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E-Journal of Tourism Vol.3. No.2. (2016): 130-139 

 

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot  130  e-ISSN: 2407-392X.  p-ISSN: 2541-0857  

Local Community Involvement and Quality of Life in Tourism Destination 

Development: Case of Coastal Tourism in West Java,  Indonesia 

 

Fitri Abdillah
 

 

Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bali Internasional, Bali, Indonesia 
 

Corresponding author: fitri_adie@yahoo.com 

 

 

ARTICLE INFO 

 

 
Received  

20 March 2016  

Accepted   

30 August 2016 

Available online  

15 September 2016  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

 

The community in the tourism destination is one of the key elements to 

ensure the sustainability of the tourism destination itself. The objective of this 

study was to determine if the development of tourism contributes to the 

involvement and the level of quality of life of the local community in 

Pangandaran and Palabuhanratu. A total of 279 samples were obtained from 

two locations. Data were analyzed by using descriptive methods to determine 

the phase of the development of destinations, the community involvement, 

and the level of quality of life  The results showed that (1) Pangandaran has a 

better destination performance than Palabuhanratu, (2) Pangandaran is in the 

growth phase and Palabuhanratu is in the consolidation phase, (3) Increase in 

the number of tourist arrivals in destinations within the growth phase is more 

influential than that in the consolidation phase, and (4) Among the four 

components of quality of life, the material aspect has the highest value, 

followed by the spiritual, social and personal aspects. The development of 

tourism destinations significantly affected the level of community 

involvement and the level of quality of life. 

 

Keywords: development, involvement, quality of life 

 

 

Introduction 

 

The implication of the development of 

tourism destinations is a multiplier impact for 

the community in the tourism destinations. 

Inskeep (1991) stated that the development of 

tourism destinations will be successful if it is 

able to improve the welfare of the people 

around the development zone. Community is 

one of the important components and its 

involvements help determine the development 

of a tourism destination.  The community’s 

involvements have resulted in the changes in 

their lives as a result of interaction with 

tourists. In some research, this welfare is often 

defined as the quality of life (Kim, 2002). The 

general and macro measurement often used to 

measure the quality of life is the Human 

Development Index (HDI). The data show that 

the provinces in Indonesia known as the 

province of tourism have a lower HDI value 

compared to the average of the national index. 

This means that in general, tourism has not 

been optimally supported the improvement of 

quality of life. However, is it true that tourism 

does not contribute to improving the quality of 

life? 

In addition to the general and macro 

measurement above, the level of the quality of 

life can also be measured by the satisfaction 

on physical needs, social environment, and 

other necessities of life. Research of Kim 

(2002) concluded that the development of 

tourism has a positive impact on improving the 

material, social, and emotional well-being. 

Tourist arrivals results in the increased 

material well-being that makes the people 

more prosperous socially and emotionally. 

Therefore Benckendorff et al. (2009) stated 

that the relationship between the development 

mailto:fitri_adie@yahoo.com


E-Journal of Tourism Vol.3. No.2. (2016): 130-139 

 

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of tourism destinations and the quality of life 

is still being debated.  Thus, tourism is 

assumed to affect the lives of people's 

satisfaction. Therefore, this study was 

designed to analyze the contribution of the 

development of tourism destinations to the 

level of the quality of life of the local people. 

 

In the context of the development of 

tourism destinations in Indonesia, the West 

Java Province occupies a strategic position. 

The tourism performance in West Java has 

been greatly supported by the abundant 

number of tourists from the capital city of 

Jakarta. Nonetheless, West Java has 

contributed only approximately 10% of the 

performance of national tourism, yet this 

region has various attractive tourism 

destinations to visit, including the 

Pangandaran and Palabuhanratu. The objective 

of the research was to find out if in micro 

economics, the development of tourism can 

contribute to the involvement and the quality 

of life of the local people in Pangandaran and 

Palabuhanratu. 

 

As a dynamic system, tourism is the 

interaction of various components including 

the local people as a part of it. This interaction 

has positive and negative consequences. 

Diedrich and García-Buades (2009) stated that 

there is a strong correlation between the public 

perception on the impact of tourism 

development and the stage of development of 

tourism destination itself. In the early stages of 

tourism development shown that the local 

people tend to have a positive attitude, but 

after massive development, their perceptions 

will turn into negative.  

