e-Journal of Linguistics Available online at https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eol/ Vol. 14, No. 1, January 2020, pages: 137-150 Print ISSN: 2442-7586 Online ISSN: 2442-7586 https://doi.org/10.24843/e-jl.20120.v14.i01.p014 137 Rhetorical Moves in Research Article Introductions of Students of Linguistics Master Program Jevi Mahardika 1 Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia jvmahardika@gmail.com Sri E. Tabiati 2 Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia s.tabiati@gmail.com Hamamah 3 Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Hamamah08@gmail.com Article info Abstract* Received Date: 26 Dec 2019 Accepted Date: 27 Dec 2019 Published Date: 31 Dec 2020 Keywords:* rhetorical moves, research article introductions, graduate students This research investigated the rhetorical moves in the introduction part to the research article written by graduate students in Linguistics master's study programs. The primary purpose of this research is to describe the pattern of rhetorical moves in the research article introductions in the field of Linguistics. The data collection technique was in the form of scientific article documentation consisting of seven research article introductions in English in the field of Linguistics. Researchers collected data in the form of text with document analysis and note-taking techniques. These research articles were taken from four different journal publishers in Indonesia, namely Alphabet, Kelasa, Batra, and Suar Betang. The rhetorical analysis in this study involves the concept of the Project Justifying Model (PJM) proposed by Safnil (2010), which consists of four communicative moves that can describe the rhetorical moves of Indonesian writers. The validity of the data in this rhetorical pattern study used the triangulation of sources or data. The results of this study indicate that the seven introductions have different rhetorical moves. The four research article introductions taken from the Alphabet produced fewer rhetorical steps compared to the other three research articles. The most dominant signal found in the seven research article introductions is (move 4, step A) represents a statement in explaining the purpose of the study. The seven research article introductions found no statements that represented the five steps contained in each move. 138 Move 1 Establishing Shared Schemata by: Step A: Defining key terms; and/or Step B: Referring to the government policy; and/or Step C: Giving a short history of the research field; and/or Step D: Describing the geographical setting of the research; and/or Step E: Making a general claim. Move 2 Establishing the Research Field by: Step A: Introducing the actual research topic; and/or Step B: Identifying the research problem or phenomena; and Step C: Reviewing the current knowledge and practice. Move 3 Justifying the Present Research Project by: Step A: Indicating inconsistency in previous study results; or Step B: Claiming that the topic has never been explored; or Step C: Claiming that the topic is necessary to investigate; or Step D: Claiming interest in investigating a particular topic. Move 4 Announcing the Present Research by: Step A: Announcing the research purposes; and/or Step B: Stating the research questions; and/or Step C: Describing the specific features of the research; and/or Step D: Stating the expected benefits of the research; and/or Step E: Announcing the principal findings; and/or Step F: Proposing the research hypothesis; and/or Step G: Suggesting a solution to the research problem. 1. Introduction A research article must have an exciting introduction because this section has an appeal to the reader when starting to read a research article. In writing an introduction, it needs to be organized well, which is an essential part of introducing a research article. Moreover, the fact is in line with Swales & Najjar (1987), Safnil (2013), and Muhtadin (2017), who stated that interesting research article should appeal to the reader to read the entire research article. So, the primary motivation in writing the research article introduction is to provide enough clues for the reader to convey the argument of the writer. If the introductory of the research article is not well organized, the research article would be difficult to recognize by the readers or hard to be published internationally. To minimize failure in organizing the introductory part of a research article, knowledge of systematic writing in the research article introduction is one of the relevant supporting factors. Safnil (2010 p.22) states that textual analysis makes it possible to examine text to see the Linguistic form and intention of the author through understanding some aspects of the text structure. To know the extent of the author's knowledge in organizing a research article introduction, we can analyze the writing. Hence the