E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 196 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Implementation of Conservation Tourism in Supporting The Protection of The Essential Turtle Ecosystem Area at Taman Kili - Kili Beach Wonocoyo, Panggul Herlina Suksmawati, Leily Suci Rahmatin*, Praja Firdaus Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: leily.suci.par@upnjatim.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.24922/eot.v9i2.91384 Article Info Submitted: August 27th 2022 Accepted: September 20th 2022 Published: September 30th 2022 Abstract Conservation tourism was developed as an alternative to large-scale tour- ism activities that operate in nature without paying attention to ecological sustainability through natural resources. Conservation management in tourism is a form of concern for the damage to the life of natural resource ecosystems, both caused by human activities and global climate change. Analyzing the relevance of establishing the Taman Kili - Kili Coastal Turtle Ecosystem Reserve as a tourist destination, while prioritizing nat- ural ecosystems and providing benefits for the livelihoods of the local community. The approach in this research is a descriptive qualitative method, describing the results of the study and relating each research data found. The data instrument used involved observation and in-depth inter- views with the Kili - Kili beach turtle conservation local community. Conservation tourism activities at Kili – Kili Beach prioritize educating visitors regarding turtle habitats and ecosystems, besides that the purpose of conservation tourism on the Kili – Kili coast is as one of the limited uses of natural resources and natural resources owned without having to exploit turtles. Conservation tourism is carried out in accordance with the provisions in the management of conservation areas and also essential ecosystem areas, while still paying attention to the socio-cultural envi- ronment of the surrounding community so that the purpose of the function of utilizing the essential turtle ecosystem area can also be felt by the sur- rounding community. Keywords: conservation tourism; turtle essential ecosystem areas. INTRODUCTION Background Conservation tourism in general is a tourism activity by utilizing the concept of conservation, tourism is used as a commer- cial activity with conservation tools as a form of ecosystem preservation (Buckley, 2010). Conservation tourism was developed as an alternative form of mass tourism activities, with activities in nature without paying attention to the sustainabil- ity of natural resource ecosystems. In the development of conservation tourism as the beginning of the development of eco- tourism, but with activities that focus on activities that interact with nature, reduce the impact on natural ecosystems and http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 197 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 activities with the contribution of local communities (Weaver and Lawton, 2007). In Indonesia, conservation tourism has be- gun to develop as one of the concepts of sustainable tourism in Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning the conservation of living natu- ral resources and their ecosystems. im- prove the quality of diversity and its value. Conservation management in tourism is a form of concern for the destruction of nat- ural resource ecosystems, both caused by human activities and global climate change. Conservation areas in Indonesia are divided into several conservation areas, National Parks, Grand Forest Parks and Nature Tourism Parks, including water ar- eas, both coastal areas and underwater eco- systems. Utilization and determination of conservation areas, especially for limited activities in the form of tourism, is im- portant so that the survival of the ecosys- tem is maintained, tourism development is controlled with the provisions of activities in conservation areas, it can also provide benefits for the surrounding buffer areas, especially economic movements and the socio-cultural life of the community. The diversity of regional and biological charac- teristics owned by Indonesia is also the car- rying capacity of the limited use of conser- vation areas as a resource and the unique- ness of conservation tourism in Indonesia. The total area of land and waters of Indo- nesia is 8.300,000 km². With tens of thou- sands of islands, Indonesia's coastline is about 108,000 km which is equivalent to two and a half times the circumference of the earth at the equator. This fact explains that Indonesia's waters and coastal areas are very wide, so that the wealth of aquatic ecosystems, especially the sea, is important to be maintained, especially the protection of marine habitats. One of the regions of Indonesia that also has a coastline with a conservation area, namely Panggul Dis- trict, is located in Trenggalek Regency. The Panggul administrative area is divided into several villages, Wonocoyo Village is an area with a conservation area that has been stipulated in Wonocoyo Vil- lage Regulation Number 3 of 2014 con- cerning Turtle Conservation Areas. The coastline of Wonocoyo Village is a nesting area for several types of turtles, the hunting of turtles and turtle eggs en masse is the impetus