 

The people’s positive behavior 

towards tourism is related to how the local 

people enjoy their lives in the community 

(Jurowski and Brown, 2001). Therefore, this 

study focused on the inter-relationship 

between the development of tourism 

destinations, the involvement and the quality 

of life of the local people in it. Some theories 

underlying these notions are as follows. 

a) Stage of development of tourism 
destinations refers to the model developed 

by Butler (1980); destination will evolve 

according to a cyclical model starting 

from the absence of tourism activities, 

until the massive development in the form 

of mass exploitation and subsequently 

saturation and decline occur.    . 

b) The level of the local people’s 
involvement in development is defined as 

community participation in the 

development activities, which are divided 

into: planning, implementation, and 

monitoring. Community involvement is 

measured by using the ranking system of 

Arnstein (1969) with three levels, namely 

non-participation, tokenism, and 

independence. 

c) Quality of life is defined as individual 
satisfaction of all dimensions of life. 

Quality of life of the local communities is 

measured subjectively and grouped into 

four aspects, including aspects of material 

life (Kim, 2002), aspects of social life 

(Norman, Harwell and Allen, 1997), 

aspects of personal life (Sirgy, 2001), and 

aspects of spiritual life (Paloutzian and 

Ellison, 1982). 

 

Research Objective: 

 

The objective of this study was to 

determine if the development of tourism 

contributes to the involvement and the level of 

quality of life of the local community in 

Pangandaran and Palabuhanratu. 

 

Methodology 

 

The study analyzed the interrelation 

between the development of tourism 

destinations, the involvement of local 

communities, and the quality of life. The 

development of tourism destinations was 

measured by the fluctuation of data on the five 

attributes of tourism destinations, namely 

tourists, accommodations, attractions, 

accessibility and amenities. Community 

involvement is measured by the ranking 

system of participation that includes three 

development stages: planning, 

implementation, and monitoring. The quality 

of life was measured by the individuals’ 

subjective perception of the community about 

their satisfaction with the four aspects of 

quality of life i.e. the material, the social, the 

personal, and the spiritual aspects. The pattern 

of interrelation of these three development 

stages are described as follows. 

 
 



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Figure 1 Framework of Thinking 

 

The research method is survey 

research by combining qualitative and 

quantitative approaches. The research was 

conducted in the Pananjung Village of 

Pangandaran and Citepus Village of 

Palabuhanratu. Samples were the local people 

of the two villages. Samples were taken using 

purposive method with minimum criteria of 

100 samples for each village. A total of 279 

samples were obtained from both locations. 

Data were analyzed by descriptive methods to 

determine the rate of development of tourism 

destinations, the community involvement and 

the quality of life. The index rate of 

development of tourism destinations was used 

to plot the development of tourism 

destinations based on the model of Butler 

(1980).  The community involvement was 

known from the respondents' answers on the 

statement of participation and it was plotted in 

the Arnstein's participation ladder (1969). The 

quality of life of the local people was found 

out by make up the quality of life index which 

consists of the material aspects, the social 

aspects, the personal aspects, and the spiritual 

aspects. Comparative analysis was conducted 

to find differences in the character of the 

development of destination, the community 

involvement, and the quality of life in 

Pangandaran and Palabuhan ratu. 

 

Results and Discussion 

 

Tourism Destination Development 

 

The discussion on the development of 

tourism destinations is a discussion of the 

attributes of tourism destinations. Among the 

various researchers, it seems that the 

approaches of Buhalis (2000) and Inskeep 

(1991) are easier to be implemented in 

Pangandaran and Palabuhanratu, compared 

with attributes proposed by other researchers. 

The approaches stated that tourist destinations 

have tourism determinants in the forms of 

tourists, tourist attractions, accessibility, 

amenities and accommodations. 

 

The data showed that the number of 

tourists visiting Palabuhanratu was higher 

compared to Pangandaran. In both areas, it 

was gained the same impression about the 

season of tourists who utilize national holidays 

and weekends to visit. In the days of national 

holidays, there was a surge in the number of 

tourists that exceeded the capacity of locations 

in both regions, so that traffic congestion 

cannot be avoided. It is then taken up by the 

people with a variety of simple service 

activities such as foodstalls and rest area, 

resulting in a profitable symbiosis. The 

development of accommodation in both 

regions showed a different pattern. Although 

the data showed that the number of tourists to 

Pangandaran was smaller compared to 

Palabuhanratu, investments for the 

construction of accommodation are more 

taking place in Pangandaran. It can be seen 

from the increasing number of non-star hotels 

and homestays. This development is due to its 

greater distance and the number of attractions 

that must be visited in Pangandaran made 

travelers should spend the night in 

Pangandaran. Tourists prefer to stay at non-

star hotels and homestays available. Therefore, 

businesses of non-star hotels and homestays 

are more desirable in Pangandaran. 

