E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 67 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Tourism Potential Evaluation and Strategy Formulation for Pine Forest of Gelagahlinggah: Experience from A Community Engagement Anom Hery Suasapha*, I Wayan Mertha, Ida Bagus Gede Agung Widana, Luh Yusni Wiarti, Ni Putu Oka Agustini, Lukia Zuraida, Diah Cynthia Putri Bali Tourism Polytechnic *Corresponding Author: anom_hs@ppb.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.24922/eot.v9i1.82250 Article Info Submitted: January 12th 2022 Accepted: March 8th 2022 Published: March 31st 2022 Abstract This article is written based on a research conducted as part of a series of community engagement done by Lecturers of Tourism Destination Pro- gram of Bali Tourism Polytechnic for the community of Gelagahlinggah Customary Village. The village is located at Kintamani of Bangli Re- gency, and is part of buffer zone for Batur UNESCO Global Geopark. The aim of the research was to evaluate the tourism potential of the pines forest of Gelagahlinggah, and to produce strategies to develop those po- tentials. The research implemented quantitative and qualitative approach, utilizing survey as the method for collecting primary data. To increase the validity of the data, the sample was determined purposively. There- fore, the respondents should understand the existing condition of the pines forest of Gelagahlinggah Village, and able to evaluate its tourism potentials. The questionnaire was developed on Google form to allows for practicality. A sample of 100 respondents were collected, based on which a dataset was then prepared for analysis. The analysis using Ex- ploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to extract factors in the form of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats indicating the tourism potentials of the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. The tourism potentials were then processed in a SWOT Matrix to develop strategies for those tourism potentials. The research result reveals some tourism potentials of the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah, and strategies suitable to develop those potentials. Keywords: tourism potentials; evaluative; pine forest; strategy. INTRODUCTION Background Gelagahlinggah is a customary vil- lage, located at Kintamani of Bangli Re- gency in Bali. Gelagahlinggah is one of buffer villages of the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark. Located on the mountains, in the middle of a pine forest, Gelagahlinggah possess a cool weather and a calm ambience resulted from the pine forest itself. The pine forest of Gela- gahlinggah are state own property under management of Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hu- tan (KPH) Bali Timur (Forest Management Unit of Eastern Bali) who has handed over http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 68 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 51 Hectare of the forest to be manage by a group of forest farmer (Kelompok Tani Hu- tan) from Gelagahlinggah Customary Vil- lage. The group has been trying to develop some tourist activities on the 51 Hectare land, requiring assistance from govern- ment, tourism academia and other stake- holders on the process. Gelagahlinggah has been a place for lecturers of Tourism Destination study pro- gram of Bali Tourism Institute to conduct one of its three obligation, the community engagement. Since 2018, not less than 5 community engagement programs had been conducted in the village, based on mutual understanding between the village and the lecturer themselves. The first en- gagement was done on June 2018, to in- crease awareness of the villagers on Sapta Pesona (The Seven Charms) and the Sadar Wisata (awareness as a host or as a local community of a tourist destination). The second engagement was done on October 2019. The aim of the second community engagement was to increase the capacity of the community of Gelagahlinggah Village in designing tourism product as well as to market the product on the internet through collaboration with OTA. The third engage- ment was done on June 2020. This engage- ment was special since it was done in the pandemic Covid-19 situation. Given that the aim of the third engagement was to pre- pare a legal aspect in the form of letter of cooperation agreement between stake- holder of Gelagahlinggah Pine Forest, the engagement was done in the form of dis- cussions in order for the agreement can be made and written. Due to the pandemic, those discussion was done online on Zoom platform. The result was a letter of cooper- ation agreement between Gelagahlinggah Customary Village and The Gelagahling- gah Lestari Forest Farmer Group, known by the KPH Bali Timur (Forest Manage- ment Unit of Eastern Bali) as the govern- ment body responsible for the management of the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. To follow-up with the result of the third community engagement, the fourth engagement was done on November 2020. With the legal aspect for the development of tourism activity in the forest have been secured, it