E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 87http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Participatory Planning of Tourist Train Station Accessibility and Creative Industry Development Muhamad Muhamad*, Aneke Rahmawati Master Program in Tourism Studies, Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: drmuhammad@ugm.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.24922/eot.v8i1.71450 Abstract Wirun tourism village, which covers an area of 265,500 ha, is an area that has its appeal in the creative industry with its strategic location which is located on the main transportation route and is traversed by bus routes that are widely used by people for transportation. There is alternative transportation in the form of Tourist Trains for the people to expand their reach but they are only able to pass by and overlook the area. The purpose of this study is to determine the process of participa- tory planning that has high acceptability if implemented. This is because all of the stakeholders are involved in every stage of planning policy formulation. The developed method aims to describe, explain and vali- date social phenomena as the object of the research by systematically creating descriptions, portrayals or paintings, as well as relationships between the observed phenomena and a process or relationship, provid- ing a complete picture in either verbal or numerical form, presenting basic information of a relationship, creating a set of categories and clas- sifying the research subjects. The results of this study are the concept of participatory planning in the development of the concept of recon- struction, adaptive revitalization in connecting tourist destinations with the gamelan creative industry through spatial and regional revitalization approaches. Keywords: participatory planning, accessibility, creative industries Article Info Submitted November 20th 2020 Accepted March 18th 2021 Published March 31th 2021 accessibility, and infrastructure in going to the destination. Another problem is that the destination as a tourist attraction is not based on a structured and documented planning concept according to official de- velopment documents. This often happens on site levels such as tourism villages and other development of tourist destinations. As such, support from various internal par- ties is needed, including the government, all stakeholders, and the community in de- INTRODUCTION The problems and challenges for tourism in Indonesia today are the lack of collaboration between the government and all stakeholders, including the role and the involvement of the community in develo- ping tourist destinations. Some of the other issues in tourism development in Indonesia are the preservation of natural resources, the participation of the local communities, E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 88http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Saron, Peking (Gamelan), Kenong & Ket- huk, Slenthem, Gender, Gong, Gambang, Rebab, Siter, Suling. While the main ing- redients in the gamelan are metal, wood, and leather. There is a ritual performed by gamelan-making experts before making the gamelan, the gamelan-making experts in question are the makers of gamelan made from metal, namely bronze in Wirun Villa- ge, Sukoharjo Regency. Several other po- tentials as developing tourist attractions are as shown in the Table 1. The determination of Wirun village as a village that has an attraction for tourists to visit and become a tourist attraction lies on the Decree of the Regent as the level 2 regional head of Sukoharjo Region Num- ber 556/460 / IV / 1993 which was issued on April 10, 1993, which recognized Wirun Village as an agricultural, arts and culture, as well as industrial tourism destination. This makes Wirun Village to be known by the surrounding communities, including tourists. The development from 1993 expe- rienced a period of stagnation and did not develop at all, because it did not have any development concepts and documentation. Then in 2018 of a Decree from the Regent veloping tourist destinations. The existence of site-level destina- tions such as the Wirun tourism village, as one of the most well-known tourist villages in Sukoharjo, Central Java is because of the many tourism potentials the region has. The village, which is located in Mojolaban District, also has easy access to get to from Solo City and Karanganyar since it is only one kilometer away from Solo City, Wirun tourist village is a location visited by many local and international tourists. The tou- rism attraction is the fact that it is the cen- ter of the gamelan creative industry that has developed since the Dutch colonial rule. The products of the creative industry have become export commodities and many tourists visit to see how they are made and to order directly from the craftsmen. Quoting from the opinion of seve- ral experts such as Totok Susanto (2016), the word gamelan as a creative industry comes from the Javanese word “gamel” which means hitting followed by the suf- fix “an” which indicates a noun. Gamelan is a collection of musical instruments that are played together which consist of Ken- dang, Bonang, Bonang Penerus, Demung, Table 1. The potential of Wirun Tourism Village as a tourist attraction. Potential Description of the Potential Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM). Agricultural businesses, livestock, and fisheries, Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) and home industries, labor are absorbed in various UKM and home industries as creative industries so that they absorb a lot of labor: gamelan makers, tile craftsmen, furniture craftsmen, sungging