esrj: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called esrj.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Area; Del; Model; Los; Que; Soil; Las; Analysis; Water; Method; Basin; Formation; Rock; Colombia; Time; Rocks; Samples; Surface; Values; Groundwater; Region; Earth; Fault; Depth; Map; Velocity; Quartz; Sensing; Gravity; Resistivity; Table; Wave; Earthquake; Coal; Temperature; Nigeria; China; Distribution; Network; River; Rainfall; Density; Reservoir; Pressure; Stress; Field; Clay; Classification; Minerals; Properties; City; Group; Earthquakes; Gps; Seismic; Series; Iran; Algorithm; Use; Frequency; Models; Gold; Sample; Section; Events; Test; System; Chemical; Ground; Engineering; Structures; Brazil; Energy; Concentration; Transform; Province; Matrix; Software; Migration; Iron; Science; Karst; Sciences; Metal; Angle

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Application of remote sensing methods for statistical estimation of organic matter in soils by Belenok, Vadym; Hebryn-Baidy, Liliia; Bіelousova, Natalyya ; Zavarika, Halyna ; Kryachok, Sergíy ; Liashenko, Dmytro ; Malik , Tetiana (2023) - Further, ground cover studies utilize mathematical models built upon parameters like fractional vegetation coverage, nitrogen reflectance index, yellow leaf index, bare soil index, and slope, achieving an accuracy of approximately 90% (Das et al., 2021). The impact of soil reflectance on the quanti- fication of the green vegetation fraction from NDVI. Keywords: area; bands; content; data; et al; figure; index; kyiv; landsat; matter; model; oli; reflectance; region; satellite; sensing; soil; som; state; study; ukraine; values; vegetation
• The performance evaluation of PPK and PPP-based Loosely Coupled integration in wooded and urban areas by Gurturk, Mert; Ilci, Veli (2022) - Error statistics of 2D position for wooded-area 2D Position (m) Satellite-based LC-based PPK PPP PPK PPP GNSS GPS GNSS GPS GNSS GPS GNSS GPS max 0.20 0.21 0.16 0.21 0.10 0.17 0.12 0.18 average 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.05 RMSE 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 Table 3 gives the error statistics of the 2D position for satellite-based and LC-based solutions in the wooded area. Error statistics of height for wooded-area Height (m) Satellite-based LC-based PPK PPP PPK PPP GNSS GPS GNSS GPS GNSS GPS GNSS GPS max 0.30 0.41 0.43 0.48 0.09 0.27 0.17 0.23 average 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.05 RMSE 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.06 Keywords: accuracy; area; errors; gnss; gnss gps; gps; height; imu; methods; positioning; ppk; ppp; satellite; solutions; urban
• Assessment of the extent of soil degradation over different land uses in the Kebbi area, northwestern Nigeria by Aminu, Zuni; Ibrahim, Ishiaku; Aminu, Haruna Gattah; Garba, Yauri Safyanu (2024) - J. Vol. 27, No. 4 (December 2023): 415 - 424 SO IL S ABSTRACT RESUMEN Assessment of the extent of soil degradation over different land uses in the Kebbi area, northwestern Nigeria Zuni Aminu1, Ibrahim Ishiaku1*, Haruna Gattah Aminu2, and Yauri Safyanu Garba 1 1. Assessment of the extent of soil degradation over different land uses in the Kebbi area, northwestern Nigeria. Keywords: aminu; analysis; area; badland; degradation; erosion; et al; gully; land; loss; nigeria; plantation; slope; soil; soil degradation; study; uses; values
• Quantifying Morphostructural Evolution of the Eastern Algerian Saharan Atlas (NE, Algeria) Using GIS-based Surface Envelope Technique, Drainage Network Analysis, and Geological Features by Boufaa, Kamel; Bougherara, Ahmed; Bouaicha, Foued; Bouzenoune, Azzedine (2024) - Apport de la gravimétrie à l’étude de la structure du bassin de Nadhour-Saouaf-Sis- seb-El Alem (Centre de la Tunisie). El estudio emplea una metodología global que implica la utilización de la técnica de la envolvente superficial, combinada con un análisis de la red hidrográfica y del contexto geológico. Keywords: algeria; analysis; area; atlas; basin; bouzenoune; carte; data; des; drainage; erosion; et al; evolution; géologique; map; network; relief; structures; study; surface; tebessa; zmax
• Estimation of soil losses due to water erosion in the Dagua River Basin, Colombia by Martinez López, Carolina; Menjivar Flóres, Juan Carlos; Calero Mosquera, Daniela (2023) - This study aimed at estimating soil erosion in the Dagua river basin, using the universal soil loss equation (USLE). In turn, it is a process that is accelerated by the influence of anthropic activities (clean crops, planting in favor of the slope, extensive livestock, absence of conservation practices) (Amundson et al., 2015; Abdulkareem et al., 2019), and that is of great importance if one takes into account that the soil is a non-renewable natural resource Thus, world food production is threatened by soil erosion, a figure that reaches average values of 30 t ha- 1 year - 1, which leaves around 10 million hectares of unproductive farmland each year (Gachene et al., 2020). Keywords: area; basin; colombia; dagua; del; erosion; et al; factor; river; soil; soil erosion; water
• Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data by Apeh, Ojima Isaac; Tenzer, Robert; Pham, Luan Thanh; Ozuah, Zimuzo Hedinkpa (2023) - Adighije (1976; 1979; 1981a; 1981b) estimated the sediment thickness in the Southern BT by interpreting gravity data. The extracted residual terrain effects and a stochastically determined systematic bias of -0.4 mGal (Apeh and Tenzer, 2022) were algebraically added to the computed absolute gravity data to realize gravity data that fit a local gravity field. Keywords: area; basement; benue; data; density; depths; et al; gravity; gravity data; model; nigeria; residual; sediment; sediment thickness; southern; study; thickness; trough; � �
• Analysis of Green Infrastructure Network Pattern Change in Zhengzhou Central City Based on Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis by Xiao, Zhetao; Zhao, Donghui; Hao, Lijun (2023) - Based on the evaluation of landscape connectivity of seven types of landscape elements in Zhengzhou in 2019, the classification of core areas and the extraction of potential ecological corridors were carried out, and the GI planning strategy of Zhengzhou central city was put forward. The area of core area decreased from 449.856 km2 in 2007 to 185.724 km2 in 2019, the ratio to total GI area decreased from 70.68% in 2007 to 42.69% in 2019, and the ratio to the total area of the central city decreased from 45.44% in 2007 to 18.76% in 2019, meaning a significant decrease. Keywords: analysis; area; central; city; connectivity; construction; core; core area; green; infrastructure; landscape; level; mspa; network; river; zhengzhou
• Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria by Boudjema, Abderrezzak; Guettaia, Sabrine; Derdour, Abdessamed; Brinis, Nafaa; Almaliki, Abdulrazak (2025) - With challenges such as climate variability, desertification, and urban expansion, the Wilaya of Naama emphasizes the need to maintain groundwater recharge rates and protect water quality for sustainable use in agriculture, drinking, and ecosystem support. These wooded regions are essential for sustaining the natural equilibrium of groundwater replenishment and safeguarding water quality. Keywords: algeria; analysis; area; chemical; data; derdour; diagram; formations; gibbs; groundwater; groundwater quality; mineralization; naama; processes; quality; recharge; region; samples; study
• Sensitivity Analysis and GIS Tools for Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment. (Application in the Middle Chellif Plain, Algeria) by Nadjai, Saci; Khammar, Hichem; Boulebaiz, Mahreez ; Nabed, Abdelkader Nadir; Benaabidate, Lahcen (2024) - The “single parameter sensitivity analysis” test was designed in order to evaluate the effect of DRASTIC parameters on the vulnerability index. Assessment of groundwater pollution vulnerability, hazard and risk in a semi-arid region. Keywords: algeria; analysis; aquifer; area; cheliff; groundwater; index; map; method; middle; parameters; plain; pollution; sensitivity; study; table; vulnerability
• Mapping hydrothermal alterations and associated lineaments within Kaiama, north-central Nigeria, using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager Data and Digital Elevation Model by Umaru, Aliyu; Okunlola, Olugbenga; Adamu Danbatta, Umaru; Olusegun G., Olisa (2024) - Within the study region, there has been a limited exploration of remotely sensed data for the identification of hydrothermal alteration zones, which could serve as a valuable tool for regional exploration to unlock the full mineralization potential of the area. The primary objective of this study is to utilize remote sensing methods, specifically leveraging Landsat 8 OLI data and a digital elevation model, on an expansive scale to systematically delineate hydrothermal alteration zones and tectonic lineaments within the study area. Keywords: alteration; area; band; data; figure; hydrothermal; image; iron; journal; landsat; lineaments; mapping; mineralization; minerals; nigeria; sensing; study; zones
• Geoelectrical investigation to delineate potential aquifers in Shahroud, Iran by Zarif Mahdizadeh, Eilnaz; Beitollahi , Ali; Zarif Mahdizadeh, Sanaz (2024) - Another advantage of using the T method is that according to the selected fixed depth, it is possible to draw electrical resistivity maps for each depth horizon (Dimitrev et al., 1998). Mapping the intrusion of saltwater (Abdul Nasir et al., 2000), identifying saltwater/freshwater interface (El-Waheidi et al., 1992; Van Dam and Meulenkamp, 1967) and characterizing hydrogeological (Al-Fares, 2016) can be determined by electrical resistivity method. Keywords: aquifer; area; bedrock; depth; figure; groundwater; map; maps; meters; method; potential; region; resistance; resistivity; shahroud; sounding; study; thickness
• Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods by Husainy, Siti Nurkhalidah; Bery, Andy Anderson; Abir, Ismail Ahmad; Lestari, Wien; Akingboye, Adedibu Sunny (2023) - Landslide susceptibility map of Penang Island, Malaysia. Delineation of landslide hazard areas on Penang Island, Malaysia, by using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and ar- tificial neural network models. Keywords: area; bery; data; datasets; et al; factors; fig; gravity; island; landslide; landslide susceptibility; malaysia; map; mapping; methods; models; occurrence; penang; penang island; sensing; slope; soil; study; surface; susceptibility
• Ecological restoration strategies of rock-soluble stone desertification regions under the background of big data and the Internet of Things by Lu, Guanyao (2023) - J. Vol. 27, No. 2 (June, 2023): 163 - 168 EN V IR O N M EN TA L G EO LO G Y Manuscript received: 29/03/2023 Accepted for publication: 18/07/2023 Ecological Restoration Strategies of Rock-Soluble Stone Desertification Regions under the Background of Big Data and the Internet of Things Guanyao Lu * School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China * Corresponding author: guanyaolu@fosu.edu.cn ABSTRACT Keywords: big data; Internet of Things; rock- soluble stone desertification; ecological repair; comprehensive governance; southwestern China; These areas that are developing in stone desertification ecological issues account for approximately 1.25 million square kilometers. Keywords: area; desertification; environment; graphite; problem; restoration; rock; soil; southwest; stone; stone desertification
• Structural mapping of the Goulfey-Tourba (West and Central African Rift) sedimentary basin using high-resolution gravity data by PaulGautier, Kamto; Oksum, Erdinc; Lemotio, Willy; Kamguia, Joseph (2023) - On the other hand, the detection techniques of geological lineaments are widely and increasingly used in structural geophysics (Kamto et al., 2021; Pham et al., 2021; Eldosouky et al., 2021,2022a; Ekwok et al., 2021; al., 2022; Ekka et al., 2022; Kamto et al., 2023a). For decades, new edge detection methods have been developed by researchers to provide better results in the mapping of structural features, and to avoid the occurrence of extraneous noise which could be assigned to geological features (Wijns et al., 2005; Cooper and Cowan, 2006; Tatchum et al., 2011; Oksum et al. (2021); Pham, 2021; Melouah and Pham, 2021; Pham et al., 2022; Prasad et al., 2022). Keywords: area; basin; central; data; density; disturbances; et al; features; field; figure; geophysics; gravity; map; method; model; potential; results; sources; study