was understood that tourism po- tentials evaluation needed to be conducted to prepare the basis for the planning of tourism development in the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. Moreover, in order for the development of tourism in the area to be acknowledge and supported by the local government who is responsible in develop- ing the tourism potentials in its region (ar- ticle 23, paragraph 1, letter c of Law num- ber 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism), those tourism potentials need to be evaluated first. Therefore, in order to evaluate the tourism potential of the pine forest, the fourth community engagement of lecturers of Tourism Destination Study Program was done in the form of applied research, which is another obligation of university besides the teaching (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 2000) and the community en- gagement itself (Goddard & Kempton, 2016; Calzada & Cowie, 2017). Through this research, it was hoped that 2 out of the three obligations of the university can be pulfilled. Evaluation of tourism potentials is an important step in the decision to in- vest in tourism (Mamun & Mitra, 2012; Hoang et al, 2018; Puška, Stojanović, & Maksimović, 2019; Sestras, et al., 2020; Puška, et al., 2021), as well as in the plan- ning of tourism (Yan, Gao, & Zhang, 2017). The process will also provide a hindsight on the prospect of tourism devel- opment in an area (Hoang et al, 2018). Other than the objectives mentioned ear- lier, research for the community engage- ment conducted for the community of Gel- agahlinggah Customary Village was also intended to provide a basis for strategy for- mulation based on the result of the tourism potentials evaluation process. Therefore, the research was combining tourism poten- tials evaluation with strategy formulation. http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 69 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Result of the fourth engagement was then served as the basis for the fifth com- munity engagement conducted by lecturer of Tourism Destination of Bali Tourism Polytechnic for the community of Gela- gahlinggah Customary Village. The fifth engagement was done on June 2021. The aim of the fifth engagement was to advo- cate the bottom-up initiative of the commu- nity for their potential tourist attraction to be lagalized as one of tourist attraction un- der the government of Bangli Regency. This article is written to share some of the experience that was gained from do- ing those 5 community engagements, espe- cially the applied research of which result has been the basis for legalization of the status of Gelagahlinggah Pine Forest as one of tourist attaction in Bangli Regency. With the background of the research had been presented, the later part of this article will discuss the methodology, the result and the discussion as well as suggestion that can be made based on the research. By doing so, this article also provide alterna- tive methodology that can be use to evalu- ate tourism potential. RESEARCH METHODS Once the research design has been fixed, instrument for collecting data was developed. Since the aim of the research was to evaluate the tourism potentials of pine forest at Gelagahlinggah Village, it was agreed that the variable from which the statements of the questionnaire will be derived, should incorporate variables that enable the identification of the tourism po- tential, from the point of their strengths and weaknesses (internal variable), as well as opportunities and threats (external varia- ble). Therefore, the variables for this re- search consisted of the components of tour- ism destination, such as attraction, access, amenities and tourism organization (Bur- kart, 1976; Cooper, 2016; Fletcher et al, 2018). The variables also taken into account results of preliminary survey and discussion notes collected from previous community engagements, such as the phys- ical characteristics of the forest, the stake- holders of the forest, and the potential tour- ism activity that can be perform in the for- est, as well as the conservation role of the forest. Those variables served as the basis for the statements that made up the ques- tionnaire. Since the questionnaire aimed to collect data in the form of perception of the respondents toward tourism potentials of the pines forest of Gelagahlinggah Village, the statements are constructed to specifi- cally measured the strengths and weak- nesses, as well as the opportunities and threats of those variables mentioned above. Therefore, the questionnaire consisted of two groups of statement. The first group is the internal statements, consist of items in- tended to measure strengths and weak- nesses of the variables. The second is the external statements, consist of items con- structed to measure the opportunities and the threats of development of tourism in the pines forest of Gelagahlinggah. There were 30 internal items and 28 external items. The questionnaire using 5 point Lik- ert Scale based on Rensis Likert (Likert, 1932), with the scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5), with