investigation of discourse analysis in the rhetorical moves of Indonesian academics needs to be done. Rhetorical analysis model specifically devoted to capturing communicative purposes in Asian Research Article Introductions (RAIs) has been developed by Ahmad (1997). This model analysis is formed by adapting CARS produced by Swales (1990), which is named Project Justifying Model (PJM). The PJM model analysis differs from CARS, which is distinguished by four moves as a sign of communicative purposes in Indonesian RAIs based on Safnil (2013). Moreover, PJM contains four communicative moves that describe goals of Indonesian RAIs, which are broken down into sub-moves called steps that refer to textual or rhetorical forms. The four stages of the PJM analysis model are establishing shared schema, establishing the research field or scope, justifying the present research project, and announcing the research specification. PJM also has a Step on each move that can be used by Indonesian RAIs writers to achieve primary communicative purposes. Moreover, Safnil (2013) explained that the RAIs writer should 139 use at least one move among the four moves as a form of communicative purposes. An investigation conducted by Alkarima (2019) produced evidence of the phenomenon previously described. She took six RAs as data and selected from six different research articles publisher sites in Indonesia, which are nationally accredited. Alkarima (2019) investigated RAIs in the fields of language and literature and found only 50% of these RAs contained rhetorical moves. In the same case, the population of this previous research involved is not too specific, and the result needs to be empirically verified. Thus, it can be pointed out; this previous study has two gaps, which include population gap and empirical gap. Sepni (2016) investigates the abstract and introduction in the rhetorical move. She looked into the analysis of text rhetoric and analysis of Linguistic features. Sepni (2016) involved the research introductory as a material to be analyzed. The study described the rhetorical structure of 50 research articles that were taken from the field of medical science and health. The finding of the investigation stated that the research articles are taken from the field of medicine most often use move two as a statement to justify the research topic. The fact has found before proved by the findings of move two, which frequently appears in the results. Furthermore, the finding of the previous study showed that the concept of PJM was not yet fully realized by the writers in the medical field. Thus, these results require further research to obtain a complete study and can provide valid references. Sepni (2016) also suggested adding literature to the concept of rhetorical structure to minimize problems in writing research articles to be published. The statement shows that there is a knowledge gap that makes the research less than optimal. The detailed sample description of the rhetorical structure of the results of the study cannot be found in this study either. Moreover, this study examines what can also conclude this has a practical-knowledge gap. It can be seen many academics in Indonesia still have not reached the standard in good introduction writing. PJM applied in Indonesian RAIs analysis can describe communicative goals and important rhetorical characteristics that refer to the features of Indonesian RAIs (Safnil, 2010). By using the convention in rhetoric, research articles produced by the writer can have possibilities to be recognized and accepted by international discourse communities. Agrawall (2015) shows that to be part of international research publications, non-native writers are not only focused on writing in English, but they should take part in the RA convention in English. Consequently, the writers’ RA can be accepted for international publication. It must be considered that the research article published internationally requires a complicated process. Based on the previous illustrations, the present study examined research articles that have been published, especially in Indonesia. The present study used an analysis model called Project Justifying Model (PJM), which is applied to the English RAIs written by Indonesian that has done before. The data of this research were RAs that written by graduate students’ of the Linguistic master program in that the researchers' claimed had not been examined before. Moreover, this research is desirable to conduct because the analysis model involves the point of view of pedagogy, especially for language teaching, which is supported by a statement from Safnil (2010). The researcher wants to see the informative purposes that organized by the graduate students’ of the Linguistic master program in their RAIs through the Project Justifying Model. The aim of this research is to describe the rhetorical moves organized by the graduate students of the Linguistic Master program in RAIs through the Project Justifying Model analysis. The finding of this study can be a comparison for research in the field of scientific writing and also provide better knowledge of the rhetorical features specifically written by Indonesian. 