for the village government and lo- cal communities to maintain the turtle pop- ulation. The determination of conservation areas has a direct impact on reducing turtle hunting, besides that the Wonocoyo Vil- lage area which is also a Regional Tourism Destination will directly limit the aspects of tourist visits and mass tourism develop- ment, so that conservation tourism or con- servation tourism attraction becomes an al- ternative activity in the hope of providing impact on the social life of the community and also contribute to the sustainability of the ecosystem. This research is important to analyze the suitability of determining the conserva- tion area as a tourist destination on one of the beaches of Wonocoyo Village, which is now a conservation tourism attraction, namely Taman Kili - Kili Beach. The de- termination of conservation tourism is a combination of two activities that require important attention, tourism as an activity that prioritizes pleasure which is often as- sociated with comfort with the carrying ca- pacity of adequate infrastructure. While conservation is a form of management at- tention in maintaining the ecosystem as best as possible, without changing or add- ing infrastructure that will interfere with the function of the area. So that the analysis of the implementation of conservation tourism becomes the main aspect of tour- ism in Taman Kili - Kili Beach as a turtle conservation area, while prioritizing natu- ral ecosystems and still being able to pro- vide benefits to the lives of local commu- nities. http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 198 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 LITERATURE REVIEW Tourist Attractions Everything that has uniqueness, beauty, and value in the form of diversity of natural, cultural, and man-made wealth which is the target or purpose of the visit. traveler. Tourist attractions are also di- vided into three groups, namely: 1. Objects that are available and contained in the universe, with the term natural amenity. 2. The result of human creation, man- made supply. 3. The way of life of the community, the way of life, the traditional way of life of a society (Yoeti, 1996). Tourist Attractions in this study are intended to be able to analyze the types of tourist attractions at Taman Kili - Kili Beach, thus tourism activities and attrac- tions in the area become opportunities for the rise of natural tourism while still at- taching importance to the characteristics of the area. Conservation Tourism Tourism Law Number 10 of 2009 in general provisions conceptualizes tourism as vari- ous kinds of tourism activities and is sup- ported by various facilities and services provided by the community, businessmen, the Government, and Local Governments. Tourism according to UNWTO tourism re- fers to the activities of visitors in tourism destinations. Tourism is a phenomenon whose statistical representation has certain challenges due to its special nature. Most tourism indicators are traditionally physi- cal (non-monetary) and focus on the de- scription and measurement of visitor flows associated with inbound tourism. Conservation According to Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems, the notion of conservation of living natural resources is the management of living nat- ural resources whose utilization is carried out wisely to ensure the continuity of their supply while maintaining and improving the quality of their diversity and value. Conservation of living natural resources and their ecosystems aims to achieve the preservation of living natural resources and the balance of their ecosystems so that they can better support efforts to improve com- munity welfare and the quality of human life. Based on the understanding of the concepts of tourism and conservation, it can be interpreted that conservation tour- ism is a form of activity with the aim not only as an activity with the support of fa- cilities to carry out all activities in tourist destinations to enjoy tourist attractions, but also to participate in the management and preservation of biological natural re- sources. Tourism activities are also one of the carrying capacities of the utilization of the wealth of biological resources owned to improve the welfare of local communities. The conservation tourism area in this case is intended to analyze the existence of Ta- man Kili - Kili Beach as a tourism destina- tion for turtle conservation, so that every existing tourist attraction is guided by the concept of conservation tourism. Essential Ecosystem Areas Determination of essential ecosys- tem areas not only as an area outside of conservation, but also as an area with bio- logical diversity, especially the presence of protected or endangered flora and fauna. According to the Regulation of the Direc- tor General of Natural Resources and Eco- system Conservation Number: P.1/Ksdae/Bpe2/Ksa.4/2/2021 concerning http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 199 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 Technical Instructions for Assessing the Effectiveness of Management of Essential Ecosystem Areas in the general provisions of article 1, it is stated that the Essential Ecosystem Area, hereinafter referred to as KEE is an area outside the Nature Reserve