a middle point (3) corresponds to neutral po- sition (undecided) to allow for the respond- ent to respond the questionnaire correctly should for some reason they can’t respond the statement on the questionnaire. Before being used, the questionnaire was item an- alyzed to test its validity and reliability (Lester, Inman, & Bishop, 2014; Hair, Black, Babin, & Anderson, 2014; Field, 2017). The sample for the research derived from population of students of Bali Tour- ism Polytechnic, majoring tourism destina- tion and tourism management. Since the respondents were asked to provide their perception toward tourism potentials of http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 70 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 pine forest of Gelagahlinggah Village, they should be those who already known the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. Thus, only students who had been visited the pines forest that were chosen as the respondent. The decision to select the population from the students of tourism destination and tourism management itself based on a con- sideration that the students from those study programs has the knowledge and ca- pacity to evaluate tourism potentials since they had been studying it for a while and practicing it during their practicum. A sam- ple of 100 respondents were collected for further analysis based on Hair, Black, Ba- bin, & Anderson (2014). The analysis combining quantitative and qualitative approach performed in a se- quence consisted of 2 phases. The first phase was to extract the strengths, weak- nesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to the data collected from the sam- ple of 100 respondents. The second phase was strategy formulation based on match- ing process of strategy formulation sug- gested by David (2011). The material for the strategy formulated through SWOT Matrix was the strengths, weaknesses, op- portunities and threats resulted from the first phase of analysis. All of the quantita- tive procedure from validity and reliability test to the EFA was done on SPSS version 26. RESULT AND DISCUSSION EFA for internal variable EFA for the research was done for both internal and external variable. For the internal variable, THE EFA was used to extract factors from 30 statement/item. The expected result was factors that indicates tourism potentials of the pine forest of Gel- agahlinggah in the form of their strengths as well as the weakness. Kaizer, Mayer Ol- kin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) for the internal variable are as shown in the Table 1 and Table 2 be- low. Table 1. KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .873 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi- Square 2202.909 df 406 Sig. .000 Table 2. Anti-Image Correlation Matrice Item MSA Item MSA Item MSA I1 .916a I12 .886a I22 .863a I2 .699a I13 .921a I23 .922a I4 .896a I14 .880a I24 .701a I5 .908a I15 .885a I25 .690a I6 .921a I16 .739a I26 .888a I7 .765a I17 .868a I27 .872a I8 .749a I18 .651a I28 .902a I9 .915a I19 .874a I29 .891a I10 .907a I20 .882a I30 .538a I11 .938a I21 .859a Both the SPSS output of MSA above are the result of the second EFA procedure run for the internal variable. It was due to existence of an item (I3) with individual MSA below 0,50 as the minimum value that the EFA needed to be re-run. After re- moving the item that was not suitable for further analysis, the MSA shows that both overall and individually the sample has been adequate to proceed with the analysis. Overal MSA shows a value of 0,873, called “meritorious” showing a good indication of sampling adequacy (Hair, Black, Babin, & Anderson, 2014). The individual MSA as shown on table 2 (the bold typed num- bers) are also showing sign of good sam- pling adequacy, since none of them are be- low 0,50 as the minimum value to be deemed adequate to be proceed with the analysis. Since the sample has been adequate, the next step is to interpret the factor http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 71 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 extracted from the items. Table 3 shows that there are 6 factors can be extracted from 29 items that were being analyzed. The rotations sums of squared loading show that the 6 extracted factors represent 71,154 % from the total variation in the data. Table 3. Total Variance Explained Co mp. Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings To- tal % of Vari- ance Cu- mula- tive % To- tal % of Vari- ance Cu- mu- lative % To- tal % of Vari- ance Cu- mu- lative % 1 11. 