• Geo-electric techniques for estimating and mapping the electro-geohydraulic properties of the shallow aquifer within the Nsukka Formation in eastern Nigeria by Ibuot, Johnson Cletus; Obiora, Daniel; Ekpa, Moses; Omeje, Emmanuel (2024) - Voids, pore spaces and fractures play pivotal roles in groundwater studies, influencing the flow dynamics within subsurface formations. A graph of (a) hydraulic conductivity against fractional porosity, (b) permeability against fractional porosity, (c) hydraulic conductivity against aquifer resistivity, (d) fractional porosity against aquifer resistivity, (e) formation factor against fractional porosity. Keywords: aquifer; area; et al; figure; groundwater; hydraulic; ibuot; nigeria; parameters; porosity; properties; resistivity; study; subsurface
• Monitoring land subsidence in an urban area of Tamilnadu, India using SAR time series data by Rawat, Kishan Singh (2025) - In addition, areas of substantial coal, ore, or other mineral extractions are more prone to subsidence (Gupta et al. 2020; Ishwar et al. 2017; Guang et al. 2009; Miao et al. 2008).A prevalent phenomenon of land subsidence is due to a number of underground mining operations including the excessive exploitation of coal, minerals, groundwater, and petroleum products as well as the collapse of existing galleries and the flooding of abandoned ones (Jianjun et al. 2012; Chatterjee et al. 2006). Natural and human activities can both lead to land subsidence. Keywords: area; coherence; data; displacement; et al; fig; groundwater; height; india; land; point; radar; sar; study; subsidence; time; urban; velocity
• Using potential field derivatives in the arctangent function to estimate the edges and relative depths of potential field sources by Pham, Luan Thanh; Nasuti, Yasin (2024) - Many filters of potential field data have been developed to estimate the source location (Nabighian, 1972, 1974; To filter potential field data using various techniques, efforts have been made to balance the trade-off between noise and signal in the filtered image (Cooper and Cowan, 2006). Keywords: anomalies; area; bodies; data; edges; et al; field; figure; filter; map; methods; pham; potential; sources
• Integrated Geophysical Investigation using Aero-radiometric and Electrical Methods for Potential Gold mineralization within Yauri/Zuru Schist Belts, Kebbi State NW Nigeria by Idris Augie, Abdulrahaman; Adeyinka Salako, Kazeem; Anderson Bery, Andy; Abdulwaheed Rafiu, Adewuyi; Owolabi Jimoh, Mufutau (2024) - J. Vol. 28, No. 2 (June, 2024): 151 - 160 G EO PH Y SI C S Record Manuscript received: 13/12/2023 Accepted for publication: 16/07/2024 Keywords: Gold mineralization Zones, Yauri/Zuru Schist Belt, Aero-radiometric, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Induce Polarization (IP). Results of these techniques identified alteration zones that could host gold mineralization zone. Keywords: area; eth; gold; high; low; mineralization; nigeria; potential; profile; resistivity; study; zones
• Geophysical modeling of the middle Bogotá River Basin with support from interpretation of electrical resistivity, gravity, seismic and borehole data to evaluate potential deep aquifers by Hernandez Pardo, Orlando; Atapuma, Paola; Ochoa Gutiérrez, Luis Hernán (2024) - Memoria explicativa de la Geología de la plancha 227 La Mesa. Location map of the study area, including the municipalities of Cota, El Rosal, Funza, Madrid, Mosquera, Subachoque, Tenjo, in the Middle Rio Bogota basin, Sabana de Bogotá, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia. Keywords: area; basin; bogotá; data; del; figure; formations; gravity; group; guadalupe; ohm; potential; resistivity; river; sabana; sandstones; units
• A Comparative of Frequency Ratio Method, Weight of Evidence, and Analytical Hierarchy Process for Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) Region in Ranitar-Belarang Section of Udayapur District, Koshi Province, Nepal by Paudyal, Kabi Raj; Maharjan, Rupendra; Shrestha, Birat; Maharjan, Neelam (2024) - The concentration of landslides was found to be maximum in the elevation range of 500 m-750 m. The steepness of the slope is another significant topographic factor considered in landslide susceptibility studies (Kamp et al., 2008; Based on the calculations, weighted maps of each factor were produced, and each map were added and overlaid using the equation (8) to obtain landslide susceptibility maps. Keywords: ahp; area; distance; evidence; figure; frequency; frequency ratio; hierarchy; index; landslide susceptibility; landslides; map; mbt; method; model; nepal; process; ratio; slope; study; study area; susceptibility mapping; thrust; total; weight; woe
• SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating on the Early Cretaceous Volcanics in Zhangwu-Heishan Area, West Liaoning Province, China and its Geological Significance by Xu, Xinxian; Fu, Qiji (2024) - The horizon and age of volcanic rock play an important role in understanding biostratigraphy, structural and sedimentary evolution of west Liaoning Province and local coal exploration. The stratigraphic succession of Zhangwu-Heishan Area was clarified and the conclusion that no Cretaceous coal seam can be found below volcanic rock in Zhangwu-Heishan Area was drawn. Keywords: age; andesite; area; basalt; county; formation; fuxin; heishan; liaoning; rock; set; volcanic; yixian; zhangwu
• Coastal flood and damage assessment under sea level rise projections: a case study in San Francisco de Campeche, Mexico by Pan Barcel, Javier; Canul Turriza, Román Alejandro ; Fernández-Díaz, Violeta Z.; Cruz y Cruz, Andrea del R.; Arreguín-Rodríguez, Gabriela J. (2024) - From the Special Report on the Ocean and the Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (IPCC, 2019) it was established that if the current rate of greenhouse gas emissions is not reversed, the collapse of the ice masses will be inevitable and the increase in the level of the sea will affect more than 680 million people who live in coastal areas of the world. The Sixth Assessment Report on Climate Change of IPCC (AR6) assumes that sea level rise scenarios worsen the threat of flooding in coastal areas around the world. Keywords: area; campeche; change; city; damage; de campeche; del; et al; figure; flood; flooding; francisco; francisco de; level; rise; san; scenario; sea; sea level
• Assessment of groundwater vulnerability using SINTACS and modified-SINTACS methods in Burdur Çine Basin (Turkiye) by Soyaslan, I. Iskender (2025) - A comparative study of groundwater vulnerability methods in a porous aquifer in Greece. Slimani et al. (2023) employed three distinct GIS-supported methodologies (GOD, DRASTIC, and SINTACS) in their investigation of groundwater pollution vulnerability in the Ouargla region of Algeria. Keywords: approach; aquifer; area; assessment; basin; data; gis; groundwater; groundwater vulnerability; index; land; method; model; parameters; pollution; regions; research; sensitivity; sintacs; sintacs vulnerability; use; vulnerability
• Application of isotopic and hydrogeochemical techniques to evaluate mixing processes in groundwater systems from a coastal area in Argentina by Gomez Gutierrez, Jesus David; Romanelli, Asuncion; Bertolini, Leandro; Quiroz Londoño , Orlando Mauricio (2025) - Water samples were plotted in a conventional δ18O vs δ2H plot, together with the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL; Dansgaard 1964) and Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL; Quiroz Londoño et al., 2015). This document focuses on understanding the mixing processes of aquifers with different hydrochemical and isotopic signatures, the consequences of which could influence the variation in water quality of both hydrological systems. Keywords: analysis; aquifer; area; argentina; del; dune; dune aquifer; et al; figure; groundwater; mixing; pampeano; pampeano aquifer; processes; quality; quiroz; samples; sand; study; values; water; wells
• Susceptibility Assessment of Deep-seated Landslides in Sub-Himalayan Galiat Region, Pakistan by Mehmood, Qaiser; Can, Tolga (2025) - Despite the high threat, there is an absence of landslide susceptibility maps for most of northern Pakistan, hindering effective measures for landslide hazard preven- tion. Keywords: Landslide inventory; deep-seated landslide; landslide susceptibility map; maximum entropy model. Keywords: area; assessment; data; distribution; earth; entropy; et al; figure; landslide; landslide susceptibility; map; maxent; maximum; model; pakistan; region; study; susceptibility; variables
• GIS Approach for Flood Risk Assessment in the Large Irrigation Area of the Western Mitidja Plain (Algeria) by Raked, Hind; Bachari, Nour El Islam; Guettouche, Mohamed Saîd; Touahri, Mohammed Tayeb (2025) - The result is a map showing the spatial distribution of flood risk areas in the large irriga- tion Area of the Western Mitidja, classified into four classes (low, medium, high, very high) risk. As a result, the objective of this research is to develop a geospatial model to identify and classify flood risk areas within the Mitidja West LIA using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Keywords: algeria; area; assessment; drainage; figure; flood; flood risk; flooding; high; irrigation; low; map; mitidja; permeability; plain; risk; study; water; weights; western
• Introducing Quaternary magmatism of Gohar Kouh area with a focus on the lithological, geochemical and petrogenetic characteristics of the rocks (southeast of Iran) by Sedighian, Soudeh (2025) - Geochemistry In Table 1 and 2, the results of chemical analysis of rock samples from the Gohar Kouh volcanic masses are presented. Geochemical results of rock samples from the study area for major elements by XRF method. Keywords: arc; area; basalts; diagram; earth; et al; fig; gohar; iran; kouh; magma; mantle; rocks; samples; subduction; zone
• The sedimentary environment and source of ore-forming materials of sandstone-type copper deposits in southeast Kuqa Basin, Xinjiang, China by Fu, Qiji; Xu, Xinxian (2025) - RESUMEN 24 Qiji Fu, Xinxian Xu Introduction The Tarim Basin is a metallogenic and exploration area for the coexistence of important metal minerals, coal, and oil resources in China (Lin C S et al., 2002, Cao Y T, 2010, Zhao M J et al., 2015, Fang W X et al., 2016, Xiao Y, 2018, Lu K G et al., 2019, Zhang T et al., 2020), which became a hot spot in the study of tectonic evolution and metallogenic laws in recent years (Liu Z H et al., 2000, Yan F L et al., 2003, Tang L J et al., 2004, Charreau J et al., 2006, Cao Y T, 2010, Guan S W et al., 2010, Li X et al., 2013, Cai H A et al., 2022, Cai H A, 2023). Scholars have conducted detailed studies on the structure (Qian J F et al., 2012, Lu K G et al., 2019), sequence (Guo X P et al., 2002, Lin C S et al., 2002, Shao L Y et al., 2007), sedimentary environment (Li J F et al., 2017) and paleogeography (Shao L Y et al., 2006, Tan X C et al., 2006). Keywords: area; basin; chinese; copper; facies; fan; formation; kangcun; kuqa; sandstone
• Landslide Distribution and Susceptibility Assessment in NW Pakistan: Insights from Field Observations and Factor Analysis by Ahmad, Mukhtar S.; Khan, Saad; Islam, Nazir Ul; Khan, Fazle Yar; Ahmad, Imran (2025) - Landslide susceptibility map using the AHP method. Is the ROC curve a reliable tool to compare the validity of landslide susceptibility maps?.  Keywords: ahmad; ahp; analysis; area; chitral; et al; factors; field; landslide; landslide susceptibility; map; mapping; methods; pakistan; rainfall; region; slope; study; susceptibility
• Geomorphology and Landforms Evolution of Roste Valley, Western Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, Iraqi Kurdistan Region by Zhazhlayi, Paiwast; Surdashy, Ali (2025) - Surficial processes and climatic conditions of the study area aid erosion and transportation processes, resulting in the formation of different denudation landforms Fluvial landforms resulted from river action; the Roste River, from the end of the Miocene period, changed in its path, velocity, and intensity, hence shaping different landforms. Shows structural origins landforms, A) Keywords: anticline; area; figure; landforms; processes; ridge; rock; roste; study; tanoun; tectonic; valley; zagros; zone
• The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China by Wen, Beining; Yu, Miao; Liu, Chong; Jiao, Yan; Kai, Qihang (2025) - Land subsidence has been identified as the main pattern of VLM (Dokka, 2006; Gómez et al., 2021). Because of the rapid sediment compaction and deposit, coastal delta regions are experiencing a faster rate of land subsidence than global SLR (Minderhoud, 2019; Tessler et al., 2018). Keywords: area; change; china; climate; coastal; data; et al; flood; land; land subsidence; level; level rise; rise; rslr; sea; sea level; shanghai; study; subsidence; vlm