140 2. Research Methods This present research used the descriptive qualitative approach as the research design. The qualitative data presented tend to use word formations rather than using numbers that can apply to social anthropology, history, and political science states research (Miles and Huberman, 1994). Seven research article introductions were examined in this research analyzed through Project Justifying Model purposed by Safnil (2010). Four of the research articles are taken from Alphabet journal site and the last three are taken from Kelasa, Batra and Suar Betang journal site. In this research, the researcher is concerned with investigating the behavior of the students of Linguistics Master programs that related to the writing flow of their research articles. According to Holliday (2007), the primary aim of qualitative research is to get to the bottom of what is going on in all aspects of social behavior. The previous statement supported the setting of this research that involved the particular society that taken as the data. Table 1 Selected research articles from the Alphabet Title Code Apology Strategies Used by Chad Griffin Addressed to The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community 1.1 Social Media and Its Impact on the Use of English Borrowings in Indonesian 1.2 Positive-Self and Negative-Other Representation in the Online News Behind Indonesia’s Anti-Chinese Riots and Indonesia Turns Its Chinese into Scapegoats 1.3 The concept of Kami on Japanese Web 2011 Corpus 1.4 Note. Number 1 is a research article taken from the Alphabet journal. Number 2 is the order of research article introductions. Table 2 The list of the three research articles Title Code The Effectivity of Reog Dance in Learning Bahasa Indonesia for BIPA Students in Universitas Brawijaya. 2.1 Course Evaluation of Customs English Club (CEC) in Customs Excise Office Blitar. 3.1 Code-Switching Used by Sacha Stevenson in Talk Shows. . 4.1 Note. Number 2 is a research article taken from the Kelasa journal. Number 3 is a research article taken from the Batra journal. Number 4 is a research article taken from the Suar Betang journal. Data collection in this study was carried out by reading, and writing sentences contained rhetorical moves. As mentioned by Sarwono (2006), the analysis of documents is a technique of collecting data by reading the contents of the research article. The collected data from the data source have analyzed based on indicators from PJM purposed by Safnil (2010) intended to reveal 141 patterns of rhetorical moves of research article introduction written by graduate students of Linguistics master programs. After that, the rhetoric pattern in the RAIs will be described on each move and in each step. The results are presented in the form of descriptions formulated in a table containing the moves and steps included in each of these research articles. This analysis has done to facilitate the categorization of moves contained in these research articles. The findings in the form of tables provide codes from the move and step signals that exist in each research article. The validity of the data in this rhetorical pattern study used the triangulation of sources or data. The instrument used in this study was the researchers and presented in the table that contained sentences indicated rhetorical moves that collected from the analysis through PJM model analysis. Additionally, the researcher has been the instrument of this research that determines the overall research scenario. Results The data displayed in the table is part of the sentence fragments in the introductory article that enter the move and step signals in PJM analysis. This investigation has done to maintain a holistic element in qualitative data that refers to the structure of the text that viewed from parts so that it can be formed certain types of texts. Table 3 Move and Step in Research Article Introduction (RAI) in article 1.1 Research article Alphabet Volume 01 No.02. Paragraph Move/Step Sentence Signals 1 1/A (S1) ‘Apology strategies are only a part of linguistics aspects that that is called speech act’ 1 1/E (S2) ‘Language learners are not familiar with apology strategies because it is rarely discussed in class while learning speech act’. 4 6 2/A 2/B (S27) (S36) ‘In this research, we investigate Griffin’s 2014 apology addressed to the LGBT people. He apologized for his failure to represent and serve the LGBT people over the years and because many issues are surrounding the equality for LGBT people (Merevick, 2014)’. ‘…why there are many people dislike the apology but still accept it. At the end of Griffin’s speech, it seems that LGBT and transgender community accepted his apology as can be seen from the video posted on YouTube’. 