was designed using cultural study approach. The data collection \n\nprocess was conducted using in-depth interview, observation, dan document study. The deta \n\nanalysis used descriptive qualitative method. The theory used is representation theory and \n\nconsumerism.  \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nThe development of fashion from the era of ancient kingdoms to modern times looks \n\ndifferent. The clothing worn by BC women was very simple namely berupakain which is \n\nwrapped around the body using the technique of pain. The function of clothing at that time in \n\naddition to protecting the body also to decorate the body, while in modern times in terms of \n\npracticality and comfort began to be considered when wearing clothes. The development of \n\nfashion fashion is influenced by the socio-cultural and environmental conditions of the local \n\narea. According to Bourdieu that lifestyle is understood as a whole taste, beliefs that", "start_char_idx": 2996, "end_char_idx": 5810, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "780a36aa-01cb-4cc1-b487-cb6ce44885fa": {"__data__": {"id_": "780a36aa-01cb-4cc1-b487-cb6ce44885fa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0f74826d-f1c0-4b06-a9f9-9040657875e7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "b06464daf21f318cf9baf4762c16707c6e0e69ddf7adf565f49e5926916f9f91", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6cc9e1ad-0b40-41ca-b6f7-d30936ad2aa4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ca10bd346dac406655edcecfe8d358c50da1e85b1e4eb11c7d5a157601414034", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\ncharacterize a class include political opinion, philosophical beliefs, moral beliefs, aesthetic \n\ntastes and also food, fashion culture (Bourdieu, 2003: 9). \n\nDevelopment of Kebaya in Indonesia \n\nKebaya as traditional Balinese clothing has a philosophy that contains life values, \n\nsuch as the value of obedience, refinement and actions of women who must be gentle. \n\nKebaya also has more meaning and function, which is seen from its simple form which shows \n\nthe simplicity of Indonesian people. In addition, the kebaya is always worn with a cloth that \n\ncovers the wearer's body so that it will limit his movements to move quickly, this is \n\nsynonymous with a graceful female personality. \n\nThe beginning of the cultural history of dress in Indonesia is inseparable from the \n\ncultural influences of other nations that have stopped and lived in Indonesia in trade relations. \n\nNations that have stopped in Indonesia include Chinese, Indian, Arabic, Portuguese, and \n\nfinally from the Netherlands. Indonesia is a maritime country and is also a very old crossing \n\narea, which may be said to have existed since the beginning of the western orientalism \n\ntradition (Lombard: 2008: 9). \n\nIn the era of the Majapahit Empire, Javanese traders had imported fashion materials \n\nsuch as cotton and silk textiles to be exchanged for spices which were then exported to \n\nChinese (Pinardi and Mambo, 1993: 185). It is estimated that when Chinese traders who \n\nstopped in Indonesia were already wearing clothes that covered their upper bodies. The \n\ntraders brought influence in terms of dress and finally clothing to cover the upper body began \n\nto be known by the people of Indonesia. \n\nPerhaps in 1400 AD Chinese immigrants from China took part in introducing kebaya \n\nto Indonesia. This is known from clothes such as kebaya, which are loose-sleeved long-\n\nsleeved clothes that are closed at the edges. This shirt is known as the bei-zi which is worn \n\nby women from lower social circles during the Ming Dynasty (Triyanto, 2011: 4). It is estimated \n\nthat the clothes made at that time were still very simple because the existing equipment was \n\nstill very traditional like a loom that was moved by hand. Over time and the development of \n\ntechnology is increasingly advanced, resulting in more fabrics being produced and clothing \n\nthat is made can be easier. As well with clothes worn by Chinese women also developed into \n\nfashion known as Encim kebaya. After cultural adjustments that lasted for hundreds of years, \n\nkebaya clothing began to be accepted in Indonesia and began to spread to Malacca, Java, \n\nBali, Sumatra and Sulawesi. In 1600 AD the kebaya was officially worn by the royal family.", "start_char_idx": 5815, "end_char_idx": 8799, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6cc9e1ad-0b40-41ca-b6f7-d30936ad2aa4": {"__data__": {"id_": "6cc9e1ad-0b40-41ca-b6f7-d30936ad2aa4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "780a36aa-01cb-4cc1-b487-cb6ce44885fa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "7f8e38373d71fbda2857d990f9dedff9c3d58c1ae7c7f7abeb24bf9a800764d5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fc5bcf61-8610-4abf-9dcb-ed0064d63796", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ce72e62f0f090531a4209525453836b907eac94d61d7822941539540e1c1778f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nAfter the industrial revolution in England in 1760 AD, technology began to develop, \n\nmachines began to be created, one of which was the creation of weaving machines using \n\nsteam power in 1785 AD, and this resulted in fabrics being produced quickly and in large \n\nquantities. In 1800 AD kebaya materials have begun to be produced and better, such as \n\nVelvet, various types of fine Silk and woven fabrics began to appear and replace the Cotton \n\nVelvet material, various types of Silk and other fine woven fabrics began to emerge in place \n\nof Mori cloth which is simple woven fabrics from Cotton. Biku Kebaya is kebaya material with \n\nmotifs imported from Europe, and the last is Sulaya kebaya, namely kebaya with embroidery \n\ntechniques which are characteristic of Chinese clothing (Gumulya and Octavia, 2017: 24). \n\nIn 1900, the kebaya began to recognize among the indigenous people, besides that \n\nChinese and Dutch descendants made kebaya as their daily outfit. There are two types of \n\nkebaya known at the time, namely Encim and Kebaya Kutubaru kebaya (kebaya nyonya). \n\nKebaya Encim is a type of kebaya that is used by women of Chinese descent, usually \n\ndecorated with embroidery and embroidery. Kebaya Kutubaru is a short tunic-style kebaya \n\nwith beautiful motifs and colors. At first the kebaya is worn with a beautiful sarong and shirt \n\ncalled \"Kasut Manek\" until it finally undergoes renewal. Busana kebaya is combined with batik \n\ncloth as a subordinate (Pentasari, 2007: 13). In 1940 President Sukarno made kebaya as the \n\nnational dress for Indonesian women and until now kebaya is still worn by Indonesian women, \n\nboth official state events, and during religious ceremonies. \n\nDevelopment of Kebaya in Bali \n\nThe development of clothing in Bali is also due to the acculturation of other nations. \n\nBefore being known for fashion, female bosses only wore kamen (cloth), bulang (stagen) and \n\nkancrik (scarves), sometimes women wore towels wrapped around their upper bodies, or \n\nplaced on their heads called tengkuluk to support their hair so that they did not come loose . \n\nThe boss's outfit was already known during the reign of Sri Maharaja Jayapagus, \n\nnamely the king of the Dalem Balingkang kingdom who ruled in 1181-1269 AD This was seen \n\nfrom the clothes worn on Barong Landung Astrid as a symbol of Dewi Kang Cing We who \n\nwas the wife of Sri Maharaja Jayapagus. Barong landed wife is made by wearing clothes that \n\ncover the upper body, so it was estimated at that time the boss's clothing was known in the \n\nkingdom. \n\nWhen the Dutch expedition discovered Bali in 1597 AD, it had an influence on how to \n\ndress but at that time the kebaya was not widely known by the Balinese people. The boss's \n\noutfit is only known among nobles. This is due to the fact that it is still difficult to get fabric as", "start_char_idx": 8805, "end_char_idx": 11927, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fc5bcf61-8610-4abf-9dcb-ed0064d63796": {"__data__": {"id_": "fc5bcf61-8610-4abf-9dcb-ed0064d63796", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6cc9e1ad-0b40-41ca-b6f7-d30936ad2aa4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "0d1e091bbb712af6e2ad1ecd5334a2754bc8328187e4c16a4dc1b5182ea07a0a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "79a80436-38ce-4cba-9974-ee8c8cc458b4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a69d0abc7a7b54755345374198b76fa61e819b5fb49be1554454e6f5b8938cfc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nkebaya material, only the nobility can afford to buy cloth. The nobility began to wear kebaya \n\nand became a trendsetter at the time, so the kebaya began to be known by the wider \n\ncommunity in 1900 AD In addition, dress ethics also began to be known by Balinese women \n\nso that kebaya began to be worn a lot. \n\nThe entry of the Dutch into Indonesia, especially to the island of Bali, also brought a \n\nnew trend in fashion. Women began to think that the upper body must be covered with \n\nclothing, which is called clothes. From then on the clothes began to be worn by women in \n\nBali. In addition to the influence of western culture, the development of kebaya clothing in Bali \n\nalso has the influence of Javanese fashion, this can be seen from the kebaya fashion models \n\nin the form of collars, sleeves and long kebaya. The frequent use of kebaya that provides \n\ncomfort and is related to ethics, kebaya is finally used as traditional Balinese clothing. Kebaya \n\nbegan to be worn as everyday clothing and clothing for religious ceremonies. The kebaya \n\nmodel known at that time was kebaya with the Kartini and Kutubaru models. The habit of \n\nwearing a scarf or towel to cover the upper body is still worn by wrapping around the waist. \n\nUntil now, the cloth wrapped around the waist is known as the shawl. So that until now every \n\nwearing a kebaya is always equipped with a shawl. \n\nThe kebaya model is initially divided into three (3), namely: \n\na. Kebaya with hand model ebar widened down or widened at the end of the hand, \n\nPanjang kebaya to the center of the buttocks with front openings given joint gold pins \n\nor studs. \n\nb. Kebaya with a long arm model of approximately 3-4 fingers above the wrist, but still \n\nwidens at the end of the hand called the horse foot model. The front kebaya openings \n\nare given gold pins and buttons. \n\nc. Kebaya with long straight hand pieces to the wrist. The front openings use safety pins \n\nor gold buttons. \n\nAlong with the development of the times, kebaya models in Bali began to experience \n\ngrowth, namely using beef, namely cloth that is placed on the front opening. There are two \n\ntypes of beef, namely beef with one cloth and beef with two fabrics. Judging from the materials \n\nused as kebaya are silk, chiffon, cotton, brocade, tille with various motifs and colors. Kebaya \n\nclothing in Bali has no sacred elements, but kebaya is one of the elements of culture adapted \n\nto the teachings of Hinduism. Besides that, in the use of clothing in Bali based on the village \n\nof Kala Patrayaitu the use of kebaya is adjusted to the space, time and place of use.", "start_char_idx": 11932, "end_char_idx": 14831, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "79a80436-38ce-4cba-9974-ee8c8cc458b4": {"__data__": {"id_": "79a80436-38ce-4cba-9974-ee8c8cc458b4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fc5bcf61-8610-4abf-9dcb-ed0064d63796", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "c9879c272eb597825cdcb13bf872659316052e8b8527b254408e3292f2c1ec23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bf672df3-a844-4706-a099-cc0cff6daf01", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9b087c218471178b818c08187cf97878ccf1971248bcd520222b058ca36d6f77", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\n Representation of Kebaya Fashion to Women's Temples in Pura Agung Jagatnatha \n\nDenpasar. \n\nMany representations relate to cultural studies to examine the way in which meaning \n\nis produced in various contexts. In accordance with the opinion of Barker (2006: 9), \n\nrepresentation and cultural meaning have materiality, among others, can be objects. The \n\ndevelopment of Balinese culture today has undergone a change from an agrarian culture to \n\nan industrial culture due to the process of globalization. The existence of globalism changes \n\nis the lifestyle of Balinese women in choosing fashion when going to temple. Pura Agung \n\nJagatnatha is the largest temple in the city of Denpasar, which is a temple of Khayangan \n\nJagat. Pura Agung Jagatnatha is always crowded with people on the holy day of Purnama \n\nTilem and religious holidays such as Saraswati Day, Galungan, Kuningan, and Ciwalatri. Pura \n\nAgung Jagatnatha is a public temple without any difference in origin and sorrow from the \n\nTangkil people. This is what causes contemporary women in the city of Denpasar to make \n\nthe Agung Jagatnatha temple as a place to represent kebaya clothing. Pura Agung \n\nJagatnataha seems to be used as a caltwalk to demonstrate the trendy kebaya clothing worn \n\nby contemporary women in Denpasar City. Seeing this condition can be said by contemporary \n\nwomen no one wants to miss the current of globalization. \n\nThe culture of globalism through various advertisements and electronic media has \n\nhegemony the minds of Balinese women so that they have unconsciously become part of \n\nglobalism (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 592). This has an impact on the confusion of Balinese \n\nwomen in consuming so that Balinese women do not consider the value of use and give \n\npriority to symbolic values (Atmadja, 2011: 90). The impact is that Balinese women cannot \n\ndistinguish between needs and desires in dress. \n\nToday many Balinese women wear translucent kebaya brocade clothes, when they go to the \n\ntemple. Contemporary women prefer to follow fashion trends that are trending so that they \n\ncan provide satisfaction after using a trendy product, as shown in the following figure 1..", "start_char_idx": 14836, "end_char_idx": 17299, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bf672df3-a844-4706-a099-cc0cff6daf01": {"__data__": {"id_": "bf672df3-a844-4706-a099-cc0cff6daf01", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "79a80436-38ce-4cba-9974-ee8c8cc458b4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "15df06e5bc27933568d5731d8ff37ef3f49987b781c85e2e4dd6f6b951c462c8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2ffb58c9-0a40-44e2-ab3c-848dfb4583c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "131a650a0ebabe675058acfbea97a2838e1e164e35536a11797a5c7c508bdf8f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\n \n\nFigure 1. The representation form of women when praying \nSource:  Suasmini, 2016. \n\n \nKebaya attire worn during worship to the temple as seen in figure 2.1 is a \n\nrepresentation of contemporary women in the city of Denpasar today. Pink kebaya is worn in \n\na trend today with design modifications to the shoulders and arms to show the shoulders and \n\nupper chest. The most important thing in appearance is the factor of beauty, elegance and \n\nfashion that is trending. The use of clothing that highlights body parts not only applies when \n\nBalinese women are outside the temple, but also when going to the temple (Atmadja, 2010: \n\n245). \n\nKebaya for women in Denpasar City does not only function as a wrapping of the body \n\nbut has another meaning, namely to show class or social status. This can be seen from the \n\ndevelopment of kebaya worn by women in Denpasar City when attending religious activities. \n\nToday every religious activity of women always wears a trendy kebaya model and color. \n\nKebaya as a capitalist production, comes as if it has the power to define itself through itself \n\nand women in Denpasar City adore kebaya clothing that can change their lifestyle they. This \n\nsocial phenomenon is fetishism as something that works in the traffic of social labeling. \n\nFetishism is the attitude that cults a particular object because the object is believed to have \n\npower or spirit. When this attitude is associated with the term \"commodity\", then what is meant \n\nis the worship of a product because of its enchanting charm.  \n\nThis means kebaya worn is believed to be a charm so that its use can look beautiful, \n\nsexy and fashionable when wearing a trendy kebaya. Baudrillard (1981: 63) mentions objects \n\nas signs in the marking value rules that can be classified between two statements, \n\nfunctionality and reenactment which is actually exaggerated (ostention). Both information can \n\nbe part of the same object so that objects can be devices that combine \"randomness with the \n\nappearance of a functionality\". An object shows a demonstration that is exaggerated", "start_char_idx": 17304, "end_char_idx": 19675, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2ffb58c9-0a40-44e2-ab3c-848dfb4583c9": {"__data__": {"id_": "2ffb58c9-0a40-44e2-ab3c-848dfb4583c9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bf672df3-a844-4706-a099-cc0cff6daf01", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "fe5739ca4ba31ad2fec938613c39ecdccc093bdab3a64ba81ec06acec2ceae46", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f915ead6-aade-4adb-af4c-51aaf649e12a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b50696379e5396502c227a916d5e9deb20788bfc55ba1b99834551cee09ccc0c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\n(ostention), and if a sign of that value is what fosters someone's desire for the object, then \n\nthe object turns into a fetish. Due to the concept of capitalism that causes a person to have \n\nfalse needs, then to bring reality to imagination, capitalists create substitutions in the form of \n\nvarious lifestyles, aesthetics, rituals, prestige and symbolic identity behind the ownership of \n\na commodity so that people get satisfaction that is not real but imagination. \n\nKebaya is a dress to cover the body when someone wants to do an activity. Using \n\nmodels, colors and certain kebaya fabrics is a good consideration when coming to the temple \n\nand reception. Women always want to look trendy when attending large ceremonial activities \n\nand offering worship to the temple. This can be seen in the appearance of contemporary \n\nwomen at the time of the Kuningan holiday in Agung Jagatnatha Temple, as seen in Figure \n\n2.  \n\n \n\nFigure 2. The representation of Kebaya to temple in Kuningan celebration \nSource:  Suasmini, 2016 \n\n \n\nThe representation of the kebaya in figure 2.2 shows this contemporary woman, \n\nvery concerned about her appearance from the tip of her hair to her toes. The selection of \n\nwhite clothes that are tailored to the color of the necklace and the worn sandals are white, \n\nshawl, cloth (kamen) and the bag chosen in yellow. The choice of clothing is of course with \n\nthe consideration of trendy looks on the Kuningan holiday. Every woman always wants to \n\nlook beautiful, similar things are also expressed by Goffman (in Stolley, 2005: 70), every \n\nhuman being always wants to present himself into his environment. The appearance of \n\nkebaya clothing that is produced and worn and displayed in the beauty of illusion and \n\nillusion of instinct towards irrational, beauty and pleasure that can represent the contents \n\nof the heart in a kebaya fashion display.", "start_char_idx": 19680, "end_char_idx": 21857, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f915ead6-aade-4adb-af4c-51aaf649e12a": {"__data__": {"id_": "f915ead6-aade-4adb-af4c-51aaf649e12a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2ffb58c9-0a40-44e2-ab3c-848dfb4583c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5bb4146bc99a1663455cf62f281b42d1b80b1088bded622c68b4adc2aa706276", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2668793d-1b85-4ae2-bb7f-9afd9ea316ac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a5cd62f7f3c98cfc2157c187ae220b49d0d469405200bbc2c9a85d5247a153f9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\nPhysical appearance as an attribute of lifestyle itself, will be symbolic or a sign that \n\ncan be read. Fashion choices in addition to showing the level of one's social status in society \n\nare also symbols of the lifestyle of someone who understands the development of the times. \n\nThis kebaya fashion consumption is not based on use value but to mark wealth and social \n\nstatus. Piliang (2011: 148) mentions consumption to be a phenomenon of language and \n\nsignification. Consumption of objects is not just to spend use value and utility value, but also \n\nto communicate or represent or mark messages or specific meanings. The representation of \n\nthe kebaya fashion at the Agung Jagatnatha temple was carried out by women to show that \n\npursuing prayers must also be fashionable and do not want to be considered outdated. The \n\ndevelopment of this kebaya has resulted in contemporary women not wanting to be outdated \n\nand always wanting to look fashionable. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nThe reason for the fashion to go to the great Jagatnatha temple as a representation \n\nof women in Denpasar City is because the kebaya fashion today is experiencing very rapid \n\ndevelopment. This is due to the rapid advancement of technology and information. \n\nTechnological advancements have made fabric kebaya and kebaya colors easy to make, \n\ncausing the trend of kebaya both material, models and colors to change rapidly. The kebaya \n\nfashion representation is carried out at the Agung Jagatnatha temple which is the largest \n\ntemple and is always crowded with people for prayer. To be considered trendy and not \n\noutdated, women to the Jagatnatha grand temple must also be fashionable. This temple \n\nseems to be a stage show so that a trendy appearance can be seen and noticed by fellow \n\nwomen or men in Agung Jagatnatha Temple. It can be said that in order to show its status, \n\nprayer also must be fashionable and unwilling to be considered outdated. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n \nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa. 2011.  Ajeg Bali Gerakan, Identitas Cultural, dan Gobalisasi. \n\nYogyakarta. LKiS. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre (Haryatmoko). 2003. Menyingkap Kepalsuan Budaya Penguasa. Jurnal \n\nBasis. Yogyakarta: BP Basis. \n\nChaney, David. 1996. Lifestyle. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nLombard, Dennys. 2008. Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya Jilid 2. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.", "start_char_idx": 21862, "end_char_idx": 24464, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2668793d-1b85-4ae2-bb7f-9afd9ea316ac": {"__data__": {"id_": "2668793d-1b85-4ae2-bb7f-9afd9ea316ac", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53000", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "5457ea2f2c8d360d513162c1a1b456abda4630d144262ba4209a1be2d7f1bbbd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f915ead6-aade-4adb-af4c-51aaf649e12a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "2847670bd5b19a5c66a5738018d5bc2811bb0e3325b7d1c4778c5c9fe5382b9e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e9046063-7e31-4160-8cc0-5c594d2065e0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "434b17f0a14f0f2ac00e8f34e58ce5ad7f2a1e41f3d795025fafc9eea921cd6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    November 2018 Vol. 11, Number 4, Page 25-34   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\nPentasari, Ria. , 2007. Chic In Kebaya. Jakarta: Erlangga. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2011. Dunia yang Dilipat Tamasya Melampaui Batas-Batas \n\nKebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Matahari. \n\nPinardi, Slamet dan Winston S.D Mambo 1993. \u201dPerdagangan pada Masa Majapahit\u201d, dalam \n\n700 Tahun Majapahit (1293-1993) Suatu Bunga Rampai, Surabaya: Disparda \n\nPropinsi Jawa Timur. \n\nRitzer, George dan Goodman, Douglas J. 2010. Teori Sosial modern. Jakarta: Kencana \n\nPrenada Media Group. \n\nSutjiatiningsih, Sri, dkk. 1997. Banten Kota Pelabuhan Jalan Sutra Kumpulan Makalah \n\nDiskusi. Jakarta: Depdikbud. \n\nTriyanto. 2011. Eksistensi Kebaya dari Masa ke Masa. Yogyakarta: PT. Intan Sejati Klaten. \n\nWitriasih, Ayu. 2004. Materi Seminar Tata Busana Adat Bali. Disampaikan pada seminar \n\ndalam rangka pemilihan Putrid an Ratu Kebaya \n\nZarkhoviche, Baha. 2015. Laksamana Cheng Ho Panglima Islam Penakluk Dunia. \n\n            Yogyakarta: Araska Publisher.", "start_char_idx": 24469, "end_char_idx": 25688, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e9046063-7e31-4160-8cc0-5c594d2065e0": {"__data__": {"id_": "e9046063-7e31-4160-8cc0-5c594d2065e0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2668793d-1b85-4ae2-bb7f-9afd9ea316ac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53000", "author": "Syukur, La Ode; Ardhana, I Ketut; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRACTICE OF RITUALS OF CAHITELA DEFEMBULA IN MUNA ETHNICITY IN BARANGKA SUBDISTRICT", "date": "2018-11-30", "file": "ecs-53000.pdf"}, "hash": "21a551fc613e2bd79eb721987c033a1d3fc9c26ddf29b1ff7770e96799273e02", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "503079e1-5278-4a6a-912b-e5bcb32b977b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "63ac85c35c981d17d1b02855f494501e5df9c7558a8106c371c8510200176aef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Angsuviriya final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \nATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN \n\nSONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND \n \n\nAngsuviriya1, Chanokporn2 \n\n \n12Faculty of Liberal Arts,  \n\nPrince of Songkhla University, Thailand \n \n\nemail: 1chanokporn.a@psu.ac.th, 2poon_chanok@hotmail.com  \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 21-12-2018 \nAccepted Date : 12-01-2019 \nPublished Date : 28-02-2019 \n\n \n \n\nAbstract \n \n\nThe objective of this article is to study the attitudes of different age and ethnic groups reflected \nthrough the names and the taste of food, that is the southern Thais have a positive attitude \ntowards more tasteful or the taste of hot than the other ethnic groups while the Chinese Thais \nthey have a more positive attitude towards  insipid taste than the other ethnic groups. For the \nMalaysian Thais they have a more positive attitude towards the taste of sweet than the other \ntwo ethnic groups. As for main course dish, the most popular main course dishes in all the 3 \ngroups are \u201cKangsom\u201d (sour soup made of tamarind paste) and \u201cKangTaipla\u201d or \n\u201cKangPhungpla\u201d. As for dessert, the most favorite desserts in all the 3 groups are \n\u201cKlauybuatchee\u201d or Klauybuat (banana in coconut milk) and \u201cLotchong\u201d or \u201cSingaporean \nLotchong\u201d. In addition, it is found that the Chinese Thais and the southern Thais have a \nnegative attitude towards beef, eels, buffalo meat etc, while the Malaysian Thais have a \nnegative attitude towards pork because they are Muslim. When age groups have been taken \ninto account, age group 1 (15-25) does not like spicy foods, compared with the other age \ngroup. While age group 2 (35-45) has similarities in the food names of those in age group 1 \nand age group 3; therefore, there are more food names in age group 2 than those in the other \ngroups. In addition, for age group 3 (55 or more) more local names of foods are found. \n \nKeywords: Attitudes, the names and the tastes of foods, the ethnic \n \n \n\nIntroduction \n\n\u201cUrban inhabitants and countrymen in the southern Thailand have many physical \n\ncharacteristics; i.e. the light-colored, yellow or brown or dark skin, small bodies, tall and big \n\nbodies, curly or straight hair. These physical characteristics have been attributed to the \n\nassimilation of the ethnic races because of intermarriage. It may be said that there are no \n\nethnic purity or a pure race in the southern people of Thailand. All of them are the product of", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2753, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "503079e1-5278-4a6a-912b-e5bcb32b977b": {"__data__": {"id_": "503079e1-5278-4a6a-912b-e5bcb32b977b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e9046063-7e31-4160-8cc0-5c594d2065e0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "b1ec3a2accb2e85f6c78526018108ca80182fa8c93c197c4039dc7bbfa7a5758", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "52d7badf-51e0-4caf-b36b-5c76c11c66f9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "298266b4292f15d6ccc6081b56a9aca4979586e237b21616387611892638ed93", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\nthe ethnic assimilation more or less. The process of assimilation has been developed for over \n\n40,000 years ago. (Srisuchart, 2544) \n\nThere are ethnic diversities and the racial assimilation in Hat Yai District, Songkhla \n\nProvince because of migration. However, the ethnic groups can be divided into 3 main \n\ngroups: the southern Thais, the Malaysian Thais, and the Chinese Thais. Since all of 3 main \n\nraces live in the same area so they borrow cultures each other such as languages, foods, \n\nand utensils etc. but they still maintain their own identities which we can study through the \n\nnames of foods. \n\nLocal foods have the relation to the way of life, value, culture, nature or food resources \n\nin each region. However, there are also acculturations. Nevertheless; there are many original \n\nlocal foods in southern Thailand e.g. Khawyam, Khangkheypla, Khanomla, Khanomba, and \n\nKhanomkhaipla etc. but some kinds of foods have been influenced by neighboring countries \n\nor the other regions of Thailand. (Sorajaphan, 2544) \n\nBesides, Thailand has been influenced by neighboring countries, for example \n\nsouthern Thailand has been influenced on food by Malaysia, so  Muslim and Chinese foods \n\nhave been brought to local foods. In addition, the influence of northeastern food such as \n\nSomtam (green papaya salad) or foods of the middle of Thailand prevailing throughout \n\nsouthern Thailand contribute to the increase in the popularity of fast food such as pizza, KFC \n\nin southern Thailand. \n\nMuslim\u2019s food culture in southern Thailand is that Malaysian Muslims always eat food \n\ntogether in form of food set called \u201cEdae\u201d. In the tray, there are soup, vegetables, dried food \n\ne.g. fried-fish, fried-beef, cooked vegetable as salad, also shrimp-paste, Nambudoo, various \n\nkind of vegetables called Ulae. In the bowl there are dish-spoons, small bowl for washing \n\nhands, the members sit around the tray, put rice into one\u2019s mouth with one\u2019s own fingers, a \n\nleft hand for using dish spoon. Nowadays although many families change the way  of eating \n\nfrom sitting on  the mat to sitting on the chair while eating, not very few families continue \n\nproviding food set  and using hand when eating (Dalan, 2553) \n\nWhile Chinese food that Thais have been used to is ChaoZhou cuisine which has \n\nbeen derived from Guangdong Province, the so called Cantonese cuisine. It was brought in \n\nthe late Ayutthaya Period after western influences had been declined. The first thing the \n\nChinese brought to the Ayutthaya Kingdom was a wok while western cooking practice uses \n\na frying pan.", "start_char_idx": 2758, "end_char_idx": 5633, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "52d7badf-51e0-4caf-b36b-5c76c11c66f9": {"__data__": {"id_": "52d7badf-51e0-4caf-b36b-5c76c11c66f9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "503079e1-5278-4a6a-912b-e5bcb32b977b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "ef33d7d7e91b60db5d4140fff7c528294ea1940589e18fa44b4ecd3183860e56", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "67ac3d16-a019-413b-b2d3-af92d54ccfa0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "08000b295ce3a6e76d630d68f20e87913a72c0594af832b216fdde456fa78b15", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nIn the past foods that are high in fat were not popular for the Thais, their staple foods \n\nwere vegetables, fish etc. Their cooking practice is to boil, to grill and to roast. Chinese people \n\nhad introduced the new ways of cooking practice to the Thais; i.e. to stir fry, to deep fry, and \n\nto steam with a steamer box but in the past the Thais knew how to steam with a steamer \n\nmade from bamboo. In addition, the Thais borrowed Chinese words such as fry, coat with \n\nsugar. In term of food, the Thais did not like insipid soup or clear soup but they liked a kind of \n\nspicy, salty, and sour curry with colorful chili such as Kangsom, Kangphet, Tomyam (hot and \n\nsour soup). The Chinese brought Chinese soup to the kingdom of Thailand later. \n\n(Khachachiva, P. & Y., 2553) \n\nIn term of taste of southern foods, the southern Thais favor tasteful foods such as very \n\nspicy, very salty, very sour etc. Spicy taste comes from dried or fresh chili, salty from salt, \n\nshrimp paste or fish sauce, and sour from ripe tamarinds, tangerines, zalaccas, little plum \n\nmangoes, plum mangoes, or all kinds of oranges, especially garcinias. However, sweet foods \n\nare not popular for them; except Songkhla people (Sorajjaphan, 2544) \n\nIn term of geographical region, the south of Thailand is situated near the Equator. As \n\na result, people lose their energy easily so they consume a kind of food high in energy for \n\ncompensating it. It is believed that foods consisting of heat element give more energy; \n\ntherefore they help stimulate a cardiovascular system to work effectively. As a result, the \n\nsouthern people favor for a kind of spicy, sour, salty and sweet food. Vegetables containing \n\nheat element are always spicy, astringent and bitter such as sataw (stink beans), cashew \n\nleaves, blume etc., if eaten with red chili paste, these vegetables are the so called \u201cPhaknao\u201d \n\n(various vegetables) or \u201cPhakjum\u201d. The ingredients of spices are always consisted of turmeric \n\nfor fishy smelled curry. This gives energy. In addition, there is Khaoyam, consisting of turmeric \n\nleaves, Phahom leave, blume Indian leaves, lemon grass, fine dried chili, Budoo or shrimp \n\npaste, Mapraokhua (coconut stirred in a pan), fruits or sour sprouts.  The southern Thais \n\nalways prepare dried and salted foodstuffs for eating in the rainy season in order to give them \n\nenergy. The cooler the weather is, the more appetizing they are. These foods making them \n\nappetizing are salted mackerels, salted king mackerels, salty field crabs, Indian anchovy, \n\nBudoo etc. As for dessert, there are many kinds of desserts; however, the main ingredients \n\nare flour (or starchy fruits), sugar and coconut. (Phongphaiboon, 2544) \n\nThe names of foods and tastes reflect the lifestyle and attitudes. This shows the \n\nrelation between language and culture according to ethnosemantic study. Ethnosemantics is \n\nthe study in order to access insight into culturally significant cognitive system, studying", "start_char_idx": 5638, "end_char_idx": 8903, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "67ac3d16-a019-413b-b2d3-af92d54ccfa0": {"__data__": {"id_": "67ac3d16-a019-413b-b2d3-af92d54ccfa0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "52d7badf-51e0-4caf-b36b-5c76c11c66f9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "c2aac8e417e2c471a39b8f9482fc9f044ca1b1835de5c183fa6af043747cbd7b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2248f213-fe7b-4209-ba8f-8d10bd5e929b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0a8142d068aaf009993891995340e5b7f34615e9f38f5b69920a60bdcf628600", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\nthrough language. This study has another name; i.e. the new ethnography, ethnographic \n\nsemantics. This study has been derived from the belief that language reflects thought and \n\nworld view of the speakers. As a result, the analysis of the semantic fields of any ethnic \n\nlanguages can be insightfully shown thought and world view of those ethnic groups. \n\n(Phrasitrathasinth, 2529) \n\nThe study of language and culture is considered to be important for the ethnoscientific \n\napproach especially foods. This study has been referred to Frake (Phasukkit, 2543). He is \n\nthe pioneer of studying culture through the analysis of language. Frake\u2019s works show the \n\nconcept of terms in each culture. Frake have claimec that studying terms in any cultures not \n\nonly receives the meaning of  the terms but also knows that there are or there are not things \n\nin each culture because these terms tell us that people in the society consider the importance \n\nand how they understand things around them. \n\nThere are some ethnosemantic studies of taste term in Thai academic circle such as \n\nan ethnosemantic study of taste term and taste attitudes in Thai dialects by Phasukkit \n\nAnchalika, 2000, an ethnosemantic study of taste terms and taste attitudes in Chaozhou by \n\nMekbantoon Phornladda, 2004, and a study of taste term in Tai ethnics in the lower North by \n\nJirananthnaphom Suphatra and Singhnoi Anchlle, 2553. :  \n\nAn ethnosemantic study of taste term and taste attitudes in Thai dialects (Phasukkit, \n\n2000).  This study aims to analyze taste terms in Thai dialects of Bangkok, Chiang Mai, \n\nUbonRatchathani, and Nakhon Sri Thammarat by categorization. The results show that all \n\nthe four dialects have 8 common basic taste terms representing 8 basic taste categories: \n\nSOUR, SWEET, SALTY, BITTER, HOT, FLAT, ASTRINGENT, and CHEWY. As for the \n\nattitude towards tastes, all the four communities have positive attitudes towards Crisp + \n\nStarchy. In addition, Chiang Mai speakers have negative attitude towards Almost Bitter and \n\nUNPALATABLE TASTES while UbonRatchathani speakers have negative attitude towards \n\nthese two and also NASAL. \n\nAn ethnosemantic study of taste terms and taste attitudes in Chaozhou (Mekbantoon, \n\n2004). This study aims to categorize taste terms in Chaozhou into basic taste terms, non-\n\nbasic taste terms, and taste attitude terms. The results show that in Chaozhou there are 9 \n\nbasic taste terms representing 8 basic taste categories: FLAT, SOUR, SALTY, SWEET, HOT, \n\nBITTER, ASTRINGENT and MOIST. The meanings of all the basic taste terms are \n\ndifferentiated by 7 dimensions of contrast: duration of taste sensation, nauseousness, \n\npungency, soreness, stickiness, thirstiness, and tingle. The analysis of taste attitude terms", "start_char_idx": 8908, "end_char_idx": 11960, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2248f213-fe7b-4209-ba8f-8d10bd5e929b": {"__data__": {"id_": "2248f213-fe7b-4209-ba8f-8d10bd5e929b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "67ac3d16-a019-413b-b2d3-af92d54ccfa0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "9bfd7e1b216b87bb22d43035c3b991ac39fe89aec2ac1f53dd0adef050902b36", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c41d610b-f176-4957-a65c-c62c7ddb6d2b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bb09ccdccfd7eca47377ae85d69e2798dfb767639f35e792aa437abefc36338b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\nshows that they are divided into 3 groups according to the meaning: positive, negative, and \n\nneutral attitudes. The positive category can be divided into 7 groups: savory, delicious, good, \n\nappetizing, tasteful, and not bad. The negative category can be divided into 7 groups: not \n\nsavory, not delicious, not good, fatty, difficult to eat, tasteless, and strong, and neutral \n\ncategory can be divided into 4 groups: easy to eat, simple, not different, and moderate. \n\nA study of taste term in Tai ethnics in the lower northern by Jirananthanaphom \n\nSuphatra and Singhnoi Anchalee (2010). The result of the study shows that there are 41 taste \n\nterms, consisting of only one taste such as very spicy, very sour etc. and mixed tastes such \n\nas spicy and salt and sour and sweet in the lower northern of Tai. There is no significance in \n\nstructure, Syntax and ethnosemantics of taste terms, but there is slightly variation of \n\nvocabularies. In regard to attitude towards taste, it is found that there are 3 attitudes according \n\nto the meaning: positive, negative and neutral tastes. The positive tastes are good-smelling \n\nand cool, \u201cnua\u201d (delicious) etc. that are related to smells, textures and attitudes while the \n\nnegative tastes are bitter , fishy, hot, fattening etc. that have relation to taste buds, smells, \n\ntouches, and attitudes. The neutral tastes are spicy, sour, salty, acrid, crisp etc. that are \n\nrelated to taste buds, smells, touches, textures and attitudes. \n\nAccording to 3 studies of taste term, there are both similarities and differences, that is \n\nPhasukkit\u2019s and Mekbantoon\u2019s studies are doing research by using the componential \n\nanalysis, while Jirananthanaphom and Singhnoi\u2019s study is the analysis of structure. However, \n\nthe similarity of 3 studies is the analysis of attitude towards taste in order to understand the \n\nrelation between language, thought and culture. \n\nThe purpose of this study is to analysis attitude towards tastes in 3 different age and \n\nethnic group: the southern Thais, Malaysian Thais, and Chinese Thais that are divided into 3 \n\nage groups : 15-25, 35-45, and over 55 years old. \n\nThe informants in each age and ethnic groups were asked the questions about how \n\ntheir attitudes towards food are in order to analyze the attitudes towards the names of foods. \n\n \n\nPositive Attitude towards the Names of Foods and Tastes \n\nThe names of foods and tastes reflect positive attitudes. These positive attitudes have \n\nbeen divided into main course dishes, desserts and tastes. That is:", "start_char_idx": 11965, "end_char_idx": 14797, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c41d610b-f176-4957-a65c-c62c7ddb6d2b": {"__data__": {"id_": "c41d610b-f176-4957-a65c-c62c7ddb6d2b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2248f213-fe7b-4209-ba8f-8d10bd5e929b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "8e70f120b4e8eafddcabecf0e9b4c08916cae4075279990e62504cf3a017b7c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1450d160-648a-46e9-9ebb-a1838ad69795", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cc614ce6fdebd16ad343b5c8c32e5bfd8e23bd46c5342fad192e5516fab408d0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\nMain Course Dishes \n\nThe most favorite curry for 3 ethnic groups and different age group is \u2018Kangsom\u2019 \n\nbecause this soup is firstly elicited, the second position is spicy curry or Phatphet dish. These \n\ndishes that the informants told are in accordance to the most favorite taste for the southern \n\npeople. They love spicy dishes. In addition, each ethnic group still favors other main course \n\ndishes:  \n\n \n\nThe Southern Thais \n\n\u2018Kangsom\u2019 is the most popular main course dish for the southern Thais in all age \n\ngroups, except age group 1 (15-25). This age group favors more main course dishes cooked \n\nfrom pork than other 2 groups. They like such as fried-pork, Khawmudang, Kraprawmusup \n\n(stir-fried pork with basil), Khanamusup (stir-fried pork with kale) and Phakbungmukrop.  In \n\naddition, the southern Thais like other spicy salient tasteful foods; i.e. KangPungpla, Phatpet, \n\nNamPrik , Khuakling. Moreover, this southern Thais also love sea fish. They play a major role \n\nas the staple food of the local people such as Kangsomplakaphong, Kangphungpla and \n\nPhatphetpladukthale, etc. Furthermore, shellfish are also popular such as crabs, clams, and \n\nshrimps. As for vegetable, they are the ingredients of  Kangliang and stir-fried vegetables and \n\nstink beans with shrimp paste eaten with various vegetables which are the so called \n\n\u201cPhaknao\u201d and also other local dishes such as Yamhuakrok (cashew nut salad) Yamlokmut \n\n(sapodilla salad). \n\n  \n\nThe Chinese Thais \n\n\u2018Kangsom\u2019 is also the most popular main course dish for the Chinese Thais in age \n\ngroups 2 and 3.  Next is Kangtaipla. In age group 3 there are more food names than the other \n\n2 age groups; that is, the names of foods show both spicy and harsh taste of Thai food; i.e. \n\nKangtaipla, Kangkhuapu, Phatsatawkapi (stink bean stirred with shrimp paste), Budoo. In \n\naddition, they still love eating Chinese foods such as abalone, sea barnacle, yellow noodle, \n\nChinese spices with steamed pork, chicken. The most favorite meat of this ethnic group is \n\npork. They bring it to cook food such as roasted-pork, deep-fried, three\u2013layered-pork. The \n\nfavorite food of age group 2 and 3 are similar but age group 2 love eating more seafood than \n\nage groups 3. They love Phatphetplakaphong, Hoykrangphao (cockles burnt in hot ash), \n\nTomyam etc. The reason for age group 3 consuming less seafood than the other age groups \n\nmight be seafood is high in Cholesterol. As for age group 1, they have not shown their favorite", "start_char_idx": 14809, "end_char_idx": 17591, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1450d160-648a-46e9-9ebb-a1838ad69795": {"__data__": {"id_": "1450d160-648a-46e9-9ebb-a1838ad69795", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c41d610b-f176-4957-a65c-c62c7ddb6d2b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "cb64190e77addbe7a78f5dc332d9cb1e215cba02e325fe98a38d1839aacd5d26", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "25bcd758-94c9-4e26-b2ad-96c705dcf846", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e8b7f9ca3ace9b80fdb8de85b6a91d810c121daffb7743aab532eb2618054548", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\nfood clearly. However, they love curry with coconut milk, omelet, Yamkhaikhem (salted egg \n\nsalad). Some informants favor Northeastern foods such as Somtam (green papaya salad). \n\nThis is because northeastern foods prevail throughout all the regions because of the migration \n\nof the northeastern Thais. \n\n \n\nThe Malaysian Thais \n\n\u2018Kangsom\u2019 is also the most popular main course dish for the Malaysian Thais in age \n\ngroup 1, 2 and 3. Moreover, age group 1 also likes Phatphet. Age group 1 and 2 favor spicy \n\nor harsh taste food such as Phatphet, Kangsom, beef curry, Kangkhua, shrimp paste, \n\nPungWau, Pungpla and Tomyam etc. Now age group 1 also loves Somtamplala (green \n\npapaya salad with fermented fish). In addition, they love consuming Khawyam, PungWau, \n\nfoods made of beef. All age groups loves stir-fried beef, spice with beef curry, beef soup, fried \n\nbeef, rice topped with stir-fried beef etc. In addition, this age group favors for main course \n\ndishes tasting sweet such as stir-fried beef, fried red meat, vegetables stirred with sweet and \n\nsour sauce, green curry with beef etc. \n\n \n\nDesserts \n\nThe most favorite dessert especially for the southern and Malaysian Thais is \n\nKluaybuatchee (bananas in coconut milk). Next is Lotchong, while the Chinese Thais favor \n\nChaokuay (Chinese jelly) and Muntom (yam boiled in syrup) etc. However, there are still the \n\nfavorite desserts:  \n\n \n\nThe Southern Thais \n\nThere are differences in the favorite desserts from each age group. Age group 1 like \n\nKluaybuatchee, Thaptimkrob, Fakchieum etc. Age group 2 love Ruammit , fruits, Mokang \n\nwhile age group 3 like Lotchong, Kluaychieum, and Khanomchan etc. In addition, age group \n\n3 loves foreign desserts such as yam-roll etc.  \n\n \n\nThe Chinese Thais \n\nThere are differences in favorite desserts from each age group; that is, there are more \n\nnames of desserts in age group 2 than those in age group 1 and 3 such as Muntom, \n\nPiaklumyai, Lotchong etc. Moreover, there are variations of Khawniew and Niew which age \n\ngroup 3 use Niew in stead of Khawniew. Age group 3 also love Chaokuay , Niewmamuang,", "start_char_idx": 17596, "end_char_idx": 19997, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "25bcd758-94c9-4e26-b2ad-96c705dcf846": {"__data__": {"id_": "25bcd758-94c9-4e26-b2ad-96c705dcf846", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1450d160-648a-46e9-9ebb-a1838ad69795", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "a9109f5360099db9fd4b21e69b1b3ce851cdb990558e5f9b778b90d12f1c170d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4af76b05-0ddc-419d-976b-cf4663345768", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dac5fe5c040052e28cdd75998c5546ede5a48a8d3822db7bbe10dfd83307e149", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nNiewrian etc. and they favor fruits as dessert while there are the least names of food in the \n\nage group 1 such as Lotchong, Fakchieum, Kluaychieum and Bualoy etc. \n\n \n\nThe Malaysian Thais \n\nThere are differences in favorite desserts from each group too. The most favorite \n\ndessert in group 2 and 3 is Kluaybustchee while the most favorite dessert in group 1 is \n\nLotchong. Moreover, there are mores names of desserts in group 1 and 2 than those in group \n\n3 because desserts are not popular for the elder people due to being worried about their \n\nhealth. In addition, desserts are popular for the Malaysian Thais in Ramadon month. They \n\nalways eat desserts such as Ruammit, Lotchong, Kluaybuatchee, Fakthongbuat. It is \n\nobserved that a popular dessert is a kind of \u2018Buat\u2019. It is an ingredient to cook with coconut \n\nmilk. \n\n \n\nTastes \n\nThe most favorite taste of 3 ethnic groups is \u2018hot\u2019, except age group 1. They like sour \n\nand sweet instead. This might be that they are so young that they can\u2019t have hot and spicy \n\nfood. However, there are some interesting tastes they like in each ethnic group: \n\n \n\nThe Southern Thais \n\nThe most favorite taste in all age groups of the southern Thais is \u2018hot\u2019. In addition, \n\nother tastes they like are \u2018sweet\u2019, \u2018flat\u2019, \u2018salty\u2019 \u2018bland\u2019 and tasteful which are related to main \n\ncourse dishes they like. The popularity of spicy main course dishes of the southern Thais is \n\nconsidered one of the identities of the southern people in Thailand. \n\n \n\nThe Chinese Thais \n\n The most favorite taste in age group 3 and 2 of the Chinese Thais is \u2018hot\u2019 while the \n\nmost popular taste in age group 1 is \u201csweet\u201d. In addition, they also love \u2018salty\u2019 \u2018sour\u2019 \u2018flat\u2019  \n\n\u2018bland\u2019 and \u2018tasteful\u2019. Compared with other ethnic groups, the Chinese Thais like \u2018spicy\u2019 less \n\nthan the other age groups. They have told that traditional southern foods are so spicy that \n\nthey have not eaten them because they are not good for their health. They prefer \u2018flat\u2019 to \n\n\u2018spicy\u2019. They also told that if they want to eat \u2018spicy\u2019 food, they will eat food that is not too \n\nspicy.", "start_char_idx": 20002, "end_char_idx": 22382, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4af76b05-0ddc-419d-976b-cf4663345768": {"__data__": {"id_": "4af76b05-0ddc-419d-976b-cf4663345768", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "25bcd758-94c9-4e26-b2ad-96c705dcf846", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "8b061199e0322afa2cac60132b54f1f2064e02f09864cd0bff9dd988b948ea40", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e76674f8-1475-4e43-828e-7db28336c713", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ba5fc3b2c2a40bbcb44fa676216d0a31e99aa5aa184b319c3d2a7fa7ca3d5dfe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\n \n\nThe Malaysian Thais \n\n Like the Chinese Thais, the most favorite taste in age group 2 and 3 of the Malaysian \n\nThais is \u2018hot\u2019 while the most popular taste of age group 1 is \u2018sour\u2019. Also, they love \u2018salty\u2019 \u2018sweet\u2019 \n\noily and sweet and \u2018chewy\u2019. Since the most popular foods of the Malaysian Thais taste \u2018sweet\u2019, \n\nthey have more taste terms of \u2018sweet\u2019 than other kinds of taste terms. However, they also like \n\nanother taste such as \u2018sour\u2019, \u2018hot\u2019 \u2018salty\u2019. The least popular taste is \u2018flat\u2019. In addition, age group \n\n2 and 3 have more taste terms than age group 1. \n\n \n\nNegative Attitude Towards The Names of Foods and Tastes \n\nThe names of foods and tastes reflect negative attitudes. At first, mostly informants \n\nonly told ingredients of food and the foods they do not like such as desserts. As a result, \n\nnegative attitudes towards the names of foods, ingredients and tastes have been discussed \n\ninstead. \n\n \n\nThe Southern Thais \n\nThe least popular food of age group 1 is Lookniang, next is an ingredient of southern \n\nfood such as sataw (stink bean), Lookliang, and vegetables. They do not like vegetables. As \n\nfor age group 2, the least popular taste is \u2018sweet\u2019 they also do not like \u2018oily food\u2019 and \u2018prickle\u2019. \n\nThe least popular meat in age group 3 is beef and eels. Next is frogs, and turtles. They also \n\ndo not like foods tasting sweet, oily or flat food. \n\n \n\nThe Chinese Thais \n\nAge group 1 do not like food tasting \u2018hot\u2019 or \u2018harsh taste\u2019 such as Northeastern foods, \n\nPhungpla, \u2018prickle\u2019, salty eggs, and thousand eggs. The least popular meat in age group 2 is \n\nbeef, food made of beef, Northeastern foods, Western foods and local food such as Budoo, \n\nKungsom, Plasom. As for age group 3, there are more names of foods which they do not like \n\nthan the other age groups ;i.e. beef (This might be that they respect Kuan-Im goddess), oily \n\nfood, foods tasting \u2018sour\u2019 such as Moosom, Kungsom, Plasom, eels, buffalo meat etc. \n\n \n\nThe Malaysian Thais \n\nThere are more names of foods in this ethnic group than the other age groups.  The \n\nleast popular meat in age group 1 is \u2018catfish\u2019 ; they also do not like their own foods such as", "start_char_idx": 22390, "end_char_idx": 24831, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e76674f8-1475-4e43-828e-7db28336c713": {"__data__": {"id_": "e76674f8-1475-4e43-828e-7db28336c713", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4af76b05-0ddc-419d-976b-cf4663345768", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "c955a787624cb2cbeead8e51596c25d8a4d8da8e8656cc4487cf769d65c38ad2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "932a2e58-1de3-4f73-9c91-d3c30e9fe129", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1f2168eb2cb39f804d52bbfc40875af49084eed94596ae641b18c4dca8ac5231", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\nPlapangdang, Kangpae, Phungwau, Nangwau etc., foods tasting \u2018bitter\u2019, \u2018hot\u2019 and fresh-water \n\nfish. As for age group 2, they do not like satawdong (prickled stink beans) and eels and  do \n\nnot like the same foods as group 1. Moreover, they do not like \u2018prickle\u2019 food  or food tasting \n\n\u2018sour\u2019 such as Hoydong, Kungsom, satawdong etc. and food tasting sweet and oily such as \n\ncurry with coconut milk. Age group 3 do not like foods made of pork because they are always \n\nprohibited from eating pork; moreover they have negative attitude towards pork. They also do \n\nnot like local foods such as sataw, Lookniang and Lookliang. \n\nThe results of study of attitudes towards the names of food in different age and ethnic \n\ngroup in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province are found that the informants told the names of \n\nfoods which they have eaten, and always found but have not loved to consume. This is not \n\nonly the attitudes of the informants towards the foods but also the taste of individuals. This is \n\nsome examples of the relation between attitudes and the names of foods and tastes \n\naccording to  ethnic and age groups.  \n\n \n\n \nTable 1, The Southern Thais giving examples of the names of foods and tastes \naccording to attitudes \n \n                     Age \nfood \n\nAge group 1 Age group 2 Age group 3 \n\nPositive attitude \n1) Main course \n\nKangsom (1) \nFired pork (3) \nKangPhungpla (2) \nKangliang (1) \n\nKangsom (5) \nPhatpet (2) \nKangliang  (2) \nKangPhungpla (1) \n\nKangsom (8) \nKangPhungpla (1) \nChili paste (2) \nFried vegetables (2) \n\n2) dessert Klauybuatchee (3) \nTaptimkrob (1) \nFakthongchieum  (1) \nIce cream (3) \n\nRuammit (2) \nMokang (1) \nLotchong Singapore \n(1) \n\nLotchong (2) \nKlauychieum (2) \nKhanomchan (2) \n\n3) taste hot (4) \nsweet (3) \nsour (2) \nsalty (2) \n\nhot  (6) \nsalty (2) \nharsh (2) \nsour (1) \n\nhot (4) \nflat (3) \nbland (3) \nsour (2) \n\nNegative attitude \nName of food and \ningredient \n\nLookniang (3) \nfried vegetable (2) \nstink bean (2) \ncurry (1) \n\ndessert (2) \nfood with coconut \nmilk(1) \nfried chicken (1) \n\nbeef (3) \neel (3) \nfrog (2)", "start_char_idx": 24836, "end_char_idx": 27188, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "932a2e58-1de3-4f73-9c91-d3c30e9fe129": {"__data__": {"id_": "932a2e58-1de3-4f73-9c91-d3c30e9fe129", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e76674f8-1475-4e43-828e-7db28336c713", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "1ac78f1e2935af56dda53d517280a2daa57da7d707e7e9485d3f2d0cb9a3f2cd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e9ddf728-5659-4299-ab56-0117f3628a44", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4048789e42a07a4514f8e23653ec13d00d32ec94243fcdd54fa4365a3751847e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nTable 2, The Chinese Thais giving examples of the names of foods and tastes \naccording to attitudes \n \n                     Age \nfood  \n\nAge group 1 Age group 2 Age group 3 \n\nPositive attitude \n\u0e51) Main course  \n\ncurry (1) \nomelet (1) \nYamkhaikhem (1) \npapaya salad (1) \n\nKangsom (3) \npork (1) \nseafood (1) \nPhatpetplakaphong \n(1) \n\nKangsom (5) \nKangTaipla (2) \nyellow noodle (1) \nKangkhuapu  (1) \n\n\u0e52) dessert  Lotchong (1) \nFakchieum (1) \nKlauychieum (1) \nBualoy (1) \n\nMuntom (\u0e53) \nPiaklumyai  (\u0e53) \nLotchong (\u0e52) \nKlauybuat (\u0e52) \n\nChaokuay (\u0e53) \nNiewmamuang (\u0e52) \nNiewrian (\u0e52) \nBualoykhaiwan (\u0e51) \n\n\u0e53) taste  sweet (3) \nsalty (1) \nsour (1) \n \n\nhot (4) \nsalty (4) \nsour (3) \nsweet (3)  \n\nhot (6) \nsweet (3) \nsour (3) \nflat (2) \n\nNegative attitude \nName of food and \ningredient  \n\nPhungpla (1) \nSalty egg  (1) \nThousand egg (1) \n\nbeef (6) \nFermented fish (2) \nMutsamannieu (1) \n \n\nbeef (7) \nMusom (2) \ncurry (2) \n \n\n \nTable 3, The Malaysian Thais giving examples of the names of foods and tastes \n\naccording to attitudes \n                     Age \nfood  \n\nAge group 1 Age group 2 Age group 3 \n\nPositive attitude \n\u0e51) Main course  \n\nPhatpet (3) \nKangsom (3) \nstir-fried beef (2) \nFried rice (1)  \n \n\nKangsom (7) \nKangPhungpla (1) \nShrimp paste (1) \nKangliang (1) \n \n\nKangsom (8) \nFried vegetable (2) \nPlapriewwan (1) \nrice topped with stir-\nfried beef (1) \n\n\u0e52) dessert  Lotchong (4) \nFakthongchieum  (2) \nLuktanchieum (1) \nChaokuay (1) \n\nKlauybuat (5) \nFakthongbuat (2) \nNiewthuadam (1) \nRuammit (1) \n\nKlauybuat (3) \nLotchong (2) \nFakthongchieum (2) \nRuammit (1) \n\n\u0e53) taste  sour (5) \nsweet (5) \nsalty (4) \nhot  (3) \n\nhot  (8) \nsalty (6) \nsweet (3) \nsour (2) \n\nhot (3) \nsour (3) \nsalty (2) \nflat  (2) \n\nNegative attitude \nName of food and \ningredient  \n\ncatfish (3) \nPlapangdang (2) \nKangpae (2) \nPlasom (2) \n \n\nstink bean (3) \neel (3) \nPlapangdang (2) \n \n\npork (2) \nprickle (2) \nPrickled stink bean \n(\u0e52) \nstink bean (1) \n \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol.", "start_char_idx": 27201, "end_char_idx": 29500, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e9ddf728-5659-4299-ab56-0117f3628a44": {"__data__": {"id_": "e9ddf728-5659-4299-ab56-0117f3628a44", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "932a2e58-1de3-4f73-9c91-d3c30e9fe129", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "190e97216e4b4ed52271aa5c2cb1c817f0c1e68c98532daaf781847198e3d80d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ec386d4e-a5aa-46fa-a12c-29735043e010", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e4d4e0a622629252782533779efefcdb23dda5b30cee3d0af36eebf17484ef51", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\nNote:  \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e31\u0e40\u0e01\u0e15 \u0e15\u0e27\u0e31\u0e40\u0e25\u0e02\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e25\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e08\u0e32\u0e4d\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e17\u0e43\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25 \n \n Mostly the members in all age group in the family love to eat the same kind of food, \n\nexcept harsh taste or spicy foods are popular in age group 2 and 3, while the Malaysian Thais \n\nin all age groups can eat spicy food. However, some members love different food from the \n\nother members in the family, for example, children loves northeastern foods, whereas parents \n\nlike southern local food. This is the taste of individual too. \n\n Fast food is popular for age group 1 in all ethnic groups. This may be because the \n\nsociety has changed so it has an influence on consuming at present. According to the attitude \n\ntowards the names of foods, in the future the behavior of consuming of people in Hat Yai \n\nDistrict , Songkhla Province can be predicted.", "start_char_idx": 29412, "end_char_idx": 30525, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ec386d4e-a5aa-46fa-a12c-29735043e010": {"__data__": {"id_": "ec386d4e-a5aa-46fa-a12c-29735043e010", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e9ddf728-5659-4299-ab56-0117f3628a44", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "26a1f583b117748f2048d2a482f86bdd5a30e7b6165062009f566a8d2e14e62e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "60e779c8-7f3a-4daf-b7d2-64ef8c65610a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "34fb4c96a74930edd987f3fc6bf369089b82f63141e208dd0fd6ae2733d44a87", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "As a result, there should widely be the study in \n\nthis issue by expanding the areas, ethnic groups in order to access the attitudes towards the \n\ntaste through names of foods in the consumerism or materialism \n\n\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e19\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e27\u0e49\u0e08\u0e34\u0e22\u0e31\u0e22\u0e07\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19\u0e34\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1f\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e1f\u0e4c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e14\u0e44\u0e14\u0e01\u0e49\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e34\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e41\u0e01\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e39\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e42\u0e14\n\n\u0e22 \u0e40 \u0e09 \u0e1e \u0e32 \u0e30 \u0e43 \u0e19 \u0e01 \u0e25\u0e38\u0e48 \u0e21 \u0e2d \u0e32 \u0e22\u0e38 \u0e17\u0e35  1  \u0e41 \u0e25 \u0e30 \u0e40 \u0e01\u0e37 \u0e2d \u0e1a \u0e08 \u0e30 \u0e17\u0e38 \u0e01 \u0e01 \u0e25\u0e38\u0e48 \u0e21 \u0e0a \u0e32 \u0e15\u0e34 \u0e1e\u0e31 \u0e19 \u0e18\u0e38 \u0e4c  \n\n\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27 \u0e40\u0e19\u0e37 \u0e2d \u0e07 \u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2a\u0e20 \u0e32\u0e1e \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07 \u0e04\u0e21 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e44\u0e1b \u0e08\u0e36\u0e07 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c \u0e25\u0e15\u0e48 \u0e2d\u0e01 \u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20 \u0e04\u0e02 \u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e04\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e19 \u0e22\u0e38\u0e04 \u0e1b\u0e31\u0e08 \u0e08\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35 \u0e44 \u0e14\u0e49 \n\n\u0e0b\u0e07\u0e36\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e17\u0e28\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e15\u0e02\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e4d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e23\u0e22\u0e35\u0e01\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e07\u0e31\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e27\u0e08\u0e34\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e32\u0e4d\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e15\u0e40\u0e01\u0e22\u0e35\u0e27\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e01\u0e32\n\n\u0e23 \u0e1a \u0e23\u0e34 \u0e42 \u0e20 \u0e04 \u0e2d \u0e32 \u0e2b \u0e32 \u0e23 \u0e02 \u0e2d \u0e07 \u0e04 \u0e19 \u0e43 \u0e19 \u0e0a\u0e38 \u0e21 \u0e0a \u0e19 \u0e2b \u0e32 \u0e14 \u0e43 \u0e2b \u0e0d\u0e48  \u0e08\u0e31 \u0e07 \u0e2b \u0e27\u0e31 \u0e14 \u0e2a \u0e07 \u0e02 \u0e25 \u0e32 \u0e44 \u0e14\u0e49 \u0e17 \u0e32 \u0e07 \u0e2b \u0e19\u0e36 \u0e07 \n\n\u0e08\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e08\u0e30\u0e28\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e19\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e49\u0e27\u0e32\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e02\u0e36\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e02\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35 \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e01\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e18\u0e38 \u0e4c\n\n\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e44\u0e49\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e4d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e35\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e25\u0e38\u0e21\u0e40\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e07\u0e17\u0e28\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e15\u0e17\u0e34\u0e21\u0e35\u0e15\u0e48\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e4d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e23\u0e22\u0e35\u0e01\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e31\u0e04\u0e21\u0e22\u0e38\u0e04\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e42\u0e34\u0e20\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e27\u0e15\u0e31\u0e16\u0e38\u0e19\u0e34\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e22\u0e31\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48  \n\n \n \n\nRefrences \n \nDalan, W. (2010). Malaysian Thai food\u2019s identities: southern Muslim kitchen. Bangkok: The  \nHalal Science Center Chulalongkorn University. (trans.) \n\nFrake,Charles.O. (1961). Language and cultural description: essays. Stanford, Calif.: \nStanford University Press  \n\nJirananthanaphon, S & Singhnoi, A, (2010). An ethnosemantic study of taste terms and taste \nattitudes of Tai ethnic groups in lower northern Thailand. Journal of Humanities Naresuan \nUniversity (7,3 September-December). (trans.) \n\nKachashewa, Palasri & Yotphicha. (2010). The most popularity of Chinese food. Bangkok: \nModern housewife. (trans.)", "start_char_idx": 30526, "end_char_idx": 32053, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "60e779c8-7f3a-4daf-b7d2-64ef8c65610a": {"__data__": {"id_": "60e779c8-7f3a-4daf-b7d2-64ef8c65610a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53672", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "0258ed20d440af1f5aa5b8221a5886432a70df60966f88c27eaa94c6c7fba0f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ec386d4e-a5aa-46fa-a12c-29735043e010", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "e7f2476b77ac2a9335922f70e9d65cf9b009766493c563f81946c3960f150209", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3ba350cc-23b7-4ee7-b2cb-e25ac18c8a99", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e053f72bdd88c865f1c05f3a70bf5235d0201672f488bef3782e3fa51037ad39", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The most popularity of Chinese food. Bangkok: \nModern housewife. (trans.) \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                         February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 1-13  \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\nMekbantoon, P. (2004). An ethnosemantic study of taste terms and taste attitudes in \nChaozhou. M.A\u2019s thesis, Chulalongkorn University. (trans.) \n\nPhasukkit, A. (2000).  An ethnosemantic study of taste term and taste attitudes in Thai \ndialects. M.A\u2019s thesis, Chulalongkorn University.  \n\nPhongphaiboon, S , (2001). Southern structure and cultural dynamics with development. \nTRF. (trans.) \n\nPhrasitrathasinth, A. (1986). Road to be a linguist. Bangkok : Linguistic department, Faculty \nof Arts Chulalongkorn University. (trans.) \n\nSorajaphan, A. (2001).  Southern local food. Songkla: Songkhla Rajabhat University            \n.(trans.) \n\nSrisuchart, A.  (2001). Southern roots Characteristic, Physical Appearance, Geographical \nFeatures and Psychological Features.  Bangkok: TRF. (trans.)", "start_char_idx": 31980, "end_char_idx": 33140, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3ba350cc-23b7-4ee7-b2cb-e25ac18c8a99": {"__data__": {"id_": "3ba350cc-23b7-4ee7-b2cb-e25ac18c8a99", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53675", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "3c19a37d90d32b8d6510168bc58b99e5e87d391ba77ffba5751eb3356ae28ce3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "60e779c8-7f3a-4daf-b7d2-64ef8c65610a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53672", "author": "Angsuviriya, Angsuviriya; Chanokporn, Chanokporn", "title": " ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53672.pdf"}, "hash": "91f096840302baf2c0595967fa6384ebfd97c75c1600e82a25857a61039afdc4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4eebc234-e557-47fe-8d51-226b1534fd8e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8009462aa9ff05eae6d7a28858df4bb857dbf7390237ebe1b1933651c01ca7bd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Ida Bagus Suatama final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 14-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\n \nHEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF  \n\nUSADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR \n \n\nIda Bagus Suatama1, A.A.Ngurah Anom Kumbara2, A.A. Bagus Wirawan3, Ni Luh Arjani4 \n \n\n1Lecturer of UNHI Denpasar, 2,3,4Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana \nUniversity \n\n \nemail: 1idabagussuatama@gmail.com, 2anom_kumbara@unud.ac.id, \n\n3s2kjbdyunud@yahoo.com, 4arjani_psw@yahoo.com  \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 08-01-2019 \nAccepted Date : 12-01-2019 \nPublished Date : 28-02-2019 \n\n \n\nAbstract \n\nThe phenomenon of the hegemony of modernity in the practice treatment of Usada Bali in \nDenpasar City is interesting to observe. On the one hand, public interest in Usada Bali is still \nquite high, but also on the other hand modern medical dominance is so strong. Through a \npostmodernism approach and a qualitative method that relies on the workings of critical \ntheory, its causes, forms, and implications, reveal this phenomenon. The cause of the \nhegemony of modernity is due to state regulation, the modern and traditional medical \ndichotomy, the disposition of rationality, and the expansion of material energy. The form of \nmodernity hegemony includes the formalization of medical practices, identity mimesis, praxis \nof praxis awareness, and commodification of Usada Bali. The implications of the hegemony \nof modernity includes the strengthening of the existence of Usada Bali, the competition of \nhealth services, the reproduction of medical discourse, and the ambivalence of spirituality. \nThis study found that modernity has more power, than traditional values. The discourse of \ndevelopment and empowerment of traditional medicine has not targeted Usada Bali as \nautonomous knowledge. The violations of sasana balian undoubtedly due to the strong \ninfluence of materialism. The existence of Usada Bali is in line with the community\u2019s belief in \nthe etiology of sakala and niskala. \n \nKeywords: Hegemony, Modernity, Practice of Medicine, Usada Bali \n \n\n \n\nIntroduction \n\nThe modernity of the society is almost the entire order of social and cultural life of the \n\npeople, the giant panzer juggernaut that moves wildly in every direction and blows the whole \n\nbarrier in front (Giddens, in Ritzer and Goodman, 2005:552). The analysis of modernity is \n\nprimarily directed at the historical aspect and its influence in transforming traditional \n\ncommunities into a capitalist economic order (Huntington, 2003; Sanderson, 2011), Ideas on", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2814, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4eebc234-e557-47fe-8d51-226b1534fd8e": {"__data__": {"id_": "4eebc234-e557-47fe-8d51-226b1534fd8e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53675", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "3c19a37d90d32b8d6510168bc58b99e5e87d391ba77ffba5751eb3356ae28ce3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3ba350cc-23b7-4ee7-b2cb-e25ac18c8a99", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "d3f4d3f4384d01a3396321e19b8a74436ffbeeea63ce50fda380ed3a5aa9ea0e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2ab43718-d924-440f-8a84-d0016586f64e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "91a6cb90763cf2819769d50286167bdc41d7f92cbbfdbcacbd847db9d08f8ec7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 14-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\nCommunity progress (Suhandji and Waspodo, 2004; Setiawan and Sudrajat, 2018); \n\nPrinciples of modern culture (Haryono, 2005); Modernity as an Enlightenment project of \n\nrationality (Kant and Habermas, in Hardiman, 2009); The city and the fnansial economy as \n\nan arena of dissemination and intensified modernity (Simmel, in Ritzer and Goodman, 2005), \n\nas well as paradoxes of modernity in the life of society and Humanity (Lash, 2003; \n\nRadhakrishnan, 2003; Giddens, 2011). The Hegemony of modernity encourages the \n\nemergence of the Posmodern movement marked the rise of indigenous cultures and the \n\nsivilisrational consciousness as a new Age (New Age) of Civilization (Huntington, 2003; \n\nHarisson and Huntington (Ed.), 2006). The revival of the role of local culture is expected to \n\nbe counterbalancing, even contraction over the establishment of modernity. One of them \n\nlooks at Usada Bali's treatment practice phenomenon in Denpasar city. Based on the strategic \n\nplan of the Denpasar City health office in 2016 \u2014 2021, the number of traditional medical \n\ntreatment in Denpasar has reached 362 people with a variety of skills. This phenomenon \n\nindicates that traditional functional treatment for the people of Denpasar because if not \n\nfunctional, then it will disappear by itself (Malinowski, in Turner and Maryanski, 2010). In \n\naddition, this phenomenon also proves the high interest and passion of society to pursue \n\ntraditional medicine practices, including Usada Bali.  \n\nWith the hegemony of modernity, Usada Bali began to gain pressure from the modern \n\nmedical system. Usada Bali's traditional treatment in health narrative performances due to \n\nthe hegemony of modernity occurs in various aspects (Sarad Magazine, No. 48, April issue \n\n2004, Hal. 9). In contrast, Usada Bali practitioners also adapted to modern sociocultural \n\nenvironments to build and maintain their existence. Usada Bali's drug ability adapts and \n\ninteracts with modernity as demonstrated by the use of technology and communication as a \n\npromotional medium. Usada Bali's development through modern educational institutions is \n\nalso conducted with the establishment of a Program of Diploma III Usada which transforms \n\ninto an Ayurveda study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Hindu Indonesia. Other \n\nmodernity hegemony is characterized by state regulation governing traditional health.  \n\nThe phenomenon of modernity hegemony in the Usada Bali treatment practice in \n\nDenpasar City is seen as an important theme of cultural study which is scientifically studied. \n\nThis study became an effort as well as the Posmodern intellectual movement to dismantle \n\nthe hegemony of modernity in traditional culture including Usada Bali's practice. In addition, \n\nthis research is also expected to stimulate the rise of indigenous cultures in response to \n\nmodernity, thus raising the sivilisrational consciousness in order to face the future of world", "start_char_idx": 2819, "end_char_idx": 6049, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2ab43718-d924-440f-8a84-d0016586f64e": {"__data__": {"id_": "2ab43718-d924-440f-8a84-d0016586f64e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53675", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "3c19a37d90d32b8d6510168bc58b99e5e87d391ba77ffba5751eb3356ae28ce3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4eebc234-e557-47fe-8d51-226b1534fd8e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "d790d027ad7601616924d6fecb49bb46fed10368a8a24ab311acc500fb713c2b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "47070af0-5627-4a69-8429-65a5b894b4e2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d2b70baa2d3ae4cc15c9d1c5c9051b31421b21ac94a87ebb397bede2780e0b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 14-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\ncivilization. On that basis, the research is focused on reviewing the hegemony of modernity \n\nin the Usada Bali treatment practice in Denpasar City including causes, forms, and their \n\nimplications. The purpose and objectives of this research is to uncover the facts on the \n\nhegemony of modernity in the treatment of Usada Bali so it is theoretically beneficial and \n\npractical.  \n\n \n\nConcepts And Theories \n\nIn this research, there are two concepts that are operationalized, namely hegemony \n\nof modernity, and Usada Bali's treatment practice. The hegemony of modernity consists of ' \n\nhegemony ' and ' modernity '. According to Gramsci (in Patria and Arif, 2003; Simon, 2000; \n\nMaliki, 2004; Piliang, 2004, and Suyatno, 2010), hegemony is the dominant class of mastery \n\nover the lower class without violence, but through the consensual consent of the controlled \n\ncommunity. Meanwhile, modernity is a modern cultural construction that stands on the \n\nprinciples of ratios, subjectivity, identity, ego, totality, absolute ideas, linear advances, \n\nobjectivity, otonomization, emancipation, and binary opposition (Haryono, 2005). Abraham \n\n(1991) stated that modernity marked economic growth, social mobilization, and cultural \n\nexpansion. In this study, the hegemony of modernity is the entire phenomenon and reality \n\nwhich demonstrates the acceptance of modernity values in the Usada Bali treatment practice \n\nin Denpasar City.  \n\nUsada Bali is the application of Usada Bali by traditional Balinese medicine (balian) in \n\ncarrying out the action of treatment. In this case, traditional Balinese medicine includes Balian \n\nUsada, Balian Katakson, Balian Kapaica, and Balian mixed (Nala, 1993; Kumbara in Sukarma \n\nand Utama (Ed.), 2008). Modernizing practices of medicine, values and modern lifestyles of \n\nthe balian, negotiating the power of the balian in his interactions with other modern social \n\nstructures, as well as everything related to modern culture in the treatment of Usada Bali, \n\noperational is covered by the concept of modern hegemony in Usada Bali treatment practice.  \n\nThis research uses 4 (four) foundations of the theory, which is the theory of hegemony, \n\npower relations and knowledge, social practice, and health believe and explanatory model. \n\nThe basic assumption of these four theories can be explained as follows. First, the theory of \n\nhegemony was submitted by Gramsci (in Muzani, 1999; Simon, 2000; Patria and Arif, 2003) \n\nthat hegemony is not a relationship of domination with the use of violence, but rather a \n\nconscious consensus or approval through moral and ideological leadership. Second, the \n\ntheory of power and knowledge relations according to Foucault (in Carette, (ed.), 1999;", "start_char_idx": 6054, "end_char_idx": 9073, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "47070af0-5627-4a69-8429-65a5b894b4e2": {"__data__": {"id_": "47070af0-5627-4a69-8429-65a5b894b4e2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53675", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "3c19a37d90d32b8d6510168bc58b99e5e87d391ba77ffba5751eb3356ae28ce3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2ab43718-d924-440f-8a84-d0016586f64e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "c9039eaa46bba9c55b4a9fecc754f23dfd5d2f0b5aa1e77c821789c854cd220a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e38403f6-7256-4a95-af8c-ecab3890a550", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e7f59b4ab1613a2d2af3687138fe516e6109f3fd80f42c42d52ad3eea855fca9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 14-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nBarker, 2005; Ritzer and Goodman, 2005), That every knowledge implicates power within it \n\nis channeled through discourse. Third, the theory of social practice was submitted by \n\nBourdieu (2010; Harker, et al., 1999) in the generative formula \"(Habitus x Capital) + realm = \n\nPractice\". Fourth, the Health Believe and Explanatory Model theory is the theoretical family \n\nof health anthropology presented by Rosenstock (1966) and Kleinman (1980) that the choice \n\nof society in its treatment is determined by the popular sector, the folk (traditional) sector, and \n\nProfessional sectors. The four theories are used on an eclectic basis based on multivariate \n\ndata in the field. \n\n \n\nResearch Methods \n\nThe study was designed as a qualitative study with the approach of posmodernism. \n\nThe location of this research is Denpasar. Qualitative data types are gathered from primary \n\nand secondary data sources through observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. \n\nThe informant is determined by the criterion based selection, which is the actors involved \n\ndirectly in the theme of the research studied. Researchers become the key instrument in this \n\nstudy assisted by supporting instruments, such as interview guidelines and data recording \n\ntools, both digital cameras and voice recorder applications on mobile phones, as well as \n\nlaptops for data storage. Data is analyzed through data reduction phases, data serving, and \n\nverification. Interpretation of the data in a deep description (thick description) and presented \n\ndescriptively-narrative. \n\n \n\nDiscussion \n\nThe cause of modernity in the treatment practices of Usada Bali in Denpasar, includes \n\n(1) the regulation of state health that becomes a state tool to channel the ideas of modernity \n\nin traditional health services through The mechanism of mastery with nonviolent coersive, as \n\nwell as the formation of public consensus so that the public is moved to support and \n\nparticipate in complying with these regulations; (2) Modern and traditional medical dichotomy \n\ncreated a hierarchy of binary opposition, dominant-subordinates, which eventually sped \n\ntraditional medical attention in medical performances. This traditional medical marginalization \n\nencourages the country to overcome it through the regulative and discourse practices \n\nsupported by educational institutions so that both participating  to be a channel of the shaken \n\nhegemony in health discourse; (3) The disposition of rationality in line with structural \n\ndifferentiation and action rationalization has created alternatives for Usada Bali's drug to build", "start_char_idx": 9078, "end_char_idx": 11972, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e38403f6-7256-4a95-af8c-ecab3890a550": {"__data__": {"id_": "e38403f6-7256-4a95-af8c-ecab3890a550", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53675", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "3c19a37d90d32b8d6510168bc58b99e5e87d391ba77ffba5751eb3356ae28ce3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "47070af0-5627-4a69-8429-65a5b894b4e2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "5cf1c8a88e7ffdf3cf88b1f928275b51a6ff51142781e57967e4c46de6faeb0f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "09358c58-47b4-41ba-8a5d-96ca5f7d044e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e1b52bcdf58c47ef9c482b792211976e49245ea9374138e831f95185982c0118", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 14-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nits existence. This alternative is considered rationally so as to give birth to the disposition of \n\naction that following modern social and cultural patterns is the most rational choice for their \n\nexistence and interests; and (4) the expansion of material energy due to material \n\nenchantment has encouraged the desire of the drug Usada Bali to conduct treatment \n\npractices in order to gain material benefits, whether to fulfill the needs of life and identity \n\nmarkers, representations, and imagery. The expansion of material energy marked the \n\ninfluence of modernity that drove the shift of financial-material consumption to the realm of \n\nsymbolic consumption and aesthesation of life.  \n\nHegemony hegemony of modernity in the Usada Bali treatment practice in Denpasar \n\nCity appears in the form of, among others: (1) Formalization of treatment practices in \n\nresponse to Usada Bali (Balian) to state regulations so as to formalize the practice \n\naccordance with the conditions verified by the authorised institution. In addition, it is also in \n\nthe discourse of legalization and formalization of traditional Balinese medicine to utilize \n\nmodern health facilities and to carry out the practice of modern medical joint treatment; (2) \n\nIdentity mimesis, an impersonation action that is driven with a mimetic desire for modern \n\nmedical excellence. Mimesis identity appears in the form of: (a) mimesis which refers to the \n\nideal condition transcendental, which is mimicking the modern medical way in the \n\nimplementation of treatment practices; (b) To make the establishment of a modern medical \n\nsystem as a traditional medical reflection to achieve a parallel establishment; and (c) The \n\nedification of the difference between modern and traditional medical so as to trust both as a \n\nmethod of treatment that is freely selected by the patient or combining them; (3) The \n\ncapitalization of consciousness of the patient in seeking healing, was created a productive \n\nrealm of habitus development and the capital of Usada Bali drug in carrying out the practice \n\nof treatment. This capitalization arises in physical accitivity and discourse to master the \n\nconsciousness of the patient, both on the traditional pole of consciousness and modern \n\nconsciousness; and (4). The commodification of Usada Bali, which makes Usada Bali's \n\ntreatment practice as a commodity to reap material gains. This commodification appears in \n\nthe form of health care services industry by building professional image, personal branding \n\nthrough public space mediation, and industrialization as well as the commercialization of \n\nUsada Bali medicines, both processing, packaging, and distribution.    \n\nThe implications of modern hegemony in the Usada Bali medicine practice in \n\nDenpasar, including (1) the strengthening of Usada Bali's existence, as the implications \n\narising from the State regulation, encourages the practitioners of Usada Bali to build its", "start_char_idx": 11977, "end_char_idx": 15218, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "09358c58-47b4-41ba-8a5d-96ca5f7d044e": {"__data__": {"id_": "09358c58-47b4-41ba-8a5d-96ca5f7d044e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53675", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "3c19a37d90d32b8d6510168bc58b99e5e87d391ba77ffba5751eb3356ae28ce3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e38403f6-7256-4a95-af8c-ecab3890a550", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "26d1d6ad5c12d02eecfcb58edbb5b118d396c9822b7b074e3aed7464676f574c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ff0cc987-76cb-41b0-a345-b7156b8e3e1b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "587af4631e0300afdacd2cc8ed6be4243b8d503e1d9863814328403b96283c72", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 14-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\nexistence in Modern community structures supported by traditional and organic intellectuals, \n\nincluding cultural discourse that mainstream the revival of local cultural roles; (2) Competition \n\nof healthcare services, due to personal autonomy and differentiation of economic structures, \n\nwhich encourages Usada Bali to represent the competitive advantages of the competition to \n\nwin competitions in the service industry Treatment services. Competition through discourse \n\nstrategy is the most rational way to achieve material gains; (3) Reproductions of medical \n\ndiscourse, as positioning the position of balian in the presence of the patient in the healthcare \n\nservice industry. The reproduction of a medical discourse is based on the subject's autonomy \n\nprinciple so that the free return is appropriate and builds medical discourse according to its \n\nimportance, especially to demonstrate its competitive advantage, strengthen its position in \n\nthe presence of the patient, and improve a bid in the competition for medical services; and \n\n(4) The ambivalence of spirituality when the expansion of material energy has made the \n\nprofession of Balian as an economical resource that can be negotiated in the treatment \n\nservices industry. Spirituality as the basis of a balian's ability traditionally does not escape \n\nmobilization and instrumentalization in order to seize the sympathy of the patient thus \n\nexperiencing ambivalence in itself. In this case, it is difficult to separate the spiritual \n\nrepresentation with a market mechanism based on material exchange.  \n\n \n\nResearch Findings  \n\nFirstly, modernity characterized by the rationality of bureaucracy and structural \n\ndifferentiation has encouraged the Balian to enter the modern power structure. The \n\nmodernization of traditional medicine is predicted to continue to evolve in line with the \n\nGiddens theory of modernity as Juggernaut's giant panzer which is difficult to dilute its power. \n\nSecondly, the community makes Usada Bali a medical Alternative for modern medicine \n\n(conventional) because it is still strong Belief in the sakala-niskala ethology. The findings \n\naffirmed Hobart's opinion that during the belief of the Balinese (Hindu) community on the \n\nsakala and the ratio is still strong, so long as the existence of balian will remain in the \n\ncommunity. Third, spirituality as the image inherent in a balian becomes a mobilized \n\ninstrument and negotiated for material sake, and hence the violation of the sasananing balian \n\nbecomes an inevitor. This encourages the shifting existence of return from the folk (traditional) \n\nsector to the professional sector, when balian has positioned itself as other professional \n\nhealth sectors. Thus, the findings of this research confirm the theoretical view of Explanatory \n\nModel Kleinmen that the existence of popular sectors, professionals, and folk in the", "start_char_idx": 15223, "end_char_idx": 18401, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ff0cc987-76cb-41b0-a345-b7156b8e3e1b": {"__data__": {"id_": "ff0cc987-76cb-41b0-a345-b7156b8e3e1b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53675", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. 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Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "b9b01878aafed33cef7d20bb11442be855cef7c44946eca47f04d38936c8c380", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f8cbcbba-f60b-4ad9-8b0b-6bbadfbcdb87", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fb3dcfb0bbafe95eb2af20809fcc1e40222d099693dc7695493547bd9960b9cd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 14-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nperformance of public health moves dynamically along with the hegemony of modernity in the \n\nfolk sector.  \n\n \n\n \n\nReferences \n\nAbraham, Francis M. (1991). Modernisasi di Dunia Ketiga: Suatu Teori Umum Pembangunan. \nYogyakarta: Tiara Wacana. \n\nAntthony Giddens. (2011). Konsekuensi-konsekuensi Modernitas. Yogyakarta: Kreasi \nWacana. \n\nBarker, Chris. (2005). Culture Studies Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Bentang Pustaka. \n\nBourdieu, Piere. (2010). Aneka Produksi Kultural Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi Budaya. \nYogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.  \n\nCarrete, Jeremy (ed.). (2009). Agama, Seksualitas, Kebudayaan Esai, Kuliah, dan \nWawancara Terpilih Michel Foucault. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra \n\nDinas Kesehatan Kota Denpasar. (2016). Rencana Strategis Dinas Kesehatan Kota \nDenpasar Tahun 2016\u20142021. Denpasar. \n\nFoster, George M. & Barbara Gallatin Anderson. (1978). Medical Anthropology. New York: \nJohn Willey and Son.  \n\nGiddens, Antthony. (2011). Konsekuensi-konsekuensi Modernitas. Yogyakarta:  Kreasi \nWacana. \n\nHardiman, F. Budi. (2009). Kritik Ideologi. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nHarisson, Lawrence E. dan Samuel P. Huntington (Ed.). (2006). Kebangkitan Peran Budaya. \nBagaimana Nilai-nilai Membentuk Kemajuan Manusia. Jakarta: LP3ES.  \n\nHaryono, Yudhie. M. (2005). Melawan dengan Teks. Yogyakarta: Resist Book. \n\nHuntington, Samuel P. (2003). Benturan Antarperadaban dan Masa Depan Politik Dunia. \nJakarta: LP3ES.  \n\nKleinman, Arthur. (1980). Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture. USA: University of \nCalifornia Press.  \n\nKumbara, A.A. Anom. (2010). \u201cSistem Pengobatan Usada Bali\u201d, artikel dalam Canang Sari \nDharma Smerti Mengenang Bhakti Prof. Nala. Sukarma, I Wayan dan I Wayan Budi Utama, \n(peny.). Denpasar: Widya Dharma. \n\nLash, Scott. (2004). Sosiologi Postmodernisme. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.", "start_char_idx": 18406, "end_char_idx": 20494, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f8cbcbba-f60b-4ad9-8b0b-6bbadfbcdb87": {"__data__": {"id_": "f8cbcbba-f60b-4ad9-8b0b-6bbadfbcdb87", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53675", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "3c19a37d90d32b8d6510168bc58b99e5e87d391ba77ffba5751eb3356ae28ce3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ff0cc987-76cb-41b0-a345-b7156b8e3e1b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "6955b18a1cc59fb3aeac8fffe1760551d65a4f2f9563ef6d428cf80a441e775d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e390de30-d194-4d4a-bed0-3a082252a035", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8263e301ccf7046c15a52f7e9379cb5ca318a32278097057259fc7396b4e6455", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 14-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\nMuzani, Sayful, (1999). \u201cIslam dalam Hegemoni Teori Modernisasi\u201d, dalam Edy A. Effendy \n(ed), Dekontruksi Islam Madzhab Ciputat. Bandung: Zaman Wacana Ilmu.  \n\nNala, Ngurah. (1993). Usada Bali. Denpasar: Upada Sastra.  \n\nPatria, Nezar dan Andi Arief. (2003). Antonio Gramsci: Negara dan Hegemoni. Yogyakarta: \nPustaka Pelajar. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. (2004). Dunia Yang Dilipat, Tamasya Melampaui Batas-Batas \nKebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nRitzer, George dan Goodman, Douglas J. (2005). Teori Sosiologi Modern. Jakarta: Prenada \nMedia. \n\nRosenstock, I. (1974). Historical Origins of The Belief Model. Health Education. \n\n \n\nSanderson, Stephen K. (2011). Mikrososiologi Sebuah Pendekatan terhadap Realitas Sosial. \nJakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.  \n\nSetiawan, Johan dan Ajat Sudrajat. (2018). \u201cPemikiran Postmodernisme dan Pandangannya \nterhadap Ilmu Pengetahuan\u201d. Jurnal Filsafat, ISSN: 0853-1870 (p); 2528-6811(e) Vol. 28, No. \n1 (2018), p. 25-46. \n\nSimon, Roger. (2000). Gagasan-gagasan Politik Gramsci. Terjemahan Kamdani dan Imam \nBaehaqi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nSukarma, I Wayan dan I Wayan Budi Utama (penyunting). (2010). Canang Sari \nDharmasmerti: Mengenang Bhakti Prof. Nala. Denpasar: Widya Dharma.  \n\nTurner, Brian S dan T. Maryanski. (2010). Fungsionalisme. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD,", "start_char_idx": 20499, "end_char_idx": 22098, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e390de30-d194-4d4a-bed0-3a082252a035": {"__data__": {"id_": "e390de30-d194-4d4a-bed0-3a082252a035", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53676", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "ae92c744d139fef67dae1c5e1480d60f7bd67d66f80516463086b4fefb5b6bc9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f8cbcbba-f60b-4ad9-8b0b-6bbadfbcdb87", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53675", "author": "Suatama, Ida Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Arjani, Ni Luh", "title": " HEGEMONY OF MODERNITY IN THE PRACTICE OF USADA BALI TREATMENT IN DENPASAR", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53675.pdf"}, "hash": "0693626d2b27fdae14e1d711e63bc80c1fcf40e606435fa3daa53a93ad1c290d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c743c9d9-7e2c-4cf2-8956-200c3f3baefe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "580ef7f95523918ae07d81353477013d3992f65e458ada662e91a0e0c6c67b87", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Brahmana Rendra Vayoga1final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 22-28   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\n \nCHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS \n\nPROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE \n\nBrahmana Rendra Vayoga1, Suyanto2, Slamet Subiyantoro3 \n\n123Department of the Post Graduate Art Education  \nSebelas Maret University, Indonesia \n\n \nemail: brahmana_rendra@yahoo.co.id \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 22-12-2018 \nAccepted Date : 12-01-2019 \nPublished Date : 28-02-2019 \n\n  \n \n\nAbstract \n\nThe purpose of this study are: (1) To understand the character of Gatotkaca characters in \nwayang kulit Surakarta style. (2) To investigate the symbolic meaning of Gatotkaca fashion \nclothing in Surakarta style puppetry. This study uses qualitative descriptive to present the \nexisting data in the field by way of describing and interpreting. Technique of collecting data is \ndone by interview and direct observation. The results of this study are: (1) Gatotkaca figure \nrepresents a humble character, and he has a high spirit of nationalism, (2) Gatotkaca has \ndress properties such as of Caping Basunanda, Kotang Antra Kusuma, and Trompah \nPadakacarma, which represent as the key values in character education. Gatotkaca\u2019s \npersonal characteristics and his dress property have a deep meaning and values that can be \nprecious for character education.  \n\nKeywords: Gatotkaca, puppet, character education. \n \n\n \n\nIntroduction \n\nCharacter education is a burst in education to involve the development of characters \n\nin the educational process. \"Character education is an effort to help the development of the \n\nsoul of chidren for both mentally and physically, the nature of the covetousness towards a \n\nbetter human civilization\"[1]. The condition of the Indonesia young generations experiencing \n\na decline both at the level of secondary students, college students and communities. It can \n\nbe seen from the rise of student\u2019s committed violence\u2019s among themselves and even towards \n\ncommunities. The deterioration of good characters also occurs in higher level especially in", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2360, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c743c9d9-7e2c-4cf2-8956-200c3f3baefe": {"__data__": {"id_": "c743c9d9-7e2c-4cf2-8956-200c3f3baefe", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53676", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "ae92c744d139fef67dae1c5e1480d60f7bd67d66f80516463086b4fefb5b6bc9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e390de30-d194-4d4a-bed0-3a082252a035", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "433bb8998aa10498923dbabf6c57c70af935f53246f3869cc1a52fc522d4ba80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "926e5b95-fe9e-4d37-890f-6864a874fdbb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0458747d50f6bd34b42e2e182c18ee621c13d16fd9e30272c50440bed6f43a7a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 22-28   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nthe scope of government such as a wide range of corruption cases. The downgrade of the \n\ncharacter is a result of globalization. \n\nCharacter education is one solution to change the character of the nation to develop \n\na better virtuous generation through education. Character education can be given through a \n\nvariety of ways, one of them is through culture. Considering Indonesia has a rich cultural arts. \n\nExplains that in order to realize a society that possesses the values of the nation's character, \n\nit is necessary to have a cultural strategy that concerns for its society and its culture [2]. One \n\nof the cultural heritage of the nation that is still in vogue is the art of puppet show. \n\nIn terms of its contents, puppet show embodied the teachings to humanity. Both \n\nhuman being as individual and as members of society. According to the storyline in the puppet \n\nimplies a puppet show structure, which is also a symbol of the journey or dynamics of human \n\nlife [2]. Through puppet shows, people can learn about life. In the puppet show it can be said \n\nthat every figure of a puppet character is a picture or symbol of human life. According to \n\nSolichin in the puppet perform both good and bad aspects which are displayed in the form of \n\nsymbols of wayang characters with distinctive characteristics [3]. Therefore, many figures in \n\npuppet show can be viewed as role models in everyday life. \n\nOne of them is a knight from Pringgandani named Raden Gatotkaca. Gatotkaca is a \n\ndecent figure as a good role model that can be used in character education which is contained \n\nin the story \u201cGatotkaca Gugur\u201d. In for the glory of the Pandavas who fought Kurawa, \n\nGatotkaca died defending justice and truth as a hero [4]. Based on the above description \n\nshows that through figures Gatotkaca can be used as learning values in character education. \n\n \n\nMethod \n\nThis study uses descriptive qualitative which object to reveal the existing data in the \n\nfield by describing and interpreting data coection. It empoyed hermeneutical method and \n\nsemiotic approach. Source of data obtained from Ki Manteb Soedharsono, Bambang \n\nSuwarno and Ki Purbo Asmoro who are experts in the field of puppetry especially in Surakarta \n\nstyle. Data analysis techniques using interactive analysis model with the stages of data \n\ncollection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification repeatedly. \n\n \n\nResult \n\nGatotkaca is the son of Bima or Werkudara with Arimbi from Pringgandani. According \n\nto the India version, Gatotkaca has ugly face and a tangible giant because his mother is the", "start_char_idx": 2365, "end_char_idx": 5244, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "926e5b95-fe9e-4d37-890f-6864a874fdbb": {"__data__": {"id_": "926e5b95-fe9e-4d37-890f-6864a874fdbb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53676", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "ae92c744d139fef67dae1c5e1480d60f7bd67d66f80516463086b4fefb5b6bc9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c743c9d9-7e2c-4cf2-8956-200c3f3baefe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "19dcd4897f3055b93fdf50163fb16ff898b4144fa2c4f6acc8f6f8ea4d8a1f61", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "caeb5866-5996-4395-93c6-45413a265422", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "352ae3d09a4ca0e6df8170129fb59742909a61c2506f6db5ad8e5625f36da6f4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 22-28   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\ngoddess Arimbi is a \u201crakseksi\u201d, which is likened to his mother giant then his son is also a \n\ngiant. This is what distinguishes the story of the puppet of India and Indonesia version. \n\nGatotkaca when he was a child named Jabang Tetuka, when he must fight with a \n\ngiant, Tekuka was very strong accepting hit or blow. At that time, God knows the power \n\nTetuka, then as the decision of the gods, Jabang Tetuka forced into the crater Candradimuka \n\nand Gods throw so many Gods\u2019 weapons and he became very big. Therefore, Jabang Tetuka \n\ngiven the name Gatotkaca, Gatotkaca in the sense of herd-Gods\u2019 weapons gathering into one \n\nor in the puppets mentioned \u201ckumpule lelandep sing nyawiji\u201d in the body of Gatotkaca that \n\nmakes his big body. This is what causes Gatotkaca to be magic or called otot kawat balung \n\nwesi so it can beat the Sakipu and its king named Kalapracona. \n\nGatotkaca grows out of a normal human being and he is veri big just ik a giant because \n\nof the forging of the gods, it can be said that the growth of Gatotkaca was the creation of the \n\ngods to confront Sakipu and  Kalapracona. It also makes Gatotkaca died in young age in the \n\nbattlefield. The fall of Gatotkaca is called as \u2018the dead of senapati\u2019, because he death for the \n\ntruth and justice and also petrified his parents to be victorious in the war of Bharatayudha.  \n\nGatotkaca is a humble character, who has a high nationalism spirit. Gatotkaca is \n\ninvisible but not arrogant, that's the positive side that can be taken from Gatotkaca. \n\nGatotkaca's power is only to eradicate viciousness even though his life is at stake. Please \n\nnote that in using a such power, Gatotkaca always uses it heartly within pure and sincere \n\nactions. The power is also to protect and nurture the weakness of his people. \n\nThere is also a dress worn by leather puppet figures not only to cover body or \n\ndecoration, but the clothing is also as a marker or status played by each character in the \n\nshadow puppets. It can be said that fashion is also very influential in every character of \n\nshadow puppets. There is also a clothing that is not visible, one of the characters who wear \n\nit is Gatotkaca. Gatotkaca is wearing a magic dress, the properties are gifts from the gods in \n\nthe form of Caping Basunanda, Kotang Antra Kusuma, and Trompah Padakacarma. His skin \n\ninside and out of his muscle and meat in puppetry languange is usually pronounced \u201csak \n\nnjabane kulit sak njerone daging\u201d. \n\nCaping Basunanda lies in the head, its supernatural power is when it is under sun\u2019s \n\nheat so he will not feel hot and when it rains he will not be wet. As in the following figure", "start_char_idx": 5249, "end_char_idx": 8182, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "caeb5866-5996-4395-93c6-45413a265422": {"__data__": {"id_": "caeb5866-5996-4395-93c6-45413a265422", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53676", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "ae92c744d139fef67dae1c5e1480d60f7bd67d66f80516463086b4fefb5b6bc9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "926e5b95-fe9e-4d37-890f-6864a874fdbb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "b2eb4c9fb569df1667eb53b3de545eff7cfd6dcb74df63a99b1456eae616a458", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "03af6f49-6d33-4281-a6cd-4f36554b52c5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6d733061da303b4cc98706e0ae0fb3a5e633b52d61975c861c9d29f3b161add5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 22-28   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 1.1 Caping Basunanda  \n\n \n\nKotang Antra Kusuma is located on the chest, its power is able to fly as fast as \n\nlightning, in the puppetry also mentioned that Gatotkaca he can fly  without wings and dash \n\nwithout power and can be bright like an array. As identified in the following picture: \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 2 Kotang Antra Kusuma \n\n \n\nOn both legs there is also Terompah Padakacarma reputedly according to the story \n\nin the puppetry, Terompah Padakacarma is the bones of Antaboga, the god of snakes. Its \n\nsupernatural qualities will be save if it passes through holy or sacred places. As in the \n\nfollowing picture: \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 3 Terompah Padakacarma \n\n \n\nDiscussion \n\nCharacter of Gatotkaca Characters in Surakarta Style Puppetry \n\nIn the story of puppetry Gatotkaca is a powerful and humble figure, who has high spirit \n\nof nationalism. Gatotkaca is a patriot [5], he is so obedient to the kingdom, the family, and to \n\nthe truth he holds. Please note that in using such power, it is used to protect his people.", "start_char_idx": 8196, "end_char_idx": 9540, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "03af6f49-6d33-4281-a6cd-4f36554b52c5": {"__data__": {"id_": "03af6f49-6d33-4281-a6cd-4f36554b52c5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53676", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "ae92c744d139fef67dae1c5e1480d60f7bd67d66f80516463086b4fefb5b6bc9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "caeb5866-5996-4395-93c6-45413a265422", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "7bb9e26e91fe3c1f9391d9884aa768b0d51851313c4efcc952072ebcc3f3cfae", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f940e440-961f-472c-8cb8-de2f1ec843a7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b1b0259f5d87690f4dd88853ada826e37864d12cc9ed1ce2df365906dd577af3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 22-28   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nIt is also seen during the war of the Baratayudha, Gatotkaca was formulating war \n\nstrategy in the air. His power in war is his ability to uproot the enemy's neck, but this is only \n\ndone, if the circumstances are urgent [6]. His attack also made the troops from Kurawa and \n\nAdipati Karna depressed. Realize his end is near [7], Gatotkaca still had time to think how to \n\nkill Kurawa troops in large numbers. It appears that Gatotkaca is a formidable warrior in \n\nwarfare. \n\nGatotkaca is also a young warrior who has a great responsibility in maintaining the \n\nsecurity and tranquility of the world. When he had just graduated, had led air operations \n\nagainst the giants Sakipu and Prabu Kala Pracona [8]. This task is the first for Gatotkaca to \n\nquell crime. So it is not surprising if the gods give this heavy task to Gatotkaca, because \n\nGatotkaca can complete the mission well. \n\n \n\nSymbolic Meaning of Gatotkaca\u2019s Dress Properties in Surakarta Puppetry Style \n\nCaping Basunanda has deep meaning that by thinking and exporing human being can \n\nreach the highest spiritual peak so as to be united with the Divine. Because through this \n\nthought humans can find a philosophy of life that is also identified as a way and view of life. \n\nIn other words, life experiences and worldviews are linked by the mind and way of thinking \n\nand that interpretation determines the order of life [9]. So it can be said that the view of human \n\nlife is the result of thought and interpretation based on the thorough experiences. \n\nKotang Antra Kusuma is located on the Gatotkaca\u2019s chest, it makes Gatotkaca can fly \n\nas fast as lightning or in term of puppet show it can be named \u201cmabur tanpa lar lan melethik \n\ntanpa sotang\u201d. The supernatural powers of this Kotang Antra Kusuma can light up like in the \n\ndarkness. This is a symbol of human attitudes or characters associated with feelings that are \n\nalso covered in the affective domain. Feelings are the sensitivity in the human being to the \n\nsymptoms that arise from an event. In this sense sense is as a tool or means of perception \n\nor function of the whisper of heart or intuition [10]. Therefore every human being has a degree \n\nof sensitivity to the events that are present inside him or his surroundings. For Javanese \n\ncuture, the color and the concrete dimension of one's sense depends on the way of life, the \n\nlevel of education, and the orientation of the people's own mystical life [11]. \n\nTerompah Padakacarma lies on both Gatotkaca\u2019s legs, Terompah Padakacarma is \n\nthe skin of Antaboga, the god of snakes. Its supernatural power is Gatotkaca wi be safe \n\nwherever he passes through holy or sacred place. It is a symbol that describes the ability to \n\nact, so it is also included in the psychomotor capabiities. It can be said that the psychomotor", "start_char_idx": 9545, "end_char_idx": 12642, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f940e440-961f-472c-8cb8-de2f1ec843a7": {"__data__": {"id_": "f940e440-961f-472c-8cb8-de2f1ec843a7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53676", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "ae92c744d139fef67dae1c5e1480d60f7bd67d66f80516463086b4fefb5b6bc9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "03af6f49-6d33-4281-a6cd-4f36554b52c5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "ca70bf4e43bfcd0f7a417eb6322a9dad82103cae898df1d6998dc6ffdb294776", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1e0544d2-fdc6-491b-a4a0-453789dbe48d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6c3d37c03a6f32e66bfc4142f740ba16e5ab7ea76d487f4bb2c7562efec49a1a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 22-28   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\nis a reflection of the behavior of meaningful results from the cognitive and affective spheres. \n\nThis can be done gradually and interconnected between the knowledge of values of behavior \n\nwith a strong attitude or emotion to implement it for God, himself, his fellows, environment, \n\nand nation [12]. This is what will form a virtuous noble characters of human beings. \n\n \n\nConclusions \n\nGatotkaca figure is a humbe warrior. In using his supernatural powers, Gatotkaca \n\nuses it wisely. His power is also used to protect his people. Gatotkaca is also a formidable \n\nwarrior in battle and he is ready to die for truth and justice as his major believes. \n\nCaping Basunanda highly reflects on the way of thinking or also called the cognitive \n\naspect. It can be said that in cognitive oriented on intellectual and creativity. Kotang Antra \n\nKusuma located on the inside of the chest, is a symbol that refers to affective-related feelings. \n\nIn this case, it is very influential in character or personality. This affective aspect includes \n\nbehavioral attitudes in worship, which are related to religious attitudes. Terompah \n\nPadakacarma also deals with psychomotor which can also be related to skill and action. So \n\nit can be said that psychomotor is the output of cognitive and effective aspects which is as \n\nmajor purposes in our life. \n\n \n\nAcknowledgments \n\nI would like to give a respectful appreciate for Ki Manteb Soedharsono, Bambang \n\nSuwarno and Ki Purbo Asmoro who are experts in the field of puppetry especially in Surakarta \n\nstyle who give me a legal permission and participate very well in order to conduct this \n\nresearch. \n\n \n\nReferences \n\nMulyasa. 2012. Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter. Jakarta : PT Bumi Aksara. \n\nSutiyono. 2014. Seni Pedalangan Sebagai Media Pengembangan Pembudayaan Nilai-Nilai \nPedidikan Karakter Bangsa. Jurnal Jantra : Sejarah dan Budaya, Vol 9 (1), 161-171. \n\nSolichin, Suyanto, Setiawan, A., Zuriah, N., Nurrochsyam, M. W. 2011. Pendidikan Budi \nPekerti Dalam Pertunjukan Wayang. Surakarta : (Kerjasama Badan Pengembangan \nSumberdaya, Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif), Senawangi, ISI Surakarta dan \nTotal E & P Indonesia.", "start_char_idx": 12647, "end_char_idx": 15112, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1e0544d2-fdc6-491b-a4a0-453789dbe48d": {"__data__": {"id_": "1e0544d2-fdc6-491b-a4a0-453789dbe48d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53676", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "ae92c744d139fef67dae1c5e1480d60f7bd67d66f80516463086b4fefb5b6bc9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f940e440-961f-472c-8cb8-de2f1ec843a7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "540ebf424368814ca2228a301e4d6c568814acb911f1a3e4ee5393d5a686cbb6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "33aa1d75-7eed-44ce-a5e2-166d31bd1a20", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7c027f2334dee69f968a4904134032241f6c25fd1fe5f2c65c94c12693e20c06", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 22-28   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nSuwandono, dkk. 1991. Ensiklopedi Wayang Purwa I (Compendium). Jakarta: Direktorat \nPembinaan Kesenian DIT. JEN Kebudayaan Departemen P & K. \n\nNanda MH. 2010. Ensiklopedi Wayang. Yogyakarta: Absolut. \n\nWidyawati, R Wiwien. 