Area, Nature Conservation Area, and Buru Park which is ecologically important for biodiversity. KEE typology consists of: a. Wetland Ecosystems; b. Corridor; c. High Conservation Value Area (ABKT); d. Heart Park; e. Landscapes / Landscapes that Have Specialty; f. Geology and Geomorphology. KEE is the basis for determining ar- eas outside of conservation but has sensi- tivity to the impacts of human development and activities. So that the determination of KEE as a protected area but can also be used to support the social life of the com- munity, requires attention in its manage- ment. As the determination of Taman Kili – Kili Beach as KEE by the Governor of East Java in the Decree of the Governor of East Java Number 188/121/Kpts/013/2021 concerning Management of the Essential Ecosystem Area of Taman Kili - Kili Beach, Trenggalek Regency, East Java Province. In this study, an analysis related to KEE was carried out to see how the suit- ability of Taman Kili – Kili Beach as Con- servation Tourism was carried out by tak- ing into account the provisions of the char- acteristics of KEE. METHODS The approach in this study uses qualitative descriptive qualitative methods, by describing the results of the study and connecting from any research data found. The research location was conducted at Ta- man Kili - Kili Beach, Wonocoyo Village, Pelang District, the location was chosen based on the determination of Taman Kili - Kili Beach as a conservation area that has utilization in tourism activities. The instru- ments used in data collection involved ob- servation, documentation and in-depth in- terviews, with the technique of determin- ing primary and key informants. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Trenggalek Regency is part of East Java Province in the southern region, has a southern coastline of Java Island which is part of the Indian Ocean, with the charac- teristics of the area making Trenggalek Re- gency have the potential of a south coast ecosystem which can be an opportunity for the development of natural tourism, not limited to tourist attractions but also the culinary diversity of processed seafood. Tourism development in Trenggalek Re- gency, especially in Panggul District, is one of the leading regional destinations, the natural wealth of cultural heritage and infrastructure support are aspects of sup- porting tourism potential. Panggul District tourism has semi-primitive regional char- acteristics where most activities should pay attention to environmental conditions and conditions, with the concept of nature- based tourism development that pays atten- tion to the sustainability of every aspect of tourism support in the form of infrastruc- ture, the number of visits and attractions developed (Suksmawati, et al. 2021). Tourism development in Pelang District is still continuing to improve, as stated by the Head of the Trenggalek Re- gency Tourism Office, "Tourism develop- ment in coastal areas must be sustainable because it involves aspects of coastal eco- systems, and life under the sea. In addition, tourism development related to the need for infrastructure facilities in tourist at- tractions also needs to be addressed". In line with the Head of the Tourism Office, the Wonocoyo Village Head stated that "The village area which is currently a http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 200 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 tourist destination in village management, namely Taman Kili - Kili Beach, it is hoped that the potential and wealth of the beach can be maintained amidst the development of mass tourism, and can have an impact on the community. local". In Wonocoyo Village Regulation Number 3 of 2014 con- cerning Turtle Conservation Areas in Chapter II Article 2 states that the core zone of the Wonocoyo Village Turtle Con- servation Area includes coastal and marine areas with the following boundaries, Boundary point I (north side) on the equiv- alent Wonocoyo beach along 100 meters measured from the highest tide point. Ta- man Kili - Kili Beach is one of the attrac- tions for conservation tourism which is also included in the turtle KEE, optimizing the management of the Taman Kili - Kili Beach KEE, Trenggalek Regency, as a form of contributing to the preservation of natural resources, sustainable develop- ment, education and research as well as community welfare so that in its develop- ment, it requires conformity with the con- cept of conservation tourism as shown in the regional Figure 1 of the Turtle Essential Ecosystem Area. Figure 1. Turtle Essential Ecosystem Area (Source: trenggalekkab.go.id) Determination of KEE outside pro- tected areas and/or conservation areas has important ecological values that can sup- port the sustainability of life through ef- forts to conserve biodiversity for the bene- fit of the community and the quality of life of local residents where the environment around the place of residence is designated as a protected area. Some of the KEE crite- ria are Wetland Ecosystems, Animal Corridors, High Conservation Value Areas (ABKT) and Conservation Parks. 