2 2/C (S12) ‘Conducting a study on apology means dealing with something natural that is found on a daily basis by using language. According to Olshtain and Cohen (1983), when social norms are violated, normally an apology should follow to reestablish the social relationship between the doer and the complainer’. 6 4/A (S36) ‘The present study aims to investigate the apology strategies used by a certain person to find out the meaning and the purpose of the apology and also to figure out why there are many people who dislike the apology but still accept it.’ Note: 1/A refers to sentence indicates move 1 step A in Figure 2.2. (S1) refers to the order of the sentence 142 Table 4 Move and Step in Research Article Introduction (RAI) in article 1.2 Research article Alphabet Volume 01 No.02. Paragraph Move/Step Sentence Signals 3 1/A (S10) ‘…social media addiction is a mental health problem…’ 2 1/E (S7) ‘Not surprisingly, social media has become one of the main needs of society’. 9 3/B (37) ‘…social media access intensity and the use of English borrowing in Indonesian which has not been discussed in the…’ 9 4/A (S38) ‘This research is conducted to know the range of social media access intensity in Indonesia.’ Note: 1/A refers to sentence indicates move 1 step A in Figure 2.2. (S10) refers to the order of the sentence. Table 5 Move and Step in Research Article Introduction (RAI) in article 1.3 Research article Alphabet volume 01 No.01. Paragraph Move/Step Sentence Signals 4 1 2/A 2/B (S16) (S3) ‘I employ Critical Discourse Analysis using Van Dijk’s analytical framework’. ‘However, as time goes by, the problem dealing with stereotyping and social gap provoke conflicts between Chinese-Indonesians and Native- Indonesians’. 4 2/C (S17) ‘Van Dijk formulated a socio-cognitive discourse analysis which studies discourses critically in three levels: discourse, cognition, and society (Wodak & Meyer, 2001)’. 4 4 4 4/A 4/A 4/E (S15) (S18) (S28) ‘The present study aims to examine the ways how lexical choices in both articles constitute positive- self and negative-other representations.’ ‘In the semantic field, conducting a lexical choice analysis is important. Lexical choices are word choices or selections. They are the most important element of disco….’. ‘Continuing upon Van Dijk analytical framework, to analyze the cognition, socialism, and liberalism were examined, whereas to analyze the society, the history of Chinese Indonesians in Indonesia was explored’. Note: 2/A refers to sentence indicates move 2 step A in Figure 2.2. (S16) refers to the order of the sentence. 143 Table 6 Move and Step in Research Article Introduction (RAI) in article 1.4 Research article Alphabet Volume 01 No.02. Paragraph Move/Step Sentence Signals 1 1 1 1/A 1/E 2/B (S1) (S1) (S3) ‘Kami concept in Japanese's view is quite questionable, notably in Japanese's religious life that is somewhat unique’. Kami concept in Japanese's view is quite questionable, notably in Japanese's religious life that is somewhat unique’. ‘In the light of religion, Japan is identical with a two-sided coin that has opposite faces. The first face is Japan, which is very religious…..’. 2 2 2 2 4/A 4/C 4/D 4/F (S10) (S11) (S14) (S13) ‘This study aims at answering the concept of Kami held by Japanese through collocation analysis’. ‘The collocations of word Kami in Japanese Web 2011 corpus are collected based on their syntactical str…’. ‘…the conduct of Kami will show how the behavior of Kami is. Likewise, the deeds toward Kami will denote the way Japanese treat Kami. Ultimately,…. ‘We assume that by analyzing the attributes, the characteristics of Kami can be revealed’. Note: 1/A refers to sentence indicates move 1 step A in Figure 2.2. (S1) refers to the order of the sentence. Table 7 Move and Step in research article introduction in research article 2.1. Paragraph Move/Step Sentence Signals 1 4 1 1/A 1/A 1/E (S1) (S22) (S5) ‘Cultural-based BIPA (Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penutur Asing) learning is one of the methods that can be applied to foreigners. Such learning will equip BIPA learners about Indonesian language skills and knowledge about Indonesian culture’. ‘Reog dance is one of the cultural arts originating from East Java’. ‘…it is expected to help the process of internationalization of Indonesian language and its culture, especially at ASEAN level’. 1 4 2/B 4/A (S6) (S32) ‘BIPA Learners can recognize Indonesian language and culture so that will be a provision for them to settle in Indonesia….. ‘This paper was conducted with the aims to find out does Reog dance effective in acquiring vocabularies through Reog dance practice’. 