2009. Ensiklopedi Wayang. Yogyakarta : Pura Pustaka. \n\nKapalaye, Ageng. 2010. Kamus Pintar Wayang. Yogyakarta : Laksana. \n\nMulyono, Sri. 1978. Wayang dan Karakter manusia. Jakarta : PT Gunung Agung. \n\nMulder, Niels. 1986. Kepribadian Jawa dan Pembangunan Nasional. Yogyakarta: Gadjah \nMada University Press. \n\nSolichin. 2011. Falsafah Wayang Intangible Heritage Of Humanity. Jakarta : Senawangi. \n\nKholik, Abdul. 2017. Psikoterapi Jawa Pendekatan Kawruh Jiwa Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. \nYogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.  \n\nAsmani, Jamal Ma\u2019mur. 2012. Buku Panduan Internalisasi Pendidikan Karakter Di Sekolah. \nYogyakarta : Diva Press.", "start_char_idx": 15117, "end_char_idx": 16260, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "33aa1d75-7eed-44ce-a5e2-166d31bd1a20": {"__data__": {"id_": "33aa1d75-7eed-44ce-a5e2-166d31bd1a20", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53681", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "43e5d228ba1d90ded931b3fbf1ffd79435e7d7f30b5430be97943b115cb9e8ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1e0544d2-fdc6-491b-a4a0-453789dbe48d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53676", "author": "Rendra Vayoga, Brahmana; Suyanto, Suyanto; Subiyantoro, Slamet", "title": " CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES AS REFLECTED BY GATOTKACA DRESS PROPERTIES IN SURAKARTA PUPPETRY STYLE", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53676.pdf"}, "hash": "cff2d24f752d0d2c5df93e6b2f282e2a8524ffc2a35f04f3f14af4e4783bedb6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "83279d9a-3822-4798-99e3-bf0ad4915c09", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9fe09e40ac3e05dc1bf6e4a4368ec5589cfa3b57b67f3153e8fa85efd1def4b5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikerl Misron Zen Fatro final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 29-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\n \n \n\n INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING \nTECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING  \n\n \nMisron Zen Fatro1, Edy Tri Sulistyo2, Sugeng Nugroho3 \n\n \n123Departement of Fine Art Education Postgraduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret  \n\nSurakarta, Indonesia \n \n\nemail: misron_zen@yahoo.co.id  \n \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 24-12-2018 \nAccepted Date : 12-01-2019 \nPublished Date : 28-02-2019 \n\n \n\nAbstract \n \n\nThe social change dynamic in globalization era impacts on the students\u2019 reduced love to local \nwisdom culture so that they understand poorly the meaning of local wisdom culture existence \nas cultural heritage rich of life prudence values. This research aimed to analyze the \ninternalization of local wisdom culture values through I-Spring technology-based art and \nculture learning. The unit of analysis used in this qualitative research with case study \napproach was stakeholders of SMA Batik 2 Surakarta selected using purposive sampling \ntechnique. Techniques of collecting data used were observation, in-depth interview, and \ndocumentation. Data validation was carried out using source triangulation, while data analysis \nwas carried out using an interactive model. The result of research showed that I-Spring \ntechnology-based art and culture learning could be a learning media facilitating the students \nto internalize local wisdom culture values. Through I-Spring learning media, students could \ninternalize, externalize, and objectify local wisdom values in order to achieve the balance of \nstudents\u2019 conscience, supra-ritual, and intellectuality related to God through the content of \nlocal wisdom values.   \n\n \nKeywords: Local wisdom, internalization; art and culture learning; i-Spring \n \n\n \n\nIntroduction  \n\nGlobalization dynamic occurring continuously today contributes considerably to the \n\nchange of society\u2019s social order. It is well established that globalization exerts positive effect \n\non the easy access to the fulfillment of community\u2019s life need through industry, \n\ncommunication, and information technologies. However, on the other hand, globalization \n\ninstead exerts regress effect on the community as manifested into nation demoralization. We", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2574, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "83279d9a-3822-4798-99e3-bf0ad4915c09": {"__data__": {"id_": "83279d9a-3822-4798-99e3-bf0ad4915c09", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53681", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "43e5d228ba1d90ded931b3fbf1ffd79435e7d7f30b5430be97943b115cb9e8ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "33aa1d75-7eed-44ce-a5e2-166d31bd1a20", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "8ff886e61571ee96732c871a54297e5f058946c2006d7437938d3f41139ac374", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "73abe0ee-778a-4128-bb1e-b4c7be4355e1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7fbe4b1544f8c2c3969eb23bb1eabf287f53b18d8f1dcd25f605a3de1aa48a4d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 29-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\ncan witness news coverage about the nation\u2019s moral condition in printed, electronic, and \n\nonline media reporting a variety of events in our homeland with \u201cbad news\u201d. Character \n\neducation contributes considerably to realizing a nation\u2019s gold generation and also serves to \n\nsolve a variety of moral degradation problems among the nation\u2019s next generation (Milleret \n\nal, 2005; Leming, 2008; Rokhmana et al, 2014). \n\nIndonesia as a pluralistic nation has noble values contained in local wisdom of \n\nindividual community culture, one of which is its archipelago art works. Local wisdom can \n\nfunction as a source of noble values that can be used to underlie the inculcation of character \n\ninto students. Local wisdom functions as the source of wisdom values to realize the nation\u2019s \n\nideal that is balanced either materially or spiritually. Local wisdom as a part of community \n\nculture can be an alternative to create a civilized human (Alwasilah, 2009). Thus, a \n\ncomprehensive attempt is needed to put the policy of character education implementation to \n\nbe the spearhead of character formation. Formal education can be a strategic means of \n\ncreating individual\u2019s morality in order to have noble character, sense of humanity, and to grow \n\nself-discipline through local wisdom-based character education among students (Goodlad, \n\n1992; McClellan, 1999; Goodman & Lesnick, 2001). \n\nSMA Batik 2 Surakarta as one of formal education institutions has implemented the \n\nform of local wisdom-based character education through art and culture local content \n\nlearning. Art and culture learning is intended to enable the students to understand, to \n\nappreciate, and to explore their creativity through local art and culture wisdom. School \n\nprovides a variety of supporting facilities such as batik studio, karawitan studio, traditional \n\ndance studio, and batik showroom to exhibit the students\u2019 work product. In art and culture \n\nlearning, a media is required to support the effectiveness of learning objective. An alternative \n\nmedia development appropriate to improve the students learning achievement in two-\n\ndimension fine art material is, among others, the development of I-Spring technology-based \n\nlearning media. This learning media to be developed is the computer-based learning media \n\nthat can be seen from its production and utilization with computer. The development of \n\ncomputer-based learning media with I-Spring program involves several processes: organizing \n\nart and culture material, processing art and culture material in the form of PowerPoint \n\npresentation with I-Spring program help, and providing audio-visual effect and varying \n\ncomputer-based evaluation tool, and finally storing soft file of art and culture material that has \n\nbeen edited completely into CD/Flashdisk, in order to be distributed to students as a learning \n\nmedia for two-dimension fine art material. The implementation of technology-based art and", "start_char_idx": 2579, "end_char_idx": 5813, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "73abe0ee-778a-4128-bb1e-b4c7be4355e1": {"__data__": {"id_": "73abe0ee-778a-4128-bb1e-b4c7be4355e1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53681", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "43e5d228ba1d90ded931b3fbf1ffd79435e7d7f30b5430be97943b115cb9e8ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "83279d9a-3822-4798-99e3-bf0ad4915c09", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "011fd40bb2334ed548952feeef2b355e92304b52f097e1b9828b48272e46ac44", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7cc2d70a-aca5-41c6-a57a-44ac131f437a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dc448d8e03b8ef8a440fd4ac89c488b4931c5ce3cccac106e5140fd9764e3770", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 29-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\nculture learning is expected to attract students\u2019 attention and to help them learn and absorb \n\nlocal wisdom values through art and culture materials. \n\n \n\nMethods \n\n This research aimed to analyze the internalization of local wisdom value through I-\n\nSpring technology-based art and culture learning in the students of SMA Batik 2 Surakarta. \n\nThis qualitative research took place in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta with case study approach (Yin, \n\n2014) and purposive sampling technique. The unit of analysis employed in this research was \n\nstakeholders consisting headmaster, vice headmaster, teachers, and students. Techniques \n\nof collecting data used were observation, in-depth interview, and library study. Data validation \n\nwas carried out using source triangulation and data analysis with an interactive model of \n\nanalysis (Miles and Huberman, 1984). \n\n \n\nResult and Discussion \n\nIn the process of internalizing local wisdom values, SMA Batik 2 Surakarta applies \n\nlocal wisdom-based character education divided into two forms: curricular learning including \n\nJavanese language lesson, compulsory manual labor learning such as membatik (producing \n\nbatik) and karawitan art and culture learning, and extracurricular learning including traditional \n\ndance and keroncong or ethnic music. Curricular learning includes Javanese language \n\nlearning, batik manual labor and karawitan art and culture. The objective of karawitan learning \n\nis to provide a means to grow and to develop the students\u2019 interest, talent, and potency in \n\nlocal art and culture area. In addition, it aims to improve the students\u2019 awareness of the \n\nattempt of conserving local culture and creating the students\u2019 character with noble characters \n\ncorresponding to local wisdom values based on Javanese philosophy. \n\nBerger in his concepts known as social construction proposed three main concepts in \n\nexplaining a subjective-objective interrelation. They are: internalization, externalization, and \n\nobjectification. Social reality, according to Berger, has subjective and objective contribution. \n\nHuman beings produce objectification through internalization process as a subjective reality, \n\nand otherwise, human beings affect objective reality in internalization process. \n\nExternalization is defined as adaptation to socio-cultural world as human product. The \n\nexternalization process the human beings experience as the requirement to pass through the \n\nprocess to become human, through evolution over times. It is just like a child originally \n\nexperiencing primary socialization only, and going outside to secondary socialization (outside", "start_char_idx": 5818, "end_char_idx": 8726, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7cc2d70a-aca5-41c6-a57a-44ac131f437a": {"__data__": {"id_": "7cc2d70a-aca5-41c6-a57a-44ac131f437a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53681", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "43e5d228ba1d90ded931b3fbf1ffd79435e7d7f30b5430be97943b115cb9e8ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "73abe0ee-778a-4128-bb1e-b4c7be4355e1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "49ba0ad8bb811baee272464e0e9a15442cc9e559f50d7c65e237aaa8c4af7f93", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "79ac6793-1a8d-4acb-9825-ab2b0646a229", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c92cc757ff0347d6e9f14ac6db3ffe195bb9cbd72bdb52319947ff9b20be03df", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 29-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\nfriend and playing role), should \u201cput\u201d himself to outside world, in the attempt of actualizing \n\nhimself later (Berger, 1991). \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 1. Preview of I-Spring-based learning media display indicating the diversity of \n\narchipelago local two-dimension fine art products \n\n(Documentation: Misron Zen Fatro, 2018) \n\n \n\nThe values contained in community culture are, among others, mutual cooperation \n\n(gotong royong), tolerance, mutual help, respect, appreciation, and etc. One of art and culture \n\nmaterial examples the students can learn about local wisdom values is archipelago fine art \n\nmaterial such as batik, tenun (woven-cloth), ukir (carving), and etc. The motif of archipelago \n\nfine art work products has some meanings and messages in all of its process stages; it \n\nindicates that local wisdom is reflected on art work product. In music art material, Ki Hajar \n\nDewantara gave a real example through gamelan and karawitan learning, from which some \n\nlessons can be taken: the growth of mystic, esthetic, and ethic feelings. Panen (2004: 1) \n\nexplained that learning in art and culture occurs when art and culture are introduced to \n\nstudents through some methods or media to learn a certain subject using a variety of art and \n\nculture shapes. For example, Islamic history is studied through comic (fine art), song (music \n\nart), fairy tale (drama art), puppet, and etc. In school context, students have entered into \n\nsecondary socialization stage after they have undertaken primary socialization in their family \n\nenvironment. When children enter into school world, they will get new values and norms \n\napplying to their school environment. In this school environment a child is also required to \n\nadapt to the school situation and environment. That is, adapting to other individuals\u2019 character", "start_char_idx": 8731, "end_char_idx": 10835, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "79ac6793-1a8d-4acb-9825-ab2b0646a229": {"__data__": {"id_": "79ac6793-1a8d-4acb-9825-ab2b0646a229", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53681", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "43e5d228ba1d90ded931b3fbf1ffd79435e7d7f30b5430be97943b115cb9e8ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7cc2d70a-aca5-41c6-a57a-44ac131f437a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "b883cd39bbf7cbf6081daf46445395a74d6a8838e3ffc9b4f13d619ee0b664dd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e82c5a84-9587-467c-9416-30b70665ce00", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "59bbfe8078df2544758e9055aea95cd09c53e6c836ccd6962954522049f06db8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 29-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\nin their school environment. Students need externalization in the attempt of actualizing \n\nthemselves in their social environment. In this case, students can actualize by means of \n\nfollowing a variety of curricular and extracurricular activities. \n\nThis process is defined as a process of actualizing human self to the world \n\ncontinuously, in both physical and mental activities. In other words, it is the application of the \n\nresult of internalization process conducted so far or to be conducted continuously in the world, \n\nin both physical and mental activities, including self-adaptation (Berger: 1991). Internalization \n\nof local wisdom values through I-SPRING technology-based art and culture learning can be \n\napplied by students in school life in their daily activities. Thus, it is this that will color the \n\nstudents\u2019 personality actualized into how they think of, treat, and act on other fellow students. \n\nObjectification is something real beyond individual affecting the individual\u2019s moving \n\nspace, even though human being serves as the creator. Objectification is a process of \n\ncrystallizing an object into mind, or any form of externalization that has been conducted to be \n\nreviewed in the reality in environment objectively. So, in this case new interpretation or \n\nadditional interpretation can appear (Berger: 1991). The result of externalization of local \n\nwisdom values through I-SPRING technology-based art and culture learning the students \n\nhave done will be reviewed later by students as a reflection of what they have interpreted. A \n\nstudent will experience the differentiation between individual reality subjectively and social \n\nreality objectively. In this stage, it can be stated that social interaction occurring through \n\ninstitutionalization and legitimation processes. Thus, the understanding on local wisdom \n\nvalues the students have applied to social world then get objective assessment from other \n\nindividuals in surrounding environment. \n\nInternalization is something affecting human being or individual so that he becomes a \n\ncommunity\u2019s product. In internalization process, individual absorbs understanding and \n\nconception of new value and norm in environment situation where he lives. Through \n\ninternalization process, individual can be shaped by a social environment, in which social \n\nenvironment can transfer value and norm conception to individual. At this moment, individual \n\nwill absorb any thing objective in nature and then realize it subjectively. In addition, individual \n\ncan acquire internalization process through primary and secondary socialization processes \n\n(Berger, 1991). \n\n \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 29-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 2. The process of internalization of local wisdom through learning-based \n\ncomputer technology I-Spring \n\n(Documentation: Hendry, 2018) \n\n \n\nI-SPRING technology-based art and culture learning in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta can \n\ninternalize local wisdom values to be actualized by students to their attitude and action in real \n\nworld. After internalization has been conducted continuously, it can create cultural identity \n\ninside students. This identity is considered as the key to subjective reality that is also related \n\ndialectically to community. Identity is created by social processes. As soon as the shape has \n\nbeen gotten, it will be maintained, modified, or even reshaped by social relations. The form \n\nof social process occurring affect an individual\u2019s identity form, whether the identity is \n\nmaintained, modified, or even reshaped. Having passed through various processes in \n\ninternalizing local wisdom values through I-SPRING technology-based art and culture, in the \n\nlast stage the students will embark on identifying themselves. An identity\u2019s tone is created by \n\nthe construction of social processes experienced.  \n\n    \n\nConclusion \n\nThe improvement of Indonesian human\u2019s quality through education channel should get \n\nenrichment through various improving attempts because the phenomena of moral value \n\nproblems are more worrying. Optimizing local wisdom values and personality education \n\nthrough archipelago traditional art wealth replete will cultural value using technology-based \n\nmedia is expected to help the process of internalization moral value and creating Indonesian", "start_char_idx": 10840, "end_char_idx": 15681, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e82c5a84-9587-467c-9416-30b70665ce00": {"__data__": {"id_": "e82c5a84-9587-467c-9416-30b70665ce00", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53681", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "43e5d228ba1d90ded931b3fbf1ffd79435e7d7f30b5430be97943b115cb9e8ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "79ac6793-1a8d-4acb-9825-ab2b0646a229", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "8ccf1dcb8058435affdeb54f66277f20eeb0ac3c3e1970c6ed16f5b0d84a1bac", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "10790c4d-9f0f-4054-9ec9-550b32d42d89", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e15cea504360e9ef3e4d6c5bf7d0f21190cfe57a4da8d82db800ba1dafa11f8b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 29-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n35 \n \n\nnation\u2019s character to be the better one. Thus, Indonesia as the state the people of which have \n\nart diversity should develop arts to be learning media in education unit, in both formal and \n\nnon-formal education. Indonesian people should not exalt outsider art excessively, but should \n\nposition archipelago art as the foundation of Indonesian nation\u2019s development and progress.      \n\n \n\n \n\nReferences  \n\n \n\nAlwasilah, A. C. (2009). Etnopedagogi Landasan Praktek Pendidikan dan Pendidikan Guru. \nBandung: Kiblat. \n\nBerger, P. L. (1991). Langit Suci (Agama Sebagai Realitas Sosial). Jakarta: LP3ES.  \n\nGoodlad, J. (1992). The moral dimensions of schooling and teacher education. Journal of \nMoral Education, 21 (2), p 87\u201398. \n\nGoodman, J. F. and Lesnick, H. (2001). The moral stake in education: Contested premises \nand practices. New York: Longman. \n\nLeming, J. (2008). Research and practice in moral and character education: Loosely Coupled \nPhenomena. In L. P. Nucci & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Handbook of moral and character education. \nNew York: Routledge 134\u2013157. \n\nMcClellen, B. W. (1999). Moral education in America: Schools and the shape of character \nfrom colonial times to the present. New York: Teachers College Press.  \n\nMiles, M. B and Huberman, A. M .1984. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New \nMethods. Michigan University: Sage Publications.  \n\nMiller, T. W., Kraus, R. F and Veltkamp, L. J. (2005). Character education as a prevention \nstrategy in school-related violence. Journal of Primary Prevention, 26, 455\u2013466. \n\nRokhamana, Syaifudin dan Yuliati. (2014). Character Education For Golden Generation 2045 \n(National Character Building for Indonesian Golden Years). Procedia-Social and Behavioral \nSciences 141 1161 \u2013 1165.  \n\nYin, R. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. (5th Edition). Thousand Oaks, \nCA: Sage Publications.", "start_char_idx": 15686, "end_char_idx": 17839, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "10790c4d-9f0f-4054-9ec9-550b32d42d89": {"__data__": {"id_": "10790c4d-9f0f-4054-9ec9-550b32d42d89", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53682", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "9e100794694c995c69237098f121c1c8e287d940ac0d062c50a59367c60ee890", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e82c5a84-9587-467c-9416-30b70665ce00", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53681", "author": "Fatro, Misron Zen; Sulistyo, Edy Tri; Nugroho, Sugeng", "title": " INTERNALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUE THROUGH I-SPRING TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART AND CULTURE LEARNING", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53681.pdf"}, "hash": "5cb5842deb91a2ec8c6d96f0447fd3e32a7d5189fb428b8302177d7c917dc6b7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9d10b14f-d49b-431f-9333-83e56a4407e2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d59097d62ad9cac12e0fd5bd1e9ef0c7a9d776fcf861d7070fde19ff31467ac5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Komang Sri Marheni final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 36-43   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n36 \n \n\n \n CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND  \n\nDENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION \n \n\nKomang Sri Marheni1, A.A. Bagus Wirawan2, A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara3, I Nyoman \nSuarka4 \n\n1,2,3,4Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University \n \n\nemail: 1s2kjbdyunud@yahoo.com.com, 2baguswirawan@yahoo.com, \n3anom_kumbara@unud.ac.id, 4nyoman_suarka@unud.ac.id \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 12-01-2019 \nAccepted Date : 15-01-2019 \nPublished Date : 28-02-2019 \n\n \n\nAbstract \n\nCharacter discourse surfaced in response to globalization. Balinese pop songs also \ncontribute to discourse of character values in the context of the mass culture industry. This \nstudy reveals the ideology, form, and reception of people in Denpasar on the discourse of \ncharacter values in Balinese pop songs. Through a qualitative method with a critical discourse \nanalysis approach based on the semiotic theory, deconstruction, and reception aesthetics, it \nwas concluded that the ideology that constructs the discourse of character values in Balinese \npop songs includes religious ideology, Ajeg Bali, capitalists, and mass media within the scope \nof industrialization of mass culture. Forms of character value discourse in Balinese pop songs \ninclude the value of religious, nationalist, independent, mutual cooperation, and integrity in \nvarious song themes. The public reception in Denpasar on the discourse of character values \nis relatively diverse and ambiguous, both to the meaning of song, capitalist power, producer \npower, and to the power of the mass media. This study found that the discourse of character \nvalues in Balinese pop songs reflects ideological construction in the mass culture industry. \nThere is a tendency to shift from the meaning of the song to the aesthetic and artistic realm \nin accordance with consumer responses. The theory of moral criticism of mass culture is \nconfirmed that the discourse of character values in Balinese pop songs can be developed by \nnegotiating meaning, aesthetics, and artistic. \n\nKeywords: discourse, character values, Balinese pop song, reception of community \n\n \n\nIntroduction \n\nGlobalization struck communities in various parts of the world through five \n\nmainstream, namely Ethnoscape, Technoscape, Financescape, Mediascape, and Ideoscape \n\n(Appadurai, 2006). Globalization is the process of creation of a single World (Robertson 1995)", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2759, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9d10b14f-d49b-431f-9333-83e56a4407e2": {"__data__": {"id_": "9d10b14f-d49b-431f-9333-83e56a4407e2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53682", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "9e100794694c995c69237098f121c1c8e287d940ac0d062c50a59367c60ee890", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "10790c4d-9f0f-4054-9ec9-550b32d42d89", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "ced259c70419e62bd3f2dabb7ea7fbfc861e55bc8aaa43e1408321e28ed40e03", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e7bd2bf5-1e8f-4c99-969f-4d714a8c3f91", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "01e0dee92ae44f56ec17f66b12f349cf87525d8f0d9d5f03b69d4cc377808178", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 36-43   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n37 \n \n\nand The Infinite World (Borderless World) (Ochame, 1999) thus giving a challenge to the \n\nexistence of local cultures due to the weakening of the traditional reference system (Abdullah, \n\n2006). The loss of the dominant value creates a sense of personal and alienation (Giddens, \n\n2005). In the end, identity and character are important problems in globalization, although \n\nglobalization also provides a variety of space for local cultures to articulate themselves. In \n\nfact, the character has an important role for individuals and a nation, especially in the global \n\nculture, to demonstrate the superiority of cultural values and community personality so as to \n\nget positive response from the outside community (Armando, et al., 2008).  \n\nThe struggle of this character is seen in the popular Bali Pop song Fenonema \n\nNowadays, as in the song Bungan Sandat, Taksu, Ngassumariang Bali, also other Balinese \n\nPop songs in various themes. This confirms that Bali's pop song can be used as a media \n\ncharacter forming nation. Although it is not undeniable that the pop culture song as a pop \n\nculture contains paradoxical and ambiguous problematics in itself (Lash, 2004). The \n\nambiguous nature and paradoxical culture of pop can be examined from the criticism of \n\nAdorno and Hoggart (in Tester, 2003) that following the pop culture at its most favorable point \n\nonly implications is simple, but at the most detrimental point it can be an attack To the \n\npossibility of meaningful enlightenment. Given that pop culture targets the sensational world \n\nof audiences that are more aimed at satisfying the eye, rather than enlightenment for human \n\nintellectuality and morality. The criticism confirms the importance of community receptions as \n\nan audience of Balinese pop songs in the assessment and assess the character value \n\ndiscourse. That is, the success of Balinese pop song in building discourse character value \n\nalso depends on community reception. Jauss (1974) stated that literary work was an \n\norchestration that voiced new voices among his readers. The difference in understanding and \n\nappraisal of a literary work is a necessity for the influence of space, time, and socio-cultural \n\nbackground of its readers (Seegers, 1978). Therefore, the community reception in Denpasar \n\nto the discourse of character value in Balinese pop song is also interesting to be examined in \n\ndepth.  \n\nBased on the explanation above can be identified some problems as background of \n\nthis research. Firstly, globalization provides a challenge for the establishment of cultural \n\nidentity and community character especially due to the weakening of the traditional reference \n\nsystem. Secondly, character values play an important role for individuals and citizens to \n\nmanage themselves and their social world. Thirdly, local cultures have the potential to \n\nrespond to global cultures in order to strengthen character values. One of them is through the", "start_char_idx": 2764, "end_char_idx": 6004, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e7bd2bf5-1e8f-4c99-969f-4d714a8c3f91": {"__data__": {"id_": "e7bd2bf5-1e8f-4c99-969f-4d714a8c3f91", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53682", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "9e100794694c995c69237098f121c1c8e287d940ac0d062c50a59367c60ee890", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9d10b14f-d49b-431f-9333-83e56a4407e2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "693a42e8429e7572748df046bd584082526c84bba151792ad5cb3b01de237e96", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "215a590f-39dc-497d-a93f-b95b4754c27a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e239738302233c77a013abdc88887cd1312438b3397f52d205eff040749e7f2e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 36-43   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n38 \n \n\ncultural industry of the mass or pop culture, including Balinese pop song, although the pop \n\nculture is ambiguous and paradoxical which can precisely inhibit the emergence of \n\nenlightenment. Fourth, the pop culture gives audiences greater power to the audience and \n\nthe Balinese pop song so that it provides a diverse reception. Fifth, the community in \n\nDenpasar that has been touched by globalization is seen to have a specific response to the \n\ncharacter value discourse in Balinese pop song. On that basis, the research is focused on \n\nthe ideology of constructing discourse, discourse form, and reception of community in \n\nDenpasar against value discourse Characters in a Balinese pop song. With all three problems \n\nrevealed, this research reached a general purpose and in particular to explain the scientific \n\nfacts about the discourse of character values in Balinese pop song and community reception \n\nin Denpasar City according to the Science of cultural Studies .  \n\n \n\nConcepts and Theories \n\nIn this study there were three concepts that were operationalized, namely the \n\ndiscourse of character values, Balinese pop song, and community receptions. Character \n\ndiscourse is interpreted as a discourse that functions to build character values, namely \n\nreligious character, nationalist, independent, mutual assistance, and integrity. Balinese pop \n\nsongs are popular songs that use the language and background of Balinese culture in \n\ncomposing the lyrics. Meanwhile, the community reception is defined as the acceptance or \n\nresponse of the public (readers or consumers) to a literary work which in this case is a \n\nBalinese pop song. These three concepts are operationalized to assert and limit the scope of \n\nthe discussion. Then, to analyze the data used three theories, namely the semiotic theory, \n\ndeconstruction, and aesthetic receptions that can be explained succinctly as follows.  \n\nFirst, the semiotic theory is used to analyse the ideologies that construct a discourse \n\nof character values in a Balinese pop song in the realm of mass culture so that a semiotic or \n\nsemiological theory of Barthes (2007) was chosen. Assuming the fundamental theory is that \n\neverything represented by the mass culture carries a conotative sign that divides a particular \n\nmessage \u2013 as a way of creating myths \u2013 so that ideology is naturalized in public \n\nconsciousness. So, the discourse of character values in Balinese pop songs is never free of \n\nideological practice channeled through language as a sign system. By reading and \n\ninterpreting signs in the lyrics of the Balinese pop song, the ideology is undoubtedly \n\nundisclosed.", "start_char_idx": 6009, "end_char_idx": 8944, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "215a590f-39dc-497d-a93f-b95b4754c27a": {"__data__": {"id_": "215a590f-39dc-497d-a93f-b95b4754c27a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53682", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "9e100794694c995c69237098f121c1c8e287d940ac0d062c50a59367c60ee890", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e7bd2bf5-1e8f-4c99-969f-4d714a8c3f91", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "9d1d06b478dc3cb461725ff4b4c565a02fa5daaa01ad0ae7e2c928c7acacf410", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "73aa37b7-8c09-4681-93cd-f6a5af97c652", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5261c2599b8aca3b323074ebefd168400cae53a06d0a40067fe720091152bcc0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 36-43   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n39 \n \n\nSecondly, Derrida's deconstruction theory is used to uncover the form of character \n\nvalue discourse in Balinese pop songs. According to Deridda (in Al-Fayyadl, 2005), \n\ndeconstruction was a strategy for parsing the meaning of the text by unpacking the \n\nhierarchical binary opposition relationships; Reject centralized packaging mode, as well as \n\nsingle-truth claims (logocentric); And that the meaning of the text is open to give birth to other \n\ndifferent truths (difference), ambiguous, even unpredicted. So, a discourse of character \n\nvalues in Balinese pop songs can not only be found in songs that are themed on certain \n\ncharacters, but are also found on all theme songs, even those that seem to be contradictory.  \n\nThirdly, the aesthetic theory of receptions or literary receptions is used to uncover \n\ncommunity receptions in Denpasar City against the character value discourse in Balinese pop \n\nsong. According to the Iser (1980), the text always creates gaps (gaps) and empty spaces \n\n(blanks) so that readers can use their imagination to fill the gap and the void. The difference \n\nin the reader in the literary text is determined by the time, social, and also determined the \n\nhorizon of hope based on three basic criteria, namely (a) the norms that are reflected in the \n\ntext read, (b) the knowledge and experience of the reader to Texts that have been read \n\nbefore; and (c) the conflict between fiction and the reality of Life (Seegers, 1978). So, this \n\ntheory gives the reader greater power to respond to the discourse of the character value in a \n\nBalinese pop song.  \n\n \n\nResearch Methods  \n\nThe study was designed in qualitative research with a critical discourse analysis approach. \n\nThe research site is Denpasar city with a number of logical considerations. This type of \n\nqualitative data is descriptive and narrative-dug from primary and secondary data sources. \n\nData is collected through observation, interviews, and document studies. The informant is \n\ndetermined by the technique of purposif or specified, the informant that has capacity and \n\nmeets the criteria as a viable source of information. Researchers became a key instrument in \n\nthis study and supported other instruments, such as interview guidelines, recording tools, and \n\ndata storage tools. Data analysis is done in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, \n\nand withdrawal of sympulsion or verification. The analysis of meaning is done in a descriptive-\n\ninterpretive basis through interpretation and use (Verstehen) by following the steps of literary \n\ntext research. Data analysis results are presented in a descriptive-analytical basis to the \n\nscientific writing systematics.", "start_char_idx": 8950, "end_char_idx": 11928, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "73aa37b7-8c09-4681-93cd-f6a5af97c652": {"__data__": {"id_": "73aa37b7-8c09-4681-93cd-f6a5af97c652", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53682", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "9e100794694c995c69237098f121c1c8e287d940ac0d062c50a59367c60ee890", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "215a590f-39dc-497d-a93f-b95b4754c27a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "eff2ff79bcf98e819a51f3cb0ecc2a991f3b8916e163690709bb66a3e36339cc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "02be8e68-8014-4e20-8816-20e2713701fe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dc64a516d9d0545ae2db4b3cc01c1562c098554f4c7c8a25ad76d1d603d9fe2c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 36-43   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n40 \n \n\nResults and Discussion \n\nBased on the data in the field can be described in general that the Balinese pop song \n\nentered industrialization in the year 1960-an, namely when the work from A.A. Made Cakra \n\nwith the son of Dewata band began to enter the kitchen recording. Classical Balinese pop \n\nsongs took place until the 1990 's, characterized by music technology still Simple. After the \n\n1990 's, the development of Balinese pop song has entered a modern era characterized by \n\nthe use of more modern music technology in the recording industry. A discourse of character \n\nvalues, arose and drowned in the development of Balinese pop song industry that was \n\nenergised capitalism and placed it in commodification widest. Based on the analysis of the \n\ndata in the field according to the problem defined by this research, it can be concluded as \n\nfollows.  \n\nFirstly, the ideology that constructs the discourse of character values in Balinese pop \n\nsongs includes (1) religious ideology, i.e. belief, views, teachings, and values derived from \n\nHindu religion; (2) The ideology of Bali Ajeg, namely the view, attitude, and the value of \n\nmaintaining the survival (AJEG) of the environment, social, and culture of Bali; (3) Capitalist \n\nideology, which is the view and attitude of the capital owner (record Industry) on Bali's pop \n\nsong in the capitalist economic system; and (4) mass media ideology, which is the view and \n\nattitude of the owners of the mass media about the Balinese pop song industry, both within \n\nthe financial and cultural economic sphere. The four ideologies constructed a discourse of \n\ncharacter values in the context of the industrialization of Balinese pop songs aimed at \n\ninfluencing and directing consumers according to the interests of the producers so that the \n\nexchange of meaning or value, the exchange rate ( Change value) for the manufacturer and \n\nthe use value for the consumer. \n\nSecond, the discourse of character in Balinese pop song refers to the values of the \n\nnation character in strengthening character education (2017), including: (1) The value of \n\nreligious character, namely faith and fear to God Almighty, appreciate the difference Religion \n\nand worship, as well as maintaining the harmony of relationships between individuals and \n\nGod, our fellowmen, and nature-environment; (2) The value of the nationalist character, the \n\nlove of Homeland and nation; Respecting the environment, social, and cultural areas; polite \n\nand dignified politics; and placing community interests above personal or group interests; (3) \n\nAn independent character value discourse, i.e. not relying on others, working hard, creative, \n\nprofessional, and Mencita-citakan a better future; (4) A Discourse of the character value of \n\nGotong Royong, which is to appreciate ethnic and cultural diversity, cooperation, solidarity,", "start_char_idx": 11936, "end_char_idx": 15083, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "02be8e68-8014-4e20-8816-20e2713701fe": {"__data__": {"id_": "02be8e68-8014-4e20-8816-20e2713701fe", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53682", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "9e100794694c995c69237098f121c1c8e287d940ac0d062c50a59367c60ee890", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "73aa37b7-8c09-4681-93cd-f6a5af97c652", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "69a5fddc62debcf916f8200730dee34e6f2d1782c7f2926198ec23274e043ee8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c60d0c0d-08e8-43e1-b389-6a3350d15114", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a2936edfc4e2cf87fce009c5a558a1abf8df29dfe886d5559462d2271637940a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 36-43   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n41 \n \n\nsympathy, humanitarian empathy, please help, and volunteering; and (5) A Discourse of \n\ncharacter integrity values, namely moral, honest, disciplined, trustworthy in his thoughts, \n\nwords, and works, and faithful to the values of humanity. These five character values are \n\nfound in the lyrics of the Balinese pop song on various themes, either directly or indirectly \n\nrelated to the value of the character referenced. In this case, the values are negotiated with \n\nthe market acceptance so that the quality of the musical and the popularity of the singers also \n\ndetermines the theme of the song marketed, while the meaning remains the property of the \n\nconsumer.  \n\nThird, the community reception in Denpasar to the discourse of character value in \n\nBalinese pop song, includes (1) reception against the meaning of the song that classical \n\nBalinese pop songs (1960-1990) tend to be responded positively because of the thicker \n\ncharacter value than modern Balinese pop songs (1990 \u2013 present); (2) The reception against \n\ncapital Power that Bali's pop song is prioritizing market demand so that it pays less attention \n\nto the character's value. Songs that are worth the character in the production realm depend \n\non the musicality and popularity of the singing, not on the meaning of the song; (3) The \n\nreception against the power producers that Balinese pop song producers (songwriters, \n\nsingers, and musicians) are tied to capital power so it tends to produce the songs of the more \n\naccepted recording studios and consumers. Balinese pop songs containing character values \n\nare ultimately less prominent in the modern Balinese pop song industry as they are deemed \n\nto be less suited to market tastes; and (4) the reception of the mass media powers that the \n\nmass media has presented a classical to modern Balinese pop songs that are accessible to \n\nall connoisseurs to cater for aesthetic, artistic, and didactical tastes. The public response in \n\nDenpasar City to the discourse of character value in the Balinese pop song that was \n\nconstructed by power of mass media tends to be ambiguous.  \n\n \n\nResearch Findings \n\nFirst, the discourse of the character value in Bali's pop song is an ideological \n\nconstruction involving capital power, producer, and mass media in the mass culture industry \n\nmarked the shifting value of the use value to the change value More consumer-oriented \n\n(market). This fact affirmed the Althuser ideology theory and the mass culture of Adorno, that \n\nthe ideology in Balinese pop songs has no legitimacy in itself, but serves as a tool of \n\nlegitimacy of mass culture production to influence and direct The interests of the ideological \n\ngroup.", "start_char_idx": 15088, "end_char_idx": 18063, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c60d0c0d-08e8-43e1-b389-6a3350d15114": {"__data__": {"id_": "c60d0c0d-08e8-43e1-b389-6a3350d15114", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53682", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "9e100794694c995c69237098f121c1c8e287d940ac0d062c50a59367c60ee890", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "02be8e68-8014-4e20-8816-20e2713701fe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "d275a575a56901ece3ee6bfc2a942be29dd3804d8ab83fc1c288d6e846c77a40", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1b187968-8868-48f3-bf68-d608ef13349f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7b9d8e7d13c750b9a1b965669c3e3494773be4a350843294fe82ebd25424dfca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 36-43   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n42 \n \n\nSecondly, the study found that character discourse tends to be more viscous in \n\nclassical Balinese Pop (1960 \u2013 1990) songs, rather than modern Balinese pop (1990 \u2013 \n\npresent) songs. This fact confirms the shift in power from producers (songwriters, musicians, \n\nand singers) to capital power and mass media. The tendency to degradation of Balinese \n\ncultural elements and character values in the industrialization of Balinese pop songs \n\ndemonstrates strong influences of modern and global cultures, especially the weakening of \n\ntraditional reference systems. In turn, the ambiguity and paradoxical meanings cannot be \n\navoided in the acceptance of the community's connoisseur of Balinese pop songs. Ideological \n\ngroups (capitalistic, producer, and mass media) play a role in creating a single audience like \n\nAdorno's views, so that character values are replaced by their dominant trends of aesthetic \n\nand artistic value. \n\nThirdly, Balinese pop song is a text that is open to the reader's response, giving birth \n\nto a reception or ambiguous response and paradoxical. Industries that prioritize market \n\nacceptance tend to prioritize aesthetic and artistic value so that meanings tend to be ignored. \n\nNevertheless, the public tendencies were found to negotiate an aesthetic, artistic, and \n\nmeaning in Balinese pop songs so that the Balinese pop songs were worth the character, but \n\nwere aesthetically and artistically accepted the market. This affirmes the view that Richard \n\nHoggart is required to develop moral criticism of the impact of the mass culture of educational \n\ncritique. \n\n \n\nReferences \n\nAbdullah, Irwan. (2006). Konstruksi dan Reproduksi Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka \nPelajar. \n\nAl-Fayyadl, Muhammad. (2005). Derrida. Yogyakarta: LKiS Pelangi Aksara. \n\nAppadurai, Arjun. (2006). \u201cDisjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy\u201d dalam \nMedia and Cultural Studies: Keyworks, Meenakshi Gigi Durham & Douglas M. Kellner (Eds.), \nOxford: Blackwell Publishing. \n\nArmando, Ade, dkk. (2008). Refleksi Karakter Bangsa. Jakarta: Forum Kajian Antropologi \nIndonesia. \n\nAudifax. (2007). Semiotika Tuhan: Tafsir Atas Pembacaan Manusia Terhadap Tuhan. \nYogyakarta: Pinus Book Publisher.  \n\nBarthes, Roland. 2004. Mitologi. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.", "start_char_idx": 18069, "end_char_idx": 20634, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1b187968-8868-48f3-bf68-d608ef13349f": {"__data__": {"id_": "1b187968-8868-48f3-bf68-d608ef13349f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-53682", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "9e100794694c995c69237098f121c1c8e287d940ac0d062c50a59367c60ee890", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c60d0c0d-08e8-43e1-b389-6a3350d15114", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "1a184c4d12ef8885bb72d292b36503b8035c37f741d8664edbce4e894aee1c1b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4ac075eb-035c-49d2-8dc6-cbca230e89d6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "12dca158e60495b5b858e97cf97bb33d9ab0928ba2d1b3c6a0ef1e4bc3e36391", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                    February 2019 Vol. 12, Number 1, Page 36-43   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n43 \n \n\n________. (2007). Petualangan Semiologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nGiddens, Anthony. (2005). Konsekuensi-konsekuensi Modernitas. Yogyakarta: Kreasi \nWacana. \n\nIser, Wolfgang. (1980). \u201cInteraction between Text and Reader\u201d. In Susan R. Suleiman and \nInge Crosman (ed.). The Reader in the Text. Princetown: Princetown University Press. \n\nJauss, Hans Robert. (1974). \u201cLiterary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory\u201d. dalam Ralp \nCohen (Ed.). New Direction in Literary History. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. \n\nLash, Scott. (2004). Sosiologi Postmodernisme. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nOchame, Kenichi. (1999). The Borderless World. Power and Strategy in the Interlinked \nEconomy. Revision Edition. London: Profile Bussines.   \n\nRobertson, Roland. (1995). \u201cGlocalization: Time-Space and Homogeneity-Heterogeneity\u201d. In: \nFeatherstone, M., Lash, S. and Robertson, R., (Eds.).  Global Modernities. London. Sage \nPublications. \n\nSegers, Rien T. (1978). The Evolution of Literary Texts. Lisse: The Peter de Rider Press. \n\nStorey, John. (2004). Teori Budaya dan Budaya Populer: Memetakan Lanskap Cultural \nStudies. Yogyakarta: CV. Qalam. \n\nTester, Keith. (2003). Media, Budaya, dan Moralitas. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.", "start_char_idx": 20640, "end_char_idx": 22145, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4ac075eb-035c-49d2-8dc6-cbca230e89d6": {"__data__": {"id_": "4ac075eb-035c-49d2-8dc6-cbca230e89d6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5437", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "9cfba79230f07e174a75543eefe7ea2a6bc4624e9a5260be631afd988a7b9f3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1b187968-8868-48f3-bf68-d608ef13349f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-53682", "author": "Sri Marheni, Komang; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " CHARACTER VALUE DISCOURSE IN BALI'S POP SONG AND DENPASAR CITY\u2019S PUBLIC RECEPTION", "date": "2019-02-28", "file": "ecs-53682.pdf"}, "hash": "a5466016a36770fa50c2f1a06f17fa74509b4ae73bb9b6d90e2c153e2326bd09", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "37d0a5f2-ebae-46af-b72d-52475e7104cc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "26ba344be20110f6b88cf82a95e630ea26f58752561a8ed870f3aa7b827fdc42", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "1 \n \n\nECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES ATPEMUTERAN VILLAGE, \nBALIIN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION \n\n \n\nI Wayan Mudana \n\nEducation University of Ganesha \n\nJalan Ahmad Yani No. 67 Singaraja \n\nE-mail: iwayanmudana75@yahoo.com \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\nThis study was focused on questions (1) what factors caused the economic, political, \n\nand civil societies to invest their social capital in the preservation of marine and coastal \n\nenvironments at Pemuteran Village? (2) What was the social capital invested by the \n\neconomic, political, and civil societies in the preservation of coastal and marine \n\nenvironments at Pemuteran Village like? (3) What was done to discipline the maintenance of \n\nthe social capital invested in the preservation of the coastal and marine environments at \n\nPemuteran Village?  \n\nSome critical theories were used to analyze the answers to the problems. Qualitative \n\nresearch method with the approach of cultural studies was employed in this study. The data \n\nwere collected through observation, in-depth interview, and library research. The data were \n\nqualitatively and descriptively analyzed. \n\nThe result of the study showed that the cooperation among the economic, political, \n\nand civil societies to invest their social capital in the preservation of the marine and coastal \n\nenvironments at Pemuteran Village was based on the awareness of the condition of the \n\nnatural environment, ecological smartness, meaningfulness which was economic, political, \n\nsociological, and socio-religious in nature, and developmental policy. The social capital \n\ninvested by the economic, political and civil societies was in the forms of the ideologies of tri \n\nhita karana, nyegara-gunung, menyama braya, kinship system, neighborhood relation, \n\ntraditional village, and administrative village. It was maintained through cultural socialization \n\nprocess, and physical and spiritual disciplining process. \n\n \n\nKeywords: economic, political, and civil societies, social capital, preservation of marine and \n\ncoastal environment.", "start_char_idx": 31, "end_char_idx": 2089, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "37d0a5f2-ebae-46af-b72d-52475e7104cc": {"__data__": {"id_": "37d0a5f2-ebae-46af-b72d-52475e7104cc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5437", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "9cfba79230f07e174a75543eefe7ea2a6bc4624e9a5260be631afd988a7b9f3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4ac075eb-035c-49d2-8dc6-cbca230e89d6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "8c307cae7178e265c469c3bc415adf4a740236157dcd5c68979591516b8e69bf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2cc114ad-0b9b-45bc-9ce7-7b6666a1572e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4c7a611fd0171f81c35f1e530c29e913f7398d0013d019c6e8573469631d8ee0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nBuleleng Regency has wide enough coastal and marine environments. From \n\nHasbullah\u2019s perspective (2006: 18), the wide enough coastal and marine environments serve \n\nas the natural capital for the coastal society. Such a natural capital can be used as a space \n\nwhere people can live. In relation to that, the coastal and marine environments are exploited \n\nto satisfy what people need. From Bourdieu\u2019s perspective (2004, 124), the coastal and \n\nmarine environments are the arenas where people fight over limited sources or accesses.  \n\nHowever, the coastal and marine environments are often fought over and used in an \n\nirresponsible fashion. Such a phenomenon cannot be separated from the existence of the \n\nmarine and coastal environments as collective belongings and the fact that the ideology of \n\nthe economy of coboysm is developing (Korten, 1993: 65) as part of the development of \n\nconsumer culture (Featherstone, 2001: 63; Storey, 2007: 143).The fact that the existence of \n\nthe sea as a collective belonging is also responsible for the environmental degradation. \n\nHowever, as far as what has happened at Pemuteran Village, Gerokgak District, is \n\nconcerned, the contrast has taken place. The marine and coastal ecosystems are preserved. \n\nThe economic, political, and civil societies have worked together to invest their social capital \n\nat Pemuteran Village. \n\nThe problems of the present study are formulated as follows. (1) what factors caused \n\nthe economic, political, and civil societies to invest their social capital in the preservation of \n\nmarine and coastal environments at Pemuteran Village? (2) What was the social capital \n\ninvested by the economic, political, and civil societies in the preservation of coastal and \n\nmarine environments at Pemuteran Village like? (3) What was done to discipline the \n\nmaintenance of the social capital invested in the preservation of the coastal and marine \n\nenvironments at Pemuteran Village? \n\nThis study was aimed at analyzing, understanding and describing the factors which \n\ncaused the civil, political, and economic societies to invest their social capital in the \n\npreservation of the coastal and marine environments at Pemuteran Village, Gerokgak, \n\nBuleleng Regency. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nQualitative method was used in the present study. The informants were determined \n\nusing purposive and snow-ball techniques. The data were collected through observation, in-\n\ndepth interview, and library research. The data were descriptively and qualitatively described \n\nand were presented in a narrative fashion.", "start_char_idx": 2106, "end_char_idx": 4700, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2cc114ad-0b9b-45bc-9ce7-7b6666a1572e": {"__data__": {"id_": "2cc114ad-0b9b-45bc-9ce7-7b6666a1572e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5437", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "9cfba79230f07e174a75543eefe7ea2a6bc4624e9a5260be631afd988a7b9f3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "37d0a5f2-ebae-46af-b72d-52475e7104cc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "21c44384cd6183ac4147c8c75e34120623bb66acffb3cf150dda5c9231dcf495", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "654b9e25-52cc-4a2e-a191-a981a6c3419d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1dbe9c9d7f625be2ad1b7ce540ddd15b69e234a74ceff76c6bcde353d1b052f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\nPemuteran Village is one of the oldest villages in Gerokgak District, Buleleng \n\nRegency, Bali. The area of the village is nyegara gunung in nature, and serves as a space \n\nfor living for the villagers. Various groups of people such as economic, political, and civil \n\nsocieties make use of it. \n\nAt Pemuteran Village, they work together to invest and use their social capital. Such \n\ninvestment and use of the three societies is a scarce phenomenon as they have different \n\nideologies and are not accommodating to the social capital. The political society frequently \n\nsides with the economic society for the sake of development. They work together to repress, \n\ndominate, and isolate minor societies. \n\nHowever, as far as what has happened at Pemuteran Village is concerned, they work \n\ntogether for the sake of the local people\u2019s interests, one of which is to preserve the marine \n\nand coastal environments in general, and the \u2018terumbu karang\u2019 (the ridge of rock exposed at \n\nlow tide). The revitalization of \u2018terumbu karang\u2019 at Pemuteran Bay has been done since 2000 \n\nunder the project of Konservasi Karang Lestari. The national and international awards \n\nbestowed five times to the village have proved this. That cannot be separated from the \n\nsupport provided by the local people through their \u2018desa pekraman\u2019 (traditional village) and \n\n\u2018pecalang laut\u2019 (a group of local people who are supposed to be in charge of the security of \n\nthe marine and coastal environments), the economic society which, in this case, includes \n\nTaman Sari Hotel, Amerta Pondok Sari Hotel, and High Academy Dive Shop which fund \n\nelectricity, and the political society which, in this case, the village government, district \n\ngovernment, regency government, provincial government, and central government in the \n\nforms of supervision, funding, and establishment of Pokwaswas.  \n\nThis finding is contrary to various views which state that the social capital cannot \n\ncontribute to the process of modernization and/or modernization causes the social capital to \n\nevade (Schoeder, 2002: 155). As far as what has happened at Pemuteran Village is \n\nconcerned, the social capital is getting stronger.  \n\nThe awareness that it is important to overcome the environmental degradation has \n\ncaused the economic society, political society, and civil society to work together to invest \n\ntheir social capital in order to preserve the coastal and marine environments at Pemuteran \n\nVillage. They develop the social capital to preserve the environment. \n\nEcological smartness the local people have cannot be separated from such \n\necological awareness. It is poured in the form of ecology-based local genius. The philosophy \n\nis that the universe is not the source which should only be exploited; it is also a huge \n\ncollective space for living and, therefore, it should be protected, looked after, and organized; \n\nit is not to be degraded. The involvement of the three societies in preserving the coastal and \n\nmarine environments cannot be separated from the ideologies of Tri Hita Karana  and", "start_char_idx": 4714, "end_char_idx": 7810, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "654b9e25-52cc-4a2e-a191-a981a6c3419d": {"__data__": {"id_": "654b9e25-52cc-4a2e-a191-a981a6c3419d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5437", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "9cfba79230f07e174a75543eefe7ea2a6bc4624e9a5260be631afd988a7b9f3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2cc114ad-0b9b-45bc-9ce7-7b6666a1572e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "ee5d87151781493d19052e64039939de681146c9722280fe549aece33030c543", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "391b0668-7419-43b2-9177-3df1a6d6666e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "61a34773b14257473e89634e89e23db6f51dfe7a89a6b5804e72184a6dc292c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\nNyegara Gunung. It seems that such texts have caused various social texts such as \n\npecalang segara and pokwaswas to develop. \n\nThe forms of the social capital invested include the ideologies of tri hita karana, \n\nnyegara gunung, menyama braya (brotherhood), kinship system, neighbourhood relation, \n\ndesa pakraman (traditional village) and desa dinas (administrative village). The social capital \n\nis maintained through physical and spiritual disciplining processes involving the three \n\nsocieties. Such disciplining processes are done through social construction process (Berger \n\nand Luckman, 1990). The involvement of the economic society is not only in the form of \n\nfinance but also in the form of work force. It employs several security guards to protect the \n\nsocial capital and preserve the environment. The political society maintains the social capital \n\nand environment by getting involved in the socialization process, giving financial assistance, \n\nand establishing Pecalang Segara and POKMASWAS. The civil society gives its contribution \n\nby maintaining the social capital, supporting the existence of pecalang segara by getting \n\nactively involved in the process of developing and maintaining the social capital and \n\npreserving the environment. \n\nThrough socialization process, the personality of the villagers is constructed, the \n\nsocial capital is strengthened, and the environment is preserved. The villagers attempt to \n\ndiscipline themselves through various social arenas to maintain the social capital and to \n\npreserve the environment. Correcting and educating to grow are what the disciplining \n\nprocess is aimed at. The social arenas such as families, educational institutions, desa \n\npakraman (traditional village), seka-seka (traditional groups), and the other societal rites at \n\nPemuteran Village are used as the media of disciplining process. At Pemuteran Village, the \n\ndisciplining process has taken place physically and spiritually.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\nThe cooperation among the economic, political, and civil societies to invest the social \n\ncapital in the preservation of the marine and coastal environments at Pemuteran Village are \n\nmotivated by several factors; they are: the need to overcome the environmental degradation, \n\nthe ecological smartness of the economic, political, sociological, and socio-religious \n\nsocieties, and developmental policy. The forms of the social capital they share are the \n\nideologies of tri hita karana, nyegara gunung,  menyama beraya, kinship system, \n\nneighborhood relation, traditional village, and administrative village.  \n\nThe social capital is maintained through cultural socialization process, and physical \n\nand spiritual disciplining process. Through these processes, the personality of the villagers is \n\nconstructed, the social capital is strengthened, and the environment is preserved. The local \n\npeople make an attempt to discipline themselves through various social arenas by", "start_char_idx": 7815, "end_char_idx": 10801, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "391b0668-7419-43b2-9177-3df1a6d6666e": {"__data__": {"id_": "391b0668-7419-43b2-9177-3df1a6d6666e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5437", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "9cfba79230f07e174a75543eefe7ea2a6bc4624e9a5260be631afd988a7b9f3c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "654b9e25-52cc-4a2e-a191-a981a6c3419d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "c6cf221cbbd820211502955c16bf9769c2db57818c0668d780dbef0dbb86ca0f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1af5015a-0934-49a2-a60e-2e7cd0df4fc1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a1eee804dc7ab7c16078bdb4e4e061ba4b1f1226d03ac9e3a6c7299c0877be2c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\nmaintaining the social capital, and preserving the environment. The disciplining process is \n\naimed at correcting and educating to grow.  \n\nObserving the reality of social capital and environmental preservation at Pemuteran \n\nVillage with its various challenges at the levels of arena, profession and practical activity of \n\nhumans, domain, and habitus, it is suggested that attempts should be made and research \n\nshould be conducted to strengthen the social capital and environmental preservation. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\nI would like to thank Prof. Dr. Nengah Bawa Atmadja, M.A. as the Supervisor, Prof. \n\nDr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A., as Co-supervisor 1, and Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U.  as Co-\n\nsupervisor 2. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nBaudrillard, Jean. 2000. Berahi. Yogyakarta: Bentang. \n\nBerger, Peter L dan Thomas Luckman. 1990. \n\nTafsirSosialAtasKenyataanRisalahTentangSosiologiPengetahuan. Jakarta: LP3ES.  \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1997. DisiplinTubuh, BengkelIndividu Modern. Yogyakarta: LkiS. \n\nHasbullah, Jousairi. 2006. Sosial Capital, menujuKeunggulanBudayamanusia Indonesia. \n\nJakarta: MR-United Press. \n\nKorten, David C. 1993. Menuju Abad 21: TindakanSukareladan Agenda Global. Jakarta: \n\nSinarHarapan.  \n\nMudana, I Wayan. 2013. \u201cKolaborasiMasyarakatEkonomi, Politik, \n\ndanSipildalamMenginvestasikan Modal \n\nSosialuntukKelestarianLingkunganLautdanPesisir di DesaPemuteran, Buleleng, \n\nBali\u201d,disertation, Program Doktor, Program StudiKajianBudaya, Program \n\nPascasarjana, UniversitasUdayana, Denpasar. \n\nSchoeder, Ralph. 2002. Max Weber tentangHegemoniSistemKepercayaan. Yogyakarta: \n\nKanisius. \n\nStorey, John. 2003. TeoriBudayadanBudaya Pop, MemetakanLanskapKonseptual Cultural \n\nStudies. Yogyakarta: Qalam. \n\nSusilo, Y. Eko Budi. 2003. MenujuKeselarasanLingkungan. Malang: Averroes Press. \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\n6", "start_char_idx": 10806, "end_char_idx": 12628, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1af5015a-0934-49a2-a60e-2e7cd0df4fc1": {"__data__": {"id_": "1af5015a-0934-49a2-a60e-2e7cd0df4fc1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5438", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "hash": "82e6913f20d687ede5a6f50838507ba2526391f2a9788547719d040881584ed2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "391b0668-7419-43b2-9177-3df1a6d6666e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5437", "author": "Mudana, I Wayan", "title": " ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL SOCIETIES AT PEMUTERAN VILLAGE, BALI IN COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5437.pdf"}, "hash": "8d770bd81e71a4d1055c4db2e07e41b7912c47264f1ba5f89f7fdd699cee329d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d177e797-c5be-46bc-a616-7181558eb836", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "70a292ce84fba40f6a794577f9aeb6bf126b7a81d85284254a8b418ae6fea547", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "1 \n\n \n\nSOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS  \n\nIN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI  \nTO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY \n\n \nI Ketut Sudita \n\nFaculty of Languages and Art, Ganesha University of Education \n\nJalan Ahmad Yani No. 67 Singaraja, Bali \n\nE-mail: ketut sudita@ymail.com \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n\n Balinese sculptors in districts of Ubud and Sukawati, Gianyar, Bali pry into \n\nthe Law of Pornography. Those who agree state that the law is needed to maintain \n\nthe morality which has been getting worse, and those who disagree state that it may \n\nemasculate their freedom and creativities. This study gives answers to (1) what \n\nsocial practices were performed by the Balinese sculptors to pry into the Law of \n\nPornography?, (2) why did they pry into the application of the law?, and (3) what was \n\nthe meaning of their prying? \n\n Several relevant critical theories such as the theory of structuration, the \n\ntheory of hegemony, and the theory of aesthetics were eclectically used in this study. \n\nThe data needed were collected through observation, in-depth interview, \n\ndocumentation study, and library research. \n\n The result of the study showed that the Balinese sculptors showed their \n\nresistance to the application of the law by making adaptation, changing profession, \n\nand still producing pornographic works. The sanction which might be imposed upon \n\nthem, the consumers of pornographic works decreased, and they were eliminated \n\nfrom exhibitions scared them when they pried into the law. What they did could not \n\nbe separated from economic, political, ideological, moral, and ethic factors. The \n\nmeaning of their prying was that it caused them to lose their idealism, their \n\nconsumers went down, and the number of pornographic works dropped as well.  \n\n \n\nKeywords: social practices, Balinese sculptors, hegemony, the Law of Pornography. \n\n\n\n2 \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\n The disparities in the interpretation of the text of the law of pornography, \n\nsince it was a bill until it was enacted, led to the fact that many people agreed and \n\nmany others disagreed with it. Those who agreed stated that the State morality and \n\netiquette were so bad that restrictions should be made. However, those who \n\ndisagreed stated that the law of pornography restricted freedom of expression \n\nespecially in art. The two groups showed their protests by holding demonstrations. \n\n The government and the Legislative Assembly legalized the Law of \n\nPornography. However, the Balinese community, the regional government, the Bali \n\ngovernor, the Provincial Regional Houses of People\u2019s Representative, and Non \n\nGovernment Organizations still disagreed and proposed a material test to Court of \n\nConstitution. The material test was accepted; however, it was finally nullified. The \n\nlaw of pornography is still applicable with a note that it is not applicable to customs \n\nand traditions, people\u2019s habit, art, and religious symbols. The protest was centrally \n\nexpressed, and locally, it was expressed through social practices.  \n\n The Balinese sculptors in the districts of Ubud and Sukawati showed their \n\nresistance, made adaptation, and some changed their profession. Based on the \n\nbackground described above, the problems explored in the present study are: (1) \n\nwhat the Balinese sculptors did to pry into the Law of Pornography in order to \n\nmaintain their existence? (2) Why the Balinese sculptors culturally pried into the \n\napplicability of the Law of Pornography instead of expressing a continued protest? \n\n(3) What was the meaning of what was culturally done by the Balinese sculptors to \n\npry into the Law of Pornography to their lives and what was its relationship to various \n\nshareholders? \n\n Related to the problems described above, this study aimed at revealing and \n\nunderstanding the social practices done by the Balinese sculptors, especially those \n\nwho live in Districts of Ubud and Sukawati,  to pry into the Law of Pornography.", "start_char_idx": 31, "end_char_idx": 3984, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d177e797-c5be-46bc-a616-7181558eb836": {"__data__": {"id_": "d177e797-c5be-46bc-a616-7181558eb836", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5438", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "hash": "82e6913f20d687ede5a6f50838507ba2526391f2a9788547719d040881584ed2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1af5015a-0934-49a2-a60e-2e7cd0df4fc1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "hash": "0bf83e1e2da0d9780802bda261678cddcaf0eba734855e0e7b1a3b36c82f9499", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a696a398-1312-49bc-b6e9-963ffbcf1b14", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2d74f7d0634d0622245e8524c1a33e0cf39fb5a76ce835496913803423ce0659", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n  This study was conducted in Districts of Ubud and Sukawati, Gianyar, Bali, \n\nfor the consideration that in the two districts many Balinese and non Balinese artists \n\nstay permanently and temporarily. In addition, there are many art shops, art traders, \n\nart galleries, art museum, which could be used as the data sources. The primary \n\ndata were collected using techniques of observation and in-depth interview, and the \n\nsecondary data were collected through library research and documentation study. \n\nThis study is a qualitative one, in which the data were qualitatively analyzed. The \n\ntheories used to reveal the problems of the study were the theory of structuration \n\nproposed by Giddens (2010), the theory of hegemony proposed by Gramsci (in \n\nBaker, 2004: 62), the theory of aesthetics proposed by Kant (in Sahman, 1993: 183) \n\nconcerning \u201ctaste\u201d, the theory of resistance (Scott, 2000:xxiii), and the theory of \n\nadaptation proposed by Bennet (in Prasetijo Adi, 2008 accessed on 1-1-2011), and \n\ntheory of postmodern (Ritzer, 2009: 18). \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\n Keeping producing pornographic works was the social practice performed by \n\nthe Balinese sculptors in Districts of Ubud and Sukawati, Gianyar, Bali. They were \n\nalso innovative in prying into the applicability of the Law of Pornography by \n\nproducing pornographic paintings, pornographic statues, and other pornographic \n\nworks. Some  held art exhibitions, got involved in performing art, some changed \n\nprofession, some changed style, some made adaptation to pry into their \n\npornographic works, and others innovated their pornographic works. Displaying \n\npornographic works in the museums, art galleries, art markets, and art shops was \n\nalso another social practice done by the Balinese sculptors and people. Some also \n\nintentionally created erotic pornographic works. \n\n There were two factors which caused the Balinese sculptors to pry into the \n\napplicability of the Law of Pornography and not to express a continued protest. They \n\nwere classified as internal and external factors. The internal factor included being \n\nmotivated to create art works, freedom of expression, the wish to be getting quickly \n\npopular, and an attempt to pry into the Law of Pornography. The external factors", "start_char_idx": 4002, "end_char_idx": 6301, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a696a398-1312-49bc-b6e9-963ffbcf1b14": {"__data__": {"id_": "a696a398-1312-49bc-b6e9-963ffbcf1b14", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5438", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "hash": "82e6913f20d687ede5a6f50838507ba2526391f2a9788547719d040881584ed2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d177e797-c5be-46bc-a616-7181558eb836", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "hash": "8950ee418e9c7a17d388d01e0a863ff06e600771855bb0af1cb0218f34cdb393", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e6bfc79e-d9bd-4235-8219-0a72004e387f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d8b0e23671e456e8f5f9dd255237a9c6906d6a24828d8f8b063a215ae15c3bae", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n\n \n\nincluded the fear of the sanction imposed upon if breaking the Law of Pornography, \n\nthe fact that the number of consumers of pornographic works was decreasing, the \n\nfact that pornographic works were full of risks, being eliminated from exhibitions, \n\nsensational creation of pornographic works and economy. The ideology, politics and \n\nidealism, and creativity of the Balinese sculptors should be maintained.  \n\n The meaning of what was done to pry into the Law of Pornography was seen \n\nfrom the cultural implication on the Balinese sculptors and its relationship with \n\nvarious stakeholders, which was influenced by the applicability of the Law of \n\nPornography. The implications were that the number of those interested in \n\npornographic works was decreasing, the number of pornographic works was going \n\ndown, there was a fall in regard to the freedom of expression, the style of fine arts \n\nchanged,  and the aesthetics of pornographic art works also changed.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\n The Balinese sculptors performed the social practice of structuration to pry \n\ninto the applicability of the Law of Pornography. The reasons which led to this were \n\nthat  it was difficult for them to sell any work which was suspected to be \n\npornographic, they were eliminated from exhibitions, they were fearful of the sanction \n\npossibly imposed upon them if breaking the Law of Pornography, and it was difficult \n\nfor them to display pornographic works in the public place. The decrease in the \n\nnumber of pornographic works, and the fall in the number of artists who usually \n\nproduced pornographic works affected the lives of the Balinese sculptors. However, \n\nmany changed their style and school, and the number of pornographic works went \n\ndown quantitatively. There was a fear that it would difficult to find pornographic works \n\nin the future as it was predicted that they would get extinct, although Ubud and \n\nSukawati are the districts and centers of artists in Bali. This situation was taken over \n\nby the non Balinese artists who created much more pornographic works than the \n\nBalinese ones. Even the non Balinese artists used the Balinese terms of address \n\nsuch as Wayan, Made, Ngurah, Gede, Dewa, Agung and so forth as the identities of \n\ntheir works. This was harmful to the development of the Balinese fine arts and \n\nsculptors.", "start_char_idx": 6306, "end_char_idx": 8666, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e6bfc79e-d9bd-4235-8219-0a72004e387f": {"__data__": {"id_": "e6bfc79e-d9bd-4235-8219-0a72004e387f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5438", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "hash": "82e6913f20d687ede5a6f50838507ba2526391f2a9788547719d040881584ed2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a696a398-1312-49bc-b6e9-963ffbcf1b14", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "hash": "0fa9e1ebec92f57b8cc862f9afef0f59e59224bc97db322db905f00fafe44b1d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "99505daa-cfda-4557-9c21-09adc3181241", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b01b922aba7a3ecae2daf68bcb4abf2ec820567cec8291d376e78b63f49c0a5e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n\n \n\n It is suggested to the Balinese sculptors to keep creating pornographic works \n\nalthough it is difficult to sell them. It is necessary to preserve such works as a cultural \n\nasset. The reason is that it is difficult for the sculptors to change style, school, and \n\nprofession. It is suggested to the government and Legislative Assembly that they \n\nshould give freedom for pornographic works to develop as before. It is suggested to \n\nthose who agree and disagree that the pornographic works should be viewed and \n\nappreciated aesthetically. It is also suggested to the stakeholders, the owners of art \n\nmuseums, galleries and art shops, art observers, curators, art lovers, collectors and \n\nothers that they should help each other maintain pornographic works and the \n\nexisting social practices. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \n\n In this opportunity the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. Nengah Bawa \n\nAtmadja, M.A., as the main supervisor, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sirtha, SH, M.S., and \n\nProf. Dr. I Nyoman Weda Kusuma, M.S., as Co-supervisor I and Co-supervisor II,  \n\nfor their supervision and correction starting from the time when the proposal was \n\nprepared to the time when the dissertation was completed.  \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \nBarker, Chris. 2009. Cultural Studies, Teori & Praktik. Yogyakarta: Kreasi \n\nWacana. \n\nGiddens, Anthony. 2004. The Construction of Society (Teori Strukturasi Untuk \n\nAnalisis Sosial). Malang: Pedati.  \n\nPrasetijo, Adi. 2008. \u201cIlmu dan Aplikasi Pendidikan: Bagian I: Ilmu Pendidikan \n\nTeoretis\u201d, http:prasetijo.wordpress.com/2008/01/28/adaptasi-dalam \n\nantropologi.  Diakses 2011/01/01. \n\nRitzer, George. 2009. Teori Sosial Postmodern. Yogyakaryta: Kreasi \n\nWacana. \n\n\n\n6 \n\n \n\nSahman, Humar. 1993. Mengenali Dunia Seni Rupa: Tentang seni, karya \n\nseni, aktivitas Kreatif, Apresiasi, Kritik dan Estetika. IKIP  Semarang: \n\nSemarang Press. \n\nScott, James, C. 2000. Senjatanya Orang-orang yang Kalah: Bentuk \n\nPerlawanan Sehari-hari Kaum Tani. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor. \n\nSudita, I Ketut. 2012. \u201dPraktik Sosial Perupa Bali dalam Menyiasati \n\nBerlakunya Undang-undang Pornografi di Kecamatan Ubud dan \n\nKecamatan Sukawati, Gianyar\u201d, disertation, Program Studi Doktor \n\nKajian Budaya, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Udayana, \n\nDenpasar.  \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n7", "start_char_idx": 8672, "end_char_idx": 10981, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "99505daa-cfda-4557-9c21-09adc3181241": {"__data__": {"id_": "99505daa-cfda-4557-9c21-09adc3181241", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5439", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "359ecc6426574777feaa81eed2bae9568fae525fd01eac6b46cf0943e73aa330", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e6bfc79e-d9bd-4235-8219-0a72004e387f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5438", "author": "Sudita, I Ketut", "title": " SOCIAL PRACTICE PERFORMED BY BALINESE SCULPTORS IN DISTRICTS OF UBUD AND SUKAWATI TO PRY INTO THE LAW OF PHORNOGRAPHY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5438.pdf"}, "hash": "432f37a63ae66f0d2403bb67c3200105710f75990485574c5a52eba84ee7c5f2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "07b3af11-6b11-4d05-933d-a091b6c99f88", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "93c25efddbfb9ac26060dbc60cf7e8e1b83df27ba4d3ab936f99b4aa07ded0ca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "\u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE \nIN GLOBALIZATION ERA \n\n \nI KomangSudirga \n\n \n\nFaculty of Performing Art, Institute of the Arts of Indonesia Denpasar \n\nJalan Nusa Indah, Denpasar \n\nEmail: sudirgakomang@yahoo.com \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n\n Pasantian, which means reading and reciting a literary work, is growing, \n\ndeveloping and resurrecting resistively in the life of the Balinese community in the \n\nglobalization era. This study tries to answer the following questions: (1) what was \n\nthe renaissance of pasantian in the globalization era in Bali like; (2) what factors \n\ncontributed to the renaissance of pasantian in the globalization era in Bali; (3) \n\nwhat was the meaning of the renaissance of pasantian in the globalization era in \n\nBali? \n\n This study in which qualitative method was used. It was intended to \n\nidentify the existence of pasantian and its dynamism through its renaissance in \n\nthe globalization era. The theory of deconstruction (Derrida, in Norris, 2008), the \n\ntheory of practice (Bourdieu in Takwin, 2009 and Fashri, 2007), the theory of \n\npostmodern (Piliang, 2004, and Piliang, 2004a), and the theory of hegemony \n\n(Gramsci, in Barker, 2005) were eclectically used to analyze the data.  \n\n The result showed that the renaissance of pasantian took place in three \n\nperiods; the initial renaissance took place from 1979 to 1990, the second from \n\n1991 to 1998, and the third from 1999 to 2010s. Such a renaissance was \n\nsupported by cultural factors. In addition, political and economic factors also \n\ncontributed to the renaissance of pasantian. It had socio-cultural, and economic \n\neffects, which led to multi-meanings such as educational meaning, entertainment \n\nmeaning, the meaning of politics of image, the meaning of hypermorality, and the \n\nmeaning of maintenance of socio-cultural meanings. \n\n \n\nKeywords: pasantian, reassurance, globalization.", "start_char_idx": 31, "end_char_idx": 1910, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "07b3af11-6b11-4d05-933d-a091b6c99f88": {"__data__": {"id_": "07b3af11-6b11-4d05-933d-a091b6c99f88", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5439", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "359ecc6426574777feaa81eed2bae9568fae525fd01eac6b46cf0943e73aa330", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "99505daa-cfda-4557-9c21-09adc3181241", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "4f4f21b3342a8f14d4bff0c2e0f9ffef18a4b60b2038580913ab53d02eb8c50e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "45f152cf-8c03-4ba1-874e-23f3c7f89206", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3834977d0fbbcdf7c1dce36aab83c85ba3eef119223c003079c8c89dd3943321", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "INTRODUCTION \n\n Reading and developing literary works resistively in Bali, which used to be \n\nreferred to as mabebasan, has been better known as pasantian since 1980s. \n\nMabebasan used to be the palace-oriented. According to Suarka (2007: 149), the \n\ntradition of mabebasan refers to a method of reading, reciting, translating, and \n\nanalyzing traditional texts in the forms of kakawin, geguritan, palawakya, and \n\nseloka. Those who used to be involved in mabebasan came from royal families, \n\nespecially those who belonged to triwangsa (higher castes) as well as those who \n\ncame from jaba (lower caste) who were highly talented in traditional literary \n\nworks. This gave impression that those who were involved in pasantian were \n\nexclusive and elites, meaning that the only particular elites who mastered \n\ntraditional texts (Rubinstein, 1992). \n\n However, in the next decades, along with the dynamism of social change \n\nand the growth of people\u2019s critical consciousness, pasantian has been \n\ndeveloping all over Bali. Many experts have viewed such a phenomenon as an \n\nera of reassurance for the Balinese classical literary works in Bali. The \n\nrenaissance of pasantian has been able to penetrate the space and time limits; it \n\nhas been able to dilute the partitions of ke-wangsa-an (matters pertaining to \n\ncastes) and ke-warna-an (matters pertaining to professions); in the globalization \n\nera it has acquired a space in which it can develop.  \n\n This phenomenon is marked by the fact that more and more people are \n\ngetting fond of being involved in the activity of pasantian all over Bali, which used \n\nto be almost neglected. As far as the development of the arts in Bali is \n\nconcerned, pasantian has never developed as it is now. Almost all the Hinduism-\n\nbased religious and traditional ceremonies in Bali are completed with pasantian. \n\n The renaissance of pasantian can be observed from the fact that more \n\nand more groups of pesantian \u2018sekaasanti\u2019 have been established. In Bali, almost \n\nevery traditional village or even banjar (the smallest traditional neighborhood \n\nunder a traditional village) has several groups of pasantian. Such groups are not \n\nonly found in the rural areas but also in urban areas. Moreover, many \n\ngovernment and private institutions have such groups.  \n\n Along with the dynamism of social change, mabebasan has been a \n\ndeveloping cultural tradition in society since 1980s.", "start_char_idx": 1915, "end_char_idx": 4335, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "45f152cf-8c03-4ba1-874e-23f3c7f89206": {"__data__": {"id_": "45f152cf-8c03-4ba1-874e-23f3c7f89206", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5439", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "359ecc6426574777feaa81eed2bae9568fae525fd01eac6b46cf0943e73aa330", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "07b3af11-6b11-4d05-933d-a091b6c99f88", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "be28ca36670a9268f57abbed5000fe3770931b181cec03a4605a8dfb1c8596ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b2aa1785-c008-40b2-bb4c-0c56e9ea6eef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ef53d0a222bf7b29bf91e290b4c138a6747d1ba785b78ac28389ad8c3b39d834", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD \n\n This study was conducted using qualitative method with the approach of \n\ncultural studies. The informants were purposively determined in accordance with \n\nthe objectives of the study. The techniques of observation, in-depth interview, \n\ndocumentation study, and library research were employed to collect the data. The \n\ndata collected in the study were qualitative data as well as quantitative data. The \n\nprimary data were obtained from informants whom were directly recorded, and \n\nthe secondary data were obtained from documents. The data were analyzed \n\ndescriptively, qualitatively, and interpretatively through data reduction, data \n\npresentation, and intact conclusion drawing. The theory of deconstruction, the \n\ntheory of practice, the theory of aesthetics, the theory of post-modernism, and the \n\ntheory of hegemony were used to answer the problems stated above. \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\n Culturally, pasantian strengthens cultural endurance, resurrects the \n\ntraditional Balinese literary works, and secularizes itself. Socially, it strengthens \n\nthe Balinese identity, revitalizes social capital, and encourages activities. In \n\naddition, it strengthens the potential the artists have to show off themselves. \n\nEconomically, it can increase the income of those whose profession is making \n\ngamelan (traditional music instruments). In addition, it is also a new source of \n\npeople\u2019s income.  \n\n Pasantian in the globalization in Bali can be explained as follows. First, its \n\nrenaissance can be categorized into three periods. (1) The initial renaissance \n\nwhich took place from 1979 to 1990 in the forms of the establishment of \n\nLembagaWidyasaba, marked by mabebasan, makuding; Bali Arts Festival \n\n\u2018PestaKesenian Bali\u2019 (PKB) marked by sandyagita (gegitaan), arjanegak, and \n\ntamanpenasar; Utsawa Dharma Gita marked by competitions in nyastra; (2) the \n\nsecond renaissance which took place from 1991 to 1998 marked by interactive \n\ngegitaan, mageguritan referred to as DagangGantal; (3) the peak renaissance \n\nwhich took place from 1999 to 2010s, marked by interactive kidung, gegirang, \n\ngita shanti, tembangguntang, mageguritan. \n\n The factors which contributed to the renaissance of pasantian in Bali in \n\nthe globalization era were the tradition of nyastra, competitive culture (jengah), \n\nbeing motivated to be creative. Technological factors such as computer", "start_char_idx": 4344, "end_char_idx": 6745, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b2aa1785-c008-40b2-bb4c-0c56e9ea6eef": {"__data__": {"id_": "b2aa1785-c008-40b2-bb4c-0c56e9ea6eef", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5439", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "359ecc6426574777feaa81eed2bae9568fae525fd01eac6b46cf0943e73aa330", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "45f152cf-8c03-4ba1-874e-23f3c7f89206", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "d900f4c0635d1ed384318dd38a198d77c740fc35454498b24f4b1e0c34d0c20b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8bcdd037-d8a2-47b2-b51a-58346e2973aa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "da946f17e2c7a53856c575c7e0eeb089162971671eb91de0994093bc32ad6ee7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "technology and electronic media as well as economic factors including the \n\ndevelopment of tourism economy, culture-based development in Bali, and politics \n\nof identity also contributed to it.  \n\n The renaissance of pasantian in Bali in the globalization era showed multi \n\nmeanings such as educational meaning, entertainment meaning, the meaning of \n\npolitics of image, the meaning of hypermorality, and the meaning of endurance of \n\nsocio-cultural values.  \n\n The findings of the study are as follows. (1) Pasantian has developed \n\nfrom recitation of passive literary works into performance of performative literary \n\nworks. In other words, pasantian which used to be used to support ritual activities \n\nis currently performed as an art activity leading to an aesthetic presentation. (2) \n\nPasantian has been one of alternative pillars to an educative system of complex \n\nlife values which include education of arts, education of aesthetics, education of \n\nmorality and philosophy. (3) Pasantian has shown a process of cultural cultivation \n\ndone by the agent of cultural reproduction. This can be observed from its variants \n\nsuch as gita shanty, which then led to the creations of arjanegak and \n\ndramatariarja (arja dance drama). (4) Although globalization has the potential of \n\nharming local cultures, the Balinese culture in general and pasantian in particular \n\nhave been able to endure. Moreover, the Balinese people have been able to \n\ndevelop aesthetic communication through global cultural signs such as radio, \n\ntelevision, and sophisticated communication technology, causing what is referred \n\nto as glocality to appear. In addition, such technologies have been able to \n\nencourage pasantian enthusiastically. On one hand, globalization has caused \n\ntransnationalization to take place; on the other hand, localilty and ethnicity have \n\nalso been developing. This condition is in line with what is stated by Robertson \n\n(in Baker, 2005: 158) that globalization at the same time also means localization. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\n The renaissance of pasantian in Bali in the globalization era has been a \n\nnew awareness of the Balinese people of using the new cultural signs such as \n\nTV, radio, and the like to build aesthetic communication, as far as the context of \n\ntraditionalization is concerned, in the era of modernism, and Balinization in the \n\nera of globalization. They have used pasantian as the root of the Balinese culture \n\nin the competition between localization and globalization to strengthen their", "start_char_idx": 6750, "end_char_idx": 9289, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8bcdd037-d8a2-47b2-b51a-58346e2973aa": {"__data__": {"id_": "8bcdd037-d8a2-47b2-b51a-58346e2973aa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5439", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "359ecc6426574777feaa81eed2bae9568fae525fd01eac6b46cf0943e73aa330", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b2aa1785-c008-40b2-bb4c-0c56e9ea6eef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "46cbcaa98b58c88cb6f56f7f2bfb45457cb58bfae18121d5e2c49c74cad30498", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "826ddcb0-422a-48d8-9c19-12aabcec1ffc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "592fc67cf7bcb10f1acff5478928e4f7370816bf1fd5e6b4d4ed899c67f3ad8c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Balinese identity. The deconstruction related to pasantianis a critical attitude \n\ntowards the existing order of pasantian to make it more dynamic, humanistic, \n\negalitarian and multicultural by reinterpreting, reorienting, and relocating it.  \n\n From the findings and conclusions described above, it can be suggested \n\nas follows. (1) The great values of pasantian should be implanted as early as \n\npossible as an attempt to improve internal quality and the \u201cfortification of defense\u201d \n\nof the people\u2019s global lives. In this case, the policy makers in the bureaucrat level \n\nand the leaders of the traditional villages should give more space and pay more \n\nattention to pasantian. (2) The government should evaluate the existence of \n\nWidyasabhaDharmaga, and establish organizations such as sanggar and \n\npasraman which can facilitate the children and young people who are talented in \n\npasantian so that it will become a continued activity.  \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\n Through this opportunity, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. I GdeParimartha, \n\nM.A., Prof. Dr.I WayanDibia, SST, M.A., and Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U. \n\n \nBIBLIOGRAPHY  \n\nBarker, Chris. 2005. Cultural Studies: TeoridanPraktik. Yogyakarta: Bentang.  \n\nFashri, Fauzi. 2007. PenyingkapanKuasaSimbol. Yogyakarta: JUXTAPOSE. \n\nNorris, Christopher. 2008. MembongkarTeoriDekonstruksi Jacques Derrida. \n\nYogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.  \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004. Postrealitas: RealitasKebudayaandalam Era \n\nPostmetafisika. Yogyakarta: Jala Sutra. \n\n-----.2004a.Dunia yang BerlariMencariTuhan-tuhan Digital. Jakarta: \n\nGramediaWidiaSarana Indonesia.  \n\nRubinstein, Raechelle. 1992. \u201cPepaosanCallengges and Change\u201d dalam Danker \n\nSchaareman (ed.) Balinese Music in Context. Frankfurt: Amadeus.  \n\nSuarka, I Nyoman. 2007. KidungTantriPisacarana. Denpasar: PustakaLarasan. \n\nSudirga, I Komang. 2013. \u201cKebangkitan \u2018Pasantian\u2019 di Era Globalisasi\u201d, \n\ndisertation, Program Doktor, ProgramStudiKajianBudaya, Program \n\nPascasarjana, UniversitasUdayana, Denpasar. \n\nTakwin, Bagus. 2009. Habitus x Modal +Ranah =Praktik:Pengantar Paling \n\nKomprehensifkepadaPemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.", "start_char_idx": 9294, "end_char_idx": 11450, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "826ddcb0-422a-48d8-9c19-12aabcec1ffc": {"__data__": {"id_": "826ddcb0-422a-48d8-9c19-12aabcec1ffc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5440", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "259dd856a9e47eeac4fc277388230ca342e81432259b4ff85ae6645db6779631", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8bcdd037-d8a2-47b2-b51a-58346e2973aa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5439", "author": "Sudirga, I Komang", "title": " \u201cPASANTIAN\u201dIN BALI AND ITS RENAISSANCE IN GLOBALIZATION ERA", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5439.pdf"}, "hash": "f07de3a49408aaef31ba155378364857c7ab8164f66a1cc7dd869e46cb2f8a05", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "20b328d8-26ae-42d7-9767-5b08bdf48601", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a78dbe311616822ba9a6d582f7c6055bc8cd9ab07cc7fb3be5126e1d7789b6b3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES  \n\nAND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR  \n\n \n\nI Wayan Winaja \nThe University of Hindu Indonesia Denpasar \n\nJalan Sangalangit, Tembau, Penatih, Denpasar \n\nw.winaja@yahoo.com \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n\n Learning should be focused on the social and cultural development of intellectual \n\nability, and encourage the learner\u2019s comprehension and knowledge in order to produce \n\nintelligent and educated society. From the data collected from Public Senior High School \n\n1 Denpasar and Dwijendra Senior High School Denpasar, it was found that the \n\ndepartments of social sciences and languages were seriously marginalized, indicated by \n\nthe time allocated for social sciences and languages. The time allocated for Natural \n\nSciences such as chemistry, physics, and biology averaged three hours a week. The \n\nadditional \u2018extra\u2019 time allocated for Natural Sciences made the overall time allocated for \n\nthem double the overall time allocated for Social Sciences such as economics, history \n\nsociology, and geography. Furthermore, the time allocated for one of them was one hour \n\na week. The knowledge presented by the books of Natural Sciences was highly \n\n\u201cinstrumentalist-positivistic\u201d; unlike the books of social sciences which only provided \n\nacademic normative information. The modernity contained in \u201cinstrumentative positivism\u201d \n\nwas the philosophy which gave more priority to practical things and hard work with \n\nfinancial success as the main criterion. It was concluded that the marginalization of the \n\ndepartments of social sciences and languages in Public Senior High School 1 Denpasar \n\nand Dwijendra Senior High School Denpasar resulted from modernism, the culture of \n\nimage, and the image that natural sciences were more advantageous than social \n\nsciences and languages.  \n\n \n\nKeywords: marginalization of social sciences and languages, senior high school, \n\neducation. \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n That the Indonesian educational institutions are weak has resulted from the fact \nthat they do not have any cultural development as the basis. They are only developed \n\nbased on economic libido model to produce workers which are already integrated in \n\naccordance with capitalistic economic values. The graduates of educational institutions \n\nbecome powerless job seekers (\u201cthey go to school to seek after jobs\u201d). They do not \n\nbecome creative employment creators, meaning that they do not contribute to the \n\nwelfare in the cycle of significances which should be the most essential in education and \n\nlearning process (Purwasasmita, 2002; Piliang, 2004; Suwati, 2008; Winaja, 2012). \n\n The capitalistic economic libido is a product of the \u201cidolization\u201d of the ratio of \n\nrunning after growth, as a consequence of the \u201cgreat narration\u201d of natural sciences. The \n\neducational institutions are also snared in the imperialistic great narration of natural \n\nsciences over social sciences and languages, as indicated by the departmental choice in \n\nsenior high school (Katu, 2002). \n\n This study was intended to explore the factors causing the departments of social \n\nsciences and languages to be marginalized in Public Senior High School 1 Denpasar \n\nand Dwijendra Senior High School Denpasar. In theory, it was expected that this study \n\nwould be beneficial to the development of sciences in general and educational science \n\nin particular, which is particularly related to the factors contributing to the marginalization \n\nof the departments of social sciences and languages in Public Senior High School 1 \n\nDenpasar and Dwijendra Senior High School Denpasar.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n This study was conducted using qualitative method with the perspective of \ncultural studies (Bennet, 1998). The informants were purposively determined and were \n\ndeveloped using snowball technique. The data were collected through in-depth \n\ninterview, documentation, and library research. The data used were qualitative data as \n\nwell as quantitative data. The primary data were obtained from the informants and \n\nthrough observation, and the secondary data were obtained from documents. The data \n\nwere descriptively, qualitatively, and interpretatively analyzed and the stages included \n\ndata reduction, data presentation, and final conclusion drawing.", "start_char_idx": 31, "end_char_idx": 4327, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "20b328d8-26ae-42d7-9767-5b08bdf48601": {"__data__": {"id_": "20b328d8-26ae-42d7-9767-5b08bdf48601", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5440", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "259dd856a9e47eeac4fc277388230ca342e81432259b4ff85ae6645db6779631", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "826ddcb0-422a-48d8-9c19-12aabcec1ffc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "4c4374f1ee0ea3148e734900d52cdec6cd99392b4a7ea18a28d88a49b41e3699", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b3d3f4ea-674e-4f0a-b9c8-a60e0cc2556a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bbac1d278cb79ada81489ea179b089cc8651d5f657944bfec43a769c9ec27244", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\n From the data collected from Public Senior High School 1 Denpasar and \nDwijendra Senior High School Denpasar, it was found that the departments of social \n\nsciences and languages were seriously marginalized. That was indicated by the time \n\nallocated for each lesson. The time allocated for natural sciences such as chemistry, \n\nphysics, and biology averaged three hours a week. The additional \u2018extra\u2019 time allocated \n\nfor natural sciences made the overall time allocated for natural sciences total four hours \n\na week, meaning that the overall time allocated for natural sciences doubled the time \n\nallocated for social sciences such as economics, history, sociology, and geography. The \n\ntime allocated for social sciences averaged two hours a week; even the time allocated \n\nfor one of them was one hour a week. The knowledge presented by the books of natural \n\nsciences was highly tendentious and encouraged \u201cinstrumentalist-positive\u201d modernism. \n\nUnlike the books of social sciences which only gave academic normative information. \n\nThe \u201cInstrumentative Positivism\u201d Modernity was the philosophy which gave more priority \n\nto practical things and hard work with financial success as the main criterion (Katu, \n\n2002; Winaja, 2012). \n\n In relation to that, the students and society made the natural sciences (the exact \n\nsciences) the standard of the highest truth. The followers of positivism assumed that the \n\npeak of the human knowledge was the positive sciences (the sciences which are based \n\non facts which are verified and closely measured). The appearance of positivism could \n\nnot be separated from the cultural climate which allowed a movement to develop to \n\napply the way in which sciences worked in every human activity. Such a cultural climate \n\nresulted from the Industrial Revolution in England in the 18th century which led to the \n\noptimism that human beings would made progress based on the success obtained by \n\nthe industrial revolution itself. Moreover, positivism avoided philosophy from its \n\nspeculative work, that is, to search for ontological essences or metaphases which had \n\nbeen undertaken for thousands of years.   \n\n According to positivism, philosophy did not have anything to do except finding out \n\nthe general principles which were similar to all sciences and using such principles for \n\ndirecting human behavior and as the basis for organizing people\u2019s social behavior. In \n\nthis context, positivism believed that people would make progress if they appreciated \n\nsciences and technology. In other words, positivism highly appreciated the position of \n\nsciences and was optimistic that it could play its social role in making human beings", "start_char_idx": 4339, "end_char_idx": 7044, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b3d3f4ea-674e-4f0a-b9c8-a60e0cc2556a": {"__data__": {"id_": "b3d3f4ea-674e-4f0a-b9c8-a60e0cc2556a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5440", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "259dd856a9e47eeac4fc277388230ca342e81432259b4ff85ae6645db6779631", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "20b328d8-26ae-42d7-9767-5b08bdf48601", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "76f0055ca27ac61009db1de395a49a309ad7f15d7a38fa4799c58b1a9dc37ffc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cd291a6e-3d17-4299-9a93-55fe65248d98", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4c198f9f025130c3286b80a0887130fc3b90bf72382f423cea453e57869f7898", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "welfare. It was stated that positivism was a dogmatic religion as it had institutionalized its \n\nglobal view as a doctrine for sciences (Adrian, 2006; Baudrillard, 2004). \n\n It is in this stage of scientific-positive life that economic life became the center of \n\nattention and the society was led and organized by a group of elite scientists who were \n\nresponsible for organizing the society rationally. Thus, in this context of the study, why \n\nthe students of senior high school tended to prefer the departments of natural sciences \n\nto the departments of social sciences and languages. If referring to the Comte\u2019s view \n\nconcerning the three stages of the development of human thought, it seemed that the \n\nsociety was already in the third stage, that is, in the positive-scientific stage. This led to \n\nthe fact that everything currently done by people was more influenced by the rational, \n\nobjective pattern of thinking; even this was always supported by tangible data (Barker, \n\n2008). \n\n In this context of the present study, the asymmetric justifying relation or the \n\ndomination justifying relation which was intended was the domination of the natural \n\nsciences over the social sciences and languages. Most of the students and parents \n\nwhom were interviewed stated that they preferred the departments of natural sciences \n\nfor the reason that they were believed to give a better future. They also stated that the \n\ndepartment of natural sciences was more prestigious and prospective than the \n\ndepartments of social sciences and languages. This indicated that the fact that natural \n\nsciences were much more glorious than social sciences and languages had widely \n\ncontrolled the people\u2019s cognitive structure. \n\n Such a condition led to what was stated by George Ritzer (2002: 2) concerning a \n\nwide scope of paradigm referred to as McDonallization, namely, as \u201c\u2026\u2026 a process in \n\nwhich various principles of fast-food restaurants were applied to dominate more sectors \n\nof life in America and the other parts of the world\u201d. With reference to what was stated by \n\nRitzer, it could be observed that the McDonalized life did not only affect restaurant \n\nbusiness but also employment, health care, journey, politics, family, and education as \n\nwell.  \n\n When education was contaminated by the paradigm of McDonalization, then in \n\nthe transformational process the sciences learned by the Senior High School students \n\ncould be affected by the McDonald principles, namely, everything should be instant, and \n\nthe result should be instantly achieved without paying attention to the aspect of the \n\nquality of the result achieved. Such a paradigm could also affect the way of thinking of \n\nthe students and people in defining sciences. What is meant is that the natural sciences", "start_char_idx": 7049, "end_char_idx": 9833, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cd291a6e-3d17-4299-9a93-55fe65248d98": {"__data__": {"id_": "cd291a6e-3d17-4299-9a93-55fe65248d98", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5440", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "259dd856a9e47eeac4fc277388230ca342e81432259b4ff85ae6645db6779631", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b3d3f4ea-674e-4f0a-b9c8-a60e0cc2556a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "7a1485a7f84fa581dbd4b4bf6f7ef1531d81c2645ceefccde29f961fec8bea33", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "036d1ca4-72e2-40a5-8ea9-80ae512fa579", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "707da02441023a02033862f98d70b5fc12bd01ad06e3d81a058aafab2daeba98", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "were regarded as being able to escort the students to the world of employment, and \n\nrepresenting the symbols of modernism in which the students would be interested in. On \n\nthe other hand, the social sciences and languages which were far less represented \n\ntended to be left behind by the students. It is this which was responsible for the fact that \n\nmore students would be interested in the department of natural sciences and that less \n\nstudents would be interested in the departments of social sciences and languages. \n\n \nCONCLUSIONS     \n Modernism, as the hidden ideology of the government, is consciously and \nunconsciously followed by the schools and stakeholders as far as the departmental \n\nchoice in senior high school is concerned. This phenomenon could be seen from that \n\nfact that more time is allocated for natural sciences; as a result, the dichotomy between \n\nthe department of natural sciences and the departments of social sciences and \n\nlanguages could not be avoided. Mastering natural sciences means having more \n\nopportunities and a better future. This is strengthened by the fact that natural sciences \n\nand mathematics contribute to technology. There is an image that those who master the \n\nmaterials provided in natural sciences are those who are clever, intelligent and rational, \n\nand have a bright future. Consequently, a school finally becomes a symbol of status. \n\nThe followers of positivism assume that the peak of sciences is the positive or natural \n\nsciences. It is believed that people will make progress if they appreciate sciences and \n\ntechnology. This is expressed in the form of an admiration \u201cconsuming technology\u201d \n\n(Adrian, 2006). The doctrine is that all sciences should be under the instrumentalist and \n\npositivistic paradigm. This has been established in all the cognitive structures of the \n\nsociety and government. \n\n It is suggested to the educational regulator that the binary opposition in education \n\nin general and in the development of sciences in general should be temporarily stopped \n\nand postponed. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \n\n Thank God (Ida Hyang Widhi Wasa) that it is His asung waranugraha which \n\nenabled this dissertation to be completed in time. The writer recognizes that this study \n\ncould have been completed without support, motivation, direction, and encouragement \n\nprovided by the supervisor and two co-supervisors at the Doctorate Program of Cultural \n\nStudies of Udayana University such as Prof. Dr. Nengah Bawa Atmadja, M.A., Prof. Dr. I", "start_char_idx": 9838, "end_char_idx": 12351, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "036d1ca4-72e2-40a5-8ea9-80ae512fa579": {"__data__": {"id_": "036d1ca4-72e2-40a5-8ea9-80ae512fa579", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5440", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "259dd856a9e47eeac4fc277388230ca342e81432259b4ff85ae6645db6779631", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cd291a6e-3d17-4299-9a93-55fe65248d98", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "5f968d7946ed9e9d47e86b289badb7a0dbdcee3b91c07edf5c1790d8eba1f6a4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c8e49caf-d1ee-4df0-9cf2-9946783ec168", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2cf70540e8d9e7de87dbfc02c5c21562872a6d3ff1e510456e204fb148a5457c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Wayan Ardika, M.A., and Prof. I Made Suastika, S.U. and the senior high school \n\nstudents, teachers and headmasters of Public Senior High School 1 Denpasar and \n\nDwijendra Senior High School Denpasar, the officials of the Department of Education, \n\nYouth and Sports of Denpasar City. The writer would like to thank and highly appreciate \n\nthem. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nAdrian, Dony Gahral. 2006. Percik Pemikiran Kontemporer Sebuah Pengantar \n\nKomprehensif. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2008. Cultural Studies Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nBaudrillard, Jean. 2004. Masyarakat Konsumsi. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nBennet, T. 1988. Cultural: A Reformer\u2019s Science. St Leonard, NSW: Allen & Unwin. \n\nKatu, Nggandi. 2002. \u201cPendidikan dalam Masyarakat Modern\u201d dalam Johanes Mardimin \n\n(Ed). 2002. Jangan Tangisi Tradisi, Transformasi Budaya menuju Masyarakat \n\nIndonesia Modern. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004. Dunia yang Dilipat, Tamasya Melampaui Batas-Batas \n\nKebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nPurwasasmita, M. 2002. Kajian Fenomenologi Nilai. Bandung: Alfabeta. \n\nRitzer, George. 2008. Teori Sosial Postmodern. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nSuwati. 2008. Sekolah Bukan untuk Mencari Pekerjaan. Jakarta: Pustaka Grafia. \n\nWinaja, I Wayan. 2012. \u201cMarginalisasi Jurusan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Bahasa \n\npada Sekolah Menengah Atas: Studi Kasus di SMA Negeri 1 dan SMA Dwijendra \n\nDenpasar\u201d, disertation, Program Doktor, Program Studi Kajian Budaya, Program \n\nPascasarjana, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar.", "start_char_idx": 12356, "end_char_idx": 13906, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c8e49caf-d1ee-4df0-9cf2-9946783ec168": {"__data__": {"id_": "c8e49caf-d1ee-4df0-9cf2-9946783ec168", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5441", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "9bc0509dbbfe7e5aa0e61a10cdeea8fb73a8b597c050252f88599ed787bd2723", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "036d1ca4-72e2-40a5-8ea9-80ae512fa579", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5440", "author": "Winaja, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LANGUAGES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN DENPASAR", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5440.pdf"}, "hash": "68334a70447d65aaef59e63c90e2c4865fd7b222d4d762a0d8edf5c706b8003c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "50cd7e3d-41e6-4e99-9795-0c6bf08eb5cd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d83a96bf5b4c032aa6547fb53bfbafda2d52bf9a0d5fee0a59b0bfd7686d7f15", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "1 \n \n\nNATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE \n\nOF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY \n \n\nMade KertaAdhi \nSaraswati Education and Teachers\u2019 Training College Tabanan \n\nJalanPahlawan No. 2 Tabanan \n\nkerta_adhi@yahoo.co.id \n\n \n\nABSTRACT \n\nThis study aims at identifying the factors contributing to why the policy on \n\nnational examination is given priority, how the policy on national examination is \n\npresented in the system of educational management, its implication \n\nandrepresentation in the system of educational management applied in Senior High \n\nSchool in Tabanan. \n\n The critical theories such as the theory of hegemony, the theory of social \n\npractice and the theory of management in the perspective of critical pedagogy were \n\neclectically used in the present study. Qualitative method using the approach of \n\ncultural studies was employed. The data were collected using participatory \n\nobservation, in-depth interview and documentation study. The data were validated \n\nusing triangulation method and descriptive-qualitative technique. \n\n The result of the study showed that the factors contributing to why the policy \n\non national examination was given priority were educational politics and state policy, \n\nsocio-cultural and global influence. The policy on national examination was \n\nrepresented in the school and class management by the agents within and outside \n\nschool. The implication was that there was such a coalition among the agents that all \n\nthe students would pass the national examination. The process of how the national \n\nexamination was undertaken and the result which appeared to be good (all the \n\nstudents passed turned out to be hyperreality. Therefore, it was necessary to \n\nreconstruct the national education.  \n\n \n\nKeywords: national examination, educational politics, state policy, critical pedagogy. \n\n\n\n2 \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n In 1945 Constitution and its amendment, it is stated that education is one of \n\nhuman rights. As a cultural practice, State, through the developmental program it \n\nundertakes, should be responsible for education. In fact, the quality of education in \n\nIndonesia is relatively low. The result of the research conducted by the United \n\nNations for Development Program (UNDP) in 2004 and 2005 showed that, out of 117 \n\ncountries, Indonesia was the 111th in regard to education. In 2005 it was reported \n\nthat, among 177 countries, Indonesia was the 117th, and in 2012 it was reported that \n\nit was the 124th among 187 countries in regard to the achievement of the Human \n\nDevelopment Index which included health, economy and education as the indicators \n\n(Ramzah, 2005; 61; Chan,2010: 41; http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/trends/)  \n\n As an attempt to improve the quality of education, the dominant structure \n\n(State) issues policies such as 20% of the National Budget/the Regional Budget is \n\nallocated for education and national examination is conducted. To give space and \n\nlegality for the national examination, those which belong to the dominant structure \n\nsuch as the executive, legislative, and judicative bodies collaborate. The regulations \n\nsuch as the Act No. 20 Year 2003 concerning national education and the \n\nGovernment Act No. 19 Year 2005 concerning the standard of national education \n\nwere issued. The national education was established to have the image of being the \n\nbest method in standardizing the quality of national education. In Kompas (14 May \n\n2007, p. 12), it was stated that the national examination could be used as means of \n\nimproving the quality of education, and in the Bali Post (23 March 2010, p. 7) it was \n\nstated by Vice President, Boediono, that the national education was intended to \n\nimprove the standard of education. \n\n The national education had been undertaken since 2005 and the result was \n\nassumed to be surprising for the reason that the number of students who could pass \n\nthe national education kept going up nationally, and it was reported that more than \n\n90% of students passed. The result obtained from the national examination was an \n\nindicator of the quality of education, and it was the peak of achievement. However, if \n\nviewed from the critical pedagogy, there were hidden missions. It was predicted that \n\nthose who were involved in conducting the national examination were not neutral;", "start_char_idx": 31, "end_char_idx": 4319, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "50cd7e3d-41e6-4e99-9795-0c6bf08eb5cd": {"__data__": {"id_": "50cd7e3d-41e6-4e99-9795-0c6bf08eb5cd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5441", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "9bc0509dbbfe7e5aa0e61a10cdeea8fb73a8b597c050252f88599ed787bd2723", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c8e49caf-d1ee-4df0-9cf2-9946783ec168", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "c59203e9dcf2da1e3d9f6f71e4c0acc2009666a802c5cee88aeb4fd7d62fd607", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "12f7a9e8-28f4-43ac-8f33-1ae3d2d1f969", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b35f87e24b76520c04bef1c5064e9911a33dc46d2fb1f80e85248f81a81c45a6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3 \n \n\nthey had particular interests and ideologies; they served particular power; as result, \n\nthere were several parties which were marginalized. Therefore, it was interesting to \n\nbe explored from the perspective of cultural studies.  \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\n The national examination, in its implementation, involved all structures \n\nstarting from the central government to the regional government especially \n\nschools.Bureaucratically, schools which are under the ministry of education and \n\nculture are dominated in such a way that they should implement the policy on the \n\nnational examination as the product of the dominant structure. There is a strong \n\nhierarchical structural pressure from the dominant structure. \n\n The available related texts (the Act of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 Year \n\n2003 concerning the System of National Education and the Governmental \n\nRegulation No. 19 Year 2005 concerning the Standard of Educational Education) \n\nindicate that there is a process of hegemony of the dominant structure over the \n\nstructures below it such as the schools/students. State, with its cultural dualism, can \n\nestablish binary opposition in the national examination such as passing it or failing to \n\npass it. The agents that are involved in the national examination label the passing \n\nposition good and failing position bad; as a result, the latter is marginalized. Such a \n\ncondition causes the agents to seek after the passing position as a marker of \n\nachievement and prestige, denotatively and connotatively.  \n\n With reference to what is stated by Bourdieu (in Fashri, 2007: 83; Harker, \n\n2009: 13), a school is a social arena where various agents perform their social \n\nactivities in such a way that all students will pass the national examination.In \n\nperforming the social activities or the social practices, there is dialectic between the \n\nagents and the structure both within and outside the school. The target of the actors \n\nis that all the students can pass the national examination. Such a habit has been a \n\nroutine and keeps going on; as a result what is referred to as habitus has taken \n\nplace. Ideologies, capitals, and power play such roles that the target that all the \n\nstudents can pass can be achieved. The actors can play their roles within and \n\noutside the school involving the provincial/regency governments, the board of", "start_char_idx": 4324, "end_char_idx": 6703, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "12f7a9e8-28f4-43ac-8f33-1ae3d2d1f969": {"__data__": {"id_": "12f7a9e8-28f4-43ac-8f33-1ae3d2d1f969", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5441", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "9bc0509dbbfe7e5aa0e61a10cdeea8fb73a8b597c050252f88599ed787bd2723", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "50cd7e3d-41e6-4e99-9795-0c6bf08eb5cd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "f4fadc14a20afb8316050de1ab78e81559f8e7f12c5a21fbdd9fb87397cd1486", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "efe8249d-b2ce-4c53-a841-6318cbce79f7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a7977d8e9a09aca4429d414d822df1e3f07a5692f5a88aff1c6735d504f890d6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "4 \n \n\neducation, and the other stakeholders. Giddens (2009) state that, as a structural \n\nduality, the agents and the structure depend on one another. \n\n All the structures play their roles to achieve the target that all the students \n\ncan pass the national examination, which then give a good image to the agents. The \n\nbad result of the national examination may give bad impact on their prestige and \n\nprospect. They are mentally supposed to keep the achievement that all the students \n\nshould always pass the national examination; even the students are extremely \n\nscared that they cannot pass the national examination. \n\n The national examination as a text of the best method has turned out to be \n\nbiased. Although the national examination is seen to be safe and smooth on the \n\nsurface, it hides the practices which deviate from its slogan and POS. The slogan \n\npropagandized by the dominant structure \u201cachievement is yes, but being honest is a \n\nmust\u201d is only a discourse. The structures involved in the national examination give \n\npriority to achievement instead of honesty. They do their best so that all the students \n\ncan pass the national examination. They are scared that the students will fail, as the \n\ntext is already established. The national examination is symbolized using marks. All \n\ndo their best to achieve high marks, showing that they are successful; however, \n\nhonesty is sacrificed. Being honest in implementing the national examination is not \n\nsurprising; passing it and becoming the best in it are surprising. \n\n The massive cheating is like the peak of an ice mount. Being scared about \n\nfailing to pass the national examination, the students do what they can so that they \n\nall can pass.What they do is far from being good. The national examination should \n\nbe used as a means of forming the students\u2019 character; however, the opposite has \n\ntaken place. Culturally, achievement is everything; as a result, conscience is \n\nneglected. More deviations take place in the class room. \n\n The texts produced by the dominant structure for the determining for the \n\npassing grade for the students have turned out to be inconsistent and contradictive; \n\nthis tend to lead to discrimination, unfairness and marginalization. Therefore, it is \n\nnecessary to deconstruct such texts. Deconstruction does not only mean \n\ndeconstructingthe ideologies which support the national examination practice but \n\nalso the ideology of the binary opposition in which one thing is put on the top and", "start_char_idx": 6708, "end_char_idx": 9211, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "efe8249d-b2ce-4c53-a841-6318cbce79f7": {"__data__": {"id_": "efe8249d-b2ce-4c53-a841-6318cbce79f7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5441", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "9bc0509dbbfe7e5aa0e61a10cdeea8fb73a8b597c050252f88599ed787bd2723", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "12f7a9e8-28f4-43ac-8f33-1ae3d2d1f969", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "e4f734cc5c444654248b15822c5e30f2227841e402f8b72216024c058fbd2d73", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8b610735-c7e1-40e8-a2b8-256eae6f82b7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a940f3c1bbb3c8fe664e1b156ab958b10c74a58be6e83f8eb107046950cbb2fb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "5 \n \n\nothers are marginalized, meaning that the center dominates the marginalized which \n\nthen causes violence with its various forms to take place. \n\n Before the standard of the national education as stipulated in the \n\nGovernment Regulation No. 19/2005 can be fulfilled, it will be better that the result \n\nobtained from the national examination will not be used to determine the passing \n\ngrade for the students; it will be better if it is used to map the national quality of \n\neducation. It is necessary to deconstruct the national examination which is used to \n\ndetermine the passing grade for the students. Whether the students will pass or not \n\nis left for the schools to decide.The national examination which only tests the \n\nstudents\u2019 cognitive ability using objective test needs to be reconstructed by \n\ncombining the objective test and essay test or portfolio in the cognitive, affective, and \n\npsychomotoric domains. The national examination, as a process of evaluation or an \n\nintegral part of the educational and learning process should give freedom to the \n\nstudents as the subject to choose what subjects to be nationally examined.  \n\n The ministry of education and culture and the schools under it should make \n\nhonesty part of culture. It is common that some students fail in the national \n\nexamination which is not necessarily tabooed. As a baby that has just learned to \n\nwalk, falling cannot be avoided. Honesty is something which is so sweet; however, it \n\nwill have the risk of being bitter, if someone fails. Those who have been committed to \n\nbeing honest should be prepared to welcome welfare (Quote, 2011). \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS  \n\n The national examination, which has the image of becoming the best method \n\nfor determining the national quality of education, has led to a collective practice \n\n(structural duality) to make it successful. Such a practice quantitatively shows a \n\nsignificant result, indicating that the quality of education has improved. However, \n\nviewed from the critical pedagogy, in such a success there are hidden missions, \n\nideologies, capitals, and interests in serving the ruler by marginalizing others such as \n\nthe students\u2019 uniqueness, non-examination subjects, honesty, and process. \n\nTherefore, it is necessary to deconstruct such a text to make the marginalized more \n\nparticipative.", "start_char_idx": 9216, "end_char_idx": 11570, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8b610735-c7e1-40e8-a2b8-256eae6f82b7": {"__data__": {"id_": "8b610735-c7e1-40e8-a2b8-256eae6f82b7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-5441", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "9bc0509dbbfe7e5aa0e61a10cdeea8fb73a8b597c050252f88599ed787bd2723", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "efe8249d-b2ce-4c53-a841-6318cbce79f7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "b44b933dfbfe1f673ddcf7a8f922c3256f99a5368037e6e82a7e9f45a3795576", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cc270a02-19d8-4d43-b594-ca019259c6fd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2c64b5abdf467785e81182946ad84a0c9840b97c75dc3304d5cddf072e18b8f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "6 \n \n\n It is suggested that the national examination should be undertaken based on \n\nits mandate and slogan after the Government Regulation No. 19/2005 can be equally \n\nand fairly implemented. The national examination should equalize the cognitive, \n\naffective and psychomotoric aspects and the values of honesty of the students and \n\nagents involved in it. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \n\n In this opportunity, the writer would like to thank all the parties that have \n\ncontributed to the completion of this study, especially Prof. Dr. \n\nNengahBawaAtmadja, MA, Prof. Dr. I GdeParimartha, MA and Prof. Dr. I Made \n\nSuastika, SU. \n\n \n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \n\nBali Post.\u201cWapres: Tujuan UN UntukMeningkatkanStandarPendidikan\u201d, 23 Maret \n\n2010.hlm 7. \n\nChan, Sam M danTuti T Sam. 2010.Analisis SWOT: KebijakanPendidikan \n\nEraOtonomi Daerah. Jakarta: Raja GrafindoPersada. \n\nFashri, Fauzi. 2007. PenyingkapanKuasaSimbol: ApropriasiReflektifPemikiranPierre \n\nBourdieu. Yogyakarta: Juxtapose. \n\nGiddens, Anthony. 2009. ProblematikaUtamadalamTeoriSosial: Aksi, \n\nStruktur,danKontradiksiDalamAnalisisSosial. Yogyakarta:PustakaPelajar. \n\nHarker, Richard dkk.(Editor). 2009. (Habitus x Modal) + Ranah = Praktik: Penga tar \n\nPaling KomprehensifKepadaPemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. \n\nYogyakarta:Jalasutra. \n\nKertaAdi, Made. 2012. \n\n\u201cPengutamaanUjianNasionaldanRepresentasinyapadaSistemManajemen di \n\nSekolahMengahAtasTabanan: StudiKasus di SMA Duta PelangiTabanandan \n\nSMA PahlawanTabanan\u201d, disertasi, Program Doktor, Program \n\nStudiKajianBudaya, Program PascasarjanaUniversitasUdayana, Denpasar. \n\nKompas, \u201cUN danPeningkatanMutuPendidikan\u201d.14 Mei 2007.hlm. 12.  \n\n\n\n7 \n \n\nRamzah, Zamaahsari. 2005. \u201cKetikaPendidikanMenjadiBarangLangka\u201d \n\ndalamGerbangEdisi 12 Tahun IV: 60-62.", "start_char_idx": 11576, "end_char_idx": 13319, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cc270a02-19d8-4d43-b594-ca019259c6fd": {"__data__": {"id_": "cc270a02-19d8-4d43-b594-ca019259c6fd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "e892dbb0b2f14e64a61b885a21dc2a6975f1eb40cb10716ccd9dbc335bcba0f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8b610735-c7e1-40e8-a2b8-256eae6f82b7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-5441", "author": "Kerta Adhi, Made", "title": " NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY", "date": "2013-02-18", "file": "ecs-5441.pdf"}, "hash": "7cbf94677eb2a1d2c1b35db9a4e92b0ba6dad80043747f32376db53fa9d0827f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b12b5bbd-ad23-4490-bc3b-036ff1a57f2a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "db320e9a4f824b1b4240789fbd42ec055e6c6476041fe559278abbc734236ef2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Redana final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \nRECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF \n\nTHE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI   \n \n\nMade Redana1, Anak Agung Bagus Wirawan2 \n\nI Gde Parimartha3, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara4 \n \n\n1The Hindu Dharma Institute of Denpasar,,2,3,4Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, \nUdayana University \n\n \nemail: 1redana@gmail.com, 2baguswirawan@yahoo.com, 3s2kjbdyunud@yahoo.com, \n\n4anom_kumbara@unud.ac.id \n  \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 05-03-2019 \nAccepted Date : 12-04-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2019 \n\n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n\nThe reconstruction of Hindu Pandita in Bali marked a polarization of Hindu Pandita set in the \ndifference of the clan (Soroh) and the belief system needs to be examined more deeply. The \nfact shows that there are still many Hindus who think that the Hindu Pandita belong to the \nBrahmin clan. This gap can be a stimulant misintensity against the issue of the Kapanditan \nand the condition to construct \"Homo hierarchicus versus Homo ecqualis are engaged in Bali \nin war without End\". The research aims to (1) understand the foundations of the thinking of \nthe reconstruction of the Hindu Pandita (RPH) in the dynamics between Tri-Sadhaka and the \nunconscious Chi Wildlife Station in the Balinese people, (2) understand the driving factors of \nHindu's pandy reconstruction in Bali in The dynamics between Tri-Sadhaka \u2013 Sarwa \nSadhaka, and (3) analyzing the implications of Balinese Hindu's impartiation. This research \nuses a mix method with the priority of using qualitative methods, which are supported by \nquantitative methods with value inventory techniques. The theory used as a foundation is the \ntheory of power relations, structuration, deconstruction. The results of this study pertain to \nthree things; First, reconstruction of the fundamentals of Hindu Pandita Thinking in the \ndynamics between Trisadaka and Chi Wildlife Station Sadaka is the efforts of the description \nof attitudes and personalities, value-conscious competence, and integrality. In the sense of \nthe Hindu Pandita, which is personally integral, intact, and that is considered sacred, glorious, \nsince he was in prayer beads spiritually through the process of diksa. Secondly, the impetus \nfactors of Hindu reconstruction in the dynamics between Tri-saddleted and a Godly Chi \nwildlife station in Balinese people concerning historical and geneological dimensions, \nincreased knowledge and chastity factors as a mode of adaptation to Pandita, a social \nmovement in the competition's status, and ideas for movement change. Thirdly, the \nimplications in the dynamics of competition between Trisadaka and Sarwasadaka are \nconcerned with the ideological, social and economic pragmatism and importance of power.  \n\n \nKeywords: the reconstruction of Hindu priest, the dynamics, tri and sarwa sadhaka, economic \npragmatism and power", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3212, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b12b5bbd-ad23-4490-bc3b-036ff1a57f2a": {"__data__": {"id_": "b12b5bbd-ad23-4490-bc3b-036ff1a57f2a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "e892dbb0b2f14e64a61b885a21dc2a6975f1eb40cb10716ccd9dbc335bcba0f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cc270a02-19d8-4d43-b594-ca019259c6fd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "2bca93f73f6efcb39bc4c2d74fe2e39f31d892ab11938cf864ee93dec551be8d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ef4f0277-c5cf-4315-8fc0-ed00ba44648e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9c01af24574b0300e5f3f9f26225b6e0ae2bbbb917d153b5609bd3e235d2565a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nPolarizing Hindu Pandita in its various terminologology as a cultural construction in \n\ndetermining the religious leadership, authority, and social structures of Hindu society in Bali. \n\nThe concept of a ritual leadership that is deemed to have a glorious, sacred and honorable \n\nposition is constructed into various terms Pandita with subclassifications such as Pedanda \n\nSiwa, Pedanda Buddha, and Rsi Bhujangga (Tri Sadhaka). All three are thought to have a \n\nstanding and a level authority with the distribution of authority and different responsibilities in \n\nthe Rite. Construction of the Hindu Pandita in the form of Tri Sadhaka as a manifestation of \n\ndistinction and distinction of the Hindu Pandita triggered the social status contestation, and \n\nput a certain group outside Tri Sadhaka in subordinative and marginal position. This condition, \n\nstimuled agents of change placed in the inferior position to respond to the imbalance of social \n\npositions by reconstructing the new concept of becoming a Sadhaka Chi wildlife station with \n\na dimension of equality and balance that Based on mutual respect among the citizens.  \n\nResistance to the group that builds domination and hegemony raises the antaginists and \n\nconflicts between different groups of the clan, contributing against certain groups to achieve \n\nthe same objectives. In this case, Pandita from the Soroh group placed on the marginal \n\nposition claimed to have the same authority in the social system and religious system, and \n\nthe claim of status and claim of the truth potentially pose a world construction-based conflict \n\nSocial level. Such a condition, by Hildred and Clifford Geertz (1975:167) is stated as \"Homo \n\nhierarchicus versus Homo ecqualis are engaged in Bali in war without End\". \n\nThe emergence of various Hindu Pandita with various settings of the group (Soroh), \n\nand the belief system that encourages its birth, does not escape the various gaps between \n\nexpectations and the reality that exist. On the one hand, some adhered to caste ideology thus \n\nencouraging the emergence of certain Pandita hegemony, and on the other side there were \n\nadhering to the Varna ideology which was precisely opposed to (deconstructed) the social \n\nestablishment which was built based on the caste ideology.  \n\nBased on the background of the problem above there are three problems of research \n\nunderlying problem namely; (1) How are the foundations of the Hindu Pandita's reconstruction \n\nthinking in the Balinese are seen from the perspective of constructivism?, (2) What factors \n\nhave been the impetus of Hindu Pandita in the dynamics of the inter-tri-unconscious and Chi \n\nwildlife Station of the Balinese people?, (3) What are the meanings and implications of the", "start_char_idx": 3217, "end_char_idx": 6276, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ef4f0277-c5cf-4315-8fc0-ed00ba44648e": {"__data__": {"id_": "ef4f0277-c5cf-4315-8fc0-ed00ba44648e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "e892dbb0b2f14e64a61b885a21dc2a6975f1eb40cb10716ccd9dbc335bcba0f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b12b5bbd-ad23-4490-bc3b-036ff1a57f2a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "446e4af52b623feea20f0591f697f7bed4de1c1d2797e40a45463fdd4955cd35", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5301e58e-f9b6-4973-bf2b-3c67ac87706b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3637c68d484b2bc9dee61f2c9925d4e11dba6a782eeded82bc2de7b5f49de9e9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nreconstruction of the Hindu Pandita in the dynamics of inter-tri-Sadhaka and Chi Wildlife \n\nStation Sadhaka in Balinese society? \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS  \n\nThis research uses browser method of design mix method with the priority of using \n\nqualitative method, which is supported by quantitative method with value inventory technique \n\nthat has been collected through systematic questions. The first step is to collect both primary \n\nand secondary data collection. The second stage, choosing the theory to review the data. \n\nThe third stage, analyzes and interprets the selected data. The fourth stage, doing the writing \n\nand construction of all the research results. To achieve these objectives used power relations \n\ntheory, structural theory, hegemony theory, construction theory and deconstruction theory.  \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\n1. The fundamentals of the Hindu Pandita reconstruction thought in Balinese society \n\nReconstruction of the foundations of Hindu pandas in the dynamics between Tri-\n\nsaddled and Godly Chi Wildlife Station in the Balinese community can be examined in more \n\ndepth from the parameters aspects of RPH, the context of contextual reconstruction and \n\nreconstruction, and the reconstruction of the commissal through the description of attitudes \n\nand personality, the reconstruction of personal qualifications, value-conscious competence, \n\nand attitude. The personal perspective emphasizes the meaning of the ' unity of the personal \n\n' of the Hindu Pandita, namely according to \"The nature of the Hindu Pandita is a private \n\nintegral, intact, and that is considered sacred, noble, with all its uniqueness (talents, abilities, \n\ncharacter, interests, needs, and so on) all of it is the highest gift from Hyang Widhi bestowed \n\nto Pandita Hindu since he was born physically and then born spiritually through the process \n\nof diksa.  \n\nNew findings in this study: first, the encouragement to change the ideology of the \n\nKapanditan from Tri Sadhaka towards Sarwa Sadhaka indicates a strong current that can be \n\nproved through quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitatively, the frequency distribution \n\nDiagram of the inventory category of the values of Hindu Pandita reconstruction category \n\ndistribution Diagram of inventory categories pusher of Hindu Pandita reconstruction, score \n\nData and category pusher values Hindu Pandita reconstruction, statistical Data change \n\nvalues from Tri Sadhaka towards Sarwa Sadhaka, frequency distribution category values \n\nchange from Tri Sadhaka to Sarwa Sadhaka, Pearson correlation between inventories The", "start_char_idx": 6281, "end_char_idx": 9166, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5301e58e-f9b6-4973-bf2b-3c67ac87706b": {"__data__": {"id_": "5301e58e-f9b6-4973-bf2b-3c67ac87706b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "e892dbb0b2f14e64a61b885a21dc2a6975f1eb40cb10716ccd9dbc335bcba0f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ef4f0277-c5cf-4315-8fc0-ed00ba44648e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "61954463bbd0bdd7d32d4df2a43b7fb30d1f76c0116d47cbd15d33f4f85686ab", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "60df8d13-e6ca-43e4-9260-e8b6c543dcfc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8a081ad3c1729e978b9e246d428b02ae46bd8c5c05fa8c33f8b016aa2055bfe5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\npropel of the Hindu Pandita reconstruction and change values from Tri Sadhaka to Sarwa \n\nSadhaka, which as a whole shows \"very high\" numbers.  \n\nSecondly, the existence and acknowledgment of Sarwa Sadhaka, in the presence of \n\na potential conflict and polarization of the thought of the rights and obligations of the Hindu \n\nPandita in Bali in carrying out the task \"Ngeloka phala Sraya\". The weakening potential of the \n\nKapanditan-based conflict is due to the recognition of the plurality of Pandita which does have \n\na historical background, belief systems and diverse religious practices. In addition, the \n\naccommodation of various groups, beliefs and the best practices carried by each clan can \n\ngive a good signal to the importance of building harmony and recognition of the diversity \n\nsystem of religious beliefs and practices of each clan given the existence of a pandita can not \n\nbe separated from the protagonists of the clan/group.   \n\nThird, the construction of the authority of Tri Sadhaka in relation to the third nature of \n\nthe Mastery (Bhur, Bhuah, Swah) in religious practice is regarded as a monopoly of religious \n\nauthority and the restriction of religious power by the Soroh group. The Emperis fact shows \n\nthat all Hindu Pandita have the same authority and can do all the rituals ranging from Mecaru \n\nin the context of Bhur Loka (the underworld), carrying out the ceremony of Manusa Yadnya \n\nand RSI Yadnya in the context of the middle nature (bhuwah) and performing ceremonies for \n\nancestral worship and Sang Hyang Widhi in the context of natural (Swah)  This means that \n\nthe thinking and ideology of Tri Sadhaka has been deconstructed by the non Tri Sadhaka \n\ngroup because it is considered not in accordance with the reality of religious practice. \n\n \n\n2. The impetus factors of Hindu Pandita reconstruction in the dynamics between Tri \n\nSadhaka and Sarwa Sadhaka on the people of Bali   \n\nFactors that are behind the efforts of the reconstruction of the work of ideology and \n\nthe practice of the Ministry in Bali, namely the historical and geneological factors, the \n\nincreasing knowledge and purity factor as the mode of adaptation to the Pandita, the \n\nmovement of Competition between the Tri Sadhaka group and the Sadhaka Chi Wildlife \n\nStation, the emergence of new ideas for movement change.  \n\nCompetition and conflict between the house/Soroh that happened in Bali especially in \n\nrelation to the conflict about the Hindu Pandita has spawned activity of the House awareness \n\nand strengthening of the clan through the consciousness of the clan by emphasizing the \n\nspecialization of roles and forming closed pockets area for the clan/other people, which is \n\nstandardized with various symbols and mythology On the other party, the existence of Pandita", "start_char_idx": 9171, "end_char_idx": 12259, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "60df8d13-e6ca-43e4-9260-e8b6c543dcfc": {"__data__": {"id_": "60df8d13-e6ca-43e4-9260-e8b6c543dcfc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "e892dbb0b2f14e64a61b885a21dc2a6975f1eb40cb10716ccd9dbc335bcba0f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5301e58e-f9b6-4973-bf2b-3c67ac87706b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "1263dbf417424d46896af8ffe64109b0c3edaf2d7af5f9de22fa198d6e201271", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5a0d5916-6e59-4487-89b7-d8aeda72b1b8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3c882d34c1cccbb8d2bf3e6bf80b8a63394b6ae5d8f54993126110e1acd3c862", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\nin Bali, can be attributed to the development of the capitalist world, which marks the \n\ncommercialization in all areas of culture and sustainability. In the field of religion, for example \n\nPandita in Bali to run his dharma as a sulinggih not only merely to be able to function as a \n\ncommunity servant in the context of Ngeloka Palasraya and to position himself as an \n\nintermediary of prayer to Sanghyang Widhi Wasa (God Almighty), but not a few that \n\nfunctioned \"incognito\" to do the production/sale of Banten (even through his family \n\nparticipation, but on his knowledge) is doing commodification of Upakara Yajnya. In addition, \n\nthere is a tendency to increase the amount of sulinggih quantitatively by ignoring the \n\nqualitative aspects in the sense that the trend has not fulfilled the minimum quality standards \n\nin accordance with the requirements contained in Hindu Devavrata. There was the impression \n\nof \"Sulinggih Karbitan\" and \"Nabe Metanja\" because it actively persuaded the prospective \n\nSulinggih (Pinandita) for Madiksa/Medwijati to be a Pandita under his guidance. \n\n \n\n3. The implications of the reconstruction of Hindu Pandita in the dynamics between Tri \n\nSadhaka       and Sarwa Sadhaka on the people of Bali  \n\nThe implications of the reconstruction of Hindu Pandita in the dynamics between Tri-\n\nSadhaka and the Sadhaka Chi Wildlife Station in the Balinese community concerned with the \n\nideology, social and economic aspects. In the dimension of religious ideology, it is a religion \n\nespecially related to the internalization of Hindu values that are used as bases in increasing \n\nthe status of Pandita. The awareness of the house/Soroh that was created to face the different \n\nclan, functionally raised new consciousness in the house through the interpretation activities \n\nof religious texts that are worth universum such as the concept of color that encourages the \n\nrealization of more universal symbols that can be made as a foothold in understanding the \n\ndifferences and polarization of Hindu Pandita. \n\n In the social dimension, namely the strengthening of the cohesion of the Group of \n\nCitizens (Soroh) to deconstruct the structural establishment of Hindu Pandita that was built \n\nby certain actors in order to defend the caste ideology. The implications, through the \n\nconsciousness of the clan/Soroh created to confront different dynasts, have functionally \n\nraised new consciousness in the house through the interpretation of religious texts that are \n\nworth the universum such as the concept of color that encourages the realization of more \n\nuniversal symbols that can be used as a foothold in understanding the differences and \n\npolarization of Hindu Pandita. The economic dimension is the emergence of the Pragmatism", "start_char_idx": 12264, "end_char_idx": 15325, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5a0d5916-6e59-4487-89b7-d8aeda72b1b8": {"__data__": {"id_": "5a0d5916-6e59-4487-89b7-d8aeda72b1b8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "e892dbb0b2f14e64a61b885a21dc2a6975f1eb40cb10716ccd9dbc335bcba0f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "60df8d13-e6ca-43e4-9260-e8b6c543dcfc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "fff9e9e9bada6254052eac821f5f80dd8ffb658921f81e8e5f10f025ed918620", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cd724fec-679c-4a2f-b684-c0ec574256f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "95a256ccccdcdeebe7ce457e4a644270f6185d22065d85de837a7680a0f5b41e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\nact of Pandita in carrying out its self-determination, to fulfill worldly desires, namely the \n\neconomy and power.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nConclusion of this research is the reconstruction of the foundations of Hindu Pandita \n\nthought in the dynamics of inter-Sadhaka and Sadhaka Chi Wildlife Station in the people of \n\nBali can be examined in more depth than the aspects of the parameters RPH, the context of \n\nreconstruction and reconstruction Contextual, and reconstruction of the compound through \n\nthe description of attitudes and personalities, the reconstruction of personal qualifications, \n\nvalue-to-rate competence and the attitude of personality. The personal perspective, \n\nemphasizing the meaning of ' integrity or personal wholeness (the unity of the personal) of \n\nthe Hindu Pandita, that according to \"the nature of the Hindu Pandita is personally integral, \n\nintact, and that is considered sacred, noble, with all its uniqueness (talent, Ability, character, \n\ninterests, needs, and so on) as the supreme grace of Ida Sanghyang Widhi Wasa bestowed \n\nupon Pandita Hindu since he was born physically and then born spiritually through Diksa and \n\nplaced on Honorable and Noble position (SULINGGIH).  \n\nFactors of reconstruction of Hindu Pandita in the dynamics of inter-Sadhaka and Chi \n\nWildlife Station Sadhaka in Balinese Society concerning 1) historical and geneological factors \n\nconcerning the forerunner of the existence of Pandita in Bali that comes from the element of \n\nPanca Pandita namely Mpu Semeru, Mpu Gana, Mpu Kuturan, Mpu Gni Jaya, and Mpu \n\nBaradah, 2). Power factor to seek balance and similarity access to Hindu Pandita, 3) The \n\nconflict factor is also one of the important factors that promote the existence of dynamics and \n\nadaptation in the fight for the vision of balance and equality for the group  Interest, 4). The \n\nincreased knowledge and purity factor as adaptation mode becomes Pandita, 5). Social \n\nmovement relevance of competition Group status (Ripalry status group), derived from \n\nhistorical conditions. Similarly, the idea of championing the Sadhaka Chi Wildlife Station has \n\na logical link with the concept of Tri Sadhaka, only only adapted the concept in order to be \n\nmore accepted all parties. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nOn this occasion the author thanked the esteemed promoters who had attentively and \n\nlove to have given encouragement, encouragement, guidance and advice so that the", "start_char_idx": 15330, "end_char_idx": 18076, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cd724fec-679c-4a2f-b684-c0ec574256f3": {"__data__": {"id_": "cd724fec-679c-4a2f-b684-c0ec574256f3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "e892dbb0b2f14e64a61b885a21dc2a6975f1eb40cb10716ccd9dbc335bcba0f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5a0d5916-6e59-4487-89b7-d8aeda72b1b8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "fc94d89544d73f320c37c2ea8e4d8c15a8c146cc0b79a5df178ac7422d141ff0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fdacb040-26dd-45af-a2f4-d5d3daa89258", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b05ea22b8827ed22f69b90eb2781bc6a5e2a635ca6f5efe9945e031a7e1e177a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\ncompletion of my doctoral studies materialized. Likewise, thank you for all the parties who \n\nhave been in the process of studying and writing this journal. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n \n\nAgung, A.A. Gde Putra,  1974, Perubahan  Sosial  dan Pertentangan Kasta  di Bali Utara, \n1924-1928, Skripsi Sarjana Muda, Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada. \n\nAnderson, Perry, 1984, In The Tracks of Historical Materialism, Chicago: University of \nChicago Press. \n\nArdana I Ketut, 1994, \u201cBali dalam Kilasan Sejarah \u201c dalam I Gede Pitana (Ed) Dinamika \nMasyarakat dan Kebudayaan Bali, Bali : Penerbit Bali Post. \n\nArdhana, I.B. Suparta 2002. Sejarah Perkembangan Agama Hindu di Indonesia, \nSurabaya:Paramita.  \n\nArtadi, I Ketut, 1993,  Manusia Bali, Bali :Pen. Bali Post \n\nAtmaja, Nengah Bawa. 2001. Reformasi Ke Arah Kemajuan Yang Sempurna dan  Holistic, \nGagasan Perkumpulan Surya Kanta Tentang Bali Di Masa Depan. 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Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "e892dbb0b2f14e64a61b885a21dc2a6975f1eb40cb10716ccd9dbc335bcba0f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cd724fec-679c-4a2f-b684-c0ec574256f3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "1383dce2289250a0fedf4862484dbd5f743774b0dd9e8fd336eb5a64cb411712", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "384684f1-30fe-4319-a4ca-fcbdfad39f3f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f3ce3204cd713438ad90ebbd6613bffe9f217f3471799f30e947273959d75dd3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nBernard, H. Russell. 2002.  Research Methods in Anthropology: Quality and Quantitative \nmethods. Third edition. Walnut creek. Lanham. New York. Oxford: Altamira Press, A \nDivision Of Rowman And Littlefield Publishers, Inc. \n\nBourdieu,Pieere.1991. Lenguang eAnd Symbolic Power. Cembrege: Polity Press. \n\nCresswell, JW.1994. Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. \nLondon:SAGE Publication. \n\nDenzim. Norman and Yvonna S.Lincoln. Handbook of Qualitative research. London, New \nDelhi: Sage Publications, Interantional Educational and Profesional Publisher, \nThousand Oaks. \n\nDinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Bali. 1986. Raja Purana : Teks \ndan Terjemahan. Denpasar: Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Propinsi Daerah \nTingkat I Bali. \n\nFashri, Fauzi. 2007. Penyingkapan Kuasa Simbol: Appropriasi Reflektif Pemikiran Pierre \nBourdieu, Yogyakarta:Juxtapose \n\nFoucault, Michel, 2007, Arkeologi Ilmu-ilmu Kemanusiaan, B. Priambodo & Pradana Boy \n(Penterj.) Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar \n\nFoucault, Michel, Power and Knowledge, Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977 \n(ed. Collin Gordon), New York: Pantheon Books, 1980, h.98. \n\nFoucault. 2012. (online) sumber Rizki Wulandari.: http://afidburhanuddin. files. wordpress. \ncom 2012/11/foucault2_ed.pdf. halaman 3-4 diunduh Tanggal 20 Januari 2018). \n\n. \n\nGeertz, Clifford,  dan Hildred Geertz, 1975, Kinship in Bali,  University of chicafgo Press, \nChicago. \n\nGidden, Anthony, 1995. The Constitution of Society:The Outline of the Theory of \nStrukturation, Polity Press Cambridge-UK. Dalam Adiloka Sujono (Penr), 2011, The \nConstitution of Society:Teori Struktural untuk analisis Sosial, Yogyakarta: Penerbit \nPedati. \n\nKeputusan  Pesamuhan Agung IV Maha Semaya Warga Pande Propinsi Bali Tanggal 1 Juni \n2007, Di Wantilan Sari Kecari Warmadewa Mandapa, Pura Agung Besakih.  \n\nKerepun, Made Kembar. 2004. Benang Kusut Nama Gelar Di Bali. Denpasar: Media \nAdiKarsa. \n\nMiartha, Wayan, 2015. Diksanisasi Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi (MGPSSR) di Bali, \nDisertasi IHDN Denpasar  \n\nMiles,M.B dan Huberman, A.M, 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif: Buku Sumber Tentang Metode-\nMetode Baru. Tjetjep Rohendi (Penterjemah). Jakarta: UI Press", "start_char_idx": 20366, "end_char_idx": 22880, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "384684f1-30fe-4319-a4ca-fcbdfad39f3f": {"__data__": {"id_": "384684f1-30fe-4319-a4ca-fcbdfad39f3f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57280", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "e892dbb0b2f14e64a61b885a21dc2a6975f1eb40cb10716ccd9dbc335bcba0f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fdacb040-26dd-45af-a2f4-d5d3daa89258", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "b643bcb0fc92c45b6a13a6f8eb686e03c9b5742c496ff91ba89ef2a44ba0ff23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ca82329c-ee74-484b-8d8c-18a929a05bff", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ba01ac23f899c8802cf09d35143de7f36fb08a604bc18816e3dd69e0791c7195", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                 May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\nSastra, Gde Sara Sastra, 2005, Pedoman Calon Pandita Dan Dharmaning Sulinggih (Wiku \nSesana), Surabaya:  Paramita  \n\nSimon, Roger,2004. Gagasan-gagasan Politik Gramsci, Yaogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar dan \nInsist Press. \n\nSoebandi.1985.Berbakti Kepada Kawitan (Leluhur) Adalah Paramo Dharmah. Denpasar: \nYayasan Adhi Sapta Kerthi. \n\nSuhandana, Gede Anggan, dkk., 2007: Menyiapkan Sulinggih Bagi  Umat Hindu : Antara \nSiksa dan Diksa, dalam Wiana. I Ketut. 2007. Diksa Pintu Menapaki Jalan Rohani. \nSurabaya :  Paramita.  \n\nSujana,N.N. 1994, \u201c Manusia Bali di Persimpangan Jalan\u201d dalam I G. Pitana (Ed) Dinamika \nMasyarakat dan Kebudayaan Bali, Bali: BP. \n\nTriguna, Ida Bagus Gde Yudha (ed), 1994, \u201cPergeseran dalam  Pelaksanan  Agama : Menuju \nTattwa\u201c dalam I Gede Pitana (Ed) Dinamika Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan Bali, Bali : \nPenerbit BP. \n\nTriguna, Ida Bagus Gde Yudha, 1997, \u201cMobilitas Kelas, Konflik, dan Penafsiran Kembali \nSimbolisme Masyarakat Hindu di Bali\u201d, (Disertasi) Bandung :Univesitas Padjadjaran. \n\nWiana, I Ketut, 2006, Memahami Perbedaan  Catur Warna, Kasta dan Wangsa. Surabaya: \nParamita. \n\nWiana, I Ketut, Raka Santeri, 1993, Kasta Dalam Hindu Kesalahpahaman Berabad-abad, \nBali :Dharma Naradha.", "start_char_idx": 22885, "end_char_idx": 24392, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ca82329c-ee74-484b-8d8c-18a929a05bff": {"__data__": {"id_": "ca82329c-ee74-484b-8d8c-18a929a05bff", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "384684f1-30fe-4319-a4ca-fcbdfad39f3f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57280", "author": "Redana, Made; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Parimartha, I Gde; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah", "title": " RECONSTRUCTION OF HINDU PRIEST IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTER TRI SADHAKA AND SARWA SADHAKA IN BALI", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57280.pdf"}, "hash": "3298944314c6e15950e149f6d2e9740d8fb2c490ea9023dd4d8d4e3aef736633", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2d4784bb-eeae-4832-9b00-141887c0f5b7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "636182ac1ce66645a645ec6ecfba0f35695021d43a3e96492b2f7ebc6aa8189c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Rodney  final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\n \n\nTHE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD \nWELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014 \n\nRodney Westerlaken1, I Wayan Ardika2,  \nI Ketut Ardhana3, I Nyoman Dharma Putra4 \n\n \n\n1,2,3,4Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University \n \n\nemail: 1info@westerlakenfoundation.org, 2ardika52@yahoo.co.id, \n3phejepsdrlipi@yahoo.com, 4idarmaputra@yahoo.com \n\n  \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 07-03-2019 \nAccepted Date : 15-04-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2019 \n\n  \n\nABSTRACT \n\nTerroristic events, like the Bali bombings in 2002 and 2005, have major effects on a society. \nPrior research towards those effects have focused on the financial, economic and social \neconomic effects, however this study focuses on the social cultural effect in the aftermath of \nthe terroristic effects. The changed social cultural perception of submitting children to a Child \nWelfare Institution in the period 2006 to 2014 in Denpasar city, Bali. Sub questions to this \nproblem statement what the reasons are that children are living in Child Welfare Institutions \nin Denpasar city recently and whether it is possible to connect social cultural perceptions of \nsubmitting children to Child Welfare Institutions in Denpasar city to coping mechanisms of the \nsociety after the terroristic attacks in 2002 and 2005. This research has used a quantitative \napproach, interviewing 50 children and 23 parents / familial caretakers. The outcomes have \nbeen analysed with help of the computer assisted qualitative data analysis software NVIVO. \nResearch indicates that the trend of submitting children to Child Welfare Institutions, as a \ncoping mechanism, in the first years after the second Bali bombing instigated a change in the \nsocial cultural system on Bali. The Balinese kinship system partly fell apart as a result of the \nBali bombings, the keluarga besar is less considered to be asked for help and submitting a \nchild to a Child Welfare Institution became an easy solution that currently continues to exist. \nIt is concluded that the ethos, the moral formation as described by Foucault, is victimized by \nthe failing system of aletheia and politeia, but that also ethos itself is victimized by \ncontemporary forms of normalization.    \n\nKeywords:  social cultural change, terroristic attack, coping mechanism, Child Welfare \nInstitutions.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2732, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2d4784bb-eeae-4832-9b00-141887c0f5b7": {"__data__": {"id_": "2d4784bb-eeae-4832-9b00-141887c0f5b7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ca82329c-ee74-484b-8d8c-18a929a05bff", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "c2baa2499d28bbcc854c4abc963d9682600eabff04a7493aa8945ef2d8906d8e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "1f213291-970c-4dd5-a4a6-01dd4bf1b459", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d8208536d07371fe3adc797844193679e9e8420f46092e7a3d02ffee1f9d12e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\n \n\nBACKGROUND \n\nDenpasar city is the capitol of the island of Bali. The research focused on Denpasar \n\ncity as reference area for the whole of Bali. There are 863.600 inhabitants in the area and the \n\narea is 127,78 km2  wide (2,27% of the whole area of Bali) and consists out of four kecamatan \n\nand 43 desa/kelurahan. The city is densely populated with 6.759 souls per km2.  The \n\nneighbouring kabupaten are Gianyar and Badung (Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Denpasar \n\n2016). 648 children lived in Child Welfare Institutions in Denpasar city at the ommencement \n\nof the research, which makes up 0,07% of the total inhabitants. \n\nDenpasar city can be divided in 4 subdistricts, Denpasar selatan (south Denpasar), \n\nDenpasar timur (east Denpasar), Denpasar barat (west Denpasar) and Denpasar utura (north \n\nDenpasar). South Denpasar is the most densely populated area (31.8%), followed by west \n\nDenpasar (29%), north Denpasar (22.1%) and finally east Denpasar (17.2%).  \n\n Denpasar city consists of 880.600 souls in 2015, comprised of 449.700 males and \n\n430.900 females. The sex ration in Denpasar city is 104. The illiterate rate in Denpasar city \n\nis 2.04%. The school participation rate in 2014 can be seen below. After 16 years old the \n\nschool participation rate declines. In total 675 schools (state and private owned) can be found \n\nin Denpasar city, with 18.815 pupils and 2.399 teachers.   \n\n In 2014 0.03% of the pupils dropped out of elementary school, the total number of \n\nenrolled pupils was 83.013. For 2014 only eleven  pupils dropped out of high school, on a \n\npopulation of 36.160 pupils (0.03%) (Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Denpasar 2016). 653.326 \n\nsouls in Denpasar city are in the working age population. The workforce consists of 472.103 \n\nsouls of who 461.135 are indeed working and 10.968 souls experience difficulties in working.   \n\nThe main industrial origin for Denpasar inhabitants is restaurant and hotel trade \n\n(42.3%), followed by social and industrial services (22.8%) and the processing industry \n\n(12.7%) (Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Denpasar 2016).  \n\nBadan Pusat Statistik Kota Denpasar mentions that Denpasar city is \u2018a big city, with \n\nvery complex social problems\u2019 (Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Denpasar 2016, p. 70). It notes \n\nprostitution of one of the problems, noting that there were 50 prostitutes active in 2015 in \n\nDenpasar city. The government tries to solve this problem by coaching.  Interestingly enough \n\nBadan Pusat Statistik Kota Denpasar mentions the Child Welfare Institutes and children in \n\nfoster care as a social problem as well (Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Denpasar 2016).", "start_char_idx": 2741, "end_char_idx": 5669, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1f213291-970c-4dd5-a4a6-01dd4bf1b459": {"__data__": {"id_": "1f213291-970c-4dd5-a4a6-01dd4bf1b459", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2d4784bb-eeae-4832-9b00-141887c0f5b7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "d99a74e3a6885e0310603f17940155fa982a8548b8fb996b4ef48d6f94a36650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "65baf745-3174-458e-9aa1-80e5882a5297", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fd8f8022ed298df560626048872ed23569a5eae6003dfd0c4e09d9274b156b6f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\nEvery year  the ministry of women\u2019s empowerment  and child protection hands out the \n\nprice for the  city  /  district   most child worthy.    Kota Denpasar  has  won the Kota layak \n\nanak award in 2019 (Tribunnews, 2019, Republika, 2019, Suara.com, 2019).  \n\nThe ministry of women\u2019s empowerment  and child protection looks at the following criteria for \n\nhanding out the price: \n\n- Institutions \n\n- Basic health and well being \n\n- Family environment and alternative child care \n\n- Civil rights of freedom \n\n- Special protection \n\n- Education, free time utilization and cultural activities (kla.id, 2019) \n\n \n\nAccording to Tribun news the Mayor of Denpasar that the award was given because \n\nDenpasar was considered successful in terms of fulfilling the rights of children, one of which \n\nwas giving benefit programs to the community. From the fulfilment of children's rights, both \n\nfrom providing creativity space to children in each government program to providing \n\ncomfortable facilities for children when interacting outside their family environment \n\n(Tribunnews, 2019). \n\n \n\nIn the same article the head of the Denpasar City Women's Empowerment and Child \n\nProtection Agency I Gusti Agung Laksmi Dharmayanti said that the Denpasar government \n\nhad been able to meet the requirements of being a child friendly city as assessed by the \n\ncentral team so that the city of Denpasar could rise in the rank of Nindya (4 times in a row) to \n\nbecome winner of the main category. \n\n\"We have tried our best. And the results of the assessment from the central team said, \nthe city of Denpasar has met various requirements so Denpasar obtained the highest \naward in the event. Of course we are very grateful for this achievement and in the \nfuture we will continue to try to maintain and improve it again\", he concluded \n(Tribunnews, 2019). \n\n \n\nChild Welfare Institutions are not specified as a criteria measured in the evaluation of which \n\ncity should win the Kota layak ank award. Pengasuhan alternatif is a criteria that is described \n\nas:", "start_char_idx": 5675, "end_char_idx": 8011, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "65baf745-3174-458e-9aa1-80e5882a5297": {"__data__": {"id_": "65baf745-3174-458e-9aa1-80e5882a5297", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1f213291-970c-4dd5-a4a6-01dd4bf1b459", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "ca72be0b2d0f9d0313fe5ccb5429327b55c0a933798b63de2c8fa8212374f48d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f831c535-54b8-4bc5-bb47-bb026a7d01b6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a99fdc0b837ccbc882fb98e380287873b41259f54deeb3172633368ce50a18f0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\n\u2018The child has the right to have a substitute family or family so that his life and development \n\ncan be fulfilled properly, the replacement family or family is responsible for fulfilling the basic \n\nrights of the child, while the state is obliged to take steps so that the right of the child to obtain \n\na replacement family or family can be fulfilled and so that the family or surrogate family can \n\ncarry out their responsibilities to the maximum\u2019 (Kla.id, 2019). \n\nThe central team seems to expect a perfect implementation of the Decree of the Minister of \n\nSocial Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia NO.30/HUK/2011 in which Child Welfare \n\nInstitutions should not exist in the form they are existing currently.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nThis research has been undertaken on a sample of 50 children living in Child Welfare \n\nInstitutions in Denpasar city, on a population (2014) of 694 children (7,2%). To define the \n\nsample considerations have been made considering defined age groups in similar research \n\nby Save the Children, Child Welfare Institutions located in Denpasar city and their considered \n\nreligions.  \n\n29 children in Hindu Child Welfare Institutions, ten children living in Christian Child \n\nWelfare Institutions, eight children living in multi religious Child Welfare Institutions and three \n\nchildren living in Muslim Child Welfare Institutions were considered to be the interviewees for \n\nthis research. Nine Child Welfare Institutions participated in this research, as well as the \n\nparents of sixteen children living in Child Welfare Institutions.  \n\nThe topographical background of the interviewed children is Karangasem (22%), \n\nDenpasar (20%) and Tabanan, Gianyar and Buleleng (14%). This means that 80% of the \n\nchildren living in Child Welfare Institutions in Denpasar city are not from Denpasar city \n\nthemselves, but from other kabupaten in Bali.  \n\nChildren and familial caretakers were asked about the way of submittance to the Child \n\nWelfare Institution. Research shows that several Child Welfare Institution actively recruit \n\nchildren in underprivileged villages and in families with poor financial conditions.  \n\nThe main reason children are being submitted to Child Welfare Institutions remains \n\nthe possibility to follow education. Other reasons being given are economic hardship, family \n\nsituation / sickness, negligence and \u2018to be independent\u2019. Recruitment is prohibited under the \n\ndecree of the Minister of Social affairs: \n\n\u201cChild Welfare Institutions should receive referrals for children in need of alternative \ncare but should not proactively recruit children in communities that do not require \nalternative care\u201d. (Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia 2011, p. 30).", "start_char_idx": 8019, "end_char_idx": 11048, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f831c535-54b8-4bc5-bb47-bb026a7d01b6": {"__data__": {"id_": "f831c535-54b8-4bc5-bb47-bb026a7d01b6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "65baf745-3174-458e-9aa1-80e5882a5297", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "d0b401f3843d04429b072fe792566835b15af41e036a077c8c5e05f6725a1859", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2d3b7979-c06d-4101-96c3-3d814a1418b4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "62b2e86949def34b5c62ce37b354c4de2b99a0d3ff499aede65f35f0edac3d55", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\n \n\nThe decree of the Minister of Social affairs also responds to economic needs and \n\neducational needs: \n\n\u201cWhere the primary issue faced by the family is financial inability, the Child \nWelfare Institutions should provide support for the child in the family through \nfinancial assistance or economic empowerment of the family, or support the family \nin accessing existing social aid programs\u201d (Ministry of Social Affairs of the \nRepublic of Indonesia 2011, p. 33). \n\n \na. If the primary issue faced by the family is access to education, Child Welfare \nInstitutions should facilitate access to education through providing support for \ntuition costs, school supplies, and transportation. \nb.Child Welfare Institutions must prevent the placement of children in their \nInstitutions for the purpose of accessing education (Ministry of Social Affairs of \nthe Republic of Indonesia 2011, p. 33). \n\n \n\nSome children are referred to the Child Welfare Institutions by government \n\nemployees, sometimes doubling as family. The decree of the Minister of Social affairs \n\nstipulates referrals in practice (Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia 2011, p. \n\n30) but the decree is not followed in practice. \n\nThe hypothesis that some children are placed in Child Welfare Institutions far away \n\nfrom their hometown on purpose cannot proved. The fact that 80% of the children living in \n\nChild Welfare Institutions far away from their hometown is a strong indication towards this \n\nhypothesis. Reason behind a placement far away are possibly feelings of guilt and shame.  \n\nThe interviews with parents were inconclusive towards the hypothesis.  \n\nWhen looking at the reactions of the keluarga besar it can be concluded that the \n\nkeluarga besar does not particularly mind the submittance of a family member to a Child \n\nWelfare Institution.  \n\nFamily relations are disrupted by submitting a child to a Child Welfare Institution. \n\nContact with children is usually kept by phone and children usually go back to their \n\nhometowns during Balinese holidays. Big concern should be considered on the fact that \n\nparents / familial caretakers do not know what the child is experiencing psychologically and \n\nemotionally. Kaur, Vinnakota, Panigrahi and Manasa (2018) state  \n\n\u2018Orphans and other vulnerable children and adolescents living in institutional homes are \nmore prone to behavioural and emotional problems than others as they are deprived of \na family's love and care\u2019 (p.1).", "start_char_idx": 11053, "end_char_idx": 13827, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2d3b7979-c06d-4101-96c3-3d814a1418b4": {"__data__": {"id_": "2d3b7979-c06d-4101-96c3-3d814a1418b4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f831c535-54b8-4bc5-bb47-bb026a7d01b6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "dd039cf121d20eb0ed5975ebaaab47b03ee2b4793bac8f9301645867f33229a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "74a01901-6311-41f0-beda-1f2dc80afe61", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b396386036dba2cc329f57bca93e2b6a6192fbbcf0f2174c2eb8c20ab4928233", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\n The hypothesis that Child Welfare Institutions are used as cover ups to spread religion \n\nis not proven, though strong indicators have been given towards the hypothesis. Some \n\nfamilial caretakers note their fear of submitting children to a Child Welfare Institutions of a \n\ndifferent religion due to conversion, some children made statements towards this hypothesis.  \n\n The word orphan / orphanage is commonly used in marketing outings of Child Welfare \n\nInstitutions, but research shows that 76% of the children in the sample cannot be defined as \n\norphan as stipulated by Unicef and her global partners. While is impossible to make a value \n\nstatement on perceived poverty, research shows that many parents of interviewed children \n\nbelong to the working class. Other solutions, as stipulated in the Decree of the Minister of \n\nSocial Affairs should be implanted to prevent those children from living in Child Welfare \n\nInstitutions. It can be concluded that Child Welfare Institutions are considered an option or a \n\nsolution, by some familial caretakers even as the only solution.  \n\n Violence and force are evident in Child Welfare Institutions in Denpasar city. During \n\nthis research cases of violence or indications of violence were discovered. The media \n\nuncovered more cases relating to Child Welfare Institutions in Denpasar and Bali, showing \n\nthat issues are recurring.  \n\n When asked whether familial caretakers would make the same decision to send their \n\nchildren to Child Welfare Institutions the result was mixed. Some parents show regret were \n\nothers see the submittance as the best solution.  \n\n \n\nNEW FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH \n\nThe new findings of the research are as follows: \n\n1. Children in Denpasar city are mainly submitted to Child Welfare Institutions for the \n\nsake of education.  \n\n2. Child Welfare Institutions in Denpasar city mainly use education as factor for \n\naccepting children, or even recruiting children, though this is forbidden by the Decree \n\nof the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia NO.30/HUK/2011. \n\n3. Forms of abuse are happening in Child Welfare Institutions in Denpasar city. \n\n4. Child Welfare Institutions often recruit children and funds under the name of \n\norphanage, while in Western perspective an orphanage is something else than a Child \n\nWelfare Institution in Indonesian perspective.", "start_char_idx": 13835, "end_char_idx": 16501, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "74a01901-6311-41f0-beda-1f2dc80afe61": {"__data__": {"id_": "74a01901-6311-41f0-beda-1f2dc80afe61", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2d3b7979-c06d-4101-96c3-3d814a1418b4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9ec04b96134e0746f5dd5073568015064805cdc614cc01b848a299c40188cea8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b89fa7ba-40df-41f2-862e-1d55e7bf4733", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8eee7d1535aac33655b043a16b706f00da26a453672cfb223b4f4e4963a7455f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\n5. After the Bali bombings in 2005 and its economical aftermath submitting children to \n\nChild Welfare Institutions has been a coping mechanism that still has its cultural \n\neffects till recent.  \n\n6. By submitting children to Child Welfare Institutions Balinese kinship ties are changing.   \n\n \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS \n\nThe conclusions of this dissertation are twofold. On one hand conclusion are drawn on \n\nbased on the position of children living in Child Welfare Institutions, their parents / familial \n\ncaretakers and the Child Welfare Institutions themselves. On the other hand, conclusions are \n\ndrawn based on the social cultural change in perception of submitting children to Child \n\nWelfare Institutions.  \n\n \n\nThe position of children living in Child Welfare Institutions, their parents/ familial \n\ncaretakers and the Child Welfare Institutions \n\nThis dissertation has explored the position of children living in Child Welfare Institutions. \n\nIt can be concluded that 76 percent of the children researched still have both parents alive \n\nand another sixteen percent of the children have one parent alive and known. Therefore the \n\ntranslation of orphanage for panti asuhan is incorrect even though the term orphanage is \n\noften used in the marketing of Child Welfare Institutions.  \n\nThe sample of 50 children had the following demographic background: \n\n- Karangasem 22% \n\n- Denpasar 20% \n\n- Tabanan 14% \n\n- Gianyar 14% \n\n- Buleleng 14% \n\n \n\nIt is expected that children are placed in Child Welfare Institutions far away  \n\nfrom home (80% of the sample) to hide the fact that they are submitted (feelings of guilt and \n\nshame) to a Child Welfare Institution from villagers. This hypothesis could not be proven by \n\ndata.", "start_char_idx": 16507, "end_char_idx": 18528, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b89fa7ba-40df-41f2-862e-1d55e7bf4733": {"__data__": {"id_": "b89fa7ba-40df-41f2-862e-1d55e7bf4733", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "74a01901-6311-41f0-beda-1f2dc80afe61", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "ea911c492f09e9e6ff521705d1e8196cf6a21ae9e2120555cb7aee6fe0823de1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e30c28d0-fa33-4de9-ac4f-9da9dccdf140", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "82444f9c39392ee8e61a134711d12792e9a1026120935ea63a6953faf0a00d8e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nMain reason given for children living in Child Welfare Institutions are the possibility to \n\nfollow education, economic hardship, family situation / sickness, being neglected and learning \n\nto be independent. The Decree of the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia \n\nNO30/HUK/2011 prohibits submittance to Child Welfare Institutions for the sake of education. \n\nIn this case Child Welfare Institutions are supposed to provide support for the family through \n\nfinancial assistance (tuition costs, school supplies, transportation) or economic empowerment \n\nof the family or assist the family in accessing social aid programs.    \n\nParents and familial caretakers are executing the Ostrich Syndrome, having no long \n\nterm vision, but seeking solutions for short terms without wanting to see consequences. \n\nAnswers given by parents / familial caretakers about their feelings were diverse, possibly \n\ndriven by feelings of guilt and shame. Taken to the level of the keluarga and keluarga besar \n\nit is identified that the family does not care too much that one of the children is submitted to \n\nthe Child Welfare Institution, even members of the nuclear family refer to Child Welfare \n\nInstitutions. Parents / familial caretakers see submittance to Child Welfare Institutions as a \n\nsolution, sometimes even an easy solution. In hindsight some parents showed regret, but the \n\nmajority do not regret submitting their children to a Child Welfare Institution. \n\n Children are experiencing psychological and emotional stress as they are deprived \n\nfrom family\u2019s love and care. Family relations and the Balinese kinship system are disrupted \n\ndue to having children surrendered to the Child Welfare Institutions. Parents / familial \n\ncaretakers do not (want) to see those consequences in the long run.  Physical, psychological \n\nand sexual abuse is happening frequently in the Child Welfare Institutions. Within this \n\nresearch cases of physical and psychological abuse are discovered.  \n\nThe hypothesis that Child Welfare Institutions are cover ups to spread religion cannot \n\nproven by data, though there are indicators that this is in fact happening. Some parents / \n\nfamilial caretakers showed reluctance to submit children to a Child Welfare Institution of a \n\ndifferent religion, some children made statements towards this hypothesis.  \n\nTo give this dissertation philosophical reserve the work of mainly Foucault has been \n\ndeconstructed, specifically looking at aletheia, politeia and ethos. When looking at aletheia, \n\nthe production of truth, one can relate issues of short term vision by parents / familial \n\ncaretakers, specifically relating to the child\u2019s safety, one can conclude that aletheia is \n\ndisturbed. The exercise of power, politeia, is binary. The prescribing authority, the Directorate \n\nGeneral, has executed its task well by a well thought through decree, though the \n\nimplementation by means of the Social Service is inadequate. When deconstructing ethos,", "start_char_idx": 18537, "end_char_idx": 21827, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e30c28d0-fa33-4de9-ac4f-9da9dccdf140": {"__data__": {"id_": "e30c28d0-fa33-4de9-ac4f-9da9dccdf140", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b89fa7ba-40df-41f2-862e-1d55e7bf4733", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "b07336807505831b6c1e69be719f50b65a7cb50742daf660a433b86e46afce41", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "565e1b43-a356-4bc1-ab60-bdf689f3cd76", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2f8531be07a1cbb3bdf3c8607a9c5300a36da983803bab7c5d60d7595319f295", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nthe amalgamation of norms, morals and ethics, the discrepancy between the parents / familial \n\ncaretakers and the child are compromised. Foucault describes that the best place for a child \n\nto be is the nuclear family. Submitting children to Child Welfare Institutions has become part \n\nof a normalization, a rising norm (a natural rule) which can be considered dangerous seen \n\nthe many cases of abuse and the estrangement of children to their nuclear family and kinship \n\nties. It has to be concluded that the ethos, the moral formation, is victimized by the failing \n\nsystem of aletheia and politeia, but that also ethos itself is victimized by contemporary forms \n\nof normalization.  \n\n \n\nThe incline of children being submitted to Child Welfare Institutions as a social cultural \n\neffect of the Bali bombings. \n\nResearch has been undertaken to examine the social economic effects of the Bali \n\nbombings. No research has been undertaken to examine the social cultural effects of the Bali \n\nbombings nor any other terroristic attack.  \n\nThis research shows that when looking at the number of children being submitted to \n\nChild Welfare Institutions on Bali and in Denpasar an interesting turning point can be \n\ndiscovered. The terroristic attacks launched an enormous decline in tourist arrivals and with \n\nthat a crisis on the island heavily dependent on tourism and hospitality.   \n\nAs a coping mechanism people tried to decrease expenditures. One way to decrease \n\nexpenditures is to submit children to Child Welfare Institutions, a practice already happening \n\nprior to the terroristic attacks. By submitting children to Child Welfare Institutions parents / \n\nfamilial caretakers can reduce costs of tuition fees, uniforms, books, stationary, food, clothes \n\nand hygiene.  \n\nSubmitting children to Child Welfare Institutions on Bali actively happened in the \n\naftermath of the second Bali bombing and from 2008 onwards in Denpasar city.  \n\nThe traditional kinship system in which everyone belonging or feeling to belong to a \n\ncommon ancestor is usually a system in which people help each other. Due to everyone being \n\nin the same position of coping with a crisis instigated by the heavily decreased tourist arrivals \n\nthe kinship system fell apart. There are indications that this is the moment in which Child \n\nWelfare Institutions started to recruit more actively in less privileged areas.  \n\nThe vast submittance to Child Welfare Institutions instigated a trend, possibly led by \n\npeer pressure and seeing an \u2018easy\u2019 solution to an existing problem. As explained before there", "start_char_idx": 21832, "end_char_idx": 24715, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "565e1b43-a356-4bc1-ab60-bdf689f3cd76": {"__data__": {"id_": "565e1b43-a356-4bc1-ab60-bdf689f3cd76", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e30c28d0-fa33-4de9-ac4f-9da9dccdf140", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "584c823decce1c01a0b86a20772ea4a8b6e7a16765c4aa327c8d6dd2f833d709", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3ae61d70-3454-4a08-9739-d07262c52662", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c2870ec74168302939488d2c4fb0f84635122e3d34b4e6249be3743d0d7837d9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\nis no long term vision by parents / familial caretakers within submitting children to Child \n\nWelfare Institutions. \n\nThe trend of submitting children to Child Welfare Institutions in the first years after the \n\nsecond Bali bombing instigated a change in the social cultural system on Bali. Now the kinship \n\nsystem partly fell apart as a result of the Bali bombings, the keluarga besar is less considered \n\nto ask for help and submitting a child to a Child Welfare Institution became an easy solution.  \n\n \n\nFINAL CONCLUSION \n\n Child Welfare Institutions are often marketing themselves as \u2018orphanages\u2019, which \n\nwould make a child living in such an institution an orphan. This is proven to be wrong, as 76% \n\nof the children researched still had both parents alive. Main reason to live in a Child Welfare \n\nInstitution is receiving education and economic hardship. The Decree of the minister of social \n\naffairs of the Republic of Indonesia NO.30/HUK/2011 prohibits that Child Welfare Institutions \n\nare housing children for the sake of receiving education. The Child Welfare Institutions should \n\nprovide financial assistance and give help in accessing social aid programs instead.  \n\n Parents / familial caretakers do not recognize the danger for children living in \n\ninstitutions. Research has proven that children suffer from being institutionalized and that \n\nabuse is happening. Ultimately children also estrange from their familial ties, the kinship \n\nsystem, that is so important on Bali. \n\n The financial and economic results of the second Bali Bombing have instigated a \n\nchange in the social and cultural perception of submitting children to Child Welfare \n\nInstitutions. This trend is ongoing till date.   \n\n \n\n \nREFERENCES \n \n\nBadan Pusat Statistik Kota Denpasar. 2016. Denpasar dalam Angka 2015, BPS Kota \nDenpasar, Denpasar \n\nKaur, R., Vinnakota, A., Panigrahi, S. and Manasa, RV. 2018. \u2018A descriptive study on \nbehavioral and emotional problems in orphans and other vulnerable children staying \n\nin institutional homes\u2019, Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Volume: 40  (issue: 2, p. \n161-168).", "start_char_idx": 24720, "end_char_idx": 27132, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3ae61d70-3454-4a08-9739-d07262c52662": {"__data__": {"id_": "3ae61d70-3454-4a08-9739-d07262c52662", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57284", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "9eea0f2a6ebaf62691733d6ff3a6c3cb4f668337f2b8762fe0cb413b0daca671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "565e1b43-a356-4bc1-ab60-bdf689f3cd76", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "43b123db0015b0e2d6e441d050251019c280f1a083b39145d71c975696a82c30", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6c2f8f72-f9a3-4ea9-801b-1e6e179c26f0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6d0e38e4aca8d8c042bfd2bade43c5c45d90b546a5c985a89b8d8bc2039d7df0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 10-20   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nKla.id. 2019, Indikator KLA, Kota Laya Anak, Jakarta < http://www.kla.id/indikator-kla/ >. \n\nMinistry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia 2011, Decree of the minister of social \naffairs of the republic of Indonesia NO.30/HUK/2011 National standard of care for \nChild Welfare Institutions, Jakarta. \n\nRepublika. 2019, Denpasar Raih Penghargaan Kota Layak Anak Kategori Utama, viewed \n19 October 2019,  \n\n< https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/pva7tc456/denpasar-raih-penghargaan-kota-layak-\nanak-kategori-utama >. \n\nSuara.com. 2019, Solo, Surabaya dan Denpasar Raih Penghargaan Kota Layak Anak, \nviewed 19 October 2019, < https://www.suara.com/health/2019/07/30/054922/solo-\nsurabaya-dan-denpasar-raih-penghargaan-kota-layak-anak >. \n\nTribun news. 2019, Pemerintah Kota Denpasar Raih Penghargaan Kota Layak Kategori \nUtama, viewed 19 October 2019,  \n\n< https://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2019/07/28/pemerintah-kota-denpasar-raih-\npenghargaan-kota-layak-anak-kategori-utama >.", "start_char_idx": 27140, "end_char_idx": 28423, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6c2f8f72-f9a3-4ea9-801b-1e6e179c26f0": {"__data__": {"id_": "6c2f8f72-f9a3-4ea9-801b-1e6e179c26f0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3ae61d70-3454-4a08-9739-d07262c52662", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57284", "author": "Westerlaken, Rodney; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Darma Putra, I Nyoman", "title": " THE CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF SUBMITTING CHILDREN TO CHILD WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN DENPASAR CITY IN THE PERIOD 2006-2014", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57284.pdf"}, "hash": "8b32a6db51ba7c812d61274710a80091a944fe61cb8737ab8256d67e5e9a6c32", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8a539507-d717-404b-9902-3ee51d809c07", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "28f4fed7166f054b5f7b87f1651d2e752e0fdf99000b436dce14d310bc7ab9db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Agus Mursidi  final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\n \nIDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH \n\nSINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST \nJAVA \n\n \n \n\nAgus Mursidi1, Putu Rumawan Salain2, Anom Kumbara3, Ni Made Wiasti4 \n \n\n1PGRI Banyuwangi University, 2,3,4Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana \nUniversity \n\n \nemail: 1agusmursidi78@gmail.com, 2rumawansalain@yahoo.com, \n\n3anom_kumbara@unud.ac.id, 4mwiasti@yahoo.com \n  \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 08-03-2019 \nAccepted Date : 18-04-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2019 \n\n  \nABSTRACT \n\n \nThe implementation of education in Indonesia was mandated by the UUD 1945. The \n\nimplementation was carried out at the SMAN. Education policy in schools creates \ncontroversy as a form of impact on ideology of kiai. The policy deviation is in the form of \nchanges in school curriculum, differences in the learning process, and religion as a public \nhigh school identity. This study aims to: (1) find out the ideology of kiai in the dominance of \neducation in SMAN (2) knowing the practice ideology of kiai in SMAN (3) knowing the \nmeaning in the ideology of kiai at SMAN. This is a qualitative research with data obtained \nthrough interviews, observation, and document study. The results showed that (1) the \ndominance of kiai in education due to influence of historical factors in the establishment of \nSMAN, the role of school committees with most members of Islamic boarding schools, and \nthe political role of kiai (2) Ideology of kiai practices included the formation of superior \nclasses, curriculum changes school identity and extracurricular activities (3) the meaning \ncontained in the ideology of kiai in education at SMAN is a conflict of interest, emancipatory \neducation, economics, and the meaning of polarization. \n \nKeywords: Ideology, Kiai, SMAN \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTIONS  \n\nIdeology is a term to explain the existence of general ideas that have potential in \n\ncertain behavioral situations. An ideology spreads and works in influencing human behavior, \n\nas Terry Eagleton (1991: 56) argues that the spread of an ideology consists of rationalization, \n\nuniversalization, and naturalization. Ideology can be sourced from several aspects of life", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2560, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8a539507-d717-404b-9902-3ee51d809c07": {"__data__": {"id_": "8a539507-d717-404b-9902-3ee51d809c07", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6c2f8f72-f9a3-4ea9-801b-1e6e179c26f0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "b11df0543519a804ef1364994bc4fc5eeb8336387f8ecbd0ec66a041da0e8608", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fa5618a7-bc81-4ccb-80f1-cf854edd67ea", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b15f9be9b362bcd7836ab986f95fbb308fe8b1d905edaaa6650ef6a2f33a6fce", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\nincluding religion, customs, or culture which generally includes politics, economics, and \n\nsocial. This includes aspects of culture, there are discussions about education. Furthermore, \n\nindividual knowledge and experience about various aspects of life are internalized so as to \n\nproduce ideology (Tilaar, 2009: 168). Ideology in the field of religion is in the kiai, who are \n\npolitically kiai having power and strength. The ideological strength of the kiai can influence \n\nthe process of policy making in formal education. \n\nOrganizing Education in Indonesia is inseparable from policies made by the \n\ngovernment. The government's role in education is proven by the existence of UUD 1945 on \n\n31 paragraph (1) which reads: \"Every citizen has the right to receive teaching; paragraph (2) \n\nThe Government undertakes and organizes a national teaching system regulated by law. The \n\ngovernment also regulates education policies in Indonesia under the UU Republic of \n\nIndonesiaNo. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. The UU Sikdiknas \n\nregulates the terms of decentralization or regional autonomy. Strengthened by UU No. 22 of \n\n1999 is that the regions have an obligation to handle education whose signs have been \n\ndescribed in PP No. 25 of 2000 concerning the Authority of the Government and Provincial \n\nAuthority as an Autonomous Region. Changes in the education system carried out by the \n\ngovernment are inseparable from improving the quality of education in Indonesia. Aly (2011: \n\n77) explained the Regional Autonomy Law and government policies on improving the quality \n\nof education. \n\nImproving the quality of education with character in accordance with UU No. 20 of \n\n2003 was also implemented in Regency of Banyuwangi in the government of Samsul Hadi in \n\nthe period 2001-2005. This can be seen with the establishment of public public schools \n\nlocated in Islamic boarding schools. The establishment of public schools is supported through \n\nPerbup No. 38 of 2013 concerning the Implementation of Education in Education Units in \n\nLead of Islamic Boarding Schools in Regency of Banyuwangi. This regulation is an \n\nopportunity for public schools that can collaborate with Islamic boarding schools such as the \n\nestablishment of SMAN Darussholah singojuruh. One of them is the ease and increasing \n\nnumber of santri, the existence of a budget for Islamic boarding schools from East Java \n\nProvince in the form of regional School Operational Assistance (BOSDA), improvements to \n\nthe infrastructure of Islamic boarding schools more quickly, and the establishment of \n\nmemoranda of understanding. \n\nMemorandum of undestanding between the SMAN darussholah Singojuruh and the \n\nPondok Pesantren Darussholah Singojuruh as a form of the ideology of the kiai who entered", "start_char_idx": 2565, "end_char_idx": 5654, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fa5618a7-bc81-4ccb-80f1-cf854edd67ea": {"__data__": {"id_": "fa5618a7-bc81-4ccb-80f1-cf854edd67ea", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8a539507-d717-404b-9902-3ee51d809c07", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "a3a284a6630cba627d238e98b6024ad89bd64ee9c5bf29bafc686f4ab4a548f6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8445138e-6179-4eb8-90a7-620086042c51", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3fc606f19307e610cb23cafea6c4d26b3205b926c56fef0fb05cd55209141c64", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nthe field of education. Through the memorandum of understanding a brilliant class (KeCe) \n\nwas formed. KeCe is a class where students are required to stay mondok and get more \n\nreligius lessons from regular students. Not getting there, the ideology of the kiai indirectly \n\naffected the principal with school policies. The policy is a change in school curriculum. The \n\npower of kiai in education at the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh was strengthened when the \n\nprocess of recruiting non-permanent employees and teachers was carried out, where some \n\nwere people who had kinship relations and people close to kiai (Mursidi, 2015: 29). \n\nThe condition of the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh raises assumptions that can be \n\nseen through conflict theory perspectives, namely: first, with the inclusion of the kiai's ideology \n\nin public schools it can lead to conflict with teachers on the commitment of school education. \n\nSecond, there is emotional exhaustion in the teacher because of two different ideologies in \n\nthe school. Third, there is an indirect influence on role conflict with the implementation of fake \n\neducation implementation programs. This issue concerns the lack of authority of school \n\nprincipals in developing management of education in schools, including the limited space of \n\nmovement in utilizing educational resources allocated to schools (Brotosedjati, 2002: 6). \n\nThe idea of establishing a school in an Islamic boarding school environment needs to \n\nbe dismantled and rebuilt to obtain the expected education system. Derrida argues that \n\ndeconstruction is a way to identify kotradiction and even incontradictions in the text in order \n\nto gain a higher awareness of a meaning (Burhanudin 2015: 703). Various problems that \n\noccur as a form of power kiai to make a social change. ) No one can fight his power and \n\nauthority. Kiai does not dampen the consequences of the changes that have taken place, but \n\ninstead pioneers social change in its own way (Soebahar, 2013: 11). Referring to this, this \n\nstudy aims to (1) Know the existence of kiai ideology that dominates the administration of \n\neducation in SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh Regency of Banyuwangi; (2) Knowing the \n\nexistence of the ideological practices of kiai SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh Regency of \n\nBanyuwangi; and (3) Knowing the meaning contained in the ideology of scholars in SMAN \n\nDarussholah Singojuruh Regency of Banyuwangi. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThis research is qualitative research with the paradigm of cultural studies. The location \n\nof the study was conducted at SMAN darussholah Singojuruh, Subdistrict of Singojuruh, \n\nRegency of Banyuwangi, Province of East Java. The research data sources include \n\ndocuments, research results, mass media, principals of school, vice principals of school,", "start_char_idx": 5659, "end_char_idx": 8752, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8445138e-6179-4eb8-90a7-620086042c51": {"__data__": {"id_": "8445138e-6179-4eb8-90a7-620086042c51", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fa5618a7-bc81-4ccb-80f1-cf854edd67ea", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "cbb22d1e6a767222b89f1fe4e212e80398223f86da23bbb13c9e59f8bdb2ae1f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4d6d7fce-fe07-4806-8bb0-d64063f113aa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2b999d2e555fd7bfed7f47c58eda913fd7d11d06718ec00a8786572595e6bbf3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\nteachers, scholars, representatives of Islamic boarding schools, regular students and KeCe, \n\nand alumni. Data obtained through interviews, observation, and document study. Data is \n\ncollected through observation, interviews, and documentary studies. Data were analyzed \n\nthrough data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion (Miles and Huberman, 1992: 592). \n\n \n\nDISCCUSSION \n\nFactors in the ideology of kiai in SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh \n\nThe inclusion ideology of kiai in SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh as a form of reflection \n\nof relations between SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh and Pondok Pesantren Darussholah \n\nSingojuruh in the form of educational standardization. The ideology of the kiai created is \n\n\"Given\" (given and received) through a long process. In addition, the ideology of the kiai is \n\ninseparable from the game of power. The power game that took place as a determinant of \n\nthe continuity of relations between the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh and Pondok Pesantren \n\nDarussholah Singojuruh. Both have different ceilings and systems in all respects, but can and \n\ncan work together in collaborative educational social activities. In fact, it is not necessarily the \n\ntwo systems that have the same attitude and respect each other's opinions. This is based on \n\nthe view of Foucault (Bertens, 2013: 310-316) that power is everywhere so that wherever \n\nrelations or social relations there will always be efforts to master or dominate each other. \n\nThe power of kiai or hegemony arises from the history of the founding of the SMAN \n\nDarussholah Singojuruh where the clerics meet the school establishment committee so that \n\nit can be built in a boarding school. The establishment included the surrender of land claimed \n\nby the clerics to belong to the community. Through the political power possessed by the kiai, \n\nit gave an influence on the establishment of senior high school. Not getting there, the cleric \n\nalso included his ideology through the name of the school that was in accordance with the \n\nname of his Islamic boarding school.  \n\nTo perpetuate the ideology of the kiai through the power and politics that it has, the \n\nmajority of the school committee members are boarding schools and the education and \n\neducation personnel are still bound by the kiai family. The school policy made by the principal \n\nis also inseparable from the clerics. This is because it is related to the memorandum of \n\nunderstanding made by both parties. The memorandum of understanding forms a brilliant \n\nclass (KeCe) with the aim of forming students with critical, religious and resilient characters. \n\nHowever, KeCe is not a student with a high IQ but a student with the ability to stay and study \n\nextra religion. The formation of the class is the policy of the principal by reason of being a", "start_char_idx": 8757, "end_char_idx": 11859, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4d6d7fce-fe07-4806-8bb0-d64063f113aa": {"__data__": {"id_": "4d6d7fce-fe07-4806-8bb0-d64063f113aa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8445138e-6179-4eb8-90a7-620086042c51", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "888afb66ff8791c0cfa8c1696f861b01bd37fae45bcc3f1c596b7f73022bebfd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0c870c1b-c029-4f14-837e-c9324cdfb204", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5864514809af0bd3d7b9c4b72ca374b80ac73bb01f94130c679f471c62b7b963", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\nform of school identity in accordance with the regulation. The teacher must also refer to the \n\npolicy, even though the existing policy harms the teacher. The loss is in the form of reduction \n\nin subject hours due to curriculum adjustments. referring to this shows the leadership of the \n\nkiai eventually developed into arelationship patron client very close, where the authority of a \n\nlarge kiai (mother boarding school) is accepted in a wide area (Mardiyah, 2012: 57; Thoha, \n\n2003: 23)  \n\nWith the entry of the kiai ideology the school seemed to surrender and accept what it \n\nwas, even though unwittingly domination or hegemony was the one who had the power in it. \n\nThe kiai's hegemony is increasingly felt stronger by forming through the principal's policy \n\nthrough the Shining Class (KeCe). Power is understood and discussed as an influence owned \n\nby a person or institution to impose its will on others. Referring to this, power can be \n\ninterpreted in a repressive and sometimes more operative manner, dominating between \n\nsubject and object in maintaining power. As an example of this form of power includes the \n\npower of state leaders in society, kings to their people, husbands to wives, owners of capital \n\nto their employees, and kiai to their students (Kotarumalos and Bahasoan, 2014: 15). \n\n \n\nKiai's Ideology Practices at DarussholahSingojuruh \n\nThe class KeCe at SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh appear as a forum for new students \n\nwho enroll through the boarding school path, namely the Pondok Pesantren Darussholah \n\nSingojuruh. Students KeCe accept the learning process from two educational institutions \n\nnamely schools and boarding schools. Students are forced to accept subject matter from both \n\ninstitutions and all are generalized without an analysis of student characteristics first. \n\nStudents are one of the critical components that affect learning effectiveness. So, it takes a \n\nselection process that matches the competencies needed in educational achievement, to \n\nidentify students who have competencies in accordance with the expected achievements. \n\nSudaryono (2012: 56) states that to identify students who have talent and in accordance with \n\nthe competencies a method is needed. \n\nThe process of recruiting teachers for KeCe is in accordance with the needs of the \n\nschool both in terms of competence and scientific fields that are in accordance with the \n\nsubjects taught. However, the recruitment of teachers in sufficient competence for KeCe is \n\nappropriate. Or is the teacher who was appointed as an educator for KeCe having the right \n\ncompetence or just limited to facilitating it. Not to find a teacher is a teacher who is able to", "start_char_idx": 11864, "end_char_idx": 14840, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0c870c1b-c029-4f14-837e-c9324cdfb204": {"__data__": {"id_": "0c870c1b-c029-4f14-837e-c9324cdfb204", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4d6d7fce-fe07-4806-8bb0-d64063f113aa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "0e0593f8c76e7d318c7516e2d1f17dbafa3e5c8960e760727a4ac16c6512117a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "55746123-2f85-459a-bed6-2961b155aea1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "67b79f6c7777725ab2281ea2a15caeb5d70bc9ed833ae675488e0c4263d9d32f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nstimulate students to use what they have, both knowledge and experience so they can \n\nunderstand and interpret new knowledge and learning experiences (Mudjiman, 2006: 78). \n\nManagement of educational facilities and infrastructure is a process for procuring and \n\nsupervising certain objectives in education. If there is no management, the procurement, use, \n\nand maintenance of educational facilities and infrastructure will be less noticed by the parties \n\nof the educational institutions. The lack of attention is due to the number of students with \n\ndifferent means. So the phenomenon that will be discussed is how to improve the \n\nmanagement of educational facilities and infrastructure to improve the quality of learning in \n\nschools. \n\nThe implementation of education in SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh though as a \n\ncollaborative school but still refers to the national education curriculum. The curriculum used \n\nis a collaboration between the curriculum from the Ministry of Religion and the Ministry of \n\nNational Education. Collaborative curriculum cuts the hours of subjects such as sociology \n\nwhich should be two hours of lessons to one hours. Not only on sociology subjects but also \n\neconomics and geography. The ideology of the kiai does not work there, but the other policy \n\nis school uniform. School uniforms are compulsory for female students to wear long skirts \n\nand clothes with hijab, while for students using uniforms and long sleeves. Uniform use is \n\nrequired for all students without exception. So, for students who have a religion other than \n\nIslam, they are obliged with the uniform that has become the school's identity.  \n\n \n\nThe Meaning Contained in Kiai's Ideology in Darussholah High School Singojuruh \n\nAn educational process that is one of the most decisive factors and has an influence \n\non social change in society through education is expected to be able to produce future \n\ngenerations who have the character and are able to accept the national leadership. With the \n\ninclusion of the ideology of scholars in the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh can produce a \n\ngeneration that understands religion, but here it can be seen that in education at the SMAN \n\nDarussholah Singojuruh presents two imaginary op-bin that can be analyzed as the basis of \n\neach deconstruction on different issues. Op-bin imaginethe first r is binary kiai and binary, the \n\nsecond is SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh. \n\nThe ideology of the kiai in the education of the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh where \n\nthe meaning was based on the ideology of the kiai and the process of the ideology of the kiai \n\nwhich encouraged the power of kiai in the education of the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh. \n\nThe meaning of power also concerns the struggle of meaning related to intentional and / or", "start_char_idx": 14845, "end_char_idx": 17926, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "55746123-2f85-459a-bed6-2961b155aea1": {"__data__": {"id_": "55746123-2f85-459a-bed6-2961b155aea1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0c870c1b-c029-4f14-837e-c9324cdfb204", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "04e74a07f428cc4fd232a5a83c270aeab9fc969e98c74618f0c1c7bce5d80371", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d3e952fa-c9e9-4c04-aa4e-e631e64dd72b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8b24be8fd92b6a4f476e750d9c86fc729d0a40d25b61beb9662554a9d4794cca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\nconnectedness between the policies of SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh as a power strategy \n\nto improve the quality of education in the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh in economic, \n\ncultural, and especially ideological orientation, capitalism, noeuliberalism and values \n\ncontained in it. \n\nThe concept of interest is one of the basic concepts of the establishment of the SMAN \n\nDarussholah Singojuruh and is absolutely necessary in the development of Islamic boarding \n\nschools. The concept of interest makes people take action and with the interest of making \n\npeople able to supply energy (strength) and make people rise from sleep and work hard \n\nthroughout the day. Through the concept of interest it helps to explain the conflicts that arise \n\nwhen there is a conflict of interest. These conflicts can take place in one's mind, between \n\nindividuals, groups, and society. But the concept of interest not only collides and moves \n\nactors, the concept of interest can also hinder one another, strengthen one another, or \n\nparalyze the actor, for example the formation of several religions or politics that support \n\ntradition.  \n\nAn action taken by the clerics at the establishment of SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh \n\nwas an exclusive action driven by the concept of the development of Islamic boarding schools \n\nand economic motives and / or hopes for the existence of SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh to \n\nincrease the number of students and the development of the Pondok Pesantren Darussholah \n\nSingojuruh. Socially oriented actions are actions taken by kiai for economic interests oriented \n\nto other actors. Another actor in this case is the Darussholah State High School Singojuruh. \n\nThe formation of other actors is a form of concrete action taken by the kiai at the instigation \n\nof economic, traditional and emotional interests. \n\nViewed from the perspective of critical theories, the existence of SMAN Darussholah \n\nSingojuruh in education is an arena of battle discourse between the dominant group and \n\nsubordinate groups. The dominant group in question is the kiai and the subordinate group is \n\nthe Darussholah State High School Singojuruh. Kiai as the dominant group made the Shining \n\nClass program (KeCe borders preference) whichon the community's to support the existence \n\nof the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh and its opposing group represented by teachers of Civil \n\nServants (PNS) who are educational and intellectual activists under the auspices of the \n\ngovernment, civil society who are critical of the existence of the SMAN Darussholah \n\nSingojuruh. The dominant and subordinate groups discuss each other through the hegemonic \n\nand symbolic power they have to legitimize their position. Those who predominantly produce \n\northodox are discourses which are considered abash  (doxa) and strengthen their dominant", "start_char_idx": 17931, "end_char_idx": 21050, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d3e952fa-c9e9-4c04-aa4e-e631e64dd72b": {"__data__": {"id_": "d3e952fa-c9e9-4c04-aa4e-e631e64dd72b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "55746123-2f85-459a-bed6-2961b155aea1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "7521f936def6f97c93da01a7098aa45b47ada9c2af28aa77b165fc37d74d17dc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d7b89c4d-35ae-447e-b407-f01bdfa797c5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "75cce4fa11c430822d896597af37812851bc24b94040baa4a584b48e30e9c703", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nposition, while agents in the subrodinic position try to produce heterodox, which is a discourse \n\nthat opposes doxa. Discourse as praxis is the dialectic between habitus and domain \n\n(Bourdieu 1991: 239). \n\nSMAN Darussholah Singojuruh appeared in a cultural vacuum so that in its founding \n\nthere were socio-cultural motives to prepare students to become citizens who understood \n\nreligion. Economically and politically, the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh is an important \n\neducation for cultural diplomacy and an increase in the welfare of the citizens of interest. \n\nIslamic boarding schools such as Tebu Ireng and Darussalam have long made education one \n\nof the sources of economic income for Islamic boarding schools and surrounding residents. \n\nSuch as Al-Olives and Ibrahimi Islamic Boarding Schools also include the production of \n\nIslamic boarding education services patterned on the ideology of kiai in Indonesia. Thus it is \n\nnot surprising that the education sector is one of the commodities in the General Agreement \n\non Trede In Services (GATS). \n\nThe use of the label KeCe and the Kitab Kuning subjects are more symbolic and \n\nprestige play. This is supported by one of the orientations of SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh, \n\nnamely non-academic achievements such as the Al-Qur'an reading contest and the yellow \n\nbook reading competition, which are basically not the substance of quality education in Public \n\nHigh Schools. Habitus and the ideology of the educational community further highlight the \n\nimage and social prestige associated with the label KeCe. Through this happens mercantilise \n\nknowledge, namely a commodification of knowledge in various forms of commodification \n\ndiscourse and commercial appear in the education system. So that social functions and \n\nproductive roles and the value of educational humanism (Piliang, 2004: 361-362).  \n\nThe reality of the weakness of the teacher's position in the implementation of \n\neducation and its relationship with school discourse in the Islamic boarding school \n\nenvironment. The demand for teacher professionalism is higher. Because it cannot be denied \n\nthat the teacher is a very decisive actor in the education process. The low quality of teacher \n\neducation is claimed to be the main cause of the low quality of education. Although the main \n\ncauses of low education are not solely caused by teachers, but the quality of teachers is \n\nconsidered to have a major contribution to the condition (Winingsih, 2013: 580). This is \n\nbecause the teacher is the main component or actor who has a strategic role in influencing \n\nthe learning process and the quality of students, which in turn will affect the quality of \n\neducation in general (Unesco, 2011: 6).", "start_char_idx": 21055, "end_char_idx": 24076, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d7b89c4d-35ae-447e-b407-f01bdfa797c5": {"__data__": {"id_": "d7b89c4d-35ae-447e-b407-f01bdfa797c5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d3e952fa-c9e9-4c04-aa4e-e631e64dd72b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "70394752a7c092c2b17e97b79e274e37b4dfc282f9ecc2055404361c48663f78", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a124881f-c8ce-490c-88bf-518996fc38c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3b4110044ef10ad0cc692a5cd2a96adb05465d4f96b6f48ecbc2a53fa227fa94", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nThe implementation of the education process at SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh is an \n\nIndonesian system with a structured style of colonial education polarization, this can be seen \n\nfrom the implementation of education in the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh based on the \n\ncontrol of Islamic boarding schools in such a way as to form a game and contestation system. \n\nSo that SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh in the implementation of education with the tradition \n\nof boarding schools entered and penetrated the dimensions of learning processes that have \n\nbeen determined by the government. The tradition is \"sungkem\" which is a form of gratitude \n\nthrough submission and obedience to people who are respected. Through this tradition, the \n\nscholars are used to hegemony teachers, school principals, school committees and guardians \n\nof students. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION  \n\nFirst, the discourse of the domination of kiai in education is inseparable from the \n\nhistorical process of the establishment of the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh which was \n\ninfluenced by the kiai. The influence of the kiai's ideology and politics has slowly led to the \n\ndevelopment of the education system in SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh. The development \n\nof the education system at SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh can be done because of the other \n\nsupport, namely the school committee. School committee support for the development of the \n\neducation system can be fulfilled because most of the members come from boarding schools. \n\nThe teacher also has the role of providing strength in the process of dominating the kiai in the \n\nSMAN Darussholah Singojuruh.  \n\nSecondly, the ideology of the kiai in SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh is seen from the \n\nformation of the Excellent Class (KeCe). The formation of KeCe as a form of discourse of \n\npower relations or knowledge by intellectuals. The ideological discourse of the kiai and the \n\npolitics of education operates through a memorandum of understanding between the SMAN \n\nDarussholah Singojuruh and the Pondok Pesantren Darussholah Singojuruh. The ideological \n\ndiscourse of the kiai supported by religious institutions, namely the Darussholah Islamic \n\nBoarding School in Singojuruh, seemed to be not neutral from a personal interest. The \n\ninfluence can be seen through the concept and implementation that are influenced by the \n\nideology of the kiai is curriculum integration. In addition to the integrity of the curriculum, \n\nthere are also differences in extracurricular activities in schools. Not only stopped there, the \n\nformation and strengthening of Islamic identity in school became a motive. The motive is to \n\nbuild an image in the community that the SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh is a religious school.", "start_char_idx": 24081, "end_char_idx": 27097, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a124881f-c8ce-490c-88bf-518996fc38c7": {"__data__": {"id_": "a124881f-c8ce-490c-88bf-518996fc38c7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d7b89c4d-35ae-447e-b407-f01bdfa797c5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "fcffcd993aaf8aa760259c3e913b95c42eb7c2107552039eaafb75aa90d7636c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3d8bc340-69c6-4e78-b668-f6c9e46718f9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7bbc4e2075b1afe0ae15a764147b3d0596dc23aabc6d3195fb78cbf465b02823", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\nThird, the meaning contained in the kiai ideology is that ideological disorientation is \n\ncarried out through the ideological meaning of the kiai in a conflict of interest towards the \n\nestablishment of SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh in a boarding school. The conflict of interest \n\nof the kiai through the establishment of the school is more towards the continuity of the \n\nsuccess of the Islamic boarding school. The meaning of emancipatory education is seen by \n\nthe emergence of KeCe which aims to shape students to develop into critical, creative, \n\nindependent and characterized human beings. The meaning of economy can be seen from \n\nthe improvement that occurred along with the increasing number of santri in the Pondok \n\nPesantren Darussholah Singojuruh. All of that can happen through perpetuation with \n\nthepolarization system sungkem. Sungkem meant that the education process that took place \n\nat SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh must be obedient and obedient to the understanding made \n\nby both parties, namely between the school and the boarding school.  \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n \nAly, Abdullah. (9011). Pendidikan Multikultural Di Pesantren (Telaah Terhadap Kurikulum \n\nPondok Pesantren Modern Islam Assalam Surakarta). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. \n\nBertens, K. (2013). Etika. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre . (1991).  Languange and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press. \n\nBrotosedjati, Soebagyo. (2002). Kebijakan Pemerintah Propinsi Jawa Tengah Dibidang \nPendidikan Dalam Era Otonomi Daerah, Makalah Seminar Revitalisasi Pendidikan \nDasar Dan Menengah. Magelang: Univ. Muhammadiyah Magelang.  \n\nBurhanuddin, Hamam. (2015). Dekontruksi Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun Tentang Pendidikan. \nJurnal Edukasi. Vol. 03. No. 01. Juni. \n\nEagleton, Terry. (1991). Ideology: An Introduction. London and New York: Longman. \n\nKotarumalos, Amir Faizal dan Bahasoan, Aminah. (2014). Praktek Relasi Wacana dan Kuasa \nFoucaltdian dalam Realias Multi Profesi di Indonesia. Populis. Vol. 8. No.1: 13 \u2013 22.  \n\nMardiyah. (2012). Kepemimpinan Kiai Dalam Memelihara Budaya Organisasi. Malang: Aditya \nMedia Publishing. \n\nMiles, Matthew. B. Dan Huberman, Michael, A. (1992).  Analisis Data Kualitatif, Buku Sumber \nTentang Metode \u2013 Metode Baru Terj. Tjetjep Rohendo Rohidi. Jakarta: UI Press. \n\nMudjiman, Haris. (2006). Belajar Mandiri. Surakarta: UNS Press.", "start_char_idx": 27103, "end_char_idx": 29741, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3d8bc340-69c6-4e78-b668-f6c9e46718f9": {"__data__": {"id_": "3d8bc340-69c6-4e78-b668-f6c9e46718f9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57285", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "569562c97d5df0c611505a7978535717076d716f4e93e57bd991a267a363e85a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a124881f-c8ce-490c-88bf-518996fc38c7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "7ba7f8d01e10a63f5a9b4d214c9fd953691d90756a66d679cd2628dd1aa2e23b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8843a3ce-dbdf-4d80-85c5-e974294fa09e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f849dbb582a1d488f917b942a86752b158934e560d91013738fbdb4c88088761", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 21-31   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\nMursidi, Agus. (2015). Wacana Kuasa dan Hegemoni: Kiai Pada Sekolah Menengah Atas \nNegeri Kolaborasi dengan Pondok Pesantren. Jurnal Vidya Samhita. Vol. I. \n\nPeraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 Tahun 2000 Tentang Kewenangan \nPemerintah Dan Kewenangan Propinsi Sebagai Daerah Otonom Online: \n.https://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/bsnp/PP25-2000Daerah Otonom.pdf Diakses: 13 \nMaret 2016. \n\nPeraturan Bupati Nomor 38 Tahun 2013 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Pada Satuan \nPendidikan di Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Pemangku di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. \nOnline: http://www.kabbanyuwangi.jdih. jatimprov.go.id. Diakses: 15 November 2016. \n\nPiliang, Y. A. (2004). Dunia Yang Dilipat. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nSoebahar, Abdul Halim. (2013). Modernisasi Pesantren; Studi Transformasi Kepemimpinan \nKiai dan Sistem Pendidikan Pesantren. Yogyakarta: LkiS. \n\nSudaryono. (2012). Dasar \u2013 Dasar Evaluasi Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.  \n\nThoha, Zainal Arifin. (2003). Runtuhnya Singgasana NU. Yogyakarta: Kutub. \n\nTilaar, H.A.R. (2009). Manajemen Pendidikan Nasional: Kajian Pendidikan Masa Depan. \nJakarta: Remaja Rosdakarya. \n\nUNESCO.  (2011). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Online, \nhttps://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000212715.  Diakses: 22 Januari 2018. \n\nUndang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. \nOnline: http://kambing.ui.ac.id/onnopurbo/oraridiklat/pemula/ peraturan/P2%20-\n%20UU%2022%20-%201999.pdf. Diakses: 23 November 2017. \n\nUndang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Online: \nhttps://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/UUD1945.pdf. Diakses: 27 Maret 2018. \n\nUndang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan \nNasional. Online: http://pendis.kemenag.go.id/file/dokumen. Diakses: 25 November \n2017.  \n\nWiningsih. Lucia H. (2013). Peran Pemerintah Daerah, LPMP dan P4TK Dalam \nMeningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Vol. 19. \nNomor 4. Desember 2013 Diakses: Pebruari 2017.", "start_char_idx": 29746, "end_char_idx": 32073, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8843a3ce-dbdf-4d80-85c5-e974294fa09e": {"__data__": {"id_": "8843a3ce-dbdf-4d80-85c5-e974294fa09e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3d8bc340-69c6-4e78-b668-f6c9e46718f9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57285", "author": "Mursidi, Agus; Rumawan Salain, Putu; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wiasti, Ni Made", "title": " IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH \u2013 BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57285.pdf"}, "hash": "7d715334b75c9c1b55a1290a5d14ed556e69b10f0b1a9bc31bc9790118b40f33", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e4f763d4-f3e4-4f5e-aa5a-ef32694d66f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a3eb424cedd38e7c57b8255695e00ea2f1316f91ea0c00f860dbd091da978c26", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Sri Martini  final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\n \nPHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE \n\nIN MANADO CITY  \n \n \n\nSri Martini1, I Wayan Cika2, I Nyoman Suarka, M.Hum3 \nI Ketut Setiawan, M.Hum4 \n\n \n\n1STIP Manado, 2,3,4Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University \n \n\nemail: 1tirza.martini@gmail.com, 2nyoman_suarka@unud.ac.id, 3cika.wayan@yahoo.com,  \n4s2kjbdyunud@yahoo.com \n\n  \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 08-03-2019 \nAccepted Date : 18-04-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2019 \n\n  \n \n\nABSTRACT \n \n\nThe type of food served at lunar celebrations in Manado city has a distinctive flavor, color \ncolor, is seen to contain the meaning of Filososfis for the life of Chinese people. That is, which \nlater became a fascination in this study. The purpose of this research is to uncover the Filofis \nmeaning of the food sundries served in lunar celebrations. Data collection methods are \nperformed with observations of participation and interviews in depth. Data analysis \ntechniques are done qualitatively.  The research conclusion that the type of food presented \nin the lunar celebration contains philosophical meaning for the human life of matching and \nrelated to the hope for goodness, the coming of fortune, prosperity, and health that is to be \nachieved by In the celebration, both individually and in the family. \n \nKeywords: Lunar celebrations, food offerings, philosophical meanings, good wishes \n  \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nFood is a fundamental necessity for mankind. In addition to the fulfillment of physical \n\nneeds, food is also a major part such as: Perhelatan, Worship, a religious celebration that \n\nmakes a menu of certain foods that are presented on the religious day become an important \n\nelement. Like other religious celebrations, the lunar celebrations are also not separated from \n\nthe food as a special dish. \n\nThe ethnic Chinese presence in Manado City complements the diversity of cultures, \n\nlanguages, and religions. The local ethnic warm greeting in ethnic Chinese is seen in their \n\nenthusiasm when ethnic Chinese celebrate lunar.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2400, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e4f763d4-f3e4-4f5e-aa5a-ef32694d66f2": {"__data__": {"id_": "e4f763d4-f3e4-4f5e-aa5a-ef32694d66f2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8843a3ce-dbdf-4d80-85c5-e974294fa09e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "74d9b3e77051629601d2cdef2aa4cb5e2317dc3e5d1aaada443c7be73dde6330", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9c94b949-3d49-4bdf-84ce-7f64f9b9b3bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "49749c94b7e8339a0c4ecdcc21ac7198721bb831f3281b0e7d3f3457cc194f00", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\nThe people of Manado have known the lunar celebrations as Chinese/Chinese New \n\nYear celebrations. As is generally the celebration of religious holidays, the lunar celebrations \n\ndo not escape the distinctive dish of food. \n\nDishes according to KBBI something served, the form of food, drink (KBBI, 1995). \n\nFood that characterizes and can be found in lunar celebrations in the city of Manado is served \n\nfor brothers and visiting guests. In general, the dishes are also the main dish at the prayer \n\ntable, which is served for Thian (the name of God in Manadarin) and Sin Beng (ancestral \n\nspirits) as an expression of respect and gratitude for the Lunar New Year. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\n Data collection in this study using interviews and observation techniques for \n\nparticipation in Chinese lunar celebrations in Manado city. The informant technique is done \n\nin purposive and SnoBall. Data analysis methods are done in a qualitative descriptive.  \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n1. The celebration of Chinese lunar Day in Manado   \n\nThe celebration of Chinese New Year or Xinjia which is always characterized by a \n\nspecial natural cycle, such as: Continuous rain fall and big winds. The people of Manado will \n\nalways associate the rainy season with the advent of lunar celebrations. The people of \n\nManado will speak as follows. \n\nThe Lunar day Ujang for Chinese dong that blessing, so the taste things klo Chinese \n\nNyandak ada Ujang. \n\nMeans: \n\nThe rainy lunar feast for those Chinese people is a blessing, strange if the lunar no \n\nrain. \n\nIn addition, the lunar celebration itself, characterized by the presence of special \n\ntrinkets that can be seen in almost all the shops in the city of Manado. For ethnic Chinese, \n\nlunar celebrations are the earliest series of the religious celebrations of Tri Dharma Buddhists \n\nfollowed by the celebration of Cap Go Meh. Then, arrive at the summit of the celebration, the \n\npresence of the ritual procession TPK. Ethnic Chinese express the excitement of the lunar \n\ncelebration in the hopes that have been extended to each prayer in the family temple and in \n\nsome T. I Temples . TD (Place of worship of Tri Dharma) in Manado.", "start_char_idx": 2405, "end_char_idx": 4866, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9c94b949-3d49-4bdf-84ce-7f64f9b9b3bb": {"__data__": {"id_": "9c94b949-3d49-4bdf-84ce-7f64f9b9b3bb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e4f763d4-f3e4-4f5e-aa5a-ef32694d66f2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "bf00288ede20f079c2d93006ee8a785f4779089410c1c9b117aec2320757974d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ce73fbf4-165e-4ead-836a-b32c34cb998c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2b4f4a31618a37b8952e0f9ca837acda47449d5f05c3ff4c8333ee4fb53098a8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\nCelebrating the Lunar New Year for ethnic Chinese is an expression of joy, because \n\nin their belief, the lunar day is the celebration of the newly-established years and encourages \n\nthe birth of the spirit to welcome new expectations. This lunar celebration, is also an important \n\nmoment to the birth of harmony of life, creating harmony, and harmony. The lunar celebration \n\nof the Chinese ethnic groups in Manado is the creation of unity. Lunar celebrations can bridge \n\na variety of differences, religious differences and beliefs between ethnic Chinese and other \n\nethnics in the city of Manado. \n\nRealization of the creation of togetherness between one and another happens in \n\nsocial activities, there is a relationship between brothers.  The elder brother usually gets a \n\nvisit from his younger siblings regardless of religious differences and beliefs among them. In \n\nthe event that there is only sharing the excitement in the form of a meal together, share the \n\nstory of life experiences and offer one another prayers and congratulations to each other. Not \n\nmuch different from the celebrations of religious holidays such as Idhul Fitri and Natal. The \n\nevent of a gathering of tolerance is also inherent in the celebration of Lunar day. This can be \n\nseen when relatives, relatives, and colleagues with different religious background and beliefs \n\nvisit the family celebrating the lunar year, there will be a special type of dishes presented. For \n\nexample, the host serves chicken and fish dishes as a substitute for pork. For guests who are \n\nnot allowed to eat pork. \n\n \n\n2. Myths Inherent in Chinese Lunar New Year \n\nAs a religious celebration owned by ethnic Chinese, the lunar city of Manado is not \n\nseparated from various myths. Aaron confirms that: Myth is a sacred story placed in a different \n\nage with the time of the storybook, while expressing understanding of reality explains how \n\ncustomary the people's Customs of the Storybook (Aaron: 1998). Some other myths found in \n\nlunar celebrations are the inherent belief in various color alloys in the ornaments used for \n\nlunar celebrations. Red and golden yellow on lanterns that decorate Chinese ethnic houses, \n\nshops, and shrines symbolize something and have certain philosophical meanings. \n\nIn connection with the celebration of Lunar feast which begins on the first day of the \n\nfirst month called as Zh\u0113ng yu\u00e8. Then, end with Cap Go's celebration meh. New Year's Eve \n\nbefore the Lunar New Year celebration is known as Ch\u00fax\u012b which means as a night of turnover. \n\nThe celebration of lunar holidays in Manado in 2019 falls on 5 February. \n\nSome other myths are also part of the celebration of Lunar New Year celebrations. A \n\nmyth originating from China as an ancestor of ethnic Chinese in Manado city. The myth is", "start_char_idx": 4871, "end_char_idx": 7964, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ce73fbf4-165e-4ead-836a-b32c34cb998c": {"__data__": {"id_": "ce73fbf4-165e-4ead-836a-b32c34cb998c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9c94b949-3d49-4bdf-84ce-7f64f9b9b3bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "e7e60b28e9601c8e63026167a9a4b5bfb2053c815580639730ef221571ecac98", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a683f8f9-4c96-42cf-9b5f-587ee119509f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "73db7f91d503d18164bd62737ad578259f5a9be7666aec4b4a25ab72d21cfa17", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n35 \n \n\nadopted and retained as a legend. At first, the myth that is in the lunar celebration speaks of \n\na wicked creature named Ni\u00e1n (\u5e74) as an evil figure who has a gigantic character and makes \n\nhumans one of its prey.  \n\nSome have dubbed Ni\u00e1n (\u5e74) as human eaters from the mountains (or in other forms \n\nof hikayat, creatures originating from the underwater), which appear at the end of winter. Its \n\npresence to eat crops, livestock even villagers. Then there is a population effort to protect \n\nthemselves from the threat of Nian. Then, villagers put food on their doorstep at the beginning \n\nof the year.  \n\nPutting food on the doorway as trusted offerings can distract Nian so that villagers and \n\npet animals and their crops will be spared from the blindness of the Nian creatures.  At one \n\ntime, there was a miracle found by local villagers. They see that Nian runs frightened after \n\nmeeting a young child dressed in a red dress. Then, the inhabitants believed and concluded \n\nthat Nian was actually afraid of red, so that every lunar new year would come the inhabitants \n\nhung the lanterns and red paper rolls in windows and doors and use fireworks to To scare \n\nthe Nian. Nian's expulsion activities evolved into terms used during New Year celebrations \n\nas Gu\u00f2 Ni\u00e1n.  \n\nBased on the myth, the celebration of lunar holidays in Manado is also influenced by \n\nthe dominance of red and golden yellow. It appears on lanterns with golden yellow strokes \n\nand the lanterns decorate the Chinese ethnic houses, shops, and shrines. The flare of \n\nfireworks to various sounds of firecrackers thundered into the distinctive look of the lunar \n\ncelebrations in the city of Manado. The red and golden yellow color is the distinctive color that \n\nis coloring the lunar feast day \n\n \n\n3. Sundries about lunar celebration in Manado city \n\nSeluruh umat klenteng T.I.TD dan etnis Tionghoa yang merayakan tahun baru China \n\nor lunar in general before the lunar celebration, also respects the celebration of Ch\u00fax\u012b, the \n\nnight of the turn of the year before the lunar celebration. The celebration of lunar holidays \n\nbegins on the first day of the first month, they refer to it as Zh\u0113ng yu\u00e8 and will then end with \n\nCap Go Meh celebrations. \n\nThe celebration of lunar holidays in Manado in 2019 fell on 5 February. In fact, the \n\ncelebration of Lunar feast is a thanksgiving for all the large families manifested by having \n\nprayers/joint prayer for the ancestors or by ethnic Chinese called the Sin Beng, the \n\nThanksgiving that occurs in the Chinese state refers to the celebration of the spring, the", "start_char_idx": 7969, "end_char_idx": 10853, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a683f8f9-4c96-42cf-9b5f-587ee119509f": {"__data__": {"id_": "a683f8f9-4c96-42cf-9b5f-587ee119509f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ce73fbf4-165e-4ead-836a-b32c34cb998c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "2870494277b6dfec14f926ec1bce5de98888b46a8c56cb564619ffe6cb908445", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "515bceea-1e22-4e3e-b629-5188ab65c76c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "372ec04ea1bca91effd4831869381e233f5d49dadb23edc95c69bbcd89976ba8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n36 \n \n\nseason of excitement after being overwhelmed by the thick snow that comes in the winter. \n\nSpring becomes the beginning of the journey of the life of residents, Thanksgiving season \n\nbecause the farmers can immediately grow crops, to prepare themselves to welcome the \n\nbeauty. Their excitement is expressed by cleaning the house, improving the environment of \n\nresidence and places of worship.  \n\nAll of these activities were adopted by ethnic Chinese in the city of Manado, namely \n\nin the presence of several rituals that must be done before lunar holidays, such as tidying up \n\nand cleaning houses and houses of worship, improving the parts of houses and houses of \n\nworship, decorate homes and houses of worship with ornaments dominated by red and \n\ngolden yellow.  \n\nThe ancestral tradition of home cleaning remained firmly held by the Chinese \n\ncommunity in Manado City. The house cleaning tradition is interpreted as a way to clear the \n\nunfavorable misfortune or fate of the house dwellers and is expected at the time of the turn \n\nof the year can be forgotten, there is a desire and hope that welcomes the new year with new \n\nhope and can achieve good luck. The result of the interview with a Sie spirituality at Kwan \n\nKong temple, Johan Rawung (49 years old) said various activities before welcoming Chinese. \n\n\"The welcome preparation is usually done a month before lunar celebrations, for those \n\nwho are able to replace household furniture can be done but for most families only clean and \n\ntidy the house into a part of the welcome ritual of lunar day. Not forced to always replace the \n\nfurniture, but the most important decoration is cleanliness\". (Interview on January 22, 2019). \n\n \n\nThe above narrative was also strengthened by the interview with a youth activist of \n\nBHK Temple, Indra (26 years old) about various welcome preparations of the coming of \n\nChinese day. \n\n\"Bites ordinary Manimpang, Bekeng clean House, if there doi, can be renovation mo, \n\nor BA paint, ba buy le tu new furniture, mar Nyandak There is the coercion kwa musti \n\nCustomize Deng Bites PE economic ability\". \n\nThe above speech can be interpreted as follows. \n\n \"We are regular tidying up, cleaning up the house, if there is money, a biased \n\nrenovating or painting houses, buying also new furniture, but no coercion but must be adapted \n\nto our economic capabilities\". \n\nCleaning and renovation is not only done at home, but also in the temple of Tri Dharma \n\nin Manado city, such as: In the Temple of Kwan Kong, the temple of Ban Hin Kiong, and other", "start_char_idx": 10858, "end_char_idx": 13705, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "515bceea-1e22-4e3e-b629-5188ab65c76c": {"__data__": {"id_": "515bceea-1e22-4e3e-b629-5188ab65c76c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a683f8f9-4c96-42cf-9b5f-587ee119509f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "947506a1a91ce12020fed8402f1e191a94248f406635ab2f7d65d785e7f865ad", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b5b90be5-6eff-49c5-bbbe-b3d35df9da77", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "66e69208cb9ce2f81f501502ff67f8ac9f69a1c976288c8624f461c37472f7e1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n37 \n \n\ntemples so that when the lunar feast there is a new nuance felt. The readiness to welcome \n\nthe lunar is done in the family by preparing a clean, neat, and beautiful home that is the first \n\nstep to welcoming the coming of the good day;  sustainable sustenance; Prosperity that \n\ncontinues to overflow;  Health and safety, the good will come in large families. That is a form \n\nof hope that is always missed. A essence of hope of ethnic Chinese in welcoming and \n\ncelebrating the lunar day. \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 1. Building, maintaining the Kwan Kong temple and Ban Hin Kiong Temple towards \n\nlunar year 2019 \n\nPhoto courtesy of: Sri Martini Private Document 2019. \n\n \n\nAnother thing that is done in the family is to implement Ash table cleaning, Ling Wei (a wooden \n\nplank sheet written by the name of the deceased ancestor), having pilgrimage and cleared \n\nthe ancestral tomb, visiting the house of Ashes Actualisation of reverence and a sign of \n\nrevenge on ancestors. Having a gala dinner for the spirits of the ancestors or also called the \n\nSin Beng by presenting a variety of delicacies that are loved by the ancestors in their lifetime.  \n\nServing a delicious meal for the Sin Beng by children and grandchildren is considered the joy \n\nand happiness that is felt when welcoming the Lunar New Year. The same is also experienced \n\nby the ancestors in nature. In the moment it also held the burning of Jin Zhi (the money of the \n\nSpirit), Zhi Zha (clothing, home-Home, Mobil-mobilan), as a sign of devotion and reply to what \n\nhis parents had done to his children. However, in lunar celebrations there is a uniqueness \n\nthat is inversely proportional to the tradition of home cleaning, namely in the celebration of \n\nthe day \"H\" is no longer allowed to sweep the house. This is related to the belief that the \n\ncleaning of the house that is done on the right of the lunar day is meant as an act that can \n\nclean all the sustenance, goodness and prosperity that has come in the house. As well as", "start_char_idx": 13710, "end_char_idx": 16000, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b5b90be5-6eff-49c5-bbbe-b3d35df9da77": {"__data__": {"id_": "b5b90be5-6eff-49c5-bbbe-b3d35df9da77", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "515bceea-1e22-4e3e-b629-5188ab65c76c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "969d5f72e7d043b8a13a4e209882ab316f72d42e81874bc606c82f013a22c182", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3739cd5c-ea58-4a02-afd8-4962145f8078", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c02a483ebd8725b1d18cfa8254acb9522cdf547fe672f1660625c08a8242b2a9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n38 \n \n\nhow to eat food served at the dining table, the dishes served are not allowed to be spent at \n\nthe time. There should be food left over. This relates to the belief containing connotations in \n\ncontact with the notion that sustenance is not to be spent in an instant, but there must be a \n\nleft to be saved until there is a provision for the entire family. \n\n \n\n4. Philosophical meaning behind various Chinese dishes \n\nhe thing that is not less interesting on the Lunar New Year celebrations in the city of \n\nManado is colored by the presentation of various dishes are delicious. Various food dishes \n\nare usually brought to the shrine as a family offering to the Thian and the sin Beng or better \n\nknown as offerings. In connection with the offerings (Koentjaraningrat: 2002) confirms that \n\nthe offerings are one of the means in the ritual that cannot be left to be presented at the \n\nmoment. Offerings are a feast of various means, such as: Flowers, frankincense, money \n\nRecehan, and food, so that spirits do not disturb and obtain salvation. The offerings at home \n\nby the family also offered a variety of meals for the ancestors (Sin Beng).  \n\nThe family also prepares a variety of food that will be eaten together with the entire \n\ncore family and the relatives who come in. The tradition of visiting each other became a \n\nmeeting event for colleagues and friends to be and increasingly lively with a variety of \n\ntraditional Chinese food served at the dining table. Some of the compulsory food served at \n\nthe lunar celebration itself has a philosophy that is believed by ethnic Chinese people in \n\nManado city. The dishes provided in welcoming Chinese lunar celebrations consist of a \n\nvariety of Chinese-style cakes, dishes with animal menus, fruits, long-life noodles, some \n\nsweets, and soups that are typically served. Various dishes are mandatory food that \n\ncharacterizes the lunar celebration.  The presence of various variants of these foods becomes \n\nsignificant to ethnic Chinese. This is because every dish served always contains a \n\nphilosophical meaning that is believed and useful for the continuity of the perpetration of the \n\nculprit. \n\n The Chinese celebration of Manado is colored by various dishes that have been \n\nadapted to the situation and conditions. All adapted to the economic capabilities of local \n\nChinese society. This is a factor that affects the changing menu of dishes for the Thian and \n\nthe Sin Beng. The rules of the food presentation presented in the lunar calendar are not the \n\nsame as the food of Chinese ancestral land in China. This is a description of the interview \n\nwith a speaker, Jerry 50 year January 24, 2019", "start_char_idx": 16005, "end_char_idx": 18968, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3739cd5c-ea58-4a02-afd8-4962145f8078": {"__data__": {"id_": "3739cd5c-ea58-4a02-afd8-4962145f8078", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b5b90be5-6eff-49c5-bbbe-b3d35df9da77", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "f7478f803c365f4d7ad830bafcedb14dc8f3bfb83f68e26520edc4c64d70ccb5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "93fdc285-8c11-4afb-9d7b-97490b30809c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fca10c2421bbed75b7ede8ec560c5be7b4d727a58bf6890325dbdb21a8309eb0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n39 \n \n\nChinese dishes so adapted to the ability of bites economics, Nyandak there is an \n\nelement bapaksa for MO Presents, customize the bites PE materials that exist.  \n\nTuturan is interpreted as follows. \n\nThe dish is adjusted to our economic ability (people who celebrate the lunar), there is \n\nno element of compulsion in presenting it, adjusted also with the availability of materials \n\naround us. \n\nReferring to the speech in the interview then the Chinese community in Manado City \n\ncan be found facts related to the presentation of various cakes, such as: Lapis legit can be \n\nreplaced with cake balapis (lapis), as well as special cakes in the city Manado, such as: Nasi \n\nJaha, Polote (cupcakes), which looks no longer should be pink or dark red but there is also a \n\nchocolate because the mixture is brown sugar. All with rice flour, my cake, kuebasket based \n\non glutinous flour, brown sugar and coconut milk, and spices. \n\n Basket cakes are an icon for ethnic Chinese, and people outside the ethnic Chinese. \n\nManado City community is no stranger with pastries, such as: Polote Beng, Balapis, my cake \n\nbecause these cakes can be found in everyday life and are always available in traditional \n\nmarkets and pastry shops. The other uniqueness in the process of making a basket cake is \n\na long time \u00b1 6 \u2013 10 hours, hard work and persistence because at the time of its creation, \n\nstirring the cake dough basket must be patient patiently. When the process of making basket \n\ncake baskets can not speak coarse and the fruit until the basket cake thick textured, sticky, \n\nsweet.  Kue lapis or by the people of Manado better known as a baltherapist cake made from \n\na variety of basic ingredients that use variations of flour. Some are using rice flour, tapioca \n\nstarch combined with sugar, coconut milk as well as food coloring, such as Suji leaves to \n\nproduce green color or instant food coloring available at pastry material shops.  \n\nVarious cakes are usually dominated by red-colored cakes. Each pastry has a deep \n\nphilosophical meaning.  The meaning contained in the cake dish is usually related to \n\nsustenance, prosperity, harmony of life.  \n\nThe cakes that are the dishes of the lunar celebration have different meanings.  Sweet \n\nfrom a variety of cakes, such as: Cake baskets, Balapis, polote and cake column cake I \n\nsymbolize the ethnic Chinese longing so that in family life can enjoy a happy life with the \n\nrelationship of relatives, health, and fortune.", "start_char_idx": 18973, "end_char_idx": 21745, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "93fdc285-8c11-4afb-9d7b-97490b30809c": {"__data__": {"id_": "93fdc285-8c11-4afb-9d7b-97490b30809c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3739cd5c-ea58-4a02-afd8-4962145f8078", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "e8315e4f47e52fb625765fc83fbe19fc3865b2854430f2e5a84013f393e1a222", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fc96ddd5-7735-4ba1-9509-6c5499ae885d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6c8bac457bfc21c4d69315beb8166ce4e63e5eb75a471e5b41628e9416a95720", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n40 \n \n\n \n\nIn the picture 2 and 3 below displays various kinds of cakes arranged at the prayer \n\ntable in the Temple and Family prayer table. \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 2. Cupcake Dish and Balapis (Lapis), My cake at the showtable \n\nPhoto courtesy of: Sri Martini Private collection 2019. \n\n \n\n \n\nGambar2 about the dish of cupcakes or by the community of Manado is known for \n\nPolote and Balapis (Lapis).  Polote column or cupcakes in an open shape. In the upper part \n\nwith the shape of the chap and in the end part divide and shaped four parts that symbolize \n\nthe sustenance that will continue to come throughout the year from various angles and \n\ndirections.  For ethnic Chinese, it is a cake that carries a fortune for the one who is in the \n\nprovision of sues will come all year round. \n\n Lapis cake is a symbol of hope for blessing and the sustenance that continues to \n\ncome and the family is increasingly well established. While my cake symbolizes the hope of \n\nachievement of long life, and healthy always, it is preached with the shape of my cake which \n\nis very similar in shape to the turtle.  Turtle is an animal that can live for 500 years, it is the \n\nbasis of analogy for the philosophy of the Shewbread at the Chinese lunar celebration in \n\nManado. \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n41 \n \n\n \n\nFigure 3.  Basket cake \n\nPhoto source: Ce Susan collection 2019 \n\n  \n\nPicture 3 of the cake basket, as a picture of the hope in human life, that there must be \n\npersistence in trying and continue to be intertwined a sense of mutual that manifested in a \n\nclose relationship with the whole family.  \n\nEspecially for Chinese, animal-derived dishes, they are divided into three types of \n\nanimals that also represent three natural elements, such as: water element,  \n\nEarth and Air. The water element is represented by the \u9c7c fish (Y\u00fa), the earth element \n\nby the \u732a Pig (Zh\u016b), as well as the air element represented by \u96de Chicken (j\u012b). \n\nTrusted by the three elements of animals with each trait they possess, can represent \n\na character that is often inherent in one's self.  A \u732a Pig (Zh\u016b) is an animal that is one of the \n\nfavorite dishes in the Imle celebration dish. Many people understand that the lifestyle of pigs \n\nis lazy and dirty. However, the fact about the animal's lifestyle is precisely a memorial to the \n\nethnic Chinese, which is to be expected for someone who eats pork dishes in the lunar \n\ncelebration will not be a lazy person in his life. Chicken is often called a greedy animal that is \n\nexpected when a person is eating it on the lunar feast the nature of greed will disappear in \n\nhis life.  \n\nMore about the animal offerings that represent the element of water, ethnic Chinese \n\nin the city of Manado adapting, with the environment. It looks at this water-containing dish. \n\nThere is adaptation especially for milkfish dishes, recommended fish to be a menu of dishes \n\nthat represent the element of water, specially in cities that have ethnic Chinese celebrate \n\nChinese lunar. However, in Manado City Milkfish replaced with more familiar types of fish,", "start_char_idx": 21754, "end_char_idx": 25375, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fc96ddd5-7735-4ba1-9509-6c5499ae885d": {"__data__": {"id_": "fc96ddd5-7735-4ba1-9509-6c5499ae885d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "93fdc285-8c11-4afb-9d7b-97490b30809c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "2e8a61c58ef054de1f16e4d23b2af525d3b8895e01abd24d795c99ccc921794b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cfa5ebf8-7d24-4c6e-8fd3-beb37dd3daed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9b5a67862269bae5ccc5353319a044fd604bda7684f0ee0081aa95f228e049c1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n42 \n \n\nsuch as fish tude, salt fish (salted fish), and tuna fish.  Three kinds of animal (chicken, fish, \n\nand pork) are philosophically represent various patterns of life and will be outlined as follows. \n\n \n\n  Figure 4.  Chicken animal, fish, pork \n\nPhoto courtesy of: Collection of Kwan Kong temple and Various sources 2019 \n\n \n\nPicture 4 of a variety of animal offerings representing the three natural elements that \n\nexist in human life. Tri Dharma people celebrate Chinese using animal offerings that \n\nrepresent natural elements as an inseparable part of their life. Dishes derived from meat have \n\na good meaning because the pigs depict prosperity.  It is analogoed to the body of a fat pig \n\nand for some obese people are often associated with an increasingly obese body. Another \n\nanimal dish comes from chicken meat that leads to a chicken lifestyle into a symbol of craft, \n\nnever giving up.  \n\nAs animals representing the air element of chickens also symbolize loyalty and \n\nobedience. Menu serving of whole-shaped chicken meat is not cut into pieces. It implies hope \n\nthat in the family will always be intact and happy. Fish represent the sustenance and fortune \n\nthat continues to flow in the family, such as the life of fish that always moves not at one point \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n43 \n \n\nonly. Selected fish is a must choose fresh fish with a size tailored to the purchasing power of \n\nthe people who will celebrate it. \n\nAnother main dish that should not be left behind is Shou Mian or commonly called \n\nlong-life noodles. Noodles served lengthwise and uninterrupted. \n\n \n\nFigure 5. \"Shou Mian\" noodles long life \n\nPhoto courtesy of: Susan Ce Document 2019 \n\n \n\nFig. 5. About Shou Mian. Hope that is attached to the noodle dish, if a person is eating \n\nit, the person will be long life because the philosophy that exists in the course of Shou Mian \n\nsymbolize long life, many sustenance, not dashed, and happiness achieved in New Year's \n\nLunar and future years. There are also several dishes, such as: sweets, a mix of several \n\nvegetables and dumpling-shaped snacks, each representing the philosophy of human life and \n\nno longer a major treat for a visiting family. This is because the economic adapation and \n\nflexibility of the culture that flows following the life of the people. The results of the interview \n\nwith the speaker, Reynaldi (activist young group Kwan Seng Bio Temple on 27 April 2017. \n\n\"The dishes that do not have to hold the one that we are not able to reach, the most \n\nprominent are the intention and sincerity when giving offerings to the ancestors and the Thian \n\nones\".", "start_char_idx": 25380, "end_char_idx": 28558, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cfa5ebf8-7d24-4c6e-8fd3-beb37dd3daed": {"__data__": {"id_": "cfa5ebf8-7d24-4c6e-8fd3-beb37dd3daed", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fc96ddd5-7735-4ba1-9509-6c5499ae885d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "004918170d38277f79700adde349c92ab85b94d74d925ec8062b1960986592e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bada5554-2151-4b77-a589-c51a8aff6b4c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d53312aa0dd3529ffcff3545abf61a664b152ac7f3d371ad7e996965db9bf443", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n44 \n \n\nServing fresh fruits is also a part of the feast in lunar celebration. Various dishes of \n\nfresh fruits, such as: Mandarin orange, apple, pineapple, banana, cucumber is served on the \n\ntable of Prayer.  For ethnic Chinese some fruits that have been presented not only choose \n\nthe fruit that is in the market or in supermarkets, but the fruits are chosen because it has \n\nphilosophical meaning associated with the Chinese ethnic expectations of The coming of \n\nsustenance and prosperity.  \n\nMandarin Orange is yellow, by ethnic Chinese is regarded as a symbol of happiness \n\nbecause it relates to the coming of abundant sustenance. Apples are also fruits that bring \n\npeace and prosperity. Bananas that are included in the lunar offerings are the fruit that can \n\nserve to call prosperity, sustenance, and blessings to ethnic Chinese who are celebrating \n\nChinese lunar. Pineapple with a leaf crown that blooms is a symbol of hope for sustenance \n\nthat is awaited by ethnic Chinese in lunar celebration.  Cucumber seems to be more adapted \n\nto the ancestor's pleasures, so as to complement various fruits as part of the feast of the lunar \n\ncelebrations.  \n\nA tribute to the Lelengur (Sin Beng) became an important part of not only being done \n\nduring life, but also when the ancestors were gone. Many prayers are transmitted on the altar \n\nof worship so that the ancestors get happiness and ask for blessing to accompany the life of \n\nchildren and grandchildren. The inner bonds between parents as ancestors with children as \n\ngenerations continue to be woven. Life to two generations living in different realms does not \n\ncreate a line of separation. \n\n \n\nFigure 6 Various fresh fruits are presented on the offering table. \n\nPhoto courtesy of: Kwan KongManado Temple Collection 2019 \n\n \n\nPicture 6 shows the fresh fruits that are served at the table of worship which are presented \n\nas a tribute to the Thian and the ancestral spirits (Sin Beng). Fruit dishes are served, such", "start_char_idx": 28563, "end_char_idx": 30838, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bada5554-2151-4b77-a589-c51a8aff6b4c": {"__data__": {"id_": "bada5554-2151-4b77-a589-c51a8aff6b4c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57286", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "49561b7448d7485d18f7a59c7961d2aa33dc9b1dbef9a114e82296be4e19f848", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cfa5ebf8-7d24-4c6e-8fd3-beb37dd3daed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "5ff73c6207725efe2a759a664502542aefb7190726729436f741dfa017f37bc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dec516a2-8a0c-4053-a188-5f5982125d40", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "93a5a320ddff93e3152666b9c3b9696ee0d658d84c8ccbfa7e8639a579337112", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n45 \n \n\nas: Citrus (j\u00fa zi zhi), banana (Xi\u0101ng ji\u0101o), pineapple (b\u014d lu\u00f3), Apel (P\u00edng gu\u01d2), cucumber \n\n(Hu\u00e1nggu\u0101). The fruits are neatly arranged and the fruits are chosen to the best of the \n\nmaximum size. The price of fruits is often no longer a consideration, because of the desire to \n\nprovide the best for the Thian and the Sin Beng.   \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nConclusion \n\nThe feast of the lunar celebrations is full of philosophical meanings associated with human \n\nbeings. Food elements both fruits, and animal offerings presented in lunar celebrations in the \n\ncity of Manado have undergone an adaptation, adapted to the economic ability and habits of \n\nthe consumption patterns of the people of Manado. Each dish is full of philosophical meanings \n\nthat is associated with the hope of good, prosperity, and health to be achieved both \n\nindividually and in families. \n\nSuggestion \n\nThe importance of the inheritance of values contained in each lunar celebration to the next \n\ngeneration, so they are able to respect and hold it as part of his life. The next generation \n\nunderstands that the ancestral heritage of: the meaning of Filososfis present in every Chinese \n\ndish is something that must be preserved. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nA thank you, the author spoke to promoters, resources, and other parties who have \n\ncontributed to the completion of the research for this publication. \n\n  \n \nREFERENCES \n \nAlisyahbana, S.T. 1988. Kebudayaan sebagai Perjuangan. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat  \n\nHarun OFM, Martin. 1998. Ritus, Simbol, dan Mitos dalam Klangan Umat Alkitab, Temu v: \nEksegese Kitab Suci. Jakarta, 4 Januari 1998. \n\nKoentjaraningrat.1984. Manusia dan Kebudayaan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Djambatan \n\nKuntowijoyo. 1987. Budaya dan Masyarakat. Yogjakarta: PT Tiara Wacana Yogya. \n\nPurwodaminta, W.J.S. 1995. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. DepDikBud. Bandung: \nAlfabeta. \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 32-46   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n46 \n \n\nSumber Internet \n\nwww.tionghoa.info/tahun-baru-imlek-hari-raya-agama-atau-budaya/, tanggal 30 Juli 2019 \njam 22.", "start_char_idx": 30843, "end_char_idx": 33428, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dec516a2-8a0c-4053-a188-5f5982125d40": {"__data__": {"id_": "dec516a2-8a0c-4053-a188-5f5982125d40", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bada5554-2151-4b77-a589-c51a8aff6b4c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57286", "author": "Martini, Sri; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING BEHIND THE CHINESE CUISINE IN MANADO CITY", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57286.pdf"}, "hash": "88bbb7a41f4db8d5db27ef80fef9f33e64ad8e43c01b638463242bf1e699698f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "01d73b5e-a4d8-4d61-85bf-ce6a171028bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f0115cd22a387a5914efd09d83262113f16ec279778e2c242b6f710fa8273e74", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Nengah Merta final\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n47 \n \n\n \nDISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT \n\nIDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR  \n\n \nI Nengah Merta1, A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara2,  \n\nA.A. Bagus Wirawan3, I Ketut Darmana4 \n \n\n1Stispol Wira Bhakti Denpasar, 2,3,4Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana \nUniversity \n\n \nemail: 1nengahwirabhakti@gmail.com, 2anom_kumbara@unud.ac.id \n\n, 3baguswirawan@yahoo.com,  4s2kjbdyunud@yahoo.com \n  \n\n \nReceived Date : 11-03-2019 \nAccepted Date : 21-04-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-05-2019 \n\n  \n \n\nABSTRACT \n\nThe Bali bombing tragedy of 12 October 2002 has killed hundreds of souls. The event brought \nabout the impact of major changes for Balinese people. Uncontrolled migrants are regarded \nas one of the causes of the Bali bomb tragedy. The event then took the policy to control the \nattendance of migrants (TAMIU) through the decree of the mayor of Denpasar No. 610, the \nyear 2002 that is a concern that migrants living in Denpasar must have a resident identity \ncard Entrants (KIPP). The purpose of this research is to understand and analyze the Praaktik \nof KIPP's publishing services as a control device of expat resident in Denpasar City based on \nthe spirit of prod Dharma. Data collection methods are performed with observations, \ninterviews, and documentation. Technical data is done qualitatively. The research finds that \nKIPP's publishing has not been successful as a control device for the number of migrants. \nKIPP's service practices are inefficient, not transparent and unaccountable. The reason is \nthat the existence of dualism of customary village and the village of Dinas, human resources \nare still weak, facilities and infrastructure that is not refresentative that implicates to the open \nopportunities of corruption, collusion and nepotism, public service costs High, the number of \nunsynced population at the village level, sub-districts, or even provincial-level patents and \nincreasing social pathology. This paper suggests the need for the assertiveness of the rules \nbetween the authority of indigenous villages and Dinas, need to increase the quality of human \nresources, especially the lower level, and the strict action to actors who are not disciplined in \ncarrying out their duties.  \n \nKeywords: public service, excellent service, the identity of the resident, prod Dharma. \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nThe identity card issuance service of migrant residents (KIPP) intends to control the \n\nnumber of migrants, especially the residents come outside Bali who want to stay while in Bali.", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2927, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "01d73b5e-a4d8-4d61-85bf-ce6a171028bb": {"__data__": {"id_": "01d73b5e-a4d8-4d61-85bf-ce6a171028bb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dec516a2-8a0c-4053-a188-5f5982125d40", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "0e796b64505b1661d00c1b6532aa53044537b008ef3820a646164365516c505a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "596b6fb6-e493-4fde-ba25-55871e0d6c05", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0e4a4a5d3e8c8523e548629a4a36c5b31079e499272f91460b7fc5d9e49cb24b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n48 \n \n\nHowever, efforts to control migrants through KIPP's publishing policies have not been able to \n\nmanage and control the maximum population. KIPP Publishing Service Program in order to \n\ncontrol the number of people in Bali actually raises various problems. The number of migrants \n\nis increasingly uncontrolled. The ethics of public services that should be based on the prod \n\nDharma as the values of local wisdom of Hinduism, can not be realized according to the rules \n\nand regulations of the invitation. The failure to control the number of migrants to date has led \n\nto new problems, such as slum, criminality, and other social pathology. Various factors are \n\nsuspected to be the source of the problem, such as the game power of actors of interest and \n\nthe power dualism village of Dinas and Adat village.  In general, the study aims to \n\nanalyse and understand the practice of issuing the identity card of migrants, the background \n\nhas not realized its Prime service, and its implications for public service issuance of identity \n\ncards Migrant people in Tegal Harum village, Denpasar Barat District, Denpasar City.  \n\nSpecifically, this research aims to understand the implementation of public services in issuing \n\nidentity cards of migrants in Tegal Harum village, West Denpasar District, Denpasar City, to \n\nanalyse the background has not been realized Good public service in issuing the identity card \n\nof migrant residents in Desa Tegal Harum, District Denpasar Barat, Denpasar City, and to \n\nunderstand the implications of public service in issuing identity cards of migrants in Tegal \n\nHarum village , West Denpasar District, Denpasar City. Theoretically the benefit of this \n\nresearch to support the theory of public service in the Knowledge (critical theory) of cultural \n\nStudies (Caltural studies), in addition, is also expected to contribute other studies relating to \n\nthe fulfillment of quality Public service. Practically, this research is expected to provide input \n\nto the formulation of public service policy. Various factors, allegedly a source of problems \n\nrelated to the KIPP ministry, such as the game power of actors of interest, and the power \n\ndualism of the village of Dinas and indigenous villages. If this is still allowed, it certainly raises \n\na problem that is increasingly complex for the government. Nevertheless, this phenomenon \n\ncan not be known empirically and deeply. The author has the view that this problem needs to \n\nbe based on a more precise way of solving. Therefore, it is important to study a focus on \n\npublic services in KIPP Publishing. It is also very interesting for writers to do research with \n\nthe title, dismantling public service practices in the issuance of immigrant identity cards in the \n\nvillage Tegal Harum, District Denpasar Barat, Denpasar. The focus of this research is directed \n\nto three main problems: (1) How is public service practice in issuing a resident identity card?, \n\n(2) Why the issuance of a resident identity card has not been able to make the service Public", "start_char_idx": 2932, "end_char_idx": 6277, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "596b6fb6-e493-4fde-ba25-55871e0d6c05": {"__data__": {"id_": "596b6fb6-e493-4fde-ba25-55871e0d6c05", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "01d73b5e-a4d8-4d61-85bf-ce6a171028bb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "658f05ff48ca5070535ba10fd944c580569e9dd272bbe2e33719740f92f97826", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7219c41e-a547-4de1-ae6c-4d80e3b16891", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2c19e958c26aa6f09b432293641369d482706bfe0e1baa9f46431d3407aa991f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n49 \n \n\nservices?, and (3) How is the implications of public service in issuing the identity card of the \n\nmigrant resident? \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThe research uses a cultural study paradigm with a foundation of critical theories, \n\nnamely Post-structuralism from Piare Bourdieu and Micheal Foucoult as an analysis tool, \n\nthrough three stages, data reduction, exposure, and verification. Data collection techniques \n\nare done with observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation in the area of Tegal \n\nHarum village Denpasar Barat. Bourdieu theory can explain that the occurrence of public \n\nservice practice in the issuance of resident identity cards is not separated from habitus factor, \n\nnamely the habits that have occurred long ago that is the result Teaching subtly, conducting \n\nservice to the community based on the operational guidelines and technical services of the \n\npopulation administration. Ownership and mastery of cultural, social, symbolic and intellectual \n\ncapital by service personnel. In the realm there is the development of social modernity, in \n\nevery banjar or traditional village or the plan to implement a pattern of service making KIPS \n\nfrom the side requirements, cost, and model of service is varied and it is very different \n\nbetween the Banjar in the city Denpasar.  \n\nThe theory of Foucault can explain that the organizing of knowledge always produces \n\npower and power forming knowledge. Power has always been actualized through knowledge, \n\nand knowledge has always been the effect of power (Foucault, 1980:89-99; Ritzer, 2003:78-\n\n81). The link between science and power in Foucauldian terminology is derived from the \n\nNitzche view of human substance that has the will to reign. The will for the knowledge of \n\n\"righteousness\" is associated with the will to reign. Knowledge that claims truth is born within \n\nthe frame of power. Power is transformed into the knowledge that power runs effectively and \n\noperationally (Foucault, 1980:89-99). \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\n1. Public service practices in issuing resident identity \n\nThe theory of practice of Bourdieu can explain that the occurrence of public service \n\npractice in the issuance of identity card residents are not separated from habitus factors, \n\nnamely habits that occurred since the result of subtle learning, performing services to the \n\ncommunity based on the operational guidelines and the implementation about the \n\nAdministration Ministry of residence. Ownership and mastery of cultural, social, symbolic and", "start_char_idx": 6282, "end_char_idx": 9098, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7219c41e-a547-4de1-ae6c-4d80e3b16891": {"__data__": {"id_": "7219c41e-a547-4de1-ae6c-4d80e3b16891", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "596b6fb6-e493-4fde-ba25-55871e0d6c05", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "53f64ad7493b5be6a6d4226e48df2364d340fd4e6ac1ebe0fc4ba5d9f48d963e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "106d29b6-2419-43ef-9911-3d7fd306d496", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fca7f5c0082dec040bd8da7bd231c82d251fc5df8a1c77018c674f56214479ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n50 \n \n\nintellectual capital by service personnel. In the realm there is the development of social \n\nmodernity, in every Banjar or Adat village or Pakraman implement a pattern of service making \n\nKIPS of the requirement, cost and model of service is varied and it is very different between \n\nthe Banjar in the city of Denpasar. Prime service practices are still experiencing obstacles, \n\nincluding lack of facilities and infrastructure, poor government assistance, and lack of human \n\nresources in the form of quality and quantity. In this fast-paced era, the ability to adapt to the \n\ndevelopment of the world is very important in order to emphasize the severity of the era. Bi \u00ac \n\nLa It can not be done, will be pinched by the modernization, namely the changes of society \n\nthat move from the traditional situation or from the community to the people who go to the \n\nmodern community. In addition, the social order to \u00ac Ma \u00ac will need to be adjusted to the state \n\nof the Times, community work, social needs, and the skills of each individual.  \n\nBureaucratic devices can provide quality public services when performance is always \n\nbased on ethical values of public services. In general, the quality of public service is \n\ndetermined by some aspects, namely system, institutional, financial, and human resources. \n\nIn this case the government must completely fulfill these four aspects. Thus the community \n\nwill participate in the implementation of public services.   Along with the strengthening of \n\nglobal culture and modernization influence, indigenous villages/Pakraman as institutions that \n\nrepresent traditional values will certainly face various problems and challenges. According to \n\nmodernization theories, social change that occurs in the community can be observed from \n\nhigh mobility of population, high activity of exchange of goods and services, rapid turnover of \n\nmoney, the proliferation of capitalist storefronts, such as malls, shophouses, bars, \n\nrestaurants, and others. Culturally, modern society is characterized by a strong life style and \n\nimage. In addition, it also strengthen the influence of modern values, such as individualistic, \n\nmaterialistic, practical (effective and efficient), democratic, dependence on the use of \n\ninformation and technology in various areas of life. This modern culture at least will cause a \n\ncollision between modern and traditional values in the life of its main community for the \n\nmanagement of public services.   \n\nThere is indeed a reciprocal relationship between the quality of public service and \n\ncorrupt practices. The more widespread corruption practices made by public administrators, \n\nthe worse the quality of public service. Conversely, the worse the quality of public services, \n\nthe more likely the possibility of corruption, especially in the form of bribery. Because the \n\nrelationship between the two is reciprocal, the improvement of public service quality will be \n\nable to cope with corruption practices. The poor public service made wide open corruption", "start_char_idx": 9103, "end_char_idx": 12434, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "106d29b6-2419-43ef-9911-3d7fd306d496": {"__data__": {"id_": "106d29b6-2419-43ef-9911-3d7fd306d496", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7219c41e-a547-4de1-ae6c-4d80e3b16891", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "3cdd1ed508c83533f93c88f40a0f9afb94ac9b893b211beb60f75d2043534bfd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "220b0330-c4ca-4c96-b8ea-4cd99b9236e5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "08b37659dc41467ba1ce1b8e5e97be1bedd78f3395221f8b204d652b9c3b08a0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n51 \n \n\ncracks. Because public services are in direct contact with the community, the consequences \n\nare worse. The vices in the public service sector can reduce and erode the spirit of the \n\ngrowing community against the eradication of corruption that grows more fertile. In fact, it can \n\nhave an impact on the growth of some community permissive attitudes towards corruption.\n\n Based on the decree of the House of Pakraman village in Denpasar City number \n\n14/12-SK/MMDP/VII/2014 on the arrangement of migrant residents in the village of \n\nAdat/Pakraman, the assembly of Madya village Pakraman Denpasar is authorized to make \n\nthe rules of organizing the inhabitants of migrants (Krama Tamiu and Tamiu) that are part of \n\ngovernment and customs  Further arrangements can be made by each Pakraman village \n\nwhich is coordinated to the village and Kelurahan of Denpasar city to regulate the imposition \n\nof contribution fees and social security as the operational cost of migrant resident control. \n\nTherefore, the existence of adat institutions into the government work partnerships as \n\nstipulated in the Perda of Bali Province number 3, year 2003, namely the authority to make \n\nrules relating to government affairs and customary affairs.    \n\nIn the orderly administration of the population, the collection of migrants in Tegal \n\nHarum village, structurally, the flow structure of bureaucracy adhering to the pattern of service \n\nvillage and traditional village/Pakraman. However, the two structures have their own plot. This \n\nis the beginning of the opportunity to open corruption. Pakraman Village is led by the village \n\nof Pakraman to overtake several Kelian Banjar Pakraman and its ranks. The village apparatus \n\nis obliged to do the logging of residents (direct contact) with residents of migrants and at the \n\nsame time has the authority to publish KIPP for a fee. On the other side, the service village \n\nunder the provisions of the provision overcomes some of the service and its ranks, also has \n\nthe task of regulating the settlers, but there are no provisions for the cost of a dime or free. \n\nAs part of the population information System, KIPP is published as a legally-free identity of \n\ncitizenship. However, the government issuance of KIPP through the authorized institution, the \n\nPakraman village, is free of charge. It is legitimately recognized based on a pararem decision.  \n\nAs the government's working partnership, the Pakraman village has the authority to \n\npublish KIPP, which is currently a self-reported letter or Ilikita Krama. The identity card is \n\nissued for adult migrants, who are seventeen years of age or older or have married. When \n\nexamined the different rules imposed in particular about the amount of costs imposed for \n\nresidents of migrants from outside Bali, give an indication of the presence of stricter \n\nrules/incriminate migrants from outside Bali. It is part of the deterrent effect so that migrants \n\nare not easy to come to Bali. The service personnel and their staff are running their power", "start_char_idx": 12439, "end_char_idx": 15776, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "220b0330-c4ca-4c96-b8ea-4cd99b9236e5": {"__data__": {"id_": "220b0330-c4ca-4c96-b8ea-4cd99b9236e5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "106d29b6-2419-43ef-9911-3d7fd306d496", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "dfb892af7b955d5a479ebac231a7b47b6265baa4e05c252ce415cf88e89c5e8f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e09c2575-a1e8-40e9-88cb-cb031942d16e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e1ef99c68ed04e44e95bd9f486f4b1cf4e673b411677a4e08f348b268f399711", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n52 \n \n\nover the classes below, which is that the settlers are organized as a persuasive fee through \n\ncost owners and individuals without being provided with a valid proof of payment. With a \n\ncapital of power and knowledge, the ruler through Pararem seemed to have the approval of \n\nthe class and the power of social by creating and maintaining an alliance system through \n\npolitical and ideological struggles. That is, the rule of law that has been enacted in Jakarta \n\nand has been established by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on 24 December 2013 \n\nhas actually tied all the elements of the nation to carry out all the provisions in it. In such \n\nregulations, if there are officials and officers who still hold charges in the management of the \n\nsettlement documents, considered corruption, may be questioned in accordance with article \n\n95B. As a consequence of these provisions, the mayor as the local government is under the \n\npublication of the rules of Mayor of Denpasar No. 12, year 2013 concerning the termination \n\nof restrictions on the restriction of Denpasar.  \n\nHowever, the traditional village is still held. The overlapping rules regarding the levy \n\nrelating to this public service open the opportunity of corruption. If observed based on the flow \n\nof bureaucracy that exists regarding the orderly administration of migrants as the above \n\nexplanation, the Opportunities for Corruption Act remain open. It happens because, \n\nstructurally, the most intensive directly related to the community related to the issuance of the \n\nidentity of migrant residents in Tegal Harum village is a traditional village. Although the service \n\nvillage stops the cost of charges, the Pakraman village continues to do so, on the grounds of \n\na customary village Pararem agreement. Law No. 24, year 2013 of the population \n\nadministration is a new era in the field of population administration. The interesting thing and \n\nneed to be examined by all layers of society is the inclusion of article 79 A that the \n\nmanagement and issuance of residence documents is free of charge. However, in practice, \n\nthe levy still exists and occurs in every Banjar or Pakraman village.  \n\nIn connection with the suspicion of some of the parties on the opening of corruption \n\npractices in the service of KIPP in Bali, director of public criminal Investigation of Polda Bali, \n\nKombes Pol. Mahendra Jaya, in the news media Jawa Pos, said that the ranks of the Bali \n\nlocal police will clear the voting of temporary resident identity cards. It is ready to muzzle the \n\ncharges of temporary resident identity card (KIPP). Because it includes a wild levy (Pungli), \n\nthe police will crack down on the person who did the levy or payment of the KIPEM that had \n\nbeen done a number of persons with the name of Pararem. In fact, the source of village funds \n\nis clear and has been regulated especially with the validity of e-KTP. The withdrawal of \n\nKIPEM, he also impressed the extortion of foreigners. There are interesting indications to be", "start_char_idx": 15781, "end_char_idx": 19096, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e09c2575-a1e8-40e9-88cb-cb031942d16e": {"__data__": {"id_": "e09c2575-a1e8-40e9-88cb-cb031942d16e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "220b0330-c4ca-4c96-b8ea-4cd99b9236e5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "aae0ef655e900993d9b5e8ab71f9b64d037bd4b81299625b1b0802b8274f523c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "97bdd7bd-d52c-46b8-8838-db07f202ce5e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7f2769aa343e2ff8b110ccb2b4b777c410b9674535ffac4e450d5f1c56aa2a0b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n53 \n \n\nexamined that the encouragement from the police officers reflects the occurrence of \n\ncorruption in the cost of KIPP in Bali. While the action is considered corruption, the Adat \n\nvillage with the existing Pararem considers the action legal. This usage controversy becomes \n\nmore profound when it is more serious through criminal rules for those who commit violations \n\nin the sense of still levy on the management and publication of residence documents.  \n\nIt is regulated specifically in clause 95 B which states the following; Cleanliness, KIPP \n\nextension money, money-like grief, and other arent levies happening in every banjar in Bali \n\nfor the reason Awig-Awig or Pararem Adat village in Bali is not something new. It has been \n\ncommonly experienced by the migrants ' prolonged population. Migrants are not empowered \n\nto refuse and be considered a massive obligation in any banjar environment, where they \n\nreside. In this context Piliang (2003) is more highlighting the corruption of the mental and \n\ncultural bureaucracy of public service actors who tend to be concerned about lifestyle. The \n\nlifestyle of consumerism and the hedonism that struck the community, especially its rulers \n\nand authorities, were the springs of mental corruption, collusion, and nepotism. Because \n\nunlike in developed countries, mentally not ready to enter the lifestyle. The machine desires \n\ncapitalism in addition to instilling a positive desire for progress, fostering also in everyone \n\nnegative narcism desire, a desire to be confessed, revered, and honored by others through \n\nstyle and appearance (car, house, golf course), not through honest, simple, and responsible \n\nnature (Piliang, 2003:222). \n\n Citizens are also infected by the same mindset, which is to worship, flatter, and even \n\nto immature the rich and luxurious look, not honest and simple people. How does a person's \n\nprocess become richer, whether following the left or right lane, not in question. In such \n\nconditions informal social controls are hard to be enforced to prevent corruption, collusion, \n\nand nepotism. The ruler will still justify the abuse of trust for personal benefit (corruption). \n\nPeople and officials will remain in agreement or cooperation against the law to launch its \n\naffairs or interests and harm others, society or State (collusion), the ruler imposed the will and \n\nagainst the law to benefit the interests of the family and or the chronology of the interests of \n\nsociety, nation, and state (nepotism). The settlers were wondering. Why the indigenous \n\nvillages still attract levies. However, the government officials said the levy was legitimate. The \n\nformation of Pararem has been through Paruman (agreement) and got approval from the \n\ncommunity referring to the Perda of Bali Province number 5, year 2001 about Pakraman \n\nvillage.", "start_char_idx": 19101, "end_char_idx": 22231, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "97bdd7bd-d52c-46b8-8838-db07f202ce5e": {"__data__": {"id_": "97bdd7bd-d52c-46b8-8838-db07f202ce5e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e09c2575-a1e8-40e9-88cb-cb031942d16e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "084f94fa8df010ea09778de81d6292e9233ba4288dfe213e23d99ea7385706e5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "00398507-76eb-441e-9726-63f46d329826", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9c1ca8b264a3547742750283bc250c442cdd11e361b774fe4ca86295bf9b4e2d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n54 \n \n\nAs long as human individuals drift to the culture of consumerism or accompanying \n\nhedonism, they will continue to fantasize rich. This is followed by a powerful desire because \n\nwealth and power can be exchanged for each other. Therefore, the ruling officials always \n\nhave the greatest potential for corruption. In contrast, the rich are most likely to buy power, \n\nboth to add to his power and wealth. Consequently, corruption, collusion, and nepotism are \n\ninevitable, even stronger. Moreover, there is mental priyayi that considers the work of hands \n\nis dirty and can be degrading. In addition, also the glory of life does not lie in the hard work of \n\nracking the brain or sweat, but lies in the luxury. Thus, the shortcut traveled is to charge the \n\nluxury of life on the shoulders of others (Mas'udi, 2005:6).  \n\nFactually, not everyone can move the burden of luxury to others, except among those \n\nwith political, economic, social, and cultural capital. It is identical with power ownership. Power \n\nmeans the ability to list what the needs of others are structurally weaker in position. That \n\nability is easily marketed so corruption occurs.  Migrants who have access to power can \n\nsimplify their business to acquire KIPP. If you have a good relationship with the service \n\npersonnel, you can cut a long enough bureaucratic chain. In addition, it also shortens the \n\nmanagement time even though the charges are inevitable. Citizens who have a kinship \n\nrelationship with the power holders publish KIPP, especially power holders at the village \n\nKelian level or banjar collusion to accelerate the process of making KIPP. Similarly, if the \n\napplicant has important offices in government, community organizations, churches, and \n\nmosques, it will facilitate collusion process, nepotism, and corruption in the management of \n\nself identity and his family. By utilizing this network, the applicant can ignore any requirements \n\nthat should be met or exempt from additional costs that are usually imposed.  Cultural \n\nculture that emphasizes more of the family aspect can make one factor of collusion culture \n\ngrowth and nepotism in public service practice. The bureaucracy that should have suddenly \n\nbecome brief with the practice of corruption, collusion, and nepotism in it. The innocent \n\nconfession of a young man from Bandung named Randy conceived (RA), a newcomer who \n\nworks as a distribution employee of refill drinking water on Jalan Gunung bees. He lives with \n\nthe owner of the business. When encountered incidentally have not already had the receipt \n\nof the report letter from the Kelian Banjar or local service. RA told researchers that every day \n\nhe was worried if at any time there was a session from the Banjar officers. Feeling anxious \n\nand uncomfortable in working, finally RA decided to take care of identity to the local Banjar.  \n\nIn accordance with the local Awig-Awig \u00ac Banjar should complete the administrative \n\nrequirements in the form of a photocopy of the original ID of two pieces, photocopy of one", "start_char_idx": 22236, "end_char_idx": 25574, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "00398507-76eb-441e-9726-63f46d329826": {"__data__": {"id_": "00398507-76eb-441e-9726-63f46d329826", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "97bdd7bd-d52c-46b8-8838-db07f202ce5e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "e4614d2f6f62a8f9a6d2f5cec05d944d5371a7c169b51e0085bdde89dfed2214", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f32906cf-277e-4234-a453-fbd3fb1b8600", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7c64c21bfce1a78216ec3998bb02900fa52ff776798ab0783780fa5f1901e020", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n55 \n \n\nsheet, 2x3 pieces of two sheets, fill in the form of a self-report receipt, the administration fee \n\nis RP 10.000, 00 and the cost of funds amounted to Rp 100.000, 00 because RA is an expat \n\ncitizen who does not have a Bali ID CARD. According to the narrative, the stage of nobility \n\nprocedures is carried out from requesting an application form for a certificate of self-report. \n\nGenerally to get a certificate, each applicant is obliged to pay Rp 10,000, 00, however, RA \n\nadmitted because it is known to reside in the address of the rechargeable water owner who \n\nstill has a good relationship to the chairman of the ward, RA admitted not to pay or Exempt \n\nfrom the fee as it is not requested by the attendant. After obtaining a certificate from the head \n\nof the ward, RA went to see the Pakraman Kelian, but arriving there the petition was rejected \n\nbecause there are some requirements that have not been met, namely the certificate of work. \n\nBecause RA has not requested a certificate of work to his boss, RA is back to the Kelian \n\nTempek (Chairman of the ward) who still has a family relationship with the business owner \n\nwhere he works. Suddenly, the Kelihan Tempek participated to participate with RA to the \n\nhouse Kelian Banjar, the process is very short. The identity card of a resident on behalf of RA \n\nis immediately published, even immediately and free of charge. According to the information \n\nof RA, the more demonstrated the opening of collusion practices and nepotism is \n\ncommonplace. Maladministration of public service in KIPP service based on the recognition \n\nof the informant is very possible. Public service through direct contact will be difficult to avoid \n\nany special treatment that affects the deviation to the provisions of the administration. As \n\nreality in the field can be modeled that when a citizen who comes by accident is a close family \n\nor a person who has an important position in that area, very likely, the waiter will give special \n\ntreatment to This kind of citizen. Such actions certainly impact the creation of discriminatory \n\nservice that can trigger a sense of injustice to the community. The awareness of the \n\nsymptoms of maladministration, as a contributing factor to the practice of service that is \n\ninefficient, not transparent, and can not be accounted for. \n\nThe KIPP service is an integral part of public service systems conducted by local \n\ngovernments. The identity management of the migrant population through the proximity \n\nsystem, the regulation will produce an agreement that contradicts the values of ethics, \n\nmorality, Rationaliras, faith, even the prevailing laws and regulations. The form of the \n\nagreement can form bribery and a wild levy. Corruption, nepotism, and collusion in the form \n\nof a bribery to facilitate liberation, waivers, etc., are conducted without a clear foundation of \n\nrules for its own sake. Due to the many pretext of more than one rule to be faced by resident \n\nmigrants, it is possible to cause confusion or uncertainty of service. A condition that is unclear", "start_char_idx": 25579, "end_char_idx": 28944, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f32906cf-277e-4234-a453-fbd3fb1b8600": {"__data__": {"id_": "f32906cf-277e-4234-a453-fbd3fb1b8600", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "00398507-76eb-441e-9726-63f46d329826", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "40fa5e80741829ebff646f22e81afce98a3be0613760774d361f2006e1b30b75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e54409ed-8966-4515-9d3e-f262c71d7a5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4cd16779b5bd6463e07733c67ceb63fa82c08886510c35f6561af376a3b1f323", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n56 \n \n\nor uncertain (ambiguous) gives meaning to more than one or meaningful double so that it \n\nsometimes raises doubts, blurring, and obscurity for the community. The empirical fact is \n\napparent in discovering its contextures and is particularly relevant to Bourdieu's social \n\npractice theory. \n\n \n\n2. Factors that affect the unrealized public service excellence \n\nPower has always been actualized through knowledge, and knowledge has always \n\nbeen the effect of power (Foucault, 1980:89-99; Ritzer, 2003:78-81). The link between \n\nscience and power in Foucauldian terminology is derived from the Nitzche view of human \n\nsubstance that has the will to reign. The will for the knowledge of \"righteousness\" is \n\nassociated with the will to reign. Knowledge that claims truth is born within the frame of power. \n\nPower is transformed into the knowledge that power runs effectively and operationally \n\n(Foucault, 1980:89-99). Knowledge and Power have a reciprocal relationship. The continuous \n\nimplementation of power will create a knowledge entity, and vice versa the implementation of \n\nknowledge will cause power effect. The power of producing knowledge and knowledge \n\nprovides power. Power does not always work through oppression and repression, but also \n\nnormalization and regulation (Sutrisno, 2005:154). Regulation, and normalization of policies \n\naccording to the Meter and Van Horn (1975:271), actions undertaken by individuals, officers, \n\nand government/private persons who are directed at the achievement of objectives. This is \n\nas a string-linking that gives birth to what is called Social Pathology \"(Kartono, 2005: v). Such \n\nsocial situations are ultimately easy to elicit pathological/sociopathic behaviour that deviates \n\nfrom common patterns. There are groups and factions in the midst of the fragmented society, \n\neach keeping its own norms and rules and acting alone. The logical consequences of such \n\nconditions are the emergence of many social problems, such as sociopathic conduct, social \n\ndeviations, social disorganization, social disintegrating, as it develops in the village of the \n\nfragrant Ttegal, Denpasar city. \n\n \n\n3. Implications of public services in issuing resident identity cards \n\n Tegal Harum Village area is a strategic place that is close to the center of the city \n\nHustle. In addition, there are also several traditional markets that are used as a night market \n\nthat is open for twenty-four hours nonstop which becomes a living place for residents of \n\nmigrants. This directly affects the high variation of value in the lives of surrounding \n\ncommunities. Tegal Harum Village is not as wide as the other villages in Denpasar. It is also", "start_char_idx": 28949, "end_char_idx": 31927, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e54409ed-8966-4515-9d3e-f262c71d7a5f": {"__data__": {"id_": "e54409ed-8966-4515-9d3e-f262c71d7a5f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f32906cf-277e-4234-a453-fbd3fb1b8600", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "9a8d7afb717704bb50e05473c2cbad45876ee7fe40fc9c5b903d791ae28bbb21", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "84f02e39-bb5a-42fe-aa10-882c8bd775b5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9dc89c057c3f729f43689fd2536a0f88cb487d9a27045517874272b706c3865d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n57 \n \n\na more limited source of livelihood. The presence of migrants makes the competition in the \n\nprovision of sustenance become increasingly strict so that it does not close the possibility of \n\npotentially becoming a conflict in the midst of pre-maintained harmonization conditions. To \n\nminimize the potential conflict, apparatus in Tegal Harum Village seeks to nurturing by \n\nproviding the best service to the local community. The service staff is certainly very expecting \n\na new resident to always understand the condition of the village area in their new residence. \n\nThus it can conform and obtain a good acceptance of the environment entered. Has become \n\na routine agenda in Bali, namely every Eid celebration is over, the citizens who are \n\nhomecoming to each other region again crowded the big cities in Bali and have been doing \n\nnormal as before. However, the time after Lebaran turned out to have various problems for \n\nthe Government, such as social pathology, increased crime, social conflict, and \n\nenvironmental problems.  \n\nThe implications of increasing social pathology and potential conflicts are observed \n\nfrom the seizure of economic resources is not separated from the number of migrants and \n\nresiding in Tegal Harum village. This development brings out various types of business \n\nactivities, such as fresh traders, barber, meatballs, vegetable dealers around to the corners \n\nof the alley. That, either directly or indirectly, as a result of the presence of new people, who \n\nare invited by the residents who have been resident who have been residing in the \n\nadministrative area of Tegal Harum village. Behind it many people argue that the culinary \n\nbusiness does not provide optimal benefits for the Balinese people around, even tends to \n\nhave the local community. One reason is that 80% of the culinary assets are owned by \n\nmigrants from outside Bali. The area of Tegal Harum village is increasingly dense with a \n\nvariety of street trade facilities without regard to its sustainability. The Pakraman village, which \n\nis the base for Balinese cultural defenses, has not yet received an income comparable to the \n\ncultural capital invested. Therefore, the conflict between the Pakraman village and culinary \n\nbusinessmen is difficult to avoid. \n\nThe saying is \"There is sugar there ant\", no wonder if the development of various food \n\nvendor activities that are sweet selling invite the people of nonBali migrated to West Denpasar \n\narea, especially the village area Tegal Harum to make a living. The newcomers are not forever \n\ndepriving the Balinese rice pot. They take advantage of the living opportunities that are less \n\ndesirable by the Balinese, such as the haircut business along the road Perumnas Monang \n\nManing and its surroundings. In this case it can be seen almost entirely using the sign \"Hair \n\ncut Maduratna\" (the owner and workers are people from Java Madura). Roving vegetable", "start_char_idx": 31932, "end_char_idx": 35154, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "84f02e39-bb5a-42fe-aa10-882c8bd775b5": {"__data__": {"id_": "84f02e39-bb5a-42fe-aa10-882c8bd775b5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e54409ed-8966-4515-9d3e-f262c71d7a5f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "9880151289a5a5c8c814255c08b055caf130aedc22b2ea094592d8bb71a1c481", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fcd667e6-b932-46d0-a306-511b8e7336b0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2c0978f3459df24cd6c946ef23d70d0cd7c8c2bba2cf37e63d60e88e66e33c5a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n58 \n \n\ntraders, medicinal turmeric merchants, secondhand goods suppliers (scavenger), very small \n\nis likely to be done by Balinese people. In fact, now it has emerged Muslim shops that display \n\ncustom Balinese fashion that is commonly used to worship the temple by Hindu residents.  \n\n Another thing is to strengthen the influence of modern values, such as individualistic, \n\nmaterialistic, praxis (effective and efficient), democratic, and dependence on the use of \n\ninformation and technology in various areas of his life. This modern culture at least will cause \n\na collision between the modern and traditional values in the life of the Pakraman village, such \n\nas. (1) The duality of the village (Dinas and customs) often cause problems due to the less \n\nclear job description respectively. In addition, it also does not infrequently arise problems in \n\nwithdrawal of economic sources. (2) The collision between economic interests \n\n(work/livelihood) with customary activities is quite high frequency. In addition, the inability of \n\nthe locals to compete with new comers is primarily in the scramble of economic sectors. This \n\nled to the assumption that the customary community is incriminated and becomes a barrier \n\nto progress. \n\nIn Tegal Harum Village, it is visible on the surface of Hindu religion, Islamic religion, \n\nChristianity, Buddhism, and Catholic religion together. In accordance with the data in the \n\nprofile of Tegal Harum village year 2015 recorded the number of followers of Hinduism is as \n\nmany as 6,859 people, the Islamic religion as many as 3,133 people, the Christian religion as \n\nmany as 405 people, followers of the Catholic religion as many as 241 people, and the people \n\nof Buddhism as much as 55 persons. I Wayan Jaman, as Kelian Banjar Pakraman Sari \n\nBhuana. The occurrence of friction because religious differences are more triggered by the \n\nvariation of the religion of migrants. The inclusion of new religious flows that are more practical \n\nand do not take much time to be an alternative for the manners who can not afford to follow \n\nthe solid activity in Bali, mainly in the village Pakraman. The rationalization of Awig-Awig is \n\nconsidered to be equivalent to a positive legal source, making the village to apply rigid rules \n\nto the krama, even for things that should be resolved by deliberation. Fanaticism to the village \n\nof excessive pakraman easily triggers the difference of understanding the other Pakraman \n\nvillage. It also includes migrants who have been allowed internal friction. The majority of \n\nHindu religions are equally challenged by religious immigrants other than Hindus. A tense \n\natmosphere that leads to conflict in religious life is not caused by religious teachings adopted \n\nby religious believers. The friction occurs because of the wrong way of understanding religion. \n\nAccording to I Ketut Wiana (2011). This is the connection with Foucault's theory of power and \n\nknowledge relations.", "start_char_idx": 35159, "end_char_idx": 38417, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fcd667e6-b932-46d0-a306-511b8e7336b0": {"__data__": {"id_": "fcd667e6-b932-46d0-a306-511b8e7336b0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "84f02e39-bb5a-42fe-aa10-882c8bd775b5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a1c4df9da4b34025c67249e50b92d9d354269451229b539875fde110f294ea0c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "432d5d0b-e146-4e91-a835-6a95aa84ebf0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e1b85cf6d004e9e195e3d74e43745831c3dc466e1adac635fa0a64b3fcb54831", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n59 \n \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nConclusion \n\nFirst, the practice of public service in KIPP issuance in Tegal Harum village has not \n\nbeen achieved according to regulations and superior service standards. Spirit prod Dharma, \n\nas a guideline for public service, can not be implemented optimally. Service access is more \n\ninclined to the proximity factor with policy actors and rulers who play an important role in KIPP \n\npublishing, such as the head of the environment and Banjar Kelian. The mechanisms of KIPP \n\nservices, inefficient, not transfaran, and cannot be accounted for properly by actors who hold \n\npower.  \n\n        Secondly, a factor that has not yet achieved excellent service is the power dualism of \n\nthe village and indigenous villages, because of the quality of resources that are still weak, \n\nespecially the lack of knowledge of the officers about the service Based on the spirit of prod \n\nDharma, the lack of adequate support facilities and infrastructure such as a set of \n\ntechnological systems, a refresentative workspace, and including also the low level of citizen \n\nawareness of migrants to Reporting themselves.  \n\n        Thirdly, the implications of KIPP's publishing service are the growing practices of \n\ncorruption, collusion, and nepotism. High public service fees. Not synchronize the number of \n\npopulation data from village level, sub-district, district and city even to provincial level. Social \n\npathology is increasing in the form of economic, religious and cultural friction. In the event of \n\nthe struggle for economic resources in the community, the opportunities for trade and informal \n\nemployment are increasingly narrow, competition is getting tougher. \n\n \n\nSuggestion \n\n     Research advice is (1) because of the existence of the power dualism of indigenous \n\nvillages and service villages, there is a clear affirmation of the task Division; (2) because the \n\nquality of human resources is still weak, it is necessary to improve knowledge and skills for \n\nofficers to the bottom of the level; (3) Because there is still a power relationship performed by \n\nthe rulers, there must be strict sanctions against the actors to the lower level.", "start_char_idx": 38422, "end_char_idx": 40902, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "432d5d0b-e146-4e91-a835-6a95aa84ebf0": {"__data__": {"id_": "432d5d0b-e146-4e91-a835-6a95aa84ebf0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fcd667e6-b932-46d0-a306-511b8e7336b0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "9308402f7de29ee744d5aa8a4d03529c2f6525b671af8dc833c39473dbd7cb18", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "aea99324-1ae2-4e72-8c37-13e7e596f886", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6595379646328c7a6fc691937c51311cff1e1dfc99972ad7fa645f75ad911296", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n60 \n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\n The author thanked the promoters who had been in the completion of this study, as well \n\nas all those who contributed to the completion of this study and the publication of this article \n\non the Journal of Cultural Studies in this issue.   \n\n \n \nREFERENCES \n \nAryana, I Nyoman. 2005. \u201dImplementasi Surat Keputusan Wali Kota Denpasar Nomor 610, \n\nTahun 2002 sebagai Dasar Penertiban Penduduk di Kota Denpasar (Perspektif \nBudaya)\u201d. (tesis). Denpasar : Universitas Udayana.  \n\nFashri, Fauzi. 2007. Penyikapan Kuasa Simbol: Apropisasi Reflektif Pemikiran Pierre \nBourdieu. Jakarta: Juxtapose. \n\nFebrinada, Lis. 2009. \u201cRekonstruksi Regulasi Pelayanan Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil \noleh Birokrasi Pemerintah dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara\u201d. (Disertasi). \nSemarang: Universitas Diponogoro. \n\nJawa Pos Group. 2017. \u201cPolda Bali Akan Brangus Pungutan untuk Kipem\u201d. Diunduh dari : \nhttps://baliexpress.jawapos.com/read/2017/12/05/31484/polda-bali-akan-brangus-\npungutan-untuk-kipem  pada 5 Desember 2017. \n\nKartono. 2005. Pemimpin dan Kepemimpinan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. \n\nKeputusan Majelis Madya Desa Pakraman Kota Denpasar Nomor 14/12-\n SK/MMDP/VII/2014 tentang Penataan Penduduk Pendatang Di Desa \n Pakraman. \n\nKeputusan Wali Kota Denpasar Nomor 610, Tahun 2002 tentang Penertiban Penduduk   \nPendatang di Kota Denpasar. \n\nMas\u2019udi, A. 2005. Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Yogyakarta: PT Tiga \nSerangkai. \n\nMeter, Donald Van dan Carl Van Horn. 1975 \u201cThe Policy Implementation Process: A \nConceptual Framework\u201d dalam Administration and Society 6, 1975, London: Sage. \n\nPrewitt, K. 1973. Labyrinths of Democrac. India-napolis. Boobs-Merrill.  \n\nPeraturan Wali Kota Denpasar Nomor 12, Tahun 2013 tentang Penghentian Pungutan \n Restribusi Kota Denpasar. \n\nPerda Provinsi Bali No. 5, tahun 2001 tentang Desa Pakraman. \n\nPerda Provinsi Bali Nomor 3, Tahun 2003 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Daerah \n Provinsi Bali No 3, Tahun 2001 tentang Desa Pakramani.", "start_char_idx": 40914, "end_char_idx": 43198, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "aea99324-1ae2-4e72-8c37-13e7e596f886": {"__data__": {"id_": "aea99324-1ae2-4e72-8c37-13e7e596f886", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-57287", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "a8fb00c0fcf456eed71ec2f4c691973e727c21d106d197b89e2d76f406298d75", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "432d5d0b-e146-4e91-a835-6a95aa84ebf0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "4c108cf8ec3966439c5f98a6626811587aaececf81771f50ecc9c7f02cfab4b5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8a6f60e8-143e-41a4-b048-90acf11afc1c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "50cc14799fbb4bce6f547f6180fa081918fb2e07a7f09fd6e7366cbb202c84cd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                               May 2019 Vol. 12, Number 2, Page 47-61   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n61 \n \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2003. Hipersemiotika Tafsir Cultural Studie Atas Matinya  Makna. \nYogyakarta : Jalasutra.  \n\nProfil Desa Tegal Harum Tahun 2014. \n\nSudibia. 2004. \u201cPendayagunaan Hasil Registrasi Penduduk untuk Penyusunan  Proyeksi \nPenduduk\u201d. (Disertasi). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana. \n\nSuprawoto. 2007. \u201cLayanan Publik Melalui E-Government tentang Pelayanan KTP Online \noleh Pemerintah Kota Surabaya\u201d. (disertasi). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana. \n\nSutrisno, Muji 2005. Teori-Teori Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nSurat Keputusan Wali Kota Denpasar Nomor 610, Tahun 2002 tentang Perubahan Surat \nKeputusan Wali Kota Denpasar Nomor 593, Tahun 2000 tentang Penertiban \nPenduduk Pendatang. \n\nUndang-Undang Nomor 25, Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik.", "start_char_idx": 43203, "end_char_idx": 44260, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8a6f60e8-143e-41a4-b048-90acf11afc1c": {"__data__": {"id_": "8a6f60e8-143e-41a4-b048-90acf11afc1c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58319", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "68ff0cdce1ea5d835b0c30924e70b2e6f95956b9ce1477e485d5741ad83d2180", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "aea99324-1ae2-4e72-8c37-13e7e596f886", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-57287", "author": "Merta, I Nengah; Anom Kumbara, A.A. Ngurah; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Darmana, Ketut", "title": " DISMANTLING PUBLIC SERVICE PRACTICES IN THE ISSUANCE OF RESIDENT IDENTITY CARD IN TEGAL HARUM VILLAGE, DENPASAR", "date": "2019-05-31", "file": "ecs-57287.pdf"}, "hash": "1b620e29e3622b6c1a57bdabeddfa0c2af801c320f33f7c0b32a9c9f15c3667d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ccf19520-4b4d-4a0e-9315-c3b51f40a595", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c1731f163fda0e77bd0528e48975e4844414d617b8bf43c4b94c28ca4efaca5a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Ida Bagus Surya Suputra 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\n \nTHE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN \n\nBUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE \n\n \n\nIda Bagus Putu Surya Suputra  \n \n\nPrivate Entrepreneur \n \n\nidabagusputusuryasuputra@ymail.com \n \n \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 10-03-2019 \nAccepted Date : 22-06-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-08-2019 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \n This study discusses the existence of United Nusa Dua in its efforts to seize the \ntourism market in Bualu Village, Benoa District, amid accelerating the tourism sector. The \nrapid of tourism in this area make the crisis for the peoples especially for their identity. Now, \nthese things being a problems when the tourism aspect doesn\u2019t give the contribution for local \npeoples and for the latest, it raises the movement of United Nusa Dua. The issues appear in \nthis study are (1) Why United Nusa Dua doing the struggle to seize the tourism market? (2) \nHow is the struggling process of Nusa Dua Bersatu in seizing the tourism market? (3) What \nis the meaning of United Nusa Dua struggle for local communities in Bualu Village?. This \nstudy is using a qualitative research, in which the subject of this study discusses the \noccurrence of hegemony by the authorities (both local authorities and entrepreneurs capital), \nin its efforts toward reducing the local tradition into modern ideology that already bring with \nthem. The results showed the initial formation of Civil Society Organizations United Nusa Dua \nas a form of local resistance in an effort to maintain its presence in the midst of the \ndevelopment of the tourism industry in their region. As for the function of the United Nusa \nDua is doing resistance to things that are not yet considered for the local community, and \nunite the indigenous villagers as a form of community resistance in the struggle to seize the \ntourism. \n\nKeywords: struggle, United Nusa Dua, Tourism Market \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nThe beginning of the development of tourism in the Bualu Indigenous Village can be \n\nsaid to have started since 1976 which was built with the concept of an integrated tourism area \n\nthat is far from residential communities. This area is known as the BTDC (Bali Tourism \n\nDevelopment Corporation) which has now changed its name to ITDC (Indonesia Tourism", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2605, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ccf19520-4b4d-4a0e-9315-c3b51f40a595": {"__data__": {"id_": "ccf19520-4b4d-4a0e-9315-c3b51f40a595", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58319", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "68ff0cdce1ea5d835b0c30924e70b2e6f95956b9ce1477e485d5741ad83d2180", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8a6f60e8-143e-41a4-b048-90acf11afc1c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "713d77becb835e2da27cec3cd7daebf57f83bc485a0d974679cacd697d9e1a87", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "78fa075d-899f-45e9-8ed9-bfb3a8e8966d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cd33bbd7069a265bf7ec65ef31b45ac087208030083b8bc3eae65b0fe3f4d276", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\nDevelopment Corporation). In its development, the benefits obtained by the region, whether \n\nhotel entrepreneurs, renters, and other businesses in the area are not balanced with \n\ncompensation and socio-cultural values that have been sacrificed by the community from the \n\nbeginning of the area development planning. Various pressures are also experienced by \n\nlandowners. Inevitably the land must be released with the calculation of getting \n\ncompensation. However, the compensation process is felt to be very convoluted and even far \n\nfrom reality (Madiun, 2010: 9-10). \n\nThe development of tourism in the Bualu Indigenous Village area is inseparable from \n\nthe role of the community who have positive thoughts on the entry of tourism in the region. \n\nRevenue of sufficient economic value in the lives of local people is a demand for achieving \n\ncommunity welfare. On that basis, the involvement of local communities from the beginning \n\nof development until now needs to be considered by providing space in the involvement and \n\ncontribution of tourism to local communities. \n\nDevelopment of excessive modernization is one of the factors causing the decline of \n\nthe existence of local communities in Nusa Dua. Modernization shows its focus on significant \n\neconomic development through technology and patterns of luxury life, even fatal when \n\nmodernization results in the uniformity of life patterns as in the West. Economic demands are \n\nincreasingly high with consumptive lifestyles, leading to turmoil over the struggle for \n\nemployment under the construction of capitalist power. Money becomes the desire to achieve \n\ndesires. As said by Burhanuddin that the present of tourism seems to move more towards \n\nindustrialization and leaving culture-based tourism (Burhanuddin, 2008: 67). \n\nUtilization of natural resources is more dominantly carried out by the capital owner \n\ncommunity. Large economic capital facilitates entrepreneurs in building image in its \n\ndevelopment. In line with Suryawan's view, now colonialism is still happening, no longer with \n\nweapons and war, but through sedition and tourism images through brochures, scientific \n\nworks, and millions of romantic publications (Suryawan, 2005: 21-22). Problems in tourism \n\nled to the emergence of community movements in the form of a unity forum (Nusa Dua \n\nBersatu). Nusa Dua Bersatu was established on March 11, 2012 with 650 members. The \n\nformation of Nusa Dua Bersatu also shows the movement of the community in responding to \n\nthe development of tourism in the area. The emergence of such an organization is a form of \n\ndisappointment with local leaders in ensuring the welfare of their communities. In its \n\nmovement Nusa Dua Bersatu is dominated by efforts to find jobs for local people.", "start_char_idx": 2610, "end_char_idx": 5672, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "78fa075d-899f-45e9-8ed9-bfb3a8e8966d": {"__data__": {"id_": "78fa075d-899f-45e9-8ed9-bfb3a8e8966d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58319", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "68ff0cdce1ea5d835b0c30924e70b2e6f95956b9ce1477e485d5741ad83d2180", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ccf19520-4b4d-4a0e-9315-c3b51f40a595", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "d8b2492bd399c243455e0f0b5eb4b58b6d3d8148e39d3c3ed0e5a00b88bad3ff", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "920e5e51-aa03-4d3f-8575-8bdc12168cee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8885d23950233fb018df55f5c22e3743fb34ed49f2091a540961983b34d49137", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nBased on this explanation, the problems discussed in this study are (1) Why does Nusa Dua \n\nBersatu struggle to seize the tourism market? (2) What is the Nusa Dua United struggle in \n\ncapturing the tourism market? (3) What is the meaning of the Nusa Dua Bersatu struggle for \n\nthe local community of Adat Bualu Village? \n\n  \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThe design of this study uses qualitative methods that emphasize ethical, emic, and \n\nholistic thick descriptions through cultural studies approaches. The location of the study was \n\nconducted in Adat Bualu Village, Kuta Selatan District, Badung Regency, Bali. The location \n\nwas chosen based on the consideration that the Bualu Adat Village is one of the villages in \n\nSouth Kuta which directly impacts the impact of modern tourism. \n\nTypes and sources of data used in this study are qualitative data as primary data and \n\nquantitative data as supporting data and use two data sources, namely (1) primary data \n\nsources obtained directly from informants, (2) secondary data sources obtained from second \n\nsources or secondary sources of needed data such as textbooks, village documents and \n\nmonographs. The technique of determining the informants is the informants (subjects) who \n\nare competent, have relevance to the social settings under study. The research instrument is \n\nequipped with interview guidelines, sound recording devices, cameras, and stationery. \n\nData collection techniques in this study data collection techniques used were \n\nobservation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out during the \n\nresearch in a qualitative and interpretive manner. The theory used as the basis of analysis is \n\nthe theory of power discourse from Foucault which discusses the description and analysis of \n\ndiscourse that has a certain historical and material impact relating to discursive practices and \n\ndiscourse formation (Barker, 2011: 21). In addition, the theory of hegemony by Gramsci is a \n\ntheory that discusses social classes that undergo social power and authority to gain \n\nleadership by means of strength and approval (Barker, 2011: 63). Hegemony creates a \n\nsituation where the ruling group exercises social authority and also conducts leadership of \n\nthe classes below it with a combination of power and agreement (Barker, 2014: 119). \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nThis research was conducted in the Adat Bualu Village which is one of the villages \n\naffected by tourism in the Nusa Dua area of Benoa Village. Bualu Traditional Village as the \n\nbasis for the establishment of Nusa Dua Bersatu. The background or factors that led to the", "start_char_idx": 5677, "end_char_idx": 8582, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "920e5e51-aa03-4d3f-8575-8bdc12168cee": {"__data__": {"id_": "920e5e51-aa03-4d3f-8575-8bdc12168cee", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58319", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "68ff0cdce1ea5d835b0c30924e70b2e6f95956b9ce1477e485d5741ad83d2180", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "78fa075d-899f-45e9-8ed9-bfb3a8e8966d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "11150adc82f9b522e4a12d7fcae9db30e76b94c503761d1d31ed4d9c71d64842", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "278e927a-f671-4233-9a85-3b05936994aa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5c8e6cb1b0116f71bea94afaf82143b3d25aeec49aae070dc39bdc76e7861dfb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\nestablishment of the Unified Nusa Dua Ormas are as a form of resistance and struggle of \n\nlocal people in utilizing the tourism market opportunities in the Bualu Traditional Village. Adat \n\nBualu Village is a village that is affected by tourism more than villages in the Benoa District. \n\nThe Nusa Dua United struggle began with the intimidation felt by the local community \n\nfrom investors and local authorities in the field of tourism. The view of tourism development \n\nthat promises economic opportunities for local residents is not always true. The case of Bualu \n\nVillage shows that the economic opportunities provided by the development of tourism have \n\nfailed to be exploited by local residents. This is due to the lack of disclosure of information \n\nprovided by the authorities and the lack of maximum performance of local authorities in their \n\nefforts to protect and empower their people. This condition then causes local people to be \n\nincreasingly left behind in competition in the world of tourism, especially in terms of getting \n\ndecent jobs in the field of tourism. \n\nThe demand for the contribution of tourism to local people becomes the main basis of \n\nthe main struggle of Nusa Dua Bersatu. The rapid development of tourism in the area has led \n\nto local people not willing to be a guest in their own area. Referring to Sukardika's opinion \n\nthat globalization has affected the disintegration of socio-cultural life, melting in the swift flow \n\nof waves of western cultures (Sukardika, 2004: 64-65). \n\nThe development of tourism which is now rapidly making local people do various things \n\nin their struggle. Tourism is a tour activity that touches directly on the local community, so \n\nthat the activity has an impact on the local community (Pitana and Gayatri, 2005: 109). The \n\nformation of Nusa Dua Bersatu as a form of existence of the local community will be its \n\nexistence. The struggle carried out by Nusa Dua Bersatu is dominated by seeking \n\nemployment, besides carrying out social activities, and as an effort to unite villages. In \n\naddition, carrying out aspirations, cooperating with local authorities, and also entrepreneurs \n\nto take concrete actions in an effort to improve people's welfare. It is expected that local \n\ncommunities will be given space to get involved and get decent work so that people get \n\nexperience in working, especially in star hotels. \n\nThe meaning that can be drawn from the struggle of Nusa Dua Bersatu is to make local \n\npeople realize that local communities will be increasingly squeezed amidst the brunt of \n\ntourism. This awareness led to the emergence of new views in the community, namely the \n\nemergence of new paradigms in its efforts to improve the quality of self both in education and \n\nspiritual morals, the emergence of an awareness of loving one's homeland in an effort to \n\nmaintain the existence of the village, and the community experiencing awareness of the", "start_char_idx": 8587, "end_char_idx": 11820, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "278e927a-f671-4233-9a85-3b05936994aa": {"__data__": {"id_": "278e927a-f671-4233-9a85-3b05936994aa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58319", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "68ff0cdce1ea5d835b0c30924e70b2e6f95956b9ce1477e485d5741ad83d2180", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "920e5e51-aa03-4d3f-8575-8bdc12168cee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "81f532afb0d70601d542190d24da0941c814e28fbc9337bf4baf1aa50cf2a14d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f20f2952-656b-4bcc-af30-54a8023f798a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "91f48f615139e93a0a9b467628fe1eb7f71b42d847f4ab9f683ed5fdb0cdbd9e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\npotential of the village it has that others can't understand. The impact of tourism causes local \n\ncommunity resistance to the existence of tourism in the region to maintain and reach \n\nexpectations that tourism in the region can further contribute to the community and village \n\ndevelopment. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nThe entry of modern culture into a polemic in terms of maintaining local identity in the \n\nBualu Traditional Village. Cultural acculturation becomes problematic when differences \n\nbecome a differentiator in the role of the economy. Changes start from lifestyle changes to \n\nthe growth of high-level economic desires to the beginning of erosion of traditional identity. \n\nThe role of local authorities and capital entrepreneurs is key in decision making. Bitter impact \n\nwhen the development of tourism in the Bualu Traditional Village does not prioritize local \n\nwisdom. The emergence of Nusa Dua Bersatu as a form of local community resistance \n\nagainst businessmen and authorities. The business of seizing the tourism cake is dominating \n\nits movement. The desire to continue to exist in his native land is a fundamental reason for \n\nhis movement. Various views emerge from the elements of society. The growth of collective \n\nawareness becomes a new awareness in looking forward to its existence. \n\nThe results of this study have not yet been said and are far from perfect. Then it needs to be \n\nreviewed according to the development of community phenomena to raise public awareness \n\nof the need to care about the village as self-identity in order to exist independently. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nThank you to the author's parents for his blessing so that this research can be \n\ncompleted. Thank you also the authors say to the supervisor and all lecturers who have \n\nguided and provided input in this research process. In addition, the authors thank all the \n\nfriends and community who provided the aspirations of the authors in completing this study. \n\n . \n\nREFERENCES \n\nBarker, Chris. 2011. Cultural Studies Teori & Praktik. Bantul: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2014. Kamus Kajian Budaya. Sleman: PT. KANISIUS. \n\n \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 1-6   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\nBurhanuddin. 2008. Bali Yang Hilang Pendatang Islam Dan Etnisitas Di Bali. Yogyakarta: \nKanisius. \n\nGunawan. 2013. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Teori & Pranktik. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. \n\nMadiun, I Nyoman. 2010. Nusa Dua Model Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Modern. \nDenpasar: Udayana Universitas Press. \n\nSukardika. 2004. Menata Bali Ke Depan Kebijakan Kultural Pendidikan Dan Agama. \nDenpasar: CV Bali Media Adhikarsa. \n\nSuryawan I Ngurah. 2005. Bali Narasi Dalam Kuasa Politik dan Kekerasan dI Bali. \nYogyakarta: Ombak. \n\nPitana I Gede dan Putu G. Gayatri. 2005. Sosiologi Pariwisata. Yogyakarta: C.V Andi \nOffset.", "start_char_idx": 11825, "end_char_idx": 15176, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f20f2952-656b-4bcc-af30-54a8023f798a": {"__data__": {"id_": "f20f2952-656b-4bcc-af30-54a8023f798a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58321", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "2879a4169a3a142dc6908023e864505183f83d4a3cd47353a2dd1366d4396c32", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "278e927a-f671-4233-9a85-3b05936994aa", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58319", "author": "Suputra, Ida Bagus Putu Surya", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF UNITED NUSA DUA IN SEIZING TOURISM MARKET IN BUALU CUSTOMARY VILLAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58319.pdf"}, "hash": "51799622354280ea67941b5e232f9447745d64632647fadf59f798b39e21560c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bbc86ebc-1af0-4b8f-9f3a-518cb3e56e7f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c12a47972fa3242f0b7293e041fe57b1359b54adfc92dc33b76a4b5de461df28", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Maulana Sandi 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\n \nDISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO \n\nDETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE \n \n\nMaulana Sandijaya \n \n\nPrivate Entrepreneur \n \n\nemail: sandijaya15@gmail.com   \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 15-03-2019 \nAccepted Date : 26-06-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-08-2019 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nUNESCO made a movement to establish Taman Ayun temple as world culture \n\nheritage in 2012. Puri Ageng Mengwi as the owner of Taman Ayun temple considered \nrevitalization of Taman Ayun is the way to preserve cultural heritage. The revitalization is also \nfor beautifying Taman Ayun temple in order to give pleasure for visitors, it continuing from \n2013 until 2016. However, the revitalization emerged many pro and con between Mengwi and \nGulingan villages, part of society felt ignored and disturbed. For example, the \u201cpekaseh\u201d, Puri \nMayun Wed and Kaleran, merchants in Tenten market, and Badung Goverment. Theoriticaly, \nTaman Ayun Temple as world culture heritage should give advantages for society \nsurrounding, but in this case, farmer\u2019s members of Subak Beringkit and Bukti Batan badung \ndid not get any compensation from UNESCO and Taman Ayun. The condition showed up \nmany difference point of view, each sides conveyed their opinions and strongly defend their \nthoughts. This condition was very interesting to study the form of discourse, ideology behind \ndiscourse and implication of diskursus in reality. The researcher got all of those diskursus \nfrom interview, observation, and newspaper. This research used qualitative method by \ncollecting data through observation, interview and documentation from newspaper. Data \nanalyzed using hegemony theory, relasi kuasa theory, and kuasa pengetahuan theory. Those \nthree theories as the base in researching to uncover the problems in diskursus. The result of \nthe reasearch pointed out the differences of ideology behind diskursus management of \nTaman Ayun temple after UNESCO establish it as one of world culture heritage.  \n \nKeywords: manufacture, diskursus, Taman Ayun temple, world cultural heritage.  \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\nAs a predominantly Hindu area, Bali has many large temples. One of them is Taman \n\nAyun Temple in Mengwi Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency. This temple, which was \n\nbuilt in the 17th century, is the paibon (mother temple) Mengwi royal family. At the beginning \n\nof its establishment, aside from being a Mengwi royal family temple, Taman Ayun Temple", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2819, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bbc86ebc-1af0-4b8f-9f3a-518cb3e56e7f": {"__data__": {"id_": "bbc86ebc-1af0-4b8f-9f3a-518cb3e56e7f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58321", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "2879a4169a3a142dc6908023e864505183f83d4a3cd47353a2dd1366d4396c32", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f20f2952-656b-4bcc-af30-54a8023f798a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "7e7ac7b15ada98724759bb9351705527487c895363d03f7aed90aac7bdb82798", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "96f16957-9c2c-4146-9502-67bee242df48", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dc492f466a4184c051a6f859e4c67a99724a4be5d133073c51d5669c0d4037d6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nalso functioned as an interchange temple representing a number of large temples in Bali. By \n\npraying in Taman Ayun Temple, Hindus are like praying in other large temples in Bali. \n\nOver time, Taman Ayun Temple has become a tourist attraction. Taman Ayun Temple \n\nis increasingly famous after being designated as part of the World Cultural Heritage (WBD) \n\nor World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in the City of St. St. Petersburg, Russia, June 29, \n\n2012. Taman Ayun Temple is included in a package of Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: \n\nThe Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy. WBD status was \n\nwelcomed enthusiastically by Puri Ageng Mengwi as the owner and manager of Taman Ayun \n\nTemple. Physical revitalization or arrangement of areas outside Taman Ayun Temple is \n\ncarried out for three years in a row (2013-2015). The establishment of Taman Ayun Temple \n\nas part of the WBD and physical revitalization affects the level of tourist arrivals, especially \n\nforeign tourists. Based on data from the Regional Tourism Office (Disparda) of Badung \n\nRegency, the level of tourist visits to Taman Ayun Temple in general increased by an average \n\nof 20-30%. \n\nHowever, the physical revitalization of Taman Ayun Temple and the surge in tourist \n\narrivals caused many contradictions. The manager of Taman Ayun Temple under Puri Ageng \n\nMengwi felt that the physical arrangement was aimed at both tourism and maintaining the \n\nWBD label. On the other hand, many parties feel disadvantaged and marginalized. One of \n\nthem is a small trader in Tenten Market who loses after being relocated. Seeing the swift \n\nphenomena of contradictions and discourse struggles between the community and the \n\nmanager of Taman Ayun Temple, the writer is interested in examining Taman Ayun Temple \n\nunder the title \"Discourse on the Development and Management of Taman Ayun Temple after \n\nbeing established by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage\". The research problem is \n\nformulated into the following questions. (1) what is the form of discourse on the management \n\nof the Taman Ayun Temple after it has been established as a world cultural heritage; (2) the \n\nideology behind the discourse; (3) discourse implications. \n\nThe purpose of this research is to find out whether the management of Taman Ayun \n\nTemple after being determined as a world cultural heritage, can provide benefits for local \n\nresidents. This is because the stipulation of Taman Ayun Temple as a world cultural heritage \n\nis based on the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, by reflecting on socio-economic and religious \n\nfunctions. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD", "start_char_idx": 2824, "end_char_idx": 5747, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "96f16957-9c2c-4146-9502-67bee242df48": {"__data__": {"id_": "96f16957-9c2c-4146-9502-67bee242df48", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58321", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "2879a4169a3a142dc6908023e864505183f83d4a3cd47353a2dd1366d4396c32", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bbc86ebc-1af0-4b8f-9f3a-518cb3e56e7f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "2216821449e306509e40c0221efaccc311c386dfa7cfa5e047a25e05c6008577", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5c5aa653-ddeb-48ad-8a64-5c2461589a5c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "440eecc6b5d2eb3a3beef138db5df5b8de33dca88e8e91be72121436653d5ca6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\nThis research is a qualitative research paradigm of cultural studies (cultural studies). \n\nThe data collection was carried out with in-depth interview techniques with various relevant \n\ninformants who had an attachment to Taman Ayun Temple. Starting from Puri Ageng Mengwi, \n\nmanagers, pekaseh, and traders. Next, the researcher made observations to observe the \n\nphenomena that occurred after Taman Ayun Temple was designated as part of the world \n\ncultural heritage. While the document study is carried out to obtain related documents. One \n\nof them is looking for print media news data in the 2014-2016 news. \n\nThe collected data were analyzed with qualitative analysis techniques through \n\nhegemony theory, power relations theory and the power theory of knowledge. According to \n\nthe theory of hegemony, the phenomenon of attempts to maintain power by the authorities. \n\nThe said authority has broad meaning, not only limited to the state authority (government). \n\nHegemony can be defined as the dominance of one group over another group, with or without \n\nthe threat of violence, so ideas dictated by the dominant group to the dominated group can \n\nbe accepted as something that is reasonable (common sense). While the theory of power \n\nrelations, talking about power, discourse, and knowledge are inseparable aspects. The issue \n\nof power is always directly proportional to knowledge and knowledge always intersects with \n\ndiscourse or discourse, so that between knowledge, discourse and power is always relational. \n\nKnowledge and power have a reciprocal relationship. This is also what is seen and seen in \n\nthe management discourse of Taman Ayun Temple after being designated as a world cultural \n\nheritage. \n\n \n\nRESULTS OF THE RESEARCH \n\nThe results showed that the discourse of Taman Ayun Temple management after being \n\nestablished by UNESCO as part of world cultural heritage occurred in various events. Among \n\nother sources of funds used for the revitalization project outside the Taman Ayun Temple. \n\nFunds for repairs were taken from the Badung ABPD. The total funds spent on the \n\ndevelopment of Taman Ayun Temple since 2013-2016, amounted to Rp 31 billion. The \n\nwithdrawal of funds from the Badung APBD became a discourse because Taman Ayun \n\nTemple was a private temple owned by Puri Ageng Mengwi. This discourse also involved the \n\nBadung DPRD circle. The second form of discourse was the response of the people of the \n\nGulingan and Mengwi villages to the Taman Ayun Temple revitalization project. People who \n\nwere annoyed reacted by protesting by putting up banners in the temple to the east side of \n\nBentar. The banners contain the demolition signature of the temple briefly. Gulingan villagers", "start_char_idx": 5752, "end_char_idx": 8768, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5c5aa653-ddeb-48ad-8a64-5c2461589a5c": {"__data__": {"id_": "5c5aa653-ddeb-48ad-8a64-5c2461589a5c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58321", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "2879a4169a3a142dc6908023e864505183f83d4a3cd47353a2dd1366d4396c32", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "96f16957-9c2c-4146-9502-67bee242df48", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "f42f352384b7cddd872b2521e3f4f32596d4f3e4d58ea8401f692983a241352d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "846866be-2cba-4a9d-bfaf-abcfabefec68", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fe89c0d0b50655faf19f38b277ef3e2bdf5ffc999943f7e05ef6834dc06480e9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\nalso came directly to Puri guna convey aspirations. The arrival of the residents rollicking to \n\nPuri is a rare and unexpected event. The people of Gulingan Village as a traditional society \n\nare always obedient to Puri Ageng Mengwi as a traditional ruler. This can be related to the \n\nconcept of \"God of the King\" that the king is a manifestation of God or God in the world \n\n(Ardika, 2015: 15). \n\nThe fact of the discourse and the resilience of citizens is in agreement that discourse is \n\na means of producing citizen resistance to the dominance of the authorities. In Damanik \n\n(2010), discourse theory looks for how social practices articulate and contrast the discourse \n\nthat shapes social reality. The social reality referred to in this case is the conflict between Puri \n\nAgeng Mengwi and other interested parties. \n\nThe results also showed the interests or ideology of the parties involved in the discourse. The \n\nmost visible ideology is the political ideology of power and economic ideology. Economic \n\nideology seen an increase in the number of tourist visits. However, this level of visit did not \n\nhave a significant impact on the economy of the surrounding community who worked as \n\ntraders. While the political ideology of power is evident in the efforts of the Taman Ayun \n\nTemple management to approach the local government to make Taman Ayun Temple a \n\nleading tourist attraction. This can be marked by the budget for the arrangement of Taman \n\nAyun Temple which is taken from the Badung Regency Regional Budget. In this ideological \n\npractice, Puri Ageng Mengwi can be called using the patron client ideology. The patron client \n\nideology itself places two parties, one party as a patron and the other party as a client. This \n\nrelationship involves instrumental friendship where an individual with a higher socio-economic \n\nstatus (patron) uses his influence and resources to provide protection and / or benefits for \n\nsomeone with a lower status (client). In turn, clients respond by offering general support and \n\nassistance including personal services to patrons. \n\nRecent research shows the implications or impacts of the management discourse in \n\nTaman Ayun Temple after being designated as a world cultural heritage. One who felt \n\nvictimized was a trader at Tenten Market. The arrangement of the outer area of Taman Ayun \n\nTemple touched dozens of stalls of traders who used to sell at the edge of the road in front of \n\nTaman Ayun Temple. Traders who used to sell using carts and relocated tables made a new \n\nplace. The new place is about 50 meters from the entrance to Taman Ayun Temple. \n\nUnfortunately this new place is not strategic so it makes the market quiet. Many traders moved \n\nto new place. This ineffective relocation actually led to new traders selling at the edge of the \n\nroad in front of Taman Ayun Temple.", "start_char_idx": 8773, "end_char_idx": 11922, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "846866be-2cba-4a9d-bfaf-abcfabefec68": {"__data__": {"id_": "846866be-2cba-4a9d-bfaf-abcfabefec68", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58321", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "2879a4169a3a142dc6908023e864505183f83d4a3cd47353a2dd1366d4396c32", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5c5aa653-ddeb-48ad-8a64-5c2461589a5c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "778f40c524021f41a2f2edf2ee235820ecc13b0e2e8f4119a20f71a2a3839426", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a93fd923-5b22-4511-b3cd-9cf30e395e96", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f1fdf3a72f76bd507f6c7c9994a830ef749c3b26e4bb2d8cbbb87eb05be93cd4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nThis is not in accordance with the basis of UNESCO to establish Taman Ayun Temple \n\nas a world cultural heritage because it is based on the outstanding universal value of the Tri \n\nHita Karana philosophy. The main objective of determining as a world cultural heritage is to \n\nincrease the preservation of the region, empowering the community in managing the area, \n\nmaintaining ecological balance and realizing agricultural revitalization. The main objective \n\nmust be in accordance with the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana which emphasizes the \n\nimportance of harmonious human relations with God (Parhyangan), with each other \n\n(Pawongan), and with the natural environment (Palemahan). This means, the philosophy of \n\nTri Hita Karana is very important to be applied in the management of world cultural heritage \n\nas a tourist attraction (Ardika, 2015: 14). However, the fact is that disharmony occurs between \n\nmanagers and local resources. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\n Based on the description above it can be concluded, that the discourse that occurred in \n\nthe management of Taman Ayun Temple after UNESCO was designated as part of world \n\ncultural heritage contained the hegemony and dominance of Puri Ageng Mengwi over other \n\nparties. The implications of the policy are resistance from citizens. The meaning of resistance \n\nwas seen from the brave traders selling at the edge of the road in front of Taman Ayun \n\nTemple. As a tourist attraction that has been recognized by the world, Taman Ayun Temple \n\nthat looks calm on the surface turns out to keep turmoil in it. Even though the turmoil at a \n\ncursory glance does not seem the attitude of the community shy towards Puri Ageng Mengwi \n\nas a traditional ruler. Supposedly, Taman Ayun Temple as a Hindu holy place that has \n\nreceived world recognition can provide positive benefits for the surrounding community. Puri \n\nAgeng Mengwi should be more sensitive to the wishes of the surrounding community. The \n\npublic wants Taman Ayun Temple to be proud and at the same time be able to raise the \n\npeople's economic status. The main purpose of establishing Taman Ayun Temple as a world \n\ncultural heritage must be in accordance with the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, which \n\nemphasizes the importance of harmonious human relations with God (Parhyangan), with \n\neach other (Pawongan), and with the natural environment (Palemahan). \n\n \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT", "start_char_idx": 11927, "end_char_idx": 14636, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a93fd923-5b22-4511-b3cd-9cf30e395e96": {"__data__": {"id_": "a93fd923-5b22-4511-b3cd-9cf30e395e96", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58321", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "2879a4169a3a142dc6908023e864505183f83d4a3cd47353a2dd1366d4396c32", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "846866be-2cba-4a9d-bfaf-abcfabefec68", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "584679587b0d5d2b96ac3a32c1fa65b487a486005ba3bc3f3d86d81486b68313", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "59b2a170-a7d5-4cf9-ae99-d1d2108f81a5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a82c2141a85f3d9992aa4b919203ed83d4cb5b5a0d912554ff758585325ca281", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                            August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 7-12   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\nThe researcher would like to thank all those who have helped complete this research. Thank \n\nyou to supervisor I; Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Darma Putra, M.Litt, who has taught how to write \n\nscientific papers that are good, correct and easy to read. Thank you also to supervisor II; Dr. \n\nI Gusti Ketut Arsana, M.Sc who already give ideas and input. Appreciation was also conveyed \n\nfor all parties who could not be mentioned one by one. The author would like to thank all those \n\nwho have facilitated this research. \n\n \n \nREFERENCES \n \nArdika, I Wayan, dkk. 2015. Implementasi Tri Hita Karana Dalam Pengelolaan Warisan \n\nBudaya Dunia Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Di Bali. Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.  \n\nDinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Badung. 2013. Profil Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Badung.  \n\nDinas Kebudayaan Provinsi Bali. 2013. Cultural Landscape of Bali World Heritage Site.  \n\nGeria, I Wayan, dkk. 2012. Konservasi Pusaka Budaya Kabupaten Badung. Badung: Dinas \nKebudayaan Kabupaten Badung.  \n\nWidiarta, I Nyoman. 2015. Pengelolaan Daya Tarik Wisata Pura Taman Ayun Sebagai Bagian \nDari Warisan Budaya Dunia (tesis). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.", "start_char_idx": 14641, "end_char_idx": 16079, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "59b2a170-a7d5-4cf9-ae99-d1d2108f81a5": {"__data__": {"id_": "59b2a170-a7d5-4cf9-ae99-d1d2108f81a5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58352", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "6ddb9dea6a6072b69f64ac3c392aef88fac5056206a46843e0931bb4032d6358", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a93fd923-5b22-4511-b3cd-9cf30e395e96", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58321", "author": "Sandijaya, Maulana", "title": " DISCURSUS OF MANAGEMENT OF TAMAN AYUN TEMPLE AFTER UNESCO DETERMINED AS A PART OF WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58321.pdf"}, "hash": "eae8ec44627bd2da1a83f833633a1c601f846c9121440758fd06b8617def16d8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0c083470-2998-435b-88c6-ffdccc7c374a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8ff1e83ae7b93835e67fadce9e90102ef9c13c1dff63e0d5547d43f57a36adb1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Artajaya 3\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 13-17   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\n \nEXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE \nIN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG \n\n \n\nMade Artajaya1, I Gede Mudana2 \n\n1Politeknik Pariwisata Bali, 2Politeknik Negeri Bali \n\nemail: 1artajayamade10@gmail.com, 2igedemudana@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 18-03-2019 \nAccepted Date : 26-06-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-08-2019 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \n\n The growth of new tour and travel agents in Bali targeting the tourist market from Germany has \ncreated intense competition among travel bureaus. This causes a decrease in the number of German \ntourists who use the services of a travel agency PT. NDBT. The purpose of this study was to analyze \nthe existential struggle that occurred at PT NDBT conducted by German-speaking guides. The \nresearch problems are 1) how the hegemony and counter hegemony that occurred in PT. NDBT, the \nfactors causing and the implications for the PT NDBT. This study uses a qualitative method. Data \ncollection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The theory used \nis the theory of hegemony, social practice theory and the theory of communicative action in an eclectic \nmanner. The results showed that the existential struggle carried out by German guides on the corporate \nhegemony practice of PT. NDBT against guides as a coordinated party is a counter hegemony. \nSupporting factors for the German-speaking touristic licensing struggle is the decline in the number of \nGerman tourists using PT.NDBT services in Bali. As a result, the implication posed by the existential \nstruggle is the desire to stimulate themselves in carrying out scouting work. In addition, guides must \nalso increase knowledge of the German language and knowledge of the field of guidance. Existential \nstruggle also has implications for the meaning of communication for fellow German tour guides, \n \nKeywords: existential struggle, German tour guides, tourists, Germany, travel agency. \n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nTourism has become one of the important sectors in the development and development \n\nof the island of Bali. Bali can become famous and attractive to tourists as it is today because \n\nit has something very special and interesting. This has led to a growing number of German-\n\nspeaking tourists coming to Bali. The increasing number of German-speaking tourists visiting \n\nBali in the past six years has made Bali one of the world's tourist destinations. The increasing \n\nnumber of German-speaking tourists visiting Bali was also followed by the growth of new tour \n\nand travel agents targeting the German tourist market. The growing number of travel agents", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2992, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0c083470-2998-435b-88c6-ffdccc7c374a": {"__data__": {"id_": "0c083470-2998-435b-88c6-ffdccc7c374a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58352", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "6ddb9dea6a6072b69f64ac3c392aef88fac5056206a46843e0931bb4032d6358", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "59b2a170-a7d5-4cf9-ae99-d1d2108f81a5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "d93a2c4e3bb8b07cb8eb81a48f88cd5d0744639775ea4dffbbd5a943f6e152d8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "81e65c2c-a501-421d-9f0b-9dd291f1aaf4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e6d0dbb5923cdc17b198c5b0c61f4e63be1fa967edfe0e1f0dc6d80914fd4f0e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 13-17   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\nis also influenced by the existence of a free market (global market) which gives authority to \n\ntravel agents in Germany to be free to choose travel agents that can be invited to work \n\ntogether. \n\nThe decline in the number of German-speaking tourists using PT. NDBT, automatically \n\ncauses a decrease in the intensity of the scouting work provided by PT. NDBT to German \n\ntour guides. Therefore, travel agents are also required to develop new tourism markets in \n\naddition to tourists who speak German. Formulation of the problem, what is the form of the \n\nGerman guides' existential struggle, what factors support the existence of German guides' \n\nexistential struggle, what are the implications of the German guides' existential struggle. The \n\ngeneral aim of the research is to know the German tour guides' activities. The specific \n\nobjective is to obtain answers to the problem formulation. Research is expected to provide \n\ntheoretical benefits to increase academic insight in scientific development for universities. \n\nPractical benefits are taken into consideration for people who are interested in becoming \n\nGerman-speaking guides, as contributions of ideas to the government, and tourism \n\npractitioners in Badung regency. \n\nTo analyze this problem, three theories are used eclectically, namely the theory of \n\nhegemony, the theory of social practice, and the theory of communicative action. The \n\nhegemony theory is used to analyze the form of existential struggle carried out by German-\n\nspeaking guides and the factors supporting the struggle, social practice theory is used to \n\nsharpen the analysis of the causes of existential struggle, while the communicative action \n\ntheory is used to analyze the implications of German-speaking existential guides on Nusa \n\nDua Bali Tours and Travel. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\n This study uses qualitative and interpretive methods in cultural studies, with data \n\ncollection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The determination \n\nof the informants in this study was carried out purposively. The data obtained are sourced \n\nfrom primary data and secondary data. Then the data is analyzed by presenting the results \n\nof data analysis and to further draw conclusions. \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\nThe results showed that the existential struggle carried out by German-speaking guides \n\nwas the existence of hegemony on the part of travel agents who supplied German-speaking", "start_char_idx": 2997, "end_char_idx": 5744, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "81e65c2c-a501-421d-9f0b-9dd291f1aaf4": {"__data__": {"id_": "81e65c2c-a501-421d-9f0b-9dd291f1aaf4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58352", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "6ddb9dea6a6072b69f64ac3c392aef88fac5056206a46843e0931bb4032d6358", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0c083470-2998-435b-88c6-ffdccc7c374a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "cc3bcf3db3bd36cdaeb828bee26524f2b82023328d2b1e1e9d92657e2c4149fa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d47f5794-cb1a-48ab-aa38-1749b11912fe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d69ae90637d0b38e7def08f0ab0c6140cb4fce554c97146ebdb742d83c8db0d1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 13-17   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\ntourists to PT. NDBT. Furthermore, the hegemony of the corporation PT. NDBT to German \n\nspeaking guides as a subordinate party in handling German-speaking tourism as stated in \n\nthe tour packages that have been packaged by PT. NDBT starts from pick-up on arrival, tour, \n\nmeeting service, or when sending German-speaking tourists back to their home country. This \n\nis where the hegemony theory works put forward by Gramsci. PT. NDBT with their knowledge \n\nin the form of knowledge about tour packages and organizing the work of guides who have \n\nalready set scouting scenarios in advance. \n\nWith the hegemony carried out, both by the travel agents in Germany against PT. \n\nNDBT, as well as the hegemony carried out by PT. NDBT to German-speaking guides creates \n\ncounter-hegemony for guides to fight for their work as guides to continue working as German-\n\nlanguage tour guides, in response to German-speaking guides by working professionally \n\naccording to the rules and ethical codes applied by HPI and the rules Guidance applied by \n\nPT. NDBT. In addition, the guides also build new properties in the form of good \n\ncommunication to German-speaking tourists who are being guided, as well as \n\ncommunications made to other companies with the aim is if PT. NDBT assigns German-\n\nspeaking tour guides to reduced guides, guides continue to work to guide German-speaking \n\ntourists from private property guides that have been built or German-speaking tourists \n\nprovided by other tour and travel companies that also have the same tourist market as PT. \n\nNDBT. Another effort undertaken by tour guides in their efforts to maintain their work is to \n\ncontinually increase their knowledge in the form of German language knowledge, knowledge \n\nof tour guides, and other knowledge in the form of knowledge about Balinese culture and \n\nother general knowledge which would be useful in carrying out their work by attending training \n\ngood training conducted by DPD HPI or by other similar organizations. \n\nThe supporting factors for the existential struggle are (1) the development of an \n\nincreasingly globalized world tourism market and also the existence of a free market (global \n\nmarket), so that the development of world tourism is increasing. Besides this, the supporting \n\nfactors for the struggle carried out by German-speaking guides are (2) German language \n\nmarket share, (3) German-speaking countries, (4) German-speaking guides' abilities and (5) \n\ncharacteristics of German tourists. \n\nFrom the above review it shows that there is a link between ideology, cultural life and \n\nsocial formation. These are nothing but forms of social practice, the determination of positions \n\nin the form of ideological struggles or battles between interest groups that culminates in the \n\nform of a power that is taken over voluntarily by the dominated ones which Gramsci claims", "start_char_idx": 5749, "end_char_idx": 8911, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d47f5794-cb1a-48ab-aa38-1749b11912fe": {"__data__": {"id_": "d47f5794-cb1a-48ab-aa38-1749b11912fe", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58352", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "6ddb9dea6a6072b69f64ac3c392aef88fac5056206a46843e0931bb4032d6358", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "81e65c2c-a501-421d-9f0b-9dd291f1aaf4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "fba961526351d116500830b28747e1a2501b64addefbe01101735e9a66db91b9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "13e6ce11-93cb-463b-a99d-d85e4a9a9cf2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "166829df32073ffeba93f15ca27232139a13667622ecdfde94985687e7bab5ad", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 13-17   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\nas hegemony and ways to defend it ( Simon, 2004: xix). Likewise, the view of Bourdieu (Fasri, \n\n2007: 96) the group that controls and wins the ideological struggle means that they will gain \n\nmastery, this victory is called the victory of cultural capital which will determine its social \n\nrelations. \n\nThe implication of the existential struggle is its implication for guides in the form of \n\nawareness of German-speaking tour guides about the importance of working as a \n\nprofessional German-speaking tour guide, knowing and understanding ethics and guiding \n\nnorms and being proficient in using German to remain employed as German-language tour \n\nguides at PT. NDBT, for the economic survival of the German-speaking tour guide and his \n\nfamily. In addition to the aforementioned impacts, another implication is the implications for \n\nthe development of Balinese culture which is increasingly increasing by the existence of a \n\ntour guide that leads German tourists to a tourist attraction. With the German-speaking \n\ntourists visiting a tourist attraction that is guided by German-speaking guides automatically \n\nawakens the passion of the arts and culture practitioners because it is a supporter of the \n\ndevelopment of tourism in the area of attractions being built. \n\nWhile other implications arising from the existence of existential struggle is the \n\ndevelopment of the meaning of communication from German-speaking guides who work to \n\nguide German-speaking tourists with the aim of achieving communicative welfare, as stated \n\nby Max Weber (Hardiman, 1993: 74) that rationalization aims at formal ways in which people \n\nwho work with this rationalization are only concerned with ways to achieve goals and do not \n\nheed the values that are lived as the core of awareness of ethical, aesthetic, and religious \n\nvalues. The concept of purposeful rationality proposed by Weber is very suitable with the \n\nsituation of modern society with a measure of one's achievement based solely on the material \n\nalone. Another implication is the meaning of cultural transformation between German-\n\nspeaking tourists who come to the area of attractions, and vice versa between people who \n\nare in the area of attractions to German-speaking tourists who come to these areas. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\n   The increasing number of German-speaking tourists visiting Bali, was also followed \n\nby the growth of new travel bureaus that also targeted the German-speaking tourist market \n\nshare. Under these circumstances, PT. NDBT no longer relies solely on corporate revenues \n\nfrom German-speaking tourists, which causes the travel agency PT. NDBT must look at the", "start_char_idx": 8916, "end_char_idx": 11871, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "13e6ce11-93cb-463b-a99d-d85e4a9a9cf2": {"__data__": {"id_": "13e6ce11-93cb-463b-a99d-d85e4a9a9cf2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58352", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "6ddb9dea6a6072b69f64ac3c392aef88fac5056206a46843e0931bb4032d6358", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d47f5794-cb1a-48ab-aa38-1749b11912fe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "293396e93857ef757a3d01fa44a884528dabc2e49e0b27bf63999c9c04b9cbfd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bf547424-4215-4dfd-9a81-b7f584d960db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "125b8c23075c20589e513c8d113f4ae11677513aa98744af53694968df1d3106", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 13-17   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nnew tourism market share to remain operational. Reduced number of German tourists using \n\nPT. NDBT in conducting tourist visits also influences German language tour guides \n\nSuggestions to the government through the tourism service are expected to regulate \n\nGerman-speaking tour guides and provide protection for the tourism profession. To PT. NDBT \n\nemploys German-speaking guides to provide protection both in terms of their profession and \n\neconomic life. To German-speaking guides to always prioritize professionalism in carrying out \n\ntheir role. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nThank you to Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sirtha, SH., M.S as the supervisor I, Dr. I Gede Mudana, \n\nMsi. as a supervisor II. All leaders and employees of PT. NDBT, and German-speaking guides \n\nwho work at PT. NDBT. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nBarker, Chris. 2009. Cultural Studies, Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. \n\nBocock, Robert. 2007. Pengantar Komprehensif untuk Memahami Hegemoni, \nterj.   Ikramullah Mahyuddin. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nFashri, Fauzi. 2007. Penyingkapan Kuasa Simbol : Apropriasi Reflektif Pemikiran Pierre \nBourdieu.  Yogyakarta : Juxtapose. \n\nFoucault, Michel. 2002. Pengetahuan dan Metode (Karya-Karya Penting Foucault). Bandung: \nJalasutra.  \n\nGinaya, Gede. 2010. \u201cPergulatan Kepentingan Antara Representatif  Asing  dan Pramuwisata \ndalam Penanganan Wisatawan Rusia pada PT. Tiga Putrindo Lestari, Nusa Dua Bali \n\u201d. (Tesis) : Program Pascasarjana  Universitas Udayana.  \n\nHabermas, Jurgen 2009. Teori Tindakan Komunikatif. Rasio dan Rasionalisasi Masyarakat \n(terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana \n\nHardiman, Budi. 1994. Menuju Masyarakat Komunikatif: Ilmu, Masyarakat, Politik dan \nPostmodernisme menurut Jurgen Habermas. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nMuljadi, A.J. 2009. Kepariwisataan dan Perjalanan.  Jakarta:  Rajawai Pers. \n\nMuzairi,H.2002. Eksistensialisme Jean Paul Sartre. Sumur tanpa Kebebasan \nManusia.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar \n\nUdoyono, Bambang .2008. Sukses Menjadi Pramuwisata Profesional. Jakarta: Kesaint \n Blanc.", "start_char_idx": 11876, "end_char_idx": 14197, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bf547424-4215-4dfd-9a81-b7f584d960db": {"__data__": {"id_": "bf547424-4215-4dfd-9a81-b7f584d960db", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58353", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "7b30f7f490d89769d40ef9847cab92c4dba259929c4478d43c7bc05bca8cfd73", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "13e6ce11-93cb-463b-a99d-d85e4a9a9cf2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58352", "author": "Artajaya, Made; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " EXISTENTIAL STRUGLE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TOU GUIDE IN PT. NUSA DUA BALI TOUR AND TRAVEL, TUBAN, BADUNG", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58352.pdf"}, "hash": "0e0cf2807eea6a8f07e7187d36f90e11f30bf65f288a846404f62e225a3c2d49", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5ba66a74-05e6-42b3-bb89-93fa68846dd2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "57ac83a9e1ed8f7ae7678668adb5edfcdd13b3c7ee6ed1af6cafb1381671b0e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Wahyu 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 18-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\n \nPEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION \n\nIN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI \n \n\n1Komang Wahyu Rustiani, 2I Nyoman Suarka, 3I Gede Mudana \n\nHalu Oleo University1, Master Program of Cultural Studies Faculty of Arts Udayana \nUniversity2, Politeknik Negeri Bali3 \n\nemail: 1KWR_Wahyu@yahoo.com, 2nyoman_suarka@unud.ac.id \n\n3igedemudana@yahoo.com \n\n \nReceived Date : 21-05-2019 \nAccepted Date : 2-07-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-08-2019 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\nForwarding pemali marriage expressions essentially are constituted by the myth, so \nthey are essential to be analyzed since a lot of societies\u2019 misinterpretation in creating \nmeaning. The problems analyzed in this research are the form of pemali marriage, the \ndeconstruction process on pemali marriage, and the relationship between pemali marriage in \nBusungbiu societies and local life. This is a qualitative research which used cultural studies \nparadigm. The data collection method utilizes observation, interview, and reviewing \ndocuments. The data were analyzed eclectically by utilizing deconstruction theory, cultural \nmaterialism theory, social semiotic theory, and encoding decoding theory. The research result \nshows that the forms of pemali marriage are related to kinship, physical features, social \nstratification, and time. The process of deconstruction on pemali marriage is done through \nthree steps, they are deconstruction on the structure and the language code; reinterpretation \non the meaning of pemali marriage; and representation on pemaliin the marriage ritual in \norder to rationalize those pemali. The deconstruction on the relation between pemali marriage \nand the position of the subject is found in three positions; they are hegemony dominant \npositions, negotiation positions, and opposition position. \n\n \n\nKey word:  pemali marriage, misinterprets, deconstruction, representation \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nThe Balinese as Balinese speakers have a lot of cultural discourse, one of them is \n\nmarriage. Marriage is generally known by the Balinese, but this research is focused on the \n\nBusungbiu Village community as a sample. The Busungbiu community mostly works as \n\nfarmers, because it is supported by climate, rainfall and air temperature that shows moderate \n\nconditions so that it supports the life of flora and fauna. In addition, the thing that influences", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2707, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5ba66a74-05e6-42b3-bb89-93fa68846dd2": {"__data__": {"id_": "5ba66a74-05e6-42b3-bb89-93fa68846dd2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58353", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "7b30f7f490d89769d40ef9847cab92c4dba259929c4478d43c7bc05bca8cfd73", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bf547424-4215-4dfd-9a81-b7f584d960db", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "ec0f69d05785d1a59467b7c7fb7163772a4c7e8dbf766f004a7021ed9fef1901", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dc7e51b0-85a3-4e03-888b-c3e7dd42d2e6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6ce0d1d3a5e5a6dad5fbbb886d1140e29e949a901535799439dd65224757f1f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 18-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\nthe development of pemali in the Busungbiu community is the level of education, because \n\nmost people are educated to the high school level. The Busungbiu community has a tendency \n\nto believe in marriage maids as they are said.  \n\nThe Busungbiu community is prohibited from marrying caste people using the Pemali \n\nexpression \"Da nganten len kasta, nyanan panes\" (do not marry caste (exogamy), later it is \n\nhot). Likewise, a ban on marriage with cousins (incest). The community agrees and wants to \n\nobey the pemali, because they believe and believe that if violated, the consequences arising \n\nfrom the pemali expression will actually occur. In fact, marriages in their delivery are based \n\non myths, in Cultural Studies myths are part of ideology, where ideology must be \n\ndeconstructed because it establishes the structure of dominance. The purpose of this study \n\nwas to analyze the form of pemali marriage in the Busungbiu community, to know the process \n\nof marriage deconstruction in the Busungbiu community and to determine the relationship of \n\nthe marriage female deconstruction in the Busungbiu community with the reality of the \n\nposition of the culprit. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThis research is a qualitative research paradigm of cultural studies (cultural studies). \n\nData collection is done by interviewing the community. Observations were made to observe \n\nphenomena that occur in the Busungbiu community, while document studies were carried out \n\nto obtain documents related to marriage. The collected data were analyzed with qualitative \n\nanalysis techniques through deconstruction theory, cultural materialism theory, social \n\nsemiotic theory, and encoding decoding theory applied eclectically. According to the theory \n\nof deconstruction, there are two views on interpretation, namely restrospective interpretation, \n\nnamely efforts to reconstruct the original or initial meaning or truth form the final or absolute \n\ntruth. Transcendental in nature and to some extent dogmatic; and secondly, prospective \n\ninterpretation, which explicitly accepts the uncertainty of meaning. Language free game \n\nwithout being bound by dogma. Deconstruction also tries to oppose the text so that it is \n\npossible to give birth to new meaning of the text (Piliang, 2010: 261-266). The theory of \n\ncultural materialism is related to the assumption that material conditions and human existence \n\n- such as the level of technology, patterns of economic life, and the characteristics of the \n\nnatural environment are the causes that determine the organization of human society and \n\nvarious important changes that occur in it (Sanderson, 2011: 21) . The theory of social \n\nsemiotics is more likely to see language as a system of signs or symbols that are expressing", "start_char_idx": 2712, "end_char_idx": 5772, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dc7e51b0-85a3-4e03-888b-c3e7dd42d2e6": {"__data__": {"id_": "dc7e51b0-85a3-4e03-888b-c3e7dd42d2e6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58353", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "7b30f7f490d89769d40ef9847cab92c4dba259929c4478d43c7bc05bca8cfd73", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5ba66a74-05e6-42b3-bb89-93fa68846dd2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "fb41d89335912833c47fd17a059460712b38bff5b71ad208eca4e65f5549f116", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "05fb04b6-e0a1-4062-b267-bf416b2b5117", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5e72105cf210bb54120b3a173fe39eadb652817dccb2f5b801a55b1942697b7a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 18-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nvalues, cultural and social norms of a particular society in a social process of language \n\n(Santoso in Suwesnawa, 2014: 30). While encoding decoding theory, it has three mortgage \n\npositions namely hegemonic dominant position, negotiation position, and opposition position \n\n(Hall in Storey, 2006: 13-17). \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION \n\nThe results showed that the form of marriage diggers found in the Busungbiu \n\ncommunity numbered thirty-seven. Marriage maidens that are found always begin with words \n\nthat state a prohibition, 'sing dadi' and 'da'. Marriage maidens are grouped systematically \n\naccording to established rules or standards, namely (1) kinship, in terms of male lineage \n\n(patrilinial). Markers that indicate kinship are misan ngarep, makedengan ngad, maipah \n\ntugelan, ngalipetin bengbengan, ngamaduanguang. nyame, nyuang in-law, and memene; (2) \n\noriented physical characteristics, namely marriage maidens associated with the sign on the \n\norganism / body / physical body that distinguishes it from other individuals. The markers are \n\nthe ones in the likade and macaling papat; (3) based on social stratification, means the \n\ndifferentiation of population or society into classes in stages on the basis of power, privileges, \n\nand prestige in the community or environment. The markers are students, children who are \n\nbrave, the most childish children, children who are brave, children who are brave and move \n\non the complaints, and (4) related to time, divided into two namely, good days / adults and \n\nperiods. The markers are brass, sasih kaulu, atiban jak two, pelekadane, ingkel wong, rangda \n\ntiga, pindo ane atiban, and kajeng keliwon. All of these markers are semantic codes according \n\nto Barthes (in Rusmana 2014: 209) that semantic codes are connotation codes that provide \n\ncues, hints or possible meanings offered by markers. \n\nThe process of marital deconstruction is carried out through three stages: (1) \n\ndismantling the structure and language code so that it finds many meanings or in other words \n\nopposes a single meaning or is logocentric and is carried out to radically criticize and \n\ndismantle the basic assumptions that underpin the thinking and beliefs of the people \n\nconcerned marriage contractor; (2) reinterpretation of the meaning of marriage matrices is \n\ncarried out to reinterpret marriage matrices who have been dismantled by providing evidence \n\nrelated historically, medically, socially or religiously; and (3) the representation of pemali in \n\nmarriage practices so that the expression of marriage irrational marriages is initially irrational. \n\nThe following will be given an example of the application of the deconstruction process to \n\nmarriage maids who are related to kinship relations.", "start_char_idx": 5777, "end_char_idx": 8824, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "05fb04b6-e0a1-4062-b267-bf416b2b5117": {"__data__": {"id_": "05fb04b6-e0a1-4062-b267-bf416b2b5117", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58353", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "7b30f7f490d89769d40ef9847cab92c4dba259929c4478d43c7bc05bca8cfd73", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dc7e51b0-85a3-4e03-888b-c3e7dd42d2e6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "5c71fd07872dde94108924d155b5b05939bbec726df547994526709dfcfb7df4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "decc5add-4e87-46c8-b5c3-c90e947b1697", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bc4c74ff609730e72810f7c438d3e694ddc48deac4eb77bef2b4931d158fafb7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 18-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\nMarriage maidens related to kinship have been demolished in structures and language \n\ncodes that state pemali such as \"Sing dadi nganten invite misan ngarep, nyanan panes!\" \n\n(\"You can't marry a cousin, it's hot!\"). When dismantled its structure, the marker that shows \n\nthe pemali is sing dadi, misan ngarep and panes. Text which has been decapitated as above \n\nis now decapitated to be the smallest unit of reading and then given interpretation. \n\nRetrospectively, sing dadi means no. Whereas misan means cousin (kinship between \n\nchildren of two siblings or grandmother's siblings). Ngarep is derived from the basic word arep \n\nwhich means facing to, then gets the prefix n- which has the allomorphic form ng-, ny-, ng-, \n\nn-, m-, and nga. So mare ngarep retrospectively means the foremost cousin or main who is \n\nconsidered the original truth in line with Derrida in Piliang (2011: 261) states that the \n\nguarantee of the meaning of this retrospective interpretation is transcendental. \n\nThen the misan ngarep language code is interpreted prospectively to obtain meaning \n\nuncertainty. Prospectively misan ngarep means cousin of male bloodline (patrilineal), cousin \n\nof his father's brother, cousin of his father's sister, cousin who must take precedence, the \n\nmost important cousin and the best cousin according to Derrida's statement in Piliang (2011: \n\n261 ) that prospective interpretation which explicitly accepts the uncertainty of meaning. After \n\ndismantling these markers are interpreted by giving reasons that are reasonable with \n\nevidence that can be accounted for example in terms of medical, religious and socially. After \n\nbeing interpreted, the marriage prospective will display an ideology that has not been \n\nunderstood by the public. So the representation of pemali in the practice of marriage means \n\nthe marking process that illustrates the practice of marriage pledge by giving social meaning \n\nand something that makes sense while constructing the meaning of marriage pledge. \n\nRelationship between pemali marriage deconstruction in the Busungbiu community with \n\nthe position of the culprit reached three positions (1) dominative hegemony position, the \n\npeople who are in this position have a tendency to obey marriage matriarch found in the \n\nBusungbiu community. There are several factors that influence or cause the community to be \n\nin a position of dominative hegemony, including the ideological superstructure consisting of \n\ngeneral ideology, religion, science, art, and literature in line with Sanderson (2011: 62); (2) \n\nnegotiating position, namely people who are in the gray area or in the middle, they are \n\ndoubtful between believing and not marriage marriage found in the Busungbiu community. \n\nFactors that cause the community to be in a negotiating position, among others, have their \n\nown interests in their desires, because they do not have a strong basis in making choices and \n\ndo not have the courage to make choices, also cause a position of negation. Lack of", "start_char_idx": 8829, "end_char_idx": 12136, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "decc5add-4e87-46c8-b5c3-c90e947b1697": {"__data__": {"id_": "decc5add-4e87-46c8-b5c3-c90e947b1697", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58353", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "7b30f7f490d89769d40ef9847cab92c4dba259929c4478d43c7bc05bca8cfd73", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "05fb04b6-e0a1-4062-b267-bf416b2b5117", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "88e4a52d834bb7e5d9cf31b1f014d4fd7a0d7b9cdcf7db5a634e8da37ab4d7f7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "72feff9f-ad46-4a1f-8468-6df6b53b10fb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b5c2e9f791ce9a254662a0a0518dd8fcf7470ae55d7b24bec9c23aff0db4aa70", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 18-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\nunderstanding the ideology behind the marriage maiden's expression; and (3) the position of \n\nthe opposition, is a society that opposes or does not trust marriage maids. The more \n\nopposition, the more decostrated the marriage maidens, and vice versa the more dominant \n\nthe hegemonic, the more people believe in marriage maids. \n\n Society in an opposition position is influenced by social structures that refer to actual \n\nbehavior patterns, as opposed to mental impressions or conceptions that people have about \n\nthese patterns. In other words, the social structure contains what people actually do, not what \n\nthey say they do, nor what they think they do or what they think they should do. There are \n\nseveral sub-components related to the social structure that influence society in this position, \n\nnamely politics (family), family and kinship, education, and material infrastructure consisting \n\nof technology and demographics in accordance with Sanderson (2011: 61). \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\nBased on the description above, it can be concluded that the reproductive discourse of \n\nmarriage which is reproduced is full of the interests of the agency as the owner of capital and \n\ncontains the practice of hegemony and even domination in the life of the Busungbiu \n\ncommunity. The more people are aware of the practice of hegemony in marital marriages, the \n\nstronger their resistance to marital marriages will be. On the contrary, the stronger the \n\ncommunity's belief in marital discourse, the stronger the indication of hegemony and \n\ndomination practices in society. \n\nIt is suggested to the community and stakeholders that the meaning of marriage \n\nprospective marriage be explained rationally, so that there is no misinterpretation and the loss \n\nof the tradition will occur because it is considered unreasonable by the community, especially \n\nthe younger generation. For other researchers who are interested, it is hoped that they can \n\ncontinue related research that has not been reviewed in this study. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nThe authors pray before Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, as well as respect and thanks to Prof. \n\nDr. I Nyoman Suarka, M.Hum., Dr. I. Gede Mudana, M.Sc., M.Sc., Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Kutha \n\nRatna, S.U., Dr. I Gusti Ketut Gde Arsana, M.Sc., and Dr. Ni Luh Arjani M.Hum. who have \n\ncontributed thoughts in the form of input, suggestions, refutation and correction so that this \n\nthesis can be realized as well as to the informants for the information that has been given.", "start_char_idx": 12141, "end_char_idx": 14948, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "72feff9f-ad46-4a1f-8468-6df6b53b10fb": {"__data__": {"id_": "72feff9f-ad46-4a1f-8468-6df6b53b10fb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58353", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "7b30f7f490d89769d40ef9847cab92c4dba259929c4478d43c7bc05bca8cfd73", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "decc5add-4e87-46c8-b5c3-c90e947b1697", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "b028192378db54fc5937fc182478fc8c8403be236f3e15bc9f55daa048bff4a4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "15534b4d-b0ad-4280-a43a-56f17acea141", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "64e3ff92bc0721a49e1820198d687adae15ae73e097485cd3dc97c9ce9fc5e80", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 18-23   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nHalliday., M.A.K. dan Ruqaiya Hasan. 1994. Bahasa,  Konteks,  dan  Teks,  Aspek-Aspek \nbahasan dalam Pandangan Semiotik Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gadjahmada  University \nPress \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2010. Dunia yang Dilipat: Tamasya Melampaui Batas-Batas \nKebudayaan. Edisi ke-tiga. Bandung: Matahari. \n\nRusmana, Dadan. Filsafat Semiotika: Paradigma, Teori, dan Metode Interpretasi Tanda dari \nSemiotika Struktural hingga Dekonstruksi Praktis. Bandung: Pustaka Setia. \n\nSanderson, Stephen K. 2011. Makrososiologi: Sebuah Pendekatan Terhadap Realitas \nSosiologi. Jakarta: Pt Raja Grafindo Persada. \n\nSwesnawa, I Made Agus. 2014. \u201cMitos Kosmologis dan Pergulatan Kehidupan Nelayan Desa \nperancak\u201d (Tesis, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas udayana, Denpasar). \n\nStorey, John. 2006. Cultural Studies dan Kajian Budaya Pop: Pengantar Komprehensif Teori \ndan Metode (terj. Layli Rahmawati", "start_char_idx": 14956, "end_char_idx": 16141, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "15534b4d-b0ad-4280-a43a-56f17acea141": {"__data__": {"id_": "15534b4d-b0ad-4280-a43a-56f17acea141", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "72feff9f-ad46-4a1f-8468-6df6b53b10fb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58353", "author": "Rustiani, Komang Wahyu; Suarka, I Nyoman; Mudana, I Gede", "title": " PEMALI MARRIAGE DECONSTRUCTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BUSUNGBIU, BULELENG, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58353.pdf"}, "hash": "99fa90284d1de306ee6189ac0a5edcd222d0940b5dce58aff05bfa3173d8774d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0da35796-1ff2-4265-acec-a493d2b95ace", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "97c8ca53d68e1f45a137f280db774af029be258c62fb25c41e725c6aa56533a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Wahyuni 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\nGOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI \n \n\nNi Made Dewi Wahyuni1, Industri Ginting Suka2,Ni Luh Nyoman Kebayantini3 \n \n\n1Senior High School 3 Denpasar,2,3Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana \nUniversity \n\nemail: 1dewipingpong@gmail.com,2,3s2kjbdyunud@yahoo.com   \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 28-05-2019 \nAccepted Date : 10-07-2019 \nPublished Date : 31-08-2019 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nGocekan is a series of percussion rituals with brawls that are carried out routinely \n\nevery year starting on the kajeng kliwon enyitan sasih kalima (mid-November) to Ngembak \nGeni, the end of the sasih kesanga (mid-March) in the Puseh Temple area in Batuan Village, \nGianyar, Bali. In its development shocks have been influenced by various interests due to the \npower relations that occur in the implementation process. This study aims to address the \nmain problems, namely regarding the forms of power relations, the driving factors for power \nrelations, and the meaning and impact of power relations in shocks. Based on research there \nare several forms of power relations in shocks, namely the relations of hegemonic ideological \npower, symbolic power relations, and the power relations of domination practice. The factors \nthat encourage power relations in shocks can be divided into two, namely internal factors \nconsisting of beliefs (religious), cultural sacralization, openness of traditional villages, and \nlack of understanding of religious and legal norms. External factors consisting of capitalism, \ntourism and the economy. In this regard, the meaning due to the power relations in shocks is \nthe symbolism of religious ritual and impunity. As a result it will have an impact on the \ndeviation of the implementation of Hinduism, deviations of morality and power, and metajen \nhabits as a subculture of the Balinese. \n\n \nKeywords: shock, clubbing, power relations, interests \n\n \n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nGocekan as part of ritual percussion in Hinduism in Bali by using chicken as a sacrifice \n\nwhich is routinely carried out every year, starting on kajeng kliwon enyitan sasih kalima (mid-\n\nNovember) to Ngembak Geni, ending sasih kesanga (mid-March) in the area Puseh Temple, \n\nBatuan Village. Scuff as a form of religious ritual in its development has been influenced by \n\na variety of interests due to the power relations that occur in the implementation process. The \n\ndevelopment of shocks that seem lost control causes it to indirectly injure Hindu values. This \n\nresearch on \"Gocekans as the Power of Relation Practices in Batuan village, Gianyar, Bali\"", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2948, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0da35796-1ff2-4265-acec-a493d2b95ace": {"__data__": {"id_": "0da35796-1ff2-4265-acec-a493d2b95ace", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "15534b4d-b0ad-4280-a43a-56f17acea141", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "f45403b37f165b2971e520b9d65eb6cbf5c5df2b848931cdd2643903b7c1598f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "aadb3c48-d884-4bf8-a22a-d5c81171be33", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d4fd19055d211b73f4a97d7ce555b8ffb2fe8379d7f03679c39aac6dbd50123c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\naims to analyze three problem formulations, namely: (1) the form of power relations in shocks, \n\nthe factors driving power relations in shocks, as well as the meaning and impact of power \n\nrelations that occur in shocks in the village of Batuan, Gianyar, Bali. \n\n \n\nResearch methods \n\nThis research, located in Batuan Village, was designed as a qualitative study with a \n\ncultural study paradigm. In line with this paradigm, data collection is done by observation, \n\ninterview, and literature study. After primary and secondary data are collected, then analyzed \n\nusing critical concepts and theories such as hegemony theory, the power of knowledge \n\ntheory, and practice theory. All data were narrated and the results of the study were presented \n\nin analytic descriptive. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nModernization and globalization that occur throughout the world has led to dynamics \n\nand changes in all aspects of life including Hindu religious activities in Bali, in relation to the \n\nmegocekan tradition. After the problems formulated, this study found that there were some \n\ndevelopments in the implementation of shocks which were ritual percussion in the village of \n\nBatuan, which was caused by the various forms of power relations practices carried out by \n\nthe agents involved in the implementation of shocks. The forms of power relations that occur \n\nin shocks are in the form of hegemonic ideological power relations, symbolic power relations, \n\nand dominating power relations practices. The hegemonic ideological power relation is a \n\nplace for power holders in shocks, namely religious leaders (temple stakeholders) and the \n\norganizing committee organization assigned by the customary village by perpetuating the role \n\nof myths for the sustainability of megocekan. \n\nAccording to Althusser (2010: 39), ideology is a representation of the relationships of \n\nimaginary individuals under the real conditions of their existence. Systematically hegemony \n\nideology force individuals and society with certain thoughts, certain biases, certain preference \n\nsystems, where power tends to do hegemony of meaning to social reality. Individuals and \n\ncommunities are accommodated by their values and ideas with a perspective that has been \n\npatterned, structured in terms of the meaning created and desired by power. Various myths \n\nabout the implementation of shocks in Batuan Village were deliberately used as a basis and \n\nshield in their implementation. Another form of power relation is symbolic power relation, \n\nwhich is a relational game that is carried out by a group of shocks to the supporting aspects", "start_char_idx": 2953, "end_char_idx": 5856, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "aadb3c48-d884-4bf8-a22a-d5c81171be33": {"__data__": {"id_": "aadb3c48-d884-4bf8-a22a-d5c81171be33", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0da35796-1ff2-4265-acec-a493d2b95ace", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "7938af4ade1fd5b24d9f5ea4c319485131f76ff852e41dc5fd14aad2eb7f039a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "42549565-142d-4ae5-b99a-dea64dd72a2c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "032237a6ec153815b4b961515c1188b69bcd06e52e1d70959e36d11d432aefbe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nof shredding (for example bebotoh and material aspects related to the implementation of \n\nshocks as a religious ritual). The form is in the form of the use of symbols to direct the view \n\nto interpret shocks as part of the rite. The material used in shredding seeks to be interpreted \n\nreligiously and is related to religious rituals. Furthermore, the form of power relations in the \n\nform of the practice of domination, in general social relations the rules that already exist and \n\nare made by 'a dominant group' will become a habit that has unwittingly become a symbolic \n\ncapital for the continuation of power. The practice of dominance in shredding is particularly \n\nevident in the formation of a committee which is hereinafter referred to as sekaa shaking by \n\ncustomary village of Batuan as the organizing committee for the whole series of shredding \n\nactivities. The central role as a regulator of the implementation of shocks lies with sekaagekan \n\nwhich is an extension of the customary village government. The customary village as the \n\nprotector of the execution of puts the chosen people in charge of organizing the shock every \n\nyear. Everything related to the execution of shocks is prepared and carried out by this \n\norganization. The dominance of the chosen people also influences the procedure for its \n\nimplementation, in that it does not deny that the agent can include ideas or special interests \n\nin the process of implementing the shock. \n\n \n\n             Source: dok: Dewi, 2017. \n\n \n\nSecond, developments that occur in shocks are influenced by several factors that accompany \n\nthe implementation process so that the practice of power relations is encouraged. The factors \n\nthat drive power relations in shocks consist of internal and external factors as follows. \n\nA. Internal Factors \n\n1. Belief (Religion)", "start_char_idx": 5861, "end_char_idx": 7988, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "42549565-142d-4ae5-b99a-dea64dd72a2c": {"__data__": {"id_": "42549565-142d-4ae5-b99a-dea64dd72a2c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "aadb3c48-d884-4bf8-a22a-d5c81171be33", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "23f9069c28250f13ed741e74299f9925505d7508b3b6dfa11328991dbafd6989", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ecd01f77-12e7-4460-93a9-a5444fa994ae", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "888f2364b3b2fb0b60afff7e68b6a2a5899919bc841f4b9cd15bdb25325a2221", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\nHumans are homo religious, namely religious beings. Characteristics of religious people \n\ninclude belief in supernatural creatures such as gods or demons (Haryanto, 2015: 12). Both \n\nare often positioned in opposing characters namely gods with good character, while demons \n\nhave bad character. In anthropomorphism both are often manifested in the form of creatures \n\nthat resemble humans while the other resembles a giant (Weber, 2002 in Atmadja, 2015: \n\n128-134). The linkage between shredding with homo religious is seen in the way of love, the \n\nbhuta yadnya ritual which is based on the calculation of the moon. According to the Balinese \n\ncalendar. Related to the implementation of shocks in Batuan Village according to mythology, \n\nit is an effort to avoid the danger caused by I Gede Mecaling. The implementation of tawur at \n\nPuseh Village in Batuan Temple is also a ceremony related to the distribution of sasih as \n\nshown in the table above. Bhuta, according to the people of Batuan Village, is analogous to \n\nthe figure of I Gede Mecaling who is both a negative force causing distress. \n\nThe presence of percussion in every tawur/caru is an ideological conception that \n\nunderlies the organization of the shock in Batuan Village. Ritual activities that are one unit \n\nwith a belief system (religious) are very difficult to be removed from the mindset of the \n\ncommunity. So that whatever developments occur in the practice of the ritual, as long as it is \n\nstill carried out it is likely that it will still be accepted by the community. Moreover, it is equipped \n\nwith relational practices in it which perfects power games in shocks. If it is allowed to develop, \n\naccording to Arifin (2005: 3), it indicates that religion (religion) will increasingly no longer be \n\nable to carry out its main function (functional imperative), because it\u2019s main function is \n\nsacrificed for the benefit of other social institutions that have very different main functions. In \n\nsuch a trap, religion (religion) is no longer an institutionalizing force which is then \n\nsystematically and systemically interpreted with human reason (Arifin, 2005: 3, in Arsana, \n\n2011: 278-279). \n\nSakralisasi Budaya \n\nCulture is a fairly complicated and often debated word because this concept does not \n\nrepresent an entity that stands apart from the world of objects. Culture should be understood \n\nas a flexible marker that enables a variety of ways to discuss clusters of human activity with \n\nvarious purposes. In other words, the concept of culture is an instrument or tool that is more \n\nor less useful as a frame of life (life form). The use of this concept and the meanings \n\nembedded in it are constantly changing because thinkers relentlessly seek to do a number of \n\nthings with this concept (Barker, 2014: 64).", "start_char_idx": 7993, "end_char_idx": 11089, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ecd01f77-12e7-4460-93a9-a5444fa994ae": {"__data__": {"id_": "ecd01f77-12e7-4460-93a9-a5444fa994ae", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "42549565-142d-4ae5-b99a-dea64dd72a2c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "76c1ca51d52a3612a2e9cb844063a61828e0054f022e8b6d3f957338ee4f48dc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9cf99a03-9a4e-4e10-bdbd-e0842e11f0eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ecb7ac2305538e8f6e6ac0614f15a727c878314aa6c7930c53afd64b26914c35", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nBased on the explanation above, shock is one of the culture which is sacred through various \n\npractices that have been carried out and inadvertently in the next development, it is trapped \n\ninto a culture of subculture. This idea is based on the consideration that the Balinese people \n\nin general and Batuan in particular have Balinese culture as a large culture that is dominant \n\nto the Balinese. Balinese culture includes the whole way of life and includes the mapping of \n\nmeanings or meanings that affect how the world is lived or understood by Balinese as \n\nreflected in their social actions in social life. In the midst of the dominant Balinese culture, \n\nshocks can be positioned as a subculture. \n\nStarting from its position as a subculture, shock tried to occupy a dominant position in society. \n\nOne of the things done is trying to build confidence and legitimacy over the implementation \n\nof shocks through sacralization. Profane sacralization is the theft of sacred values and sacred \n\nrituals into the identity of non-spiritual products to be interpreted by consumers as religious \n\nfaiths (Meinhold, 2005). In the current era of globalization, a culture that exists is a culture \n\nthat can be emotionally attached to the equivalent of religion. \n\n1. Openness of Indigenous Village \n\nRegarding the shock in Batuan Village, it shows the open attitude of the customary \n\nvillage to the developments that occurred in the shock. This open minded acceptance is the \n\nfirst step in an effort to accept the effects of modernization and globalization. An open attitude \n\nwill make us more dynamic, not be shackled by old things that are old-fashioned, and will be \n\nmore receptive to the changes and advances of the times. However, the lack of social control \n\noriginating from indigenous villages can also lead to the development of shocks that were \n\noriginally only in the form of ritual activities so as to lead to negative things. Customary villages \n\nhave awig-awig as a filtering of external influences that enter the village order. Awig-awig \n\nhave a very strong social control because it has been determined what rights and obligations \n\nshould be exercised by indigenous people. After being able to open up from new things, the \n\nnext step is to have sensitivity (anticipative) in assessing the things that will or are happening \n\nto the effects of modernization and globalization. Anticipatory attitudes can show the effects \n\narising from the current of globalization and modernization that lead to the ability to choose \n\n(selective). Customary villages as a place for growth and development of a culture must be \n\nable to be a shield in preserving a culture from the effects of modernization and globalization. \n\n1. Lack of Understanding of Religious and Legal Norms \n\nNorms are behavioral guidelines that must be done and should not be done in daily life, based \n\non a certain reason (motivation) accompanied by sanctions. Religious norms are rules of life", "start_char_idx": 11094, "end_char_idx": 14367, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9cf99a03-9a4e-4e10-bdbd-e0842e11f0eb": {"__data__": {"id_": "9cf99a03-9a4e-4e10-bdbd-e0842e11f0eb", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ecd01f77-12e7-4460-93a9-a5444fa994ae", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "d270f4c5edae557af8914df342ac030e5a92dd3618a94a85b58dd9bded6839b8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "84fe02e3-e5ad-45c2-8147-4c33b7f11e92", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "87ed830109f68edadf456bbe4e6bfe9a1765f0b2faf6e3be5f70e2c53c32d654", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nin the form of commands and prohibitions, which are believed by its adherents to come from \n\nGod, the Almighty. These rules not only regulate the vertical relationship, between humans \n\nand God (religious), but also horizontal relationships, between humans and fellow humans \n\n(Widjaja, 1985: 168). Scriptures Rgweda X. 34. 13, Rgweda X. 34. 10, Rgweda X. 34. 3, \n\nexpressly forbid Hindus from gambling. Gambling can make a family miserable. Work on the \n\nfields and make ends meet and satisfy it, according to the contents of the Vedic mantra. \n\nManavadharma\u015b\u0101strayang is a compilation of Hindu law sloka IX. 221 to sloka IX. 227 also \n\nstates about the prohibition of gambling (Pudja and Sudharta, 1996: 587-588). In essence \n\ngambling is also an act that is contrary to legal norms. The Criminal Code (KUHP) regulates \n\ngambling in article 303, based on the Modern Criminal Law sanctions or reactions are given \n\nnot only in the form of criminal, but also actions aimed at protecting the public from harmful \n\nacts (Hidayat, 2011: 87 -88). \n\nBased on the provisions above, basically both in terms of religious norms and legal \n\nnorms both do not justify an activity that is a gamble or gambling. An understanding of \n\nreligious and legal norms is absolutely necessary to guide one's person so as not to commit \n\nacts outside of these social norms. In connection with the development of shocks in Batuan \n\nVillage that lead to gambling practices, the most basic thing that must be introspected is the \n\nunderstanding of religious norms and legal norms of the perpetrators of these activities. \n\nAccepting the influence of modernism and globalization is okay, but consideration regarding \n\nthe aspects of religion and law is needed in the preservation of a culture. \n\nA. External Factors \n\n1. Capitalism \n\nRegarding the shock in Batuan Village, the dominant capitalist practice is seen in its \n\nimplementation. Capitalists in relation to shocks are agents who have capital in them, both \n\neconomic capital and social capital in the form of power. In terms of economic capital, which \n\nincludes the bebotoh. Bebotoh is a gambler. Bebotoh certainly needs an arena to channel his \n\ngambling desires. Seeing the existence of a gap as an arena, many bebotoh involved in \n\nshocks. Whether or not there is a botoh affects the village's income. The number of bets that \n\nare in the flock depends on the number of bebotoh involved. If each fighting chicken is pegged \n\nat Rp. 1,000,000, - if the number of chickens has not yet been obtained, the chicken complaint \n\nwill be postponed or canceled until it gets the specified amount anyway. Every 5% of the \n\namount after each complaint will be deducted as excise tax (abbreviated as cuk). Thus, the", "start_char_idx": 14372, "end_char_idx": 17406, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "84fe02e3-e5ad-45c2-8147-4c33b7f11e92": {"__data__": {"id_": "84fe02e3-e5ad-45c2-8147-4c33b7f11e92", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9cf99a03-9a4e-4e10-bdbd-e0842e11f0eb", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "f4c65a637b94d98473e716d666693f72cecfb1c8f23e2dc318703ae597816a00", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6ece1be8-bfb8-454e-8966-c110dd9a7637", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "77270b2a74e8761d63e60c879a9e0c27ce440378a58c9bef94a7cf33f46756c5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\nrole of bebotoh in shocks is very important, namely as a contributor to income for traditional \n\nvillages. \n\nIn terms of social capital in this case in the form of power, traditional village leaders and \n\ntheir predecessors are the dominant shareholders. The power to regulate the course of the \n\nshock makes all the shock can receive input or entrust the interests of a party. Based on a \n\ncultural perspective, power is an energy or strength that is able to maintain, preserve, \n\ntransform culture in society. As an illustration, a person who has the capability as a ruler can \n\ninstill the values in the body of the community. In connection with shocks, the power of \n\ntraditional village leaders and their role plays a role in maintaining the existence of the \n\nimplementation of shocks by hegemonying the community with built ideologies. The \n\nimplementation of shocks that have evolved to become biased is protected by ideologies that \n\nare sparked for the sake of continuing shocks like today. \n\n1. Tourism \n\nBali is one of the famous tourist destinations with cultural tourism. The tourism industry \n\nis the biological child of globalization that produces cultural objects to be traded for financial \n\ngain. One form of cultural objects that has been commodified in the era of globalization is \n\nritual (Irianto, 2016: 213). Increasingly expanding the promotion of Bali cultural tourism \n\npackages through online media makes agents more creative to create new ideas to sell in \n\nthe market. On several websites of online tourism agents found Balinese Cockfighting travel \n\npackage promotions. This shows that there are efforts to include this activity as part of a \n\ncultural tourism package. \n\n \n\n                   (Source: http://bayubalitours.com/article/bali-cockfighting/)", "start_char_idx": 17411, "end_char_idx": 19492, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6ece1be8-bfb8-454e-8966-c110dd9a7637": {"__data__": {"id_": "6ece1be8-bfb8-454e-8966-c110dd9a7637", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "84fe02e3-e5ad-45c2-8147-4c33b7f11e92", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "3769eee8e5358d0f2b291fc77e99a3b412f14c55ac10c5da5f224ad9ce26cdd7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "17de6283-7888-43ef-8c31-ebfa1b5faea2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "277bbdd7d962496357e33821826991032f4cc7fdc6cad4046df4da128e177ab7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\nMeanwhile in Batuan Village, the way to promote Balinese Cockfighting is done by \n\ndirect communication with tourists. The management officers who took tourists around the \n\ntemple also explained about the existence of shredding and staging the Sutjang dance. \n\n1. Economy \n\nThe implementation of shocks is closely related to providing employment for the \n\ncommunity. Work done by humans as a reflection that humans as homo Faber means \n\nhumans who create, namely making tools to increase work productivity (Haryatmoko, 2014: \n\n56-57). This linkage can be direct, in the sense that they are certain people who are directly \n\nand physically present in the arena to get a fortune, both as primary and additional income. \n\nThey can be divided into two, namely first, the breadwinner outside the arena of shreds. They \n\nare traders around the arena who occupy a relatively fixed space which is good from the \n\ncontext of their work. Most of the traders in the arena are food traders. Second, the \n\nbreadwinner is directly in the arena of shocks. They consist of spur owners and fighting \n\nchicken traders. Those who are involved in shredding are never bored, but there are some \n\npeople who specifically do certain activities to get a wage, so they come to the shocks as \n\nlaborers. There are also earners who are not directly in the arena of shocks, however what \n\nthey do is related to shocks. People included in this group are makers and traders of \n\nguwungan or confinement of chickens, makers and sharpeners of spurs, laborers who are \n\npaid specifically to raise chickens, and traders of chicken food and medicines. The role of \n\ntraders in the arena is very important, namely as a supporter of excitement and enhancing \n\nthe pleasure of people who come to the arena. Traders indirectly take advantage of the \n\n\"arrogance\" of bebotoh, considering that if bebotoh wins, they do not take into account the \n\nvalue of money so that whatever the price of food, it must be bought. This fact raises the \n\nperception that money in the gambling arena (tajen in general) is money with no eyes or blind \n\nmoney. This symbolic statement is used to show the nature of bebotoh when using his money, \n\nit seems like it does not take into account its value. This condition causes the price of food or \n\nperhaps goods sold in the gambling arena to be relatively more expensive than the market \n\nprice.", "start_char_idx": 19497, "end_char_idx": 22178, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "17de6283-7888-43ef-8c31-ebfa1b5faea2": {"__data__": {"id_": "17de6283-7888-43ef-8c31-ebfa1b5faea2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6ece1be8-bfb8-454e-8966-c110dd9a7637", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "ed0ffc2ae2df26df57be2cb2a5442827fde97204afc0141dd0ca8ddf5b0f327c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d05d68fe-3aa3-44a2-9954-d1f570fff508", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1fe288989ea47cb4f7aa58d1faa688a33153fadfb7036290212e4a6fd58a7197", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\n \n\n  Source: dok, Dewi, 2017 \n\n \n\nThird, the developments that occur in the implementation of shocks generate new \n\nmeaning which also impacts the shocks themselves. Meaning that arises as a result of the \n\npower relations in the implementation of shocks causes this ritual cannot be interpreted \n\nabsolutely as a rite, but rather a symbolism of a religious ritual. Other meanings arising from \n\ndevelopments in shocks cause it to appear to be immune to the law, due to the fact that \n\nshocks have in fact been contaminated with gambling can continue to be carried out for quite \n\na long period of time without firm action based on applicable law. As a result it will have an \n\nimpact on the deviation of the implementation of Hinduism, deviations of morality and power, \n\nand Balinese culture (in this case the Balinese metajen culture) as a subculture. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS \n\nFinally, by paying attention to all of the explanations above, it can be proven that there \n\nhas been a power relationship in the shuffle in Batuan village, Gianyar, Bali. This is most \n\nevident in the presence of anyway with the assistance of rupiah money not with Uang Kepeng. \n\nThe game of power relations in this study can be seen in a series of discussions about the \n\nform, driving factors, meaning and impact of power relations that occur in shocks. The \n\noccurrence of power relations on shocks indirectly also disturb Hindu religious values. \n\nThe suggestion of this research is that the existence of a culture especially religious \n\nrituals must indeed be maintained and preserved. But if there is a deviation in its \n\nimplementation let alone violating the law it should be dealt with firmly. In connection with the \n\nphenomenon that occurs in shocks, mediation should be carried out by law enforcement", "start_char_idx": 22183, "end_char_idx": 24281, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d05d68fe-3aa3-44a2-9954-d1f570fff508": {"__data__": {"id_": "d05d68fe-3aa3-44a2-9954-d1f570fff508", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58354", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "001344166d23e3b93de38ab5122283aa144eec850d34f83661a418de6f717650", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "17de6283-7888-43ef-8c31-ebfa1b5faea2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "4a46a048586d04a707561440d6943d63fb6d26b67d31d88f87ccf2d0819fa24e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "880000d4-6436-41e2-95e8-9d117503a3bd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b88873eb6db97cded2317fdbc97d5ef2b98012bfa825bf7b8038a021d10de9f0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                          August 2019 Vol. 12, Number 3, Page 24-33   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\nagencies and customary village government in order to revitalize the implementation of \n\nshocks. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nThe author would like to thank the supervisors, all teaching lecturers in Cultural Studies, \n\nand research informants who have contributed to this research, so that this paper can be \n\nrealized. \n\n \nREFERENCES \n\nAlthusser, Louis. 2010. Tentang Ideologi. Marxisme Strukturalis, Psikoanalisis, Cultural \nStudies. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.  \n\nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa. 2010. Tajen di Bali Perspektif Homo Complexus. Singaraja: Pustaka \nLarasan dan IBBik Undiksha.  \n\nHaryanto, Sindung. 2015. Sosiologi Agama: Dari Klasik Hingga Posmodern. Yogyakarta: Ar-\nRuzz Media.  \n\nArsana, I Gusti Ketut Gde. 2011. Sabung Ayam (Tajen) Di Bali: Di Antara Ranah Budaya Dan \nHukum. Jnana Budaya. Bali: Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Bali. Hal. \n271-284.  \n\nBarker, Chris. 2014. Kamus Kajian Budaya. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nHaryatmoko. 2014. Etika Politik dan Kekuasaan. Jakarta: PT. Kompas Media Nusantara. \n\nIrianto, Agus Maladi. 2016. \u201cKomodifikasi Budaya Di Era Ekonomi Global Terhadap Kearifan \nLokal: Studi Kasus Eksistensi Industri Pariwisata DanKesenian Tradisional Di Jawa \nTengah\u201d. Jurnal Theologia Volume 27, Nomor 1, Juni 2016. Semarang: Fakultas \nUshuluddin dan Humaniora Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo. \n\nMeinhold, Roman. 2005. Pop Culture and Consumerism. Konigshausen &Neumann, Jerman \ndalam http://jurnal-s1. fsrd. itb. ac. id/index. php/product/article/download/85/76 \ndiakses pada 7 Maret 2017 pukul 15. 22 WITA.", "start_char_idx": 24286, "end_char_idx": 26127, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "880000d4-6436-41e2-95e8-9d117503a3bd": {"__data__": {"id_": "880000d4-6436-41e2-95e8-9d117503a3bd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58542", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "be6d9a30052c01521781964c8f5079e5dccad9781e29f94fbd86efe93e5a16c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d05d68fe-3aa3-44a2-9954-d1f570fff508", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58354", "author": "Dewi Wahyuni, Ni Made; Suka, Industri Ginting; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman", "title": " GOCEKAN AS A POWER RELATIONS IN BATUAN VILLAGE, GIANYAR, BALI", "date": "2019-08-31", "file": "ecs-58354.pdf"}, "hash": "a6fe052b4d9f07c7fea6702f8f5353974919cd51d64097ff4b42a7c1c19843cb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6c656606-8e83-43f8-a259-0a97c247005c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "2ee602f5413cd25396f4277123dc88c3133ed6855d17bae2a8272e3f0827c110", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel I Gst Ayu Giantari 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\nRESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA \nPURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA \n\n \n\n1I Gusti Ayu Sri Widiantari, 2Made Suastika, 3Nyoman Suarka \n \n\n1Cultural Studies Study Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University \n2,3Faculty of Arts, Udayana University \n\nemail: 1gungayurembulan@gmail.com, 2made_suastika@unud.ac.id, \n3nyoman_suarka@unud.ac.id, \n\n \nReceived Date : 08-07-2019 \nAccepted Date : 10-08-2019 \nPublished Date : 30-11-2019 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\nThe purpose of this research is to uncover the inherent values contained in the marriage of \nSutasoma, which focuses on the backdrop of Sutasoma's resistance to his father, the king of \nParusadha, and reveals the values contained in the The story. The study used an interpretive \napproach to cultural studies from the qualitative data sources in the text and translations. The \nfoundation of the theory used to analyze data is the theory of power of knowledge and \nhegemony. With this approach and theory the study found that the reasons and ways of \nPrince Sutasoma to fight the attitude and behavior of King Purusadha were very arrogant and \nauthoritarian towards the people and the Ministers and The feeders are (1) straightening and \nredefining the king to return to the path of righteousness (2) performing obligations and \nresponsibilities as a wise prince who must favor his people, (3) make the King aware of the \nmeaning and Responsibility to be leaders, and (4) to commit partiality towards the weak, (5) \nThe alignment of the meaning and leadership of a King (6) restores the authority of a king. \nThe opponents performed by Sutasoma were not violent or physical, but through ideas and \ninitiatives that were delivered subtly so as to evoke a sense of compassion and \nconsciousness of King Parusadha How to be a king Wise. \n\nKeywords: resistance, hegemony, leadership value, roles and responsibilities  \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\nLiterary works are one of the forms of copyright, Carsa, and human works that implicitly \n\nor explicitly contain values and aesthetic functions. In addition, in social life or community \n\nliterary works are also often created to fulfill broader functions, such as the function of \n\neducation, social criticism, spiritual-religious, political, leadership and social cultural functions \n\nOther. One of the most famous literary works created by an Rsi or Empu named Mpu Kanwa \n\nduring the reign of the King Sailendra dynasty in Java Island. The literary work in question is \n\nthe Kekawin Sutasoma. The marriage was to contain the values of philisophis of education,", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2950, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6c656606-8e83-43f8-a259-0a97c247005c": {"__data__": {"id_": "6c656606-8e83-43f8-a259-0a97c247005c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58542", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "be6d9a30052c01521781964c8f5079e5dccad9781e29f94fbd86efe93e5a16c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "880000d4-6436-41e2-95e8-9d117503a3bd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "1dd6949e8a93d3ce01a37006b7adc73fcf4bd87f77c43bd3ff49714bdc60b62e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7af9a028-27a0-4a5a-b81b-dd28651c03b9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "123f2d217f2fa0572710f755f69fb47e0ad0e80a2f41501d713608279708150b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\npolitics, leadership, spiritual and tolerance relationship between Hindhu and Buddhism.  \n\nTherefore, Sutasoma's marriage was made by one of the Majapahit king, Hayam Huruk, as \n\na reference in carrying out his reign. In the marriage of Sutasoma is told there is a figure \n\nnamed Prince Sutasoma in the fight or resestensi against arrogant and inhumane behavior \n\nthat is done by a king named Parusadha. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to \n\nunderstand and analyze the form of resistance and the value of Sutasoma in the marriage of \n\nMpu Kanwa.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThe study uses qualitative data sourced from the text of the Kekawin Sutasoma \n\nliterature, and its translation, which is analyzed by interpretive approaches.  The foundation \n\nof the theory used is the theory of power of knowledge, hegemony, and semiotics.   \n\n \n\nFINDINGS AND DISCUSSION \n\n1. Attitude of arrogance and arbitrary king Parusadha \n\nIn the marriage of Sutasoma, tell me there is a king named Parusudha who has bad \n\ncharacter and behavior, selfish and arrogant in the process of his administration and also \n\nlikes to eat people. In addition to having unsurpassed supernatural power, great and vast \n\ndominion, abundant riches, matchless intellece, great name of praise and flattery, and the \n\ngrace of the divine equivalent, Dewa Rudra thus makes the king's heart change and Haughty. \n\nHis mercy to mankind or his people was lost with arrogance and selfishness after receiving \n\nthe supernatural grace of the Deity, as mentioned in the following quote of the Kekawin \n\nSutasoma text: \n\n\"Telas PWA Phala ning Tapenulahaken maheli Manah i The Mahasura, lost Hell IRA \n\nring Jagat let his compassion ring Anemu Wiyoga pity...\", which means: \"When you finish \n\naccepting all that grace, the heart of the king becomes transformed. His compassion for the \n\nworld was lost. His compassion for the afflicted and suffering vanished... \"    \n\n In the caliphate, the counsel and advice of the leaders and advisers of the kingdom \n\nwere in his neglect. He felt that what he was in mind, his speech, and all his actions were \n\nvery true, even exceeding the meaning of the counsel. The arrogant and selfish attitude of \n\nKing Jayantaka is seen when his pleasure in eating a dish of human flesh cannot be \n\nprevented anymore. He became increasingly wicked and known as Purusadha (Human-\n\nservant). Because of his actions the subordinate Kings, the royal officials, and the soldiers at", "start_char_idx": 2955, "end_char_idx": 5721, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7af9a028-27a0-4a5a-b81b-dd28651c03b9": {"__data__": {"id_": "7af9a028-27a0-4a5a-b81b-dd28651c03b9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58542", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "be6d9a30052c01521781964c8f5079e5dccad9781e29f94fbd86efe93e5a16c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6c656606-8e83-43f8-a259-0a97c247005c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "aacd675153b587fb53425448b9fc3530bbee40fe2d662d877d947baf382d3832", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "384bd919-6e58-478b-b97f-e726a271dba0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "63b0d17e07a07eb46d34fff7096abbbf7f0caec362a1950a6dacaf82b6479e43", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nthe palace of Ratnakanda asked him to go and leave the kingdom.  Purusadha went to a \n\nforest on the slopes of Mount Semeru and became a devotees of Bhairawa. For he continued \n\nto eat the flesh of man he became king of the Giants. All the Kings and people who lived near \n\nthe forest were exhausted by it. The subordinate Kings and soldiers at Ratnakanda are \n\nhaunted by enormous fear. They do not know where to look, because they are very afraid of \n\nPurusadha's magic in the field of action because in every battle the Lord Rudra incarnate in \n\nthe form of Parusadha so that he became very milky. On the basis of the terrible experience, \n\nthe ministers and the people came and asked Parisudha the king of the Giants to return to \n\nthe palace of Ratnakanda and to occupy the throne again.  \n\nThe attitudes and behaviors shown were clearly displaying selfishness, arrogance, \n\nand arbitrariness of King Purusadha as a leader. Such attitudes and behaviors arise in \n\none's self because it is neglected by the power factor and power it possesses. When a \n\nperson is drunk with strength, treasure, and power, then the logic and wisdom of that \n\nperson will be lost and replaced by selfishness, arrogance, and arbitrariness and cannot \n\ndistinguish deserving or inappropriate, the good and the Poor as well as proper and \n\nabstinence, because the person is in a drunk condition controlled by false desires. \n\n \n\n2. King Purusadha's Caliphate \n\nIn the Book of Sarasainty, (Rai Sudharta, 1991:474, p. 128), mentioned that power \n\n(ambition), and luxury (wealth) often make people selfish, ambition, neglected, confused, \n\nTakabur This power, riches, and desires of infinite desire make the king of Purusadha err \n\nand drift in the darkness, because it has caused chaos and destruction everywhere. The \n\nbehavior of the caliphate and without knowing compassion is by indulgence and the \n\npersonal desires that take shelter behind the power and power of the arrest and prey of \n\nmen every day which of course no one is willing to be made offerings to him. Not enough to \n\nprey on man, his desire increased to arrest one hundred kings be made a sacrificial offering \n\nby him.  \n\n \n\n3. Bhakti and duties as a prince \n\nIn religious teachings, especially Hinduism, it is asserted that children must obey, \n\nrespect, and devote to parents who have been in good faith as the Rupaka teacher who has \n\nbeen giving birth, providing the His children. The child who has been able to internalized the \n\nconcept of the teaching of the son Sesana in his behavior is called a Suputra child. According", "start_char_idx": 5726, "end_char_idx": 8603, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "384bd919-6e58-478b-b97f-e726a271dba0": {"__data__": {"id_": "384bd919-6e58-478b-b97f-e726a271dba0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58542", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "be6d9a30052c01521781964c8f5079e5dccad9781e29f94fbd86efe93e5a16c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7af9a028-27a0-4a5a-b81b-dd28651c03b9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "0ac988f795b053b9f0dee0359858728622ace66c9839e2483a60ce1ea2d9bac0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9f45e77a-a1eb-4532-9b3d-c62ab5be0c7c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1f856e97e318c04a2a0f80c86e352bb37b27d0db615ad2ae5c8f68b35850e6a4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\nto I Wayan Jendra (2009:9 \u2014 10), Suputra is a child who is both internally and externally. \n\nThe meaning of either internally is a child who possesses sublime intelligence, ethics and \n\nmorality and avoids bad traits like sad Ripu and Sapta Timira. Externally, Suputra is a child \n\nwho likes to do Good (Sathya), committing Virtue (dharma), Compassion (Prema), Peace \n\n(Shanti), and displeased acts of violence (Ahimsa), and respect and devotion to God, \n\nteachers, Good leaders, parents, and can appreciate others, and uphold the nature of unity \n\nin diversity. A child can be called a suputra when it has noble qualities as mentioned above, \n\nand the child is termed Manawa Madhawa or \"Man of God\".  \n\nThe form of devotion of a suputra to his parents, King Mahaketu and Empress Dowager \n\nwho was experiencing sadness and worrying about his negrans due to the hegemony of the \n\npower of King Purusadha. Realizing the difficult situation and conditions faced by his parents, \n\nPrince Sutasoma became touched, his compassion emerged. As a manifestation of his \n\npaternal taste for parents, Prince Sutasoma intended to fulfill his parents ' request to fulfill his \n\nduty as a king succeeding his father. Thus, it was soon to be targeted to be arrested and \n\nmade offerings by King Purusadha. The idea and initiative of Prince Sutasoma preparing \n\nhimself as an offering, in addition to giving the awareness to King Purusadha for his actions \n\nso far that is making the misery of the people, also because of his duty to Parents as a \n\nsuputra. As mentioned in the quote of the following Kekawin Sutasoma text.   \n\n\"Tan Herina Ling the Wiku Wrddha monk, Mwang hyang Nikang bhumi telas manganjali, \n\nMojar majar dadya nikang Mahidhara, Ekabdi Yan Tan jinamurti bhupati.\" \n\n\"Kala Nikang Dewaganan Pangastuti, Ngkane at Hyang Paramesti Gottama, said Kapwa, the \n\ninterpretation of Winurstia, Rep. Saksana Ndah Waluyang Nrpatmaja.\" \n\n \n\n4. The alignment of the meaning of power and leadership \n\nA more critical view of the power arises in cultural studies, namely that there is a link \n\nbetween power and ideology which is then used as a weapon in mastering others subtly \n\ncalled hegemony. The concept of Gramsci about hegemony is often used to dismantle cultural \n\nestablishment in a covert domination process. The country present so strongly as the center \n\nof radiation hegemony to the people. In addition Gramsci uses the concept of hegemony to \n\ndescribe and analyze how the modern capitalist society is organized, or organized in the past \n\nand present (Gramsci 1999:11). Thus the concept of hegemony according to Gramsci refers \n\nto the notion of socio-political situation in its terminologia called the moment, where the \n\nphilosophy and social practice of society converge in a balanced state.", "start_char_idx": 8608, "end_char_idx": 11700, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9f45e77a-a1eb-4532-9b3d-c62ab5be0c7c": {"__data__": {"id_": "9f45e77a-a1eb-4532-9b3d-c62ab5be0c7c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58542", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "be6d9a30052c01521781964c8f5079e5dccad9781e29f94fbd86efe93e5a16c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "384bd919-6e58-478b-b97f-e726a271dba0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "65db4c90bfb5ad465676b46f12205723f0672c100183f9d53cd1ef73b3750730", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b7187f1c-c1aa-4ee2-af38-f6391944ffcc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f2cfc4c7cb7240821e5bd08055bbd0200c44d428a0b8be9abb8bdb46df48f785", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\n Therefore, power is not of a particular subject but is in every person as a strategy, so \n\nthat it is in the end. It is said that power is everywhere according to the concept of power as \n\na sophisticated strategy that anyone can reach from within itself since it has the will to know. \n\nPower works according to the strong differences. Power becomes there because of the many \n\ndifferences. In many different differences can be built relationships or networks so that \n\nthrough the network the power arises. And because of these differences, power can operate \n\nthrough the normalization of maintaining and regulatory or prohibiting and punishing.  \n\nFoucault said with power \"must be understood first a lot and the variety of power \n\nrelations inherent in the field of those relationships and its organization. The game will \n\ntransform, reinforce, reverse those relationships through ongoing struggles and battles \". \n\nFoucault tried to redefine power with and related knowledge (here Foucault owes his favor to \n\nphilosopher Nietzsche [Fuller, 2007b; Lemert, 2005a]). Power is not proprietary but rather a \n\nstrategy. Power relates to the strategy of practice in a scope where there are many positions \n\nstrategically related to each other and always experiencing a shift. Power is not understood \n\nand practiced as belonging so that the power becomes a means to dominate each other \n\nglobally from a particular class to another class. Where there is power affirmation, there is \n\nresistance. When there is a power affirmation there is always resistance, not in the sense of \n\npower from the outside or the opposite, but because of the power itself. \n\nWhen associated with Max Weber's view of the bureaucracy (Ritzer 2014:38-39) \n\nThen, historically the bureaucracy process according to it as a system of authority, \n\ncharismatic and rational system of legal. He thinks the system of traditional authority is more \n\ndominated by belief systems, such as the right to be King is based on lineage, while from the \n\ncharismatic system to obtain its authority from its capabilities or common features, or perhaps \n\nFrom the follower's belief that the leader had a rule in the lead. In addition, Weber explained \n\nthat the system of legal rational Authority refers to the legislation that is legally valid in a \n\nContracting State. Therefore, in relation to the text about the canto can be part of the \n\ncompetition of a leader.       \n\nThe requirement not to fulfill good criteria as the ruler caused his leadership to result \n\nin imbalances. A king must be able to lead with unblemish knowledge, if a ruler is incapable \n\nof showing good and bad examples of how the people and their subordinates can understand \n\nabout right and wrong. A ruler must master an understanding of rights and obligations, desires \n\nor needs, and that is appropriate or not yet appropriate. Accordingly, the important message \n\nconveyed in the mating of Sutasoma is the sublime values pertaining to how necessarily a", "start_char_idx": 11714, "end_char_idx": 15005, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b7187f1c-c1aa-4ee2-af38-f6391944ffcc": {"__data__": {"id_": "b7187f1c-c1aa-4ee2-af38-f6391944ffcc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58542", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "be6d9a30052c01521781964c8f5079e5dccad9781e29f94fbd86efe93e5a16c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9f45e77a-a1eb-4532-9b3d-c62ab5be0c7c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "28b45c2fde133a9260dd90a3e69720d9c904e94049eb8622b6d1249ea48a46db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f72e1d31-33c8-4c9f-a2ac-fb1763517aac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dd5a0fd4de0be2e30c11edd42653b0a6b43afe6ef233756019e13b423d2736a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\nleader or king is carrying out his role so that the balance, well-being and purpose of \n\ngovernance reached. \n\n \n\n5. Defense against the weak \n\nDefence and resistance to the hegemony of King Purusadha who did the oppression \n\nand exploitation of the weak kings. The degrading and exploitation done by capturing, inviting \n\nand making kings as offerings in living conditions make the dignity and rebuking of humanity \n\nunabated and persecuted. Such as a quote of the Kekawin text of Sutasoma \"Towin rakwa \n\nya tan sinung mejahaneki sri Narendradhipa, Apan rakwa kenoh Nireka Sikepen Ling \n\nPorusada Prabhu,...\" (Pupuh CI, 5. P. 342). Which means \"moreover they are not allowed to \n\nkill the king. Prabu Purusadha wanted him to be captured alive. \" Implying how recounted the \n\nKings were considered to be such a thing that would be uneasy to use. In addition to the \n\nquote text of the Kekawin Sutasoma that reads;  \n\n\"Sampun Rakwa sangang daseki Kalawan Nawa Wilang Ira sang Watek Ratu, Ngkane prsta \n\nNikang Wimana mapupul Kadi Garuda opposite Mahoraga, single Rakwa Wekas Pinaksa \n\nalso the Gupatana satang Nareswara,...\" (Pupuh XCVI, 1. P. 319). Which means \"now told, \n\nthere have been ninety and nine kings who were taken captive, and gathered together in the \n\ntail of Wimana, so as to look like Garuda with the Great Dragon. It still takes one king to fulfill \n\nhis number into a hundred. \" Placing the other kings in subordination and exploitation as an \n\nobject of disposition and the gratiing of the lust of greed and the ambition of King Purusadha. \n\nAlthough it is not explained in real-life, it can be felt that the dismay and the persecution of \n\nthe other kings.  \n\nThe suffering, exploitation, and harassment of the haraam and dignity of the \n\nsubordinate Kings made Prince Sutasoma defend in his own way. The struggle, resistance \n\nand defence committed by Prince Sutasoma, in addition to the emsipative, also on his own \n\ninitiative to strengthen human rights and interests related to justice and equality in \n\nindependence. Human rights are the fundamental right or fundamental right that human \n\nbeings have since birth as the gift of God Almighty. Human rights are the grace of God \n\nAlmighty since birth, so no one can take it or break it. We should be obliged to appreciate this \n\naward by not distinguishing human beings based on the background of race, ethnicity, \n\nreligion, color of work, culture, and others. But keep in mind that with human rights does not \n\nmean to be able to act, because humans also have to respect other human rights.", "start_char_idx": 15010, "end_char_idx": 17874, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f72e1d31-33c8-4c9f-a2ac-fb1763517aac": {"__data__": {"id_": "f72e1d31-33c8-4c9f-a2ac-fb1763517aac", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58542", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "be6d9a30052c01521781964c8f5079e5dccad9781e29f94fbd86efe93e5a16c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b7187f1c-c1aa-4ee2-af38-f6391944ffcc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "ecceff2822eb48d8e456a55d6ca4b5e2baa6eeb40b3285bb0c0a29ed39a40e8f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "507da385-b8df-4808-8dcb-a35653d3930b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "917dc2f6f6d81c875409411bbff177c8ba4ba5d87ce82215eeeda8f40bf9aa8a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\n6. Restoring the authority of a king \n\n For the behavior and the lunge of King Purusadha who arbitrarily with power and \n\nstrength, made the king farther away from his glory and majesty, even his authority was at \n\nstake. King Purusadha was a very powerful king, respected by his allies and feared by his \n\nenemies. Many kingdoms were subject to him, even he was regarded as a world leader. Many \n\nof the flattery titles held by King Purusadha for example by his father were given the name of \n\nKing Sudanda because he grew up in glory, virtue Unblemish. King Sudanda was very diligent \n\nwith his association, he exercised a sublime morality during his life as the son of King Sudasa \n\nso that Dewa Rudra descended to his palace giving the title of Jayantaka. With the epithet \n\ngiven by Dewa Rudra Jayantaka is regarded as the incarnation of Rudra because while in \n\nwarfare such as Rudra is the incarnate who makes his enemies subject and submissive. With \n\nthe nickname and name he held to indicate King Purusadha was a king who had a great \n\nauthority, mighty with great power, and abundant wealth, so that the kingdom of Ratnakanda \n\nexperienced the apex of its abundance.  \n\n From the data described in this story shows that King Purusadha is a king of a very \n\nauthoritative, well-known, Milky, rich, wealthy, strong, beautiful country, and his people live in \n\nprosperity, safe, peaceful and always happy. \n\n The coercion of wills set in power is a symbolic hardness of people who have a power \n\nstatus. King Purusadha made use of his status as a king imposing his will to capture a \n\nhundred kings by arresting them through war. There is no choice for the king to be the target \n\nof his prey, surrender or death in battle. This plan was done by King Purusadha to fulfill his \n\nambition of appearing as a king of the Mahautama or another king than the other and no one \n\nwas able to equal his authority.  \n\n The imposition of the will by King Purusadha actually lowered his authority because \n\nmany kings prefer to decay and declare war on him. However, the coercion of wills set in \n\negoistic and power arrogance and the authoritarian attitude of King Purusadha as a ruler is \n\nincreasingly being shown, his heart is increasingly bued by the falsehood (greedy) and Tamas \n\n(Kelobaan). The considerations and advice of the Royal Priest were not at all in his control, \n\neven improving the quality of his coercion and hegemics to broaden the power through the \n\nforces of his giant soldiers.  \n\n With the affirmation and the excuse of expanding this power used by King Purusadha \n\nto strengthen his hegemate so that his subordinates dare not argue and the wishes of the \n\nking can walk according to his purpose. The coercion of the will of King Purusadha is sure to", "start_char_idx": 17883, "end_char_idx": 20952, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "507da385-b8df-4808-8dcb-a35653d3930b": {"__data__": {"id_": "507da385-b8df-4808-8dcb-a35653d3930b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58542", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "be6d9a30052c01521781964c8f5079e5dccad9781e29f94fbd86efe93e5a16c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f72e1d31-33c8-4c9f-a2ac-fb1763517aac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "ff56f94b6d448812ab687931940e05552880eb0dd70c4f542368b5a2c0d01471", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ec6fef95-d02a-484e-a4d9-f5d26822e133", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b58bbf1020679cac86a4854d1d574c6780528416c3c53d7fcfdde6f50df01292", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nhave a negative impact and inflict the sacrifices that are terhegemony and persecuted. The \n\nsacrifices were among the palace officials, the king's adviser, especially the people whose \n\nking was made the target of offering to Dewa Kala. This relates to the concept of Foucault \n\nregarding knowledge is power or power is knowledge, although it is not explicitly told, but it is \n\ncertain that the Kings were not willing to be taken captive to Offerings to God Kala. But the \n\nresistance is not changing the state of the moment faced by the mighty power of the king's \n\nreign, it is certain that life and kingdom become stakes. The coercion that caused others to \n\nbe a hegemony actually resulted in an antipathy or disagreement to the plan, and lowered \n\nthe authority of King Purusadha. As evidence of the inconsistency and decline of the King's \n\nauthority is the response and courage of Prince Sutasoma which can be considered \n\nrepresentative of the people, giving the awareness of King Purusadha. The awareness of the \n\nmistakes and errors made by himself is too follow the desires of the heart with the appetite \n\nand ambitions of power that make heartache and misery on the other. The efforts of the \n\nawareness made by Prince Sutasoma are the counter-hegemony of the hegemony applied \n\nby King Purusadha in achieving his ambition to be King of power and no one can match him. \n\nIndeed, Prince Sutasoma's resistance was not because he hated King Purusadha, but he \n\ncared for the survival of the world and its contents.  \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nThe resistance effort made by Prince Sutasoma in addition to rescuing mankind from \n\ndestruction, is also intended to give the awareness to King Purusadha in a very intelligent \n\nway that provides the Enlightenment found in The teachings of the Nitisastra leadership in \n\ngeneral and the mating of Sutasoma are as guidance as a leader to control himself so that \n\nhis authority as a worthy king may be a role model to maintain the balance of relations \n\nbetween the King And his people and the king with his ministers and officers to achieve \n\nwelfare and justice for the kingdom.   \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nIn this opportunity allow me to thank Prof. Dr. I Made Suastika, S.U. and Prof. Dr. I \n\nNyoman Suarka, M.Hum. for their supervision so this article as part of a dissertation could be \n\ncompleted in time. Thanks are also extended to the management of the Doctorate Study \n\nProgram of Cultural Studies of Udayana University for supporting the writer during the", "start_char_idx": 20957, "end_char_idx": 23764, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ec6fef95-d02a-484e-a4d9-f5d26822e133": {"__data__": {"id_": "ec6fef95-d02a-484e-a4d9-f5d26822e133", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58542", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "be6d9a30052c01521781964c8f5079e5dccad9781e29f94fbd86efe93e5a16c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "507da385-b8df-4808-8dcb-a35653d3930b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "bb2ce242419b72b318c694acd2a4ed1636f19c270572165cb88556fe20dbd129", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d7cfaa3f-f987-4798-904d-ee3e1c80d3a7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6b0d3437e2bbd50a62eb959879ea30cc668fe5aa916528346c9af658885da38c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 1-9   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\ncompletion of this article and dissertation. A word of appreciation should also go to the \n\nDirectorate General of Higher Education for funding the writer during his study. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nAlthusser, Louise, 2008. Tentang Ideologi: Marxisme Strukturalis, Psikoanalisis, Cultural \n Studies. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. \n\nBarker, Chris, 2004. Cultural Studies. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana \n\nDibia, 2014. Materi Kuliah Teori Estetika. Denpasar: Kajian Budaya \n\nDharsono. 2007. Estetika. Bandung: Rekayasa Sains \n\nDjelantik, A.A.M. 1999. Estetika Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan \nIndonesia (MSPI) \n\nHardjana, Andre. 1981. Kritik Sastra Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia \n\nJones, Pip (Achmad F. Saifuddin,ed) 2009. Pengantar Teori-teori Sosial: Dari Teori \nFungsionalisme Hingga Post-modernisme.  Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia \n\nMastuti, Dwi Woro Retno, 2009. Kekawin Sutasoma: Mpu Tantular. Jakarta: Komunitas \nBambu \n\nRitzer George, dan Douglas J. Goodman. 2011. Teori Sosiologi Modern (Terjemahan \nAlimandan).  Jakarta: Prenada Media Group  \n\nRobson, S.O. 1978. Pengkajian Sastra-sastra Tradisional Indonesia. Dalam Bahasa dan \nSastra. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan  \n\nSancaya, IDG. Windhu. 2002. Yoga Sastra dan Konsepsi Estetika dalam Sastra Bali Klasik. \nKintamani, Edisi 10 Tahun I : 22-24 \n\nScott, James C. 2000. Senjata Orang-orang Yang Kalah. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia \n\nSuarka, I Nyoman, 2012. Lukisan Sutasoma :pada Bale Kambang Kerta \nGosa,Klungkung,Bali:  Pusat Kajian Bali& Udayana University Press \n\nSugih Arta, Putu. 2011. Sutasoma Pangeran Rembulan. Surabaya: Paramita \n\nSugriwa, Ida Bagus. 1978. Penuntun Pelajaran Kekawin. Denpasar: Proyek Sasana Budaya \nBali  \n\nTeeuw, A.,1988. Sastra dan Ilmu Sastra Pengantar Teori Sastra. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya-\nGirimukti Pasaka \n\nZoetmulder,P.J, 1985. Kalangwan Sastra Jawa Kuno Selayang Pandang. Leiden: Djamban", "start_char_idx": 23769, "end_char_idx": 25975, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d7cfaa3f-f987-4798-904d-ee3e1c80d3a7": {"__data__": {"id_": "d7cfaa3f-f987-4798-904d-ee3e1c80d3a7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ec6fef95-d02a-484e-a4d9-f5d26822e133", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58542", "author": "Widiantari, I Gusti Ayu Sri; Suastika, I Made; Suarka, I Nyoman", "title": " RESISTENSI PANGERAN SUTASOMA TERHADAP HEGEMONI RAJA PURUSADHA DALAM CERITA KEKAWIN SUTASOMA", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58542.pdf"}, "hash": "c13e2d6286833ed6269bb587e0f12296836f3aa66411a7830b3932e75670c9ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "90eb901f-8af8-4ca9-adec-d4ac787e9edf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "623ad2d42b2d9be97cd679dfafaa423528d5a02cf4571ca8a9007acb7eef0a7c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Bugis 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\n \nSOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN \n\nSERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY \n \n\nA.A. Ngr Anom Kumbara1, Ida Bagus Gde Putra2 \n \n\n12Faculty of Arts, University of Udayana Denpasar \n \n\nEmail: 1anom_kumbara@unud.ac.id, 2gde_putra@unud.ac.id \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 28-06-2019 \nAccepted Date : 11-08-2019 \nPublished Date : 30-11-2019 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nThe Bugis community who lived and lived on the Island of Serangan in the City of Denpasar \noriginated from South Sulawesi who migrated around the middle of the 17th century. The \nexistence of this community shows its own uniqueness and dynamics in the historical, \npolitical, economic and cultural context so that it is interesting to study socially historically. \nThe purpose of this study is 1) to understand the factors causing social conflicts in the Bugis \ncommunity on Serangan Island; 2) understand the process and mechanism of conflict \nresolution in the Bugis community on Serangan Island, and 3) analyze the impact of the \nconflict on the lives of the Bugis community on Serangan Island. The research approach and \nanalysis method is qualitative. Data collection techniques carried out by in-depth interviews, \nobservation, and document analysis. Based on these methods, this study found that the \nfactors causing conflict were land dispute and the rejection of the execution of the district \ncourt and Makamah Agung verdict by 36 families of Bugis residents who occupy the disputed \nland. Conflict resolution is done by means of mediation, negotiation and cohersiveness. In \nconclusion, the impact of conflict is positive and negative. However, negative impacts are \nmore dominant than positive impacts, especially in the economic, environmental, and health \nproblems in children of conflict victims' families. \n \nKeywords, Bugis community, social conflict, resolution, conflict impact \n \n\n \nPRELIMINARY \n\nThe existence of the Bugis Ethnic Community on the Island of Attack in the City of \n\nDenpasar in its historical span shows its own uniqueness and dynamics in the political, \n\neconomic, and socio-cultural context so it is interesting to study Anthropology. According to \n\nhistorical records the Bugis community who lived on Serangan Island came from South \n\nSulawesi who migrated to Bali around the middle of the 17th century (Suwitha, 2014). In the \n\ncourse of its life history, the Bugis population continues to grow and then form a unit group", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2801, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "90eb901f-8af8-4ca9-adec-d4ac787e9edf": {"__data__": {"id_": "90eb901f-8af8-4ca9-adec-d4ac787e9edf", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d7cfaa3f-f987-4798-904d-ee3e1c80d3a7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "fc4c0fa1d83b438323de869cefd6a36d791d9a137e30c006e87cc869b354e112", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "420b9bac-948e-4c27-b60d-7d8a10c756e0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "afff601d5544ed9ecd83f0a13719365d9ad913e1917a9bb8824c2e3cc709bf4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nthat has unique customs and culture that is different from the characteristics possessed by \n\nother groups. The human group unit that has a permanent residence area, has its own \n\nlanguage, has customs and culture inherited from this generation which is defined as a \n\ncommunity (Koentjaraningrat, 1980). \n\nAccording to the historical record of the life of the Bugis on the island of Serangan, \n\nthat the elders of the Bugis community have interacted intensively and adapted harmoniously \n\nwith local residents who are Hindus. In this long interaction according to historical records, \n\nthey almost never conflicted with the locals. In fact, during the reign of the Badung kings many \n\nBugis community members were appointed to the Badung royal army and became a well-\n\nknown force reliable for their courage and loyalty to the Badung kingdom.However, the \n\nportrait is a romantic phenomenon of the past. Conversely, since the New Order government \n\nuntil now in line with the passage of time and environmental, socio-cultural and political \n\nchanges, both at the national and local levels the harmony of the social life of the Bugis \n\ncommunity began to be disturbed, due to conflicts that often appear on Serangan Island, both \n\nintra conflicts or between members of the Bugis community as well as conflicts between the \n\nBugis and outsiders (investors, the government, and with local Hindus). It is assumed that \n\nthere are many interrelated factors that cause and trigger conflict in this region. Based on the \n\nresults of the preliminary study, information was obtained that since the New Order \n\ngovernment in collaboration with investors launched the Serangan island reclamation \n\nprogram for the benefit of tourism, social conflicts that had previously been rare, often occur \n\nrecently. The most actual social conflict involving the Bugis community occurred in 2017 and \n\ncontinued until 2018. Data and information about the causes of the conflict, its resolution \n\nmechanism, and its implications have not been adequately available, because no one has \n\nstudied it scientifically. In its historical development, the existence of the Bugis community \n\nshows its own uniqueness and dynamics in its historical, political, economic and cultural \n\ncontext, so it is interesting to study historically. In this regard, the purpose of this study is 1) \n\nto understand the factors causing social conflicts in the Bugis community on Serangan Island; \n\n2) understand the process and mechanism of conflict resolution in the Bugis community on \n\nSerangan Island, and 3) analyze the impact of the conflict on the lives of the Bugis community \n\non Serangan Island.", "start_char_idx": 2806, "end_char_idx": 5763, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "420b9bac-948e-4c27-b60d-7d8a10c756e0": {"__data__": {"id_": "420b9bac-948e-4c27-b60d-7d8a10c756e0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "90eb901f-8af8-4ca9-adec-d4ac787e9edf", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "25dc5e45f4e6a8248c8ebfd36dfd87f24bcdeb181b7542b5d8196a96be4fde10", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a9770791-31ec-4286-886a-0ed8611a46a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fc817e4d150efbafe40b5d07c952848407677e0acfef7d95da314a6a5fc59b22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\nCONFLICT THEORY \n\nConflict, cooperation and accommodation are three possibilities that are unavoidable \n\nin every relationship between groups. Conflict is something that is endemic or latently always \n\nexists in human life in society, is no exception in the social life of the Balinese people. In \n\nconnection with this research, it is deemed necessary to elaborate on the concepts and \n\ntheories of conflict that are relevant in order to clarify the direction of the objectives of this \n\nstudy. According to Webster (1966) the term \"conflict\" means \"fight, war, or struggle\", namely \n\nphysical confrontation between several parties. This understanding in the last decade has \n\nexpanded to the psychological domain so that understanding is no longer a single concept. \n\nTo combine physical and psychological aspects in a social conflict, the conflict can be \n\ninterpreted as \"the perception of differences in interests (perceived divergence of intersest) \n\nor a belief that the aspirations of conflicting parties cannot be achieved simultaneously\" \n\n(Pruitt, et al., 2004: 9-10). \n\nAccording to Marx (in Sanderson, 1993) structured forms of conflict between various \n\nindividuals and groups arise mainly through the formation of personal relationships in \n\nproduction. In a society that has been divided by class, social classes that have the forces of \n\nproduction can subordinate other social classes and force the group to work to fulfill their own \n\ninterests. Thus, the dominant class establishes relations with subordinated classes in a \n\nprocess of economic exploitation. Naturally these subordinated classes will be angry because \n\nthey are exploited and driven to rebel against the dominant class and abolish their privileges. \n\nHowever, because the dominant class recognizes the possibility of resistance from the lower \n\nclasses, it creates a mechanism to break the resistance (Sanderson, 1993: 12-14). \n\nIn analyzing class disagreement in society, Marx relied on the following theoretical \n\nhypothesis. (1) social life is basically an arena of conflict or competition between and within \n\nopposing groups. (2) economic and political resources are important things that are seized \n\nby various groups. (3) a typical consequence of this conflict is the division of society into \n\neconomically determinant and subordinated groups. (4) the social patterns of a society are \n\nlargely determined by the social influence of the group which is economically a determinant \n\ngroup. (5) social conflicts and conflicts within and between various societies give birth to \n\nforces that drive social change. (6) because conflict and conflict are basic features of social \n\nlife, social change becomes a common and frequent thing (Sanderson, 1993: 14). However, \n\nthen Dahrendorf (1964 and 1986) criticized that view that society is not only grouped in two", "start_char_idx": 5772, "end_char_idx": 8922, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a9770791-31ec-4286-886a-0ed8611a46a6": {"__data__": {"id_": "a9770791-31ec-4286-886a-0ed8611a46a6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "420b9bac-948e-4c27-b60d-7d8a10c756e0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "9f2bf264ccefb50349bac3ab36737445899be672514a6a5c123fae63d0ad7d41", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d877b3ff-daef-481c-a5bc-c21df0b1cecc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d22ed6ad41572519103cabda7e3bb862cb1d34b4bab83f0634dac995ac032d47", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\nlayers (top-bottom layer), but also that there is an intermediate layer which mediates between \n\nthe two layers. \n\nAccording to Dahrendorf (1986), Marx's thesis is not entirely correct based on several \n\nreasons, namely (1) in reality there has been a decomposition of capital so that the \n\nconcentration of capital on someone does not occur; (2) in reality there has also been a \n\ndecomposition of labor so that there are no conflicting interests between the owner of capital \n\nand the worker; and (3) the emergence of a new class that brings with it changes in the \n\nmechanism of work and the composition of capital. As a result, the contradictions predicted \n\nby Marx eventually tended to be regulated through institutionalization. Thus, conflicts that \n\narise are more caused by unequal distribution of power and conflicts that occur can be \n\nresolved through institutionalization. Dahrendorf's central concept in this context refers to \n\naspects of authority and position, namely that the distribution of power and authority is \n\nuneven, without exception being a factor that determines social conflict systematically. \n\nDifferences in authority prove there will be differences in positions in society and because \n\nthat authority is valid, any individual who is not subject to the existing authority will be subject \n\nto sanctions. \n\nDahrendorf explain that, Marx did not see the possibility of separation between the \n\nowners of capital and the control of the means of production. The emergence of a new middle \n\nclass which is at the same time a manager has caused confusion between the owners of \n\ncapital and labor, often it happens that the middle class is trying to bridge the interests of both \n\nparties. Therefore, conflicts do not occur between the owners of capital and workers, but \n\nbetween the holders of power and those controlled. This argument also at the same time \n\nperfects the conflict model of the two Marx classes to the pluralistic model of conflict. \n\nDahrendorf (1986) further argues that in an association marked by conflict there is tension \n\nbetween those who are accommodated in the power structure and try to maintain the status \n\nquo and those who must submit to that structure. The interest of the business group develops \n\nan ideology that legitimizes its power, while the interests of the opposition group give rise to \n\nthe threat of this ideology and the social relations it contains. Therefore, groups involved in \n\nconflict are divided into two types, namely (1) quasi-groups (quasi groups) and (2) interest \n\ngroups (interest groups). The pseudo group is a collection of power holders with the same \n\ninterests in maintaining the order of power. Instead, an interest group is a group of people \n\nwho want a change in existing power. According to this view, conflicts tend to originate from \n\ninterest groups.", "start_char_idx": 8927, "end_char_idx": 12078, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d877b3ff-daef-481c-a5bc-c21df0b1cecc": {"__data__": {"id_": "d877b3ff-daef-481c-a5bc-c21df0b1cecc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a9770791-31ec-4286-886a-0ed8611a46a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "a6faf79b08a4c2174ba030f5614b684b2b64d9994f458a023f17e3675a957cf2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "62bcb35a-fa47-4230-af25-32c4d27b3c94", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "022f82f5c781cab2b350ce6131790738e2d2d7b2a20ca156326775ae29ecc95b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\nInterest groups as sources of conflict are divided into two, namely (1) manifested \n\ninterests and (2) latent or potential interests. Latent interests are potential behaviors that have \n\nbeen determined for someone because they occupy certain roles, but they are not aware of \n\nit. When the unconscious interests come to the surface in the form of realized goals, such as \n\nthe struggle for equality in terms of position, opportunities and utilization of resources, an \n\norganization called the Dahrendorf interest group is realized or manifested. In other thoughts, \n\nMax Weber believes that conflict occurs in a way that is much broader than just basic material \n\nconditions (Sanderson, 1993: 115-118). Max Weber acknowledged that conflict in fighting \n\nover economic resources is a basic feature of human life, but he argues that many other types \n\nof conflict also occur. The two types of conflict that Weber focuses on are as follows. \n\nFirst, conflicts occur in the political arena as something that is very fundamental. For him, \n\nsocial life is in some degree a contradiction to gain power and domination by certain \n\nindividuals and groups over others. He did not consider that the opposition to gaining power \n\nwas only driven by the desire to obtain economic benefits. On the contrary, he sees to some \n\ndegree as the purpose of the conflict itself (Sanderson, 1993: 13-14). Weber argues that \n\nopposition to gaining power is not limited to formal political organizations, but also occurs in \n\nevery type of group, such as religious organizations, ethnic organizations, education, and \n\nother types of organizations. \n\nSecond, the type of conflict that Weber often emphasizes is conflict in terms of ideas \n\nand ideals. He argues that people are often challenged to gain dominance in terms of their \n\nworld views, whether in the form of religious doctrine, social philosophy, or conceptions about \n\nlifestyles or cultural behaviors that are considered right, appropriate, and best. Moreover, \n\nthese ideas and ideals are not only disputed, but are often used as weapons, instruments \n\nand instruments of legitimacy in opposition to others, both in the socio-political, economic, \n\nand cultural fields. So, people can fight, fight for power and at the same time try to convince \n\none another that it is not the power they are aiming for, but the triumph of principles that are \n\nethically and philosophically believed to be true. For this reason, Weber concluded that \n\nconflict is one of the principles of social life that is very strong and cannot be eliminated. In \n\nany type of society in the future people will continue to fight for various resources (economic, \n\npolitical, and symbolic) despite taking substantially varied forms and levels of violence. \n\nMeanwhile, Simmel (Coser, 1964) stated that in many cases the conflict was potential \n\nto form and maintain structure. In its instrumental function in the formation, integration, and \n\nmaintenance of social structures, the conflict functions positively, namely (1) establishing and", "start_char_idx": 12083, "end_char_idx": 15434, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "62bcb35a-fa47-4230-af25-32c4d27b3c94": {"__data__": {"id_": "62bcb35a-fa47-4230-af25-32c4d27b3c94", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d877b3ff-daef-481c-a5bc-c21df0b1cecc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "80dc72da3c8dd498d18a787d2558b53802e2f53a0263ae18dda6308da5fe5a99", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d7149301-965a-48c9-9c0d-677c2b1457be", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "132040ea52b85c659e1be7e79fe6ebdcdcea5563c064603e8646301e9292459d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\nsupporting the boundary line between two or more disputing groups; (2) strengthening the \n\ngroup's identity and protecting it from breaking down in the surrounding social world; (3) \n\nclarifying the identity of group members, especially conflicts that occur with out-groups; and \n\n(4) cleaning up the atmosphere through so-called \"savety valves\" which are typical \n\nmechanisms for maintaining structures or preventing ongoing social conflicts, especially \n\nconflicts that occur within the group itself (in groups). Thus, conflict is not merely seen as a \n\nphenomenon that damages social stability, but also contains aspects that can make a positive \n\ncontribution to other systems (Coser, 1964). Moving on from the above description, the \n\nconflict theory research is used eclectically to lower the problems that are formulated, both of \n\nwhich have an economic, power, ideological and functional determinant. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nThis research was designed using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques \n\ncarried out by interviewing, in-depth with informants, observation, and document analysis. To \n\nobtain information and comprehensive understanding, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was \n\nalso conducted with village officials, stake holders and community members involved in the \n\nconflict. Furthermore, the data analysis was carried out qualitatively through three cyclic \n\nstages, namely data reduction, exposure, and drawing conclusions and verification to obtain \n\nreliability and transferability in accordance with the assumptions and theoretical framework \n\nthat was built. \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\n1. Factors Causing Conflict \n\nSanderson (2000: 12) states that social life is an arena of conflict or conflict between \n\nand within opposing groups. This opinion asserts that the whole realm of social life actually \n\nhas the potential for conflict, which can be both structural and functional, depending on the \n\nsituation and environmental conditions and the experience of the parties to the conflict. \n\nAccording to Marx (Ritzer and Goodman, 2004: 65) that law is one of the superstructures built \n\nby capital groups to secure their position and power. In its capacity as a superstructure, law \n\ngoverns people's lives. Although the Marxians see the law more favorable to the capital, but \n\nhere the law is positioned as the foundation of the social life of the Indonesian people as a \n\nrule of law. In this case, the lives of Indonesian citizens, including members of the Serangan \n\nvillage community, are governed by state law.", "start_char_idx": 15439, "end_char_idx": 18295, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d7149301-965a-48c9-9c0d-677c2b1457be": {"__data__": {"id_": "d7149301-965a-48c9-9c0d-677c2b1457be", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "62bcb35a-fa47-4230-af25-32c4d27b3c94", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "07655359d74ab2e322d116d865a39a0985dfbfb552628813fa7fb8ead9e0ca3f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "00e385f8-2c6e-4b54-b23f-fa40b0119884", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8ff49418fe5050ea656a49196ddc46e90cc10855d6083bddea17506e9250c187", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\nTo see the phenomenon of conflict in the realm of law in the Bugis community on \n\nSerangan Island, it is indeed related to a land dispute over judicial decisions to execute court \n\nverdicts that Bugis community members who occupy the land owned by the case winner in \n\norder to relocate and dismantle all the houses they occupy illegally or against the law is in \n\naccordance with the court decision and Makamah Agung. However, because the community \n\nmembers did not want to move according to the court's decision, then the state legal \n\napparatus carried out forced demolition which in turn caused prolonged conflict. \n\nConflict is always created because there are limited resources that are contested by \n\ntwo or more parties. In the agrarian conflict in Kampung Bugis-Serangan which peaked on \n\nJanuary 3, 2017, the resource was none other than a plot of land totaling 9,400 m\u00b2. This \n\nchange in ownership status was the cause of the prolonged conflict and led to the demolition \n\nof 36 houses of Bugis-Attack residents. The causes of agrarian conflicts that occur in the \n\nBugis \u2013 Kampung community can be understood by combining the Marx and Dahrendorf \n\nconflict theories. Based on the Marxian conflict theory, the cause of the conflict can be \n\nexamined from the history of materialism (historical materialism) which gave birth to the status \n\nand power regarding land ownership as a source of conflict. Meanwhile, Dahrendorf's conflict \n\ntheory focused its analysis on the role and function of social institutions especially in \n\npolarizing the power of groups involved in the conflict. Both theoretical perspectives present \n\na more holistic and comprehensive social analysis of the causes of agrarian conflicts in \n\nKampung Bugis-Serangan, more than just a legal issue. \n\nIn the context of historical materialism, the information shows that there has been a \n\nchange in the way of community view of the status of land ownership as a material dialectic. \n\nInitially, the land was a gift from Raja Pamecutan to Bugis residents for their services so that \n\nthe status of this land was a grant land. This is evidenced by the record of tax mutations in \n\n1942 (Editor of Balebengong, 25 May 2014). In its status as a land grant, Bugis residents \n\nhave the authority to use the land for their needs, especially for settlements. In fact, Bugis \n\nresidents have indeed inhabited the land from generation to generation on condition that they \n\nmaintain the mandate of Raja Pamecutan to participate in preserving the existence of temples \n\naround the area of Serangan, even actively participating in social activities (regulating fathers) \n\nduring the implementation of piodalan (Segara, 2018 : 102). \n\nFrom the perspective of Marxian historical materialism it can be understood that the status of \n\nownership of land according to legal procedures has positioned the legal owner of the land \n\nas a new social class that gains power through its material property. This status and power", "start_char_idx": 18300, "end_char_idx": 21583, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "00e385f8-2c6e-4b54-b23f-fa40b0119884": {"__data__": {"id_": "00e385f8-2c6e-4b54-b23f-fa40b0119884", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d7149301-965a-48c9-9c0d-677c2b1457be", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "f5bb4275749e97ccae6f5f8615e98f3add8c04fded02de841e88f9c3393d88f5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "97da7b23-7a13-446e-9d24-d648759e3c5c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e993ed3d96943721d813cc7e5a77f25de382eca8f04ab015363da694104c38fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\nsupersedes previous patronage powers, both Puri Pemecutan and the Bugis traditional \n\nelders, especially in the context of subsistence ethics. Therefore, the conflict that occurs is \n\nnot the patron-client sociocultural domain, but has shifted to the economic structure between \n\nthe capital owner (landowner) and the proletarian class (without ownership rights to land) \n\n(Ritzer, 2003; Ritzer and Goodman, 2005). Increased efforts to exploit capital owners against \n\nthe proletariat, and conversely, an increase in proletarian awareness becomes the next \n\nhistorical dialectic so that conflict is inevitable (Ritzer and Goodman, 2011: 20-21). It is proven \n\nthat the land exclusion carried out by Maisarah in waves from 2014, 2016, and succeeded on \n\nJanuary 3, 2017, always gets resistance from Bugis residents who inhabit the land. \n\nBased on the description above, it can be understood that the cause of agrarian \n\nconflict in Kampung Bugis-Attack according to the perspective of the conflict between Marx \n\nand Dahrendorf can not only be limited to legal issues. Sociologically, the law here is more \n\nlikely to play a role as an institution that legitimizes the status of interest groups as legitimate \n\nowners of material property that is the source of conflict. On the contrary, in the analysis of \n\nsocial conflicts it can be understood that the cause of this conflict tends to be due to a shift in \n\nthe value of the Bugis-Attack community in interpreting the existence of the land, from \n\nsymbolic value (patron-client) to material value (commodity) as accumulated in the history of \n\nmaterialism. Here, the disputed land is no longer seen as 'collective property' on the same \n\nsociohistorical background, but has been transformed as a 'material property' which can be \n\ncontested as limited resources. \n\n2.Conflict Resolution  \n\nTheoretically, there are several ways that can be done to resolve social conflicts that \n\noccur in the community, namely: \n\n1) Coercive / coercive. This method is done by forcing the parties to the dispute to make \n\npeace. Coercion is done psychologically or physically. This method of coercion is carried out \n\nby strong parties against weak parties. The strong party usually puts forward conditions for \n\nending the conflict or terms for peace that must be accepted by the weak party. Coercive \n\nconflict resolution mechanisms are a common method if the disputing party is in an unequal \n\nposition of power. Coercive resolution of conflicts is often not apparent on the surface, so \n\ninterpretation is needed in depth. This kind of conflict resolution mechanism can also be \n\ncarried out in other areas of social conflict. In the case of this conflict, it was done by forcibly \n\ndemolishing the homes of residents of the Bugis community who were defeated by the law \n\nthrough the assistance of law and security personnel;", "start_char_idx": 21588, "end_char_idx": 24752, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "97da7b23-7a13-446e-9d24-d648759e3c5c": {"__data__": {"id_": "97da7b23-7a13-446e-9d24-d648759e3c5c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "00e385f8-2c6e-4b54-b23f-fa40b0119884", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "72a333887ff454f9c92ccd3a6965068ecd4915f8cfbd7f3dd35f34222f4dfcfa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "893e7195-ca9e-453f-94a8-82c2d03efd86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "62b008289709d78a5d06b69d519f5b27272e779a22c9f602ed2bc58bf6f1a49c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\n2) Negotiations, namely how to resolve conflicts at the initiative of the parties to the conflict. \n\nIn this process, the two parties to the conflict held talks in the form of bargaining about the \n\nconditions for ending the conflict. Negotiations put forward the way of deliberation to reach \n\nconsensus on the initiative of the conflicting parties. Society in general sees this mechanism \n\nas a peaceful mechanism. It can be said that this mechanism is the best mechanism in \n\nresolving social conflicts, due to the awareness of both parties to the conflict to end the \n\nconflict. However, in conflicts that are crucial and involve a broader structure, this mechanism \n\nis usually very rarely carried out so that the presence of a third party is still needed. \n\nSettlement of conflict problems through negotiation, deliberation, or consensus in the \n\nmanner as stated above can be said as one way of handling or resolving conflict problems \n\nwhich theoretically are called negotiations. It is said so because what is meant by negotiation \n\nis a process of negotiating two warring parties, both of an individual and collective nature to \n\nfind solutions to mutual solutions that are mutually beneficial without losing and winning \n\n(Darwis, 2007: 89). Agreement to conciliate that is produced by deliberation is usually \n\nconfirmed in writing signed by the relevant parties. However, information was obtained that \n\nsometimes the agreement was not fully obeyed in daily life. \"Peace at the elite level, under \n\nthe heat remains\" is a discourse that often arises in the resolution of social conflicts through \n\ndeliberations. \n\nThe mediation lasted for 5 (five) hours at the Serangan District Office and took place \n\na lot. The plaintiff (Masairah) represented by his third child, Siti Sapurah, came with his family \n\nand legal counsel, Haposan Sihombing, remained adamant that the execution be carried out \n\nthat day. But the defendant objected to the execution that day. The mediation was attended \n\nby Ida Cokorda Pemecutan who was specifically invited by residents of Kampung Bugis, two \n\nmembers of the Bali DPRD, namely Ketut Suwandi (Golkar Party faction), I Made Arjaya \n\n(PDIP party faction), and Ketut Resmiyasa (Denpasar City DPRD member). Besides that, it \n\nwas also attended by the Chief of Denpasar Police, AKBP Djoko Hariutomo, Danrem 163 / \n\nWirastya Kol. Inf. Anton Nugroho, Head of the Bugis Mohadi Village Environment, Riza Akbar \n\nMaya Putera SH Defendant's Attorney, Zaenal Thayeb as Chairperson of Family Harmony in \n\nSouth Sulawesi, Sub-district of South Denpasar, AA. Gede Risnawan, and the Village Head \n\nof Serangan, I Wayan Karma. This mediation resulted in an agreement in the form of a delay \n\nof execution for 3 months with the points of agreement signed by 33 residents of Kampung \n\nBugis, as follows:", "start_char_idx": 24757, "end_char_idx": 27887, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "893e7195-ca9e-453f-94a8-82c2d03efd86": {"__data__": {"id_": "893e7195-ca9e-453f-94a8-82c2d03efd86", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "97da7b23-7a13-446e-9d24-d648759e3c5c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "2f458bd41035b4dc93fe57d3dad4a1317c4c914f4b4271e534f4626161b74770", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c5e39ffd-03ab-476c-8a8c-8c3911e557a3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c06e3670867c6170f8d072efd71906c7ca38ded1f2a003d07c9d5d7915e5b959", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\n(1) We, as Execution Respondent, acknowledge the decision of the Denpasar District Court \n\nNo. 188 / Pdt.G / 2009 / PN.Dps dated December 10, 2009 Jo. Decision of the Denpasar High \n\nCourt No. 45 / Pdt / 2010 / PT.Dps dated June 28, 2010 Jo. Decision of the Supreme Court \n\nof the Republic of Indonesia No. 3081 / K / Pdt / 2012 dated March 22, 2012 has permanent \n\nlegal force over the execution that should have been carried out on Thursday, February 27, \n\n2014. (2) We as Execution Respondent hereby declare that we are willing to voluntarily \n\ndemolish buildings in any form located on land owned by the Execution Applicant Hj. \n\nMaisarah in accordance with the Certificate of Ownership No. 69 / Kelurahan Serangan, \n\nKecamatan Denpasar Selatan, Municipality of Denpasar. Situation picture Number: 4032/19 \n\nand also willing to leave the land without coercion and upon the humanity of the petitioned for \n\nexecution please be given a grace period of three months, counting the date of this statement \n\nsigned until the deadline no later than May 28, 2014. (3) If within the period as mentioned in \n\npoint two above, we as the Execution Respondent do not demolish the building and do not \n\nleave the location of the land owned by the Execution Applicant, then we are ready to be \n\nforcibly demolished with the assistance of the state authorities, without demanding \n\ncompensation or compensation compensation in any form. \n\nFrom this agreement, Riza Akbar Maya Putra (Defendant's Attorney), stated that they \n\nwould submit resistance to the executions that had been registered in register No.158 / Pdt / \n\nPlw / 2014. \"We will also submit a Review (PK) as soon as possible with new evidence that \n\nwe find new evidence with deed No.27 years 57 which turns out that the location is different \n\nfrom the disputed land that will be carried out today without any demolition\". Responding to \n\nopposition from the opposing camp, Siti Sapurah as the Execution Petitioner responded to it \n\ncoldly. He claimed to be disappointed because the execution was never carried out by the \n\nDenpasar District Court. As the Execution Applicant, he actually wants the execution to \n\nproceed according to the applicable legal process in which his party wins the disputed land \n\nin the Supreme Court (MA), but he feels that he is being tricked by the defendant. \n\nEvidently, when his party had agreed to a 3 (three) month postponement of the \n\nexecution which had to be signed by a number of witnesses, one of whom was Zaenal \n\nThayeb. He admitted, this person was the one who was obstructing the execution. The reason \n\nis long before the execution, the family has offered a form of love in the form of giving a \n\nreplacement money of Rp. 50 million / KK. \"Zaenal Thayeb entered on February 19, 2014, \n\nafter that everything changed, the residents did not want to receive compensation money \n\neven though they initially received it, and instead they demonstrated to the Bali DPRD which", "start_char_idx": 27892, "end_char_idx": 31157, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c5e39ffd-03ab-476c-8a8c-8c3911e557a3": {"__data__": {"id_": "c5e39ffd-03ab-476c-8a8c-8c3911e557a3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "893e7195-ca9e-453f-94a8-82c2d03efd86", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "db22cf8be246f639374ab5a57fc91ac016403484d6f39d23f1fddf1aa704889e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9d207489-5fea-4214-874a-aeb878a05705", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cd80fcfbb55f13af99f3f20b1aa584789e4a9800fa20f83f13c311467fde5ee7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nwas coordinated by Zaenal,\" explained Siti Sapurah. Siti Sapurah revealed that the \n\nchronology was not as explained by the defendant's attorney because all new evidence \n\nsubmitted by the defendant's attorney, according to him had been rejected by the Supreme \n\nCourt because it had been fixed in it, even he had a copy. \n\n\u2026\"As a family member I am very disappointed, why? The Supreme Court's ruling was \n\nclear, which submitted their appeal, then was rejected, what it meant, reinforced the decision \n\nof the 2009 District Court and the High Court of 2010, the point being that the ruling was to \n\ndismantle, clean, remove all material in the disputed land and return it to the legitimate \n\nthrough the assistance of the police, \"He explained. Siti, who also works as a lawyer, is also \n\namazed, the article is that for the first time there is a request for execution there must be \n\ndeals. He also questioned the existing laws of Indonesia. \"Everywhere the execution was a \n\nforced effort, I was asked by my human side, now there are people who don't think the feelings \n\nof my family, for decades they were former crew members of my grandfather and father who \n\nwere given a place to build a simple house, may not build permanently \"You can't add new \n\nbuildings, you can't expand houses, that's 1991, at that time there were 13 people with ABK,\" \n\nhe said. \n\nResponding to the lawsuit returned from the defendant who said the wrong object, Siti \n\nreturned to question which object was wrong. \"I am asking back which land he wants to sue, \n\nwhich certificate, instead of the land he is occupying? Why was there an Supreme Court \n\ndecision that said he was defeated, why did he just say it was the wrong object, who was \n\nwrong who, it was clear he was suing certificate No. 69 on behalf of Maisarah, its place in the \n\nBugis village, Serangan, \"he said emotionally. All the errors in the certificate, he added, have \n\nall been corrected because it has been justified by staff in Kesiman District. Therefore with \n\nthe PK proposed by the defendant, his party challenged back. \"I challenge, please submit a \n\nPK, but whatever the reason the PK will not cancel the execution, it must be underlined, the \n\nlaw is clear, the law should not be castrated,\" he concluded. \n\nThe online news seems to be in accordance with the statement of the informant above so it \n\ndeserves to be studied further. In principle, a conflict solution through mediation was carried \n\nout before the case was brought to the legal desk. However, these efforts failed because the \n\nplaintiffs felt they had strong evidence of land ownership. Then, contending is taken by the \n\nplaintiff and the defendant. This pathway does not allow all parties to win their interests. In \n\nother words, there is no win-win solution, because there must always be one party that loses \n\nor wins. It was proven that the plaintiff won, while the citizens lost. The solution to the conflict", "start_char_idx": 31162, "end_char_idx": 34403, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9d207489-5fea-4214-874a-aeb878a05705": {"__data__": {"id_": "9d207489-5fea-4214-874a-aeb878a05705", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c5e39ffd-03ab-476c-8a8c-8c3911e557a3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "faed7e634d30f17847b238a3566f1387b9932af91298cf30d880f68f9c6ca802", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c145425b-2f7c-43e5-a75a-90df344f9b0a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "63bcf6349c5d7384abc27727957673f7b84cdc5bffda977f1cc342fc0d2bcb38", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\nis by giving a Rp. 50 million / KK who had been offered by the plaintiff also failed because the \n\nresidents refused it. The failure after failure of the efforts made to prevent social conflict finally \n\npeaked on January 3, 2017. \n\nThe solution to the conflict can be examined further from the opinions of Pruitt and \n\nRubin (2004: 4\u20136) about five conflict resolution strategies, namely (1) contending \n\n('competing') where one party must lose; (2) yielding ('yielding'), i.e. lowering one's own \n\naspirations and being willing to accept less than they actually want; (3) problem solving \n\n('problem solving'), which is looking for alternatives that satisfy the aspirations of both parties, \n\nincluding by asking for the help of a third party as a mediator or mediator; (4) withdrawing \n\n('withdrawing'), which is choosing to leave the conflict situation, both physically and \n\npsychologically; and (5) inaction ('silent'), i.e. do nothing. Of the five strategies, mediation is \n\na problem solving path that allows for a win-win solution between the two conflicting parties. \n\nYielding can actually occur if residents are willing to accept the money the rope of love offered \n\nby the plaintiff. However, both parties turned out to prefer the contending method so that the \n\nconflict peaked because the winning party (the plaintiff) had full legal authority to carry out \n\nthe execution. \n\nIn fact the stages carried out in the above conflict solution can function as conflict \n\nresolution, when it is able to stop the conflict so that it does not proceed to a more serious \n\nstage. Considering the land dispute conflict has actually lasted quite a long time before it \n\nculminated in the execution phase which was marked by the forced demolition of 36 KK \n\nhouses which resulted in the loss of residential homes. Under these conditions, conflict \n\nresolution is the only way to return the community's situation to a better condition. This is in \n\nline with the opinion of a number of experts on the definition of conflict resolution as an effort \n\nto restore post-conflict conditions. \n\nConflict resolution has different meanings for social conflict experts. Resolution in the \n\nWebster Dictionary (Levine, 1998: 3) is (1) the act of breaking down a problem, (2) solving, \n\n(3) eliminating or eliminating the problem. Meanwhile, Weitzman and Weitzman (in Morton, \n\net.al. (eds.), 2000: 197) define conflict resolution as an act of solving a problem together. \n\nFisher, et al. (2001: 7) also explains that conflict resolution is an attempt to deal with the \n\ncauses of conflict and try to build new relationships that can last between groups who are \n\nhostile. According to Mindes (2006: 24), conflict resolution is the ability to resolve differences \n\nwith others and is an important aspect in social and moral development that requires skills \n\nand judgment to negotiate, compromise, and develop a sense of justice.", "start_char_idx": 34408, "end_char_idx": 37623, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c145425b-2f7c-43e5-a75a-90df344f9b0a": {"__data__": {"id_": "c145425b-2f7c-43e5-a75a-90df344f9b0a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9d207489-5fea-4214-874a-aeb878a05705", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "62f659de89221e7fa084b15b9e9d6464c722b39170c291bfc8b9c234a244035a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c44a4b14-cd4b-4c55-84ed-4edbd0a28f33", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "aaaa1321cb5afdbab03af628cb5a8ccd47d70bd31c38200395ed3db6611bd7a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\nIn the case of land disputes in the Bugis-Serangan village, this problem is latently still \n\npotentially due to the defendant who lost his place of residence, while still inhabiting the area. \n\nIn this condition, the chance for a new conflict between the plaintiff and the defendant is still \n\nquite open because both of them are in the space of close interaction. This certainly requires \n\nefforts to build new patterns of relations between two conflicting parties (Fisher, 2001), \n\nincluding the social and moral development of the losing party (Mindes, 2006). This conflict \n\nresolution certainly requires the intervention of third parties, especially the government which \n\nis indeed obliged to provide social security to its citizens. Based on field observations and \n\ninformation collected during interviews, the following forms of conflict resolution can be \n\nidentified: \n\n(1) humanitarian assistance in the form of providing tents, food assistance, and other social \n\nassistance by the government and some NGOs is a temporary resolution that has been made; \n\n(2) conflict resolution that is still being pursued is the provision of new residential land for \n\nresidents affected by the execution of the land, including: (a) Denpasar City Government \n\noffers a transmigration program, but does not get a positive response; (b) The Provincial \n\nGovernment of Bali had offered to temporarily lend government-owned land in Karangasem \n\nand Jembrana districts, but was refused on the grounds that it was difficult to access jobs \n\nbecause most of them were fishermen; (c) The resolution being pursued at present is lending \n\nland owned by the Customary Village of 6.5 hectares of land provided by PT. BTID (Bali Turtle \n\nIsland Development). This process is rather difficult because the Bugis people who were \n\nexecuted apparently wanted to be given land, not borrowed, so there is still a negotiation \n\nprocess to date. \n\n3. Impact of Conflict \n\nSocial conflicts can actually have both positive and negative impacts, although in \n\ngeneral conflicts are disassociative so there are more negative impacts than positive impacts. \n\nThe positive impact of social conflict is mainly found in the form of strengthening internal \n\ngroup integration (in-group) and social solidarity (Narwoko and Suyanto, 2005: 68). \n\nConversely, the negative effects of social conflict mainly include (a) the destruction of groups; \n\n(b) an individual's (psychological) change; and (c) the destruction of social order (Setiadai \n\nand Kolip, 2011: 378). From this opinion, the impact of land dispute conflicts in Kampung \n\nBugis \u2013 Serangan can be analyzed as follows.", "start_char_idx": 37628, "end_char_idx": 40570, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c44a4b14-cd4b-4c55-84ed-4edbd0a28f33": {"__data__": {"id_": "c44a4b14-cd4b-4c55-84ed-4edbd0a28f33", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c145425b-2f7c-43e5-a75a-90df344f9b0a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "b914767775995a2849b60c9043e9920e76e4467dc4781eabe6d01c3f38f95be2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "90e18e4a-d192-4506-8e74-1d4183ad128d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "12a30e4fa550be4d903e9e0e01d74a862f15853dae5d6c5be25bf291837c9a84", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nPositive Impact: \n\n(1) strengthening the internal integration of the group (ingroup) is mainly marked by the \n\ngrowth of a sense of unity and continuity so that it can increase cooperation to get out of \n\ncommon problems. One thing that is seen is they have returned to sea because each other \n\nmotivates each other to immediately get out of the state of deterioration; \n\n(2) strengthening social solidarity, as indicated by the increasing public awareness of the \n\nsuffering they experience in the form of providing material and moral assistance. This problem \n\nhas spread in the mass media so that sympathy came from various regions, even Vice \n\nPresident Jusuf Kalla and the Regent of Bone had visited them in the refugee camp. \n\nNegative Impact: \n\n(1) the destruction of the Group, especially the occurrence of social rifts with opposing \n\nopponents. In addition, the absence of a place to live makes them unable to integrate fully in \n\ngroup activities that were originally a social unity as a Buginese community bound by a \n\ncommon historical background of common ancestors, cultures and religions, namely Bugis \n\nIslam. This impact will be increasingly felt when some of them choose to leave the area of \n\nSerangan to find a new place to live, either by renting a house, boarding house, or living in a \n\nrelative's house; \n\n(2) personality changes or psychological effects are mainly experienced in the initial phases \n\nof eviction. One of the psychic effects that still seems to be taking place today is manipulating \n\nthe poverty they face in order to attract the sympathy of humanity from outsiders, especially \n\nfrom Bugis or Wajo residents in Makassar. As a form of solidarity among ethnic Bugis and \n\nWajo ethnic groups, they gave a lot of material assistance to the disaster experienced by their \n\nrelatives who were on Serangan Island. Because of material assistance from Bugis and Wajo \n\nresidents who live in Makassar, it has a negative impact, which is the emergence of less \n\nsympathetic behavior from conflict-affected communities where some of them are actually \n\nable to rent houses or can live with other families, suddenly back to the refugee camp when \n\nhelp arrives; \n\n(3) the destruction of the Social Order which is marked by the emergence of various social \n\nproblems, such as health, cleanliness and slum environment. Not infrequently, these refugees \n\nviolate social norms and values that have previously been embedded and apply in society by \n\nmaking poverty experienced as an excuse, as if they must be tolerated if they violate social \n\nnorms and values that apply due to coercive conditions;", "start_char_idx": 40579, "end_char_idx": 43503, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "90e18e4a-d192-4506-8e74-1d4183ad128d": {"__data__": {"id_": "90e18e4a-d192-4506-8e74-1d4183ad128d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c44a4b14-cd4b-4c55-84ed-4edbd0a28f33", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ae9fc6cb235f80df5c07a9ff6404e3ab38d17f61e0e0774485bb355e04c452dc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "31955334-c760-4311-8df0-c20d786ec1f8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1c3ce6f1a878f3e92c8935624a3000a61806becdc1b4d2d09bdb53b8d2991d04", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\n(4) disruption of health conditions and the learning process of children living in refugee camps, \n\ndue to poor sanitation and environmental hygiene and many children who cannot go to school \n\nbecause their parents cannot take their children to school. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\n1). The cause of social conflict in the Bugis community on Serangan Island is due to a dispute \n\nover the claim of ownership of a person against the land that has been occupied by 36 families \n\nof Bugus residents downward. This form of land or agrarian dispute refers to views from the \n\nperspective of Marx and Dahrendorf as a result of changing the way of viewing the meaning \n\nof land from the ethical value of subsistence (patron-client) to material value (commodity). \n\nThis is based on the deepening of the social analysis of disputes which on the surface seems \n\nonly to have a legal dimension, but actually involves an ideological problem in the form of \n\nhistorical material dialectics in a Bugis-Serangan society. The status of land ownership in the \n\nhistory of its materialism is the sociological dimension underlying the land conflict. \n\n2). Conflict resolution to prevent broader conflicts has been carried out, such as mediation \n\nand giving of love money, but this solution failed because both parties preferred legal \n\nchannels that led to the defeat of 36 KK families of Bugis residents who continued with the \n\nexecution of land clearing and demolition. all building houses on land in dispute. The post-\n\nconflict resolution that has been carried out is providing humanitarian assistance, while the \n\nresolution being pursued is the provision of loaned land for the residence (relocation) of the \n\nBugis residents who were defeated in the dispute. \n\n3). Conflict impacts are distinguished by positive and negative impacts. Positive impacts \n\ninclude increasing group internal integration and social solidarity. Negative impacts include \n\nthe destruction of group integration, (psychological) personality changes, and the destruction \n\nof social harmony that has been cultivated for a long time. The negative impacts are more \n\nprominent than the positive impacts, especially about hygiene, health, children's education \n\nand the creation of a slum environment around the conflict victims' camps. \n\n \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT \n\nWe thank the Chancellor and Chair of LPPM Udayana University for funding and \n\nfacilities for this research. To the research team who has worked hard and all informants and \n\nresource persons who assisted this research, so that the research was completed on time, \n\nwe thank you.", "start_char_idx": 43508, "end_char_idx": 46394, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "31955334-c760-4311-8df0-c20d786ec1f8": {"__data__": {"id_": "31955334-c760-4311-8df0-c20d786ec1f8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58544", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "ba31e3a026b728bfa241fc63de7fd5198bc938355864f70621908a89bcd7cc95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "90e18e4a-d192-4506-8e74-1d4183ad128d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "6101ba1e99dc23cdc3aab7c7ad5cea5865a76610c33cc0db6ab50587ac0cb20e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f171ffae-7212-4308-91fc-523416254607", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c3dc7cb904e7078196e23cccc2eb2f344a40764159a5c25b7248e01ac7dfb3e6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 10-25   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\n \nREFERENCE \n \nBappeda Kota Denpasar. 2015. Denpasar Dalam Angka Tahun 2015. 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RajaGrafinfdo Persada.  \n\nSegara, I Nyoman Yoga. 2018. \u201cThe Cultural Treasures of Kampung Bugis in the Customary  \n\nVillage of Serangan,  Denpasar\u201d, in Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious \nLiterature and Heritage, Vol. VII,  No. 1, June 2018, pp. 94\u2014118. Jakarta: Ministry of \nReligious Affairs, The Republic of Indonesia.  \n\nSiddique, Sharon, 2001. \u201cSosial Cohesion and Sosial Conflict in Southeast Asia\u201d dalam \n\u201cSosial Cohesion and Conflict Prevention inAsia: Managing Diversity through. \n\nWoinarsky, Louis. 2002. \u201cPulau Serangan: Dampak Pembangunan pada Lingkungan dan \nMasyarakat\u201d. Laporan Studi Lapangan. Canberra-Australia: Kerjasama antara \nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang dan Australian Consotium for In-Country \nIndonesia Studies.  \n\nSuwitha, I Putu Gede, 2014. Orang Bugis dalam Pemerintahan Raja Badung. Laporan \nPenelitian.", "start_char_idx": 46399, "end_char_idx": 48539, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f171ffae-7212-4308-91fc-523416254607": {"__data__": {"id_": "f171ffae-7212-4308-91fc-523416254607", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "31955334-c760-4311-8df0-c20d786ec1f8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58544", "author": "Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, Ida Bagus Gde", "title": " SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ITS RESOLUTION IN THE BUGIS COMMUNITY IN SERANGAN ISLAND, DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58544.pdf"}, "hash": "f7ed7401d36ed6154505e091e1980d4cde19415f131e449c1cecf8a70d3904fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f9af7ba0-30df-41db-8218-bf96fa9487b2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8f4eb53e9799de31116eb991b19c5288f9ea7f2154a7280f94735ce7acfcf0f9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Bugis 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\n \n\nUNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE \nCLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI \n\n \nDesak Putu Andi Suarmini1, I Nyoman Suarka2, I Nyoman Sukiada3 \n\n \n1Bali Provincial Information and Informatics Communication Office, 2,3Cultural Studies Study \n\nProgram, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University \n \n\nemail : 1desak.andi@gmail.com,2nyoman_suarka@unud.ac.id, 3nyoman_sukiada@unud.ac.id \n \n\nReceived Date : 10-07-2019 \nAccepted Date : 14-08-2019 \nPublished Date : 30-11-2019 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nThis study aims to uncover the form of power relations and the implications of the discourse \non the use of traditional Balinese clothing for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Provincial \nGovernment of Bali. The rules on the use of traditional Balinese clothes for the ASN Bali \nProvincial Government are the implementation of the policy of the Governor of Bali Wayan \nKoster at the beginning of his leadership period and has been set forth in the Governor \nRegulation No. 79 of 2018 concerning the Day of the Use of Customary Bali Clothing. The \nstudy uses the scientific foundation of Cultural Studies with a qualitative approach. Two \ntheories used in this research are the theory of power and knowledge relations and social \npractice theory. These two theories are collaboratively used to uncover the power relation \nforms and the implications of the discourse on the use of traditional Balinese clothes for ASN \nwithin the Provincial Government of Bali. The study revealed the form of power relations in \nthe day-to-day discourse on the use of traditional Balinese clothes for ASN in the Provincial \nGovernment of Bali, namely governmentality in the form of regulations aimed at making the \napplication of Balinese customary dress rules effective. Another form of power relation is the \nhegemonic ideology that is by utilizing the myths of Balinese traditional clothing and symbolic \npower relations using meaningful symbols. The results also revealed that the discourse on \nthe use of Balinese traditional clothing for ASN in the Environment of the Provincial \nGovernment of Bali has implications for the representation of social classes marked by the \ndesire of a group of ASN to differentiate themselves by adding accessories to the traditional \nclothes they wear. Another implication is consumerism among ASNs, where their desire \nengine is motivated to add custom clothing collections to the office beyond what they actually \nneed. The application of traditional Balinese dress rules for the Bali Provincial Government \nASN also gives rise to what is called cultural hybridization. \n \nKeywords: discourse, Balinese traditional clothing, State Civil Apparatus \n \n \nINTRODUCTION \n\nBali is one of the regions in Indonesia which is known to have a diversity of traditions \n\nand cultures. One of the cultural products that characterizes and identifies the Balinese", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3274, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f9af7ba0-30df-41db-8218-bf96fa9487b2": {"__data__": {"id_": "f9af7ba0-30df-41db-8218-bf96fa9487b2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f171ffae-7212-4308-91fc-523416254607", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "a1f745fb36ef972c9847ce3ca43636afe49caf9b8269d8dc2efa47a53b657fec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0032510b-2d35-4227-9280-657a57e5766a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a2b4945e61bc47839649becb8137f1cd9850008e122874f74eb64f82a60bf9b7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\npeople is traditional clothing. In Balinese life, traditional dress is not only used for customary \n\ninterests, but also worn in the procession of Hindu worship. Given the importance of the \n\nmeaning of traditional dress for the Balinese, its use is governed by the rules and norms that \n\napply. \n\nIn its development, the era of globalization brought extraordinary influence for Bali as a \n\ntourism area. The rapid global development has influenced various aspects of people's lives. \n\nIf this is examined from the point of view of Ritzer and Goodman (2005), it can be said that \n\nglobalization has changed the direction of imperialism, ie from occupying the area physically \n\nchanging towards a new style of imperialism, namely economic imperialism and cultural \n\nimperialism. \n\nThe most visible impact of economic imperialism and cultural imperialism is the full \n\nadoption of American culture by society, which Stager (in Atmadja, 2001: 90) is known as \n\nAmericanization. Spreading the symptoms of Americanization among the eastern people, \n\nincluding the Bali Region, the scope turned out to be quite broad, which includes the issue of \n\nfood, drinks, cars and lifestyle and the use of clothing is no exception. The use of traditional \n\nBalinese clothing was not immune from the effects of globalization. The global era marked by \n\nthe dynamic development of the fashion world has an impact on how to dress customarily in \n\nBali, especially young people who are easily carried by the current of civilization. With the \n\nreason to follow fashion, the use of traditional clothing is no longer following the concept of \n\ntraditional Balinese dress. \n\nI Gusti Ngurah Agung Aryawan from the Denpasar Hindu Dharma Institute in the \n\nnational seminar on religion and culture (Semaya II: 2017) conveyed a phenomenon of \n\nBalinese traditional clothing worn when attending worship in temples. Teenagers, regardless \n\nof their level or social stratification, are competing to display their appearance with a \n\nfashionable, trendy, fashionable bandage by emphasizing more beauty, exhibiting \n\nmaterialistic and luxury elements. More than that, they also did not hesitate to show the \n\nelement of sensuality and put aside the ethics that actually became the substance of sradha \n\nand devotional service. \n\nThe shift in the procedures for the use of traditional Balinese clothing has received \n\nattention \n\nBali Governor Wayan Koster by issuing Governor Regulation No. 79 of 2018 concerning the \n\nDay of Use of traditional Balinese clothing. Bali Governor Wayan Koster in his interview with \n\nliputan6.com said that this regulation was aimed at strengthening Balinese customs, religion,", "start_char_idx": 3279, "end_char_idx": 6253, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0032510b-2d35-4227-9280-657a57e5766a": {"__data__": {"id_": "0032510b-2d35-4227-9280-657a57e5766a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f9af7ba0-30df-41db-8218-bf96fa9487b2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "517a56cfc1e952e9821bf07389cb37fa4635b5b5f4f33a31e316742cee9da033", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "83372e10-bd39-4670-b12d-b3fea758c770", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "00b46abd77cb7285323a08f24e3c7eef858cf0bf0ae05c39724e546a7804cb14", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nart, traditions and culture as the vision carried out in his reign was Nangun Sat Kerthi Loka \n\nBali (liputan6.com, 2 October 2018). The regulation on Bali Traditional Dressing Day was \n\nofficially enacted on October 11, 2018. The enactment of Pergub 79 of 2018 began with the \n\nsimultaneous declaration which was centered at Penataran Pura Agung Besakih, \n\nKarangasem Regency. On the same day, simultaneous declaration was also carried out by \n\nthe Regency / City Government up to the Village / Kelurahan Office. As from the day of its \n\npromulgation, the regulations regarding the day of the use of traditional Balinese clothing also \n\napply to the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) who serve in the environment of the Bali Provincial \n\nGovernment. Since October 11, 2018, every Thursday, Purnama, Tilem and the anniversary \n\nof the Province of Bali, ASN Bali Provincial Government uses traditional Balinese clothing to \n\nthe office. \n\nObserving the above description, the application of Pergub No. 79 of 2018 for ASN in \n\nthe Provincial Government of Bali is interesting to study from the perspective of Cultural \n\nStudies. This discourse is interesting to study because it can be said to be misplaced. The \n\nterm misplaced was conveyed by Professor of the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Gadjah Mada \n\nUniversity Prof. Dr. Irwan Abdullah when giving a public lecture for Udayana University \n\nCultural Studies Students, May 2, 2019. The misplaced concept according to Irwan Abdulah \n\nrefers to the placement of goods or the use of something that is not in accordance with the \n\nrules of use, for example the placement of toilet paper on the dining table. Referring to the \n\nexplanation, the use of traditional Balinese clothing to the office can be said to be misplaced. \n\nClothing that is usually used for traditional events, in this rule must be subject to ASN on \n\ncertain days. This article aims to reveal the form of power relations and the implications of \n\nthe Bali Traditional Clothing Use Discourse for ASN in the Provincial Government of Bali. To \n\nelaborate, the researcher formulated two research questions namely: (a) what is the form of \n\npower relations in the discourse on the use of traditional Balinese attire for ASN in the \n\nProvincial Government of Bali? (b) what are the implications of the discourse on the use of \n\nBalinese traditional clothing for ASN in the Provincial Government of Bali? \n\n \n\nCONCEPT AND THEORY \n\nIn this study there are two concepts that are operationalized, namely power relations \n\nand discourse. The power relation is a concept that was coined by Michael Foucault, a French \n\nphilosopher. In Foucault's view, power is one dimension of relations. Where there is a \n\nrelationship, there is power (Sutrisno, 2005: 146). Power, according to Foucault, is", "start_char_idx": 6258, "end_char_idx": 9348, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "83372e10-bd39-4670-b12d-b3fea758c770": {"__data__": {"id_": "83372e10-bd39-4670-b12d-b3fea758c770", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0032510b-2d35-4227-9280-657a57e5766a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "e392f817d5f42db659eda8cbe1f4479cd495065dcd81589265861cb04ae8535d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8157d4db-5e6b-4869-af84-4e1951a5859f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5995fb4fe1de1d6f982d196239cd718a579a36baab644d6dbfbab27a8a0750c0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\neverywhere. The will for truth is the same as the will to power. The definition of power \n\naccording to Foucault is completely different from the understanding understood by most \n\npeople. In general, power is understood and discussed as a power or influence possessed \n\nby a person or institution to impose his will on other parties. Foucault has a different \n\nperspective on how to understand power. The way Foucault understands power is very \n\noriginal (Martono, 2006: 81). Associated with this study, the application of Balinese traditional \n\ndress rules for ASN in the Provincial Government of Bali is also inseparable from the practice \n\nof power relations. Through a number of tactics, maneuvers and strategies that are played \n\nby agents in power relations, ASN is invited to be obedient and useful to knowledge about \n\nthe importance of efforts to restore the custom of Balinese dress. \n\nThe concept of discourse intended in this study is an action. Discourse is understood \n\nas something that is expressed consciously, controlled, not something that is out of control \n\nor expressed outside of consciousness (Eriyanto: 2001). Discourse is not understood as a \n\nseries of words or propositions in a text, but something that produces something else (an \n\nidea, concept or effect). Discourse can be detected because it is systematically an idea, \n\nopinion, concept, and outlook on life formed in a particular context so that it affects the way \n\nof thinking or acting. \n\nFoucault in Piliang (2004: 223) said that in every discourse there are interrelated \n\nrelations between discourse expressions, knowledge (knowledge) that underlies it, and power \n\nrelations that operate behind it. Every discourse is integrated with the power that operates \n\nbehind it and cannot be separated from the power relations hidden behind it, which are the \n\nproduct of the practice of power. According to Foucault, discourse or thought and thought \n\nabout people, knowledge and abstract systems of thought which according to him all are \n\ninseparable from power relations (Aur, 2005). All discourse that has a pretense of objectivity \n\nin science is the discourse of someone who has power (Haryatmoko, 2016: 19). \n\nBased on the description above, the discourse referred to in this study is the rules on \n\nthe use of traditional Balinese clothing that has been applied to ASN in the Provincial \n\nGovernment of Bali. The day's discourse on the use of Balinese clothing is integrated with \n\nthe power that operates behind it and cannot be separated from the power relations hidden \n\nbehind it, which are the product of the practice of power. \n\nTo answer the two problem formulations in this study, the author uses two theoretical \n\nfoundations, namely the theory of power relations and knowledge and social practice theory. \n\nTheories of power and knowledge relations were coined by Michel Foucault. In Foucault's", "start_char_idx": 9353, "end_char_idx": 12549, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8157d4db-5e6b-4869-af84-4e1951a5859f": {"__data__": {"id_": "8157d4db-5e6b-4869-af84-4e1951a5859f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "83372e10-bd39-4670-b12d-b3fea758c770", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "4b47e9247694e831c600c9f9ceb54b04ef3e3a0367428070fc77fd43f336dd0e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "848baf77-933f-41de-94be-ff4135c1c74b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "537c4789b69218e40b045a806956ebaa1023b8e56b422e5136e243616966dd95", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\nview, knowledge and power have a reciprocal relationship. Implementation of power that will \n\ncontinuously create knowledge entities, and vice versa the administration of knowledge will \n\ncause the effect of power (Eriyanto, 2003: 65). Knowledge power theory is applied to reveal \n\nthe power relations practice in the discourse on the use of traditional Balinese attire for the \n\nBali Provincial Government ASN. This theory is useful for analyzing the power of science \n\nthrough ideological discourse that seeks to be built and perpetuated as a concept that \n\nintegrates with culture to gain recognition / legality. \n\nAnother theory is the theory of social practice created by Pierre Bourdieu. In Bourdieu's \n\nview, social practice is the dialectical dynamics between social actors and all who are \n\nattached to him formed by habitus with objects outside it (arena). The concept of habitus, \n\ncapital and the realm is used to formulate the theory into a concept (habitus x capital) + \n\ndomain = practice (Bourdieu, 1984: 10, in Harker et al, 2005: xii). Habitus and the realm are \n\na key and important set of concepts supported by a number of other ideas such as symbolic \n\npower, strategy, power struggles, economy and culture. Habitus is a cognitive structure that \n\nmediates between individuals and social reality, in the sense that individuals use the concept \n\nof habitus in dealing with social reality (Harker et al, 2005: xviii). The concept of habitus is \n\nvery clear that it is not a natural inborn nature that complements individual human beings, \n\nboth psychologically and biologically. Habitus is a result of learning through nurturing, \n\nexperience and education in a subtle way without realizing it as if it is natural. \n\nThis practical theory is relevant to be used to examine the implications of power \n\nrelations in the day-to-day discourse on the use of traditional Balinese attire for the Bali \n\nProvincial Government ASN. Changes that occur in the arena of the use of traditional \n\nBalinese dress can not be separated from the role of individuals (habitus) bearers of the policy \n\nrelated to the realm of ties (social space) and capital that can lead to the meaning of the \n\nimpact of power relations in implementing regulations on the use of traditional Balinese dress. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThis study was designed as a qualitative study with a postmodernism approach. The \n\nlocation of this research is in the Provincial Government of Bali. Types of qualitative data \n\nwere collected from primary and secondary data sources through observation, in-depth \n\ninterviews, and document studies. Informants are determined by selection based on criteria, \n\nnamely the actors directly involved in the theme under study. The researcher became the \n\nmain instrument in this study which was assisted by supporting instruments, such as interview", "start_char_idx": 12554, "end_char_idx": 15709, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "848baf77-933f-41de-94be-ff4135c1c74b": {"__data__": {"id_": "848baf77-933f-41de-94be-ff4135c1c74b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8157d4db-5e6b-4869-af84-4e1951a5859f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "fb0b3a76df449f3aea6da47362ba6e229bb866a6a3e77097b13c6b7b36624a49", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a73429ef-d508-4794-86b1-38d84361b2ee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5049db57bf963e609c80554f8c555becf6ccb57eb8666febf0d43230c196cea8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\nguidelines and data recording devices, both digital cameras and voice recorder applications \n\non cell phones, and laptops for data storage. Data were analyzed through data reduction, \n\ndata presentation and verification phases. Interpretation of data in depth and presented \n\ndescriptively-narrative. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nThe rules for using Balinese traditional clothing to work on certain days as stipulated in \n\nPergub No. 79 of 2018 is the first program launched by Wayan Koster who was appointed \n\nGovernor of Bali by Indonesian President Joko Widodo at the State Palace, 5 September \n\n2018. Balinese traditional clothing as stipulated in the Governor Regulation must be imposed \n\non government institutions, private institutions and educational institutions during working \n\nhours every Thursday, Purnama, Tilem, and Provincial Anniversary on August 14. The \n\nenvironment of government institutions and private institutions as referred to in this rule is the \n\nentire space used for work activities. Regulations on the use of traditional Balinese clothing \n\nto the workplace are massively applied among the Balinese Provincial ASNs. The application \n\nof Pergub Number 79 Year 2018 for the Bali Provincial Government ASN is full of the practice \n\nof power relations. The forms of power relations are Govenmentality, Hegemonic Ideology \n\nand Symbolic Power Relations. \n\nThe concept of govenmentality was raised in Foucault's work, referring to a form of \n\nregulation that reaches social order in a population to be the subject of bureaucratic regimes \n\nand types of discipline (Barker, 2014: 112). Associated with this study, the relationship \n\nbetween the power of governmentality is reflected in a number of regulations intended to \n\ndiscipline ASN so that they are accustomed to wearing traditional clothing to the office on \n\nspecified days. The application of the rules of the use of traditional Balinese clothing for the \n\nASN Bali Provincial Government was followed by the issuance of a number of regulations \n\nwhich are derived from Pergub Number 79 Year 2018. The Regional Secretary of the Bali \n\nProvince Dewa Made Indra as the highest leader in the civil service structure within the \n\nProvincial Government of Bali issued Circular Letter Number 2666 Year 2018 About the Use \n\nof Balinese Traditional Clothing in the Provincial Government of Bali. The circular dated 29 \n\nOctober 2018 was aimed at disciplining and giving understanding to ASN about the ethics of \n\nusing Balinese traditional clothes on the day specified in Pergub 79 of 2018. Next on January \n\n17, 2019, Secretary of the Province of Bali Dewa Made Indra re-issued Circular No. 528 Year \n\n2019 Regarding the Ethics of the Use of Balinese Traditional Clothing in the Environment of", "start_char_idx": 15714, "end_char_idx": 18770, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a73429ef-d508-4794-86b1-38d84361b2ee": {"__data__": {"id_": "a73429ef-d508-4794-86b1-38d84361b2ee", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "848baf77-933f-41de-94be-ff4135c1c74b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "5c77be71a544183aa03ba8c74fb147b33f7aacf1e9e5f52945e149e912e1c9ec", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e2f37c01-a196-44b0-b08a-2b8989195b9e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0ca66c841850a88ab6aacb3af55cdcce3271e03f18e20494e53e3d34be3fef1b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\nthe Provincial Government of Bali. The circular addressed to the Head of Regional \n\nApparatuses in the Provincial Government of Bali more specifically regulates custom clothing \n\nmodels and types of fabric that ASN must use when going to the office. \n\nReferring to the power relations of governmentality, a number of regulations which were \n\nintensely issued in the early days of the implementation of the Balinese traditional dress are \n\na process of internalisation of power in the social body, in this case the ASN group, as well \n\nas a model of disciplinary power that internalizes power within an individual body. Regulations \n\nin the social order or in Foucault's terms are called 'policing', in which a population is subject \n\nto bureaucratic regimes and types of discipline. \n\nThe second form of relations is hegemonic ideology. Hegemony is related to ideology \n\nthat has coverage beyond all social, cultural, economic fields in a society (Althusser 2010: \n\n51). Systematically the ideology of hegemony forces individuals and society with certain \n\nthoughts, certain biases, certain preference systems, where power tends to do hegemony of \n\nmeaning towards social reality. Individuals and communities are accommodated by their \n\nvalues and ideas with a perspective that has been patterned, structured in terms of the \n\nmeaning created and desired by power. \n\nAccording to Koenta Wibisono (1989), if examined carefully there are several elements of \n\nideology, namely: belief, loyalty and myth. The discourse on the use of traditional Balinese \n\nclothing that is applied to ASN in the Bali Provincial Government is strongly influenced by \n\nmyth in its implementation. This myth, among others, is implied in the Governor Regulation \n\n79 of 2018 which states that Balinese traditional clothing is Balinese traditional clothing \n\ncharacterized by Balinese customs used as a form of cultural protection that reflects the \n\nnature of politeness, shade, peace and pride for the wearer. The description implies, when \n\nwearing traditional Balinese clothing, the wearer will feel peaceful and shady. This was \n\nconfirmed by the statement of I Nyoman Parta, a senior PDIP politician who participated in \n\ngiving birth to the issuance of the 79th Governor of 2018. He said that the traditional Balinese \n\nattire was elegant and brought a calm atmosphere to anyone who wore it. In addition, \n\nBalinese traditional clothing is also metaksu so that it will arouse pride for those who use it. \n\nBalinese traditional clothes have many variants so that any fabric can be used, suitable and \n\nsuitable (interview, 16 August 2019). \n\nThe myths contained in every part of Balinese traditional clothing are also used to \n\nconvince ASN. The Provincial Government of Bali specifically invited practitioners of Balinese \n\ncosmetology and fashion Dr. Anak Agung Ayu Ketut Agung to provide understanding to the", "start_char_idx": 18775, "end_char_idx": 21965, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e2f37c01-a196-44b0-b08a-2b8989195b9e": {"__data__": {"id_": "e2f37c01-a196-44b0-b08a-2b8989195b9e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a73429ef-d508-4794-86b1-38d84361b2ee", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "93853f8276e800d0a8d0e94f3eb75912ab794e2525c9f972f86f8ed434ba8031", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0149114f-b504-4ac6-b8f0-fef7a923d850", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7b02ccbf9f84ac7c4e34dde0de4958bd56bb48fb6d468ff13fda68c863e269d0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\nASN in the environment of the Bali Provincial Government about the procedures for \n\ncustomary dress and the meaning contained therein. In his presentation, Agung chose \n\nspecific parts of Balinese traditional clothing that could be linked to ASN tasks. To the ASNs \n\nwho attended the socialization activities, Agung stressed that for ASN men, folds of cloth / \n\nkamen (wastra) were circular from left to right because men were the dharma holders. That \n\nis, an ASN must always hold on to the dharma or good in carrying out the task. Traditional \n\ndress for men is also equipped with a handkerchief (kampuh) which means self-control. That \n\nis, ASN should be able to control itself so that it is far from commendable actions such as \n\ncorruption. Next udeng or destar which has the meaning of cricket manah (focusing the mind) \n\nwhich is the source of the five senses. In this case, ASN must be able to control not to do \n\nnegative things that are against the law (exposure before ASN, January 29, 2019). \n\nThe symbolic meaning of Balinese traditional clothing is also used by the Governor of Bali \n\nWayan Koster to discipline ASN. He hoped, by wearing traditional Balinese attire while \n\nworking, ASN could be more traditional. That is the meaning that must be absorbed by ASN \n\nwhen its body is wrapped in Balinese traditional clothes (speech, 1 April 2019). The use of \n\nmyth has proven to be able to hegemony the ASN Provincial Government in the use of \n\ntraditional Balinese clothing. Ni Ketut Rai Minarni (42 years) stated that the meaning \n\ncontained in the parts of Balinese traditional clothing is indeed very relevant to be applied in \n\ncarrying out his duties as ASN. As an ASN, he feels reminded to always be guided by dharma \n\n(truth), self-control and focus on obligations as an ASN. According to him, the rules on the \n\nuse of Balinese traditional clothing are very positive because when wearing traditional \n\nclothes, he remembers the meanings of the clothes worn (interview, 2 June 2019). \n\nThe agents in the power relations also use symbolic capital to make the Balinese \n\ngovernmental ASN circles obedient and useful to the rules of traditional Balinese dress. In \n\nBourdieu's view, symbolic capital is the basis of dominance and legitimacy. Symbolic capital \n\nis capital that can be exchanged and carry positions that can generate power, that is, power \n\nto represent a legitimate social world or symbolic power. Through the imaging process, the \n\nsymbol system obtains its abstract power in order to change meaning, herd perspective, and \n\ninfluence the practice of a person or group. Symbols have the power to shape, preserve and \n\nchange reality (Bourdieu, 1992: 219-225). Symbolic capital also plays a role in establishing \n\npower relations in the system and structure of society. The power of this symbol contains \n\nmagical energy that can make people believe, acknowledge, and submit to the truth created \n\nby the symbol system. The power of symbols is able to direct anyone who recognizes,", "start_char_idx": 21970, "end_char_idx": 25283, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0149114f-b504-4ac6-b8f0-fef7a923d850": {"__data__": {"id_": "0149114f-b504-4ac6-b8f0-fef7a923d850", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e2f37c01-a196-44b0-b08a-2b8989195b9e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "c1bbbff26e2de70d76a58c2b3e5f71dccf4e7b59555a229b8dea99a12697edb2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "957705ee-014f-421e-8164-eda96180e7e7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8156c6876d4bce6fa471fcf9c703a0bc5862c57e6e4ac52d4cf196b0190c2f5a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\npreserves or changes perceptions to the behavior of a person, group when in contact with \n\nreality (Barker, 2014: 115-116). \n\nThe discourse on the use of traditional Balinese clothing for ASN in the environment of \n\nBali Provincial Government is inseparable from the use of symbols that are full of meaning. \n\nThe use of symbols is reflected in the choice of location and the time of the inauguration of \n\nthe Bali Traditional Clothing Day. The Inauguration Day for the Use of Balinese Traditional \n\nClothing was held on Thursday, October 11, 2018 at Pura Agung Besakih. Pura Agung \n\nBesakih is the biggest temple that is supported by all Hindus in Bali. This temple is located in \n\nRendang District, Karangasem Regency. For Balinese Hindus, Pura Besakih is the huluning \n\nof the Balinese universe or the 'Island of Bali'. As the huluning of the Balinese universe, \n\nBesakih Temple 'by itself' is considered a very sacred place and also very sacred. The \n\nposition of Besakih Temple as one of the most important shrines in Bali is indeed closely \n\nrelated to the attitudes and behavior of the rulers in Bali to place the Besakih Temple in the \n\nconstellation of their political ideology (Sancaya, 2011). \n\nThe decision to choose Besakih Temple as the location for the inauguration of the Bali \n\nTraditional Dress Day is a symbolic power relation. The choice of locations that were full of \n\nmeaning was a tactic and strategy to attract the sympathy of the community towards the \n\nimplementation of Pergub Number 79 of 2018. Related to the location of the inauguration of \n\nthe Bali Traditional Dress Use Day, the Governor of Bali Wayan Koster asked for \n\nconsideration of Ida Shri Bhagawan Putra Natha Nawa Wangsa Pemayun (58 years). Ida \n\nBhagawan said, Besakih Temple was chosen because of its position as a Mother Temple or \n\nMother Tample which was supported by all Hindus in Bali. Beside that, Besakih Temple is \n\nalso an upstream which symbolizes purusa (male) and predhana (female), where Balinese \n\ntraditional clothing is worn by men and women. With the promulgation of the Besakih Temple, \n\nthis regulation is expected to get the blessing of its application so that it can get support from \n\nall components of the Balinese community (interview, 26 August 2019). \n\nIn addition to site selection and use of good days, the involvement of leaders from religious \n\nand customary institutions in the inauguration activities also reflects the use of symbolic \n\npower relations. To note, the inauguration of the Day of the Use of Balinese Traditional \n\nClothing which was centered at the Agung Besakih Temple on October 11, 2011 was led by \n\nDeputy Governor of Bali Tjokorda Oka Artha Ardhana Sukawati. The inauguration of the Bali \n\nTraditional Dress Day in Besakih Temple was attended by the Chairperson of Bali PHDI, \n\nChairperson of the Main Assembly of Pakraman Village, Jero Suwena Putus Upadesa, Chair", "start_char_idx": 25288, "end_char_idx": 28496, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "957705ee-014f-421e-8164-eda96180e7e7": {"__data__": {"id_": "957705ee-014f-421e-8164-eda96180e7e7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0149114f-b504-4ac6-b8f0-fef7a923d850", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "23a169066a56d54c05ef6a36d831919440e0d7e773ea28279cc050f83dcd125a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "097947c4-0af7-4d14-adb8-1b55a8f7b068", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9351af09261f810574c3ec61e271155313706b2b0c64e3776e9b32d14293d4fe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n35 \n \n\nof the Bali DPRD I Nyoman Adi Wiryatama, Chairperson of Commission IV of Bali DPRD I \n\nNyoman Parta, Regional Secretary Dewa Made Indra and head of the Regional Apparatus \n\nOrganization (OPD) in the Provincial Government of Bali and representatives of community \n\nleaders. \n\nThe inauguration activity began with the performance of two sacred dances namely \n\nRejang Renteng Dance and Kincang Kincung Baris Dance. After that, Deputy Governor Cok \n\nAce symbolically put the destar on Bendesa Adat Besakih Jero Mangku Widiarta and two \n\ncommunity leaders namely Prof. Made Surada and Prof. I Nengah Duija. The use of destar \n\nto religious leaders and community leaders marks the start of the implementation of the rules \n\nfor the Use of Bali Traditional Clothing Day on Thursday, Purnama, Tilem and the Anniversary \n\nof the Province of Bali on August 14 each year. The opening ceremony continued with a joint \n\nprayer led by Sulinggih. The whole series of inauguration activities ended with the \n\nperformance of the Rejang Giri Kusuma Dance. The use of religious symbols in the \n\ninauguration of the Bali Traditional Clothing Day is intended to make this rule more \n\nmeaningful. Thus, this regulation is expected to be widely accepted. \n\nThe Balinese traditional dress code for ASN in the Bali Provincial Government in its \n\napplication raises what Bourdieu calls distinction. Bourdieu called the distinction a power \n\nstrategy. The pattern of dominant class behavior usually distinguishes itself from the petty \n\nbourgeois class and the popular class. One way to distinguish yourself from the other two \n\nclasses is through three structures of consumption, namely food, culture and appearance \n\n(Haryatmoko, 2016: 47). Bourdieu gave an example, when schools apply the rules of uniform \n\nclothing, students who come from upper social classes state the difference through the brand \n\nof shoes, watches, cellphones, vehicles and accessories used. Tastes reveal a system of \n\nrepresentation that is peculiar to certain social groups, their position in society and the desire \n\nto place themselves in the ladder of power (Bourdieu, 1979). \n\nRepresentation of social class also occurs among the ASN of the Provincial \n\nGovernment of Bali in line with the enactment of the rules of traditional Balinese dress. It can \n\nbe seen from the selection of clothing and accessories worn by ASN when wearing custom \n\nclothing. The representation of social class is more visible in women's ASN groups. This is \n\nbecause women generally want to look beautiful and attractive and are often positioned as \n\nobjects of male libido (Atdmaja, 2010: 245). The representation of social class appears to be \n\nan effort to distinguish themselves from others when wearing Balinese traditional clothing. \n\nFor superiors namely kebaya, ASN women from upper social classes differentiate themselves", "start_char_idx": 28501, "end_char_idx": 31662, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "097947c4-0af7-4d14-adb8-1b55a8f7b068": {"__data__": {"id_": "097947c4-0af7-4d14-adb8-1b55a8f7b068", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "957705ee-014f-421e-8164-eda96180e7e7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "babcc192755d986cfef5651c80cb5d770c968b165d3260420344ca955d1a5cf8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ee5c3cd8-c6ff-401b-860d-307ec403b264", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c967d0ca8a35d47be00766dcbeab90a17b7879e5cbd9d959a9137a8ca4fc12d2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n36 \n \n\nwith additional sequins or mote on the kebaya they wear when going to the office. In addition, \n\nthey also distinguish themselves with additional accessories such as larger earrings and \n\nbrooches. The representation of social class was revealed in the statement of Ni Komang \n\nTresia Mila Dewi (30 years) who said that she lacked confidence because she was required \n\nto use kebaya from plain cloth and seemed uniform with other female ASNs. Therefore, he \n\nmodified the kebaya with additional sequins or mote. Thus, kebaya made from plain cloth will \n\nlook more luxurious and different from the others (interview 12 June 2019). For the installation \n\nof sequins or mote, additional costs range from Rp. 80,000 to Rp. 100,000, depending on the \n\npattern and the number of sequins or pieces that are installed. In addition to the addition of \n\nvariations on the kebaya worn, class representation is also shown by the use of jewelry in the \n\nform of bross and subeng. \n\nIn Bourdieu's view, social class representation is closely related to consumerism. All \n\nsocial classes are exposed to the plague of consumerism. Consumerism is an act of mindset \n\nand the act of someone buying goods not because they need the item, but because the act \n\nof buying itself gives satisfaction. In other words, someone who is infected by consumerism \n\nalways feels that shopping because he needs the item, even at the next moment of reflection, \n\nthat the person does not need the item. In this postmodern era, the object of consumption is \n\nable to determine the prestige, status and social symbols of the wearer. Thus it was stated \n\nby Piliang (2011: 145) that the culture of consumerism is a culture of consumption carried out \n\nby society today not only based on use value in order to meet basic human needs, but \n\nconsumption is related to symbolic elements to mark certain social classes, statuses or \n\nsymbols. \n\nConsumerism among the Bali Provincial Government ASN after the enactment of the \n\nday rules for the use of traditional Balinese clothing is shown by the ownership of clothing \n\ntypes such as kebaya, kamen, udeng and kampuh that exceeds the amount they need. The \n\nshrewdness of custom clothing manufacturers in issuing new products that adjust to the dress \n\ncode that applies to ASN has made the desire to shop for clothing among ASN more \n\nencouraged. If before the application of this rule, they only buy the completeness of traditional \n\nBalinese clothing before the feast or religious ceremony, now they can shop for clothes at \n\nany time. Ni Made Sri Dewi (43 years) said, in a month, the use of traditional clothing can be \n\nmore than six times. There is a feeling of discomfort when using kebaya or kamen, that's all. \n\nTherefore, since this regulation was enacted, he has often bought kebaya and kamen so that \n\nthe amount owned is quite a lot. Moreover, there are just the colors of cloth or the latest", "start_char_idx": 31667, "end_char_idx": 34880, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ee5c3cd8-c6ff-401b-860d-307ec403b264": {"__data__": {"id_": "ee5c3cd8-c6ff-401b-860d-307ec403b264", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "097947c4-0af7-4d14-adb8-1b55a8f7b068", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "c73be0e333ab56990c8345e969959d745a1311a610c84b6ec9b89b01ecdab22e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5bdaeac5-7f39-48d0-b0cd-0c38bcf1f5d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6e73d287c809b24079db58206756cfa0acd1f26ec42fac9b46e981e83fccfcb5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n37 \n \n\nmodels that have sprung up. To get around expenses, Sri Dewi often installments on fashion \n\nsellers who have become her customers (interview, July 16, 2019). \n\nConsumptive behavior in buying custom clothing is also shown by male ASNs with the \n\naim of increasing their dashing appearance. This was revealed in the statement of I Made \n\nSudarma (39 years). According to him, the office must look neat and convincing. Therefore, \n\nhe also added to the collection of traditional clothing such as shirts, kampuh, udeng and \n\nkamen. Because according to him the customary attire worn at the office is slightly different \n\nfrom those used for prayer. The types and motifs of the shirts, as well as the various variations \n\nof the udeng also encourage him to continue to add to his clothing collection (interview, 18 \n\nJuly 2019). \n\nAnother implication of the rules on the use of traditional Balinese clothing for ASN to \n\nthe workplace is cultural hybridization. Culture hybridization is a process that occurs after a \n\nmixture of two different cultures. Hybridization is a process of parasitism in a system in which \n\nan entity is made a living place by other entities, which can destroy the identity and diversity \n\nof both, even though it can establish new identities and differences (Piliang, 2008: 368). \n\nIf related to this study, the discourse on the use of traditional Balinese clothes for ASN \n\nin the environment of the Bali Provincial Government has implications for cultural \n\nhybridization. Cultural hybridization is evident in the use of Balinese traditional clothing by \n\nASN Muslim women who wear hijab on a daily basis. Jilbab is an element of Muslim clothing \n\nthat serves as a cover of the head to the chest. When the day of the use of traditional Balinese \n\nclothing, they still wear the hijab because it is a religious obligation. They still choose to wear \n\ntraditional Balinese attire, even though there is a circular that tolerates the use of clothing \n\nfrom the area of origin. They chose to take part in using traditional Balinese attire as a form \n\nof respect and to be easy to adapt in the office environment. Like the statement made by \n\nYayuk Widiya (45 years) who stated that he must respect Balinese culture because he \n\ncurrently served in Bali. He also mentions the term where the earth is trampled there the sky \n\nis held. In its use, he and some of his colleagues had a lot to learn from friends from Bali. \n\nFortunately, ready-made clothing such as kebaya and kamen are easily obtained in clothing \n\nstores (interview, 1 April 2019). \n\nPaying close attention to Yayuk's statement that says \"where the earth is trampled there \n\nthe sky is held up\", the hybridization it does is a type of transculturation. He who includes a \n\nminority among ASNs who are predominantly Hindu chose to adapt to the use and habits of \n\nsuperiors, who consider it a better choice for the recipient.", "start_char_idx": 34885, "end_char_idx": 38091, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5bdaeac5-7f39-48d0-b0cd-0c38bcf1f5d2": {"__data__": {"id_": "5bdaeac5-7f39-48d0-b0cd-0c38bcf1f5d2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ee5c3cd8-c6ff-401b-860d-307ec403b264", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "dc022dcabd6ab70f271e7f1630059d4a1fa13218f2b037c546c16b0253fd5cc9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e32e1dcf-5fc5-498c-9a53-b262a598d986", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "da1a9dccbd503e01ce106a3759950bec73e388d6d403e92db6ca1450d61b2620", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n38 \n \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nThe discourse on the use of traditional Balinese attire for the Bali Provincial Government \n\nASN in its application is strongly influenced by the power relations that are played by the \n\nagents. Thus, the adherence shown by ASN in the Provincial Government of Bali to the \n\ndiscourse on the use of traditional Balinese clothing does not occur naturally. \n\nEven though the Governor of Bali was involved in the production and distribution of that \n\ntruth, but the power hidden in the discourse did not belong to the Governor of Bali. That power \n\nhas been actualized in the disposition, maneuvering, tactics, techniques, and strategies to \n\nconvey or distribute knowledge that is considered as truth, that the traditional Balinese attire \n\nmust be preserved because it is a Balinese human identity and all parties, including the Bali \n\nProvincial Government ASN, so they must obey and useful in that truth. \n\nThe use of Balinese traditional clothing has a number of implications that should be \n\ncriticized, namely the emergence of social class representation and consumerism among the \n\nASN of the Provincial Government of Bali. This needs attention because the main task of \n\nASN is to provide services to the community. \n\n \n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nAlthusser, Luois. 2010. Tentang Ideologi, Marxisme Strukturalis, Psikoanalisis, Cultural \nStudies. Yogyakarta : Jalasutra. \n\nAtmadja, Nengah Bawa. 2001. Reformasi ke Arah Kemajuan yang Sempurna dan Holistik \nGagasan Surya Kanta tentang Bali di Masa Depan. Surabaya : Paramita. \n\nAtdmaja, Nengah Bawa. 2010. Komodifikasi Tubuh Perempuan : Joged \u201cNgebor\u201d Bali. \nDenpasar : Pustaka Larasan. \n\nAur, Alexander,2005. \u201dPascastrukturalisme Michel Foucult dan gerbang menuju dialog \nantarperadaban\u201d, dalam Teori-Teori Kebudayaan, Mudji Sutrisno & Hendar Putranto \n(ed), hal. 145-163. \n\nBarker, Chris. 2014. Kamus Kajian Budaya. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. \n\nBourdieu, Pierre. 1994. \u201cStucture, Habitus, Power : Basic for a Theory of Symbolic Power\u201d ; \nNocholas B. Dirk, Geoff Eley, & Sherry B. Orther (eds). Cultural/Power/History : A \nReader in Contemporary Social Teory. Princention University Press (dalam \nhttp://matanimor.or.id/2016/03/22/habitus-modal-simbolik-dan-dominasi-pengantar-\nsingkat-menuju-pemikiran-pierre-buordieu/).", "start_char_idx": 38096, "end_char_idx": 40678, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e32e1dcf-5fc5-498c-9a53-b262a598d986": {"__data__": {"id_": "e32e1dcf-5fc5-498c-9a53-b262a598d986", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58545", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "9bb63b2d769f99e67f7534d22b920b1ef5b5d7c0319eec014ccd0d2a7a679b5c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5bdaeac5-7f39-48d0-b0cd-0c38bcf1f5d2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "6cd191d21236dbdb1f2f644bd4cd13d9c038cf7efe8024e1b2299b399ee41f5f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f567f0e9-d2b4-4d67-af74-583b5aea4227", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "028b5ae5215acecab3b85511199460ff3e30986d0e4bdc9f9599c8e3cfae4330", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 26-39   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n39 \n \n\n \n\nBourdieu, Pierre, dan Wacquant Loic JD. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago \n: Chicago University Press.  \n\nBourdieu, P., 1979. La distinction: critique sociale du jugement [Distinction: a social critique \nof the judgement of taste]. Paris: Editions de Minuit \n\nCanclini, N. 1990. Hybrid Cultures: Strategi untuk masuk dan keluar dari modernitas. \nDebolsillo: Meksiko. \n\nEriyanto. 2001. Analisis Wacana : Pengantar Analisis Teks Media. Yogyakarta : LKiS. \n\nEriyanto. 2003. Analisis Wacana Pengantar Analisis Teks Media. Yogyakarta : PT. LKiS \nPrinting Cemerlang. \n\nHarker, Richard, et al. 2009. (Habitus x Modal) + Ranah = Praktik:  Pengantar Paling \nKomprehensif kepada Pemikiran Piere Bourdieu, terj. Pipit Maizier Yogyakarta: \nJalasutra. \n\nHaryatmoko. 2016. Membongkar Rezim Ketidakpastian Pemikiran Kritis Post-Strukturalis. \nYogyakarta : Penerbit Kanisius. \n\nMartono, Nanang. 2005. Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial Perspektif Klasik, Modern, Posmodern \ndan Poskolonial. Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada). \n\n \nI Gusti Ngurah Agung Aryawan. Dampak Globalisasi Terhadap Etika Berbusana Remaja \n\nHindu dalam Asosiasi Upaya untuk Membentuk Generasi yang Ilmiah dan Religius. \nProsiding Seminar Nasional Agama Dan Budaya (Semaya II Tahun 2016). \n\nIDG. Windhu Sancaya. 2011. Pura Besakih : Di Antara Legenda dan Sejarah Penguasa Bali. \nKajian Bali, Volume 01, Nomor 01, April 2011. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004. Dunia yang Dilipat, Tamasya Melampaui Batas-Batas \nKebudayaan. Yogyakarta : Jalasutra. \n\nPiliang, Yasraf Amir, 2008. Multiplisitas dan Diferensi : Redefinisi Desain, Teknologi, dan \nHumanitas. Yogyakarta dan Bandung: Jalasutra. \n\nRitzer G. 2005. Ketika Kapitalisme Berjingkrang Telaah Kritis terhadap Gelombang \nMcDonalisasi. Diterjemahkan oleh  Solihin dan Didik P Yowono. Yogyakarta : Pustaka \nPelajar. \n\nSusanto, P.S.Hary. 1987. Mitos Menurut Pemikiran Mircea Eliade. Yogyakarta : Kanisius.  \n\nSutrisno, Muji. 2005. Teori-Teori Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta : Kanisius.", "start_char_idx": 40683, "end_char_idx": 42971, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f567f0e9-d2b4-4d67-af74-583b5aea4227": {"__data__": {"id_": "f567f0e9-d2b4-4d67-af74-583b5aea4227", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e32e1dcf-5fc5-498c-9a53-b262a598d986", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58545", "author": "Suarmini, Desak Putu Andi; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " UNVEIL THE DAY OF DISCOURSE ON THE USE OF TRADITIONAL BALINESE CLOTHING FOR ASN IN THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BALI", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58545.pdf"}, "hash": "2b3bc9c0810571b40408ff6dfebffc2b916f6fafb6763051357b9c3970d741a4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "0ea6ab9e-2657-43c0-84a7-e5423efaee31", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "afd6e9447731bc414f2bb427ed747023afec4845a1cdef2fe49bc3797513e0bb", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Mayske 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n40 \n \n\nMIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY \nCHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON \n\n \nMayske Rinny Liando1,Tirsa Vira Rondonuwu2 \n\n12Universitas Negeri Manado \n\n \nemail: 1mayske_liando@unima.ac.id, 2rondonuwutirsa29@gmail.com \n\n \nReceived Date : 05-07-2019 \nAccepted Date : 18-08-2019 \nPublished Date : 30-11-2019 \n\n \nABTRACT \n\nThe teaching of second language or the third make sociolinguistic problem. For most \nIndonesian people, Indonesian language is the second or third language. The teaching of of \nIndonesian language is integrated in Indonesian language subject that starts from elementary \nto high school. Indonesian language is a main language in Indonesian especially in education \ninstitutes. It is undebieble fact that students use another language at Gonzaga Junior High \nSchool Tomohon because of the influence of social and culture background. Code mixing is \ncaused by some factors, namely (1) subject, (2) describing, (3) daily routine in teaching and \nlearning activities in Junior High School Catholic Gonzaga Tomohon has been the main issue \nin their research.This research is aimed to explain about kinds of code mixing and factors that \ncause the code mixing in teaching and learning activities by Junior High School Students \nCatholic Gonzaga Tomohon.Theories used for this research is the theory of speech \ncommunity, bilingual  theory , theory of code and  code mixing. This research is a descriptive \nqualitative. The research data is done with the following method of observation technic. The \ndata in this research is the student speech that contains code mixing. The data analysis that \nuse is qualitative analysis with equal method.The result of this research shows that speech \nact of the students in Gonzaga Junior High School of Tomohon found code mixing. The form \nof code mixing that using are Indonesian, English and Manado Malay. Based on the result of \nthis research can concluding that kinds of code mixing are code mixing in lexical form, frasa \nform and clausa form. The factors of code mixing are namely, describing and daily routine. \n\nKey words: code mixing, teaching and learning activities, Indonesian language, \nsociolinguistic \n\n \n\nPRELIMINARY \n\n Indonesia as a developing country is an example of a multicultural country, where \n\ndifferent community groups live side by side with diversity in terms of religion, group, ethnicity, \n\nprofession, politics. In interaction with one another often occurs the use of different \n\nlanguages. Nababan (1984: 32), explains when people mix two or more languages or \n\nlanguage variations in a language act (speech act or discourse) without realizing it and there", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3044, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "0ea6ab9e-2657-43c0-84a7-e5423efaee31": {"__data__": {"id_": "0ea6ab9e-2657-43c0-84a7-e5423efaee31", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f567f0e9-d2b4-4d67-af74-583b5aea4227", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "8fd4a357604ee533d9ab81ecce6ed815acad6c22ff150140f745787b0e5cf4ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5adae5c1-16b0-4842-b369-4eda75271342", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "153cc379a47a9e199aa2c9564c2bdfaaea02dec2cb8a5ddfd2514be05bfc02b2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n41 \n \n\nis a prior desire to understand something, speakers of both languages can learn elements \n\nfrom other languages unknown before. The ability to understand until you can actively use \n\nother languages gives birth to a condition called bilingualism. \n\n Indonesian functions as a unifying tool for a sense of unity and national unity. As a \n\nnational language, Indonesian functions as a symbol of national pride, national identity, a \n\nmeans of unifying various ethnic groups and also functions as a means of communication \n\nbetween regions and among regional cultures. Indonesian must be able to strengthen \n\nnational identity and personality. As part of a global society, Indonesian must also be flexible \n\nand flexible in accepting the influence and change of civilization. \n\n Language is one of the characteristics of humans. There is no way for humans to not \n\nuse language in their daily activities, even if they are not consciously aware of it. It is different \n\nwith the views of some cultural researchers who find that language functions important and \n\nis fundamental to human life. \n\n According to Pateda (1987) language is one of the communication tools used by \n\nhumans to achieve goals. When communicating, the speaker uses more certain languages \n\nto clarify the meaning that is difficult to understand or accept the other person. Therefore, it \n\ncannot be denied that the bilingual community in communicating will make language choices \n\nand code. Furthermore, it is also explained that the form of code switching or code mixing \n\ncan be in the form of the transfer of words, phrases, clauses or sentences from one language \n\nto another language (Chaer, 1995: 154). Usually code switching talks will always be followed \n\nby code mixing. Ohoiwutun (1996: 72) states that, the presence of code switching and code \n\nmixing is a result of the ability of members of the language community to speak more than \n\none. Code switching and code mixing are not forms of language errors due to weak mastery \n\nof the speaker in the language used. Code switching and code mixing often in various \n\ncommunity conversations, code switching and code mixing can occur in all walks of life. A \n\nperson's social status cannot prevent code switching or code mixing or is often called multi-\n\nlingual. \n\n               A multi-lingual society arises because the speech community has or masters more \n\nthan one different language so that they can use these language choices in communication. \n\nIn sociolinguistic studies, language choices become an important aspect that is studied in a \n\nlinguistics. Indonesian society which consists of various types can be referred to as a bilingual \n\nsociety, where the community in addition to being able to speak the region can also speak \n\nIndonesian and even foreign languages, especially English. Foreign languages, in this case", "start_char_idx": 3049, "end_char_idx": 6206, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5adae5c1-16b0-4842-b369-4eda75271342": {"__data__": {"id_": "5adae5c1-16b0-4842-b369-4eda75271342", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "0ea6ab9e-2657-43c0-84a7-e5423efaee31", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "062ac2c7b53fe4f7cfc37e1140735a18f1ebba1a2ec94ba88e8742d078a81fc0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "31356296-404f-4754-aa48-2ffc14b0af66", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "07b244fe54ff7c5637c23624481eca90495167e4e1b55fe87b9b2f602d7ce075", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n42 \n \n\nEnglish that is able to be mastered by the people of Indonesia because it has been studied \n\nsince elementary school level even starting at an early age. The problem of language contact \n\nas part of sociolinguistic problems in a bilingual or multilingual society like this so often \n\nhappens that the problem of code mixing is often done as a result of mastery of more than \n\none language. \n\n Based on the observations of researchers that Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle \n\nSchool students in teaching and learning interactions in schools, use languages other than \n\nIndonesian, namely the Malay language Manado and English. This is strongly influenced by \n\nthe position of the Manado Malay language as Lingua Franca of the people of North Sulawesi \n\nwho have a variety of regional languages. Thus it needs to be traced through a study entitled \n\n\"The Use of Code Mixing in Teaching and Learning Activities by Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic \n\nMiddle School Students: A Sociolinguistic Study\". \n\n In this study, researchers examined the use of code mixing in teaching and learning \n\nactivities by Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School students because there were still \n\nmany students who often used mixed codes when they were supposed to use Indonesian \n\nlanguage properly and correctly. Examples of code mix expressions found at school include: \n\nLet's quickly make assignments because somo break; make it a habit to come on time; this \n\nis a market-class classroom; don't play while learning; this is hard to work at home. \n\n \n\nFORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM \n\n1)  what types of code mixing are used by students in teaching and learning activities at \n\nGonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School? \n\n2)  what factors are causing the code mixing in students' teaching and learning activities in \n\nGonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School? \n\n \n\nMETHODS     \n\n The research method used in this study is a qualitative method. In this case a \n\nsystematic and accurate description of the data examined is made. This descriptive method \n\nwas chosen because the research conducted aims to clearly describe the object under study \n\nnaturally (Djajasudarma 1993: 8-9). In observing the interactions that occur, researchers \n\napply the method of direct observation of students' language behavior carried out by Gonzaga \n\nTomohon Catholic Middle School in and outside the classroom.", "start_char_idx": 6211, "end_char_idx": 8864, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "31356296-404f-4754-aa48-2ffc14b0af66": {"__data__": {"id_": "31356296-404f-4754-aa48-2ffc14b0af66", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5adae5c1-16b0-4842-b369-4eda75271342", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "1d4e17f5d080782ab2120f59805abee15317c1a6ada63e5dd2d448ce375f5b6c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5e0e66c1-9364-44e2-8c05-cac194e90ac9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "72572a43f78ac792a3bb024b17a5852628b0a596fbc4f8e7dfd69aab70ddc794", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n43 \n \n\n This research was conducted at Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School. This \n\nschool is located at Jalan Raya Tomohon, Paslaten II Sub-District, Tomohon Timur District, \n\nTomohon City. The data obtained in this study were sourced from spoken language spoken \n\nby Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School students, there were three grade levels, \n\nnamely seventh, eighth and ninth grade but only seven and eighth grade were studied. \n\n Data collection techniques carried out by the method of listening, by listening to the \n\nuse of language and. The method of listening is the method used to obtain data regarding the \n\nuse of spoken and written language. The term listening here is not only related to the use of \n\nwritten language. tapping technique.The tapping technique is referred to as the basic \n\ntechnique in the listening method because essentially listening is realized by tapping. \n\nFurthermore, the note taking technique is an advanced technique that is carried out when \n\napplying the listening method. note that note some forms that are relevant for his research \n\nfrom the use of written language. (Mahsun, 2007: 92.94). The method of study or analysis \n\nused in the analysis is inductive analysis. Inductive analysis is the determination of the truth \n\nof a matter or general formulation of a phenomenon by studying the case for specific events \n\nrelated to it. \n\n  \n\nDISCUSSION  \n\n The interaction between the teacher and students in teaching is also called the \n\nteaching and learning process (Ibrahim, et al 1992: 8). In the teaching and learning process, \n\nof course there are those who are taught and those who teach. Learning is one of the vital \n\nhuman needs for sustaining life and developing oneself in social life. Teaching and learning \n\nprocess is a process that contains a series of actions of teachers and students on the basis \n\nof reciprocal relationships that take place in educational situations to achieve certain goals. \n\n Interaction or reciprocal relationship between teacher and student is a major \n\nrequirement for the ongoing teaching and learning process. Interaction in teaching and \n\nlearning events has a broader meaning, not just the relationship between the teacher and \n\nstudents, but in the form of educational interactions. In this case not only the delivery of \n\nmessages in the form of subject matter, but the inculcation of attitudes and values in students \n\nwho are learning.The use of Indonesian as the language of communication in communication \n\nplays an important role in various fields, such as government, family, religion, ethnicity, and \n\neducation. In the realm of education, Indonesian is an introduction in the teaching and \n\nlearning process (PBM). Language becomes a medium used by teachers in delivering subject", "start_char_idx": 8869, "end_char_idx": 11944, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5e0e66c1-9364-44e2-8c05-cac194e90ac9": {"__data__": {"id_": "5e0e66c1-9364-44e2-8c05-cac194e90ac9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "31356296-404f-4754-aa48-2ffc14b0af66", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "4cfd750924f0ce07c30cf005598b2cd34cc3c78298243f61218410dbe5886fc0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7ebb6a6d-9ff9-4840-b587-8dc177e1398b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fbaee5cc7a981e90594915a55fbef17a1dc0a3ad5c5da1f8e8d76bd168e7f3b1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n44 \n \n\nmatter. Through language, students can understand what is conveyed by the teacher. \n\nThrough language as well, students can overcome difficulties in the learning process. Thus \n\nthe importance of Indonesian as a language of instruction in learning so that it needs to be \n\nmaintained in various levels of education both elementary, junior high, and high. \n\n The existence of the use of Indonesian as a language of instruction in learning does \n\nneed to be maintained. But there are some things that we must remember that based on \n\nlinguistic aspects, \"Indonesian society is a bilingual (bilingual) community that masters more \n\nthan one language, namely regional languages, Indonesian languages and foreign \n\nlanguages\" (Nababan, 1989: 27). A bilingual community will experience language contact, \n\ngiving birth to mixed codes. Nababan (1989: 28) explained that \"code mixing is the mixing of \n\ntwo (more) languages or languages in one language act without something in the language \n\nsituation that requires mixing languages\". Mastery of two or more languages by a language \n\nspeaker allows for an impact , i.e. transfer of language elements, both negative and positive \n\ntransfers. Positive transfer results in integration which is beneficial for both languages \n\nbecause the absorption of elements from a language can be integrated with the absorbing \n\nlanguage system. Conversely, negative transfer will give birth to interference, namely \n\ndeviations from the norms of language as a result of the introduction of other languages \n\n Sociolinguistics according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) Online is the \n\nscience of the language used in social interaction; branch of science about the relationship \n\nand the interplay between language behavior and social behavior. The problem of language \n\ncontact as part of sociolinguistic problems in bilingual and multilingual societies such as this \n\nis very common so that the problem of code mixing is often done as a result of mastering \n\nlanguages in more than one language. The study of language has been widely carried out by \n\nlinguists, both pure and interdisciplinary studies of science. One of the interdisciplinary \n\nstudies of language is sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is a combination of socio and \n\nlinguistics which are two fields of empirical science that have very close links. \n\n Kridalaksana (1984: 2) argued that sociolinguistics is the study of the characteristics \n\nand various variations of language, as well as the relationship between linguists and the \n\ncharacteristics of the language's function in a language society. As for the essence of what is \n\nstated by Kridalaksana is the probability of the emergence of language uniformity so that the \n\nbirth of language studies involving the community. Language studies involving the language \n\ncommunity, especially regarding the characteristics or variety of languages called linguistic.", "start_char_idx": 11949, "end_char_idx": 15167, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7ebb6a6d-9ff9-4840-b587-8dc177e1398b": {"__data__": {"id_": "7ebb6a6d-9ff9-4840-b587-8dc177e1398b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5e0e66c1-9364-44e2-8c05-cac194e90ac9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "a557d781561faa66d478213eaf5ad795a3f13383f040f9a527715305f985c406", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7ae54d65-641a-409f-ba25-4c67a3b14eb7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6dc4e196ee72b34420adc23b8485be612ee2380c5f377263e85727c321903603", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n45 \n \n\nAs the name implies, studies in sociolinguistics are the use of language in society. Broadly \n\nspeaking, the term Tutur Community or also called the Linguistic Community is used by \n\nlinguists to refer to communities based on language (Hudson, 1996 : 24). Actually there are \n\nmany definitions that explain the term speech society. The simplest term to describe speech \n\nsociety is that put forward by Lyons (in Hudson, 1996: 24) states that 'speech society is \n\neveryone who uses a certain language (dialect)'. This definition similar to the definition given \n\nby Bloomfield (1993, Indonesianized by Sutikno (1995: 40) in his book titled \"Language\". He \n\nintroduced the term language society with the definition of a group of people using the same \n\nspeech system in interacting. \n\n Sociolinguistics generally examines bilingual and multi-linguistic societies. \n\nUnderstanding Bilingualism was put forward by Bloomfield (1958: 56) who said that \n\nbilingualism is a symptom of mastering a second language with the same degree of ability as \n\nnative speakers as formulated as native-like control of two languages. This means that a \n\nbilingualist (bilingualist) is a person who masters two languages equally well. \n\n According to Hartman and Stork (1972: 115) interference is a mistake that occurs as \n\na result of carrying habits of speech in the mother tongue or dialect into a second language \n\nor dialect (Abdul Chaer and Leonie Agustina (2004: 121). In bilingual societies, the use of \n\nlanguages that they control interchangeably is greatly influenced by many factors. According \n\nto Hymes (1972), the characteristics of the socio-cultural dimension that affect the use of the \n\nlanguage of a speaker can be classified into eight components called the Speech Component. \n\nSo called because the embodiment of the meaning of a speech or utterance is determined \n\nby the speech component. The eight speech components can be synchronized with speaking: \n\nSettings and Scene (background); Participants; Ends (results); Act sequence (mandate); Key \n\n(way); Instrumentalities (facilities); Norms (norms); and Genres (types) (Suhardi and \n\nSembiring, 2005: 51-53). Wardhaugh (1986) refers to code as a system used to communicate \n\nbetween two or more speakers in the form of a particular dialect or language. \"... that the \n\nparticular dialect or language one chooses to use on any occasion is a code, a system used \n\ncommunication between two or more parties\"   \n\n According to Wardhaugh, bilingual or multilingual communities are faced with the \n\nproblem of choosing a particular code (biased in the form of dialects or languages) when they \n\nspeak, and they may also decide to switch from one code to another or mix the codes. Thus, \n\nin a multilingual society there are a variety of codes, including in the form of language, dialect, \n\nsociolect, and the style used in communication. With the existence of these codes, speakers", "start_char_idx": 15172, "end_char_idx": 18398, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7ae54d65-641a-409f-ba25-4c67a3b14eb7": {"__data__": {"id_": "7ae54d65-641a-409f-ba25-4c67a3b14eb7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7ebb6a6d-9ff9-4840-b587-8dc177e1398b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "735bc6ceaa9fb72979d07417574100b73cc9f0a0d8c6cbf0653fb084c5feace5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "055682b8-6efe-42a2-aa24-567023bdc1b3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "10aa466e349f74051c8e080750d0257923921d091de8250b4231a38abeb757e9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n46 \n \n\nin the speech environment will use the code in accordance with the factors that influence it \n\nby changing the variation in language use. Code switching can be interpreted as a general \n\nterm to refer to a change (transition) in the use of two or more languages. Sobarna (1994: 28) \n\nstates that code experts can occur between local languages in a national language that is, \n\ncode switching into or between native languages (regions or Indonesian ) in a foreign \n\nlanguage called exit code transfer. Code Transfer is the use of one language on one purpose \n\nand using another language on another, while code mixing is the use of a particular language \n\nmixed with other languages (Chaer, 1995: 203). \n\n The convergence of two different cultures will lead to bilingual contact. This situation \n\nwill cause language contact (language contact) of two cultures that have two different \n\nlanguages. (Suwito, 1985: 39). This condition is possible if a speaker uses more than one \n\nlanguage in the speech community, will use one language purely and is not affected by other \n\nlanguages while within the speech community itself there are various languages and also \n\nwithin the speaker there are already different abilities language, conditions like this can cause \n\nsymptoms of code mixing. \n\nCode mixing (CK) is one aspect of language dependence in a bilingual / multilingual \n\nsociety. This dependency characteristic is characterized by a reciprocal relationship between \n\nthe functions and roles of language. The role shows who uses the language, which is marked \n\nby the social background of the speaker, the level of education, and so on, while the function \n\nshows what the speaker is trying to achieve by mixing codes and the extent to which the \n\nlanguage used provides opportunities for code mixing. According to the large Indonesian \n\ndictionary online (2005: 190), code mixing is the use of language units from one language to \n\nanother to expand the style of language or language variety, where the use is in the form of \n\nwords, clauses, idioms, greetings and so on. Scotton (1979: 65) explains that mixing codes \n\nas a choice of code or language related to the use of language or more in the same sentence \n\nor conversation. Furthermore it is said that the form of code mixing can be a change from \n\nwords, phrases, clauses or sentences from one language to another language. \n\nIn a situation of other languages is when people mix two languages or various \n\nlanguages in a language action requires mixing the language. In such circumstances only the \n\nslowness of the speaker or his habits are obeyed. Acts such language we call mixed code. In \n\nIndonesia this code mix is often present in a state of conversation which is mixed with \n\nIndonesian with regional languages. If the person is \"educated\", we can also see mixed codes \n\nbetween Indonesian (regional languages) and foreign languages (Nababan, 1984: 32). Based", "start_char_idx": 18403, "end_char_idx": 21628, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "055682b8-6efe-42a2-aa24-567023bdc1b3": {"__data__": {"id_": "055682b8-6efe-42a2-aa24-567023bdc1b3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7ae54d65-641a-409f-ba25-4c67a3b14eb7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "fbd512254c187a5b43dabb323dec24c86e36866d8cd871a393c675c3e342110b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d31ef8b7-e25e-4fc3-a777-d9b505549e91", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "30acfe55124c5709dcc7571673fd8ee2f7b862f04f2e3be900bc39035c50b472", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n47 \n \n\non the uptake element that causes the code mixing, mixed code is divided into three types \n\n(Jendre, 2001). Mixed exit code is mixed code that absorbs foreign language elements \n\n(Jendre, 2001). Mix code into is a type of code that absorbs elements of regional languages \n\nwhich are related. For example symptoms of code mixing in Indonesian speech events are \n\ncontained within the elements of regional languages. Mixed code is mixed code which in \n\n(maybe clause or sentence) has absorbed the elements of regional languages and foreign \n\nlanguages (Jendra, 1991: 132). \n\n Referring to the restrictions as mentioned in this study, the researcher discusses and \n\nanalyzes the types of code mix namely lexical / words, phrases and clauses. As well as \n\ndiscussing the causative factors for the three factors namely role identification, desire to \n\nexplain / interpret and habits. Based on the linguistic elements involved in it, Suwito (1996: \n\n92) distinguishes mixed code into several types namely lexical (word) is the smallest element \n\nin the formation of sentences which is very important role in grammar, the meaning of words \n\nis a unit of language that stands alone , consisting of a single morpheme or a combination of \n\nmorphemes. Phrases are a combination of two or more words that are not predictive in nature, \n\nthe combination can be dense and can be tenuous (Harimurti, 2001: 59). The clause as a \n\ngrammatical unit in the form of a group of words consisting of at least a subject and a \n\npredicate and has the potential to become a sentence . \n\n Suwito (1983) explained several factors underlying the occurrence of code mixing, \n\nnamely the role factor is the social status, education, as well as the class of speech \n\nparticipants or speakers of the language. Variety factors are determined by the language \n\nused by the speaker when mixing codes, which will occupy the social status hierarchy. The \n\nwillingness to explain and interpret factors included in this factor is evident in the event of \n\ncode mixing that marks the attitudes and relationships of the speaker with others, and the \n\nrelationship of others towards them. The data obtained in this study indicate that Gonzaga \n\nTomohon Catholic Middle School students mixed code in their speech. In accordance with \n\nthe findings during the research, language mixing / code mixing was given based on classes \n\nin Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School. In this study, researchers discuss and analyze \n\nthe types of code mixing and also discuss the factors that cause code mixing. The type or \n\nform of code mixing can be in the form of mixing or displacement of words / lexicals, phrases, \n\nclauses or sentences from different languages. one to another language. And the factors that \n\ncause code mixing are (1) identification of roles, (2) desire to explain and interpret, and (3) \n\nhabits.", "start_char_idx": 21633, "end_char_idx": 24796, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d31ef8b7-e25e-4fc3-a777-d9b505549e91": {"__data__": {"id_": "d31ef8b7-e25e-4fc3-a777-d9b505549e91", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "055682b8-6efe-42a2-aa24-567023bdc1b3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "3112182600ca8b3bf31ae5850baed819406af7cb1510744ad7e28f84feba0559", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d9ba914c-cc6b-4207-a648-ce0128656a99", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d13ec0c546ad2a87d180ec8d33441740f6d86eb8e70785497f92e0306735f20d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n48 \n \n\n In this study, only Indonesian, English, and Malay Malay are limited. From the \n\nresearch findings, examples of the types of code mixing and the factors causing the code \n\nmixing occurred during the events of Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School students. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\n Based on the results of the research and discussion presented previously, it can be \n\nconcluded the following matters: Types of mixed codes found in the research on speech \n\nevents in teaching and learning activities of Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School \n\nstudents are mixed lexical type codes, phrases, and clause. Lexical / word is the smallest \n\nelement in the formation of sentences which is very important role in grammar, what is meant \n\nby words is a unit of language that stands alone, consisting of a single morpheme or a \n\ncombination of morphemes. Phrases are a combination of two or more words that are not \n\npredictive, the combination can be meeting and can be tenuous. Clause is a grammatical unit \n\nin the form of a group of words consisting of at least a subject and a predicate and has the \n\npotential to be a sentence. \n\n The factors that cause code mixing in the situation of speech in teaching and learning \n\nactivities of Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School students are the factors of role \n\nidentification, factors of desire to explain or interpret, and habits. If the speech shows an \n\nindication of social status, education of the speaker or authority authority, it can be \n\ncategorized that the code mix is a result of the role identification factor (IP). If the speech \n\nshows an indication that the speaker has direct contact with the interlocutor and tries to \n\nexplain or interpret something, then it can be categorized that the code mix occurs due to \n\nfactors explain and interpret (M). What is meant by code mixing events is because of the habit \n\nfactor (K), which is code mixing that occurs only as a result of association between speakers \n\nof a language without having a specific purpose. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nBloomfield, Leonard. 1958. Language, Twelfth Impression. Great Britain :Cox and Wyman \nLtd \n\nDjajasudarma. T. Fatimah. 1993. Metode Linguistik Ancangan Metode Penelitiandan \nkajian.Eresco. Bandung. \n\nFasold, ralph. 1984. Sociolinguistics of Society. New York: Basil Blackwell.", "start_char_idx": 24802, "end_char_idx": 27407, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d9ba914c-cc6b-4207-a648-ce0128656a99": {"__data__": {"id_": "d9ba914c-cc6b-4207-a648-ce0128656a99", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58547", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "6b9741d80ff495f2ec60bcdbba94b61b36154cfbb6f48148e15bbe994c03cdcf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d31ef8b7-e25e-4fc3-a777-d9b505549e91", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "9e07fd2445cdd441ff8acb720ddedd08575b71d1313bf580e92773ae83a1e658", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7b01ca87-9e7e-46e0-9150-a61b343a362b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ecc074071dbdfb267f2bfbb8496368bfe3247125b4563e338aa678df1754a8c5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 40-49   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n49 \n \n\nHartman E dan L. Stock. 1972. Reading in Sociology of Language. Dalam Fishman, J.A. \nEditor. Paris: Mouton \n\nHudson, Richard A. 1996. Sociolinguistics. Second Edition Cambridge: Cambridge University \nPress \n\nHymes, D. 1972.\u2019\u2019The Ethography of Speaking\u2019\u2019, dalam Readings in the Sociology of \nLanguage, edited by Joshua A. Fisman. Paris: Mouton. \n\nJendra, I Wayan. 1991. Kedwibahasaan Campur Kode, Proyek Peningkatan dan \nPengembangan Perguruan Tinggi (P3T). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana \n\nKridalaksana, Harimurti. 1984. Fungsi Bahasa dan Sikap Bahasa.Yogyakarta : Kanisius. \n\nM.S.Mahsun. 2007.Metode Penelitian Bahasa. Jakarta: Rajawali Press. \n\nNababan, P.W.J. 1984. Sosiolinguistik : Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka \nUmum  \n\nOhoiwutun, Paul. 1996. Sosiolinguistik; Memahami Bahasa dalam Konteks Masyarakat dan \nKebudayaan. Jakarta : Kesaint Blanc \n\nPateda, Mansoer. 1987. Sosiolinguistik. Bandung : Angkasa \n\nScotton, C.M. 1979. Code switching as a Safe Choice in Choosing a Lingua Franca \n\nSobarna, Cece. 1994. Ahli Kode dan Campur Kode di Kalangan Remaja Kota Bandung. \nLaporan Penelitian. Bandung : The Toyota Foundation  \n\nSugiyono. 2005. Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif.  Bandung : Penerbit CV.Alfabeta \n\nSuhardi, B dan Sembiring Cornelius. 2005. Aspek Sosial Bahasa, dalam Kushartanti., \nYuwono, Untung., Lauder, Multamia RMT. Pesona Bahasa Langkah Awal Memahami \nLinguistik. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. \n\nSuwito. 1985. Pengantar Awal Sosiolinguistik ; Teori dan Problema. Edisi ke-2.Surakarta : \nHenry Offset \n\nTroike Saville, M. 1982. The Ethnography of Communication.Oxford : Basil Blackwell \n\nWardaugh. 1986. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell ltd.", "start_char_idx": 27412, "end_char_idx": 29418, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7b01ca87-9e7e-46e0-9150-a61b343a362b": {"__data__": {"id_": "7b01ca87-9e7e-46e0-9150-a61b343a362b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d9ba914c-cc6b-4207-a648-ce0128656a99", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58547", "author": "Rinny Liando, Mayske; Rondonuwu, Tirsa Vira", "title": " MIXED CODE THAT ENTERENCHED IN THE LEARNING PROCESS BY CHATHOLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GONZAGA TOMOHON", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58547.pdf"}, "hash": "29017f668e90205cae1efc5f78a3f90f6804681867016ad1cddcf683ce15a905", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ffdca114-3abd-47f9-ac82-3579e671685f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9d07ac9de3ae9c0cee9d8d351f509246a1312949a5ce34c7b1e82dd0b81b04fc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Tingkes 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n50 \n \n\nANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY  \nPOOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR \n\n \n\nI Nyoman Tingkes \n\nDepartement of Management, University of Dhyanapura,  \nBadung, Bali, Indonesia \n\n \nemail: nyomantingkes6262@icloud.com  \n\n \nReceived Date : 28-08-2019 \nAccepted Date : 10-09-2019 \nPublished Date : 30-11-2019 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\nThe purpose of this study was to analyze the basic needs of poor households in Gianyar \nRegency in terms of capacity, socioeconomic status, socio-cultural environment and \ninstitutional poverty reduction towards the accessibility of poor households both directly and \nindirectly. The study was designed using the concurently embbded method, which is a \nquantitative method (GsCA) validated by qualitative methods. Quantitative research used 400 \nsamples of poor households. It used 25 samples (key informants). The quantitative data were \nanalyzed with descriptive statistics and GsCA parametric statistics. The qualitative data were \nanalyzed using reduce, display and conclution (drawing/ verifying) techniques. The results \nfound that the coefficient of capacity: 0.043, spositive and not significant; socioeconomic \nstatus was 0.346, positive and significant, social environment is -0.143, negative and \nsignificant, and institutional poverty reduction 0.140, positive but not significant. The results \nof the study show that the poor accessibility of poor households due to the sociocultural \nenvironment was negative and institutional performance was not optimal. Therefore, poverty \nalleviation by the Regional Government of Gianyar Regency should pay more attention to the \nconditions of the sociocultural environment and more optimal institutional performance. \n\nKeywords: capacity, economic status, social environment, institutional, accessibility \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nGianyar Regency is a regency in the Province of Bali, Indonesia. The Regency is \n\ncommitted to fighting poverty and hunger as an effort to improve the quality of human \n\nresources as agreed upon by 189 countries at the Millennium Summit (MDGs, September \n\n2000). Many programs and activities have been carried out in an effort to fight poverty and \n\nhunger including Community Based Development and the Bali Urban Infrastructure Project \n\nfunded by the World Bank. Other programs include Integrated Urban Infrastructure \n\nDevelopment Improvement Projects, Urban Poverty Reduction Programs, Welfare \n\nImprovement Enterprises, Women's Loans and Savings, Cash Direct Assistance, Social", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2859, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ffdca114-3abd-47f9-ac82-3579e671685f": {"__data__": {"id_": "ffdca114-3abd-47f9-ac82-3579e671685f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7b01ca87-9e7e-46e0-9150-a61b343a362b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "0392092489d7e4617dab7ce99fee6629ae924682bc3f90eb4f8d37b579c9bbd1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "115913e9-508c-4c33-b084-6c3406ec9ef9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "11e186b4c5b16eb04447b67650e5a0ec9c7d06e9254a063c4c943e66904f8178", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n51 \n \n\nAssistance, Joint Business Groups, People's Welfare Programs, Poor Rice Assistance, \n\nPoverty Alleviation Integrated Movements, Poverty Alleviation Guarantees, National Health, \n\nBali Mandara Health Insurance, Integrated Agricultural Systems, and various other poverty \n\nalleviation programs with an insufficient amount of funds. \n\nThe number of poor households (RTM) in Gianyar Regency in 2009 was 25,500 RTM; \n\nin 2010 there were 31,500 people, and in 2011 there were 26,000 RTM. The data shows that \n\nthere was no downward trend, instead there was a trend of increasing the number of RTM \n\nover three years (BPS Bali Province, 2012). This data raises various questions, such as why \n\npoverty is in place, what's with poverty, and various other questions. \n\nThe results of observations in the field show that poor households face various internal \n\nand external constraints. Internal constraints attached to individuals, such as education and \n\nskills are generally low, poor health (disability, permanent illness, aging, aging, and \n\nmalnutrition), and asset ownership is generally small. External constraints in the form of socio-\n\ncultural environment are less supportive and regional poverty reduction institutions are less \n\naccountable. \n\nLow average RTM capacity. They have difficulty in utilizing access, difficulty interacting \n\nwith the socio-cultural environment and regional poverty reduction institutions. Socio-cultural \n\nenvironment includes family, neighbors, Pakraman village, and others. The regional poverty \n\nreduction institutional environment includes: Village Community Development Cadres, Village \n\nCommunity Empowerment Institutions, District Facilitators, District Facilitators, Regional \n\nPeople's Representative Council, Regional Work Unit Forum, Inter-Village Cooperation Body, \n\nVillage Head, Village Secretary, Sub-District Head, Civil Servants who are trained to help \n\nparticipatory planning (Setrawan) at the district and sub-district level. \n\nCapacity constraints faced with a less supportive socio-cultural environment and less \n\naccountable regional poverty reduction institutions are thought to be the cause of the program \n\nof activities to fight poverty and road hunger in place. Todaro and Smith (2006) and Basri \n\n(2009) say that efforts to fight poverty and hunger are slow because development is seen \n\nmerely as an economic phenomenon. High and low development progress is only measured \n\nby the level of gross national income, both overall and per capita which is believed to be \n\ndripping, creating jobs and equitable distribution (trickle down effect), while the problem of \n\npoverty, unemployment and inequality receives less attention. \n\nFrom the description of the research problems the research objectives are to (1) \n\nanalyze the influence of RTM capacity, socioeconomic status, socio-cultural environment,", "start_char_idx": 2864, "end_char_idx": 6023, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "115913e9-508c-4c33-b084-6c3406ec9ef9": {"__data__": {"id_": "115913e9-508c-4c33-b084-6c3406ec9ef9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "ffdca114-3abd-47f9-ac82-3579e671685f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "a62c70d8b5ab690af63af6746fa26a9be3c28764ef69bf70f7bedf074f4c44f8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "36a7cb49-d4a6-42e1-8d60-8d6d9a7a9169", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9037eb81e0307bd3dab46c9d2b4def69ba0cfe252020b36112b787c79bb5447e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n52 \n \n\nand regional poverty reduction institutions on the accessibility of basic needs of RTM in \n\nGianyar Regency; (2) analyzing the influence of socioeconomic status, socio-cultural \n\nenvironment, and poverty reduction institutions on the capacity of RTM in Gianyar Regency; \n\nand (3) analyze the most dominant variables affecting the basic needs of RTM in Gianyar \n\nRegency. \n\n \n\nTHEORY STUDIES  \n\n Poverty is said to be a condition, ie a person or household is in a state of \"lack of \n\nwelfare\" (Haugton and Khandker, 2012). Poverty is defined as a condition of someone who \n\nis not valuable, completely lacking, or destitute (Anwar, 2001). Economists generally \n\nassociate the problem of poverty with low living standards and inequitable distribution of \n\nincome. While sociologists attribute the problem of poverty to social class or low stratification \n\nand are called marginalized groups (Hadirman and Midgley, 1982). \n\nBy type and causes of poverty can be divided into two, namely absolute poverty and relative \n\npoverty. Absolute poverty is associated with estimates of income levels and needs. Estimates \n\nof the level of need are limited to basic needs or minimum basic needs that enable a person \n\nto be able to live properly. If income does not reach minimum needs, someone is said to be \n\npoor. Poverty is relatively more determined by the level of development of the surrounding \n\ncommunity. Someone who has reached the level of minimum basic needs, but his income is \n\nmuch lower than the income of the surrounding community, that person is in the relatively \n\npoor category (Arsyad, 2010). \n\nIn Indonesia poverty cannot be interpreted only as a result of low productivity of the \n\npoor or other internal causes. Poverty has existed since colonial times and cannot be \n\nseparated from the economic political order, both global and national, which provides less \n\nroom for the economic actors of the people who are generally poor. Poor population does not \n\nmean that the person does not have anything and is lazy to do something, but is an economic \n\nactor who is very active at work even though he has few assets, but still cannot get out of the \n\ncircle of poverty (Rintuh, 2005). \n\n \n\nPoverty Reduction Strategy \n\nPoverty in Indonesia has existed since the colonial era. However, poverty alleviation \n\nhas only been carried out by the New Order government since 1969 (Darwin, 2010). At that \n\ntime Dewey (1993) said that poverty alleviation programs were not yet a top priority. This", "start_char_idx": 6028, "end_char_idx": 8822, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "36a7cb49-d4a6-42e1-8d60-8d6d9a7a9169": {"__data__": {"id_": "36a7cb49-d4a6-42e1-8d60-8d6d9a7a9169", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "115913e9-508c-4c33-b084-6c3406ec9ef9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "7963d73c8bbdc310444863853e85ddf8f30ffd3143492f878d9a9d64511afa9f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "911a7db6-7775-4cc0-b5f3-822d2d761d82", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "bebbbe470290d7f484c5d282736e6615590b99afb8eebbf1bbc22e42acaeb8db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n53 \n \n\nhappens because the development strategy still relies on economic rehabilitation efforts, \n\nnamely controlling inflation rates, creating an investment climate, national stability, and \n\neconomic growth (trickle down effects strategy). \n\nThere are some weaknesses in the implementation of poverty reduction programs during the \n\nNew Order so that it is not possible to apply during the reform period. These weaknesses, \n\namong others are top down, get support by coercion, are more physically oriented, are \n\nhomogeneous and do not accommodate regional diversity, have not been integrated with \n\nmacroeconomic programs, do not prioritize the basic rights of the poor, and pay less attention \n\nto gender equality ( Darwin, 2010). \n\nIn this regard, a new national strategy for poverty alleviation is needed that is expected \n\nto provide a new orientation to all development programs at the center and in the regions so \n\nthat there is a synergy of development programs for poverty reduction. The underlying \n\nassumptions are high economic growth, all development programs must make a positive \n\ncontribution to poverty reduction; and in line with the basic rights of the poor, democracy, \n\ngood governance, environmental sustainability, and gender equality. \n\nAccording to Darwin, the strategy involved extending employment opportunities to the poor, \n\nboth men and women, by creating conditions and supporting economic, political and social \n\nconditions; empowering community institutions by strengthening social, political, and cultural \n\ninstitutions of society and expanding the participation of poor communities in decision making \n\nand public policies that guarantee respect, protection and fulfillment of basic rights; capacity \n\nbuilding by developing basic abilities and business abilities of the poor, both men and women, \n\nso that they can take advantage of environmental development; social protection by giving \n\nsecurity to women as heads of households, the poor, neglected children, elderly people and \n\npeople with disabilities; and rearrangement of international cooperation relations to support \n\nthe four strategies. \n\n \n\nCapacity for Access Utilization \n\nCapacity is a measure of the production capability of a facility per unit of time. Individual \n\ncapacity influences productivity through knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavior (Benardin \n\nand Russel, 1993). Capacity is the ability to do or complete a job or something else. While \n\naccess is defined as a way in, a way out, or a connection to something that causes someone \n\nto get out of the problem at hand. Capacity in the use of access can be interpreted as the \n\nability to use facilities as a way out of the poverty problem faced.", "start_char_idx": 8827, "end_char_idx": 11837, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "911a7db6-7775-4cc0-b5f3-822d2d761d82": {"__data__": {"id_": "911a7db6-7775-4cc0-b5f3-822d2d761d82", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "36a7cb49-d4a6-42e1-8d60-8d6d9a7a9169", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "b9276302f20d52d570f93975beedc2205a6abfefbaab7dcf2f16cbf252f57af5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "84a70935-fccc-40ef-87b1-420f0ee5101d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "355aff3949f64fb34c11d1773bac43a0bc211690875ee732e75c20af781cebc3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n54 \n \n\nAn individual's capacity basically includes being honest or trustworthy in words, actions \n\nand work, both towards oneself and towards others; responsible for the attitude and behavior \n\nto carry out its obligations as it should be done; discipline in behaving in an orderly manner \n\nand complying with the provisions of the applicable regulations; able to develop attitudes to \n\nwork together to obtain greater results; be fair to yourself and others; being concerned about \n\nthe environment; and have a vision for a better life in the future. The seven characteristics \n\nare believed to be able to deliver someone out of the problem of poverty faced (Hermawan, \n\n2010). \n\n \n\nSocio-Economic Status and Capacity \n\nSocioeconomic status is interpreted as income, which is the amount of money received \n\nby a person and company in the form of wages, wages, rent, interest, profit, unemployment \n\nbenefits, and others (Pass and Lowes, 1998). Household income, whether derived from labor \n\nservices or not is not important in the economy because all factors of production can generate \n\nincome. \n\nEconomic status as measured by the level of income affects the capacity of the population in \n\nutilizing access to basic needs, such as education, health, and others (Budiono, 1997). Low \n\neconomic status or low income is the reason someone is malnourished, sick, or is the cause \n\nof an individual's low capacity (Sen, 1999). \n\nLow income is determined by the relevant government policy, especially how fairly \n\nnational income is distributed to all citizens. The gap is high if the 40% of the lowest income \n\npopulation receives less than 12% of national income; the gap is moderate if 40% of the \n\nlowest income population receives 12 to 17% of national income. Specifically for Indonesia, \n\n40% of the lowest income population receives 19.5% of national income (Kuncoro, 2010). \n\n \n\nSocial Culture and Capacity \n\nOnly in an optimal environment, humans can develop well and only with good people \n\nthe environment will develop in an optimal direction (Soemarwoto, 1989. Socio-cultural \n\nenvironment is the atmosphere around, where we are, and the atmosphere can be in the form \n\nof patterns - life patterns that develop in society, such as thought patterns, attitudes, and \n\nbehavior patterns that create an atmosphere around individuals and society, the atmosphere \n\ncan have a positive and negative effect on the lives of individuals and society \n\n(Koentjaraninggrat, 1986).", "start_char_idx": 11842, "end_char_idx": 14611, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "84a70935-fccc-40ef-87b1-420f0ee5101d": {"__data__": {"id_": "84a70935-fccc-40ef-87b1-420f0ee5101d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "911a7db6-7775-4cc0-b5f3-822d2d761d82", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "712e2976326cb41f3dd78811fb1e6a7acc9c83c0930e7030d0044de01ec200c6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "446057fe-5025-4d8e-a4c3-a5a856fb01ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "079d81e1327540db801ee0ac31738e5504e97b153a93f69392a879c5549eb70f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n55 \n \n\nPoverty is not created by the poor themselves, but is caused by a socio-cultural \n\nenvironment that does not provide opportunities (Yunus, 2010). Poverty is created by systems \n\nand institutions that are designed with distorted assumptions and concepts. Yunus said that \n\neconomists have developed business theory on the assumption of rational principles. \n\nHumans are said to do nothing in economic life other than pursuing their own interests. \n\nOptimal results are achieved when everyone can pursue profits for themselves without \n\nobstacles. This view has resulted in investing money, time, energy, and other sources to \n\nsupport profit-oriented businesses. In addition, it is also believed to be a source of human \n\ncreativity and the only way to solve the problems of society. \n\nHumans have creativity, meaning that they are born not to suffer from hunger and \n\npoverty. Poverty is something that is made and something that is forced from the outside. \n\nTherefore, poverty can be eliminated if negative social and cultural environmental influences \n\ncan be eliminated (Soemarwoto, 1989). Socio-cultural environment influences development. \n\nThis influence is based on the argument that development is carried out by humans in certain \n\nsocio-cultural and economic conditions. However, in practice it is often ignored. \n\nSurokin (1959), Soekanto (2010) and Soemarwoto (1989), explain poverty in the \n\ndevelopment process as follows. Social stratification such as rich and poor groups is caused \n\nby gaps in the distribution of rights, obligations, responsibilities, and social values that are not \n\nin accordance with social reality. The subject of social problems is the striking difference \n\nbetween values and the real conditions of life. Artina cripples between people's assumptions \n\nabout what should happen and the reality that occurs in the association of life. This difference \n\nin reality is in accordance with the ecological proposition which states that when two \n\necosystems with different levels of development relate to one another, an asymmetrical \n\nexchange of material, energy and information occurs. Ecosystems that develop get greater \n\nbenefits from that relationship compared with less developed ecosystems (Soemarwoto, \n\n1989). \n\n \n\nInstitutional and Capacity \n\nThe purpose and objective of institutional formation is to solve the problem of meeting \n\nthe needs of the community. Therefore, the number and type of institutions formed according \n\nto the size and complexity of the needs of a society (Koentjaraninggrat, 1986). For example, \n\ninstitutions to meet the needs of kinship, economics, education, research, politics, a sense of \n\nbeauty, and institutions to meet the comfort of life (Gillin, 1954 and Nadel, 1953).", "start_char_idx": 14616, "end_char_idx": 17665, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "446057fe-5025-4d8e-a4c3-a5a856fb01ec": {"__data__": {"id_": "446057fe-5025-4d8e-a4c3-a5a856fb01ec", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "84a70935-fccc-40ef-87b1-420f0ee5101d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46537eaaa642566118f047b24334aca2cc77c2a3d3215fe7ca62d514c7cdd6be", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "579be270-f1ce-41c4-a2f8-8915f3aa1359", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "17bb5ebdfbf98fd0deeef8ffcdb2573fdef9d753bdd090194f230a70678e274d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n56 \n \n\nSpecifically to solve economic problems, institutions were formed with the aim of \n\nprotecting property rights, overcoming market failures and minimizing transaction costs, \n\nmacroeconomic stabilization, social protection for the underprivileged, and for conflict \n\nmanagement. These functions determine the welfare of the community (Rodrik, 2003). \n\nThe important role of institutions in influencing the economy is seen from three indicators. \n\nFirst, economists began to incorporate sociological, political, anthropological and \n\npsychological factors in their analyzes. Secondly, the government is recognized as very \n\nimportant in regulating the private sector so that it does not become oligopolistic, encourage \n\nand create a climate of cooperation between strong economic groups and weak economic \n\ngroups. Third, the government has the ability and authority to maintain this balance (Rintuh \n\nand Miar, 2005). \n\nNorth said that institutions are the most important element of economic achievement in \n\na country. This means that good geographical conditions, quality population, abundant natural \n\nresources, and adequate technology are only potentials for economic growth. In this case as \n\na potential, it cannot be a trigger for prosperity, unless it is guided by a good economic \n\ninstitutional system \n\nIn general, the institutional function is the regulation of specific behaviors that are generally \n\naccepted by members of social groups in special situations, both self-controlled and those \n\nsupervised by external authorities (Rutherford, 1994). Institutions reflect the value systems \n\nand norms of society, but values and norms are not institutional (Manig, 1991). Weaknesses \n\nin institutional functions can be the cause of deviant human behavior, detrimental to other \n\nparties in society, both politically, economically, and social structure (North, 1994). \n\n \n\nFramework of thinking \n\nBased on a theoretical study and research results, a framework can be drawn that illustrates \n\nthe clarity of the relationship of research concepts as shown in Figure 1. There are two models \n\nof thinking framework that can be built, namely the first model explains that the capacity of \n\nRTM (Y1) is influenced by socioeconomic status (X1), socio-cultural environment (X2) and \n\nregional poverty reduction institutions (X3). On the other hand the second model explains that \n\nthe accessibility of basic needs of RTM (Y2) is influenced by the capacity of RTM (Y1), \n\nsocioeconomic status, socio-cultural environment (X2) and regional poverty reduction \n\ninstitutions (X3). \n\n \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n57 \n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nMRTHODOLOGY \n\nThe research design used is concurrently embedded, which is a combination of \n\nquantitative and qualitative approaches to the same research problem (Creswell and Clark, \n\n2007). However, the more dominant approach used is the quantitative approach. This means \n\nthat the qualitative approach is used as a validation of quantitative research results. \n\nTherefore, the research problem follows the quantitative research problem formulation which \n\nimplies the formulation of the problem must be clear before the research is carried out \n\n(Cooper and Emory, 1996). \n\nThe research location was chosen based on several considerations. First, the number \n\nof poor households tends to increase, from 25,500 in 2009 to 26,000 in 2011. Second, the \n\nhuman development index during the period 2009 to 2011 has increased from 72.43 to 73.43. \n\n  \n\nAksesibilitas \nKebutuhan \n\nDasar RTM (Y2)\n\nStatus Sosial \nEkonomi RTM \n\n(X1)\n\nLingkungan \nSosial Budaya \n\nRTM (X2)\n\nKelembagaan \nPenanggulangan \n\nKemiskinan \nDaerah  (X3)\n\nKapasitas RTM \n(Y1)\n\nb1\n\nb2\nb\n\n5  \n\nb\n3  \n\nb 6  \n\nb4   b7   \n\nFigure 1: Conceptual Framework for the Research Model", "start_char_idx": 17670, "end_char_idx": 22007, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "579be270-f1ce-41c4-a2f8-8915f3aa1359": {"__data__": {"id_": "579be270-f1ce-41c4-a2f8-8915f3aa1359", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "446057fe-5025-4d8e-a4c3-a5a856fb01ec", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "972befd1e033253908d1a100d6415d9f7d7d3b37b7030d92e9119cbe3433af2b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3ba393a4-a21e-4191-8a75-52212c9d3489", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7bae6c306bbe31bcc4289598d12a441ca9c53d006b5b00ba6b03254ea3baf394", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n58 \n \n\nQuantitative and Qualitative Data \n\nThe initial step is to determine the population and sample. The population is the whole \n\nRTM recorded in 2011 by BPS in the Regency of Gianyar, namely 24,026 RTM spread across \n\nseven sub-districts and in seventy villages. The sample is a part of the population, selected \n\nwith certain procedures and considerations so that it represents the population. Sample \n\nselection is based on the principle of representation, homogeneity, and the principle of \n\nprecision. Samples taken from each sub-district were represented by two villages coming \n\nfrom one urban or urban village and one rural or rural village. Homogeneity can be seen from \n\nthe socioeconomic status, capacity, social culture, and institutions with the same relative \n\ncharacteristics. Social research precision is considered good, which ranges from 1% to 10% \n\nwith a critical point of 5% (Sarwono, 2010). In this way the study population became 7,646 \n\nRTM. By using the Slovin formula the number of samples is 400 RTM. \n\nn  = \n       N \n\n \n1 + n.e2 \n\n \n\n  Information: \n\n  n =  sample size \n\n  N =  population number = 7.646 RTM \n\n  e =  critical point 5 percent or 0,05 \n\n \n\n  Calculation \n\nn  = \n       7.646 \n\n= 380,11 (rounded off 400) \n1 + 7.646 (0,05)2 \n\n \n\nSamples were selected by systematic sampling technique, random in the first selection then \n\ncontinued according to the magnitude of the interval (the interval is the population divided by \n\nthe sample, which is 7,646 / 400 = 19). \n\nData collection techniques using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group \n\ndiscussions, and observations. The questionnaire uses a closed list of questions including \n\nthe thoughts, feelings, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions, personality, and behavior of \n\nrespondents. In-depth interviews were conducted with key informants, both structured and \n\nunstructured, face-to-face, and / or by telephone if conditions were favorable. The focus group \n\ndiscussion involved key informants consisting of elements of village community development", "start_char_idx": 22015, "end_char_idx": 24367, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3ba393a4-a21e-4191-8a75-52212c9d3489": {"__data__": {"id_": "3ba393a4-a21e-4191-8a75-52212c9d3489", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "579be270-f1ce-41c4-a2f8-8915f3aa1359", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "62bfd703f3744338b742db2e12a93cacb36597b55621b7341c3e833446c139e7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "15ef9517-7c69-4da0-a0b7-74e825da09f7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f53df9b12f8d155c9b82940d5a96965fbcacedbbd9ba3a7a5af85b201ec3cb83", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n59 \n \n\ncadres (KPMD), village heads, Setrawan and sub-district facilitators, Setrawan and district \n\nfacilitators, the Inter-Village Cooperation Agency (BKAD), the Regional Work Unit Work Unit \n\n(SKPD), elements of the DPRD, and the Head of the Village Community Empowerment \n\nDivision (BPMD) at the Gianyar Regency Village Community Empowerment Agency, and \n\ntraditional / religious leaders. Observations were made using the senses and assistive \n\ndevices in the form of cameras, stationery, voice recorders and pictures (camcorders). \n\nHowever, researchers are not directly involved in the activity of research subjects. \n\nData Analysis Technique \n\nThe analysis technique used is descriptive analysis techniques, general structural \n\ncomponents anaysis (GsCA) and qualitative analysis techniques. Descriptive analysis is \n\nused to produce categories for respondents' answers. The GsCA analysis is used to \n\nevaluate whether the structural model shows goodness of fit and the overall or averall \n\nmodel. Qualitative analysis techniques are used to analyze qualitative data in order to \n\nvalidate quantitative research results. \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\n By doing bootsrapping obtained the statistical value t (t-statistic) and the standard \n\ndeviation of each estimator to determine the significance of the estimator of the model \n\nparameters. Ho is accepted if CR counts \u2264 1,645 and Ho is rejected if CR \u2265 1,645 at alpha \n\n0.05. Based on the parameters in Table 1 and the feasibility test of the model in averall \n\nmodels, hypothesis testing and discussion of research results can be done. \n\n \nTable 1 \n\nThe Whole Goodness of Fit Model Analysis Result \n\nNo. Variable \nKoefisien Jalur Antarkonstruk Laten \n\nRemark \nEstimation SE t  Tabel CR \n\n(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) \n1. X1 \uf0ae Y1 0.192 0.059 1.645 3.27* Significant \n2. X2 \uf0ae Y1 0.316 0.046 1.645 6.92* Significant \n3. X3 \uf0ae Y1 0.059 0.053 1.645 1.1  Not Sig. \n4. X1 \uf0ae Y2 0.346 0.066 1.645 5.24* Significant \n5. X2 \uf0ae Y2      -0.143 0.058 1.645 2.48* Significant \n6. X3 \uf0ae Y2 0.140 0.053 1.645 2.63* Significant \n7. Y1 \uf0ae Y2 0.043 0.049 1.645 0.88   Not Sig.. \n\nSource: Structural Result Model GsCA. CR* Significant at. Level: 1.645.", "start_char_idx": 24372, "end_char_idx": 26837, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "15ef9517-7c69-4da0-a0b7-74e825da09f7": {"__data__": {"id_": "15ef9517-7c69-4da0-a0b7-74e825da09f7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3ba393a4-a21e-4191-8a75-52212c9d3489", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "a5270c8eaedc7f92537a3dbb223f0744e2b7d8ba49d1e33d716a1c8c4f534c93", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "aabf719b-d1bf-42b1-b377-02e1fbd6a3f5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a6c0d84a174c61e70358996383e8d3ded9358954567cd40090b3e6ce4247b768", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n60 \n \n\n1. Direct and Indirect Effects of Socio-Economic Status on Accessibility to Basic \n\nNeeds of RTM \n\nThe direct effect of the socioeconomic status variable on the accessibility variable \n\nshows a path coefficient of 0.346 and a CR value of 5.24 is greater than the value of t table \n\n1.645 at alpha 0.05. It means that the socioeconomic status variable has a positive and \n\nsignificant effect on the accessibility of basic needs. Increasing socioeconomic status \n\nincreases the accessibility of basic RTM needs. The results of the analysis of means scores \n\nof latent socioeconomic status of 2,894 and accessibility of 2,490 mean that the positive and \n\nsignificant relationship of socioeconomic status with accessibility takes place at an equally \n\nlow level. \n\nIndirectly, socioeconomic status through capacity has a positive effect, but not \n\nsignificantly to the accessibility of basic RTM needs. The results showed the path coefficient \n\nof 2.856 was smaller than the value of \u03c72 \u2265 3.841 at alpha 0.05. The capacity of poor \n\nhouseholds functions to strengthen the influence of socioeconomic status with the \n\naccessibility of basic RTM needs. This finding shows that in an effort to fight poverty and \n\nhunger active RTM participation is needed. \n\nThe socioeconomic status of the poor is low due to inadequate ownership of production \n\nfactors (61.25% owning land \u2264 10 acres) while their livelihoods are farmers and farm laborers \n\n(40.5%). Therefore, methods that focus on agricultural businesses in the broadest sense are \n\nnot effective at increasing socioeconomic status. This finding shows that other efforts \n\n(innovation) are needed to increase the income of the poor besides agriculture. \n\n \n\n2. Direct and Indirect Effects of Socio-Cultural Environment on Accessibility to \n\nBasic Needs of RTM \n\nThe direct influence of the socio-cultural environment on accessibility shows a path \n\ncoefficient of -0.143 and a CR value of 2.48 is greater than the value of t table 1.645 alpha \n\n0.05. It means that the socio-cultural environment has a negative and significant effect on the \n\naccessibility of basic needs. The more negative the socio-cultural environment, the \n\ndecreasing accessibility. Means scores of latent socio-cultural environment 3,286 greater \n\nthan means scores of latent accessibility to basic needs 2,490. This means that the influence \n\nof the socio-cultural environment is more dominant than the capacity on the accessibility of \n\nbasic needs. This finding implies that in the effort to combat poverty and hunger, socio-cultural", "start_char_idx": 26844, "end_char_idx": 29698, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "aabf719b-d1bf-42b1-b377-02e1fbd6a3f5": {"__data__": {"id_": "aabf719b-d1bf-42b1-b377-02e1fbd6a3f5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "15ef9517-7c69-4da0-a0b7-74e825da09f7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "2bd2106f9298ba85f9b50abb3c21b9767fae680c99e6d1bb9037e8ad69d6b73a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cd2e4dd1-6155-4e65-a7d6-9e21a4064ab4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "dafae97ef716d42248aea5d3a1c3b2d5782d89bd9bbb0c0e0786ac86c5ce0919", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n61 \n \n\napproaches are needed. In-depth interviews with the question why the socio-cultural \n\nenvironment negatively affects the accessibility of basic needs can be presented as below. \n\n \n\n\".... Since there was assistance from RASKIN, I, as a village official, found it difficult \n\nbecause there were residents who were not included as poor protesters. Finally, \n\nthrough an RASKIN assistance meeting, it was agreed to be shared equally by fellow \n\ncitizens. The assistance is indeed for the less fortunate, but I cannot do anything ... \n\n\"(Widiarsa, Saturday, October 6, 2012). \n\n \n\nIndirectly, the socio-cultural environment through capacity has a positive and significant effect \n\non the accessibility of basic needs. The results showed the path coefficient of 6.028 was \n\ngreater than the value of \u03c72 \u2265 3.841 at alpha 0.05. This means that if the socio-cultural \n\nenvironment synergizes with the poor, the accessibility ability of the poor increases \n\nsignificantly (pure mediation) in accordance with the social theory put forward by Yunus \n\n(2008), Surokin (1959), Gillin and Gillin (1964), which in essence said that poverty is caused \n\nby social interactions that are dissociative in terms of values, customs, traditions and \n\nideologies. \n\n \n\n3. Direct and Indirect Effects of Institutional Poverty Reduction on Accessibility to \n\nBasic Needs \n\nThe direct influence of institutions on the accessibility of basic needs is positive and \n\nsignificant. The results showed a path coefficient of 0.140 and a CR value of 2.63 was greater \n\nthan the value of t table 1.645 at alpha 0.05. This means that as the role of institutions \n\nincreases, the accessibility of basic needs increases. Means institutional score of latent 2,226 \n\nis smaller than means scores of latent accessibility of 2,490. This means that the positive and \n\nsignificant relationship takes place at an equally low level. \n\nThese findings indicate that in an effort to combat poverty and hunger the role of institutions \n\nneeds to be optimized according to the New Institutions Economic theory (Rodrik, 2000 and \n\nNorth, 1994). In essence, the theory says that institutions have a positive and significant effect \n\non a country's economic performance. \n\nIndirectly, institutional capacity through accessibility shows a path coefficient of 0.997 which \n\nis smaller than the value of \u03c72 \u2265 3.841 at alpha 0.05. This means that the institution has a \n\npositive effect, but not significantly to the accessibility of basic needs. The results of this test", "start_char_idx": 29703, "end_char_idx": 32514, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cd2e4dd1-6155-4e65-a7d6-9e21a4064ab4": {"__data__": {"id_": "cd2e4dd1-6155-4e65-a7d6-9e21a4064ab4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "aabf719b-d1bf-42b1-b377-02e1fbd6a3f5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "36be81f6869b272f30b01dfa40848312f89e1098911f90d57a6685094df557c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b1ed07ac-513b-4f5d-b485-b4b4ff858a46", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c7bca39158cc73edbe4658c098dccea8693b2cec9c879aca3961d38c5efdfad4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n62 \n \n\nindicate that institutional performance is indeed not optimal in accordance with the \n\nexplanation of key informants as presented below. \n\n \n\n\"... how is it that TKPKD can alleviate poverty, if indirect spending reaches 70 percent \n\nwhile the Social Service allocation fund is very small. Imagine for 6 years (2005-2011), \n\nthe new TKPKD could reduce the number of RTM by 935. So to alleviate the number \n\nof RTM figures of 7,629 RTM took 42 more years, this was really slow. We admit that \n\nTKPKD's performance was not optimal (Arjawa, Chair of Commission D Thursday, \n\nNovember 14, 2013). \n\n \n\n4. The direct effect of capacity on the accessibility of basic needs \n\nThe direct effect of capacity on the accessibility of basic needs shows a path coefficient \n\nof 0.043 and a CR value of 0.88 smaller than the value of t table 1.645 at alpha 0.05. The \n\nresults of this test indicate that the capacity has a positive effect, but not significantly to the \n\naccessibility of basic needs. Means score of latent capacity is 3,407 greater than means \n\nscores of latent accessibility of 2,490. This means that good RTM capacity does not \n\nguarantee good accessibility. This is caused by the influence of negative social and cultural \n\nenvironment of -0.143. This finding shows that in the effort to fight poverty and hunger, social \n\nand cultural factors such as Soemarwotto (1989) and Yunus (2010) need to be considered. \n\nSoemarwotto said that when two different ecosystems in their level of development interact \n\nwith each other there is an exchange of energy, matter, and information between the two. \n\nHowever, this flow of exchange always benefits a developing ecosystem. Likewise the \n\nproblem of poverty as said by Yunus that poverty is not created by the poor themselves, but \n\nis caused by interactions with negative social and cultural environment. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION \n\nBased on the results of descriptive, quantitative, and various types of testing (GsCA) \n\nand validated discussions with qualitative research results, the conclusions of the research \n\nresults are as follows. \n\n1) The socio-cultural environment has a positive and significant impact on the capacity of \n\nthe poor on one side. However, on the other hand the socio-cultural environment has a \n\nnegative and significant effect on the accessibility of basic needs of RTM.", "start_char_idx": 32519, "end_char_idx": 35170, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b1ed07ac-513b-4f5d-b485-b4b4ff858a46": {"__data__": {"id_": "b1ed07ac-513b-4f5d-b485-b4b4ff858a46", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cd2e4dd1-6155-4e65-a7d6-9e21a4064ab4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "61f783bf488b6fbe81fa5b28290ff89a24690d4cc3e1eae9b5b66ec7de008ee8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "490bd4bc-4df6-457d-870a-c860cb24f506", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "814b77f38b801cfd49c543c0eca150cac07917b21f8c2c2b199e10a2b5e2b011", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n63 \n \n\n2) The capacity of the poor mediates positively the socioeconomic influence, socio-cultural \n\nenvironment, and institutional influences on the accessibility of basic needs. \n\n3) Regional poverty reduction institutions have a positive and significant impact on the \n\naccessibility of basic needs. On the other hand, on the other hand, it has a positive effect, \n\nbut it is not significant to increase the capacity of the poor population. \n\n4) Socioeconomic status has a dominant influence on the accessibility of basic needs of \n\npoor households. \n\nBased on the research problem, the results of the analysis, discussion, research \n\nfindings, and conclusions, it can be suggested to the Regent of Gianyar as the Coordinator \n\nof the Regional Poverty Reduction Coordination Team that in the effort to fight poverty and \n\nhunger, the following things need to be considered. \n\n1) The condition of the socio-cultural environment needs more attention and synergy with \n\nthe efforts of local governments in the context of combating poverty and hunger through \n\npolicy socialization and writing of customary law (awig-awig). \n\n2) The capacity of the poor needs to be improved continuously through socio-economic, \n\nsocio-cultural and accountable institutional approaches to ensure the accessibility of \n\nthe basic needs of the poor increases. \n\n3) Professionalism and competency of the apparatus in the field of regional poverty \n\nreduction institutions need to be further improved through education and training to \n\nensure the implementation of poverty reduction programs and activities on target. \n\n4) Improvement of socioeconomic status can be done by training, assistance, utilization \n\nof productive business credit facilities, and direct cash assistance on target. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nAcemoglu, Daron. 2003. \u201cRoot Causes: A Historical Approach to Assessing the Role of \nIntitution in Economic Development\u201d. 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Aachen.", "start_char_idx": 37828, "end_char_idx": 40323, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8b0209b0-34ad-4181-a19c-1a19f891ffed": {"__data__": {"id_": "8b0209b0-34ad-4181-a19c-1a19f891ffed", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-58548", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "46e5b5440df7e8f5f68dc35ad4708b38f2819ec906bf379a61a644978a79c361", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "490bd4bc-4df6-457d-870a-c860cb24f506", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "9ecb52d7cff6ca09bd5e4b9bbab152314833ccd525cf46d885696209d715005d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c5f6137e-4580-462a-89b8-e787fce89287", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4f63310c65a6edfd487940b6b40a63e035cfe134654898d7c4f09b3284cc28d6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Nov 2019 Vol. 12, Number 4, Page 50-65   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n65 \n \n\nNorth, Douglass C. 1994. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. \nPublished by The Press Syndicate of The Cambridge University.  \n\nRodrik, Dani and Arvind Subramanian. 2003. \u201cThe Primacy of Institutions (and What This \nDoes Not Mean)\u201d. Finance and Development. Vol. 40, No. 2 June. \n\nRutherford, Malcolm. 1994. Institutions in Economic: The Old and the New Institutionalism. \nCambridge: Cambridge University Press.   \n\nSen, Amartya. 1999. \u201cDemocracy as a Universal Value\u201d. Copyright National Endo-werment \nfor Democracy and the Johns Hopkins Iniversity Press. All right reserved. Journal of \nDemocracy 10.3 (1999) 3-17. \n\nSorokin, Pitirim A. 1959. Contemporary Sociological Theories. New York: Haper & Row.  \n\n --------.1999. Development as Freedom. First Anchor Books Edition. Augustus 2000. Printed \nin the United States of America 10987.   \n\nYeager, Timothy J. 1999. Institutions, Transition Economic, and Economic Development. \nPolitical Economy of Global Interdependence. Oxford. Yustika, Ahmad Erani, 2000. \nIndustrialisasi Pinggiran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.  \n\nYunus, Muhamad. 2008. Menciptakan Dunia Tanpa Kemiskinan.  Jakarta: Penerbit PT \nGramedia. \n\n---------.2010. Bisnis Sosial Sistem Kapitalisme Baru yang Memihak Kaum Miskin.  Penerbit: \nPT Gramedia Putaka Utama, Jakarta. \n\nZamroni. 2010. Akses Pendidikan dan Kesehatan bagi Penduduk Miskin. Jogyakarta: Pusat \nStudi Kependudukan dan Kebijakan Universitas Gajah Mada.", "start_char_idx": 40328, "end_char_idx": 42085, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c5f6137e-4580-462a-89b8-e787fce89287": {"__data__": {"id_": "c5f6137e-4580-462a-89b8-e787fce89287", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60582", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "04141c4d194a18aa6ba5eb7a1bcc2c9ecf959fcd1c0cfefe0d108ee0efe950a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "8b0209b0-34ad-4181-a19c-1a19f891ffed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-58548", "author": "Tingkes, I Nyoman", "title": " ANALYSIS OF BASIC NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY POOR HOUSEHOLD IN DISTRICT GIANYAR", "date": "2019-11-30", "file": "ecs-58548.pdf"}, "hash": "1332f4a898574311bd18051591de581cca566c47011008d69a46e701e1858676", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "03445a48-3082-43ee-b8df-55bc8d7ad14d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0cbd244cdabe2958498f25da85aaa3126630fb23185e49ce1347d2f69888e308", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Sri Ratnawati 1\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n1 \n \n\nCHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND  \nTRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION \n\n \n\nSri Ratnawati \n \n\nErlangga University Faculty of Arts \n \n\nemail: sri-r@fib.uniar.ac.id \n \n\nReceived Date : 08-09-2019 \nAccepted Date : 21-12-2019 \nPublished Date : 29-02-2020 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\nCompounding herbal medicine that lives in modern times does not automatically release the \ntraditional cultural values that have become a hereditary convention, which includes the value \nof folklore as a spirit of life. They continue to make new innovations to adjust to their times. \nInnovation does not mean eliminating traditional values, but through traditional change \nbegins. This is done not by setting aside traditional systems that have taken root for decades, \nbut instead by using cultural thinking and traditional values tools to direct the vision, mission \nof Madura herbal medicine from the past to the future. The herbalist of Madura herbal \nmedicine as an agent who sees the importance of putting Madurese cultural values on every \npractice of making Madura herbal medicine. Local cultural values, such as genealogy, oral \ntransmissions and folklore values have long given a color to Madura herbal medicine. This \nmeans, that the practice of making Madura herbal medicine, is one of the potential local \nwisdom traditions for the preservation of regional cultural identity in Indonesia. \n \nKeywords: herbal medicine, herbalist, local wisdom, transmission of values, cultural \npreservation  \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION  \n\nAn herbalist is someone who has expertise in concocting various herbs as a legacy \n\nof the Indonesian people related to the health system based on medical plants (Shah et al, \n\n2019: 2). An herbal medicine mixer must be good at recognizing plants that have aromatic \n\ncontent (Farhan, 2018: 757) which are learned from his grandparents for generations. Peracik \n\nMadura until now has not been accustomed to finding sources of knowledge of medicinal \n\nplants from reading sources but is still dependent on the references of parents. \n\nMadura herbal medicine mixers generally still follow their parents who are also herbal \n\nmedicine mixers. From generation to generation in making herbs, they imitate from parents, \n\nso herbs produced from year to year tend not to experience significant changes. This \n\ntendency to imitate is a strategy that deliberately instilled parents to young compounding \n\ngenerations so that their local cultural values persist in the present. Since the beginning of", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2872, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "03445a48-3082-43ee-b8df-55bc8d7ad14d": {"__data__": {"id_": "03445a48-3082-43ee-b8df-55bc8d7ad14d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60582", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "04141c4d194a18aa6ba5eb7a1bcc2c9ecf959fcd1c0cfefe0d108ee0efe950a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c5f6137e-4580-462a-89b8-e787fce89287", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "6a3f5206182ea27f306f7a5ec00600c4fca11cc8c7a6e21d47422fad5521cb06", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "28041a08-91c0-4169-8528-56920f67f6c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "db5594108bd53d09df151983c35987bea63ef9b63ac30e945093d6d47da38fc1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n2 \n \n\nlearning to become herbal concoctors, parents provide direction to focus on making herbal \n\nmedicine for the treatment of sexual organs. This type of herbal medicine is not just fulfilling \n\nthe needs of its citizens for a healthy life, but there is a demand of patriarchal culture that \n\npressures women to \"serve\" their husbands. Furthermore, the herbal medicine was given the \n\nname rapet, empot-empot, Paka 'fragrant. All the names of these herbs metaphorically \n\nexpress the strength, might of Madurese women \n\nA strong herbal medicine is the identity or identity of Madurese women. Therefore, \n\nevery compounder has a desire to maintain that identity at any time. Although other mixers \n\nmake herbs with a modern twist, local Madura mixers still maintain the tradition of classical \n\ncultural elements, that is, each Madura herbalist mixers will give the names of the same herbs \n\nas their predecessors. They have an internal desire to maintain their local values rooted in \n\nthe elements of their folklore identity. Like the name of a powerful herbal medicine, which was \n\nadapted from the character Joko Tole in Babad Sungenep. The figure gave positive energy \n\nto the local concoctors to make medicinal herbs of strength that later became the identity of \n\nthe Madura herbalist. The naming formed the Madura culture. The term culture is that which \n\ngives the main characteristics of the Madurese population who are now forming herbal \n\nconcoctions to equip themselves with knowledge about traditional herbal-based herbal \n\nconcoctions, so as to show differences with other traditional herbs in Indonesia. \n\nInterestingly, herbal medicine mixers in Madura that exist today in the 21st century \n\nseem far from the world of technology. Inevitably he will be dealing with modern mixers who \n\nuse technology while inevitably becoming a problem in itself for traditional technology-blind \n\nmixers. The presence of modern mixers supported by human resources (HR) and capital \n\ninfluences the standardized herbal medicine products according to Department of Health \n\nstandards, while traditional mixers are not. Compound traditional herbal medicine to process \n\ningredients manually so that the results are not standardized. Even though the Madurese did \n\nnot hesitate to consume it, they even preferred herbal medicine made by local mixers rather \n\nthan buying factory-made herbal medicine. \n\nThe term traditional cultural preservation in Madura herbalism is only a concept that \n\ngives the main characteristics of herbal medicine mixers in Madura, which still maintains \n\ngenealogy, oral transmission, which then forms cultural identity.", "start_char_idx": 2877, "end_char_idx": 5815, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "28041a08-91c0-4169-8528-56920f67f6c9": {"__data__": {"id_": "28041a08-91c0-4169-8528-56920f67f6c9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60582", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "04141c4d194a18aa6ba5eb7a1bcc2c9ecf959fcd1c0cfefe0d108ee0efe950a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "03445a48-3082-43ee-b8df-55bc8d7ad14d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "ab27a858ebc867fbc1ffbb92a3a66e3f7f0609a539b39ed1e44686c362b93c94", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d2b7afcd-bbdc-49c8-9bf3-906929280c54", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "183f7ddf57074271ef821c14c392af47a0b71b41c07f10cab896476bb7f9058a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n3 \n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nThis research was conducted in the Pamekasan area of Madura in 2016. This study \n\nused a qualitative method, with data collection techniques through interviews and \n\nobservations. Interviews were conducted with informants as herbal medicine mixers who had \n\nknowledge of funding plants and how to mix herbs that lived in Pamekasan, with a variety of \n\nexpertise and how to make their herbs. The number of informants interviewed as many as 10 \n\npeople, all women with characteristics, that can speak Madura well, master the ins and outs \n\nof compounding herbal medicine for at least 5 years as well as selling herbal medicine, and \n\naged over 18 years. \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\n1. Characteristics of Traditional Herbal Compounders \n\nPeople who are good at concocting various plants into herbs are called peracik or an \n\nherbalist. A Madura herbalist sometimes concurrently works as a shaman (Jordan, 1985: \n\n116). According to the World Healt Organization (2013: 1-15), traditional herbal medicine \n\nmixers or can be called traditional healers, namely the knowledge, skills and practice based \n\non theories, indigenious beliefs and experiences to differents cultures, used in the \n\nmaintenance of healty and in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement, or treatment of \n\npsycically and mental illness. It comes from all walks of life that the expertise of gathering is \n\nobtained based on discovery or covered (Beers, 2000: 115). This discovery by a group of \n\npeople became known as the ethnomedical knowledge of indigenous comnunities (Pivathra, \n\n2018: 142). \n\nA traditional Madura herbalist is demanded to be able to support himself \n\nautonomously and independently. Therefore, he will market his products directly to \n\nconsumers by being sold around the village, or sold in the stalls in front of his house. Most \n\nlocal people buy herbs from herbal vendors to maintain their health and to overcome their \n\nillnesses. \n\nBased on interviews with herbal medicine mixers in Madura and observations while in \n\nthe field obtained data on the characteristics of herbal medicine mixers, namely: according to \n\nthe marital status, all stated that they were married. In terms of age or age, all informants \n\naged over 40 years, with details, 41-46 years old 3 people (30%), aged 47-53 years as many \n\nas 6 people (60%), and aged 54-59 years only 1 person (10%). Judging from their level of \n\neducation, there are 4 elementary schools (40%), 3 junior high schools (30%), and 1 person", "start_char_idx": 5827, "end_char_idx": 8623, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d2b7afcd-bbdc-49c8-9bf3-906929280c54": {"__data__": {"id_": "d2b7afcd-bbdc-49c8-9bf3-906929280c54", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60582", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "04141c4d194a18aa6ba5eb7a1bcc2c9ecf959fcd1c0cfefe0d108ee0efe950a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "28041a08-91c0-4169-8528-56920f67f6c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "11711405de54a879fe4749a0b0426a97b4e281f7fc62b59c3a165cfdb1795d76", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5094e166-1e32-4ee5-a3a0-1e16eeafcd75", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "897d0d13911e26319611f45c39a3b9d62401d2e64a1644d40ef112e9c374e033", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n4 \n \n\nhigh school education (10%). Judging from the source of knowledge about herbal \n\ncompounding, 9 parents (90%), and 1 person (10%) stated that the source of their knowledge \n\nwas obtained from other people. With this data condition, it is clear that the transmission of \n\nknowledge and practice of making herbal medicine has been carried out traditionally from \n\ngeneration to generation. \n\nFrom the above data, it can be explained that the condition of herbal medicine mixers \n\nis as follows: First, in general, compounding is dominated by women who are over 40 years \n\nold and are married. The dominance of women as herbal medicine mixers is inseparable from \n\nthe education of the gendery which starts at home, so that it has a direct impact on the \n\npresence of herbal medicine mixers who are generally female. Mixing herbal medicine is \n\nequated with cooking, which requires patience, accuracy and patience which has been \n\nperceived as women's work. Such behavior is actually more on steriotypes (Fakih, 2016: 13) \n\nwhich are influenced by local culture. \n\nSecondly, human resources are still low. The level of herbal medicine education is still \n\nlow, generally only graduates of junior high school level. Low education and old age become \n\nobstacles in developing Madura herbal recipe in the future. This regeneration did not run \n\nsmoothly because many people changed professions. The presumption of herbal medicine \n\nchildren views that their mother's profession is very low, less prestigious, provides less \n\neconomic prosperity, becomes a regeneration habit, and this condition continues from year \n\nto year. \n\nThird, 90% of knowledge sources say that if knowledge is obtained by learning from \n\nits parents. They are old products formed by their parents. The world of traditional herbal \n\nmedicine mixers in Pamekasan still defines geneology. The willingness to become a herbal \n\nmedicine mix only comes from one's own motivation and initiative to learn from parents. In \n\nthis case parents become facilitators, experience becomes an important element in the \n\nprocess of teaching and prescribing herbal medicine. Usually parents (herbal concoctors) will \n\neach process to make herbal medicine always invites their children to help, so that without \n\nrealizing the child will understand it by itself. \n\nSources of knowledge 90 percent comes from parents. knowledge transformation \n\nsystem that is carried out is still using and influenced by inherited factors, especially regarding \n\nthe method of knowledge transfer still using verbal transmission. Oral transmission systems \n\nare recognized as having many positive and ideal values in maintaining the \"heritage\" of \n\ntraditional herbal medicine compounding culture. In addition, there is a negative value where", "start_char_idx": 8628, "end_char_idx": 11699, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5094e166-1e32-4ee5-a3a0-1e16eeafcd75": {"__data__": {"id_": "5094e166-1e32-4ee5-a3a0-1e16eeafcd75", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60582", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "04141c4d194a18aa6ba5eb7a1bcc2c9ecf959fcd1c0cfefe0d108ee0efe950a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d2b7afcd-bbdc-49c8-9bf3-906929280c54", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "3d36a94bfc7be2249235bbf435e0b2c60b2f3b818c73529f25cda50f56c15a25", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "eb049368-77d7-4fb6-acb3-d053c5d8ae0e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9139dfbbc90e32682358597a5f53b07658ef786379a5155be62679c23baaf884", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n5 \n \n\nthe old way which is applied in modern times, will experience the problem of submission to a \n\nmodern authority that has penetrated the entire social structure and intellectual development, \n\nherbalists to maintain their existence \n\n \n\n2. Elements of Local Culture Retention \n\nConceptually, defense can be formulated as a strategy to maintain local cultural \n\nidentity and adapt to changes in the environment or new culture. Compounders cannot deny \n\nwhat else they reject the new culture, on the contrary it must be able to integrate it, so that \n\nlocal culture continues to live in harmony with modern culture. Maintaining local cultural \n\nvalues in Madura herbal medicine as an effort to provide a distinctive identity that is different \n\nfrom other traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia. \n\nThe preservation of local cultural elements in Madura herbalism should see local \n\nculture as a living organic object. That is, culture must be seen as a building created by the \n\nancestors who lived, developed and managed its supporters. Like the value of genealogy, \n\nthe value of Joko Tole's folklore. These values are not dead, but still live in the soul of the \n\ncompound. These values are elements of living organic culture, such as a human body that \n\nis resistant to disease. Humans will fall ill if they do not drink herbal medicine. Body endurance \n\nwill be reduced and easily fall ill. Trust in herbal medicine is not only usually da \n\n \n\n3. Genealogy \n\nThe genealogy system is a part of the existence of traditional herbal medicine mixers \n\nin Indonesia which must be placed as part of the dynamics of social change rather than \n\noutside of social dynamics. In KBI (2012: 439) genealogy, namely human bloodlines in blood \n\nrelatives. In another sense, genealogy or nasab science is a branch of science that studies a \n\nperson's bloodline and family history (Fikri, 2019: 2). Genealogy that takes place in the \n\ncompound family is supported by the condition of the family condition in Indonesia, generally \n\nacting nepotism, which is to prioritize the interests of family or relatives, even close friends. \n\nTherefore, becoming a perura Madura herbalist. \n\nGenealogy in the compound family is nothing but to maintain legitimacy (Foucault, \n\n1976: 321) as a family of herbal medicine for generations. Even if a compounder is found that \n\nis not from the compounder's family, it can be ascertained that the person is doing an \n\napprenticeship or becoming a medicinal compound helper for years, so that the knowledge \n\ngained from an old compounder can be practiced by opening his own herbal stall.", "start_char_idx": 11704, "end_char_idx": 14604, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "eb049368-77d7-4fb6-acb3-d053c5d8ae0e": {"__data__": {"id_": "eb049368-77d7-4fb6-acb3-d053c5d8ae0e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60582", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "04141c4d194a18aa6ba5eb7a1bcc2c9ecf959fcd1c0cfefe0d108ee0efe950a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5094e166-1e32-4ee5-a3a0-1e16eeafcd75", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "de5a319097dce55cd969252a6cbec28b5046b52a544ff4376d6ccc3b562cf396", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2b952cbe-d296-497b-befa-c27510707643", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c9923ee8e082e765bdb8bb16961cd9949c0d06cf5751d602ce8fd51214c374c9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n6 \n \n\nIn contrast to modern concoctors who develop herbal recipes are professionalism. It \n\nis certain that the grandchildren who run the family herbal medicine business are based on \n\ntheir intellectual abilities not because of inheritance. These modern mixers will integrate \n\ntraditional values with a touch of modern technology, so that the appearance as a traditional \n\nherbal medicine is not visible. \n\n \n\n4. Oral Transmission \n\nThe Madurese community environment was built up by indigenous scientific research \n\nin the form of symbolic messages, customs and socio-culture that had not been formalized, \n\n(Van Sina, 2014: 11), so that in explaining herbal recipes, verbally explained. The use of oral \n\ntransmissions in reducing herbal recipes for their children and grandchildren, is not because \n\nthey cannot read and write. However, oral transmission becomes part of the daily activities of \n\nthe Madurese community. According to the explanation from the informant, that maintaining \n\noral transmission related to making herbal recipes is one of the ways to maintain the \n\nconfidentiality of herbal formulas that had been made by his grandparents first. Oral \n\ntransmission is another form of verbal communication that contains a corpus of knowledge \n\nconsisting of knowledge that has been stored in memory (Radjudurai, 2009: 39). Maintaining \n\ncollective memory is very important in the context of orality, because memory as a resource \n\nto maintain awareness of collective identity (collective identity) from generation to generation \n\ntoday. The still running oral transmission system when passing down herbal recipes \n\nprescribes as one of their submission and hierarchical obedience to the figure of parents \n\nbased on the principle of the form of 'babu' ghuru rato (Adib, 2011: 116). Madurese are the \n\nmain figures that the hierarchical obedience of Madurese people manifests the nature of their \n\nsocio-cultural life (Wiyata, 2003). \n\nDoctrinal teachings, the rules of various types of herbal medicine that are given by \n\nmixers become the framework of historical references for the next heir. The role of herbal \n\nmedicine mixers in providing Madurayang herbalism identity has been a historical legacy of \n\nhis ancestors. Although the inheritance of his heir is no longer a contemporary of him, but \n\nthey can still understand the elements taught by his grandparents. Therefore, they have the \n\nsame cultural values and beliefs, so the values represent the past in the present. Evident \n\nfrom the names of the same herbal medicine that has not changed since then until now.", "start_char_idx": 14609, "end_char_idx": 17491, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2b952cbe-d296-497b-befa-c27510707643": {"__data__": {"id_": "2b952cbe-d296-497b-befa-c27510707643", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60582", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "04141c4d194a18aa6ba5eb7a1bcc2c9ecf959fcd1c0cfefe0d108ee0efe950a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "eb049368-77d7-4fb6-acb3-d053c5d8ae0e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "bef8e51a43a6ac9dea0474d7801ed4a4d7cab3bdeaeeb86435b73b9024fed53c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "24080c6c-4202-4356-ae91-972b476e98dc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cd3a4e110d609a3930d2188e900747f48d1bc0b2599fe70ece748a582c574f4d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n7 \n \n\n \n\n5. Value of Kemururaan \n\nMadurese herbal medicine mixers domiciled in Madura generally develop herbal \n\nproducts based on their local wisdom. They do not just pass down or distribute knowledge \n\nand teach the skills to make herbal medicine, but they always include the ideology of \n\nkemururaan in every herbal medicine product they make. Inserting values. This is considered \n\nimportant in order to give the identity color of Madura herbal medicine which is then able to \n\ndiffer (the other) from other herbs, especially with the Javanese herbal that is the reference. \n\nMadurese concoctors who live in the Madura region, named the herbal medicine as a \n\npowerful herbal medicine. The selection of the name has to do with the local folklore story, \n\nnamely Joko Tole is a fictional character in the Babad Sumenep. A strong, strong identity will \n\nmake the fame finally remembered by the public and even popular throughout Indonesia. \n\nHere the importance of building traditional jhemo has an identity. All traditional jhemo in \n\nIndonesia have an identity, but not as strong as Madura jhemo. Jhemo Madura is different \n\nfrom other traditional jhemo, because it is built on its local folklore which until now is still \n\nbelieved to be true and settles in the realm of local thought in the form of myths. Myth \n\naccording to Bathes is a kind of speech, everything can be a myth as long as it is conveyed \n\nthrough discourse (Barthes, 2010: 342). Myth has an important role in the knowledge and \n\npractice of Jmemo Madurese so that this tradition still survives in the vortex of modernity. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nThe practice of Jamu in Madurese still exists in the midst of the vortex of modernity \n\nbecause, herbal medicine represents health, beauty, courage, and identity wrapped in the \n\nwrapping of myth and modernity. Every Madura herbal medicine mix has a manifestation of \n\nidentity rooted in the elements of its local cultural identity. Maintaining the element of \n\ngenealogy, oral transmission and the value of \"Madura-ness\" as an effort of overall structural \n\nintegration for Madurese culture is a necessity that needs to be instilled throughout time. \n\nInterested in Jhemo Madura, besides having economic value for local life, it also has the \n\npotential of local wisdom that needs to be maintained in relation to health, beauty, courage, \n\nand Madura's identity.", "start_char_idx": 17500, "end_char_idx": 20168, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "24080c6c-4202-4356-ae91-972b476e98dc": {"__data__": {"id_": "24080c6c-4202-4356-ae91-972b476e98dc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60582", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "04141c4d194a18aa6ba5eb7a1bcc2c9ecf959fcd1c0cfefe0d108ee0efe950a1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2b952cbe-d296-497b-befa-c27510707643", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "d0069c69b1d59d8003c148707fe517a2afbca15e6be68fd5b298eb473965a490", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d305d403-b567-43c5-828b-e9b1e6661583", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "258a97a1c6bbad8b90105c85d60258d069a1b0042709ea00a6f33c5c95c3f4c0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 1-8   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n8 \n \n\nREFERENCES \n \nFarhan , Ahmad Faiz,  et al. 2018. Cultural Construction of Herbalism as a Mode of Healing \n\nof Brara Kahu, Islamabad-Pakistan, Pakistan Journal of social Sciences Vol 38 No.2. \n\nBarthes, R. 2010, Membedah Mitos-mitos Budaya Massa, Yogyakarata. Jalasutra \n\nBeers, Jean-Susan, 2000, Jamu The Ancient Indonesian Art Of herbal Healing, Singapore,  \nTuttle Publishing. \n\nChinnasamya, Pavithra et al,(2019:142): \u201cIn silico validation of the indigenous knowledge of \nthe herbal medicines among tribal communities in Sathyamangalam wildlife \nsanctuary, India\u201d. Journal Traditional and Complementary Medicine,Volume 9. \n\nDepartemen Pendidian  Nasional, 2012. Kamus Besar Indonesia , Edisi 4, Jakarta. \nGramaedia \n\nFakih. Mansour, 2016. Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta, Insist. \n\nFikri, A.  2016. \u201cKajian Geneologi dan Perkembangannya Di sdunia Modern,\u201d \nhttps://islamindonesia.id/kajian/opini-genealogi-dan-perkembangannya-di-dunia-\nmodern.htm,diakses pk 13.00, 12 Desember 2019 \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1976. Arkeologi Pengetahuan. Jogjakarta, Divapress \n\nJordaan, Roy Edward.  1985. Folk Medicine in Madura, Leiden,  \n\nPoerwadarminta, 2012. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia,Jakarta, Gramedia  \n\nRajudurai, M.et al.2009.\u201d Ethno-Medicine Pants used by the Traditional Healears of \nPachamalai Hills\u201d ,Tamilnadu-India, Journal Ethno Medicine , volume  3(1) \n\nShaf Shipra, Jahangeer A. Bhat. 2019. \u201dEthnomedicinal knowledge of \nindigenouscommunities and pharmaceutical potential of rainforest ecosystems in Fiji \nIslands,\u201d Journal  of Integrated Medicine,Volume 17. \n\nWiyata, A. Latief. 2002. Carok Konflik Kekerasan dan Harga Diri Orang Madura, Jogyakarta, \nPenerbit: LkiS \n\nWorld  Healt Organization, WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005. Genewa, 2002.", "start_char_idx": 20179, "end_char_idx": 22251, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d305d403-b567-43c5-828b-e9b1e6661583": {"__data__": {"id_": "d305d403-b567-43c5-828b-e9b1e6661583", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60584", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "f6c9fafe487ee327003412a1cbb257f11139fdee153eccfa69e23a909e4da174", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "24080c6c-4202-4356-ae91-972b476e98dc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60582", "author": "Ratnawati, Sri", "title": " CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURA JAMU HERBALIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUE PRESERVATION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60582.pdf"}, "hash": "c570cf7984ac12a4bcfad33799ed55b1ac4959f571ce99fecc27ac66f5ed9abe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7668b19b-5af2-42ac-a19f-84a2f306d1bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ec62e8c1576adea68c547e71b8e2efb6e1bdf4bb7c833309cd8b2f1ef0a5c4db", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Karolus 2\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n9 \n \n\n \nTHE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC \n\nNOWADAYS \n \n\nKarolus Budiman Jama1, I Wayan Ardika2, I Ketut Ardhana3, I Ketut Setiawan4 \n\n \n1Nusa Cendana University,2,3,4Cultural Studies Study Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana \n\nUniversity \n \n\nemail: 1karolus1007@yahoo.com , 2ardikawayan52@gmail.com, \n3phejepsdrlipi@yahoo.com, 4setiawan58@yahoo.com  \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 19-11-2019 \nAccepted Date : 03-01-2019 \nPublished Date : 29-02-2020 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nManggaraian ethnic has a special art named Caci. The art holds and became an identity of \nthe whole of Manggaraian. The art was begun as the ritual of farmer\u2019s land fertility. In its \ndeveloping, the aesthetic has gone under the multifunction in it show time. The art is not only \nperforming for the shake of the local people culture, but also perform for the political interest \nas well as the catholic church in Mangggarai.  This research used ethnographic method, data \ncollected through the observation, interview, documentation, and triangulation. The research \nwas done in Manggaraian ethnic of Flores. Every Caci performance has its own unique \nideology. The ideology goes behind the cultural Caci performance is the ideology of fertility. \nThe ideology goes behind the government interest of Caci performance is capitalism \neconomy and political power.  The church ideology is inclusivism through the inculturation \nlanguages.  \nKey word: dynamic, multifunction, caci, ideology, culture identity \n \n \nINDTODUCTION \n\nManggaraian ethnic is one of numbers of ethnic spread out through Flores island of \n\nEast Nusa Tenggara Province. The ethnic of Manggarai known with is art called Caci. The \n\nart of Caci valued as the unifier in diversity of subculture of Manggaraian ethnic. The art that \n\nwas begun as the fertility ritual of the local farmers as well as performs for the other five \n\nimportant cultural rituals. \n\nNow days, Caci is not perform only for interest of cultural ritual, but also on some \n\nceremonies, either it is government ceremonies, Catholic church in Manggarai or the other \n\nceremonies such as thanks giving ceremony as well as the political achievement. The \n\ndynamic of multifunction of Caci performance is not only related to cultural ceremonies, but \n\nalso related to its esthetic value. The dynamic can be seen through the shapes and the style", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2724, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7668b19b-5af2-42ac-a19f-84a2f306d1bc": {"__data__": {"id_": "7668b19b-5af2-42ac-a19f-84a2f306d1bc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60584", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "f6c9fafe487ee327003412a1cbb257f11139fdee153eccfa69e23a909e4da174", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d305d403-b567-43c5-828b-e9b1e6661583", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "36bba1c69e90f8a57f44135e9fbb142bd7e60b6596dd896d3d85e02723d48cf5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "66fee51f-c1be-48c7-ad39-121b06bdf45d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d5b29abb50ffc146ae85d3f1a8526b3646d84629c99ae0bc438bdfc4de592719", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n10 \n \n\nof the esthetic. The dynamic of multifunction implicates to the social life, religion, and the \n\nculture of Manggarai ethnic.  \n\nThe implication and expansion of Caci performance showing the interested point of \n\nthe art. The government of Manggarai and catholic church assume that the art that is unified \n\nthe subcultural of Manggarai ethnic is capable in managing local potentiality. The potential \n\nreligiosity  toward the catholic belief, political potential to get the people interest, and the \n\neconomy in industry cultural. Even, some individua Caci perform for the shake of political \n\nachievement. For example, the chosen one in political competition. The aesthetic value of \n\nCaci has power and interesting point in multifunction dynamic that goes to the deepest point \n\nof Caci ideology in the practical of social, cultural, economy, and politic in Manggarai. The \n\nexpansion of dynamic multifunction of Caci aesthetic comes up with new ideologies in \n\naesthetic value of Caci nowadays.  \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHOD \n\nThe research method used in this research is ethnographic method. Atkinson and \n\nHammersley (Denzin &Lincon, 2009: 325) stated that the characteristic of ethnographic is \n\nseems exist, ethnographic texts conventionality, representation of self and other in those text, \n\nthe character of ethnographic as the genre textual, the characteristic of base argumentation \n\nof ethnographic, and rhetoric proven. The fours method of data collection used in this \n\nresearch were observation, interview, documentation, and triangulation or merging, ( \n\nSugyono, 2013). The location of the research was done in Manggarai ethnic of Flores. The \n\ninformant selection was done by purposive and snowball, which was sourced from the \n\nspeaker and the doer of Caci. After data collected, the proceed to the analysis based on the \n\nculture paradigm study. Data presentation is done verbally and through pictures illustration.  \n\n \n\nRESULT AND DISCUSSION  \n\nThe Caci aesthetic tradition was begun from the farmer\u2019s land fertility. The ceremony \n\nis done for thank giving toward the creator through the worship of the ancestor and the \n\nworship to nature. The tradition is then brought along with other thank giving ceremony among \n\nthe five cultural ceremonies and became a legitimation up on the cultural ceremonies. It is \n\nrelated to the draft of habit and domain according to Bourdieu (Takwindalam Harker, 2009:xx) \n\nstated that the practical of aesthetic Caci is related product from the habitual as the histories", "start_char_idx": 2729, "end_char_idx": 5549, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "66fee51f-c1be-48c7-ad39-121b06bdf45d": {"__data__": {"id_": "66fee51f-c1be-48c7-ad39-121b06bdf45d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60584", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "f6c9fafe487ee327003412a1cbb257f11139fdee153eccfa69e23a909e4da174", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7668b19b-5af2-42ac-a19f-84a2f306d1bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "dd2bf6a771339c5675744390e7175d03aa8f50ca95c118c20b7b505ae5d2f60a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9d2b56ee-cb70-4fab-aa0a-9bf762ea80f5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "30da56f8c7db4cbbc285c48cde100f6802253fae27b60310e5cb5008d3b692b5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n11 \n \n\nproduct of civilization of Manggarai ethnic. Caci aesthetic is product from the field of efforts in \n\nManggarai ethnic.  \n\nThe power of Caci aesthetic tradition is on the holly ceremony before and after the \n\nCaci performed. The Caci player also doing the purifying ceremony individually before the \n\nCaci performance. The purifying ceremony then implicate not to have sexual harassment as \n\nthe prohibition during the purifying session as well as not to make other people get hurt. In \n\nthis context Caci aesthetic is domain of self purifying and life reflection domain. The process \n\nof purifying which is by Langer (Djelantik, 1999: 154) stated that art is the representation \n\ntowards the value for life. Langer\u2019s view is same as schiller (Sugiharto, 2013) that human \n\nbeing as a soul are able to see deeper his spirituality. The soul is able to control the power, \n\nsense of careless, desires, greedy desire, change them in to love solidarity, humble, and \n\ncompassion became a noble.  \n\nThe special model of Caci aesthetic tradition is relied on the power of ceremony\u2019s soul \n\nthat able to control the desires. The dimension of the aesthetic Caci tradition is practice in \n\nritual of ancestor feeding in the night time before departure, on the day of departure( in local \n\nlanguage wuatwa\u2019i), crossing the river between the two villages as the host of Caci \n\nperformance which called letangwae, Welcoming ritual, the ritual of walking around the altar \n\nof scarification it called lilik, and ended with Caci ritual called caca selek.  \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nThe practical reality of Caci performance in its developing, is not only perform by local \n\npeople, but also by the government as well as the catholic church in Manggarai. Since the \n\nregency of Manggarai formed legally and formally on 14 august  1958 or it is now called", "start_char_idx": 5554, "end_char_idx": 7704, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9d2b56ee-cb70-4fab-aa0a-9bf762ea80f5": {"__data__": {"id_": "9d2b56ee-cb70-4fab-aa0a-9bf762ea80f5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60584", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "f6c9fafe487ee327003412a1cbb257f11139fdee153eccfa69e23a909e4da174", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "66fee51f-c1be-48c7-ad39-121b06bdf45d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "d11c4261bdaf0b389dcd00e2e9b2f56b54822e728514be5d0897f602189c9cce", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "07923cdc-af92-43c7-bb31-0487eb2bbbce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ee09a4cd6755cd82ef4bf5970adf7f6558f7333d92abb1a99541ad35440ac3d9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n12 \n \n\nKabupatenManggarai. Government especially under the leadership of Frans Sales Lega, \n\nCaci seems like an interesting point all at once as the important identity that should be taking \n\ncare and be defended.  \n\nThe government through the regency, subdistrict, village, are became hands to collect \n\npeople to perform Caci in order to commemorate the independent day of the Republic of \n\nIndonesia every august. The Caci performance became a standard made by the government \n\nthat is leading by new era government. Maria Erbin the book entitled \u201cAdat dan Politik \n\nIndonesia\u201d stated that since the new order government of Manggarai regency has done the \n\nCaci performance and the cultural art competition. The activity that is mentioned above is \n\ndone in order to find out the standard and become an identity of Manggarai ethnic as national \n\nculture. In addition, the performance of cultural art for the shake of tourism as the contributor \n\nof national infrastructures (Davidson, dkk. 2010: 275). \n\nFor the shake of inculturation, the catholic church in Manggarai also perform Caci. \n\nJehandut (2012: 99) said that, firstly the church has to fertilize the wealth of religion from the \n\nnations. Second, acknowledged the pluriform of liturgy as the creation of holly spirit. Third, \n\nthe church should become a pioneer and adapting the liturgy to the culture and tradition of \n\nnations. Fourth, for the shake of authentic belief, the church has to do radical renewal based \n\non the incarnation demands and based on unity principles as the shape of cultural. The \n\ncatholic church believes that the local culture of Caci as the unique wealth based on \n\nexperiences religion-aesthetic Manggarai ethnic. The church believes Caci has religion \n\nvalues and unity. The value then taken as language and the spirit of the church in performing \n\nCaci. The church performs Caci during the purification of the priest, building up the church, \n\nand division or inauguration of parish.  \n\nNowadays, the dynamic of aesthetic multifunction of Caci, in the practical \n\nperformance, Caci either by the government or the church are implicated to the standard \n\ndesign and style. The standardize of practical are accordingly to the need and shake of Caci \n\nperformed. Those design are mixing the position of the players who become a host and the \n\ninvited players. There is no limit between the host players and the invited players as in the \n\ntradition of Caci itself. There is no sacred and magical situation appeared during the Caci \n\nperformance undergoing by the government and the church as basic Caci performance used \n\nto be. The ceremony doing by the government and the church seems like a simulation or a \n\nfake awareness about Caci dance. In one hand, it is an awareness of doing the ritual, but on \n\nthe other hand it is delegitimate the ritual. There are some circumstances dealing with", "start_char_idx": 7717, "end_char_idx": 10896, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "07923cdc-af92-43c7-bb31-0487eb2bbbce": {"__data__": {"id_": "07923cdc-af92-43c7-bb31-0487eb2bbbce", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60584", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "f6c9fafe487ee327003412a1cbb257f11139fdee153eccfa69e23a909e4da174", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9d2b56ee-cb70-4fab-aa0a-9bf762ea80f5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "b649ffab93b8300274f77825f17b2c6d39c1ad062817deeecd06b7c4610b9daa", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "038f3fba-311d-445f-9388-1d931e004746", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5a4e4c3990f423b5947901a31e453cccc0b944d1667c54fd6135d153a776d873", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n13 \n \n\ndelegitimate of the ritual, for example doing the ritual as if there is an altar of scarification, \n\nmoreover in the practicalCaci is not performed as in its tradition.  \n\nCaci performed by the government and the church are made as their design either the \n\nlocation or the draft that supported the Caci is being performed. For example, Caci performed \n\nby the government, the ideology of Caci being performed is a political power and economy \n\nissues.  \n\nReading the dynamic of Caci multifunction is strongly indicated as Foucault said that \n\nthere is a controlling power on the players and the local people by the government and the \n\nchurch in Manggarai. As Foucault writtenDiscipline and punish and history of sexuality that is \n\nhow he isolate and conceptualize the way where all bodies are become the most important \n\ncomponent for the relationship of power and the modern society (Santoso, dkk. 2015). He \n\nalso stated that the years dominance rulersaffected by the political and intellectual authority \n\nthat supported by the government as the ideology being run in the discourse (Ratna, 2011). \n\nIn the context of power and political ideology, Caci is perform in the field which has a \n\ngreat stage. People who watch the performance of Caci are looking directly forward to the \n\ngreat stage. These kind of design are made to watch the official who watch the Caci \n\nperformance. The blueprint of Caci performance location as well as the set of Caci players \n\nwhen they sing a folk song are directly overlooking to the stage that has been prepared. The \n\nkind of design are contradicted to the tradition Caci itself. The most important of tradition of \n\nCaci is that the sacrifice altar is not block by anyone in the performance. The place of \n\nnagagolo lying down and all souls who protect the village. It is made in order to avoid from \n\ngreat wound and disorder during the Caci performance. Dealing with the economic ideology, \n\nthe government also doing it to support the tourism. It is supported by the attendance of \n\nforeigners who come to watch Caci dance performance by becoming a honoring first hit and \n\ninvolving in dende.", "start_char_idx": 10901, "end_char_idx": 13341, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "038f3fba-311d-445f-9388-1d931e004746": {"__data__": {"id_": "038f3fba-311d-445f-9388-1d931e004746", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60584", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "f6c9fafe487ee327003412a1cbb257f11139fdee153eccfa69e23a909e4da174", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "07923cdc-af92-43c7-bb31-0487eb2bbbce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "017cf1a130b164215ef180571b0a2b8413eee0466a2fe52575e88c9f8854c709", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6c32bc9b-458d-4d68-86f9-e2620ad93e3f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "173e57f23f135c91d303173ff804d41f95d23e0f92fbf5df733db51caee91aea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                  Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 9-14   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n14 \n \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION  \n\nBased on the dynamic multifunction of ManggarainessCaci dance performance \n\nnowadays, it is found that the performance of characteristic design and ideology. It is different \n\nbetween the characteristic of tradition Caci performance the Caci dance perform by the \n\ngovernment and the catholic church in Manggarai. The difference is tradition Caci is perform \n\nfor ritual space and self-purifying. While, Caci performance by the government and the \n\ncatholic church is a Caci profanity. The ideology of tradition Caci is the ideology of fertility. \n\nWhile, the ideology of Caci perform by the government is the ideology of political power and \n\neconomy capitalism, and the catholic church ideology of Caci is inclusivism through \n\ninculturation languages.  \n\n \n \n\nREFERENCES \n \nBonefasius Jehandut. 2012. Uskup Wilhelmus Van Bekkum & Dere Serani Mengintegrasikan \n\nUnsur Religiositas Asli Mansyarakat Manggarai ke Dalam Liturgi. Jakarta: Nera \nPustaka. \n\nDenzin & Lincoln. 2009. Hand Book of Qualitative Research. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar:  \n\n  Djelantik, M. A.A. 1999. Estetika. Bandung: MSPI. \n\nJamie. S. Davidson, dkk. 2010. Adat Dalam Politik Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor \nIndonesia. \n\nNyoman Kuta Ratna. 2011. Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta: Pustaka \nPelajar. \n\nRichard, Harker, dkk. 2009. Pengantar Paling Komprehensif kepada pemikiran Pierre \nBourdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra \n\nSugiyono. 2013. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.CV. \n\n Sugiharto, Bambang. 