carving, screen printers, goyor weavers, paper puppet craftsmen. Puri Sahasra Adi Pura as the Spiritual Center Is a place of worship that is open to all beliefs and practices of ancient knowledge and practices of mannerism techniques from various tradi- tions, as an interfaith center that still survives until today and many foreign and domestic tourists study and live in Wirun village to learn these spiritual materials. Embung Pengantin It is a location that stores water resources and a source of freshwater biota which is capable of storing water reserves needed, especially dur- ing the dry season and as a source of water for irrigation. Source: Analysis, 2020 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 89http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 of Sukoharjo number 414/787 of 2018 was issued, concerning the Designation of Wi- run Village, Mojolaban District as a Tou- rism Village. The stakeholders who played the most role in determining the tourism vil- lage were the Sukoharjo Regency Govern- ment, the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda), the Sukoharjo Regency Tourism Office assisted by the Wirun villa- ge community as the recipient village of the policy. The development of the destination to become a tourist destination, including being attractive towards tourists, must meet 3 criteria, namely: The three requirements above ac- cording to Oka (1996) are in line with the pattern of tourism marketing objectives in destinations so that more tourists come and stay longer in the destination. The Suko- harjo Regency Government realizes that efforts to develop a tourist village in Wirun village cannot be carried out by the govern- ment alone, instead, they need the support of the related parties. Figure 1. Gamelan produced by craftsmen in Wirun village, Mojolaban, Sukoharjo is still surviving using traditional technology. Source: Researcher’s documentation, 2020 The realization of a tourist village with a creative gamelan industry has ex- perienced obstacles and problems. The problem is the level of participation and the role of the community in the development of tourist villages in Wirun village is still low, currently being stagnant. These prob- lems include a) the lack of socialization of tourism villages to the community which causes a lack of public knowledge about the importance of tourism. Socialization of potential attractions in Wirun tourist villa- ge, including the active role of the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) is less than optimal, b) lack of understanding of the village community on the importance of tourism, c) accessibility problems, especi- ally between modes of transportation in the form of a tourist train that crosses Wirun village. A stopping point for the tourist is needed, d) the main entrance to Wirun vil- lage is needed for clarity and characteris- tics, e) lack of involvement of stakeholders in the development of Wirun tourist village. As a tourism village located in Mo- jolaban District, it has an important role as a liaison and recipient of the creative industry. Sukoharjo Regency includes lar- ge industries including textile and phar- maceutical industries, medium-sized in- dustries including furniture, plastics, food/ beverage and garment industries, small in- Table 2. Requirements for the Development of Tourist Destinations to become Tourist Destinations. Tourism Aspect Description of Aspect Something to be seen for the tourists The destination must have a tourist attraction that is different from other regions’ attractions. Something to do for the tourists The destination has activities for people who live in destinations and recreational facilities that can make them stay longer at the destination Something to be bought by the tour- ists This destination has the availability of shopping facilities for tourists, especially souvenirs and creative industries from the handicrafts of people living in the destination. Source: Various developed sources, 2020 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 90http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 dustries including tempe, tofu, traditional herbal medicine, mushrooms, food/beve- rage industries The following is a table of the leading regional products of Sukoharjo Regency and the distribution table of the leading industries: From the Table 3 & 4, it can be seen that the leading product in Sukoharjo Re- gency is processed food, followed by tex- tiles and textile products. Meanwhile, the district that produces the most superior pro- ducts is Mojolaban District with 9 kinds of leading industries in Sukoharjo Regency. The 9 types of the leading industries are: Processed Food, Textiles and Textile Pro- ducts, Gamelan, Roof Tile, Alcohol, Batik, Lurik (manual loom), Brick, and Shuttle- cock. From the Table 5, it can be seen that there has been an increase in the number of companies/industries in Sukoharo Regen- cy, which is 348 companies/small industries from 2011 to 2018. The next increase was for medium companies/industries, namely 105 medium companies/industries. The in- crease also occurred in large companies/in- dustries, namely an increase of 195 compa- nies/industries. If all of them are summed up, the total increase in all companies/in- dustries in Sukoharjo Regency is 648 com- panies/industries. The problems faced by Wirun Villa- ge have the characteristics of Panca Helix which was adopted as an operational ap- proach to encourage innovation activities at the territorial or site level such as Wirun Village. The characteristic is particularly useful for sites with relevant knowledge- based economies, creative industries driven by innovation, all