• Contribution of topographic and penetrometric measurements to a site characterization, case of the Kekem Landslide, National Road N°5 (Western Cameroon) by Nguimbous Kouoh, Jean Jacques; Manguelle-Dicoum, Eliezer (2010) - Topographic map of the basement roof along slipped area). Topographic maps of the slipped area (Figure 8a and 8b) have the same morphological features. Keywords: area; figure; kekem; landslide; penetrometer; points; road; site; slope; study; topographic
• Potential littoral sediment transport along the coast of South Eastern Coast of India by Saravanan, S.; Chandrasekar, N. (2010) - Chandramohan (1988) have discussed and estimated the rate of longshore sediment transport along the Indian coast. Chandramohan and Nayak (1991) have accounted the wave induced longshore sediment transport at different places along Indian coast. Keywords: area; beach; coast; direction; drift; india; kanyakumari; longshore; sediment; sediment transport; study; transport; wave; zone
• GEOPHYSICAL CONTRIBUTION TO EVALUATE THE HYDROTHERMAL POTENTIALITY IN EGYPT: CASE STUDY: HAMMAM FARAUN AND ABU SWIERA, SINAI, EGYPT by Atya, Magdy A.; Khachay, Olga A.; Latif, Aiman Abdel; Khachay, Oleg Y.; El-Qady, Gad M; Taha, Ayman I (2010) - Material and methods Two groups of geothermal water samples have been col- lected from Hammam Faraun and Abu Swiera hot springs. When correlation with Gulf of Suez and rain water , we fiend that sample numbers 1 and 2 related to rain water and affected by Gulf of Suez water with different ranges. Keywords: abu; area; egypt; faraun; figure; geophysical; geothermal; gulf; hammam; hammam faraun; khz; profile; sinai; source; study; suez; swiera; water
• GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION IN AWLAD SALAMEH SOUTHERN SOHAG, UPPER EGYPT by Latif, Aiman Abdel; Kashouty, Mohamed El (2010) - The soil was salinized and decrease the income per capita due to the increase in water salinity. The Nile valley, in Sohag area, is bounded from east and west by the Eocene Limestone pla- teau. Keywords: aquifer; area; awlad; case; egypt; groundwater; land; nile; ppm; said; salameh; salinity; sediments; sohag; valley
• COMPOSITIONAL AND PETROGENETIC FEATURES OF SCHISTOSE ROCKS OF IBADAN AREA, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA by Okunlola, O.A.; Adeigbe, O.C.; Oluwatoke, O.O. (2009) - These schistose rocks are mainly quartz schist and amphibole schist. Geochemical Features Samples and Analytical Techniques Seven unaltered and fresh samples each of quartz schist and amphibole schist were analyzed for both major oxide and trace element concentrations at the Activation Laboratories, Canada, using the inductively coupled plasma analytical technique. Keywords: amphibole; area; enero; ibadan; nigeria; okunlola; plot; quartz; quartz schist; rocks; schist; trace; vol
• MAPPING HIGH-ANGLE BASEMENT FAULTS IN THE MIDDLE BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA FROM GRAVITY INVERSION SURFACE by Onyedim, G.C.; Alagoa, K.D.; Adedokun, I.O.; Aderogba, A.A.; Ovuru, C. (2009) - In this study of the middle Benue trough, Nigeria, gravity data for the area was bandpass filtered and inverted to generate a topographic surface map of the basement. In this cir- cumstance, this study was aimed at utilizing an indirect method to map faults and associated structures in the basement through the analysis and interpretation of gravity data. Keywords: area; basement; basins; benue; data; faults; gravity; map; middle; nigeria; surface; trough
• ELECTRICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR GROUNDWATER POLLUTION STUDIES: A CASE STUDY FROM TAMIL NADU STATE, SOUTH INDIA by K, Srinivasamoorthy; VS, Sarma; M, Vasantavigar; K, Vijayaraghavan; S, Chidambaram; R, Rajivganthi (2009) - The profile indicates that the area is underlined by varying high resistivity rock materials by sharp changes in their electrical resistivity values. The fourth survey conducted at Chellapuram indicates high resistivity rock materials which are layered and boundaries of the different re- sistivity materials are clearly defined by the sharp change in electrical resistivity. Keywords: area; contamination; depth; groundwater; imaging; india; resistivity; rock; study; survey; tamil; zone
• MAGNETIC AND PALAEOMAGNETIC STUDIES AS AN AID IN DECIPHERING GROUNDWATER FLOW: A CASE STUDY FROM DECCAN TRAPS by Krishnamacharyulu, S.K.G.; Poornachandra Rao, G.V.S. (2009) - The mag- netic anomalies along with palaeomagnetic studies are used to locate barriers obstructing groundwater flow in a basaltic terrain. This paper presents a novel idea on the utilization of the palaeomagnetic studies cou- pled with ground magnetic anomalies in deciphering groundwater flow. Keywords: anomalies; area; deccan; flow; groundwater; india; palaeomagnetic; studies; study
• VERTEBRATES OF THE MARÍLIA FORMATION (LATE MAASTRICHTIAN) FROM THE PEIRÓPOLIS PALEONTOLOGICAL SITE: TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING by A. Candeiro, Carlos Roberto (2009) - Correlação e extensão das unidades litoestratigráficas do Grupo Bauru, definidas em território paulista, nos estados de Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná. Morfologia del esqueleto axial de los dinosaurios Titanosaurios (Saurischia, Sauropoda) del estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Keywords: area; bauru; brazil; cretaceous; formation; gerais; julio; marília; minas; peirópolis; site; vertebrate; vol
• MINERALIZATION POTENTIALS OF PEGMATITES IN THE NASARAWA AREA OF CENTRAL NIGERIA by Akintola, O. F; Adekeye, J. I. D. (2008) - White Micas (Muscovites) in the Pegmatites The average chemical composition of the muscovites is typical of rare element pegmatites with high, F, Cs, Rb and Li (Deer et al., 1966; Gordiyenko, 1971) The low average Nb/Ta ra- tio for the muscovites (2.965) is still lower than the (4±0.7) upper limit diagnostic of Ta-pegmatites (Cerny, 1989). Keywords: african; area; bdl; elements; feldspars; mineralization; muscovites; nigeria; pan; pegmatites
• MATERIAL ASSIMILATION IN A SHALLOW DIAPIRIC FORCEFUL INTRUSION: EVIDENCE FROM MICROSTRUCTURES AND CSD ANALYSIS IN A PORPHYRITIC INTRUSIVE BODY, “LA LÍNEA” TUNNEL, CENTRAL CORDILLERA, COLOMBIA by Rayo, Lorena; Zuluaga, Carlos A. (2008) - This paper discusses the geology and geochemistry of the Nasarawa area in relation to the source and controls of mineraliza- tion of rare metal pegmatites in the Nasarawa area. It is also clear from this area that there are two distinct rare metal generating events associated with the Pan African orogeny viz: Enrichment of the rare metals in the fluid-rich and deuterically altered main phase Pan African granite G18 and the spatially/ge- netically related pagmatites. Keywords: african; analysis; area; biotite; central; colombia; complex; contact; csd; elements; emplacement; evidence; granites; low; metal; mineralization; nasarawa; nigeria; pan; pegmatites; plagioclase; quartz; rocks; samples; schist; zone
• MINERALIZATION CONTROLS AND PETROGENESIS OF THE RARE METAL PEGMATITES OF NASARAWA AREA, CENTRAL NIGERIA by O.F., Akintola; J.I.D, Adekeye (2008) - This paper discusses the geology and geochemistry of the Nasarawa area in relation to the source and controls of mineraliza- tion of rare metal pegmatites in the Nasarawa area. It is also clear from this area that there are two distinct rare metal generating events associated with the Pan African orogeny viz: Enrichment of the rare metals in the fluid-rich and deuterically altered main phase Pan African granite G18 and the spatially/ge- netically related pagmatites. Keywords: african; area; biotite; central; complex; elements; granites; metal; mineralization; nasarawa; nigeria; pan; pegmatites; quartz; rocks; zone
• MAPPING SUBSURFACE FORMATIONS ON THE EASTERN RED SEA COAST IN JORDAN USING GEOELECTRICAL TECHNIQUES: GEOLOGICAL AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS by Batayneh, Awni T. (2007) - Among the four types of curves, Type I and Type II curves show similar shape of field curves with layer resistivities decreasing with depth such that ρ1>ρ2>ρ3. Based on the lithological log from the K3028 borehole, the geological interpretation of the geoelectrical model for VES 4 and VES 5 (Fig. 2) is: (i) a resistive layer (500-1700 ohm-m) with variable thickness and moisture content at the surface, which consists of a mixture of gravel, silt, and sand; (ii) a thick clay and clayish sand layer having resistivity values of 30 to 40 ohm-m; and (iii) a saturated sandy layer with saline water having resistivity values of 1 to 10 ohm-m. FIELD RESULTS ANALYSIS OF VES CURVES Keywords: area; clay; curves; fig; jordan; layer; ohm; resistivity; sand; type; water
• APPLICATION OF GRAVIMETRY AND ELECTRIC TOMOGRAPHY METHODS TO OBTAIN STRATIGRAFIC PROFILES: CASE STUDY AT UNIVERSITY OF QUINDÍO AND PUERTO ESPEJO AREA, ARMENIA-COLOMBIA by Jaramillo Giraldo, Erika Cristina; Vega Manchola, Ximena; Monsalve Jaramillo, Hugo (2005) - Los resultados obtenidos son presentados en perfiles eléctricos y gravimétricos en Puerto Espejo y la Universidad del Quindío, los cuales fueron útiles como parámetros de calibración de los rangos de resistividad y gravimetría para los tipos de suelos encontrados en estas áreas de Colombia, dependiendo también de los factores de humedad y temperatura. Un modelo del Cuaternario del Quindío y Risaralda. Keywords: area; electric; espejo; figure; humidity; layers; profiles; puerto; quindío; resistivity; university; values
• An appraisal of the geologic structure beneath the Ikogosi warm spring in south-western Nigeria using integrated surface geophysical methods by J.S, Ojo; M. O, Olorunfemi; D. E, Falebita (2011) - The observed magnetic field data was corrected for diurnal variations and offset by subtracting base station regional magnetic field from magnetic field measurements taken along the traverse at synchronised times. Figure 3: Magnetic maps showing (a) the magnetic anomaly (nT) and (b) the horizontal gradient of the total field (nT/m). Keywords: area; field; figure; julio; magnetic; nigeria; quartzite; resistivity; spring; � �
• Geological and geophysical evaluation of the Ajana area’s groundwater potential, southwestern Nigeria by Stephen O, Ariyo; Adetayo F, Folorunso; O.M, Ajibade (2011) - AGOSTO 25-PORTADA GEOCIENCIAS-15-1 2011.prn D:\GEOCIENCIAS JULIO 2011\GEOCIENCIAS 15-1 JULIO 2011.vp jueves, 25 de agosto de 2011 11:28:18 p p p Composite 133 lpi at 45 degrees VES 3, 6, 8, 9 and 10 had good aquifer quality (layer resistivity and thickness), being favourable for groundwater exploitation based on the geoelectric layers so delineated. Geoelectric parameters The geoelectric layers derived from electrical sounding were described by two basic parameters – layers resistivity and thickness. Keywords: area; groundwater; layer; nigeria; resistivity; ves; � �
• Field guides for excursions to the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano and to the Romeral Fault System (Colombia), in the frame of the Neotectonics of arc-continent collision concepts by Vargas, Carlos A.; Mann, Paul; Borrero, Carlos (2011) - Eruption dynamics and petrology of the most recent eruptions of Nevado del Ruiz Colombia, South America, unpublished MSc. By 2003, the Nevado del Ruiz ice cap had lost as much as 52% of its area and roughly 30% of its volume (Thouret et al., 2007). Keywords: agosto; arc; area; caldas; colombia; complex; del; et al; fault; figure; julio; nevado; nrv; panama; plate; ruiz; slab; south; stop; subduction; tear; volcanic; volcano; zone
• Application of seismic refraction tomography for tunnel design in Santa Clara Mountain, San Juan, Argentina by Imhof, Armando Luis; Sánchez, Manuel; Calvo, Carlos; Martín, Adriana (2011) - El propósito del estudio geofísico fue determinar las variaciones de velocidad de ondas P en el interior del macizo rocoso a fin de inferir grado de fracturación y rigidez del mismo, donde a través del cual se proyecta construir un túnel vial de 290 m de longitud, que atravesará la montaña de forma casi perpendicular al eje de la misma, a 100 m de profundidad desde la cumbre. La metodología empleada con el nuevo sistema de generación de ondas sísmicas, así como la aplicación en este tipo de estructuras geológicas de la SRT, demostraron la posibilidad de obtener resultados satisfactorios para este tipo de estudios geofísicos con fines geotécnicos. Keywords: area; figure; geophysical; juan; methods; model; mountain; refraction; san; tomography; velocity; wave
• Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes in Madhuranthakam, Tamil Nadu, India by Brindha, K.; Elango, L. (2011) - Comparison of groundwater samples with BIS and WHO standards. Figure 4 shows the plot of groundwater samples grouped on the above basis. Keywords: area; groundwater; india; irrigation; purposes; quality; samples
• n engineering geological appraisal of the Chamshir dam foundation using DMR classification and kinematic analysis, southwest of Iran by Torabi Kaveh, Mehdi; Heidari, Mojtaba (2011) - Analysis consisted of rock mass classification and a kine- matic analysis of the dam foundation’s rock masses. Rock mass classifications were made in line with RMR and DMR classification for the dam foundation. Keywords: analysis; area; chamshir; classification; dam; dmr; engineering; foundation; left; mass; rock; site
• Application of seismic refraction tomography for tunnel design in Santa Clara Mountain, San Juan, Argentina by Imhof, Armando Luis; Sánchez, Manuel; Calvo, Carlos; Martín, Adriana (2011) - El propósito del estudio geofísico fue determinar las variaciones de velocidad de ondas P en el interior del macizo rocoso con el fin de inferir el grado de fracturación y rigidez del mismo, y proyectar la construcción de un túnel vial de 290 m de longitud, que atravesará la montaña de forma casi perpendicular al eje de la misma, a 100 m de profundidad desde la cumbre. La metodología empleada con el nuevo sistema de generación de ondas sísmicas, así como la aplicación en este tipo de estructuras geológicas de la SRT, demostraron la posibilidad de obtener resultados satisfactorios para este tipo de estudios geofísicos con fines geotécnicos. Keywords: area; figure; geophysical; juan; methods; model; mountain; refraction; san; tomography; velocity; wave
• Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes in Madhuranthakam, Tamil Nadu, India by K., Brindha; L., Elango (2011) - Comparison of groundwater samples with BIS and WHO standards. Figure 4 shows the plot of groundwater samples grouped on the above basis. Keywords: area; groundwater; india; irrigation; purposes; quality; samples
• An engineering geological appraisal of the Chamshir dam foundation using DMR classification and kinematic analysis, southwest of Iran by Torabi Kaveh, Mehdi; Heidari, Mojtaba (2011) - Analysis consisted of rock mass classification and a kine- matic analysis of the dam foundation’s rock masses. Rock mass classifications were made in line with RMR and DMR classification for the dam foundation. Keywords: analysis; area; chamshir; classification; dam; dmr; engineering; foundation; left; mass; rock; site
• The 1985 México earthquake by Moreno Murillo, Juan Manuel (1995) - Moment-Tensor spectra of the 19 sept. 85 and 20 sept. 85, Mlchoacan, Mexico earthquake, Geophys. Tectonic setting and source parameters of the September 19, 1985, Michoacan Mexico earthquake, Geophys. Keywords: american; area; city; damage; earthquake; event; figure; gap; lake; mexico; mexico city; mexico earthquake; michoacan; september; source; subduction; time; zone
• Estudio geoeléctrico en el valle alto del Rio Patía by Pérez Cerón, Rosalbina (1995) - La principal via de acceso la constituye la carretera Panamericana, a la cual convergen diferentes carreteras que comunican con los distintos municipios y caserlos de la zona (Fig.1) 1.2 Geologfa y geomorfologfa EI valle alto del Rfo Patla, esta constituido por una secuencia vulcano-sedimentaria terciaria y sedimentos recientes en depositos aluviales que conforman abanicos, terrazas y dep6sitos de coluvion, sobre un basamento cretaclco, (Torres et al., 1991) (Fig.2). Existen dos abanicos en la zona: abanico de Galindez constituido por niveles de arenas pumfticas y arenas cuarzo-teldespaticas de grana fino a grueso y abanico de Olaya, constituido por gravas en matriz arcillosa. Keywords: area; areniscas; con; del; entre; esta; las; los; ohm; por; profundidad; que; resistividades; rocas; secci6n; sedimentos; una; unidades; valle
• Modelamiento geoeléctrico y gravimétrico de un sector del suroeste de la Sabana de Bogotá by Briceno Guarupe, Luis Alberto; Arango Haupt, Irene (2000) - Guaduas, observado en las canteras del costado derecho, al norte de la Represa de Terreros. Por medio de la geofisica se intent6 determinar la continuidad en el subsuelo de las estructuras y unidades aflorantes y, asi mismo, establecer la geometria de las unidades que conforman la cuenca. Keywords: anomalia; arcillolitas; area; arenisca; base; bogota; como; con; de la; del; en el; entre; espesor; esta; estudio; falla; grupo; guadalupe; guaduas; hacia; hasta; la fm; las; los; muy; ohm; para; parte; por; presenta; que; resistividades; terreros; una; zona
• Actividad de la falla la salina a partir de instrumentación sismológica by Gómez, Ernesto; Castillo López, Luis Antonio (2003) - Si tomamos valores promedio de Vp = 5.5 km/s y Vs = 3.10 km/s (con Vs ' 0.58 Vp), entonces una diferencia de tiempo de arribo de la Fase P y de la S, P - S Mientras que en el sector de la flexion del Chucuri se presentan 22 eventos sismicos asociados a los principales trazos de la flexion que se ha denominado como falla del Chucuri 0 Keywords: actividad; area; chucuri; como; con; del; dentro; entre; estudio; eventos; falla; figura; las; los; para; por; proyecto; que; red; rio; salina; sismicidad; sismos; sogamoso; una
• Caracterización preliminar de la susceptibilidad sísmica en el entorno de la localidad de Sampacho, Córdoba, Argentina by Romina, Daga; Grosso, Virginia; Sagripanti, Guillermo; Villegas, Monica; Villalba, Diego (2003) - En una region sismicamente activa, el desconocimiento de la posicion y comportamiento del nivel freatico y de la respuesta de los materiales que forman el subsuelo frente a una agitacion sismica puede generar graves dafios en las estructuras edilicias emplazadas en la zona, como es el caso de la poblacion en es- tudio. Geottsic a Colombiana N° 7 pp. 24-29 diciembre de 2003 Bogota, D.C. ISSN • 0121 - 2974 Caracterlzacion preliminar de la susceptibilidad sismica en el entorno de la localidad de Sampacho, Cordoba, Argentina DAGA ROMINA VIRGINIA GROSSO GUILLERMO SAGRIPANTI MONICA VILLEGAS DIEGO VILLALBA Departamento de Geologia. Keywords: area; argentina; como; con; cordoba; del; esta; estudio; finos; freatico; las; localidad; los; materiales; nivel; para; por; preliminar; profundidad; que; region; sampacho; sismica; son; susceptibilidad; una; unidad
• Interpreting gravity anomalies in south Cameroon, central Africa by Shandini, Yves; Tadjou, Jean Marie (2012) - Isostatic residual Bouguer gravity map of the study area Interpreting gravity anomalies in south Cameroon, central Africa 9 metric gradient led to identifying the main faults responsible for structur- ing the studied area and so obtaining indications regarding their dip The study area was characterised by one gravity anomaly in the south charac- terised by having a long wavelength and high anomaly expression in the north Low gravity anomaly expression was associated with granite intru- sions while high gravity anomaly expression was associated with basement outcrop These two areas were separated by a pronounced E-W lineament recognised on both Bouguer and isostatic residual gravity maps and was interpreted as being a basement fault references Abdelsalam, M G , Liégeois, J P and R J Stern (2002): The Saharan meta- craton Journal of African Earth Sciences, 34, 119–136 Archibald, N and F Bochetti (1999): Multiscale edge analysis of potential field data Explor Geophys , 30, 38-44 Blakely, R J and R W Simpson (1986): Map showing the distribution of interpreted gravity faults in the area being studied Arrows indicate dip direction figure 5. Keywords: anomaly; area; bouguer; cameroon; data; gravity; map; south; study
• Analysis of aeromagnetic data over Wamba and its adjoining areas in north-central Nigeria by Anudu, G K; Onuba, L N; Onwuemesi, A G; Ikpokonte, A E (2012) - V16N1C.indb EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL MAGNETIC EXPLORATION METHODS Earth Sci Res SJ Vol 16, No 1 (June, 2012): 25 - 33 Introduction The magnetic method is one of the best geophysical techniques used for determining depth to magnetic source bodies (and possibly sediment thickness) and delineating subsurface structures Large-scale aeromagnetic surveys have been used to locate faults, shear zones and fractures Such zones may serve as potential hosts for a variety of minerals and may be used as guidance for exploration of the epigenetic, stress-related minerali- sation in the surrounding rocks (Paterson and Reeves, 1985) Corresponding author E-mail: anudugoodluck@yahoo co uk; goodluck anudu@abdn ac uk ABSTRACT An aeromagnetic intensity contour map of Wamba was acquired, digitised and analysed The study was aimed at mapping metalliferous mineral deposits in basement rocks, delineating structural lineaments and their trends as well as estimating the depth to magnetic source bodies Regional- Keywords: aeromagnetic; area; basement; data; figure; intensity; map; residual; rocks; trends; wamba
• Subsurface cavity detection in a karst environment using electrical resistivity (er): a case study from yongweol-ri, South Korea by Farooq, Muhammad; et, al (2012) - It also shows weak rock and/or clay-filled cavities and that the corresponding resistivity images identified low resistivity areas within the study region Subsurface cavity detection in a karst environment using electrical resistivity (er): a case study from yongweol-ri, South Korea 81 0 5 10 15 20 25 Line 5 BH 106 D ep th (m et er ) Distance (meter) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 figure 8. Inverted field resistivity data obtained from survey lines 1 to 4 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 (RMS) misfit between observed and model pseudosection is achieved Re- sistivity differences normally correspond to changes in subsurface materi- als or pore fluids Synthetic modelling Synthetic modelling was carried out prior to field data acquisition in this study for deciding on a suitable electrode array to be used during data acquisition EM2DMODEL numerical forward model software (South Ko- rean Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources’ Geo-electrical Imag- ing Laboratory) was used to simulate subsurface cavity electrical response A finite element algorithm was used to calculate direct response (apparent resistivity) from a set of resistivity models intended to reflect cavity area pat- tern The resulting apparent resistivity from forward modelling was input into DIPRO software and inverted into earth resistivity models The for- ward model tested (Figure 2) had three layers having 20 -m, 70 -m and 500 -m resistivity; 70 -m was selected to represent the top layer of overbur- den material (weathered soils), 20 -m a subsurface cavity in the bedrock and 500 -m bedrock resistivity (i e limestone) Keywords: area; array; cavity; d ep; dipole; figure; karst; resistivity; subsurface
• Groundwater potential zonation by Remote Sensing and GIS techniques and its relation to the Groundwater level in the Coastal part of the Arani and Koratalai River Basin, Southern India by Suganthi, S; Elango, L; Subramanian, S K (2013) - Further, it was identified that the existing well fields are located in regions with high groundwater potential zones. Hence, the present study was carried out with the objec- tive of mapping the spatial distribution of groundwater potential zones in the Arani and Koratalai river basin, which will assist in the proper develo- pment of groundwater resources in this area. Keywords: area; density; drainage; figure; gis; groundwater; india; map; potential; rainfall; sensing; study; zones
• Hydrogeochemistry and Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in the Southern Part of the Yellow River Alluvial Plain (Zhongwei Section), Northwest China by Li, Peiyue; Wu, Jianhua; Qian, Hui (2014) - Assessment of groundwater quality and hydrogeochemistry of Manimuktha River basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes and identification of hydrogeochemical evolution mechanisms in Pengyang County, China. Keywords: aquifer; area; ca2; china; dissolution; fig; groundwater; hco3; irrigation; na+; plain; quality; river; samples; study; tds; water quality; yellow