2013. Untuk Apa Seni. Bandung: Matahari.", "start_char_idx": 13378, "end_char_idx": 15268, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6c32bc9b-458d-4d68-86f9-e2620ad93e3f": {"__data__": {"id_": "6c32bc9b-458d-4d68-86f9-e2620ad93e3f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60585", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "7711450db5ce31f63cd5c973a5c2820b1cedb554f50b29a8c57964470c51cd53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "038f3fba-311d-445f-9388-1d931e004746", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60584", "author": "Jama, Karolus Budiman; Ardika, I Wayan; Ardhana, I Ketut; Setiawan, I Ketut", "title": " THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60584.pdf"}, "hash": "a49d2e5e0badddd943b930ae3e5bb37e58fc28a11b7f18f1b89869dbe5529054", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7b960c7c-af54-4edd-a46e-3c117d6230c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e28b04011eb0b206d452a92ed266e54be98e859443088fa1d9faf00d3e47bd84", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Fahmy Dalimunthe 3\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 15-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n15 \n \n\n \nPOLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY  \n\nIN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION \n \n\nSyairal Fahmy Dalimunthe1, I Wayan Ardika2, I Nyoman Darma Putra3,  \nI Gst Bagus Suka Arjawa4 \n\n \n1 Medan State University,2,3,4Cultural Studies Study Program, Faculty of Arts, Udayana \n\nUniversity \n \n\nemail: 1 fahmydalimunthe@gmail.com, 2ardikawayan52@gmail.com, \n3idarmaputra@yahoo.com, 4 suka_arjawa@yahoo.com   \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 21-12-2019 \nAccepted Date : 20-01-2019 \nPublished Date : 29-02-2020 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nIdentity politics are often used in political contestation. Primordialism in similar religious and \nethnic contexts creates the division and color of whose groups and supports whom. The \npurpose of this study is to understand and explain the politicization of religion and ethnicity in \nthe DKI Jakarta 2017 elections. This study uses a cultural study approach with interpretive \nanalysis techniques. The case of blasphemy by Ahok triggered the politicization of religion \nand ethnicity in the 2017 DKI Jakarta elections. Mass mobilization in the form of boycotts and \nthe use of holy verses in choosing leaders was very massive carried out during the campaign \nperiod to increase the electoral effect. Identity is no longer purely a social movement to fight \nfor a positive change, but rather a tool for the political elite to compartmentalize the masses \nin an effort to achieve their group goals. The identity politics that was triggered by the case of \nblasphemy by Ahok created a process of group exclusivity towards other groups on the basis \nof religion and ethnicity in winning a political battle. \n \nKeywords: Identity politics, blasphemy of religion, Ahok, primordialism \n\n          \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nDKI Jakarta Regional Election was attended by 3 candidate pairs namely Agus \n\nHarimurti Yudhoyono-Sylviana Murni who got sequence number 1, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama-\n\nDjarot Saiful Hidayat got sequence number 2 and pair Anies Baswedan-Sandiaga Uno got \n\nsequence number 3. The election was warm with primordial issues loaded with identity politics \n\nby bringing up issues of religion and ethnicity. The 2017 DKI Jakarta Governor Election can \n\nbe said to be a campaign full of the most hectic political intrigues of identity when compared \n\nto other regions. The case of blasphemy by Ahok which happened deliberately continues to", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2751, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7b960c7c-af54-4edd-a46e-3c117d6230c9": {"__data__": {"id_": "7b960c7c-af54-4edd-a46e-3c117d6230c9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60585", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "7711450db5ce31f63cd5c973a5c2820b1cedb554f50b29a8c57964470c51cd53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6c32bc9b-458d-4d68-86f9-e2620ad93e3f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "654d40efbb01eef4fe6a6a4bf850a0cba9c7be44b9bfdd230b302f4f9698262f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bc85cc37-d4dc-43ee-87e9-6d5f033021ac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "532a074a43e35ce919b4af317f16ede25dafb577b6763b0956ddd8f044cf0ea2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 15-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n16 \n \n\nbe \"fried\" in the hope that it can have a snow ball effect so that it can have a positive electoral \n\nimpact on Ahok's political opponents. \n\nThe case of blasphemy on Ahok, which is more brought to the domain of religion and \n\nethnicity than to the realm of violation of the law itself, causes the community to be \n\nincreasingly segmented against certain groups. These identities become clusters that are \n\nused by political elites as weapons to win public sympathy, especially for the people of DKI \n\nJakarta who simultaneously carry out the Governor election. \n\nIdentity politics provides a clear line to determine who will be included and who will be \n\nrejected. Because the lines of determination appear to be irreversible, the status as a non-\n\nmember member necessarily appears to be permanent. So that we can interpret that identity \n\npolitics is a politics of difference. In general, identity is divided into two categories, namely, \n\nsocial identity which includes class, race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality. This determines \n\nthe position of the subject in the relation or social interaction. Second, political identity \n\nregarding nationality and citizenship (citzenship). This determines the position of the subject \n\nin a community through a sense of ownership (sense of belonging) and at the same time \n\nmarks the position of other subjects in a distinction (sense of otherness) (Setyaningrum, \n\n2005). \n\nSo, in this context there is an emphasis between groups that are recognized and \n\ngroups that are not recognized. So it is not surprising that identity politics are always used by \n\ndominant groups to maintain and even seize power domination. This further crystallizes \n\ndifferences and seems to confirm the existence of certain social groups based on the \n\nidentification of primordialism. \n\n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nBased on the background of the problem, this study uses a cultural study approach \n\nwith qualitative analysis. The qualitative approach chosen aims to understand phenomena \n\nabout what is experienced by research subjects holistically, and describe phenomena in the \n\nform of words and languages, in a special natural context and by utilizing various scientific \n\nmethods (Moleong, 2007: 6). Sources of research data are primary data and secondary data \n\nobtained from various data sources, namely from the video reporting on the blasphemy case \n\nby Ahok and the results of interviews with related parties. Secondary data in the form of \n\ninformation originating from online media, related websites, YouTube, social media and other \n\nmedia that are still related in reporting the blasphemy case by Ahok.", "start_char_idx": 2756, "end_char_idx": 5693, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bc85cc37-d4dc-43ee-87e9-6d5f033021ac": {"__data__": {"id_": "bc85cc37-d4dc-43ee-87e9-6d5f033021ac", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60585", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "7711450db5ce31f63cd5c973a5c2820b1cedb554f50b29a8c57964470c51cd53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7b960c7c-af54-4edd-a46e-3c117d6230c9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "afb0ce730c8cc9e22a64a185611ad1dc2718e40e1be902495e2f81e8f0377c31", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "68bc65f6-fba3-4e33-adca-5f53032c9774", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "150268f2dcdfeef4d8fad99a009b148f3d995efa5585c1a755bbef0bfa75dcda", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 15-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n17 \n \n\n \n\nDISCUSSION \n\nIn the current political context, identity is no longer only used as a means of mobilizing \n\nsocial movements to achieve change but is also widely used as a tool to gain political office. \n\nThe Ahok case which correlates with the DKI Jakarta elections as a practice of identity politics \n\nwhich will be elaborated further on the basis of religious identity and ethnic identity. Ahok's \n\ncontroversial speech turned into a mass-raising issue behind a religious and ethnic blanket \n\nthat was packed by political elites in fighting for the electability of candidates. \n\n \n\n1. Politics of Religious Identity \n\nOne of the dominant discourses that has always been raised in identity politics is the \n\nissue of religion. The war of religious discourse in politics is not the first time this has arisen, \n\nbut has existed even before Indonesia's independence. The relation between the political \n\npower of religious identity and the state in Indonesia is present in four parts of our state era, \n\nstarting from the period before independence, post-independence, new order and post-\n\nreformation that indicated the presence of Islamic-based movements. \n\nAt the beginning of its emergence, the issue of identity politics was mainly driven by \n\nthe oppressed and left groups who fought for the promotion of justice and equality. In its \n\ndevelopment, identity politics then experienced an expansion where the right group also \n\nbegan to play an identity politics in which religious entities, ethnicity and nationality were used \n\nas political tools to mobilize movements and seize power (Afala, 2018: 3). At the end of 2016 \n\na mass mobilization movement emerged that demanded law enforcement against Ahok. This \n\ncondition was triggered by the dissatisfaction of the protesters against the government's \n\nreaction in cracking down on the Ahok case. Starting with the Islamic Defensive Action I which \n\nwas held on October 14, 2016, then at its peak occurred the Islamic Defending Action III \n\nwhich is quite well known as \"Peace Action 212\" on December 2, 2016. \n\nIslamic actions I, II and III that occurred showed the show of force of Muslims in \n\naddressing the conditions of the blasphemy case. In addition to the pure intention to defend \n\nthe faith in carrying out the action, the demonstration was also infiltrated by the political elite \n\nto achieve certain goals because at the same time the 2017 DKI Jakarta election campaign \n\nwas held. Christian governor. Identity politics is carried out by mainstream groups, namely \n\nmajority religious groups, with the intention of getting rid of minorities whom they deem \n\ndeviant or deviate (Mulia in Maarif, 2012: 45).", "start_char_idx": 5698, "end_char_idx": 8672, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "68bc65f6-fba3-4e33-adca-5f53032c9774": {"__data__": {"id_": "68bc65f6-fba3-4e33-adca-5f53032c9774", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60585", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "7711450db5ce31f63cd5c973a5c2820b1cedb554f50b29a8c57964470c51cd53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bc85cc37-d4dc-43ee-87e9-6d5f033021ac", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "bd1b98da374ce1be73b9c968c2003c2691262f3f20e5db13ce98fbc388b44a9b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9f52edc6-a5c8-4f7e-a5c5-db2df4794011", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "7e1ebd83347a52b8f421b484ada168929e3fea344cb31d9bbf6d40055ac872ea", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 15-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n18 \n \n\nThe political strategy of highlighting Islamic identity is expected to reduce the \n\nincumbent's power that has always campaigned for the performance it has done while serving \n\nas governor. The existence of the Ahok case makes a justification that DKI Jakarta needs \n\nleaders who come from Islam. In accordance with the opinion of Gerry van Klinken that local \n\npolitical movements in the reform era, colored by the phenomenon of identity politics whose \n\nformation is religious and ethnic. This phenomenon does not only occur at the level of local \n\npolitics, but also at the level of national politics. (Klinken, 2007) \n\nA group of masses from different parties also took counter-action by mobilizing a mass \n\nwith the theme of Indonesian unity called the Diversity Parade. The action that took place on \n\nDecember 4, 2016, 2 days after the Islamic Defender Action volume 3 put forward the \n\nimportance of unity by embracing differences. The parade, which was attended by thousands \n\nof participants, was filled with exhibitions of various Indonesian cultures on 10 stages spread \n\nalong Jalan MH Thamrin-Jalan Sudirman. But it is unfortunate that the event was filled with \n\npolitical overtones with many political attributes, such as party flags and hundreds of visitors \n\nwearing party logo. \n\nVarious narratives were created by both parties to wrap up the discourse in achieving \n\ncertain goals. The formed discourse is a form of knowledge in order to seize power in the \n\nform of justification of the issues that are formed. The discourse is then understood in a \n\nuniform perception within the same identity group. Identity is then used to achieve certain \n\ninterests of the group concerned (Burke 2003: 1). \n\nReligious issues that are pitted with nationalist issues continue to rise to the surface, \n\nand develop into soft products in the election political campaigns in DKI Jakarta. The issue of \n\nidentity in the name of religion became a popular issue to win 2 governor candidates who \n\nhappened to be Muslim. Donald L Morowitz implicitly said that identity politics is a political \n\ncategorization that determines access to politics. In other words, identity politics is understood \n\nas a power mechanism to exclude other groups (Afala, 2018: 32). \n\nCampaigns that use religious identity are no longer a taboo political activity to be \n\ndisplayed in front of the public. Kemala Chandakirana who stated that identity politics is \n\nmerely a political rhetoric that is used as a tool to fulfill the interests of the elite (Afala, 2018: \n\n32).", "start_char_idx": 8677, "end_char_idx": 11527, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9f52edc6-a5c8-4f7e-a5c5-db2df4794011": {"__data__": {"id_": "9f52edc6-a5c8-4f7e-a5c5-db2df4794011", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60585", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "7711450db5ce31f63cd5c973a5c2820b1cedb554f50b29a8c57964470c51cd53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "68bc65f6-fba3-4e33-adca-5f53032c9774", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "3356a6cc0443c9797031a98105c21d76e493c182f4a035672a277f000abdeed3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "240e6c25-3f71-4368-8114-9163e82a3815", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "26d2fe7ab7abadbd4f6fb9cd4623e8d3a36a118007dca895f0bc079959d4b419", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 15-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n19 \n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n      \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 1. \nProvocation in DKI Jakarta election 2017 \n\n(From various sources) \n \n\nThe power of religion is made a motivating factor in maximizing the electability of \n\ncandidates in winning contestation. Ahok, the only candidate from outside Islam, was \n\nconstructed as a candidate for governor who had to be removed. Even more extreme is the \n\nform of discourse up to which candidate is chosen, as long as not Ahok. \n\n \n\n2. Ethnicity Politics \n\nPolitics with the issue of ethnicity is inappropriate to do in political contestation, but in \n\nits implementation it is a matter that is commonly used to win voters' sympathies. Ethnic \n\nboxing is one of the political strategies of identity in increasing the electability of candidates. \n\nThe case of blasphemy by Ahok led to an exclusive political attitude by Ahok's political \n\nopponents. \n\nThe 2017 DKI Regional Election Contest last showed the strong identity politics \n\nsentiment in which the indigenous ethnic specializes and rejects the existence of non-native \n\ngroups. Issues developed around the economic sector where minority Chinese (Chinese) \n\ncontrol most of the wheels of the economy in Indonesia. Based on historical facts in the era \n\nof Dutch colonialism it was stated that after being given a favorable position by the Dutch, the \n\nChinese dominated the Indonesian economy and oppressed Indonesian society and \n\nprevented native people from wanting to become entrepreneurs (Coppel, 1994: 26). \n\nThe incumbent Ahok figure is a citizen of Chinese ethnicity and Christianity came from \n\nBangka Belitung who was the Deputy Governor of DKI Jakarta accompanying Joko Widodo \n\nin 2012. Identity Politics in Indonesia, as quoted by Ma'arif in his book \"Politics of Identity and \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 15-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n20 \n \n\nthe Future of Indonesian Pluralism \"Explains that especially in Indonesia, Identity politics is \n\nmore related to ethnicity, religion, ideology and local interests represented generally by \n\npolitical elites with their respective articulations (Ma'arif, 2012: 55). \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 2. \nSome Action against Ethnic Chinese regarding the Ahok case \n\nSource: https://www.kaskus.co.id \n \n\nThe post-1998 reform era made this difference even more complicated. The riots that \n\narose in various cities in Indonesia due to economic disparities between ethnic groups were \n\ntoo conspicuous so that social jealousy ensued resulting in Chinese community groups \n\nbecoming the target of hatred. No different from the case of blasphemy by Ahok, the Jakarta \n\nregional election which fried Ahok's case was considered as a momentum for the rise of \n\npolitical Islam and the natives who were described as the majority and left behind from the \n\neconomic side. The government is described as being a tool of the economic rulers of that \n\nethnicity to perpetuate their capitalism practices. \n\nFreedom of politics and equality of citizenship positions, especially ethnic Chinese \n\nsince the era of President Gusdur, created a movement to support fellow ethnic groups in \n\nJakarta. The spirit of ethnic Chinese politics re-emerged and formed Chinese political parties, \n\nbut most peranakan Chinese leaders wanted to take the path of assimilation with indigenous \n\nparties and groups with the aim that Chinese identity was still firmly rooted among the Chinese \n\nin general (Suryadinata, 2010: 187). \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nThe democratic party in the 2017 DKI Jakarta regional election contestation which \n\nbrought Ahok to court on blasphemy charges is a strong indicator that primordialism and \n\nidentity politics in Indonesia are still very strong and have the potential to interfere with", "start_char_idx": 11536, "end_char_idx": 15782, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "240e6c25-3f71-4368-8114-9163e82a3815": {"__data__": {"id_": "240e6c25-3f71-4368-8114-9163e82a3815", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60585", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "7711450db5ce31f63cd5c973a5c2820b1cedb554f50b29a8c57964470c51cd53", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9f52edc6-a5c8-4f7e-a5c5-db2df4794011", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "960e61b092475f86102fe7347c116a4b6c79f77dbb568d217e17618f5af2aa8a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e9ea5fd6-ed27-4bbf-8341-58b7cf55562a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5f7b75135f7414617c40f48380daf65aec286f4dd003b1500e30d0a01ec506bf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 15-21   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n21 \n \n\nidealized democratic development. Religious and ethnic identity should be the potential \n\nwealth of developing democracy for a pluralistic country. Identity politics, which should have \n\nbeen used as a tool to fight backwardness and marginalization, turned into a weapon that \n\ndivide the Indonesian people into divisions. The exclusivity of certain groups that ignores \n\nother groups creates polarization with the aim of getting support from homogeneous groups \n\nfor the achievement of temporary goals. Ironically today, the interest of certain groups / parties \n\nin winning a political contestation is more important than maintaining the integrity, unity and \n\ntolerance in Indonesia with its diversity. \n\n \n\nREFERENCES \n\nAfala, Laode Machdani. 2018. Politik Identitas di Indonesia. Malang: UB Press.  \n\nBurke, P. J. 2003. \u201cIntroduction\u201d. Dalam In P. J. Burke, T. Owens, R. T. Serpe, & P. A. Thoits \n(Ed.), Advances in Identity Theory and Research. New York: Plenum Publishers.  \n\nCoppel, Charles A. 1994. Tionghoa Indonesia Dalam Krisis, Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan. \n\nKlinken, Gerry van. 2007. Perang Kota Kecil: Kekerasan Komunal dan Demokratisasi di \nIndonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.    \n\nMaarif, Ahmad Syafi dkk. 2012. Politik Identitas dan Masa Depan Pluralisme Kita. Jakarta, \nDemocracy Project. \n\nMoleong, Lexy J. 2007. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.   \n\nSuryadinata, Leo. 2010., Etnis Tionghoa dan Nasionalisme Indonesia, Jakarta: Kompas. \n\nSetyaningrum, Arie.2005. Memetakan Lokasi Bagi Politik Identitas dalam Wacana Politik \nPoskolonial dalam Politik Perlawanan. Yogyakarta: IRE.", "start_char_idx": 15787, "end_char_idx": 17723, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e9ea5fd6-ed27-4bbf-8341-58b7cf55562a": {"__data__": {"id_": "e9ea5fd6-ed27-4bbf-8341-58b7cf55562a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "240e6c25-3f71-4368-8114-9163e82a3815", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60585", "author": "Dalimunthe, Syairal Fahmy; Ardika, I Wayan; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Suka Arjawa, I Gst. Bagus", "title": " POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND THE CASE OF AHOK\u2019S RELIGION BLASPHEMY IN THE 2017 DKI JAKARTA ELECTION", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60585.pdf"}, "hash": "54b969b50c3a1cc78fc940da13d73cd47205441eef575f5684aeaeca272ad546", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e90e5e85-380a-40c0-95ed-e4f538c98dfe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c8478691ea9367be971b03ef4ae6bfc8fbfd9a1c288985f06bf3a23f188c9145", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Gde Anadhi 4\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n22 \n \n\n \nTHE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY \n\nRAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI \n \n\nI Made Gede Anadhi1,I Nyoman Suarka2, I Nyoman Sukiada3, I Nyoman Wijaya4 \n \n\n1 Denpasar Darma Hindu Institute,2,3,4Cultural Studies Study Program, Faculty of Arts, \nUdayana University \n\n \nemail: 1anadhi_jay@yahoo.com, 2nyoman_suarka@unud.ac.id, \n\n3nyomansukiada@yahoo.com,4nyoman_wijaya@unud.ac.id \n \n\n \n \n\nReceived Date : 11-12-2019 \nAccepted Date : 22-01-2019 \nPublished Date : 29-02-2020 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nThis study aims to analyze why there are practitioners today who still interpret Rajah \nPanyengker (mystical script) as a means of obtaining understanding, safety. Yet in reality \nthey also practice Hindu religious rituals with the same purpose. The answers to these \nquestions are sought in the arena of social struggle of practitioners Rajah Panyengker. In \nrelation to their desire to emerge victorious in the arena of social and social struggle, they felt \nthe need to convert capital so that they would not lose against their colleagues, fellow \npractitioners. The size of a practitioner's cultural capital is very dependent on his habitus. \nTherefore the answers to the research questions will be sought in the formation of the habitus \nof Rajah Panyengker practitioners. How the habitus forms the mystical cultural capital of \npractitioners regarding Rajah Panyengker, then places it in the arena of social struggle of the \nBalinese people today. Thus the focus of this study is directed at the meeting between the \narenas of practitioners' internal social struggle with the users of Rajah Penyengker. \nGenerative structural theory is used as a basis for thinking to understand and explain these \nproblems. The conclusion of this study, that to emerge victorious in the arena of social \nstruggle, practitioners fulfill the wishes of patients who want to get Rajah Penyengker. In the \narena of social struggle like that, practitioners Rajah Panyengker do capital conversion. Thus \nthis phenomenon illustrates the increasing arena of social struggle for practitioners of Rajah \nPenyenker today, not to search for positivistic origins or their backgrounds to interpret Rajah \nPenyengker. \n  \nKeywords: Rajah Panyengker, social struggle, practitioners \n\n \n \n \n\n INTRODUCTION \n\nHabitus of practitioners and users of Rajah Panyengker is very dependent on his \n\nfamily background. Practitioners who live in the midst of their family's belief in the objects of \n\nfortune from the past will produce cultural capital that is different from those who get the", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 2922, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e90e5e85-380a-40c0-95ed-e4f538c98dfe": {"__data__": {"id_": "e90e5e85-380a-40c0-95ed-e4f538c98dfe", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e9ea5fd6-ed27-4bbf-8341-58b7cf55562a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "dd9a65f1c02ec459c2c04d6d0efc3f9e7c55572d3f5281306f5f9f7ce973a003", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d55767e1-9351-4bf1-9885-0f9fdb1fac63", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9280853276205d13fa56402f6f0ef01a818e0ea6d890faaa691687da9ef59167", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n23 \n \n\nknowledge of Rajah Panyengker through the process of learning some lontar. In the first \n\ntypology, the existence of ejection less influential to be used as a reference in shaping the \n\nspiritual (metaphysical) knowledge of practitioners, because they rely more on the mystical \n\nluck of the relics of the past. On the other hand, in the second typology, objects in the lighting \n\nperiod received less attention than ejection (interview with Ida Rsi Agung Bang Pinatih, March \n\n17, 2019). \n\nIn accordance with his experience, practitioners in the first typology can rely on their \n\nbelief in the legacy of physical relics in the form of temples, especially Dalem temples, and \n\nsacred statues. They are also vary dependent on the grace of the manifestations of Bhatara \n\nor holy spirits which each one worships. In addition, no less important are ancestral weapons \n\n(heirlooms) which are believed to still be lucky because they are always nourished spiritually \n\nby making offerings in the form of offerings on certain days (interview with Ida Rsi Agung \n\nBang Pinatih, 17 March 2019) . \n\nIn the second typology, mastery of the science of Rajah Panyengker can be done by \n\nself-taught and using a teacher, which means it must refer to the ejector with the most \n\nappropriate material. If you want to answer a problem of illness and non-medical illness due \n\nto pangleakan or black magic through Rajah Panyengker for example, then what is \n\nconsidered the most appropriate is Kanda Pat ejection. Kanda Pat is the four protective \n\nenergy that humans carry from birth. Studying Kanda Pat's knowledge was not absolutely \n\nnecessary to master the Balinese script, but rather by using palm-leaf copies. So it's not the \n\nscript that plays an important role, but the pronunciation and language. \n\nIn the language they found the world for themselves, a place which he considered to \n\nbe sturdy enough to be used as a foundation to free Kanda Pat from the confines of the script \n\nand master it. When they believe in the concept of Kanda Pat without this script as they \n\nbelieve in the truth of the concept, they master all of it and feel more special than the followers \n\nof Kanda Pat. At such times they truly believe Kanda Pat's language encapsulates all \n\nknowledge about the healing world in Balinese style. They are so proud of themselves, \n\nbecause through language, words (not letters) they feel they can explain their perfect \n\nknowledge of Kanda Pat (developed from Nietzsche in Foucault, 1997: 7-8). The facts \n\nmentioned above show the increasing importance of questioning why there are practitioners \n\ntoday who still interpret Rajah Panyengker or mystical paintings as a means of obtaining \n\nunderstanding or safety.", "start_char_idx": 2927, "end_char_idx": 5949, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d55767e1-9351-4bf1-9885-0f9fdb1fac63": {"__data__": {"id_": "d55767e1-9351-4bf1-9885-0f9fdb1fac63", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e90e5e85-380a-40c0-95ed-e4f538c98dfe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "db7f4326232e0c946040606cc9f187a5b5cfa27ebda67bc8081a8fdc3f0ff101", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bff2fea7-884d-4c09-bced-03d67747a56d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "53a3d041aa89aa9a2963c2f3d9de7830e958544c558af7a22b66922966f6e7ee", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n24 \n \n\nRESEARCH METHODS \n\nIt should be emphasized that the research questions raised in this study are not \n\nintended to seek positive truth about their origins or their backgrounds to interpret the Rajah \n\nPenyengker. Without affirmation, this study might be trapped in the approach of Modern \n\nMarxism and Phenomenology, two things that are avoided or rejected by Bourdieu. He rejects \n\nModern Marxism, because it understands too much pressure on economic factors as \n\nstructures that shape people and ignores human subjectivity as agents. Bourdieu rejects \n\nPhenomenology, because he disagrees with propositions that want to make the truth of the \n\nprimary experience of the social world a reality and that discourages questions about the \n\nconditions of its own possibility. According to Bourdieu, phenomenology tends to place \n\nhumans as determinants with their awareness and underestimate the influence of social \n\nrelations that appear as objective structures. The objective structure is displayed in social \n\nspace, while the subjective structure is in the form of disposition within the individual. The \n\nobjective structure is a trace of the influence of Marxism, while the subjective structure is a \n\ntrace of phenomenology (Harker, 2009: xvi-xvii). \n\nPhenomenology study is one of ethnographic approaches to get research data or \n\ninformation. In phenomenology, human experience is examined through a detailed picture of \n\nthe person being studied. Understanding \"life experience\" marks phenomenology as a \n\nphilosophy and also as a research method. As a method, the procedure involves studying a \n\nsmall number of subjects extensively and over a long period of time to develop patterns and \n\nrelationships of meaning. Through this process the researcher \"collects\" his experience \n\nregularly to understand the experiences of the informants (Silalahi, 2012: 86). \n\nAn ethnographic approach is a design in which the researcher studies a complete \n\ncultural group in its natural environment over a long period of time by collecting, especially \n\nobservational data. The research process is flexible and develops contextually according to \n\nthe realities encountered in the field which are studied through grounded theory. In this case \n\nthe researcher tries to obtain a theory by using the double stages of data collection and \n\nimprovement and the interrelationship of information categories (Silalahi, 2012: 86; Neuman \n\n2017: 115-122) \n\nIn order not to get caught up in the approach of Modern Marxism and Phenomenology, \n\nBourdieu explained how the relationship between the Agency and Structure was not linear, \n\nBourdieu used the concept of habitus and the realm (field). Habitus is the result of learning \n\nthrough parenting, play activities, and also community education in the broadest sense.", "start_char_idx": 5957, "end_char_idx": 9057, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bff2fea7-884d-4c09-bced-03d67747a56d": {"__data__": {"id_": "bff2fea7-884d-4c09-bced-03d67747a56d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d55767e1-9351-4bf1-9885-0f9fdb1fac63", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "427d3b37305047eda02cfa8139d870b9f859286d0fe5f0b36c2b29425ddfc8dd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "155bd612-ad7f-47bd-8fa0-b266a90a576d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "41e6fc504898bbbcac51d490380a320e73f9d70ad6e88b5d19a0476d70d96804", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n25 \n \n\nLearning occurs smoothly, unconsciously, and appears as a natural thing, so as if something \n\nnatural, as if given by nature or already from there. Habitus can also be said to be \n\nunconscious-cultural, that is, historical influences that are unconsciously considered natural. \n\nThis means that the historical product after humans are born and interact with society in a \n\ncertain time and space. In short, habitus is neither natural, nor natural innate which \n\ncomplements humans, both psychologically and biologically (Harker, et al, 2009: 13; Barker, \n\n2018: 25) \n\nIn addition to individuals, collective habitus also needs to be studied by watching \n\nBalinese practice or shape their body by carrying out the traditions and customs of the \n\ncommunity that enable them to become individuals who are trained in placing themselves as \n\nconsumers, users of Rajah Panyengker. In order to have unity with Foucault's theory, the \n\npractice of body formation will be learned through discourses that develop in society, both in \n\nthe form of text and context. The assumption, since childhood Balinese have been involved \n\nor involved in various mystical and mystical cultural activities ranging from the environment \n\nof the house, the hamlet, and village contained in ritual ceremonies, dance, painting, and so \n\nforth. \n\nThe meeting point between practitioners' habitus and users of Panyengker's rajah \n\neventually helped shape their knowledge connotations lies in the ways of interpreting Rajah \n\nPanyengker, among others, looking for understanding, trust in leakage, and noise. \n\n \n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION \n\n1. Looking for Timber \n\nThe habit of looking for timber, safety that has been taught since childhood helped \n\nshape the cultural and mystical culture of Balinese people about Rajah Panyengker. This \n\nelement becomes very important, not only for those who have been able to focus their \n\nthoughts on God, but also who have not been able to. For those who are able, especially the \n\nSulinggih or highest priest enough to worship God using a mantra; Puspam, Palam, Toyan \n\n(Nyurya Sewana), while those who have not reached such a level, it is enough to be diligent \n\nin offering prayers. The problem is, in the midst of conditions and conditions that are full of \n\ncompetition, which in Bourdieu is called distinction, so many state officials such as regents, \n\ngovernors, and even ministers, who come to the traditional Balinese healers to look for \n\nMalaysians. The meaning of the literature is very broad, but due to the code of ethics \n\nKasulinggihan or being a priest, then whatever they get from a healer should not be explained", "start_char_idx": 9062, "end_char_idx": 11997, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "155bd612-ad7f-47bd-8fa0-b266a90a576d": {"__data__": {"id_": "155bd612-ad7f-47bd-8fa0-b266a90a576d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bff2fea7-884d-4c09-bced-03d67747a56d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "8caa7eb2ec16c101d8c84543a15237071088fbf382433e85cd413330888d6425", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "de4b66e3-2a95-4902-998a-461c209bc00d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "29ec280bf940c4c0b9a52551249574b37d5bed3eb4399e2d74e68e5aa03d6913", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n26 \n \n\nin detail in this study, he explained, all of it was part of an effort to obtain trust and safety \n\n(interview with Ida Rsi Agung Bang Pinatih, March 17, 2019). \n\nOne thing that can be said is that the more people come to traditional Balinese \n\nhealers, the more distinction in the arena of Balinese social struggle. Distinction is part of the \n\nfield or arena of struggle which is also understood as a field of strength which is a place of \n\nstruggle between individuals and between groups. People usually do not deliberately enter \n\nthe game because being born has become part of the game. There are those who lose or win \n\nin the game. The arena of social struggle is the result of a long and long process of \n\nautomatization, so it is a game in itself. People enter the game (competition with each other) \n\nusually not with an act of mindfulness, because individuals have been born in the game and \n\nwith the game (developed from the thought of Bourdieu (Haryatmoko, 2016: 50). \n\nThe field or arena of social struggle is understood as a network or configuration of \n\nobjective relations between various positions. These positions are limited by their existence \n\nand the forced determination of those who occupy them, whether actors or institutions, the \n\nactual situation, and their potential in the distribution of power or capital structures. Ownership \n\nof power that relies on capital determines access to certain benefits that are at stake in the \n\nbattle. The terrain or arena of social struggle is similar to the market. That is, there are \n\nproducers and consumers. Producers are those who have certain opposing capitals \n\n(developed from Haryatmoko, 2016: 50). \n\nNot everyone can emerge victorious in the arena of social struggle. Someone wins or \n\nloses in the field of social struggle can be seen in social practices that can be understood as \n\na person's current position in the midst of society. The concept of the arena of struggle \n\nbecomes very decisive because in all societies there are masters and masters. In this \n\ndistinction lies the basic principle of social organization. This dominance is very dependent \n\non the situation, resources and strategies of the actors (developed from Haryatmoko, 2016: \n\n51-52). \n\nIn Balinese habitus, distinction is mystically resolved, using metaphysical means, so \n\nthat as a way out people become victims of the irrational forces. They will go to their healers \n\nwhether it is sulinggih, stakeholders, and balian or indigenous physician. They have their own \n\nrules, which generally meet at a point that on Easter Day, which is repeated every three days, \n\nin accordance with the conception of the three-day cycle of considerations in the Balinese \n\ncalendar, they do not want to accept or serve patients.", "start_char_idx": 12002, "end_char_idx": 15068, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "de4b66e3-2a95-4902-998a-461c209bc00d": {"__data__": {"id_": "de4b66e3-2a95-4902-998a-461c209bc00d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "155bd612-ad7f-47bd-8fa0-b266a90a576d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "4eafa5ed7c754b7db6ccd3d2e7c96d7ccff3a2288717f85cea9541f205e80864", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7aab273f-9eb7-47e0-9a4e-78143995e563", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f8984862e5a0d691ae0bc12de43ed7c1bd2bdd3b13a506e742bfeba78a5cea42", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n27 \n \n\nOn this special day, traditional Balinese healers can use their time for personal gain, \n\nsuch as receiving visits from friends or colleagues, so they can talk freely. But the next day \n\nand the day after tomorrow, during the Beteng and Kajeng days, which also recur every three \n\ndays that freedom may be obtained again, because they have been preoccupied by their \n\nrespective patients. \n\nThe traditional Balinese healers, whatever their profession, both sulinggih, \n\nstakeholders, and balian who already have a name, its efficacy is already known by the wider \n\ncommunity. They can serve patients an average of 200-400 people each day, with working \n\nhours starting at 11:00 until 03.00 in the morning. Healers with such qualifications are usually \n\nnot to advertise themselves. Some of them try to introduce themselves through social \n\nactivities, for example, by doing free medical treatment, and even that is merely to provide \n\nmore services. Diseases suffered by patients, both skala and niksala, because they are \n\ngenerally difficult to distinguish between medical (sekala) and non-medical (niskala). In terms \n\nof class, there are curers who have patients from the lower classes to intellectual groups, and \n\neven paramedics and doctors. In terms of the area of residence, there are healers whose \n\npatients are not only Balinese, but also from America with a variety of professions, including \n\ndoctors, with various complaints as well, for example, paralyzed, internalized, and nervous \n\n(Interview with Ida Rsi Agung Bang Pinatih, March 17, 2019). \n\n \n\n2. Belief in God \n\nThere are also healers who have other meanings about the skala and niskala. In their \n\nunderstanding, especially from the balaks of the taxon there is no real, tangible disease. \n\nAlmost all diseases are caused by noetic form, not real. This belief is closely related to the \n\nimage of Dewi Dhurga who came to earth to cause havoc. Dewi Dhurga is the embodiment \n\nof Dewi Uma, who has been cursed by her husband, Dewa Shiva, for being considered too \n\ncruel to her son named Sang Hyang Kumara. Lord Shiva was very angry with his wife, then \n\ncondemned him to be a giant, and had to live in the grave of humanity, not in heaven anymore \n\n(interview with Nyoman Arnaya, pinandita Prajapati Temple on August 5, 2017) \n\nNot all practitioners of Balinese science interpret Dhurga as a creepy creature. The \n\nlevel of their interpretation of Dhurga is very much determined by their habitus. His habitus is \n\nthe result of his skills being a practical action (not necessarily always being realized) which is \n\nthen translated into an ability that seems natural and develops in the social environment of \n\nthe Balinese people. They are no longer aware of the style they have integrated into", "start_char_idx": 15073, "end_char_idx": 18139, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7aab273f-9eb7-47e0-9a4e-78143995e563": {"__data__": {"id_": "7aab273f-9eb7-47e0-9a4e-78143995e563", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "de4b66e3-2a95-4902-998a-461c209bc00d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "4e8c53c827bec652d82ca3fe7bc24f5b2b6e02514443511582910020b085c784", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "11453e1e-aff4-4627-8c7c-498f660d7007", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b83709eeaded562303e99d7bf70962b2fc4d91e4bd823215785c86335a03bac8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n28 \n \n\nthemselves. What is believed to be creative freedom is actually the result of the limitation of \n\nstructures. So, habitus becomes a source of action, thought, and representation (Bourdieu in \n\nHaryatmoko, 2016: 41). \n\nAs a source of action, thought, and representation, the habitus of Rajah Panyengker \n\npractitioners in such a way, means that Shiva has the characteristics of being immanent, \n\nnirgunam, and sagunam. So Shiwa, who is the only Deity, is depicted into two symbols, \n\nnamely the symbol of spirit and material symbol. The spirit symbol is the linggam, the material \n\nis the form. Other gods do not have that symbol. The Balinese worship Shiva from one side \n\nonly, of which Dhurga is the witness. This is because the teacher who first taught to Bali about \n\nthe Hindu concept was a teacher who was from the Shiva sect, the first time. It was only in \n\nteaching that Shiva had magic, Dhurga. But before that teaching, people did not know that \n\nDhurga was Shiva's spirit, which was destructive. Therefore, in order to avoid the influence \n\nof Dhurga, people are told to worship Shiva. In fact, Dhurga is not as scary as most people \n\neat. Dhurga is beautiful. (interview with Ida Pandita Hamlet Acharya Dhaksa on June 2, 2018; \n\ndeveloped from the results of Bourdieu's thoughts in Haryatmoko, 2016: 41) \n\nWhile in general view, the story of Dhurga as a creepy creature continues. The \n\ncollective habitus of Balinese people in such a way is their interpretation framework for \n\nunderstanding and evaluating reality and at the same time producing life practices that are \n\ncompatible with objective structures in the social space, in which Dhurga is always interpreted \n\nas illness and death. Framework for interpretation to understand and assess reality cannot \n\nbe separated. Habitus becomes the basis of individual personality. The formation and function \n\nof habitus greatly takes into account the results of regularity of behavior. The modality of \n\npractice relies on improvisation and not on obedience to rules. So, there are two reciprocal \n\nmotions, first the objective structure that is normalized; second, subjective motion (perception, \n\ngrouping, and evaluation) which reveals the results of pembatinan which are usually in the \n\nform of values (Developed from Boudieu's thought in Haryatmoko, 2016: 41) \n\nThe objective structure of the body and the two subjective movements (perception, \n\ngrouping, evaluation) in Balinese society gives birth to meaning, in which Dewi Uma is said \n\nto be unable to prevent the curse. Because of this, his body flew down to earth. At the same \n\ntime, her face which was originally beautiful, when floating in the air turned into a giant that is \n\nvery scary and scary. After arriving at the cemetery, with a breech position, head down and \n\nfeet above, he changed into Bhatari Dhurga. Here she meets a relaxation person named", "start_char_idx": 18144, "end_char_idx": 21327, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "11453e1e-aff4-4627-8c7c-498f660d7007": {"__data__": {"id_": "11453e1e-aff4-4627-8c7c-498f660d7007", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7aab273f-9eb7-47e0-9a4e-78143995e563", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "1431f3ff8d9d4263b1ed05e3a63e145482e8031644da83226f20041eebcc3f1b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d4eb2895-4fc1-49f9-98ee-b4e93c607354", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c07e1447eff59b98797f5dd9bba9516c49cebbf43ff814e9e5fff42fc5e8f5bf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n29 \n \n\nSang Kalika Maya, also a former angel who was cursed by her husband for having an affair \n\n(interview with Nyoman Arnaya, pinandita Pura Prajapati on 5 August 2017). \n\nBoth have almost the same face and body, so they are called Dewi Dhurga, who must \n\nlive off a newly buried corpse. One time they lacked food, along with the increasing number \n\nof people dying, as a result of the emergence of human awareness of the worship of Sang \n\nHyang Widhi. Unable to face this suffering, they then confronted Lord Brahma, as the God of \n\nBirth (utpati) and also as a God receiving spirit. The aim is to ask for supernatural powers to \n\nenjoy the bodies continuously. The request was fulfilled, with the condition that he must be \n\nwilling to stay at Pura Dalem (interview with Nyoman Arnaya, pinandita Pura Prajapati on 5 \n\nAugust 2017) \n\nLord Brahma issued manic features which contained the teachings of pangiwa, a \n\nblack magic also called aji ugig padengenan. The specialty can be used to create a disaster. \n\nWith this supernatural power they are able to master the Bhutans, can turn people into leaks, \n\nand spread all kinds of diseases in all directions. However, these miracles can only be used \n\nat certain times, especially for people who do not like praying to the Creator (interview with \n\nNyoman Arnaya, pinandita Pura Prajapati on 5 August 2017). \n\nBhuta-Bhuti is a subordinate of Bhatari Dhurga, while the leak is a figure of the human \n\nbody that looks like Bhuta-Bhuti, because it has received Pangeleakan Pamoroan knowledge \n\nfrom Dhurga Dewi and Kalika Maya. To counter them, Lord Brahma followed the knowledge \n\ncalled Pangeleakan Sari, who had a good character, had the ability to put all evil beings to \n\nsleep so that they could not do the action (interview with Nyoman Arnaya, pinandita Prajapati \n\nTemple on August 5, 2017). \n\n \n\n3. Pangeleakan \n\nThe discourse regarding pangeleakan permeated the majority of Balinese that \n\nleakage was born from the science of pangiwa. They believe that the aspirants of pangiwa \n\nrequire sacrifice by finding fault with others to become potential victims. For the sake of \n\nobtaining trust, they went to the practitioners of Balinese knowledge and wanted to get Rajah \n\nPanyengker, as a means that was considered the easiest and most effective. The existence \n\nof this request, is one of the factors that determine why there are practitioners today who still \n\ninterpret Rajah Panyengker as a means to get understanding. Many of them just follow \n\nconsumer demand, without ever asking the question why should Rajah Panyengker, not other", "start_char_idx": 21332, "end_char_idx": 24219, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d4eb2895-4fc1-49f9-98ee-b4e93c607354": {"__data__": {"id_": "d4eb2895-4fc1-49f9-98ee-b4e93c607354", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "11453e1e-aff4-4627-8c7c-498f660d7007", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "5f245ceeafb95fbd352c6916018feeaa8477934706f224d58d9dafc44df24e69", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a926da14-50e4-4d15-975e-01547dc7598b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1194aaeee719fecfe68d711f9ee785c4999853876bdcc681c45447b3df8976a3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n30 \n \n\nmeans. What's wrong with Rajah Panyengker, so that he gets such a special position in the \n\nline of means to get wealth (interview with Wayan Turun, 3 July 2019) \n\nThe answer to that question, in Foucault's language, must be sought in habitus, daily \n\nhabits that have been passed down for generations in Balinese. When looking for prey, \n\npeople who can move are able to change themselves in various forms, according to the level \n\nof knowledge. The first level is a person who can turn himself into an ape, goat, male pig, big \n\npig (bangkal) female pig (bangkung), a type of bull (gegendu), and the tower bearer (bade) \n\n(interview with I Nyoman Suardika, 60 years in Denpasar, April 14, 2017). \n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n\n \nSome illustrations of the manifestation of a leak \n\nSource: I Made Subagia, 2015: 193-199", "start_char_idx": 24224, "end_char_idx": 25325, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a926da14-50e4-4d15-975e-01547dc7598b": {"__data__": {"id_": "a926da14-50e4-4d15-975e-01547dc7598b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d4eb2895-4fc1-49f9-98ee-b4e93c607354", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "e7f5817b27ee591989a8d175d8ec2844aeadb5b32815675013444d6a85e60e6d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5f04e796-d0f2-4f30-ba12-250f834da91e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "92a701b862df94b237e5ebf200f91c8572e2f53c90b22a58b0176305ea1531a4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n31 \n \n\n \n\nOn that basis, older people, usually like to scare him, which in the grave, under a \n\nbanyan tree, often seen Leak, can be celuluk, rangda, monkeys, and stretch of gauze. There \n\nare also leaks in the form of chickens, dogs, banana trees, motorcycles, cars, docks, and \n\nbicycle dipper. Even if you can talk about mystical things like that, enough people who have \n\nnever seen it directly. They only know from scenes of folk art performances. In everyday life, \n\npeople only know of leakage by word of mouth, that Person A or Person B is learning to speak \n\n(interview with I Nyoman Suardika, 60 years in Denpasar, April 14, 2017). \n\nThat said, the efficacy of the knowledge of people who can move depends on the \n\noffering of human lives for Batari Dhurga. If someone is able to offer a loved one, husband or \n\nwife, then he can rise to a higher level. If they want to master higher knowledge, they must \n\nbe able to offer human lives, especially their own children. A boy's life is higher in value than \n\na girl's. Some even sacrifice their son-in-law and grandchildren (interview with I Nyoman \n\nSuardika, 60 years old in Denpasar, April 14, 2017). \n\nThus the confidence in the leak also determines why there are practitioners today who \n\nstill interpret Rajah Panyengker as a means of obtaining trust. Trust in leakage passes from \n\nperiod to period, a person born in the 1970s can already be said to have knowledge of \n\nconnections about leakage in the 1980s, whose maturity differs from one another according \n\nto their esoteric experiences with each other.  \n\nThose born in the 1980s, got that maturity in the 2000s. \n\nBelief in leakage is often one of the factors that determine a person who holds a \n\ngrudge against the accused who is said to be the main culprit behind someone's illness, one \n\nof the family members, whether it is the father's mother or siblings. The accused party is \n\nusually anonymous, referred to by Balian Dasaran as layah-gigi or tongue and teeth, which \n\nmeans the closest person, for example grandparents or uncles themselves. Next, how \n\nsomeone responds to that information. It turns out that the response is very diverse, many \n\npeople just believe, so there is hostility in their own families. There are also those who are \n\ncurious, so they feel the need to investigate first to prove the truth. \n\nThose who choose the second path, first ask themselves, want to prove how and who \n\nthe person who hurt his relatives is. This question led him to carry out a kind of experiment \n\nbetween praying, walking to many temples. For the sake of getting magical experiences, \n\nsome even end up staying overnight, sleeping in temples and in graves. People who dare to \n\ngo that far, usually will get a mystical clue, that he must learn a lot to be able to find and prove", "start_char_idx": 25332, "end_char_idx": 28432, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5f04e796-d0f2-4f30-ba12-250f834da91e": {"__data__": {"id_": "5f04e796-d0f2-4f30-ba12-250f834da91e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a926da14-50e4-4d15-975e-01547dc7598b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "0d54015a06ca5474a9180ac5726bb9aee64eaa4c5f27a23936d69a8517ade1b5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c341e053-76ac-46ab-b8ce-b206acf036c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "402d725cb5a07970ff28bea49c10cda892ff71f2ec06f50654714de83e7c943d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n32 \n \n\nhis own answers to the questions he asked, so as not to accuse innocent people (Jro Mangku \n\nNyoman Aryanta Sutama Pasemetonan Bayu Wisesa Founder Segara Gni, June 10, 2019). \n\n \n\n4. Means of Murder \n\nIn order to have the highest knowledge of circumvention, there are also those who \n\nunderstand that they must be able to kill people from the quarterly group (Brahmins, Kshatriya \n\nand Wesia). It's not easy to do, unless there is an opportunity to kill him through picks, poisons \n\nthat cannot be proven legally. Cetik is not an ordinary poison, but a noetic poison, which is \n\nonly able to be detected and known by those whose knowledge is higher than the perpetrators \n\nwho installed it, because it cannot be seen, smelled and felt (interview with I Nyoman \n\nSuardika, 60 years in Denpasar, April 14 2017). \n\nIf there is no opportunity to use cetik, killing can also be done by using other means \n\nsuch as remembrance and hospitality. Papasangan is an object that is filled with magical or \n\nmagical power, and is planted in the ground or hidden secretly in a certain place to cause \n\ndisaster, which has various forms, such as bones, animal fangs, animal teeth, rontal leaves \n\nthat have been colonized, hair, paper face, cloth that has been given a magical painting \n\n(interview with I Nyoman Suardika, 60 years in Denpasar, April 14, 2017). \n\nKnowledge of the mystical world is usually passed on through everyday stories to \n\nchildren and grandchildren, so that it always lives from generation to generation with different \n\nvariations. Internalization of knowledge connainsance is one of the reasons why there are \n\npractitioners today who still interpret Rajah Panyengker as a means to gain understanding. \n\nBecause to say now a lot of Balinese people who are looking for healers, both sulinggih, \n\nstakeholders, and balian to get intercession by relying on Rajah Panyengker. For Balinese, \n\nsulinggih and stakeholders are not only saints who are in charge of leading and perfecting a \n\nceremony, but are also able to provide services to make Rajah Panyengker. They are \n\ndistinguished in authority, including Sulinggih whose position, knowledge, obligations are \n\nabove the stakeholders may make a tirta pangentas, something that is not owned by the \n\nstakeholders. There are also sulinggih and intruders who are willing to provide healing and \n\nprotection services through Rajah Panyengker (interview with Nyoman Arnaya, pinandita \n\nPrajapati Temple on August 5, 2017). \n\nBalian is a person who really needs help as an alternative healer for non-medical pain. \n\nThere are so many types of diseases, including an enlarged abdomen, swollen legs, but can \n\nsurvive several months ago died. Often there are medical illnesses that have not been cured,", "start_char_idx": 28437, "end_char_idx": 31491, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c341e053-76ac-46ab-b8ce-b206acf036c2": {"__data__": {"id_": "c341e053-76ac-46ab-b8ce-b206acf036c2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5f04e796-d0f2-4f30-ba12-250f834da91e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "6acbb03637b19b50e97a8693d8941b5d503d154d049916b0266145cde5127c98", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f405e928-eae2-49b4-bb70-5f51698c2b17", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4f9c7954f3b5cc4d10102b12239d885cc6d2a2c0421154f460f264bef40dcd58", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n33 \n \n\nassociated with pangeleakan, especially when the doctors have not been able to cure it, after \n\nseveral times of doing treatment. The existence of this confusion resulted in a large number \n\nof people from various corners of the village and even the city seeking treatment of traditional \n\nhealers who were considered appropriate, suitable, especially in balian. During treatment, \n\npatients are usually delivered by relatives, including young children, because no one takes \n\ncare of them if left at home (interview with I Nyoman Suardika, 60 years in Denpasar, April \n\n14, 2017). \n\nAt such times the process of increasing habitus begins to take place unnoticed. This \n\nsocialization process is more intense in those who live close to a balian's house. Thus, often \n\nthey can see people coming in to get their ties. Some even come to the balian house to play \n\naround and can indirectly see how the balian deal with their patients. There are many methods \n\nused by balian to do medicine, among others using heirlooms, which can be called paica \n\nwhich is obtained by magic or through strange experiences. A thing that is known, felt, and \n\nunderstood by itself. Many people also get experiences like that and then become \n\nstakeholders and eventually increase to sulinggih (Interview with Nyoman Arnaya, pinandita \n\nPura Prajapati on 5 August 2017) \n\nPeople who get paica, then become a healer called balian Kapican, as has been \n\nwidely discussed in the previous chapter. Paica can be in the form of small Kris, gemstones, \n\nbones, teeth, iron or other metals, shiny teeth (stone axes) or other oddly shaped objects. \n\nThe power of paica is not eternal, it depends on morality. Sometimes due to moral decline, \n\nthe luck is reduced so that it is easily defeated by the enemy, which is believed to originate \n\nfrom the source of the disease. There are also those who died from losing the \"war,\" while \n\ncompeting supernatural powers against another, who felt unhappy about his presence \n\n(interview with I Nyoman Suardika, 60 years in Denpasar, April 14, 2017). \n\nIn the Balinese belief, being a balian is very hard work, because he is not only dealing \n\nwith the illnesses suffered by his patients, but also those who hurt him, usually balian who at \n\nthe same time can be referred to as pangiwa balian. This balian profile is different from \n\npanegen balian. They tend to accept orders to harm or hurt others, while the panengen balian \n\ndevoted his special knowledge as a healer, not willing to hurt patients. But if the knowledge \n\n(supernatural) possessed by Panian is less than his enemy, then the risk is he could die. \n\nMany pangiwa balian who are not happy to see how the treatment, which often directly \n\naccuses people who are believed to have been nosy to their patients (interview with Nyoman \n\nArnaya, pinandita Prajapati Temple on August 5, 2017)", "start_char_idx": 31496, "end_char_idx": 34656, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f405e928-eae2-49b4-bb70-5f51698c2b17": {"__data__": {"id_": "f405e928-eae2-49b4-bb70-5f51698c2b17", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c341e053-76ac-46ab-b8ce-b206acf036c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "792b52fe443af34ccbbc52e4b030a1e2869ed22ea097ff45658aa2c96b5ac836", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5eeed6af-db21-4a69-af5f-c5a9dd121e13", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ba2d8882a42c21ad4f67ce00d62fc2712b8b800e02a3b73e3f6704568c3a1dd5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n34 \n \n\n \n\n5. Kanda Pat \n\nLearning can be done by self-taught and using a teacher, which means it must refer \n\nto the ejection and can be selected the most appropriate material. If you want to answer a \n\nproblem regarding misallocation, then what is considered the most appropriate is ejection \n\nKanda Pat. Studying Kanda Pat apparently did not need to master the Balinese script, as has \n\nbeen discussed in previous chapters, but rather just using palm-leaf copies of Kanda Pat. So \n\nit's not the script that plays an important role, but the pronunciation of the language. \n\nLanguage became important in the development of Kanda Pat because in it the \n\nfollowers of this kind of flow or learning found in it a world for itself, a place which he \n\nconsidered to be sturdy enough to be the foundation when they freed Kanda Pat from the \n\nconfines of the alphabet and mastered it. When they believe in the concept of Kanda Pat \n\nwithout this script as they believe in the truth of the concept, they master it all and feel more \n\nspecial than the followers of Kanda Pat. At such times they truly believe Kanda Pat's language \n\nencapsulates knowledge of the healing world in Balinese style. The creator of Kanda Pat \n\nwithout the script was so proud of himself that they didn't just give the name to Pat Kanda. \n\nThrough language, their words (not letters) explain their perfect knowledge of Kanda Pat, and \n\nmake Kanda Pat illiterate as the first stage in the search for Rajah Panyengker without letters \n\n(developed from Nietzsche's thought in Michel Foucault, 1997: 7-8; Eiseman , 2000: 105-107) \n\nThe language in the Kanda Pat ejection is very necessary to be matched with esoteric \n\nexperiences, which are obtained while spending the night in the area of temples, graves and \n\nother places that have a mystical aura Not everyone is brave and willing to take the path of \n\nlearning Kanda Pat in this way. Usually those who follow these methods are those who \n\ngenetically have a lineage of a balian who still continues in the present. Those who are \n\ngenetically descendants of balian will find it easier to find mystical clues. Clues like this should \n\nnot be interpreted obtained through dreams or hearing magical sounds. Such statements are \n\none of the mistakes of the aspirants, who often believe the instructions they hear through \n\nwhispers in the ear. Even though when referring to literature, isn't Atman who is a Brahman \n\nspark with stana in the body, heart (linggih Shiva Lingga), not in the head, so the collegiate \n\nof ati is the right one. So, do not believe in what is heard in the ear, must be sure of what your \n\nown heart says. That is what is called conscience, Kleteg ati (Jro Mangku Nyoman Aryanta \n\nSutama, founder of Pasemetonan Bayu Wisesa Segara Gni, 10 June 2019).", "start_char_idx": 34661, "end_char_idx": 37742, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5eeed6af-db21-4a69-af5f-c5a9dd121e13": {"__data__": {"id_": "5eeed6af-db21-4a69-af5f-c5a9dd121e13", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60586", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "13335b11f760fe2b38d0a1cfdd0cd946139438d085cf1a5423d9804cbd8a6278", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f405e928-eae2-49b4-bb70-5f51698c2b17", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "bf36b5dbb1e1b158c79cf91376487de452ce07f957e21ac2d789ad8874dc0351", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d128eace-5758-41f0-84b7-36bc734b872c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d46a835db419a7ff7aa7095a5505be5d9059fea23f7ae1f29ced6afb95b57f15", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 22-35   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n35 \n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nBy using Bourdieu's generative structural theory as a basis for thinking, this study is \n\nable to explain why there are practitioners today who still interpret Rajah Panyengker \n\n(mystical script) as a means of obtaining understanding, salvation. The use of the theory \n\nmakes this study not to slip on the approach of Modern Marxism and Phenomenology. Thus \n\nthis study is not trapped in the desire to seek positive truth about the origin or background of \n\npractitioners interpreting Rajah Penyengker. The final result obtained from this study is a \n\nknowledge of the arena of social struggle of Rajah Panyengker practitioners today, so that it \n\ncan be seen that the needs of Rajah Penyengker users have fostered practitioners' \n\nenthusiasm for capital conversion. Through capital conversion they hope to emerge victorious \n\nin the arena of social struggle. The size of the level of capital ownership that is the result of \n\nhabitus that has undergone an internalization process will determine the chances of victory \n\nin the arena of struggle of today's Rajah Panyengker practitioners. \n\n \n   \nREFERENCES \n\nBarker, Chris. 2018. Kamus Kajian Budaya (Trj.Hendar Putranto). Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius. \n\nEiseman JR., Fred B. 2000. Bali Sekala and Niskala Volume 1: Essay on Religion, Ritual, \nand Art. Singapore : Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. \n\nFoucault, Michel. 1997. Sejarah Seksualitas : Seks dan Kekuasaan. (Terj. Rahayu. S. \nHidayat). Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. \n\nHarker, Richard, et al. 2009. (Habitus x Modal) + Ranah = Praktik:  Pengantar Paling \nKomprehensif kepada Pemikiran Piere Bourdieu. (terj. Pipit Maizier). Yogyakarta: \nJalasutra. \n\nHaryatmoko.2016. Membongkar Rezim Kepastian. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. \n\nNeuman, W. Lawrence. 2017. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial: Pendekatan Kualitatif dan \nKuantitatif. (terj. Edina T. Sofia). Jakarta: PT Indek Permata Puri Media.  \n\nSilalahi, Ulber. 2012. Metode Penelitian Sosial.  Bandung: Refika Aditama. \n\nSubagia, I Made. 2015. Menyingkap Tabir Leak. Denpasar : Pustaka Manikgeni.", "start_char_idx": 37750, "end_char_idx": 40100, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d128eace-5758-41f0-84b7-36bc734b872c": {"__data__": {"id_": "d128eace-5758-41f0-84b7-36bc734b872c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5eeed6af-db21-4a69-af5f-c5a9dd121e13", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60586", "author": "Anadhi, I Made Gede; Suarka, I Nyoman; Sukiada, I Nyoman; Wijaya, I Nyoman", "title": " THE SOCIAL STRUGGLE OF PRACTICES CONTEMPORARY RAJAH PANYENGKER IN BALI", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60586.pdf"}, "hash": "b80bb19b6c23ee830513afba1074463804e7a1e8e797da3fd859bc69496c115c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "417f183e-2a50-4ef1-854a-01491a2384d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4d18c19adf21a6b67f542f82f7282bf975144d595d32e6a54565bcba27a33fca", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Microsoft Word - Artikel Ginaya 5\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n36 \n \n\n \nTHE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST  \n\nMARKET OF BALI TOURISM \n \n\nGede Ginaya1, A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara2, I Nyoman Darma Putra3,  \nI Nyoman Sukiada4 \n\n \n \n\n1Tourism Department Politeknik Negeri Bali,2,3,4Cultural Studies Study Program, Faculty of \nArts, Udayana University \n\n \nemail: ginaya@pnb.ac.id, 2anom_kumbara@unud.ac.id,3idarmaputra@yahoo.com,  \n\n4nyomansukiada@yahoo.com  \n \n\n \nReceived Date : 19-12-2019 \nAccepted Date : 25-01-2019 \nPublished Date : 29-02-2020 \n\n \nABSTRACT \n\n \nA professional tour guide is regarded as a front-liner of the tourism and the ambassador of \nhis/her country. Therefore, the performace of a tour guide is very important as a quality \nassurance of services in order to fulfill the tourists\u2019 satisfaction.  One of the important things \nto satisfy the tourists is through mastering the language, because if the tour guide speaks the \nlanguage fluently and accurately, the commucation will be well maintained and all information \ncan be successfully delivered. In this case, mastering Russian language, which is categorized \ninto one of the latest foreign languages in the tourism business of Bali, is deemly needed by \nthe Russian tourists in order to get sufficient information about the culture of the indigenous \ncommunity. This study aimes at investigating the mastery level of the tour guide\u2019s Russian \nlanguage related to the struggle of symbolic capital between foreign representatives and local \ntour guides. By applying a descriptive qualitative research, the data was collected through \nobservation, interview, and document review. The theory used to undertake this study is \nBourdieu\u2019s social practice theory which involves capital, habitus, and field. The data that has \nbeen classified is analyzed by qualitative descriptive method with an inductive-metodological \nparadigm which is seting up the discussion from particular principles to the general in order \nto obtain a conclusion. The result of data analys is presented by formal and informal method. \nThe study reveals that the mastery of Russian language for a professional tour guide has \nbeen proven to compete with foreign tour guides in preserving the Balinese culture and \nempowering local community in tourism participation.  \n \nKeywords:   Russian language, professional tour guide, capital symbolic.                  \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\nTourism in Indonesia has now increased from year to year in line with the government's \n\ncommitment, especially the Ministry of Tourism to promote Indonesia, which consists of \n\nthousands of islands, so that there are several well-known and newly introduced tourist", "start_char_idx": 42, "end_char_idx": 3007, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "417f183e-2a50-4ef1-854a-01491a2384d1": {"__data__": {"id_": "417f183e-2a50-4ef1-854a-01491a2384d1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d128eace-5758-41f0-84b7-36bc734b872c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "7a91bfc1a7c8b01172dd76d26b57349e157d9070e8836d3dcdaa66728e654189", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "79dd5800-0d44-4a98-a8a7-d69a91b6d9ef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "c384b021076971799a2495c5c33bf30a2cf61dbff0d31976b0ad74ca97b0893e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n37 \n \n\ndestinations. Some of these tourist destinations are spread from the western to eastern parts \n\nof Indonesia, such as North Sumatra with Lake Toba attractions and Samosir island, Bangka \n\nBelitung (Babel) as new tourist destinations, Kalimantan Island with its mascot of orangutans \n\nand Dayak culture, Bali and beyond (Bali) such as NTB, NTT, Maluku, and Papua, which are \n\nincorporated in Corridor VI for Eastern Indonesia. Especially for Bali, which already has a \n\nname as the best tourist destination in the world, it is expected to help promote other tourist \n\ndestinations, as this goal of tourism development was exibited at the Bali and Beyond Travel \n\nFair (BBTF) 26-29 June 2018. The annual event took place in Bali Nusa Dua Convention \n\nCenter (BNDCC) cooperated with other tourist destinations in Indonesia including 10 newly-\n\ndeveloped destinations. \n\nBali is famous as a tourist destination, because it has a variety of tourism potential such \n\nas natural beauty, cultural uniqueness, and the social life of the majority of the Hindu \n\ncommunity. Balinese culture as an asset or attraction has made Bali a lot of foreign tourists \n\nvisiting from Asia, Australia, Africa and Europe. Today lots of tourists from Eastern Europe, \n\nespecially Russia, also come to Bali. Russia's new tourist visit is relatively new after the \n\ncollapse of the Communists from the Soviet Union in the era of the 90s (Fadillah, 2006: 1) \n\nwhich made the Russian country open to its citizens to travel abroad and this proves the \n\nexistence of a global cultural flow, especially the ethnoscape proposed by Appadurai. \n\nCompared with other tourists, especially from Western European countries, America and \n\nJapan, Russian tourists are classified as new tourists visiting Bali. Additionally, the arrival of \n\nRussian tourists to Bali is a breath of fresh air amidst the saturated market share of Western \n\nand Japanese tourists. The community enthusiastically studied Russian at foreign language \n\ncourse institutions so that they could handle Russian tourists at a travel agency that handles \n\nRussian tourists. Not only limited to guides who have experience learning Russian, young \n\npeople who do not have a license guide also learn Russian. After they master the Russian \n\nlanguage and take part in a training guide at a travel agency, they attend a tour guide training \n\norganized by the Provincial Tourism Office to obtain a tour guide identification card or license. \n\nMastery of Russian language (Bagari\u0107 and Djigunovi\u0107 2007: 95)  by the tour guides is very \n\ninfluential on the assessment of Russian tourists as service users who make visits to a tourist \n\ndestination and ultimately encourage maintaining the company\u2019s image and even increase \n\nthe number of tourist visits. One important factor in maintaining the company's reputation is \n\nthe quality of service. Service is an action taken to fulfill the customer desire for a product or \n\nservice they need, this action is done to give satisfaction to customers to fulfill what they need.", "start_char_idx": 3012, "end_char_idx": 6352, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "79dd5800-0d44-4a98-a8a7-d69a91b6d9ef": {"__data__": {"id_": "79dd5800-0d44-4a98-a8a7-d69a91b6d9ef", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "417f183e-2a50-4ef1-854a-01491a2384d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "372729644e278122d837bcebc431169c3fb06b3c80ff045192a610fbfcc8dec6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "274b59c8-66b6-4df0-b2f7-ad768ec1b80a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f2d476f49ab1e78e7c027484d59dab2e2d26824d4241e6eb07235765cf150aef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n38 \n \n\nThe purpose of each service company is to provide what customers or consumers consider \n\nquality feelings. 'Feelings' means that the quality expected is already in the minds of \n\nconsumers (Prihatno, 2010). Businesses in the service sector that want to be able to compete \n\nbased on service quality must feel they have better service than their competitors. Business \n\nprofits are usually due to the relatively better quality of the product or service. The satisfaction \n\nof Russian tourists is determined by some of the quality of services received by these tourists. \n\nThe quality of service received by Russian tourists can be provided by airlines that transport \n\ntourists, travel agents through office staff, guides, tourist transport and drivers, hotels where \n\ntourists stay, restaurants, objects and tourist attractions when tourists do tour activities. In this \n\ncase, the tour guide\u2019s delivering speech in Russian language is a very important factor to \n\nprovide the counter from negative stigma made by foreign tour guides as Russian native \n\nspeakers that the local tour guides are lack of mastering Russian language. As a matter of \n\nfact, there is an imbalance of the management of the Russian tourist market in Bali tourism, \n\nas it is according to Bourdieu (2012) social domination occurs. A communication that takes \n\nplace between the local community and foreign investors originating from Russia in the \n\ndevelopment of Bali's tourism can just happen symbolically with a party that is consciously or \n\nunconsciously dominated. Likewise with those who dominate, of course, have several factors \n\nor strong reasons so that the process of domination occurs. In interacting or communicating, \n\nthere is usually a party that engages in an attitude of dominance with the aim that the party \n\nthat is dominated obeys to the dominant. This attitude of domination can be the basis of an \n\nact of social violence that results in injustice towards the dominated party. \n\nHaryatmoko (2010: 3) said that the covert attitude of domination produces obedience, \n\ncritical attitude, skepticism, which covers or justifies injustice. If domination continues, it will \n\nresult in discrimination, violence, and injustice. Covert domination that occurs in social \n\ninteraction can not just happen. There is a reason why an attitude of domination can occur \n\nfrom those who dominate against those who are dominated. The background of the dominant \n\nparty can be the reason because in the life of the community since the past until the present \n\nthere is already a name strata or levels of society. \n\nThere are differences in the elements of society from the highest to the lowest, that the \n\nhighest elements of society such as the owners of travel businesses and tourist \n\naccommodation will symbolically have the highest authority as well. These reasons can be \n\nstrong why the attitude of dominance can occur in the management of the Russian tourist \n\nmarket in travel agencies and tourist accommodation. This is in accordance with the opinion", "start_char_idx": 6357, "end_char_idx": 9697, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "274b59c8-66b6-4df0-b2f7-ad768ec1b80a": {"__data__": {"id_": "274b59c8-66b6-4df0-b2f7-ad768ec1b80a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "79dd5800-0d44-4a98-a8a7-d69a91b6d9ef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "e76b9b92eb0f9cf98a83062650286ca655dca31c413eb1589f66680b7fdbf6f6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cfe9f068-6001-4484-9865-2c24a99ba6a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "9a63da0353a533ef4863c478df8586cd96a72f8f1a26747b4fd425e1aa61e667", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n39 \n \n\nof Haryatmoko (2010: 17) that all people are always in control and controlled. This dominance \n\ntakes place in the situation, resources (capital), and the actor's strategy. Mapping the relations \n\nof power and capital composition. Therefore, the key concept of Pierre Bourdieu's thought \n\nabout symbolic domination is divided into four parts namely, capital, class, habitus, and \n\nsymbolic power or violence (Alfianto, 2017). \n\nFrom the description of the background above, in order to be able to examine more deeply \n\nthe mastery of Russian language from the point of view of service quality and tourist \n\nsatisfaction, a study was conducted to investigate the improvement of the tourguide Russian \n\nlanguage mastery as a quality service that gives satisfaction to tourists. \n\n \n\nResearch Metodology \n\nResearch on improving Russian language mastery and tourist satisfaction is qualitative \n\ndescriptive. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data is data that is \n\ndirectly obtained based on observations when guides explain some of the tourist objects in \n\nBali, and direct interviews with 25 Russian-language guides as respondents of this study \n\ndetermined based on snowball sampling techniques. Snowball sampling technique is one of \n\nthe non-probability sampling techniques in qualitative research by looking for key informants \n\nin field research that helps researchers find other key informants or open access to \n\nrespondents to be studied (Bungin, 2001). In making observations, in addition to observing \n\nguides in explaining tourism objects, it is also possible to observe competent involvement \n\ntechniques (Muhammad: 207), namely researchers involved in the discussion and observing \n\nthe use of the language of the speakers. Whereas secondary data is data obtained from the \n\nsearch results of questionnaires in several travel agents that handle Russian tourists in Bali. \n\nThis questionnaire is usually filled by Russian tourists before leaving for their country. \n\nSubsequent data were analyzed with qualitative descriptive methods based on an \n\ninductive methodological paradigm. That is, a paradigm that departs from something specific \n\nto something common (Ginaya, 2018). With descriptive analysis method, the data that has \n\nbeen collected in the form of an increase in mastery of Russian language and tourist \n\nsatisfaction is described in full so that finally obtained a conclusion regarding the increase in \n\nmastery of Russian language by guides and factors that influence the increase in mastery of \n\nRussian language including service dimension factors against Russian tourists in determining \n\ntourist satisfaction. The results of the study are presented with formal and informal methods. \n\nAccording to Sudaryanto (1993: 145) informal presentation methods are presenting the", "start_char_idx": 9702, "end_char_idx": 12820, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cfe9f068-6001-4484-9865-2c24a99ba6a6": {"__data__": {"id_": "cfe9f068-6001-4484-9865-2c24a99ba6a6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "274b59c8-66b6-4df0-b2f7-ad768ec1b80a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "0116d9a48d374d8a499da73d602e902f1e9e57b810dc9c9785626c8f74d27093", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "44dfad51-1e91-45d3-838a-d152bd74f54d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "00b1936104af467c6c19c53dbaa4413c09ef240addfe71c3698fc1165881970b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n40 \n \n\nresults of analysis with descriptions or ordinary words, while the formal presentation method \n\nis the formulation with signs and symbols According to Muhammad (Ginaya, 2018) symbols \n\nor signs are used for present or formulate the results of the analysis so that the meaning of \n\nthe method, the relationship between the methods, and the characteristics of the method can \n\nbe known and understood. \n\n  \n\n  \n\n \n\nResults and Discussion \n\nRussian tourists who visit Bali as an international tourist destination have hopes of \n\nexperience about natural charm and especially cultural uniqueness. As a customer or \n\ncustomer service tourism industry in general, the hope of Russian tourists is a motivation to \n\nsatisfy the needs of tourists themselves. In this case Russian tourists who come to Bali have \n\ntraveled very far so that they have high expectations of quality of service in order to get \n\nsatisfaction. The expectations of tourists can be illustrated as the motivation to purchase a \n\nproduct and service related to basic human needs and desires, as stated by Maslow in his \n\nmotivation theory. This section will describe the results of the study obtained through direct \n\nobservation and interviews of guides in handling Russian tourists in Bali and the results of \n\ndocument studies. The results of the study were described in a descriptive qualitative manner \n\nby describing the mastery of pramuwista Russian language which increased along with the \n\ndynamics of the confusion of Russian tourists over the years and the factors influencing the \n\nincrease in Russian language instruction by guides in relation to the dimensions of service \n\nfor tourist satisfaction. \n\n \n\n1. Russian Language Mastery of the Tour Guide \n\nThe satisfaction of Russian tourists towards the services provided by guides is directly \n\nrelated to the performance of guides themselves, especially from aspects of language \n\nacquisition. If the level of mastery of Russian is low, then the performance of guides is below \n\nexpectations and tourists are not satisfied. Conversely, if the level of mastery of Russian is \n\nhigh, then the performance of guide guides meets expectations and satisfied tourists. The \n\narrival of Russian tourists to Bali about 20 years ago with the dynamics of his visit on the \n\nisland of the gods requires guides with Russian language specialization to handle them. The \n\nrole of the Russian-language tour guide is very important whose job is to provide information", "start_char_idx": 12825, "end_char_idx": 15601, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "44dfad51-1e91-45d3-838a-d152bd74f54d": {"__data__": {"id_": "44dfad51-1e91-45d3-838a-d152bd74f54d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cfe9f068-6001-4484-9865-2c24a99ba6a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "996c9dbecf819b724c4b2e41033e525fa7d41e126cf9e2bb5b22f66ab0936796", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bed06b8a-7513-44b6-95bf-bb990aadbee0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a51701984433c8a1f953d55c0b3cdf0c1fceb35659507bcc1ac821a110e89d73", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n41 \n \n\nservices to tourists where their Russian language mastery has experienced dynamic \n\ndevelopment if traced from the beginning of its arrival to the present. \n\nAt the beginning of the arrival of Russian tourists in Bali mastery of their Russian language \n\nis so minimal, but tourists still understand it and try to do a communication in the context of \n\nsurvival where guides try hard to make tourists understand the information conveyed, on the \n\nother hand tourists also try to capture the idea delivered with language media that is still \n\nminimal. Apart from the perfection of a language communication tourists have been well \n\nserved. This is evidenced by the increasing enthusiasm of tourists to buy optional tours and \n\nvisit various attractions with guides. Complaints in the form of language acquisition delivered \n\nby Russian tourists at the beginning of his arrival in Bali were the lack of mastery of Russian \n\nlanguage guides. This is considered normal considering that Russian language is a foreign \n\nlanguage that is classified as very new among tourism actors in Bali. But over time these \n\nassumptions are refuted because guides have learned a lot to improve their Russian \n\nlanguage skills through intensive practice with tourists and the help of digital technology to \n\naccess material in Russian and with Google translate is easy in vocabulary mastery. Even \n\nthrough social media they can interact with tourists or fellow guides with Russian-language \n\ntext literacy. This is a very positive development in mastering Russian language. \n\nTo determine the level of satisfaction of Russian tourists on the quality of tour guides \n\nthrough mastering Russian language in Bali, it was analyzed descriptively from the results of \n\nfield observations and direct interviews with guides who handled Russian tourists as primary \n\ndata sources. The results of this observation and interview were also supported by the results \n\nof the document study as secondary data in the form of questionnaire forms completed by \n\nRussian tourists before they departed to their countries. Every travel agency that handles \n\nRussian tourists in Bali must provide the questionnaire form and give it to guides who pick up \n\nRussian tourists for transfer-out. \n\nBased on the results of observations and direct interviews with 25 Russian-language \n\nguides as respondents to this study, it was found that the guide had mastered Russian at the \n\nintermediate level (advanced) to advanced level. This was demonstrated through the results \n\nof their performance when explaining information on tourist attractions such as the Batuan \n\ntemple, Goa Gajah, Tirta Empul, Besakih, Tanah Lot, Taman Ayun, Uluwatu, and natural \n\nattractions such as the Batur geo-park site, frequent terrace cultural heritage Jatiluwih, Ubud \n\nmonkey forest, Bedugul botanical garden. The tourist attraction has been worldwide and \n\nrequires an explanation of the philosophical, religious, historical aspects that relate to \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n42 \n \n\nBalinese culture and cannot be separated from the beliefs held by the Balinese people, \n\nnamely Hinduism. \n\nExplanations provided by guides are carried out in Russian fluently and complete \n\ninformation. They explained the various functions and grammar of Russian language. This is \n\nthe focus of this research considering that Russian language has 6 types of case forms, \n\nnamely nominative (N), accusative (A), datif (D), genitive (G), instrumental (I), and \n\nprepositional (P). The use of the case form in a sentence context will show how varied \n\nRussian-language guides are in terms of accuracy. Therefore, the expression of sentences \n\nthat are expressed will experience a change in the context that is subject to a case form both \n\nin the noun and adjective. The imposition of this case will be more complex because the \n\nRussian language noun is classified in masculine, feminine, neutral form and each gender \n\nnoun is divided into singular and plural. In addition, the verb undergoes conjugation depends \n\non the subject and changes occur in accordance with the form of the times and aspects of \n\nboth the perfective and imperative aspects.", "start_char_idx": 15606, "end_char_idx": 20340, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bed06b8a-7513-44b6-95bf-bb990aadbee0": {"__data__": {"id_": "bed06b8a-7513-44b6-95bf-bb990aadbee0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "44dfad51-1e91-45d3-838a-d152bd74f54d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "b4e380653c5f780998bfe70516e795a7a49bfb4f58230e956e196682dd3013b5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e8e9acd0-5227-4b57-90b5-a5d4b6007bda", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "60450ba4329dcca3eec33d57cdd038769042f32220c7b39c3533f760a1f55c37", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Table 1 below shows changes in noun forms in 6 \n\ntypes of case forms. \n\nTabel 1. The form of noun in Russian cases \n\n \nCase \n\nNoun \nMasculine feminin Neutral \n\nsingular Plural singular plural singular plural \nN \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442 \n\n/bilyet/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440\u044c \n/slowar/ \n\u043cy\u0437e\u0439 \n/muzei/ \n\n\u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b \n/bilyetiy/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440\u0438  \n/slawari/ \n\u041cy\u0437e\u0439 \n/muzei/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442a \n/gazeta/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u044f \n/nidyelya/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u044c \n/ploshad/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442\u044b \n/gazeti/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u0438 \nnidyeli/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u0438 \n/ploshadi/ \n \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043bo \n/dila/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438e \n/uprazheneniye/ \n\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f \n/imiya/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043ba \n/dila/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438\u044f \n/uprazhneniya/ \n\u0438\u043ce\u043da \n/imena/ \n\nA \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442 \n/bilyet/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440 \n/slovar/ \n\u043cy\u0437e\u0439 \n/muzei/ \n\n\u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b \n/bilyetiy/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440\u0438 \n/slavari/ \n\u043cy\u0437e\u0439 \n/muzei/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442y \n/gazetu/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u044e \n/nyedelyu/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u044c \n/ploshady/ \n \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442\u044b \ngazetiy/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u0438 \n/nyedeli/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u0438 \n/ploshadi/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043bo \n/dyela/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438\u044f \n/uprazheniya/ \n\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f \n/imiya/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043ba \n/dyela/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438\u0439 \n/uprazhenii/ \n\u0438\u043ce\u043da \n/imena/ \n\nG \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430 \n/bilyeta/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440\u044f \n/slavarya/ \n\u043cy\u0437e\u044f \n/muzeya/ \n\n\u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442o\u0432 \n/bilyetov/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440e\u0439 \n/slavarei/ \n\u043cy\u0437e\u0439\u044f \n/muzeiya/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442\u044b \n/gazetiy/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b \n/nyidel/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u044c \n/ploshady/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442 \n/gazet/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u0438 \n/nydeli/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u0438 \n/ploshadi/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043ba \n/dyela/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438\u044f \n/uprazhneniya \n\u0438\u043ce\u043d\u0438 \n/imeni/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043b \n/dyel/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438\u0439 \n\u0438\u043ce\u043d \n/imen/ \n\nD \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0443 \n/bilyetu/ \n\u0421\u043bo\u0432a\u0440\u044e \n/slawaryu/ \n\n\u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442a\u043c \n/bilyetam/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440\u044f\u043c \n/slavaryam/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442e \n/gazetye/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043be \n/nidelye/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442a\u043c \n/gazetam/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u044f\u043c \n/nidelyam/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043by \n/dyelu/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438\u044e \n/uprazhniniyu/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043ba\u043c \n/delam/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \n/uprazhninyam/ \n\n\n\nE-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n43 \n \n\n \nTabel 2 below shows the resembled meaning for the variant of nominative case.    \n\nTabel 2.", "start_char_idx": 20341, "end_char_idx": 22237, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e8e9acd0-5227-4b57-90b5-a5d4b6007bda": {"__data__": {"id_": "e8e9acd0-5227-4b57-90b5-a5d4b6007bda", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bed06b8a-7513-44b6-95bf-bb990aadbee0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "3d367b0570381a718a27a14a55fe7132b9535fef656923c437ecfc25a9762007", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "7865163d-7437-425c-85b0-84106d1f0415", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "27c71af1c787934631a65c49bcf34b87eced8170aba8aa5c6c9781f61318d595", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Tabel 2. The resembled meaning of noun in nominative case   \nMasculin Feminin Neutral \n\nSingular plural \n \n\nMeaning singular plural meaning singular plural meaning \n\n\u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442 \n/bilyet/  \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440 \n/slowar/ \n\u043cy\u0437e\u0439 \n/muzei/ \n \n\n\u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b \n/bilyetiy/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440\u0438  \n/slawari/ \n\u041cy\u0437e\u0439 \n/muzei/ \n\nTiket \n \nkamus \n \nmuseum \n \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442a \n/gazeta/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u044f \n/nidelya/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u044c \n/ploshad/ \n  \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442\u044b \n/gazeti/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u0438 \n/nidyeli/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u0438 \n/ploshadi/ \n \n\nkoran \n \nminggu \n \nlapangan \n \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043bo \n/dila/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436-\n\u043de\u043d\u0438e \n/uprazh-\nneniye/ \n\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f \n/imiya/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043ba \n/dila/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436-\n\u043de\u043d\u0438\u044f \n/uprazh-\nneniya/ \n\u0438\u043ce\u043da \n/imena/ \n\nbisnis \n \nlatihan \n \n \n \nnama \n\n \nThe use of the noun variant in the context of sentences in different cases (6 cases) is \n\nas follows.   \n1. N :  skolka bilyet stoit dlya tanets kecak?  \n   How much does the ticket cost for the Kecak dance? \n2. A :  Viy mozhetye kupit bilyetiy zdyes. \n       Can you buy the tickets here?  \n3. G :  Miy khotim kupit pyaty bilyetov dlya tanets Kecak. Skolka oni stoit vmyestye? \n       We want to buy 5 tickets for Kecak Dance. How much are they altogether?   \n4. D :  Daitye mnye etu bilyetu. Ya budu smotrety eta tanets. \n       Give me the ticket I want to see the dance. \n5. I :  Davaitye payekhat v Uluwatu se etom bilyetom. Miy budyem smotrem tanets Kecak \n\ntam. \n       Let\u2019s go to Uluwatu with this tcket. We can see Kecak dance there.  \n6. P :  Skazhitye mnye pozhaluista dyebushka. Mnye nuzhno podpisith v etom bilyetye? \n       Excuse me, Lady. Do I need to sign on this ticket? \n \n\nImproved mastery of Russian language by guides is also found in written litrations \n\nwhen guides interact with social media such as the WhatsApp (WA) application.", "start_char_idx": 22229, "end_char_idx": 23906, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "7865163d-7437-425c-85b0-84106d1f0415": {"__data__": {"id_": "7865163d-7437-425c-85b0-84106d1f0415", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e8e9acd0-5227-4b57-90b5-a5d4b6007bda", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "95d77026cc88f6ce469a6535dfbf7eb1044572c9e0c05654899dcd50d36638c2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "117ce410-cb55-4d55-a3b5-1af93b7991d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "725fbd6ec00a953d0c3ae37d19741457e6644d8f6a589a09a1ee4bc946fa8cd6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The progress \n\n\u043cy\u0437e\u044e \n/muzeyu/ \n\n\u043cy\u0437e\u044f\u043c \n/muzeyam/ \n\n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u0438 \n/ploshadi/ \n\n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u044f\u043c \n/ploshadyam/ \n\n\u0438\u043ce\u043d\u0438 \n/imeni/ \n\n\u0438\u043ce\u043da\u043c \n/imenam/ \n\nI \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \n/bilyetom/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440e\u043c \n/slavarem/ \n\u043cy\u0437ee\u043c \n/muzeyem/ \n\n\u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442a\u043c\u0438 \n/bilyetami/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440a\u043c\u0438 \n/slavarami/ \n\u043cy\u0437e\u044f\u043c\u0438 \n/muzeyami/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442o\u0439 \n/gazetoi/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043be\u0439 \n/nidelyeii/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u044c\u044e \n/ploshadyu/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442a\u043c\u0438 \n/gazetami/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \n/nidelyami/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u044f\u043c\u0438 \n/ploshadyami/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043bo\u043c\u0438 \n/dyelom/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u0438\u043de\u043c \n/uprazhneinem/ \n\u0438\u043ce\u043de\u043c \n/imenem/ \n \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043ba\u043c\u0438 \n/delyami/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \n/uprazhneinyami/ \n\u0438\u043ce\u043da\u043c\u0438 \n/imenami/ \n \n\nP \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442e \n/bilyete/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440e \n/slavare/ \n\u043cy\u0437ee \n/muzye/ \n\n\u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430x \n/bilyetakh/ \n\u0441\u043bo\u0432a\u0440\u044fax \n/slavaryakh/ \n\u043cy\u0437e\u044fax \n/muzeyakh/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442e \n/gazetye/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043be \n/nidelye/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u0438 \n/ploshadi/ \n\n\u0433a\u0437\u0435\u0442ax \n/gazetakh/ \n\u043de\u0434e\u043b\u0438x\u0438 \n/nidelikh/ \n\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448a\u0434\u044fx \n/ploshadyakh/ \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043be \n/delye/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438\u043c \n/upradnenim/ \n\u0438\u043ce\u043d\u0438 \n/imeni/ \n \n\n\u0434\u0435\u043bax \n/delakh/ \ny\u043f\u0440a\u0436\u043de\u043d\u0438\u044fx \n/uprazhneniyakh/ \n\u0438\u043ce\u043dax \n/imenakh/", "start_char_idx": 23907, "end_char_idx": 24838, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "117ce410-cb55-4d55-a3b5-1af93b7991d1": {"__data__": {"id_": "117ce410-cb55-4d55-a3b5-1af93b7991d1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "7865163d-7437-425c-85b0-84106d1f0415", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "03a95559376a0024b9580cdcfc43bf55d04af5067da2fed2d87243d66b72105e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "11545ff8-8555-42f5-a7fd-b7d8209cecb3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8da57dda46ac0ba77b1768133f2fdaba11c4907227873a1eec31c966afa91326", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n44 \n \n\nof the level of mastery of Russian language by guides significantly influences the quality of \n\nservice to satisfy Russian tourists as shown in a questionnaire where Russian tourists on \n\naverage give a range of values 1 - 2 about mastering Russian language guides which means \n\nexcellent for value 1 and good for value 2. The value given by Russian tourists is certainly \n\nvery beneficial for all parties not only to tour guides but also companies or travel agents that \n\nemploy guides, so that the sustainability of visiting Russian tourists is guaranteed. \n\n \n\n2. Russian-Speaking Tour Guide and Service Dimension \n\nFactors that influence the level of mastery of Russian language tour guides can be \n\nstated that besides Russian tourists who have the motivation to get satisfaction from the \n\nquality of services provided by guides on the other hand tour guides have the motivation to \n\nimprove their Russian language mastery to provide quality service which is prime to tourists \n\nand makes them still exist from the tight competition in dealing with Russian tourists. The \n\ncompetition does not only occur among guides themselves as healthy competition, but also \n\nfrom the large number of foreign representatives from Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan who take \n\npart in handling Russian tourists in Bali. This competition with foreign representatives \n\nbecomes unhealthy, besides the foreign representatives as native speakers are also exhaled \n\nby the issue that mastering Russian language guides is minimal. This competition is what \n\ntriggers guides to strive to improve the mastery of Russian language in order to dismiss these \n\nunfounded issues otherwise they only become spectators in their own country. \n\nIncreased mastery of Russian language guide as a quality of service that gives \n\nsatisfaction to Russian tourists is inseparable from the dimensions of service to tourists who \n\nhave their respective influences in determining tourist satisfaction on service quality, namely \n\ntangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Tangibility factor is shown \n\nthrough the physical appearance of guides who characterize professional people and imbued \n\nwith the local cultural work ethic, namely guides wearing traditional Balinese clothing. This \n\nappearance is certainly a positive impression for Russian tourists who have come to Bali to \n\ngain experience about local culture. Reliability factors are determined by providing information \n\naccording to needs, timely service, and avoiding errors when providing services. \n\nCommunication errors will not occur along with the increasing level of mastery of Russian \n\nlanguage guides. The responsiveness factor is done by appreciating tourists, professionals \n\nin providing services, helping tourists with deftness, and attitude when serving. Guides should \n\nbe more appreciative of tourists in providing services especially for Russian tourists who have", "start_char_idx": 24843, "end_char_idx": 28069, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "11545ff8-8555-42f5-a7fd-b7d8209cecb3": {"__data__": {"id_": "11545ff8-8555-42f5-a7fd-b7d8209cecb3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "117ce410-cb55-4d55-a3b5-1af93b7991d1", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "b4854a651678d0cd3de176b7ea76c445960fcec256daf1ef82382f2fe1d3d515", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "845cc9e4-461e-4497-b555-5bba8ba5433d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "12f19beff0772040d559fded49827493713635465aef260d2048285a6429582f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n45 \n \n\ndifferent characteristics from tourists from Australia, America, and other Western European \n\ncountries. \n\nThe assurance factor can be done through the use of clear and easy-to-understand \n\nRussian language, knowledge of guides about extensive tourism products and culture, \n\nsecurity of Russian tourists during the handling of guides, as well as being honest and clean \n\nin serving. Communication is important in handling Russian tourists, because the use of \n\nRussian language is good and right coupled with knowledge about tourism products and \n\nculture can increase tourist confidence in guides, especially in the purchase of optional tours \n\nand can provide accurate and accurate information to tourists. In terms of emphaty factors, \n\nnamely respecting Russian tourists with the use of language that is polite, friendly, and always \n\nsmiling in serving, and paying attention to tourists' requests. \n\n \n\nCONCLUSION \n\nMastery of Russian language tour guides have experienced a very significant increase \n\nalong with the increasingly intensive interaction between guides and Russian tourists in \n\naddition they have also utilized the development of information and communication \n\ntechnology. In addition, competition with foreign representatives who also handle Russian \n\ntourists in Bali has spurred guides to improve Russian language mastery. Increased mastery \n\nof Russian language by guides has a positive impact on the quality of service that gives \n\nsatisfaction to Russian tourists. The service quality includes five service dimension factors, \n\nnamely tangibility such as the physical appearance of guides who impress Russian tourists, \n\nreliability with the communicative competence of guides can improve services to tourists, \n\nresponsiveness by understanding the characteristics of Russian tourists can satisfy tourists, \n\nassurance with knowledge of tourism products and culture can increase Russian tourists' trust \n\nin guides, and empathy with the use of polite language, friendly attitude, and respect for \n\ntourists provides a special satisfaction for Russian tourists. \n\nIt can be suggested to guides to keep maintaining the mastery of the Russian \n\nlanguage that has been achieved so far and even improved to provide excellent service \n\nquality to the satisfaction of Russian tourists and cling to honesty as the most important aspect \n\nof the service dimension, thus building a positive image among guides as the spearhead \n\n(front-line) tourism and ambassadors (ambassadors) of countries and nations in the tourism \n\nsector.", "start_char_idx": 28074, "end_char_idx": 30920, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "845cc9e4-461e-4497-b555-5bba8ba5433d": {"__data__": {"id_": "845cc9e4-461e-4497-b555-5bba8ba5433d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "11545ff8-8555-42f5-a7fd-b7d8209cecb3", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "42640c5e9b98f51253161aaf42fca739e2091834fea087ecae2a7ff75ca7123f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b6ff699a-d556-4a6a-acb1-75a4ea48390d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8699cf8b51deacf970c20e87f6d07c09660361d69365a738655e2adea2345e12", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n46 \n \n\nREFERENCES \n\n Alfianto, D. (2017). Dominasi Sosial dalam Novel Max Havelaar Karya Multatuli (Kajian \nDominasi Simbolik Pierre Bourdieu). Bapala, 4(1). \n\nAnonymous (2006). 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Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-60587", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "69d6c5f2daa4738c484c3bd8ac58ca009058b7c505633808c43fe7808bfca6de", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "845cc9e4-461e-4497-b555-5bba8ba5433d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "596540789dd6cc1e6f05a49baa031a2604205d831038df13a27f4bc47dc400a6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9683ccc7-8d8a-44dc-aea3-199f1959a2c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "8381f7bace5b58649567cf3fa9f154cdd8a3dca96e8c49def12bc0ddd75f635f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "E-Journal of Cultural Studies                                                Feb 2020 Vol. 13, Number 1, Page 36-47   \nDOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) \nISSN 2338-2449                                                                                    https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ \n\n47 \n \n\nKotler, P. (2000). Marketing management: The millennium edition. Marketing \nManagement, 23(6), 188-193.Kotler, P. (2002). Manajemen Pemasaran Edisi \nMilenium. Jakarta: PT. Prenhallindo. 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Yogyakarta: Andi.", "start_char_idx": 33516, "end_char_idx": 35371, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9683ccc7-8d8a-44dc-aea3-199f1959a2c0": {"__data__": {"id_": "9683ccc7-8d8a-44dc-aea3-199f1959a2c0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-6330", "author": "Adnyana, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF SMALL RETAILERS AS A CONSEQUENCE OFTHE GROWTH OF MINIMARKET IN DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2013-09-09", "file": "ecs-6330.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-6330", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-6330", "author": "Adnyana, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF SMALL RETAILERS AS A CONSEQUENCE OFTHE GROWTH OF MINIMARKET IN DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2013-09-09", "file": "ecs-6330.pdf"}, "hash": "44f94be4e664342b2933be491e46a4fff46b7e75bc6cb104a6a1821bce2aa2e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b6ff699a-d556-4a6a-acb1-75a4ea48390d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-60587", "author": "Ginaya, Gede; Kumbara, A.A. Ngr. Anom; Putra, I Nyoman Darma; Sukiada, I Nyoman", "title": " THE STRUGGLE OF SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN TOURIST MARKET OF BALI TOURISM", "date": "2020-02-29", "file": "ecs-60587.pdf"}, "hash": "a97d172873d947329bb72b001625ecf8dcff95b95e71342db5531b83f2fc5708", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bb1fc6e8-232a-441a-9816-d47404686951", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f3c07018695bb495ea0422412f1424ff400ab6c4d60f0b9537953a8977d38a9e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "1 \n \n\nMARGINALIZATION OF SMALL RETAILERS AS A CONSEQUENCE  \n\nOFTHE GROWTH OF MINIMARKET IN DENPASAR CITY \n\n \n\nI Wayan Adnyana \nTeachers\u2019 Training College of PGRI BALI \n\n Seroja Street, Tonja, Denpasar \nemail: wayanadnyana59@yahoo.com \n\n \n \n \n\nABSTRACT \n The growth of minimarket, especially the Circle K Minimarket in Denpasar City has \nbeen so fast that small retailers with their limitations have been getting left behind. This \npresent study explored the marginalization of the small retailer as a consequence of the \ngrowth of the Circle K Minimarket in Denpasar City. It was conducted to identify the forms \nof the marginalization of the small retailer as a consequence of the growth of the Circle K \nMinimarket in Denpasar City. The theory of generative structure proposed by Bourdieu \nand the theory of power and knowledge proposed by Foucault were used eclectically to \nanswer the problems of the study. Qualitative research method with the approach of \ncultural studies was employed. The data were collected through observation, in-depth \ninterview, and documentation study. The data were descriptively, qualitatively and \ninterpretatively analyzed. The result of the study showed that as a consequence of the \ngrowth of the Circle K Minimarket the small retailers became marginalized in economy; \nbusiness network; technology; management; and socio-politics.  \n \nKeywords: marginalization, small trader, Circle K minimarket. \n \n\n \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n Denpasar, as the center of government, tourism, banking and other services, has \n\nbeen developing as a city of trade indicated by the fact that more and more shopping \n\ncenters, and modern and traditional markets have been built. The market will be full with \n\nproducts with global quality and price. The products without quality will be left behind by \n\nconsumers. According to Adlin (2006: 121), nowadays the relationship between \n\nconsumers and products is not inspired by utility, function and need, but by what is \n\nreferred to as the logic of sign and the logic of image, meaning that culture is produced \n\nfor common people whom are considered the market share from this approach. \n\n The small retailers have been made worse by various limitations; their capital is \n\ntoo small, their human resources are too low, their network is too limited, and the image \n\nthat they pay less attention to cleanliness; they are dirty and the services they provide to \n\nthe customers are not good. According to the urban people, buying things at the \n\nminimarket is a need, which is believed to sell products with warranted quality. In \n\nmailto:wayanadnyana59@yahoo.com", "start_char_idx": 47, "end_char_idx": 2666, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bb1fc6e8-232a-441a-9816-d47404686951": {"__data__": {"id_": "bb1fc6e8-232a-441a-9816-d47404686951", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-6330", "author": "Adnyana, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF SMALL RETAILERS AS A CONSEQUENCE OFTHE GROWTH OF MINIMARKET IN DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2013-09-09", "file": "ecs-6330.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": [], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": [], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ecs-6330", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-6330", "author": "Adnyana, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF SMALL RETAILERS AS A CONSEQUENCE OFTHE GROWTH OF MINIMARKET IN DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2013-09-09", "file": "ecs-6330.pdf"}, "hash": "44f94be4e664342b2933be491e46a4fff46b7e75bc6cb104a6a1821bce2aa2e2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9683ccc7-8d8a-44dc-aea3-199f1959a2c0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"identifier": "ecs-6330", "author": "Adnyana, I Wayan", "title": " MARGINALIZATION OF SMALL RETAILERS AS A CONSEQUENCE OFTHE GROWTH OF MINIMARKET IN DENPASAR CITY", "date": "2013-09-09", "file": "ecs-6330.pdf"}, "hash": "0c281e34a77a98bfce506366fd96029d06ee275e36ad50b042f41d74abe7d21e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4a365afa-41e3-43ef-b17a-441adcf18987", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d30b3d60b0da418a70e6b04ae2e82f4d05171d6b96f7e5dc152e415a4622c2b4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "2 \n \n\naddition, cleanliness is given priority and the services it provides is good. It is this which \n\ncontributes to good perception. According to the consumers, image is more important \n\nthan anything else.  \n\n Based on the background above, the present study was intended to explore the \n\nforms of the marginalization of the small retailers as result of the growth of the Circle K \n\nMinimarket in Denpasar City.  \n\n In theory, it was expected that the present study could widen the scientific insight \n\ninto the small retailers and minimarket from the perspective of cultural studies. In \n\npractice, it was expected that the present study could give deeper information on the \n\nmodern retailer or minimarket, and that it could be used as a reference