 

The considerable increase of the 

number of tourists in the region did not lead to 

the improvement of infrastructure. This seems 

to be related to the local government policies 

that have not been in favor of tourism, 

although admittedly tourism has an important 

role in the development. The development of 

amenities in Palabuhanratu seems to thrive 

better than that in Pangandaran. The 

development of amenities of both economic 

and non-economic was assumed to be related 

to the development of Palabuhanratu as the 

district capital and the economic center in the 

southern part of the area of Sukabumi.   



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In general, Pangandaran has higher 

index of quality than Palabuhanratu. Based on 

the characteristics of tourism destinations, 

Pangandaran and Palabuhanratu can be plotted 

into Butler (1980) curve and illustrated in the 

Figure 2. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 2 Illustrative Mapping of Pangandaran 

and Palabuhanratu in Butler Curve (1980) 

 

 

The figure of illustration above shows 

that Pangandaran is in the growth phase and 

Palabuhanratu is in the consolidation phase. 

According to Butler (1980) tourism destination 

in the growth phase is marked by the rise of 

investments mainly accommodation as well as 

the emergence of new tourist attractions in 

accordance with the needs of visitors. Public 

facilities have been changed into business 

premises. Investments that mainly for business 

accommodation are on the increase both by 

investors and the local community itself. Thus, 

the growth phase means that development 

should always be done to keep improving the 

quality of destinations in order to remain 

sustainable. 

 

 

 Applications of Butler (1980) showed 

that the study supports the model. The purpose 

of applying this model is to estimate the 

position of the development of tourism 

destinations. This seems to correspond with 

the opinion of da Conceição Gonçalves and 

Águas (1997) which stated that for the sake of 

development decision-making, the 

implementation of the model can be 

conducted. With this standard foundation, it 

can be concluded that a particular phase has 

characteristics of specific involvement and 

quality of life as well. 

 

The conclusion from the above 

discussion is that the tourism destination 

which is in the growth phase, the development 

of the number of tourist has led to more 

multiplier effect of increased business 

accommodation, tourist attractions and 

informal community businesses, compared to 

that of tourism destination which is in the 

consolidation phase. Tourist developments in 

the two phases are not significantly led to the 

development of infrastructure. The 

development of the infrastructure development 

supported by government programs that are 

meant not only for the purpose of development 

of tourism destinations alone. 

 

Local Community Involvement 

 

The results showed that community 

involvement in the planning stages is in non-

participation level. Low levels of community 

involvement in planning is thought to be 

caused by the way of the planning approach 

which does not foster participation. This is in 

accordance with the opinion of Guzman, (1989 

cited by Sunarti, 2008) which states that the 

failure of the people involved in the 

development is caused by (1) less strategies in 

fostering community engagement that should 

be part of the development program, (2) the 

community is considered as people who do not 

understand about the development plans. Low 

education levels and lack of ability to identify 

the problems that became the basis of these 

assumptions, and (3) the existing organizations 

or local institutions are often managed by non- 

participatory mechanism, but is used as a 

legalization program that has already been 

planned. 

 

 

Stagnation 

Growth 

PANGANDARAN 

PALABUHAN 
RATU 

Consolidatio
n



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 In the implementation phase, the 

involvement is ranked independence. This 

happens because the actual implementation 

phase occurs during the interaction between 

the local people and the tourists. The people 

seek to benefit from the arrival of tourists, 

with an initiative to set up profitable 

businesses. However, these initiatives are 

often not in accordance with the rules and 

regulations set by the government. This 

community initiative was realized with the risk 

that if the government making the arrangement 

of the locations, then they are ready to be 

relocated. This fact is consistent with the 

findings of Cooper (1995) that the 

development of tourism destinations are 

always characterized by fragmentation and 

domination by retail businesses whose 

existence following the tourist season. The 

domination of the retail businesses can be seen 

by the development of the food stalls, 

especially in Pangandaran with the amount 

exceeding 20 percent per year.   

 

At the monitoring stage, the 

community involvement is ranked tokenism. 

Communities take the monitoring initiative in 

the form of daily interaction between 

community members as well as interaction 

with the tourists. The government play a role 

as a regulator generally relates to the 

structuring of zoning, licenses/permits and 

taxes or levies. However, monitoring by both 

the public and the government seemed as 

oversight hesitation. As if the government 

ignored for the sake of tax considerations in 

order to increase the local revenues (PAD). 