1. Wetlands have a very important eco- nomic value for the people who live around them through the production of biological natural resources such as fish, rice, medicinal plants, forest wood and as a means of transportation (Her- man, 2021). The criteria for wetlands are areas with unique or distinctive http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot https://wonocoyo-panggul.trenggalekkab.go.id/assets/files/artikel/sedang_15768255380001.jpg E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 201 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 ecosystems with various vegetation, habitats for waterbirds and migratory birds, habitats for endangered, endemic and protected flora and fauna species, as a place to reserve clean water for the surrounding area, areas with wet crite- ria also have economic value, scientific, spiritual or cultural and other ecosys- tem services. Wetland criteria are also one of the areas that can be used as uti- lization areas, for example the exist- ence of mangrove forests and brackish water rivers to be one of the potential tourist destinations that also apply the concept of conservation tourism. KEE with wetland criteria in Panggul Dis- trict, especially in Wonocoyo Village, namely Pelang Beach, a tourist destina- tion by utilizing the uniqueness and bi- odiversity of forest hills and waterfalls in the Pelang Beach area, Pelang Beach tourist attraction is one of the leading tourism destinations area, utilization as a tourism destination requires that in its development it adopts KEE area crite- ria. Pelang Beach tourism destinations located in unspoiled areas require plan- ning and development with the concept of nature-based tourism by paying at- tention to sustainable resources. Sus- tainable development is designed to meet the needs of the present without losing its existence in the future (Suksmawati, et al 2021). The determi- nation of KEE, especially in wetland ar- eas, provides an opportunity for local communities to be able to take part in improving welfare, both in its imple- mentation in the tourism industry, as well as limited use in the area such as as a means of agricultural land, planta- tions and ponds. Pelang Beach is also an area directly adjacent to Taman Kili - Kili Beach which is also one of the tourist attractions that enter KEE with different types of characteristics. 2. Criteria Corridor is a natural vegetation or vegetation node that can connect two ecosystems, either ecologically or physically. Habitat paths for wild animals, endemic, protected rare, vul- nerable and endangered, have social functions related to meeting the basic needs of local communities, cultural functions for ulayat rights communities and related to local wisdom in the use of resources and the environment, po- tential conflicts between humans and wildlife high, as an area with high car- bon stock. The criteria for the corridor are more to provide a connecting space between one habitat and another so that the designated area is mostly an area between conservation areas so that the needs of animals between disconnected habitats do not become a conflict both in community social activities and the movement and fulfillment of animal feed in the area (Purwanto et.al Tro- penbos Indonesia, 2018). The determi- nation of the corridor in the KEE can provide an understanding of the area that becomes the habitat path, the Ta- man Kili – Kili Beach KEE is one of the habitat lines that provides movement space for turtles for population sustain- ability, the turtle fauna biodiversity cor- ridor is a line of native vegetation with a horizontal corridor that connects be- tween water and land. The Taman Kili – Kili coastal ecosystem corridor is part of the turtle conservation area, the func- tion of the corridor provides opportuni- ties for local communities to carry out restoration activities in the utilization area without destroying the habitat, the use of KEE with corridor characteris- tics can also provide education for tour- ists to come visit to know the turtle eco- system, as stated by the manager of Ta- man Kili - Kili Beach who is included in the Wonocoyo Village community group "The footprints of turtles when they are about to lay eggs on the beach and how to dig sand determine the num- ber of eggs in one ride to the land". The function of the corridor is also a re- sponse to environmental changes, seen when in direct observation the manager of Taman Kili - Kili Beach explained http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 202 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 related to the tides of sea water, typical plants and the weather climate in the coastal area to determine the turtle cor- ridor when laying eggs, "The character- istics of the beach with pandanus trees and hot weather will provide a marker that the area is a corridor area and a place for turtles to lay eggs,” said Sigit as the manager. Corridor effectiveness is important in conservation areas and protection of endangered fauna in order to maintain land use in accordance with its designation and avoid conflict activ- ities between local communities and the needs of fauna habitat in changing hab- itats. 