144 Note. 1/A refers to sentence indicates move 1 step A in Figure 2.2. (S1) refers to the order of the sentence. Table 8 Move and Step in research article introduction in research article 3.1. Paragraph Move/Step Sentence Signals 1 2 1 1/C 1/D 1/E (S1) (S10) (S2) ‘Customs English Club or CEC was first held in Jakarta (2017) because of the vision of the General Directorate of Customs and Excise, namely "Becoming the World's Leading Customs and Excise Institution" (beacukai.go.id, 2018)’. ‘With the geographical location of Blitar which does not have a large port and the absence of flight services, the use of English to communicate with foreigners is also likely to be smaller than the use of English in other city offices that have airports or ports’. ‘…, it is expected that the employees of the Customs and Excise can improve their ability to speak English to be applied in carrying out tasks both in the field and in the office’. 1 2 2 2/A 3/D 4/A (S12) (S11) (S14) ‘This research wants to investigate the effectiveness of CEC if it is applied in Blitar and wants to know how well this program covers their learners’ needs’. ‘This research sees that phenomenon is interesting to be discussed’. ‘This research is worth-conducting to find out the perspective of employees towards the CEC, because as explained earlier that the possibility of using English in this office is relatively small’. Note. 1/C refers to sentence indicates move 1 step C in Figure 2.2. (S1) refers to the order of the sentence. Table 9 Move and Step in research article introduction in research article 4.1. Paragraph Move/Step Sentnce Signals 1 1 1 1/E 2/A 2/B (S3) (S1) (S2) ‘Romaine (1992:110) argued that code-switching is an important topic in the field of sociolinguistics. It is a phenomenon which is used to happen in daily conversation.’. ‘This research investigates code-switching used by Sacha Stevenson on two talk shows in Indonesian TV programs uploaded in Youtube, those are: Tonight, Show on Net TV and Sarah Sechan on NET TV’. ‘The main purpose of this research is to identify the types and functions of code-switching on Sacha Stevenson’s speech which is uttered on those talk 145 shows’. 5 5 6 3/A 4/B 4/D (S19) (S23) (S32) ‘…., those all previous studies analyzed code- switching produced by Indonesian people. However, my study analyzes code-switching used by a native English speaker, that is Sacha Stevenson’. ‘The research problems are what type and function of code-switching are used by Sasha Stevenson in Tonight Show and Sarah Sechan’. ‘The result of this research can make some people know more about the type and the function of code- switching and even if the user of code-switching is an English native speaker who can speak English fluently’. Note: 1/E refers to sentence indicates move 1 step E in Figure 2.2. (S1) refers to the order of the Sentence. 3. Discussions The section rhetorical moves have been described in the research articles, which are simplified into Table 10. Table 10 The rhetorical moves of research article introductions No. Research Article Introductions Pattern Number of Move Units Alphabet 1. 1.1 1/A, 1/E, 2/A, 2/B, 2/C, 4/A 3 2. 1.2 1/A, 1/E, 3/B, 4/A 3 3. 1.3 2/A, 2/B, 2/C, 4/A, 4/E 2 4. 1.4 1/A, 2/B, 4/A, 4/C, 4/D, 4/F 3 Kelasa 5. 2.1 1/A, 1/E, 2B, 4A 3 Batra 6. 3.1 1/C, 1/D, 1/E, 2/A, 3D, 4A 4 Suar Betang 7. 4.1 1/E, 2/A, 2/B, 3/A, 4/B, 4/D 4 Note. 1/A, 1/E, 2/A, 2/B, 2/C, 4/A refer to the sentences that indicate the rhetorical moves. The result of the analysis by using PJM is exposed to the move pattern of those research article introductions. It can be seen in Table 4.10, the seven research articles that organized are not similar. the most dominant signals found in the RAIs are in move 4 step A with a total of six 146 signals found, which shows the statements of describing research purposes. Signals that are not found are five, which are move 1 (step B, step C, step D), move 3 (step C), move 4 (step G). In the result of move 2 presents the completeness of the segment, which provides a RAIS interpretation containing a statement about the description in establishing the research field. Meanwhile, it is unfortunate that all the observed RAIs do not complete the move 1, which should be the basis for information in writing an introduction. The evidence is mentioned, of the seven RAs, only four have step one, which is useful for explaining important terms of the research. Five RAIs were identified containing step E, which stated a general claim in the research. This fact is related to the assumption statement of the writer to direct the reader to the focus of the research conducted. A total of three steps in move 1 missing in all RAIs analyzed are step B, step C and step D. All three have similar functions, namely explanations that support the research term that has been introduced. According to PJM theory, statements regarding government policy, a brief history, and geographical explanation must be included in the introduction. The