Thus, continuous monitoring is not conducted, 

the lack of enforcement of clear rules, and 

only performed with the orientation of 

regional income. This is the reason for the 

lower public participation in the planning 

stage, while at the operational stage, the role 

of government is very strong and declining at 

the monitoring stage. The pattern of 

community involvement in the two regions 

can be described by the ranking ladder of 

Arnstein (1969) in Table 1. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 1.  

The pattern of community involvement in the 

two regions by the ranking ladder  

 

Particip

ation 
ladder 

Arnstei

n 
(1969) 

Stage 

Planning 
Implementatio

n 
Monitoring 

Pang
andar

an 

Palab
uhanr

atu 

Pang
andar

an 

Palab
uhanr

atu 

Pang
andar

an 

Palab
uhanr

atu 

Nonpar

ticipati

on 

      

74,1

% 

91,2

% 
    

Tokeni

sm 

      

    
67,5
% 

80,5
% 

Citizen 

Power 

      

  
88,0

% 

85,0

% 
  

Resouces: Primary Data (2014) 

 

From the table it can be seen that in 

the two regions showed the same pattern of 

community involvement. The involvement of 

non-participation in the planning, independent 

involvement in the implementation, and 

involvement of tokenism in the monitoring. 

Such a pattern is a common pattern in 

development planning in Indonesia. According 

to Rosyida and Nasdian (2011) the concept of 

technocratic planning still dominates the 

development planning in Indonesia. The 

implications of minimum community 

involvement in planning is the euphoria of 

involvement in the implementation phase, 

especially during the high tourist seasons.  

 

The study's findings also indicated 

that the difference in the profession affected 

on the community involvement in 

Pangandaran and Palabuhanratu. It seems that 

the attractiveness of the jobs has made the 

local people interested in getting involved, 

especially in the implementation of the 

development. Of the various types of 

professions, it was mostly entrepreneurs. The 

types of business are mostly traders either 

foods or grocery stores. It is the professions 

that encourage people to get involved instead 

of education, age and income. It is believed to 

be related to the perception that jobs will 



E-Journal of Tourism Vol.3. No.2. (2016): 130-139 

 

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generate revenue, and jobs can be used as a 

medium for socializing. A good job can 

encourage someone to get involved in 

community activities. Usually people with 

certain job levels will be able to spend or not 

even take the slightest time to engage in 

certain activities.  

 

The conclusion of this discussion is that 

in the phase of the development of tourism 

destinations has not resulted in changes in the 

rating of involvement of the ladder of in 

participation, but in the destination with the 

growth phase, the pattern of community 

involvement in the planning, implementation, 

and monitoring tended to be more moderate. 

In the consolidation phase tended to be more 

extreme at the planning stage, the public 

would probably not get involved, but at the 

implementation stage more number of people 

involved. These patterns describe how 

decisions are made by the community. 

Involvement also influenced by other people’s 

activities, particularly the jobs. The desire to 

do the same things as others, seems to be more 

dominant in the community in tourism 

destinations during the consolidation phase. 

 

Local Community Quality of Life 

 

Aggregately, the quality of life index of 

Pangandaran was better than the 

Palabuhanratu. This finding also confirms the 

opinion of Inskeep (1991) and Jurowski 

(1994) about the importance of community in 

the development of tourism. The good 

performance of destination development will 

be marked with the good level of quality of 

life as well. The aggregate value of quality of 

life index is presented in the following table. 

 

Tabel 1 

Local Community Quality of Life Pangandaran 

and Palabuhanratu 

 

No Aspect 
Arithmetic Weight Mean Index 

Pangandaran Palabuhanratu Pangandaran Palabuhanratu 

I Material 71 , 77 70 , 46 21 , 53 21 , 14 

II Social 68 , 73 69 , 56 17 , 18 17 , 39 

III Personal 72 , 39 72 , 09 18 , 10  18 , 02 

IV Spiritual 79 , 06 77 , 88 15 , 81 15 , 58 

Quality of Life Index 72,63 72,12 

Resouces: Primary Data (2014) 

 

 

The above table shows that in terms of 

material aspects, Pangandaran has a higher 

index than Palabuhanratu.  It can be seen from 

the components that forming the material 

aspect. It is known that all components in the 

material aspects of Pangandaran showed a 

higher value than Palabuhanratu. Two things 

that are assumed to be the causes: the social 

character of the community and the people’s 

work ethic. The social character of fishermen 

has a more open character. Uncertainty factor 

which was higher than in agriculture led to the 

fishing communities had to work harder to get 

adequate results. This pattern is shaping the 

community work ethic of Pangandaran to be 

higher than that in Palabuhanratu. 