809 40.720 40.72 0 11.8 09 40.720 40.7 20 6.0 32 20.799 20.7 99 2 2.6 59 9.170 49.89 0 2.65 9 9.170 49.8 90 4.3 99 15.168 35.9 67 3 2.1 71 7.488 57.37 8 2.17 1 7.488 57.3 78 4.0 53 13.975 49.9 42 4 1.5 55 5.364 62.74 2 1.55 5 5.364 62.7 42 2.4 67 8.506 58.4 48 5 1.2 62 4.351 67.09 3 1.26 2 4.351 67.0 93 2.3 60 8.138 66.5 86 6 1.1 78 4.062 71.15 4 1.17 8 4.062 71.1 54 1.3 25 4.569 71.1 54 7 to 28 0.0 77 0.266 99.791 29 0.0 61 0.209 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Using varimax method, 29 items that constructed the 6 factors were then rotated. Tabel 4 shows the result of the ro- tation, from which the exact item that con- structed each factor can be observe. Table 4. Rotated Component Matrix Item Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 I10 0.836 0.127 0.198 -0.062 0.044 0.027 I9 0.829 0.077 0.204 -0.009 0.170 -0.072 I13 0.809 0.288 0.248 -0.136 0.070 0.048 I11 0.679 0.335 0.303 -0.181 0.070 0.000 I12 0.675 0.169 0.369 -0.089 -0.012 0.088 I5 0.645 0.444 0.112 -0.083 0.067 0.267 I6 0.639 0.393 0.227 0.111 0.065 -0.059 I4 0.628 0.452 0.147 -0.194 -0.019 0.255 I1 0.529 0.503 0.088 -0.203 0.314 0.177 I29 0.131 0.758 0.075 -0.082 0.046 0.066 I28 0.222 0.712 0.201 -0.070 0.135 -0.188 I17 0.228 0.705 0.236 0.048 0.064 -0.003 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 72 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 I14 0.495 0.601 0.181 0.135 -0.080 0.014 I15 0.525 0.594 0.153 0.140 -0.107 -0.037 I27 0.258 0.592 0.295 -0.124 0.157 0.277 I26 0.294 0.505 0.368 -0.236 0.240 0.035 I20 0.384 0.173 0.816 -0.117 0.071 -0.045 I21 0.186 0.303 0.808 -0.070 0.219 0.043 I22 0.272 0.271 0.776 -0.050 0.175 0.121 I19 0.404 0.172 0.756 -0.079 0.096 -0.018 I23 0.466 0.340 0.545 -0.046 0.209 0.051 I7 -0.213 -0.029 -0.184 0.797 -0.064 0.032 I8 -0.224 -0.181 -0.177 0.779 -0.121 0.163 I16 0.127 -0.086 0.236 0.665 0.137 -0.028 I30 -0.003 0.185 -0.227 0.567 0.325 -0.061 I25 0.045 0.087 0.219 0.047 0.916 -0.004 I24 0.127 0.084 0.182 0.073 0.908 -0.025 I2 0.133 0.085 0.181 0.231 0.065 0.796 I18 0.026 0.089 0.367 0.294 0.374 -0.574 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.a a. Rotation converged in 7 iterations. Based on Hair Jr et al (2014), for a sample size of 100, only item with loading factor more than 0,55 that are considered as a constructor of a factor. Therefore, ta- ble 4 shows that there are 8 items that con- structed the first factor. Those items are I10, I9, I13, I11, I12, I5, I6, I4. The second factor are constructed by 6 items (I29, I28, I17, I14, I15, I27). The third factor con- structed by 5 items (I20, I21, I22, I19, I23). The fourth factor constructed by 4 items (I7, I8, I16, I30), while the fifth and the sixth factor are each constructed by 2 items, I25, I24 and I2, I18 respectively. The table also shows that there are 2 items (I1 and I26) that is not corresponded to any extracted factors. With all items that constructed each factor has been known, a name can be prepared for each factor. Based on the theme of each item, the name for each factor extracted from the EFA on 29 items of 100 samples are as follow: 1. Tracking is the most suitable activity that will maximize the experience of visitor in enjoying landscape, pano- rama and cool weather of the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. 2. Outbond, glamping and camping are also suitable to develop at Pine For- est of Gelagahlinggah due to its veg- etation, cool weather, panorama and landscape. 3. The landscape and temperature of the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah suitable for wellness activity such as yoga and meditation. 4. The flora, fauna and the slope of pine forest of Gelagahlinggah are its obstacles in developing tourism ac- tivities. 5. The slope of Pine Forest of Gela- gahlinggah is its obstacle to develop yoga and meditation. 6. The flora and fauna of Pine Forest of Gelagahlinggah are its uniqueness. Content of the factors shows that the first, second, third and sixth factor are the strengths of the pine forest of http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 73 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Gelagahlinggah, while the fourth and the fifth are its weaknesses. Result of analysis shows that trek- king is considered the strongest strength of pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. It is also the most suitable activity that can be develop at the forest since for many, trekking is a great leisure activity that can be taken by visitor (Leister, 2019), that will allows them to appreciate the geodiversity, the landscape as well as the weather condition of the place they are enjoying (Rozycki & Dryglas, 2014). Trekking can be done on different location such as mountain, desert, tropical area, glacial, polar, river, swamps and volcano (Rozycki & Dryglas, 2014). Trekking on the pine forest of Gelagahling- gah offer a great opportunity for the visitor to enjoy the cool weather, the fresh air, beautiful mountain landscape and pano- rama of the place while also presenting themselves with opportunity to learn about the place through the help of trekking guide (Poudel & Nyaupane, 2016), should the trekking emphasize education in it. Given the greenness of the pine forest and given that trekking is a form of physical ex- ercise, their combination will resulted in good mental and physical health of those who are engaged in the activity (Pretty, 2004). The same goes with camping, glamping and outbond. Even though the physical aspect of camping and glamping are less than outbond, the greenery sur- rounding location of the activity will bene- fit mental health of visitor engaged in those activity, since the green surrounding will