3. The ABKT criteria have criteria as ar- eas with high biodiversity such as pro- tected forest areas and conservation ar- eas with natural vegetation, landscape elements that are important for the dy- namics of natural ecological processes, distinctive ecosystems, ABKT (High Conservation Value Areas) during This has taken into account the condition of the surrounding landscape, but the de- termination is carried out exclusively at the management unit (MU) level which is not coordinated with each other. The implication is that ABKT areas which are expected to be connected to each other to form ecological corridors both within and between MUs often do not occur. The lack of ABKT connectivity at the MU level makes the function of ABKT as natural infrastructure to be minimal. The HCV or High Conserva- tion Value (HCV) approach is aimed at maintaining or enhancing important lo- cal, regional and global ecological or environmental and social values in the production landscape, namely identify- ing biodiversity values (HCV 1), land- scape level ecosystems (HCV 2 ), rare and threatened ecosystems or habitats (HCV 3), protection of environmental service providers (HCV 4), basic needs of local communities (HCV 5) and pro- tection of cultural sites (HCV 6) (Widayati et.al Tropenbos Indonesia, 2018). Determination of the level of HCV based on indicators owned by the area, Taman Kili – Kili Beach as a turtle nesting area which is one of the pro- tected and endangered fauna makes the KEE of Taman Kili – Kili Beach as an HCV area 1. An area that provides a bi- odiversity support function for the area protection and/or conservation, areas with high biodiversity adjacent to pro- tected and/or conservation areas. Areas with endangered species, with the exist- ence of habitats for species that are listed on the IUCN Red-List as Criti- cally Endangered. There is a habitat for a population of species with limited or protected distribution that is able to sur- vive (Viable Population) and is an area with habitat that has a carrying capacity for wildlife, such as a coastal area that is directly opposite the ocean which is a turtle migration route. In addition, Ta- man Kili – Kili Beach is also a habitat for species or a group of species that temporarily exist for breeding, nesting, migration routes, animal corridors, shelters, as well as beach characteristics in the form of sand with very low noise and light levels, making Taman Kili - Kili Beach a turtle nesting habitat. 4. Furthermore, the Biodiversity Park hereinafter referred to as the Kehati Park in the Regulation of the Director General of Natural Resources and Eco- system Conservation Number: P.1/Ksdae/Bpe2/Ksa.4/2/2021 con- cerning Technical Guidelines for As- sessing the Effectiveness of Manage- ment of Essential Ecosystem Areas, the determination of KEE with the criteria that the Kehati Park is a reserve area for local biological natural resources out- side the forest area that has in-situ and ex-situ conservation functions, espe- cially for plants, whose pollination and seed dispersal must be assisted by ani- mals with the structure and composition of the vegetation to support the preser- vation of animals. pollinators and seed dispersers. The Kehati Park area is http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 203 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 outside (not) a forest area, legal owner- ship or control status (Clear) and is not in dispute over ownership, control or management rights (Clean), stated by the owner in writing and has legal force that the land is confirmed its designa- tion for a wildlife park through a letter of determination, is at an altitude of 400-600 meters above sea level and close to water sources. KEE Taman Kili – Kili Beach based on observations and involved observations are not included in the criteria for the Biodiversity Park, Taman Kili – Kili Beach Mostly con- sists of coconut plantations and planta- tions produced by local communities, the highest tidal water border area of 100 meters is dominated by attracting plants Sea turtles lay eggs, namely pan- danus plants and sandy soil, and some are in the form of coconut production plantations. Basically, the main func- tion of the Kehati Park is not for tour- ism activities. The main function of this park is to preserve nature, especially flora, in certain areas. This means that the Kehati Park is designed to protect plants whose distribution is highly de- pendent on animals, such as birds or bats. Because it functions as a protec- tion, the Kehati Park was built based on the identification of local plants that ex- ist in the area. Its manufacture refers to the Regulation of the State Minister of the Environment Number 29 of 2009 concerning Guidelines for Conserva- tion of Biodiversity in the Regions and the Regulation of the State Minister of the Environment Number 03 of 2012 concerning Biodiversity Parks (KLHK, 2020). In a mini area, Kehati Park has the characteristics of an arboretum but with a larger area. 5. Criteria for Landscapes or Landscapes that Have Geological and Geomorpho- logical Specificities have intact forest cover and or natural vegetation, have a scientific function as an object of re- search and investigation for the devel- opment of science, function as a groundwater recharge area capable of being a medium for infiltrating surface water into the soil. soil and functions as a permanent (permanent) groundwater storage medium in the form of an aqui- fer whose existence is sufficient for its hydrological function. Classification of landforms according to Cristian