• DRASTIC-based methodology for assessing groundwater vulnerability in the Gümüşhacıköy and Merzifon basin (Amasya, Turkey) by Ersoy, Arzu Firat; Gültekin, Fatma (2013) - Vol. 17, No. 1 (June, 2013): 33 - 40 DRASTIC-based methodology for assessing groundwater vulnerability in the Gümüşhacıköy and Merzifon basin (Amasya, Turkey) The concept of groundwater vulnerability to contamination was in- troduced in the 1960s in France by Margat (1968). Keywords: aquifer; area; basin; drastic; ersoy; figure; groundwater; gümüşhacıköy; map; media; merzifon; study; vulnerability
• Metal speciation in sediments from crude oil prospecting in the coastal area of Ondo State, Nigeria by Olu-Owolabi, Bamidele I.; Agunbiade, Foluso O.; Adebowale, Kayode O. (2013) - The use of metal species in now being adopted (Ianni et al., 2000; Korfali and Davies, 2004). 723±38 15.6±1.1 4.49±0.3 4.24±0.4 Table 1: Total concentration of metal species in sediment from the Ondo coastal area Figure 1. Keywords: area; carbonate; crude; figure; fraction; metal; metal species; oil; organic; sediments; site; species
• Human health risk due to trace element contamination in groundwater from the Anjani and Jhiri river catchment area in northern Maharashtra, India by GOLEKAR, RUSHIKESH BABURAO; BARIDE, MUKUND VASANT; PATIL, SANJAYKUMAR NARAYAN (2013) - Manganese Mn concentration during the pre-monsoon 2011 season ranged from 0.003 ppm to 0.026 (average 0.010 ppm) and ranged from BDL to 0160 Table 2.Trace elements in ground water samples from the Anjani and Jhiri River catchment area, northern Maharashtra, India Sample ID Fe Fe Average Zn Zn Average Cu Cu Average Season pre 2011 post 2011 pre 2011 post 2011 pre 2011 post 2011 1 0.0469 0.0362 0.0416 0.4269 0.1963 0.3116 0.0019 0.0012 0.0016 2 0.0634 0.0644 0.0639 0.1196 0.2034 0.1615 0.0096 0.0062 0.0079 3 0.0963 BDL 0.0963 0.1369 0.1481 0.1425 0.0062 0.0122 0.0092 4 0.0063 BDL 0.0063 0.0962 0.0882 0.0922 BDL 0.0012 0.0012 5 0.0696 0.0326 0.0511 0.1369 0.1228 0.1299 Water level pre- monsoon 2011 Water level post- monsoon 2011 1 20.98 75.28 232.6 14.6 10.6 2 20.86 75.36 216.9 6.5 4 3 20.91 75.32 212.6 9.5 7 4 20.9 75.33 211.8 * * 5 20.94 75.32 222 12.6 8.9 6 20.83 75.38 218.9 9.5 7.5 7 21.01 75.27 232.4 * * 8 21.01 75.26 220.6 10.5 6.5 9 21.01 75.28 224.6 12.9 7.9 10 20.99 75.29 238.2 11.6 8.5 (MASL indicates metres above sea-level, * bore/tube well water) Human health risk due to trace element contamination in groundwater from the Anjani and Jhiri river catchment area in northern Maharashtra, India Table 3.Trace elements in ground water sample from Anjani and Jhiri river catchment area, Northern Maharashtra, India Sample ID Ni Ni Average Mn Mn Average Pb Pb Average Cd Cd Average Season pre 2011 post 2011 pre 2011 post 2011 pre 2011 post 2011 pre 2011 post 2011 1 0.2966 0.0263 0.1615 0.026 0.16 0.093 0.846 0.637 0.7415 0.096 0.057 0.0765 2 0.1963 0.2605 0.2284 0.005 0.002 0.0035 0.09 0.367 0.2285 0.316 0.095 0.2055 3 0.1789 0.1787 0.1788 0.003 0.002 0.0025 0.036 0.018 0.027 0.096 0.042 0.069 4 0.3216 0.2916 0.3066 0.006 BDL 0.006 0.006 1.516 0.761 0.896 BDL 0.896 5 0.3606 0.3245 0.3426 0.006 BDL 0.006 0.089 0.958 0.5235 1.026 0.126 0.576 6 0.1789 0.1978 0.1884 0.004 BDL 0.004 0.079 0.56 0.3195 0.79 0.095 0.4425 7 0.0695 0.0618 0.0657 0.01 BDL 0.01 0.046 0.186 0.116 0.169 0.047 0.108 8 0.3165 0.3498 0.3332 0.016 Keywords: area; average; bdl; ground; monsoon; ppm; study; trace; water
• Spatio-temporal variability of groundwater depth in the Eghlid aquifer in southern Iran by Delbari, Masoomeh; Bahraini Motlagh, Masoud; Amiri, Meysam (2013) - Groundwater depth fluctuation (m) maps from 1997 to 2010 for the wet and dry seasons Spatio-temporal variability of groundwater depth in the Eghlid aquifer in southern Iran 114 variables. Vol. 17, No. 2 (December, 2013): 105 - 114 Spatio-temporal variability of groundwater depth in the Eghlid aquifer in southern Iran Masoomeh Delbari1*, Masoud Bahraini Motlagh2 and Meysam Amiri3 1 Associate Professor in the Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran, Tel: +98/542/2232113-8, Fax: +98/542/2255133, *Corresponding author Email: mas_delbari@yahoo.com 2 Graduated M.Sc. Keywords: area; depth; dry; figure; groundwater; groundwater depth; kriging; seasons; study; variability; wells
• An approximate method for estimating nutrient loads in drainage water from a coastal irrigated area by Giakoumakis, S.; Alexakis, D.; Gotsis, D. (2013) - 6.2 6.2 7.8 35.0 The estimated values of the mean monthly inflows for the period of the years 2000-2010 (precipitation, irrigation water) and outflows (potential evapotranspiration, drainage water) in the study area are presented in Fig. The annual volume of drainage water from the study area is greater than that of irrigation water, which is percolated into the soil by sprinkler irrigation, because drainage water is also composed of runoff from precipitation. Keywords: area; drainage; irrigation; loads; study; water
• Analysis of aeromagnetic data for interpretation of seismicity at Fayoum-Cairo area, Egypt by Khalil, Ahmed Bakr; Toni, Mostafa; Hassoup, Awad; Mansour, Khamis (2014) - RTP is a filtering technique used to align the peaks and gradients of magnetic anomalies directly over their sources. The high magnetic anomalies in the northwestern side can be attributed to the occurrence of basic intrusions of the subsurface with high magnetic contents; the axes of the fault as well as the directions of magnetic anomalies are trend to the NW-SE and NE-SW in the northwestern, central and the southern parts. Keywords: aeromagnetic; anomalies; area; cairo; data; earthquake; egypt; magnetic; map
• Sand dunes of the Gaza Strip (southwestern Palestine): morphology, textural characteristics and associated environmental impacts by Ubeid, Khalid Fathi; Albatta, Alhasan S. (2014) - Regional map showing the distribution of sand dunes in the northern Sinai Desert, which extends from the Nile Delta eastwards into northwestern Negev and Gaza Strip (after Dan & Raz, 1970; Bartov, 1990).The large NE arrow marks the westerly winds prevalent during sand incursion (e.g. Amit et al., 2006; Enzel et al., 2010). Sand dunes are concentrated in Africa, Australia and Asia, where approximately half of the sand dunes have stable, fixed configurations. Keywords: area; dunes; figure; gaza; gaza strip; israel; palestine; sand; sand dunes; size; strip; town
• The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling by Zhang, Xiaoning; Dong, Yunpeng (2016) - Ames et al., 1996; Zhang et al., 1996a; Hacker et al., 1998; Meng and Zhang, 1999; Faure et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2001; Ratschbacher et al., 2003, 2006; Dong et al., 2011a,b,c, 2012a,b; Bader et al., 2013a,b; Dong et al., 2013; Li et al., 2015; Dong et al., 2016). According to previous studies (e.g. Jiang et al., 1982; Xu et al., 1986; He et al., 1997, 1999; Zhang et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2003; Dong et al., 2006; Li et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2006; Luo et al., 2007; Dong et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2010; Dong et al., 2011b; Wang et al., 2011, 2013), we assume that the bending conditions might include: 1) the North Qinling moves towards south; 2) the Yangtze Block moves towards north; 3) the irregular margin of blocks produces dextral shearing and lateral extrusions in Dabashan area; 4) Hannan- Micangshan terrane, Foping dome, Shennongjia-Huangling anticline, as well as Wudang dome act as baffles to hold down the thrust nappe (Fig. 2). Keywords: arc; area; belt; china; dabashan; deformation; displacement; dong et; et al; fault; fig; material; model; nappe; north; qinling; south; structure; tectonic; thrust; zhang; zhang et
• Debris flow susceptibility mapping in a portion of the Andes and Preandes of San Juan, Argentina using frequency ratio and logistic regression models by Esper, Maria Yanina (2013) - In this study, the frequency ratio and logistic regression models are applied and verified for the analysis of debris flow susceptibility in a portion of the Dry Frontal Andes and Occidental Preandes of San Juan at approximately 30°S latitude, through aninvestigation based on a Geographic Information System (GIS). Both models helped to produce debris flow susceptibility maps that classified susceptibility into five categories: very low, low, mo- derate, high and very high. Keywords: area; argentina; debris; debris flow; elevation; figure; flow; frequency; models; radiation; ratio; regression; san; slope; susceptibility
• Contrasting styles of lead-zinc-barium mineralization in the Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria by Oha, Ifeanyi Andrew; Onuoha, Kalu Mosto; Dada, Silas Sunday (2017) - ABSTRACT Keywords: Lead-Zinc-Barium mineralization, Benue Trough, epigenetic, vein deposits. RESUMEN Palabras clave: Mineralización Plomo-Zinc-Bario, Benue Trough, Epigénesis, Vetas. Keywords: area; barite; barium; benue; benue trough; deposits; gabu; geology; group; ishiagu; lead; mineralization; nigeria; rocks; shales; trough; wanikande; zinc
• Letter from the editor by Vargas J., Carlos A. (2013) - Coming from Turkey, other study shows the preparation of vulnerability maps to prevent contami- nation in aquifers. Results of this work showed how high salinity levels may have formed in near sur- face aquifers in natural inland delta environments in semi-arid areas. Keywords: area; iran; journal; study
• Shear-wave velocity structure of Australia from Rayleigh-wave analysis by Corchete, Víctor (2014) - Regionalization of group velocities The above-described group velocities constitute the dispersion curves to be considered for regionalization. The geographical distribution of group velocities shown in Figure 6, presents the highest values for the consolidated and old structures. Keywords: area; australia; depth; depth range; dispersion; figure; group velocity; study; values; velocity; velocity structure; velocity values; wave; wave velocity
• Shear-wave Velocity Structure of Greenland from Rayleigh-wave Analysis by Corchete, V. (2016) - (d) Group velocities calculated from the group times and the epicentral distance (group velocity is the epicentral distance divided by the group time for each period). Regionalization of group velocities The above-described group velocities constitute the dispersion curves to be considered for regionalization. Keywords: area; depth; depth range; figure; greenland; range; study; study area; values; velocity; velocity structure; velocity values; wave; wave velocity
• The effects of ex-situ oil shale mining on groundwater resources in Siwaqa area, southern Jordan, using DRASTIC index and hydrochemical water assessment by Mohammad, Alsharifa Hind; Alkurdi, Omid; Salameh, Elias (2016) - Energy resources in addition to water resources are the most limited resources in Jordan, being one of the fourth poorest countries in water resources, and limitation of surface water resources put huge pressure on groundwater which is the main resource there. High expenses and the increasing prices of oil over all worlds increase the feasibility to mining the oil shale that exists in southern Jordan area, Siwaqa. Keywords: aquifer; area; formation; groundwater; jordan; limestone; oil; resources; shale; study; study area; table; vulnerability; water
• Spatial distribution of sediment pollution in the Khajeh Kory River using Kriging and GIS by Zare, Maryam (2014) - Conclusion: The conducted studies revealed that geochemical characteristics and river contamination differ at various points. Using this method, the length of the river from its source to the sea estuary was characterized based on the contamination of heavy metals, and contaminated and unpolluted areas in river sediments could be observed. Keywords: area; contamination; data; enrichment; khajeh; kory; map; method; pollution; river; sample; sediments