students chose not to give a sentence that stated the thing to their RAIs. Therefore, it can be concluded that move 1 there are no RAIs that have complete steps. The move 2 findings in all RAIs provide a good result because the description stated in all the steps. However, the facts found are that not all RAIs have these steps, which are segments that explain the establishing the research field. Out of the seven RAIs, more than half of them includes a statement stating each step in move 2. In the analysis, four RAIs revealed statements that stated the introduction of the actual research. The other thing can also be seen that as many as four RAIs write statements expressing the identification of a research problem called step B in move 2. The lowest signal of this move is proven in step C that is only found in two RAIs. Step C states that the results of the review carried out relate to knowledge of the research. Not many signals are found in move 3, which is indicated by the few signals revealed. Based on figure 4.1, these four steps are found in one RAIs. Moreover, no signals have been found that lead to the step C statement in all of the RAIs. In fact, it is only one RAIs has been identified to express a statement that refers to the step A signal. Step A in the introduction serves to declare a signal that is inconsistent in previous studies. In other words, this step represents a review of gaps from previous studies which in fact were not noticed by the other six writers. The same thing has found in step B, which is only found in one RAIs. This step aims to express statements that form claims from researchers on a research topic that has not been done before. The statement should be considered to provide consistent support for a research, but the fact happens in findings, the writer tends to ignore this part. In move 3 is not found at all is step C, which identifies the statement containing a claim or sentence about the topic of the research being carried out is essential to be investigated. This step is beneficial for giving Justifying and convincing the reader that relevant research is necessary to conduct. The final findings in move 3 show that only one RAI contains statements referring to step D. This step expresses a statement on RAI that refers to the researcher's interest in conducting research. Then it can be concluded that the findings in this segment get the least rank compared to the signals found in other moves. The final finding is the analysis of the rhetorical moves of move 4, which has the most signals of all steps owned by step A. Figure 4.1 shows step A in move four is the step that most often appears on the RAIs of Linguistics students. The statement regarding the introduction of research purpose appears almost at the end of the introductions section. This section provides clear research objectives to readers who previously discussed the justification of research. A total of six RAIs have been identified, which makes step A is one of the crucial aspects of writing the introduction section. The next signal is step B, which only appears on one RAIs. This step 147 provides a clue about the research problem. Next, step C was also found in the same RAIs in the case of steps E and F. Step D was found twice in the RAIs, which are the opposite of Step G which was not found at all. The concept of rhetorical analysis called PJM is used in this research because it is better able to capture rhetorical signals that exist in Indonesian RAIs. Safnil (2010) formulated PJM in four communicative moves contained in Indonesian RAIs. The finding that has been explained previously, in the rhetorical move theory called PJM purposed by Safnil (2010) supports the results of research on seven research article introductions. In Figure 4.1, it has been proven that all PJM indicators can be found in the seven RAIs except for the five steps in each move. Additionally, PJM can describe the rhetorical move completely. The current research is carried out to reveal the quality of writing RAIs that can become potentially understandable at the international level. The completeness of each indicator makes an Indonesian RAI contain an explanation that can be conveyed effectively. Nevertheless, the facts found by the current research provide a different description of each introduction. The theory of Safnil (2013) rhetoric analysis used as an analysis of RAIs proves that some of these research articles have not contained complete moves. On the other hand, the length of the introduction section written by student linguistic programs does not guarantee a complete move. The moves contained in RAIs are mostly arranged in a sequence that insists they have sufficiently organized moves. From the previous research, Alkarima (2019) conducted research using the concept of PJM involved RAI written by Indonesians. The results of the research stated that the