and Stewart in Austin and Margules, 1984 which was developed at CSIRO (Aus- tralia) using a land system approach. This classification system is based on geomorphological, climatic and land cover aspects. Therefore, the formation of the earth's surface with the same for- mation and evolution process, but in different climatic conditions and land cover, will constitute a different land system. In this system, place names are used as the name of the land system. Taman Kili - Kili Beach with regional characteristics as spawning grounds can be interpreted as a Landscape with Geological and Geomorphological Specificity, an area with supratidal characteristics of fine or coarse sand that is broad and sloping and has plant species with coastal vegetation for- mations which are turtle nesting areas, some The types of turtles found in the Taman Kili – Kili Beach area are green turtles, krill and blimbing, but it is pos- sible that there will be other species if the KEE of Taman Kili – Kili Beach continues to improve in protecting land use functions as turtle nesting habitats. The concept of landscape ecology or geoecology can be applied in various fields (Wiyono & Sunarto, 2016) but indeed not all areas can be used as tour- ism activities, especially related to edu- cational tourism, but tourism activities can be used as a means of conservation if tourism is made not based on tourist requests but following turtle nesting season. This concept can integrate en- vironmental components and spatial as- pects so as to provide comprehensive analysis results (Ardian and Eko, 2018) in tourism management requiring http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 204 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 contributions from every stakeholder to meet conservation tourism goals. Ad- vances in science in the field of remote sensing and GIS (Geographic Infor- mation System) provide useful tools to identify patterns and structures of land- scape ecology (Wu et al., 2015). Land- scape ecology can be used to assess habitat quality at specific spatial scales. It is used to increase the animal popula- tion (Narce et al., 2012). Heterogene- ous landscapes affect ecological pro- cesses such as animal movement, pop- ulation size, and interactions between species (Turner, 2005). KEE criteria at Taman Kili – Kili Beach are dominated by corridor areas, ABKT and Landscapes that have Geologi- cal and Geomorphological Specificity of turtle habitat, turtles (Lepidochelys oliva- cea) are animals in the reptile class whose lifespan is almost entirely in the ocean and includes oviparous and fertilization ani- mals eggs take place in the body of the par- ent (Panjaitan et al., 2012; Yustina et al., 2004). Turtles are reptiles that live in the sea and are able to migrate long distances to the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Southeast Asia (Apriandini, 2017). Taman Kili – Kili Beach as a place for turtles to lay eggs with characteristics that are easily accessible from the sea, its position is high enough to prevent the eggs from being sub- merged by the tide and the sand is rela- tively soft (loose) and of medium size to prevent the nest hole from collapsing dur- ing its formation (Miller, 1997). The heter- ogeneous and relatively wide environment for nesting their eggs is a characteristic that turtles prefer to lay their eggs (Bouchard & Bjorndal, 2000; Sheavtiyan et al., 2014), the policy of establishing Taman Kili – Kili Beach as KEE provides protection for the habitat and population of flora and fauna in Indonesia. the area is mainly for the sus- tainability of the turtle ecosystem. The complexity of the issue of sea turtles has an undeniable impact on the management and conservation of the area (Rosalina and Muji 2022). Every rule in the implementa- tion of activities should be the basis of the gap between every activity that utilizes the turtle ecosystem, both as KEE and conser- vation tourism, so that the protection of the area from destruction can be minimized but also has an impact on the social welfare of the local community. The determination of Taman Kili – Kili Beach to become a tourism destination with the concept of conservation activities, making tourist attractions that exist side by side and are in KEE. The suitability of tour- ism activities and area criteria is important to maintain the sustainability of tourism and turtle ecosystems. Every year the turtle population continues to decline, due to nat- ural factors and human activities that en- danger the population directly or indi- rectly, because of this, turtles are catego- rized as endangered and protected species (Nurhayati et al. 2020). Red Data Book In- ternational Union for Conservation of Na- ture and Natural Resources (IUCN) which is included in Appendix I of CITES (Con- vention on International Trade in Endan- gered Species) which means that interna- tional trade in turtles for commercial pur- poses is prohibited (Seminoff, 2002). Ef- forts to maintain balance, use and preserve diversity provide opportunities for tourism activities which are currently being used not only as fun activities but also as a means of education and conservation to maintain the survival of biological ecosys- tems. Conservation tourism trends accord- ing to several observations