• Proceedings. First Assembly of the Latin-America and Caribbean Seismological Commission - LACSC by Third Latin-American Congress of Seismology, Third Latin-American Congress of Seismol (2014) - Así mismo se detectaron incrementos antes de la ocurrencia de enjambres sísmicos de tipo volcano-tectónico. antonio.gomez@mi.ingv.it ABSTRACT El Piedemonte Llanero colombiano está configurado geomorfológicamente por el Sistema de Fallas de la Falla Frontal de la Cordillera Oriental (SFFFCO). Keywords: 3d de; abril de; abstract; abstract el; acelerógrafos de; además de; agosto de; america; analysis; antes de; análisis de; aplicación de; area; atenuación de; autónoma de; base de; bloque de; brazil; calidad de; campo de; caracterización de; caribbean; caso de; central de; cerca de; ciencias departamento; ciudad de; colombiano; como; como de; como la; comportamiento de; con el; con la; con los; con un; conjunto de; crustal; cuenca de; curvas de; cálculo de; data; de aceleración; de actividad; de acuerdo; de adquisición; de alta; de amenaza; de amplitudes; de apoyo; de armenia; de baja; de bogotá; de cada; de calibración; de caracas; de chile; de ciencias; de colombia; de completitud; de concepción; de construcción; de corte; de costa; de cúcuta; de datos; de densidad; de desastres; de desplazamiento; de diferencias; de enero; de esfuerzos; de estaciones; de estos; de eventos; de febrero; de fluidos; de fonseca; de forma; de fuentes; de geoamenazas; de geociencias; de geofísica; de gestión; de geófonos; de gran; de información; de ingeniería; de intensidad; de inundación; de investigaciones; de j.; de jalisco; de janeiro; de junio; de la; de los; de managua; de manera; de manto; de mecanismos; de mediciones; de monitoreo; de méxico; de nazca; de nicaragua; de nuevas; de octubre; de ondas; de panamá; de popayán; de prevención; de protección; de pós; de radón; de rayleigh; de referencia; de riesgos; de rivera; de roca; de ruido; de san; de santa; de señales; de sitio; de so2; de su; de são; de tipo; de trabajo; de tsunami; de un; de urabá; de velocidad; de venezuela; del; departamento de; depth; desarrollo de; después de; determinación de; dinámica de; dirección de; dispersión de; distribución de; earth sciences; earthquake; el cual; el de; el departamento; el método; el sismo; el valle; el volcán; elaboración de; elkin de; en el; en la; en los; en un; entre el; entre la; equipos de; este; estudio de; evaluación de; events; existencia de; facultad de; fault; field; funcionamiento de; generación de; geociencias research; geológica de; geológico; geophysics earth; geophysics el; golfo de; hazard; herramienta de; histórica de; implementación de; instalación de; instituto de; inversion; inversión de; issue; j. vol; july; keywords; km y; la ciudad; la distribución; la estructura; la falla; la fuente; la información; la inversión; la red; la región; la sismicidad; la zona; laboratorio de; largo de; las; localización de; los sismos; m de; magnitud de; magnitude; mantle; mapas de; mayo de; medio de; modelo de; models; momento de; motion; más de; método de; nacional de; network; nevada de; new; nivel de; norte de; noviembre de; observatorio de; occidente de; oriente de; para el; para la; para los; parte de; partir; parámetros de; periodo de; pico de; placa de; plate; por el; por la; presencia de; procesamiento de; proceso de; programa de; propagación de; que el; que la; que se; rango de; red de; redes de; region; regional; registros de; región de; relación de; research group; research journal; results; rio de; régimen de; sciences research; seismic; seismicity; servicio; simulación de; sismo de; sismológico de; sismos; sistema de; sobre la; source; south; stations; structure; subduction; surface; sísmica de; sísmico; tasas de; temporal de; terremoto de; time; tomografía de; técnicas de; universidad de; universidad nacional; university; uso de; valle de; valores de; velocity; venezolana de; volcano; volcánica de; vulcanológico y; wave; y con; y de; y el; y en; y la; y los; y que; y se; y sismológico; y su; y una; zona de; zone; área de
• Gis Based SCS - CN Method For Estimating Runoff In Kundahpalam Watershed, Nilgries District, Tamilnadu by Raja, Viji (2015) - ArcCN-Runoff: an ArcGIS tool for generating curve number and runoff maps, Environmental Modelling & Software, 27-04-04 13:11:52 3B2 Ver.: The 30% of the study area fell under very high runoff potential, and 2% of study area fell under high runoff potential. Keywords: area; land; map; rainfall; runoff; soil; study; use; watershed
• Study of the mineralization potential of the intrusives around Valis (Tarom-Iran) by Bahajroy, Mojtaba; Taki, Saeed (2014) - Special indicator minerals can indicate the economic concentrations of some metallic rare elements; for example, the existence of tourmaline and topaz in granitoid bodies can imply tin mineralization as cassiterite. Peyrovan, H., (1992) Petrographic, petrologic and geochemical studies of intrusive rocks north of Abhar and the association of plutonism in the area with mineralization, MSc thesis, Tarbiyat Moalem University. Keywords: area; bodies; figure; granites; granitoids; intrusives; iran; mineralization; rocks; study; study area; tarom; valis
• Electromagnetic Measurements for Monitoring Molybdenum Contamination in Near-Surface Survey by Kanli, Ali Ismet; Neducza, Boriszlav (2015) - In the second stage of the field study, GPR data were obtained from 50 MHZ and 450 MHz antennas. To increase the penetration depth, we recorded GPR data at 50 MHz lower frequency. Keywords: area; contamination; data; depth; electromagnetic; figure; gpr; measurements; mhz; molybdenum
• Altimetric and hypsometric analysis for soil and water conservation: A case study of Anjani and Jhiri river basin, Northern Maharashtra, India by Golekar, Rushikesh Baburao; Baride, Mukund Vasantrao; Patil, Sanjaykumar Narayan; Adil, S H (2015) - This type of structure can be constructed in the lower part of the Anjani and Jhiri river catchment, mainly at Ahire Bk, Pashtane Bk and Tarde Bk villages in Anjani river basin and at Vaktuki, Anjan vihire and Jhurkheda village in Jhiri river basin. 55Altimetric and hypsometric analysis for soil and water conservation: A case study of Anjani and Jhiri river basin, Northern Maharashtra, India Hydrogeomorphological characters of Jhiri river basin Moderately dissected plateau Moderately dissected plateau is mainly distributed in the upper part of the Jhiri river catchment (Fig. 4). Keywords: anjani; area; basin; hypsometric; india; jhiri; jhiri river; longitudinal; maharashtra; plateau; river; river basin; stage; study; water
• Petrology and mineralogy of the Fenghuanshan granodiorite, Anhui Province, China: implications for petrogenesis and metallogenesis implication by Aiping, Zhang; Du, Yangsong; Cao, Yi; Pang, Zhenshan; Luo, Gan; Xu, Kangkang (2015) - As such, this suggests the magma that formed the intrusion underwent typical assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) processes (Liu et al., 2002; Mao et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2008; Qu et al., 2010; Li et al., 2014). Keywords: amphibole; area; china; copper; deposit; et al; fenghuangshan; granodiorite; intrusion; magma; ore; plagioclase
• Occurrence of Cr-bearing beryl in stream sediment from Eskişehir, NW Turkey by Erkoyun, Hülya; Kadir, Selahattin (2016) - Infrared Spectroscopy spectra for an Eskişehir beryl crystal. Representative beryl crystal samples were prepared for SEM-EDX analyses by adhering each beryl sample onto an aluminum sample holder that had been covered with double-sided tape and coated with a thin film (~ 350 Å) of gold using a Giko ion coater at Eskișehir Osmangazi University. Keywords: area; beryl; chromium; crystals; deposits; emerald; eskişehir; ppm; rocks; schist; sediment; stream; study; units
• Case Study of the Characteristics and Dynamic Process of July 10, 2013, Catastrophic Debris Flows in Wenchuan County, China by Hu, Guisheng; Chen, Ningsheng; Tanoli, Javed Iqbal; You, Yong; Li, Jun (2016) - The reconstructed towns of Yingxiu, Yinxing and Miansi have suffered debris flows and other secondary disasters in the past five years and are still not out of danger in the future. Also, the dynamic processes and changes that occurred in the debris flow were examined, and the block and burst characteristics of debris flow were studied based on statistical calculation and analysis dynamic characteristic parameters of debris flow. Keywords: area; characteristics; chen; china; debris; debris flow; earthquake; figure; flows; gully; rainfall; size; stone; table; wenchuan
• Using GIS And Geophysics In Selecting Suitable Basins With Freshwater Aquifers For An Efficient Exploration Strategy - A Case Study From Petra-Region, Jordan by Al Farajat, Mohammmad; Schaefers, Bernhard; Al Hassanat, Hussein; Al Atteyat, Nedal; Al Jahed, Nidal; Khataibeh, Jamal (2015) - Wadi Al Baida area is cross-cut by a major sinistral strike-slip fault (Ras Mulayh Fault) trending about 35o. Figure 4: Geological map of Wadi Al Baida area and its surrounding, the symbols below point to the rock formations. Keywords: aquifers; area; basin; depth; farajat; figure; gravity; groundwater; jordan; petra; region; resistivity; sandstone; study; surface; table
• Strain Rate Analysis on the Çankiri-Bingöl Segment of the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey by Yavasoglu, Hakan (2015) - Barka, 1992, 1996; Barka et al., 2000). Karlıova (Region-5) is a very complex zone (Barka et al., 1987; Sengor and Yılmaz, 1981). Keywords: anatolian; area; et al; fault; gps; nafz; north; plate; rate; slip; strain; study; zone; çankırı
• Magmatic Evolution and Compositional Characteristics of Tertiary Volcanic Rocks Associated with the Venarch Manganese Mineralization, Sw Qom, Central Iran by Mahdavi, Mansoureh; Dabiri, Rahim; Shah Hosseini, Elham (2015) - The Mn mineralization in Venarch deposit has occurred as bands, lami- nates, and manganese layers concurrent with the other volcano-sedimentary rocks. Analytical methods A suite of 60 samples was collected from the mineralized zones and associated volcanic rocks representing different lithologies in the area. Keywords: area; deposits; iran; manganese; mineralization; rocks; samples; venarch
• Geospatial Analysis for the Determination of Hydro-Morphological Characteristics and Assessment of Flash Flood Potentiality in Arid Coastal Plains: A Case in Southwestern Sinai, Egypt by Wahid, Ahmed; Madden, Marguerite; Khalaf, Fikry; Fathy, Ibtehal (2016) - Study area receives rare, but sometimes noticeable and irregular, amounts of rainfall mainly in winter and autumn where summer is a dry season (JICA, 1999; Ghodeif, 2001). The highest CN and runoff values are noticed in the eastern mountainous basement heights in contrast to coastal areas and gravelly plains. Keywords: area; development; egypt; figure; flash; flash flood; flood; journal; land; plain; rainfall; runoff; sinai; soil; study; study area; water
• Soil sealing in Madrid (Spain), study case of Colmenar Viejo by Arístegui Cortijo, Andrés; Pérez González, María Eugenia (2017) - This work analyses soil loss over the last 150 years due to urban growth in one of the boroughs of highest environmental value around Madrid (Spain), i.e. Colmenar Viejo. Urban growth in Colmenar Viejo has been steady, has registered exponential increases (soil sealing affected 0.14% of the total municipal territory in 1861 and covers 2.64% nowadays) and has followed similar patterns to other Spanish towns influenced by metropolitan processes. Keywords: area; colmenar; growth; madrid; maps; population; sealing; soil; spain; urban; viejo
• GIS-based assessment of aquifer vulnerability using DRASTIC Model: A case study on Kodaganar basin by Colins, Johnny; Sashikkumar, M. C.; Anas, P. A.; Kirubakaran, M. (2016) - Hydraulic conductivity map DRASTIC vulnerability index: The DRASTIC aquifer vulnerability map is shown in figure 9. Topography map The unsaturated or vadose zone plays a prominent role in the assessment of groundwater vulnerability. Keywords: aquifer; area; basin; drastic; groundwater; index; map; media; model; parameter; sensitivity; study; vulnerability
• Development of Tropical Lowland Peat Forest Phasic Community Zonations in the Kota Samarahan-Asajaya area, West Sarawak, Malaysia by Mohamad, Mohamad Tarmizi; Fatt, Ng Tham; Konjing, Zainey; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel (2016) - From 1.5 to 1.0 m, the presence of peat pollen types that may support the vegetational successions or zones ranging from phasic community I and phasic community IV to VI is noted (Anderson and Muller, 1975). However, peak abundance of Stenochlaena palustris occurs at this interval, thus signifying vegetation succession of phasic community I. From 1.0 to 0.5 m, at approximately 2380 ± 30 years B.P., the presence of peat pollen types that may support the vegetational succession of phasic community zones that range from phasic community I to VI is observed (Anderson and Muller, 1975). Keywords: anderson; area; community; deposits; forest; interval; ks.tp.10; lowland; mangrove; peat; phasic; pollen; swamp; type
• Optimization of land use at Mt. Yuelu scenic area: an analysis using the ecological green equivalent by Chen, Xi; Wang, Ke-lin; Zhou, Wei-jun; Li, Hong-bin; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel (2016) - First, there is ecological green equivalent land, characterized by its ability to be quantified regarding ecological mechanisms carried out by forest ecosystems. J. Vol. 20, No. 1 (March, 2016): N1 -N5 ABSTRACT Keywords: Ecological green equivalent, land use structure, landscape, scenic area, forest, China. Keywords: area; ecosystem; equivalent; forest; green; land; land use; research; structure; use; yuelu