rhetorical moves identified were in accordance with PJM indicators. However, not all of the four moves were found in the analyzed RAIs, which made the research show the same results. The similarity of the results of the research is incomplete moves and steps. In the Alkarima findings, no step signals are found, but only analysis based on moves. The other results from Alkarimas' findings also state that the majority found four or three moves in the RAIs. Moves and steps on Indonesian RAIs have also been investigated by Sepni (2016) involving research articles in the medical field. The results of Sepni's research show a similarity between the current research and her research. Sepni (2016) research explains Indonesian academics who write health research articles have a different percentage of PJM signals. The lowest percentage is move 3, which is 28%, which means these academics tend to miss the part of justifying the research being carried out. This fact is in line with the results of the current research, which showed three articles also unidentified move 3. The other research also showed different results that were conducted by Muhtadin (2017). Research by Muhtadin (2017) involves Indonesian RAIs written by academics in the field of law. In discussing the results of the research, Muhtadin (2017) stated that the smallest percentage of his analysis was 48%, which stated move 1. The result is different from the results of the current research were academics in the field of law tend to pay less attention to establishing shared schemata. By considering the facts found in previous research, it can be concluded that graduate students in the Linguistic Master program have different patterns in rhetorical moves. Additionally, the current research has a limited number of RAIs are examined. The limited access to all research articles cannot cover the majority of graduate students in the Linguistic master's progra. This consideration needs to be done to get comprehensive coverage in order to get maximum data results. Additionally, the discourse analysis in rhetorical moves requires an extended analysis time because the data must be read intensively and also intensive checkups to get the objective findings. 148 4. Novelties The finding of this study can be a comparison for research in the field of scientific writing and also provide better knowledge of the rhetorical moves features specifically written by Indonesian. This research can inspire future researchers to conduct this kind of research relatively used in discourse analysis. Project Justifying Model (referred to PJM) has been established firstly by Ahmad (1997) to identify non-native speaker RAIs. Ahmad introduced the PJM analysis model on his dissertation that was used to analyze Malaysian RAIs and his claims for the better rhetorical description of Malaysian academics when writing RA introductions through PJM. 5. Conclusion The introduction section written by seven students in the Linguistic master program does not show the complete structure of the Project Justifying Model. Five steps do not appear at all in the research article introductions, and there are: moves 1 step A, step B, step C, step D; move 3 step C, and move 4 step G. Research articles that have been published nationally do not guarantee to have excellent rhetorical skills. Moreover, the length or the short writing of the introduction also does not guarantee the completeness of the rhetorical pattern. 6. Acknowledgements With mercies and blessings, in the name of God, the writers would like to express the deepest gratitude for the blessing, so the writer could finish this thesis entitled “Rhetorical moves in Research Article Introduction of Students of Linguistics Master Program”. This work would not have been possible without the support of the Supervisors Dr. Sri E. Tabiati, M.Ed, and Mrs. Hamamah, Ph.D who have been guide, help, support, enthusiastic encouragement, and work of my research. Indeed, also to writers’ lecturers at Linguistics study program who taught more than the writer could ever give them credit here. References: Agrawall, J. (2015). 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Biography of Authors Jevi Mahardika, S.Pd. was born in Blitar on August 12th, 1992. He graduated his bachelor degree in the Faculty of English Language Education, Universitas Brawijaya in 2016. He currently is completing his master degree in the Linguistics Master Program in Universitas Brawijaya. Email: Jvmahardika@gmail.com Dr. Sri E. Tabiati, M.Ed, is a Lecturer in Brawijaya University, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Malang, Indonesia, NIP 19540129 198010 2 001 Email: s.etabiati@gmail.com mailto:Jvmahardika@gmail.com 150 Hamamah, M.Pd. Ph.D. is a Lecturer in Brawijaya University, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Malang, Indonesia, NIP 19730103 200501 2 001 Email: hamamah08@gmail.com