from the 2021 UNWTO scenario show that international tourist arrivals could grow by 30% to 78% in 2022 compared to 2021. However, this will still be 50% to 63% below pre-pan- demic levels. According to experts, domes- tic tourism and travel close to home, as well as outdoor activities, nature-based products, and rural tourism are among the key travel trends that will continue to shape tourism in 2022. This suggests that natural tourist attractions are forecast to become a global trend in tourism recovery. Tourist http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 205 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 attractions that have uniqueness, beauty, and value in the form of diversity of natural wealth will become the target or destina- tion of tourist visits. The determination of the tourist attraction of Taman Kili – Kili Beach as a conservation tourism area is an opportunity for tourism progress in tourism destinations in the Trenggalek area, espe- cially the strategic tourism area of the Pelang area. Taman Kili - Kili Beach with poten- tial tourist attractions in the form of land- scapes and as KEE is designated as a natu- ral tourist attraction, the characteristics of the area which is a turtle habitat for laying eggs make the uniqueness of Kili - Kili Beach, activities that intersect with nature become the main attraction. Taman Kili - Kili Beach is designated as one of the tour- ist attractions that is included in the re- gional tourism strategic area according to Trenggalek regulation no. 26 of 2016 con- cerning the Master Plan for Regional Tour- ism Development for 2017-2031, so that both development and management must be based on the provisions of regional tour- ism development with the aim of creating sustainable tourism. In addition, the use of the Taman Kili - Kili Beach KEE as a tour- ist attraction with the concept of conserva- tion tourism is also stated in the Wonocoyo Village Regulation No. 3 of 2014, where the Taman Kili - Kili Beach KEE is a zone for the limited use and rescue of turtles through tourism activities. Tourism is con- sidered an industry that is not only ex- pected to have an impact on improving the welfare of local communities, but also be- comes a tourist attraction with conserva- tion activities, education related to turtle habitat and turtle nesting patterns. Application of the concept of con- servation tourism at Taman Kili – Kili Beach in the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Re- public of Indonesia Number 31/Permen- Kp/2020 concerning Management of Con- servation Areas. Coastal parks are coastal areas whose functions must support the sustainability of ecological processes naturally and can be managed naturally. sustainably to maintain and improve the quality of biodiversity. such as the pres- ence of turtles in the Taman Kili – Kili beach area which rises ashore to lay eggs every year during the dry or dry season, so the characteristics of the sand area and the small amount of human activity along the coast must be maintained. Coastal parks have criteria in the form of aquatic biodi- versity, unique natural phenomena and nat- ural local wisdom, and high attractiveness, and have great opportunities to support the development of sustainable marine natural tourism. The concept of sustainable tour- ism development should be built with due regard to conservation aspects, especially those included in conservation areas. So that it does not need to conflict with the spirit of conservation, but also needs to be a concern that as a conservation area every supporting aspect in it, both related to beauty, beauty, and cleanliness of tourist areas is an important priority (Hidayati and Audrey, 2021). Taman Kili - Kili Beach as a conser- vation tourist attraction and also as a green turtle habitat area or green turtle (Chelonia mydas), Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and Leatherback turtle (Dermo- chelys olivacea) which are protected and attract international attention, are expected to be a place for conservation activities through tourism, so that educational under- standing related to turtles can become a trigger the reduced hunting of turtles and turtle eggs. At the beginning, before the de- velopment of tourism, turtle egg retrieval was often carried out by the community due to lack of knowledge and understand- ing so that it had an impact on uncontrolled exploitation in nature, community partici- pation and public awareness of the balance and existence of turtle habitats gave rise to community groups who care about turtle habitats, so that empowerment interven- tions community and education make the turtle-laying sandy area no longer a con- sumption material but an opportunity to improve welfare through tourism activities http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 206 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 which are also expected to have an impact on improving the welfare of local commu- nities. Based on the data obtained regard- ing the number of turtles that lay eggs and the number of eggs in the sands of Taman Kili – Kili Beach, it is proven that since tur- tle hunting began to decrease with educa- tion and regulations related to turtle hunting, the number of mother turtles lay- ing eggs and the number