 

The analysis showed that there was a 

weak and significant correlation between the 

community involvement and the quality of 

life. This value indicates that the involvement 

of the community turned out to contribute to 

the level of quality of life of local 

communities (rpng=0.219 dan rplb=0.270).   The 

relationship was so significant that it cannot be 

ignored. Accordingly, aspects of the 

development of tourism destinations and 

community involvement affected the quality of 

life of the local communities. The weak 

correlation value was assumed to be caused by 

the level of quality of life which was measured 

subjectively using the micro-scale of 

individual communities.   

 

 The conclusion obtained that the 

involvements of the local communities in both 

locations were determined in tourism 

activities. This finding is consistent with the 

research conducted by (Jurowski, 1994; 

Andereck and Vogt, 2000) which states that 

the level of the local quality of life is 

determined by the activity of tourism as a tool 

to improve the economic position. Their hope 

is to obtain a better job, while maintaining the 

socio-cultural and environmental conditions. 

Thus, the development of tourism destinations 

can create social justice and provide economic 

security through its involvement in the 

development.  

 

 

 

 

 

 



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Tourism Destination Development, Local 

Community Involvement and Quality of 

Life  

 

Based on description above, the 

relationship between the development of 

tourism destinations and community 

involvement, and quality of life can be 

generalized by assessing the the relationship of 

all three. The data in Table 3 illustrates the 

relationship between the development of 

destinations, the community involvement and 

the quality of life. In terms of destination 

development, the performance of Pangandaran 

was better than that of Palabuhanratu. Better 

development was supported by a rating factor, 

where tourists have a longer stay so as to 

spend more money. The factor of length of 

stay was supported by the facst of selection of 

objects and tourist attractions in Pangandaran 

are more varied than the Palabuhanratu. The 

decisions of tourists to stay longer also due to 

the provision of better accommodation 

facilities and access. This suggests that the 

development of destinations from 

Pangandaran was better than Palabuhanratu. 

 

Tabel 2  

Interrelation among Destination Development, 

Local Community Involvement and Quality of 

Life 

 

Item analyse 

Destinations Comparati
ve 

Analysis 
Pangandaran 

(A) 

Palabuhanrat

u (B) 

Destination Development 

 Growth of 
number of 

tourist 

0,300 0,270 A>B 

 Growth of 
number of 

accomodati
on 

0,225 0,138 A>B 

 Growth of 
number of  

object and 
attraction 

0,125 0,050 A>B 

 Growth of 
number of 
accesibility 

0,125 0,101 A>B 

 Growth of 
number of 

amenity 

0,075 0,150 A<B 

 Destination 
developmen

t phase 

0,845 

(Developmen
t) 

0,709 

(Consolidatio
n) 

A>B 

Local Commnity Involvement 

 Planning Nonparticipat
ion 

Nonparticipat
ion 

A=B 

 Implementa
tion 

Citizen 
power 

Citizen 
power 

A=B 

 Monitoring Tokenism Tokenism A=B 

Local Community Involvement 

 Material 
aspect index 

21,53 21,14 A>B 

 Community 
aspect index 

17,18 17,39 A<B 

 Personal 
aspect index 

18,10 18,02 A>B 

 Spiritual 
aspect index 

15,81 15,58 A>B 

 Total  
aspect index 

72,63 72,12 A>B 

Correlation between Community Involvement and Quality of 

Life 

 Material 
aspect  

0,234** 0,165* A>B 

 Community 
aspect  

0,173* 0,111 A>B 

 Personal 
aspect  

0,078 0,156 A>B 

 Spiritual 
aspect  

0,232** 0,304** A<B 

Noted  : *. Correlation is significant 

at the 0.05 level (1-tailed). 

**. Correlation is significant 

at the 0.01 level (1-tailed). 

 

It can be seen that the development 

phase and the involvement of the local 

communities affected the quality of life of the 

local communities in the material, social, and 

spiritual aspects. Thus, the people involved in 

tourism development with the purpose to 

increase the prosperity in terms of economic, 

social relation, and spiritual values. In the 

consolidation phase, the involvement of the 

local communities is affecting the quality of 

life in terms of material aspect, and spiritual 

aspect. The local communities were interested 

to be involved in the destination development 

in order to increase the prosperity in the 

economic sense, and spiritual values. 