• Experimental study of petrophysical properties of a tight formation by considering the clay minerals and flow sensitivities by Liu, Guangfen; Li, Shoujun; Gu, Daihong; Lu, Yang; Asamoah, Emmanuel (2016) - 4.1 Water and Salt Sensitivity Evaluation Among reservoir clay minerals, montmorillonite has the strongest effect on water sensitivity; even a tiny amount of montmorillonite caused very strong sensitivity. Influence of clay mineral content on porosity and permeability. Keywords: area; chang; clay; content; figure; formation; illite; minerals; permeability; porosity; reservoir; sensitivity; zhenbei
• Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Udayagiri area, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, South India Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques by Nagaraju, Arveti; Thejaswi, Arveti; Sreedhar, Yenamala (2016) - The multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) is an approach to classify groundwater samples and make correlation between variables (Hussain et al. 2008). Results and Discussion From the geochemical analyses of groundwater samples as depicted in Table 1, the pH is in range of 6.98 to 7.70 indicates its suitability for irrigation. Keywords: analysis; area; chemistry; correlation; groundwater; india; multivariate; nagaraju; pradesh; quality; samples; study
• Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater and Its Spatial Distribution in Urban area of Zhumadian City by Zhongpei, Liu; Jianhua, Ping; Yuping, Han (2016) - The results show that shallow groundwater is mainly of HCO3-Ca type. Study on chemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in the urban area of Zhumadian City is conductive to understand further of typical features of current shallow groundwater in the area. Keywords: area; characteristics; chemical; city; figure; groundwater; resources; study; urban; zhumadian
• Study of distribution of remaining oil in West Block of the Third District in North Saertu by Wei, Huabin; Zhu, Huanlai; Shi, Shangming; Yang, Xinliang; Zhang, Jingjun; Wang, Jian; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel (2016) - Identifying remaining oil distribution is an essential study at the Third District in North Saertu of the West Block in Daqing Oilfield. ABSTRACT RESUMEN Keywords: Remaining oil distribution, 3D geological modeling, Numerical reservoir simulation, Sedimentary microfacies, North Saertu. Keywords: area; block; distribution; north; oil; production; reservoir; saertu; study; water
• Rb-Sr Isotopic Geochronology and Geological Implications of Dongfeng Gold Deposit in Jiaodong Area by Zongyong, Wang; Xin, Han; Guxian, LV; Xunyu, Zhang; Yingchun, Zhang; Xiao, Fan; Qinglong, Huo; Yaqing, Xu (2016) - J. Vol. 20, No. 1 (March, 2016): I1 - I7 ABSTRACT Keywords: Rb–Sr isochron, (87Sr/86Sr) ratio, mineralization, Dongfeng gold deposit, Jiaodong gold-centralized area. Feng et al. (2009) studied the ore-forming conditions, ore body characteristics and wall rock alteration about the No.171 gold vein of Dongfeng gold deposit. Keywords: abstract; area; chinese; deposit; dongfeng; dongfeng gold; gold; gold deposit; jiaodong; mineralization; ore
• Integrating Geochemical Anomaly and Remote Sensing Methods to Predict Oil- and Gas-Bearing Areas in the Yanchang Oil Field, Ordos Basin, China by Guo, Jianming; Fan, Hailong; Wang, Xiangzeng; Zhang, Lixia; Ren, Laiyi; He, Yonghong; Ma, Fanxia; Meng, Wangcai; Bai, Xiaoyin; Yin, Jintao (2019) - Carbon isotopic characteristics of hydrocarbon gases from coal-measure source rocks—A thermal simulation experiment. Hyperspectral remote sensing anomalies (a. carbonate alteration, b. iron anomalies, and c. hydrocarbon index) 83Integrating Geochemical Anomaly and Remote Sensing Methods to Predict Oil- and Gas-Bearing Areas in the Yanchang Oil Field, Ordos Basin, China A certain weight was assigned to each anomaly index: hydrocarbon anomaly 0.5, carbonate anomaly 0.3, iron anomaly 0.2. Keywords: analysis; anomalies; anomaly; area; basin; data; et al; exploration; gas; hydrocarbon; oil; ordos; petroleum; sensing; wang
• Interpretation of aeromagnetic data using GIS to evaluate the geotectonic regime of the Sabinas Basin by Batista, Jose Alberto; Carmenates, Yuri Almaguer; Martínez González, Josue D. (2017) - The surface and subterranean distribution of different rocks types and geological structures provide the basis for the behavior of magnetic field (Telford et al., 1990). Arrows indicate the position of the isolines of magnetic field. Keywords: area; basement; basin; blocks; data; field; figure; gis; map; regime; sabinas
• Comprehensive landscape characteristics of the arable land red line in Donggang, China by Qian, Fengkui; Wang, Weiwen; Zhang, Xuefeng; Zhang, Jingye; Bian, Zhenxing (2022) - Evaluation for landscape aesthetic value of the Natural World Heritage Site. Effects of past landscape changes on aesthetic landscape values in the European Alps. Keywords: area; characteristics; china; city; donggang; evaluation; farmland; landscape; landscape characteristics; line; pattern; plots; resources; study; value
• Quantifying the statistical distribution of Tropical Cyclone Activity in the historical record of the Dominican Republic by Alvarez Ysabel, Santo Trinidad; Agredo Cardona, Gustavo Adolfo; Rincón, David Felipe (2017) - In this study, we re-examined the Official Hurricane Database from the National Hurricane Center (HURDAT- NHC), an agency associated with NOAA, for tropical cyclone activity from 1851 to 2012for the Dominican Republic on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Basin. The North East Atlantic (NEA) and the Caribbean Sea Basin (CSB) are characterized as a high probability zone for the formation, development and impact of tropical cyclones (TC), according to the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Keywords: activity; analysis; area; atlantic; caribbean; cyclone; database; distribution; dominican; events; hurricane; landfall; major; period; probability; republic; storms; study; time; tracks; tropical; year
• Influence of Pressure and Water Content on Loess Collapsibility of the Xixian New Area in Shaanxi Province, China by Wang, Jiading; Ma, Yan; Guo, Qianyi; Chu, Di (2017) - Test results and analysis 3.1 Effect of pressure and water content on compressive deformation properties of loess in the Xixian New Area The relation curves of pressure and strain at different levels of water content (Fig. 4) and the curves of water content and strain under different levels of loess pressure in the Xixian New Area (Fig. 5) were all obtained using the K0 test with 10 kinds of water content and 9 levels of pressure. Therefore, loess collapsibility will be the most important geotechnical problem in future foundation investigation and construction. Keywords: area; collapsibility; collapsible; content; deformation; increases; loess; pressure; soil; water; water content; xixian
• Empirical Correlation between Geotechnical and Geophysical Parameters in a Landslide Zone (Case Study: Nargeschal Landslide) by Rezaei, Sadegh; Shooshpasha, Issa; Rezaei, Hamed (2018) - These included SPT-N – electrical resistivity, soil moisture content – electrical resistivity, and SPT-N – shear wave velocity correlations. Quantitative assessment of shear wave velocity correlations in the shallow bedrock sites. Keywords: area; coefficient; correlation; data; et al; figure; landslide; parameters; resistivity; results; shear; soil; spt; study; velocity; wave
• Geospatial assessment of eco-environmental changes in desertification area of the Brazilian semi-arid region by Silva, Richarde Marques da; Santos, Celso Augusto Guimarães; Maranhão, Karinna Ugulino de Araújo; Silva, Alexandro Medeiros; Lima, Valéria Raquel Porto de (2018) - Furthermore, despite an extensive body of knowledge about the relationships among vegetative cover, soil erosion and eco-environmental changes (Srinivasan & Galvão 1995; Marengo et al., 2016; Martins et al., 2018), very little is known about such processes in the caatinga biome (Schulz et al., 2017), because this biome is poorly analyzed and considered as one of the more neglected of Brazilian biomes (Beuchle et al., 2015; Ribeiro et al., 2016). Data availability of soil erosion and land changes in the caatinga is limited to thesis, few papers or technical notes published in regional journals, which makes it difficult for an international audience (Silva et al., 2017). Keywords: area; arid; brazil; caatinga; changes; cover; erosion; et al; factor; journal; land; land cover; loss; monteiro; region; silva; soil; study; values; vegetation
• Fractal characteristics of reservoir structural fracture: a case study of Xujiahe Formation in central Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin by Fan, Cunhui; Qin, Qirong; Hu, Dongfeng; Wang, Xiaolei; Zhu, MengYue; Huang, Wei; Li, Yuxi; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel (2018) - The results show the following: the seismic value of reflection fault fractal dimension of the Xujiahe Formation is 1.5284; the correlation coefficient R2 is bigger than 0.9901; the capacity dimension linear regression correlation coefficient of the fracture in core of the Xujiahe Formation is bigger than 0.98; the fractal dimension D can well reflect the fault and fracture development degree, as well as the complexity of the fracture system; it can quantitatively calculate the density of the fracture of the reservoir in the area; the areas of capacity dimension bigger than 1.45 are the fracture development zones in the Fault-Fold Belt of the central Yuanba area; the oil and gas enrichment degree is high; the areas with the fractal dimension value between 0.95 and 1.45 are the fracture relatively-developed zones; the fractal dimension with values smaller than 0.95 are the lack of fracture areas. The fractal dimension of regions predicted favorable for fracture development from the above two formulas shall be higher than 1.4. Keywords: area; central; development; dimension; distribution; fault; formation; fractal; fracture; gas; reservoir; study; xujiahe; yuanba
• Soft-sediment Deformation Structures and Sand Body Architecture in the Chang 6 Oil Member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Southwestern Ordos Basin, China by Liang, Qingshao; Tian, Jingchun; Wang, Feng; Zhang, Xiang (2019) - SSD structure types Various SSD structures, related to paleo-seismic events and gravity slumps, are developed in the Chang 6 oil member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the H-Q area of Ordos Basin. i) SSD structures driven by paleo-seismic events with delta front sand body (SD-SSD) and ii) SSD structures driven by paleo-seismic events with turbidites (formed by delta-front slumping and re-distribution due to seismic action) (ST-SSD). Keywords: area; basin; body; chang; member; oil; ordos; sand; seismic; ssd; ssd structures; structures
• Effects of Sediment Thickness upon Seismic Amplification in the Urban Area of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico by Moreno Ceballo, Roberto; González Herrera, Raúl; Paz Tenorio, Jorge Antonio; Aguilar Carboney, Jorge Alfredo; del Carpio Penagos, Carlos Uriel (2019) - ABSTRACT Effects of Sediment Thickness upon Seismic Amplification in the Urban Area of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico Efectos del espesor de sedimentos en la amplificación sísmica de la zona urbana de Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, México ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v23n2.72623 Las variaciones locales del tipo de suelo y la topografía en menor medida, determinan la amplificación sísmica y han Effects of Sediment Thickness upon Seismic Amplification in the Urban Area of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico. Keywords: area; chiapa; corzo; damage; del; earthquakes; salgado; sediment; thickness; urban
• Measurement of radon in soils of Lima City - Peru during the period 2016-2017 by Lázaro, Luís Vilcapoma; López Herrera, María Elena; Pereyra, Patrizia; Fernández, Daniel Palacios; Pérez, Bertin; Rojas, Jhonny; Sajo-Bohus, Laszlo (2019) - 175Measurement of radon in soils of Lima City - Peru during the period 2016-2017 Results and discussion Comments on results of soil gas radon concentrations and on the measure- ment methodology The minimum and maximum values of soil gas radon concentration in the study area were 0.1 kBq/m3 and 64.3 kBq/m3, respectively, which show great variability of the data. Soil gas radon concentrations were even higher in areas closer to volcanic and less distant from rivers. Keywords: area; average; chillón; city; concentrations; et al; gas; gas radon; hole; lima; lima city; measurements; period; radon; radon concentration; rivers; rocks; rímac; soil; soil gas; soil radon