of eggs increased even the species of turtles that were found. began to decrease up to lay eggs is cur- rently increasing, as shown in Table 1.1 Data for Turtles at Taman Kili – Kili Beach. Table 1. Data for Turtles at Taman Kili – Kili Beach Year Number of Turtles Number of Eggs Hatching Eggs Not-Hatching Eggs 2012 37 3132 2524 599 2013 52 4074 3302 772 2014 35 3496 1529 1969 2015 27 2209 1519 690 2016 54 4810 3135 1675 2017 46 3301 2029 1209 2018 65 4668 4093 575 2019 79 5569 5252 317 2020 85 6115 5512 603 Source: Primary Data processed in 2022. According to Sigit Manager “There are several factors that make turtles rise to lay eggs or not, ranging from the tide level to the beach atmosphere, as well as related to eggs hatching and not hatching, rainfall and climate change are natural factors that cause turtle eggs do not hatch, because hatching turtle eggs depends on the heat level of the sand or sand where the turtles lay their eggs". Conservation tourism is an educa- tional contribution not only for tourists who visit related to concern for sustainabil- ity of turtle life but also provides awareness to local communities that, with tourism in The multiple impact will also save the tur- tle's life due to the cost of retribution and conservation, in addition to providing ac- commodation, transportation and local res- taurants around the KEE Taman Kili – Kili Beach will have a direct impact on the local community. Conservation of resources side by side with the development of the area into a tourism destination, will so- cially open new jobs for the community so that economically it can be used as a source of income for the surrounding community (Hilyana et al, 2021). Sigit as the manager and community group for turtle conserva- tion also explained " Our main goal is to build and incorporate turtle conservation not only as a turtle rescue at this time, but also to invite anyone who comes to Taman Kili - Kili Beach to learn together and care about the existence of the turtle ecosystem and habitat. , because with conservation activities, humans will learn turtle egg lay- ing patterns, and patience in watching the process of laying turtle eggs until the eggs hatch, visitors who come do not automati- cally see turtle eggs, turtle hatching be- cause what we expect them to come only at certain times, namely when turtles lay eggs and indeed the purpose of visiting is to learn about turtles”. Conservation Tour- ism supports the purpose of the KEE not http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot E-Journal of Tourism Vol.9. No.2. (2022): 196-209 http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 207 e-ISSN 2407-392X. p-ISSN 2541-0857 only in the form of tourism activities but also as a means of conserving protected and endangered turtles, turtles in conserva- tion areas as an educational tool so as to make visitors aware that the beauty and uniqueness of turtles can be enjoyed when the turtles live and breed. Another hope for the local community is to change the mind- set of the community in utilizing biological natural resources from the existence of tur- tles, the importance of protecting turtles for the benefit of the future, the use of turtles as an educational tourism attraction is an alternative solution as a protection effort that can simultaneously provide economic benefits to the community. community (Setiawan et al, 2021). CONCLUSION Tourism and conservation are two activities that have become a trend in the last few decades, merging activities be- tween tourism and conservation is an op- portunity to increase education related to the preservation of living natural resources. Conservation Tourism is essentially a tour- ism activity with the main attraction in the form of tourist participation in the manage- ment and conservation of nature, in this study Conservation Tourism located at Ta- man Kili - Kili Beach became one of the tourist attractions with the concept of con- servation tourism. Conservation tourism activities at Taman Kili – Kili Beach prior- itize educating visitors regarding turtle habitats and ecosystems, besides that the purpose of conservation tourism on the Kili – Kili coast is as one of the limited uses of natural resources and natural resources owned without having to exploit turtles. Conservation tourism is carried out in ac- cordance with the provisions in the man- agement of conservation areas and KEE, while still paying attention to the socio-cul- tural environment of the surrounding com- munity so that the purpose of the use of the turtle KEE function can also be felt by the surrounding community, without causing conflicts over natural resources. The effectiveness of the use of KEE at Taman Kili – Kili Beach is proven to be able to re- duce the level of exploitation of turtles and hunting for turtle eggs, hopes for the sus- tainability of conservation tourism and im- plications for the welfare of local commu- nities to be one of the main functions of the existence of conservation tourism at Ta- man Kili – Kili Beach. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our grati- tude to all managers of Taman Kili – Kili Beach for their assistance during research observations, all informants who provided data and information. 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