supported by consensus action by the parties concerned. In destina- tions at the site level where conditions are not supportive, the implementation of Pan- ca Helix is still considered ineffective. This can occur especially in areas with poor eco- nomic growth rates, where innovation and knowledge from academics lack support from the industries, Viale and Ghiglione, (1998). The main purpose of this research is how to revive the tourism village with in- volvement in planning which is supported Table 3. Local Leading Products of Sukoharjo Regency Product Number of Business Units Textile and Textile Product 1,107 Batik 88 Lurik and Sarung Goyor (Manual loom) 205 Traditional Herbal Medicine 120 Alcohol 123 Rattan Furniture 289 Wooden Furniture 820 Guitar 250 Gamelan 21 Shuttlecock 98 Leather Crafts (Tatah Sungging and Calligraphy) 49 Processed Food 2,206 Roof Tile 398 Engraved Glass 4 Wuwung and Talang Seng (Zinc Gutter) 124 Source: Sukoharjo Regency Industry and Manpower Agency (2017) E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 91http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Table 5. Classification of Companies/Industries in Sukoharjo Regency Year Classification of Company/Industry Total Small Medium Large 2011 103 121 9 233 2012 100 88 65 253 2013 260 135 84 479 2014 284 149 95 528 2015 306 157 102 565 2016 321 175 106 602 2017 321 224 200 745 2018 451 226 204 881 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of Sukoharjo Regency Table 4. Distribution of Leading Industries in Sukoharjo Regency Sub-district Type of Industry Kartasura Processed Foods, Textiles and Textile Products, Engraved Glass, and Crafts Gatak Processed Foods, Textiles and Textile Products, Rattan Furniture, Javanese Clothing, and Crafts Grogol Processed Food, Textiles and Textile Products Engraved Glass, Gui- tar, Batik, Shuttlecock and Embroidery Baki Processed Foods, Textiles and Textile Products, Engraved Glass, and Shuttlecock Sukoharjo Processed Food, Textiles and Textile Products, Tatah Sungging, Wooden Furniture, Batik, Woven Bamboo, and Traditional Herbal Medicine Nguter Processed Foods, Textiles and Textile Products, and Traditional Herbal Medicine Mojolaban Processed Food, Textiles and Textile Products, Gamelan, Roof Tile, Alcohol, Batik, Lurik (manual loom), Bricks, and Shuttlecocks Polokarto Processed Foods, Textiles and Textile Products, Batik, Alcohol, and Roof Tile Tawangsari Processed Foods, Textiles and Textile Products, Sarung Goyor, and Batik Weru Processed Food, Textiles and Textile Products, Lurik (manual loom), Batu Bata, Talang & Wuwung Seng, Roof Tile Bulu Processed Food, Textiles and Textile Products, Bird Cages, Wooden Furniture, Bags from Plastic Waste Bendosari Processed Foods, Textiles and Textile Products, Sesame Oil, and Woven Bamboo Source: Sukoharjo Regency Industry and Manpower Agency (2017) E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 92http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 by efforts to connect the tourist train tran- sportation route. The stopping point is a tourist route from the city point to the tourist village in the form of the main entrance for the tourist train line from Purwosari Sta- tion, Solo City to Wonogiri Regency. It is hoped that the route will be able to stop at the tourist village that previously existed but is now gone (demolished). It is hoped that these stopping points will facilitate the transportation route for tourists and make it easier to reach tourist destinations. As such, a participatory planning concept approach is needed in the revitalization of the area including developing the potential of the tourism village in the form of the Gamelan creative industry to become a growing and developing area, especially the resurrection of the village’s creative economy. METHOD The developed method aims to desc- ribe, explain and validate social phenome- na as the object of the research by systema- tically creating descriptions, portrayals or paintings, as well as relationships between the observed phenomena and a process or relationship, providing a complete picture in either verbal or numerical form, presen- ting basic information of a relationship, creating a set of categories and classifying the research subjects. The data collection technique is carried out by interview, to gather information about the planning pro- cess carried out by the Wirun village go- vernment. Interviews were conducted on research subjects which included key infor- mants, namely people affected by policies and policymaking. The next technique is the observation used to measure site analy- sis, studying the history of the station that is no longer there, the distance of connection through mapping, conservation actions that must be taken, supporting documents, and revitalization of the area. Documentation of research implementation is carried out to document various activities and implemen- tation of the tourist train station master plan and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), which is a data collection method commonly used in qualitative research. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The purpose of the focus group itself is to obtain input or information on issues that are local and specific. The resolution of this problem is determined by the other party after the information has been col- lected and analyzed. The implementation of focus group discussions is done with the aim of 1) so that each participant has the opportunity to speak, express opinions, and be actively involved in the discussion, (2) discussion participants come from policy- makers and various elements, as presented in the Table 6: Table 3 illustrates the concept of par- ticipatory planning involvement and par- ticipatory elements that the tourist train station plan has received attention and re- sponses from various parties to realize the plan until now. This is in line with Caray- annis and Campbell (2010) thinking of the importance of government, university and industry policies as well as civilian com- munities interacting intelligently, effective- ly, and efficiently, this approach makes the concept of participatory tourism train sta- tion planning as follows: Figure 2. Theoretical framework and par- ticipatory planning concept, 2020. Source: Research analysis Spatial Approach E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 93http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 A spatial approach is a development approach aimed at managing spatial plan- ning, both geographically, demographical- ly, and the village potential (Bintarto and Hadisumarno, 1991). To explore the tou- rism potential in Wirun village, the Wirun village government has taken a spatial ap- proach as a guide to the basic framework for rural development and is a document that reflects the entire Wirun station mas- ter plan including developments in a rural area. This spatial approach also answers the problems and development demands nee- ded by the village government and commu- nity in the future. The implementation of a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the stakeholders on participatory planning of the Tourist Train Station in Wirun village, it can be seen that development planning in Wirun village uses a bottom-up system, meaning that the planning process involves the entire com- munity (Azwar, 1988). Proposals from the villagers can be submitted to the RT/RW, then it is discussed at a regular monthly meeting. The agreed-upon proposals are then brought to a village level meeting at- tended by representatives from the RT/RW, BPD, and village government. Table 6. Participatory Elements and Focused Discussion Participants in the Formulation of the Master Plan for the Tourist Train Station in Wirun Village. Focus Discussion Participants and Policy Makers Functions and Authority Academic elements: University The University collaborates with the tourism village, espe- cially in the mapping of the village potentials, in the devel- opment scheme of the fostered villages. In 2018-2020 the village government asked for cooperation with the Univer- sity to send thematic Student Community Service (SCS) students for up to three consecutive years (2017-2020) Industrial elements. PT KAI Persero PT KAI Persero plays an important role in determining the direction of policy and support in realizing the Wirun sta- tion stopping point as well as legal formal. The most impor- tant direction on technical issues and the mechanism of the permit process from land status and ownership status. Government elements Sukoharjo Regency government Wirun Village govern- ment Sukoharjo District Government has a role in formulating the basic framework for development in the Regional Spatial Plan (RT/RW). The Wirun Village Government plays a role in formulating the basic framework for rural development and is the document that reflects the entire development plan. Community elements Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) Their most important role is the creation of a tourism board with the involvement of the community in the program. Media elements Surat Kabar Solo Their most important role as a mass media is publishing news and information to the public about participatory plan- ning. Source: Researcher’s Analysis, 2020 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 94http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Figure 3.Village Regional Map and Tourist Train line. Source: Researcher’s Analysis, 2020 Participatory Approach. The participatory approach is based on pre-planned development planning made by the village, involving elements from universities, local government, com- munities, media, and industry (Panca He- lix). The University plays a role in mapping the potential and existing problems and as- sisting in community empowerment such as Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, that are included in the creative industry. Local and village governments play a role in facilitating the development of tourism facilities and infrastructure, such as road infrastructure to provide accessibility. The industrial elements are working together in supporting the participatory planning of the tourist train station master plan. The role of the community, although still low in terms of participation, is to maintain the tourism environment so that it remains comfortab- le and safe to visit, and to increase envi- ronmental conservation so that it remains sustainable. The role of the mass media is to promote tourist objects and publishing tourism village activities to a wider audien- ce so that the tourist village is increasingly known as the center of the creative industry. Regional Revitalization Approach The theoretical concept according to Alberts and Brinda (2005) stated that revi- talization is an effort to revitalize an area or part of an area that was once vital/alive, but which has undergone degradation. The revitalization approach must be able to re- cognize and take advantage of environmen- tal potential from several aspects including historical value, area significance, locati- on uniqueness, and the image of the area (Danisworo and Martokusumo, 2002). The participatory planning of the Wirun tourist train station is to restore the train station building that was lost due to the aging buil- ding materials. Figure 4. The concept of revitalizing the