benefit mental and physical health (Pretty, 2004; Budiasa, Suparta, & Nurjaya, 2019). Camping, glamping and outbond at Gela- gahlinggah Pine Forest can be combined with trekking to optimize its positive bene- fit, as well as to lengthen the stay of visitor. Yoga and meditation carried out on the for- est are also have great benefit on physical health (Mathias et al, 2020) because of re- laxation effect resulted from both activities (Ohe et al, 2017). Unlike other tourism ac- tivities that more associated with short term of joy and happiness, yoga and medi- tation can lead to a longer joy and happi- ness (Dillette, Douglas, & Andrzejewski, 2018), and also to transform the practi- tioner’s mind, body and soul into a real- ized, harmonized and perfected being (Sharma, 2020). Unfortunately, this is quite difficult to be offer at Gelagahlinggah pine forest due to its location on the moun- tain making it difficult to have a plain area where visitor can seat and relax in a mind- fulness activity or doing certain yoga pose or stretching. Should this weakness to be overcome, there are modification need to be done on the landscape to provide the suitable ground for both activities. Should the conservation role of the pine forest pre- venting for modification on the forest land, still the landscape, the clean and fresh air, the weather, and the pine tree offer great potential for “forest bath” that has received more attention since the pandemic Covid- 19 spread all over the world (Farkic, Isailovic, & Taylor, 2021). With trekking being the strongest strength possesses by the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah, it can be differentiated or even modified as a forest walk activity or forest bath that will also benefit mental and physical health of the visitors (Joung, et al., 2020). EFA for external variable EFA for external variable conducted to extract factor that represent the oppor- tunity and threat of tourism development of pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. The process was similar with the one conducted for in- ternal variable. The sample are 100 re- spondent and the number of items is 28. Unlike the EFA conducted for the internal variable that needed to be re- peated, the EFA for external variable did not need to be repeated. The KMO-MSA and all individual MSA are above mini- mum requirement, with the first shows a “meritorious” value (KMO-MSA = 0,839), http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 74 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 while the latter are all above 0,50, as shown on table 5 and Table 6. Therefore, the sam- ple for external variable are adequate to proceed with further analysis with EFA. Table 5. KMO and Bartlett’ Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .839 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi- Square 1974.742 df 378 Sig. .000 Table 6. Anti-Image Correlation – Meas- ure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) Item MSA Item MSA Item MSA E1 .871a E11 .576a E20 .871a E2 .887a E12 .528a E21 .859a E3 .585a E13 .751a E22 .842a E4 .554a E14 .877a E23 .913a E5 .912a E15 .887a E24 .838a E6 .878a E16 .890a E25 .806a E7 .844a E17 .939a E26 .790a E8 .603a E18 .901a E27 .783a E9 .874a E19 .885a E28 .673a E10 .748a a. Measures of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) Rotation on 28 items with PCA, with eigenvalue set to the value of 1 or greater as shown on Table 7 indicates that the items were grouped into 7 factors that rep- resent 74% of the total variance that can be explained by those 7 factors. This can be further explained by the output of Rotated component matrix. Table 7. Total Variance Explained Comp Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Load- ings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Vari- ance Cumula- tive % Total % of Vari- ance Cumu- lative % Total % of Variance Cumu- lative % 1 9.908 35.386 35.386 9.908 35.386 35.386 7.042 25.148 25.148 2 2.821 10.076 45.462 2.821 10.076 45.462 2.682 9.580 34.728 3 2.343 8.367 53.829 2.343 8.367 53.829 2.565 9.162 43.890 4 1.769 6.319 60.148 1.769 6.319 60.148 2.326 8.309 52.198 5 1.505 5.377 65.524 1.505 5.377 65.524 2.299 8.210 60.408 6 1.288 4.599 70.124 1.288 4.599 70.124 2.029 7.247 67.655 7 1.092 3.901 74.025 1.092 3.901 74.025 1.783 6.370 74.025 27 0.079 0.282 99.783 28 0.061 0.217 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Using varimax rotation method, the items were rotated to see the composition of items that constructed each of the 7 factors shown on table 7. The result are as follows: http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 75 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Table 8. Rotated Component Matrix Item Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 E16 0.894 0.025 0.034 0.253 0.015 -0.058 0.081 E15 0.858 0.103 0.077 0.168 0.075 -0.009 0.068 E19 0.851 0.070 0.071 0.142 0.067 0.156 0.095 E20 0.835 0.039 0.062 0.228 0.021 0.082 0.162 E14 0.779 0.113 0.057 0.155 0.197 -0.067 0.063 E18 0.757 0.000 0.270 0.267 -0.166 0.042 -0.071 E17 0.704 0.077 0.364 0.084 -0.155 0.112 -0.074 E23 0.691 0.188 0.248 0.035 