 

The interesting finding of this research 

was that the increasing number of domestic 

tourists in Pangandaran has no significant 

effect on the quality of life in the community. 

It is believed to be related to the degree of 

heterogeneity in Pangandaran. This 

heterogeneity level causes a more flexible 

attitude towards immigrants and their impacts 

on quality of life in community are smaller. 



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Some heterogeneous characters stated by 

Britha (1999) namely: similarity, equality, 

democracy, solidarity, justice and social 

solidarity. These principles seem to be going 

well in Pangandaran so that the revenues from 

domestic tourists do not cause changes in the 

overall quality of life.  

 

 However, the findings strengthen the 

opinion of Benckendorff et al. (2009) that 

research on the quality of life of the local 

people, put more emphasis on how the impact 

of tourism development can affect their life 

satisfaction. The study's findings also support 

the notion of Liu and Var (1986) that people 

realize that tourism can have a positive impact 

on the economy but are reluctant to accept 

changes in environmental and social aspects 

due to tourism. Thus the developments of 

tourism destinations in both study areas, were 

not fully lead to positive changes in all aspects 

of quality of life there. 

 

Based on the above discussion some 

points can be synthesized as follows. 

 

First, Pangandaran has a better performance 

compared to Palabuhanratu. Pangandaran is in 

the growth phase and Palabuhanratu is in the 

consolidation phase when plotted in the model 

of TALC of Butler (1980). The study's 

findings do not completely follow that model, 

because the use of the attributes of the tourism 

destination corrected the development phase of 

destination is not only determined by the 

growing number of tourists. 

 

Second, the pattern of community involvement 

in the two phases of the development of 

tourism destinations show a similar pattern. 

Tourism destination development phase did 

not cause a change in the ranking of the ladder 

of participation, but at the destination with the 

growth phase, the pattern of community 

involvement in the planning, implementation, 

and monitoring tend to be more moderate.  

  

Third, the level of quality of life of the local 

communities in both destinations showed a 

high level. Among the four aspects of quality 

of life, the material aspect is in the highest 

position, followed by the spiritual aspect, the 

social aspect and the  personal aspect. 

Fourth, there was a positive relationship 

between the community involvements with the 

quality of life of society as a whole. Thus, the 

developments of tourism destinations have an 

impact on the level of community involvement 

and the quality of life.    The value of 

influence was weak but could not be ignored. 

Such findings indicate that research carried out 

by Kim (2002), about the positive impact of 

tourism development on improving the 

material, social, and emotional well-beings, 

and Jurowski (1994) about the positive impact 

of tourism development on the quality of life, 

does not seem entirely correspond with the 

situation in the two areas. 

 

Conclusion 

 

The development of tourism 

destinations significantly affected the level of 

community involvement and the level of 

quality of life, Pangandaran has a better 

destination performance than Palabuhanratu, 

Pangandaran is in the growth phase and 

Palabuhanratu is in the consolidation phase, 

Increase in the number of tourist arrivals in 

destinations within the growth phase is more 

influential than that in the consolidation phase, 

and among the four components of quality of 

life, the material aspect has the highest value, 

followed by the spiritual, social and personal 

aspects.  

 

Recommendation 

 

First, the development of tourism 

destinations is defined as an increase in the 

number of tourists which increased attributes 

of other destinations. Therefore, the 

government with tourism stakeholders need to 

make good planning and strategic steps to 

ensure that the growth of the number of 

tourists result in the positive impact on 

improving the quality of attributes of tourism 



E-Journal of Tourism Vol.3. No.2. (2016): 130-139 

 

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot  138  e-ISSN: 2407-392X.  p-ISSN: 2541-0857  

destinations.  Second, the facts show that the 

higher the involvement of the community, the 

better the performance of tourism destinations. 

Therefore, to improve the performance of the 

tourism destination, it is required a higher 

community involvement. The pattern of 

community involvement needs to be shifted 

from passive to active pattern. Third, the facts 

that the development of tourism destinations 

significantly influenced on the level of quality 

of life of the local communities. The 

significant positive effect was shown in the 

material and spiritual aspects of quality of life, 

while the social and personal aspects showed 

the opposite pattern. Therefore, it is necessary 

for efforts to protect the assets of society 

against loss due to the development of 

tourism. Strengthening the social institutions 

and communication between stakeholders 

should continue to be developed. 

 

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