railway station area through participatory planning. Source: Researcher’s Analysis, 2020 Program Sustainability The sustainability of participatory planning and development of village po- tential is a sustainability program that is defined as the ability to maintain the fun- ction of the services that have been arran- ged in a program to continue functioning without any assistance from outside parties (Setyawan, Rahmi and Mitchell, 2000). Program sustainability is carried out con- tinuously by emphasizing the active role of the community. The following are the sus- tainability program activities as a location of the development program for the foste- red community in the form of creative in- E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 95http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Table 7. Participatory Plotting through Surveys and Wirun Station Data Compilation Location Point Location Data Requirements Tourist train station planning point Relatively flat land, land ownership belongs to the village treasury, stra- tegic location, passed by the Bathara Kresna Railway to Solo and Wono- giri. Station, ticketing room, waiting room, parking area, ticket room, ware- house, and generator Connecting lines in the form of roads and pedestrian paths. The land is relatively flat, the land is owned by the village treasury, stra- tegic location, vegetation paths as a guide 400 meters long con- necting line to the sta- tion area Parking Area Relatively flat land, the land is owned by the village, strategic loca- tion, capacity to park 4 wheels and 2 wheels vehicles. a parking area and village transportation intermodal Source: Data of the Existing Location, 2020 Table 8. Program sustainability Program Sustainability Sustained Pro- grams/sources of funding Program’s Sup- port Indicators of success and direct impact on the community Potential mapping in the village Planning and product development (tourist attractions/resources, facilities, infrastructure) District Govern- ment, District, University District Govern- ment, Village Government, Village Commu- nity, University The community makes programs Communication with PT KAI for participa- tory planning Planning and human resource development District Govern- ment Tourism Board, University Tourism Board Basic human re- source development training for access to the central govern- ment Organizational/insti- tutional planning and development District Govern- ment Tourism Board, University District village Government, University Formation of respon- sible administrations. Planning and develop- ing the Station Area environmental arrange- ments Public Works Service, Tourism Board, University Local Govern- ment Village Government, University Planning program documents and sup- porting activities. Planning and develop- ment of community roles and capacities Public Works Service, Tourism Board Local Govern- ment Village Government, University The formation of tourism awareness group administration E-Journal of Tourism Vol.8. No.1. (2021): 87-96 96http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 dustries such as gamelan craftsmen, puppet craftsmen, and other traditional arts. CONCLUSION Planning carried out in a partici- patory manner is planning that is carried out through a deliberative development planning mechanism at the sub-districts, district/city level, as well as at the pro- vincial level. Policies that are determined through a participatory process have high acceptability if implemented because all stakeholders are involved in every stage of planning policy formulation. Revitalization is an effort to revitali- ze an area or part of an area that was once vital/alive, but which has undergone degra- dation. The revitalization approach must be able to recognize and take advantage of en- vironmental potential from several aspects including historical value, area significan- ce, location uniqueness, and the image of the area.The existence of the creative in- dustry is part of something tourists must be able to see, something that tourists able to do, something that tourists able to buy so that the connection between destinations University Elements, Industrial Ele- ments, Government Elements, Community Elements, and Media Elements are impor- tant elements in mapping potential, identi- fying problems, and helping to solve prob- lems. AKNOWLEDGEMENT Ministry of Research and Techno- logy/National Research and Innovation Agency (RISTEK–BRIN). Master Program in Tourism Studies, Postgraduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada Directorate of Community Service, Yogyakarta. REFERENCES Alberts, H. C. and Brinda, M. R. (2005) ‘Changing approaches to historic preservation in Quedlinburg, Germa- ny’, Urban Affairs Review, 40(3), pp. 390–401. Azwar, S. (1988) Sikap manusia: teori dan pengukurunnya. Liberty. Bintarto, R. and Hadisumarno, S. (1991) Metode Analisis Geografi. Jakarta: LP3S. Carayannis, E. G. and Campbell, D. F. J. (2010) ‘Triple Helix, Quadruple He- lix and Quintuple Helix and how do knowledge, innovation and the en- vironment relate to each other?: a proposed framework for a trans-dis- ciplinary analysis of sustainable devel- opment and social ecology’, Interna- tional Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development (IJSESD), 1(1), pp. 41–69. Danisworo, M. and Martokusumo, W. (2002) ‘Revitalisasi kawasan kota se- buah catatan dalam pengembangan dan pemanfaatan kawasan kota’, Info URDI, 13. Oka, A. Y. (1996) ‘Pengantar ilmu pari- wisata’, Bandung: Angkasa. Setyawan, B., Rahmi, D. . and Mitchell, B. (2000) Pengelolaan Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan Hidup. Yogyakarta: Gad- jah Mada University Press.