0.054 0.209 0.238 E5 0.548 0.364 -0.075 0.205 -0.068 0.257 0.120 E26 0.254 0.870 0.055 -0.011 0.071 0.033 0.108 E27 0.182 0.841 0.185 0.025 0.053 0.166 0.014 E28 -0.176 0.736 0.228 0.279 -0.065 0.028 -0.109 E10 -0.214 0.153 0.678 0.303 0.150 0.144 0.027 E22 0.394 0.086 0.633 0.112 -0.078 0.402 0.218 E24 0.369 0.331 0.611 0.077 0.209 -0.215 0.026 E21 0.445 0.027 0.611 0.085 -0.074 0.140 0.225 E25 0.318 0.363 0.593 0.174 0.182 -0.189 -0.096 E9 0.374 0.057 0.127 0.785 0.073 -0.044 0.161 E2 0.400 0.080 0.133 0.684 -0.124 0.052 0.009 E1 0.332 0.152 0.289 0.641 -0.103 0.076 0.150 E12 0.022 0.015 0.030 -0.020 0.914 0.031 -0.091 E11 -0.073 0.041 0.101 -0.027 0.905 0.115 -0.141 E13 0.483 0.028 0.057 -0.085 0.550 0.046 0.333 E3 0.030 0.101 0.139 0.053 0.035 0.884 0.113 E4 0.180 0.074 -0.035 0.008 0.157 0.802 -0.254 E8 -0.008 0.179 0.007 0.001 0.194 0.238 -0.735 E6 0.297 0.249 0.237 0.322 -0.052 0.149 0.606 E7 0.308 0.229 0.122 0.425 0.113 0.151 0.589 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.a a. Rotation converged in 7 iterations. Table 8 shows items that constructed each of the 7 factors extracted from the ex- ternal variable of tourism development in the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. There are 8 items that constructed the first factor, 5 items that constructed the third factor, and 2 items that constructed the sixth factor, while the rest are constructed each by 3 items. Items that constructed the first items are E16, E15, E19, E20, E14, E18, E17, E23 and E5. The second factor con- structed by E26, E27 and E28. The third factor constructed by E10, E22, E24, E21 and E25. The fourth factor constructed by http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 76 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 E9, E2 and E1. Item E12, E11 and E13 constructed the fifth factor. Item E3 and E4 constructed by E3 and E4, while items E8, E6 and E7 constructed the seventh factor. With the composition of item con- structed each factor has been known, a name for those factors can then be pre- pared. The name of those factor are as fol- lows: 1. There are stakeholders who are availa- ble to help in conserving and develop- ing tourism potentials of pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. 2. Electricity and internet are available in- side the pine forest. 3. Fresh-water supply are available and can be piped into the pine forest. 4. The attraction available at the pine for- est will attract domestic and foreign visitor. 5. Conservation role of the forest will hold back the development of tourism in the forest 6. There are similar attractions available near the pine forest of Gelagahlinggah. 7. The road to get to the pine forest of Gel- agahlinggah is quite dangerous. The 7 factors that has been named above are the opportunities and the threats of tourism development of Gelagahlinggah pine forest. There are 4 opportunity out of the 7 factors, while the rest are considered the threats. The opportunities are the first to the fourth factors, while the fifth to the seventh factor are the threats. Stakeholders are very important for development of tourism as their opinion can influence the vision of the develop- ment as well as the strategy to achieve that vision (Duglio, et al., 2019). It is very im- portant to always consult the stakeholder since it will ensure the goal of tourism de- velopment to be achieved (Hardya & Pear- son, 2017; Manaf et al, 2018) There are dif- ferent concepts of stakeholder, ranging from the triple-helix, the quadruple-helix and the penta-helix. The government, the industry and the academia are those made up the triple-helix (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 2000). To those three party, civil participant was added, and the four of them were then called the quadruple-helix (Goddard & Kempton, 2016). Four (4) out of 5 of the penta-helix are the same with those which made up the quadruple-helix, with the addition of social entrepreneur/ac- tivist/bricoleurs/assemblers as its fifth party (Calzada & Cowie, 2017; Calzada, 2020). Experience from previous commu- nity engagement shows that stakeholder of tourism development at Gelagahlinggah Pine Forest consist of the local community, the government, KPH Bali Timur (Forest Management Unit of Eastern Bali) and the academia. As tourism academia who con- ducted the community engagement, we have been trying to place all of those stake- holders at the same position. Even so, the difference in power between those stake- holder (Saito & Ruhanen, 2017) are always visible. The community with their bottom- up initiative to develop their tourism poten- tials will always have to secure agreement from KPH Bali Timur for every plan they have for the pine forest. The community will always try to seek guidance from the academia on how to best develop the tour- ism potentials. Those condition shows the difference in power of the stakeholder, making collaboration between those stake- holders as the very fundamental for the successful of the tourism development at Gelagahlinggah Pine Forest. As the facilitator, government has provided road, electricity, water supply and the internet to be available at the vil- lage and also in the forest of Gelagahling- gah. This is important since availability of those infrastructure are important to accel- erate tourism facility development (Wijaya & Damanik, 2020; Vindiana, Novani, Ma- yangsari, & Alamanda, 2020). The very supportive KPH Bali Timur was also http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 77 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 playing a very important role in making sure that the bottom-up initiative from the local community of Gelagahlinggah Cus- tomary Village will always be supported as long as it does not violate the conservation role of the forest. Series of community engagement, research and involving students in both processes conducted by academia present- ing opportunity for the development of tourism at Gelagahlinggah Pine Forest. On the other hand, those activities will provide opportunity for academia to play its role in sharing knowledge (Arraiza, et al., 2018) and co-creation (Rinaldi, Cavicchi, & Rob- inson, 2020) of tourism destination on a long-term collaboration, showing an evo- lution of stakeholder collaboration (Rinaldi, Cavicchi, & Robinson, 2020), while providing themselves with source of matherial for teaching, case study and also future research. Support from all those stakeholder are very important to overcome threats possesses by the forest in developing tour- ism. By expanding the collaboration with another stakeholder such as the private sec- tor, there is a good chance that the collabo- ration will come up with an idea on how to develop a competitive advantage to make Gelagahlinggah Pine Forest stand out among the similar attractions. Strategy Formulation Having extracted the strength, weak- ness, opportunity and strength (SWOT) in- dicating the tourism potentials of tourism development for pine forest of Gela- gahlinggah, the first phase of analysis has been finished. The next phase is matching those strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the SWOT Matrix to produce strategies suitable to develop those tourism potentials. The SWOT Matrix are as fol- lows: Table 9. SWOT Matrix of Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats from The Re- sult of The First Phase of Analysis INTERNAL EXTERNAL Strength: 1. Tracking is the most suitable activity that will maximize the experience of visitor in enjoying landscape, panorama and cool weather of the Pine Forest of Gelagahlinggah. 2. Outbond, glamping and camping are also suitable to develop at Pine Forest of Gelagahlinggah due to its vegetation, cool weather, panorama and landscape. 3. The landscape and temperature of the Pine Forest of Gelagahlinggah suitable for wellness activity such as yoga and meditation. 4. The flora and fauna of Pine Forest of Gelagahlinggah are its uniqueness. Weakness: 1. The flora, fauna and the slope of Pine Forest of Gelagahlinggah are its ob- stacles in developing tour- ism activities. 2. The slope of Pine Forest of Gelagahlinggah is its obstacle to develop yoga and meditation. Opportunity: 1. There are stakeholders who are available to help in conserving and devel- oping tourism potentials of Pine Forest of Gela- gahlinggah. S-O Strategy 1. Prepare tracking treks that integrate conservation and education on the pine tree and the forest. (S1, O1) 2. Determine location and prepare area for outbond, camping and glamping with supervision from the KPH Bali Timur. (S2, O1, O2, O3). W-O Strategy 1. Select the best possible location to minimize dan- ger brought by the flora and fauna with supervi- sion from KPH Bali Ti- mur (W1, O1). http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 78 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 2. Electricity and internet are available inside the pine forest. 3. Fresh-water supply are available and can be piped into the pine forest. 4. The attraction available at the pine forest will at- tract domestic and for- eign visitor. 3. Prepare products on camping and glamping with supervision from stakeholders. (S2, O1, O2, O3). 4. Prepare area for Yoga and Meditation with supervision from KPH Bali Ti- mur (S3, O1, O2, O3) 5. Prepare interpretation on the role and benefit of pine tree with supervision from academia. (S4, O1) 2. Select the best possible location, suitable for yoga and meditation practice, with supervi- sion from the stakehold- ers. (W2, O1, O2, O3). Threat: 1. Conservation role of the forest will hold back the development of tourism in the forest 2. There are similar attrac- tions available near the pine forest. 3. The road to get to the Pine Forest of Gela- gahlinggah is quite dan- gerous S-T Strategy 1. Focusing the product on responsible tourism activity that combining tour- ism with education and conservation as its core (S1, S2, S3, T1). 2. Developing Pine Forest of Gela- gahlinggah as solely a sustainable tourist attraction which will focus more on quality (S1, S2, S3, T2, T3) W-T Strategy 1. Prepare only products that in line with the con- servation role of the pine forest on the location permitted by the KPH Bali Timur. (W1, W2, T1) Based on the SWOT Matrix above, the research was able to produce 4 sets of strategies to develop tourism at Gela- gahlinggah Pine Forest. Those strategies have been presented before the community of Gelagahlinggah Customary Village and KPH Bali Timur on a presentation session held on November 2nd, 2020. The aim of the session was to gain other perspective on the strategies that have been produced based on the strengths, weaknesses, oppor- tunities and threats. The session was pro- ductive where suggestions and additional informations was yielded to added to the research result. The session was also con- firmed that the community of Gelagahling- gah Customary Village will focus on the S- O Strategy, especially the first strategy that require them on focusing to prepare a bet- ter tracking treks with emphasize on edu- cation of importance of pine forest conser- vation as well as the ecological, health and economical role of the pine tree, under su- pervision from the KPH Bali Timur. Will- ingness of the authority, especially KPH Bali Timur in allowing the community of Gelagahlinggah Custormary Village to de- velop trekking tourism in the forest is showing a paradigm shift from top-down to bottom-up approach (Islam, Ruhanen, & Ritchie, 2017). This shift will lead to em- powerment and better life satisfaction of local people (Pujiastuti, 2019; Abdillah, Leewellyn, & Yadisaputra, 2020) of Gela- gahlinggah Customary Village. This is im- portant because empowering local commu- nity and ensuring their wellbeing can be the difference in achieving sustainability through community-based tourism (Piar- trini, 2018), as well as in achieving a better destination governance and better conser- vation of the forest. CONCLUSION The research result shows that there are 4 strengths and 2 weaknesses of tour- ism development at Gelagahlinggah Pine Forest. The result also shows that there are 4 opportunities and 3 threats indicating the tourism potentials of Gelagahlinggah Pine http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.1. (2022): 67-82 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 79 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Forest. SWOT Matrix of those strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was able to produce 4 sets of strategies. S-O strategies are the set of strategy that had been chosen to be implemented for the development of tourism in the area. The selection of the S-O strategies was based on assumption that these strategies are those that will maximize the possibility of success, since it relied on the strengths, to take the opportunities available for devel- oping tourism at the pine forest of Gela- gahlinggah. The stakeholder had chosen S- O strategy number 1 (Prepare tracking treks that integrate conservation and edu- cation on the pine three and the forest) as the strategy that will be implement first, due to its implementation that will not re- quire a strong financial capacity, some- thing that still lacking for developing tour- ism at Gelagahlinggah Pine Forest. The choosing of the first strategy of the S-O strategy was something of a mutual agreement between stakeholders. Even though this was done with careful consid- eration, still this is the limitation of the re- search. To better select the strategy, it is better to conduct another research to prior- itize those S-O strategies based on its per- formance on selected strategy criteria. Therefore, this article recommended to conduct the next research in prioritizing the strategy for developing tourism in Gela- gahlinggah Pine Forest. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Gratitude and appreciation for the community of Gelagahlinggah Customary Village especially for their leader and el- der, Mr. Jro Bandesa I Wayan Sumadi and the head of Gelagahlinggah Lestari Forest Farmer Group, Mr. I Nyoman Sumarta, for letting us doing our community engage- ment at Gelagahlinggah Customary Vil- lage. Gratitude and appreciation are also extended for The Head of KPH Bali Timur, Mr. Ir. I Made Warta, M.MA, The Head of Bangli Tourism Office, Mr. Drs. Wayan Adnyana, Section Head of Tourism Industry of Bangli Tourism Office, Mr. I Gede Putu Budiastawa, S.ST.Par., M.Par, as their contribution are important in the development of tourism in the Gela- gahlinggah Village. Also, to Mr. I Wayan Gobang Edy Sucipta, S.IP., M.M, Vise Di- rector of Tourism Management Body for Batur UNESCO Global Geopark (BPP- BUGG) for his role in connected us with the Gelagahlinggah Customary Village. To fellow lecturers and staff of Tourism Des- tination Program, as well as students of Tourism Destination and Tourism Man- agement Program of Bali Tourism Poly- technic, thank you for your kind support for each of our community engagement. Gratitude for the Director of Bali Tourism Polytechnic as for his support that we are motivated to write and to try to publish our research result through journals and con- ferences. REFERENCES Abdillah, F., Leewellyn, V., & Yadisaputra, M. (2020). Local Community Life Satisfaction at Early Stage Tourist Destination. 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