• The Local Earthquake Tomography of Erzurum (Turkey) Geothermal Area by Ozer, Caglar; Ozyazicioglu, Mehmet (2019) - In this paper, three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs characteristics of Erzurum geothermal area were investigated down to 30 km by using 1685 well-located earthquakes with 29,894 arrival times, consisting of 17,298 P wave and 12,596 S wave arrivals. The Vp, Vs perturbation and the Vp/Vs ratio tomographic horizontal section results for Erzurum area and its surroundings. Keywords: area; depth; earthquake; erzurum; et al; fault; geothermal; local; model; structure; study; tomography; turkey; velocity; wave; zone
• Fractures in Volcanic Reservoir: a case study of Zhongguai uplift in Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin, China by Fan, Cunhui; Qin, Qirong; Liang, Feng; Fan, Zenghui; Li, Zhi (2018) - In various stages of oil and gas field development, it holds that the dynamic changes of fracture permeability in different groups are separate from one to others due to the fracture permeability and seepage velocity. As such, the study of development periods and genetic mechanisms of tectonic fractures could throw useful information regarding the evaluation and development of that reservoir. Keywords: area; development; filling; fracture; gas; oil; permeability; reservoir; rock; stress; zhongguai; ° ±15
• Prediction of land degradation by Machine Learning Methods by Habibi, Vahid; Ahmadi, Hassan; Jaffari, Mohammad; Moeini, Abolfazl (2021) - Groundwater water level prediction in Wadi EL Jezzy Catchment using ANN. ANN is an applicable estimation tool for groundwater levels in areas without information or inadequate observation points. Keywords: anfis; ann; area; axon; data; degradation; desertification; doi; et al; groundwater; groundwater level; iran; journal; land; level; methods; model; network; plsr; sigmoid; study
• Determination of Hydrothermal Prospects in Paipa Geothermal Region (Boyacá, Colombia) Using Remote Sensing and Field Data by Calderón-Chaparro, Rafael Andrés; Vargas-Cuervo, German (2019) - A single-channel algorithm was applied to this band to determine surface temperature anomalies (Jiménez- Muñoz et al., 2009). Another relevant aspect of the application of the algorithms is obtaining surface temperature anomalies with higher temperature magnitudes, and the reduction in the size of the anomalies in comparison with the temperature anomalies obtained without the atmospheric and emissivity corrections (Temperature of brightness). Keywords: anomalies; area; colombia; data; field; figure; geothermal; hydrothermal; images; index; landsat; map; paipa; prospects; satellite; soil; surface; surface temperature; temperature; temperature anomalies; values
• Sedimentation in reservoirs. Case study: the reservoir of the São Bartolomeu stream, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil by Saito, Youlia Kamei; Viana, Lucas José Ferreira; Ferreira, Ítalo Oliveira; Marques, Eduardo Antonio Gomes (2021) - The construction planning and maintenance of a reservoir demand analysis of the sedimentation process in the area can be estimated through bathymetric surveys (Valent et al., 2019), which is completed by performing measurements of depth in relation to a position on the surface (IHO, 2005; Ferreira et al., 2015). Constants to calculate errors limits for depth accuracy on bathymetric surveys. Keywords: area; average; brazil; data; elevation; ferreira; kriging; process; reservoir; sedimentation; study; survey; total; use; viçosa; volume; water; watershed
• The quantitative prediction of tectonic fractures of Longmaxi formation in Dingshan area, southeastern Sichuan Basin by Xie, Jiatong; Qin, Qirong; Fan, Cunhui; Hu, Dongfeng; Li, Hu (2019) - (4) Binary method: The rock breaking value represents the possibility of tectonic fracture development, and the energy value represents the size of the ability for tectonic fractures to develop. Therefore, when predicting the tectonic fracture distribution in this study, the research outcomes of Ding (1998) and Xingui Zhou et al. were used to comprehensively consider these two methods—the rock breaking method and the energy method—and a “binary method” was proposed (the extent of tectonic fracture development is jointly determined by two aspects—the rock breaking rate and the strain energy density); the rock breaking rate represents the possibility of tectonic fracture development, and the strain energy density represents the size of the ability for tectonic fractures to develop. Keywords: area; breaking; density; development; dingshan; energy; formation; fracture; longmaxi; method; prediction; rock; value
• Hydrogeological Modeling in Tropical Regions via FeFlow by Arenas, Maria Cristina; Pescador, Juan Pablo; Donado, Leonardo David; Saavedra, Edwin Yesid; Arboleda Obando, Pedro Felipe (2020) - Novel approaches in sub-surface parameterisation to calibrate groundwater models. Additionally, this highlights the need for flow models (surface and underground) coupled on a regional scale due to most surface water models assume zero flow between topographic divisions. Keywords: analysis; area; calibration; carrera; data; figure; flow; groundwater; https://doi.org/https; hydraulic; hydrology; inverse; journal; method; model; modeling; parameters; points; properties; results; values
• Analysis of the Ordovician Carbonate Hydrothermal Process in Tadong Area, Xinjiang, China by Tan, Wancang; Meng, Yuanlin; Feng, Zihui; Meng, Qi'an; Li, Qiang; Wang, Xiandong; Li, Guorong; Li, Yaguang (2019) - Keywords: Tarim basin; Tadong area; carbonate; hydrothermal process; hydrothermal dolomite. Compared with the region and adjacent areas of Ordovician carbonate minerals δ18O values found that δ18O hydrothermal dolomite of Ordovician in Tadong was higher than that δ18O value of the non- reformed limestone in the region (-7.92~-6.48‰PDB, and the average value is 6.89‰PDB)(Figure 4). Keywords: area; basin; characteristics; crystalline; dolomite; hydrothermal; megacryst; ordovician; tarim; value; δ18o
• A prediction method of regional water resources carrying capacity based on artificial neural network by Shi, Chaoyang ; Zhang, Zhen (2021) - According to the regional water resources quantity and utilization characteristics and evaluation emphasis, the evaluation index system of water resources carrying capacity is constructed to evaluate the importance and correlation of water resource carrying capacity. Keywords: Artificial neural network; BP neural network; Regional water resources; Water resources carrying capacity; Carrying capacity prediction; Palabras clave: Red neuronal artificial; Red neuronal BP; Recursos hídricos regionales; Capacidad de carga de recursos hídricos; Predicción de la capacidad de carga. Keywords: area; capacity; carrying; county; development; evaluation; gdp; index; layer; network; neural; output; prediction; rate; total; value; water consumption; water resources; zhaozhou
• Spatial distribution of porphyry copper deposits in Dehaj terrain: Implications for exploration by Habibkhah, Narges; Hasani, Hossein; Maghsoudi, Abbas; Honarmand, Mehdi (2023) - Delineation of mineralization zones in porphyry Cu deposits by fractal concentration–volume modeling. J. Vol. 26, No. 4 (December, 2022): 321 - 333 O R E G EO LO G Y Investigation of the spatial distribution of porphyry copper deposits using fractal and fry analysis methods in Dehaj Area, Kerman: Implications for exploration Narges Habibkhah1*, Hossein Hasani1, Abbas Maghsoudi1, Mehdi Honarmand2 Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran University of Advanced Technology, Iran *Corresponding author: n.habibkhah@aut.ac.ir Manuscript Received: 09/10/2019 Accepted for Publication: 11/01/2023 How to cite this item: Habibkhah, N., Hasani, H., Maghsoudi, A., & Honarmand, M. (2022). Keywords: analysis; area; deposits; distribution; faults; fractal; fry; ite; mineralization; rit; rit e
• Identification of faults with seismic hazard potential based on morphotectonic analysis, Kerman city (Southeastern Iran) by Ameri, Shahrzad; Solgi, Ali; Sorbi, Ali; Farrokhnia, Alireza (2022) - The aim of this study is to identify active faults and the associated seismic hazard to Kerman city. Most of the basins of class 2 are located on the East side of the study area, the location of active faults of the region. Keywords: activity; area; basin; city; class; et al; fault; index; iran; kerman; reverse; slip; strike; study; tectonic; values
• Basic Characteristics and Evolution of Geological Structures in the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by Deng, Dejie; Wang, Changliu; Peng, Peihao (2019) - Among them, the most representative ones are the outlaw-shaped tectonic system, the extrusion or rotation mode of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, the continental escape mode, the rotation movement mode of fault block and the lower crustal flow mode. Projection of horizontal motion velocity across fault zone along the direction of dominant velocity of GPS station is obtained. Keywords: area; block; characteristics; earthquake; eastern; fault; glacial; gravel; horizontal; layer; margin; movement; north; period; qinghai; river; sichuan; tibet plateau; velocity; vertical; wenchuan; western
• Susceptibility to erosion risks in soils dedicated to the pineapple cultivation in the state of Valle del Cauca, Colombia by Martinez López, Carolina; Rivera Paja, Albin Osvaldo; Menjivar Flores, Juan Carlos (2021) - Name Municipality Basin Coordinate Start date X Y Aguacatal-Montebello Cali Cali 1058549.999 877405.6117 Jun-30-1969 Buenos aires Yotoco Yotoco 1071854.129 916464.6178 May-31-1971 Costa rica Ginebra Sabaletas 1094047.494 907024.5997 Feb-28-1975 Dagua Dagua Dagua 1043265.57 895668.4842 Oct-31-1983 Dapa Yumbo Arroyohondo 1058101.811 885462.6364 May-31-1971 Diguita Dagua Anchicaya 1033515.712 882755.42 Mar-31-1971 Predicting soil erosion by water: a guide to conservation planning with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Keywords: area; cauca; colombia; dagua; del; erosion; erosivity; factor; rainfall; soil; valle; values
• Fracture variability in basalts and its effect on river erosion: a case study in the Paraná Volcanic Province by Lima, Adalto Gonçalves; Pelegrina, Marcos Aurelio; Pontarolo, Murilo (2021) - The N80–90E direction coincides with the major maximum of the bed fracture directions (Figure 5). As shown in Figures 3 and 4, there is a wide distribution of fracture directions in the study area. Keywords: area; axes; density; direction; erosion; figure; flow; fracture; joints; plucking; reach; river; study
• Study on Optimization Method of Spatial Structure Characteristics of Peak Forest Landform in Wulingyuan Scenic Area by Zhang, Qian (2020) - The spatial pattern of peak forest landscape in Wulingyuan Scenic Area was analyzed by using various landscape indices. By using GIS and digital topographic analysis to study the basic features of sandstone peak forest landform, Wulingyuan peak forest landform and karst peak forest have great differences in lithological composition, as the weathering resistance is better than Cheltenham Badland landform; by using tree theory to analyze the features of Wulingyuan peak forest landform, according to area weight serialization of contour tree nodes, we can know the depression area. Keywords: area; artificial; characteristics; development; forest landform; landform; landscape; meters; node; patch; patches; peak forest; rock; sandstone; sandstone peak; structure; study; vegetation; wulingyuan; wulingyuan peak
• Numerical Simulation and Model of Deformation Features of Destabilized Mining Slope Under Fault-Controlled Conditions by Lv, Yiqing (2020) - Mechanism of slope deformation induced by underground mining. The lithology of Fengmaoding slope consists of soil and bedrock. Keywords: area; deformation; direction; displacement; fault; figure; mining; slope
• Research on Control Method of Pollutant Total Amount of Water Quality based on Fuzzy Mathematics by Liu, Rui (2020) - The work plays a key role in establishing the input response relationship between pollution sources and the target of water quality control. Confirming the target of water quality control The main purpose is to determine the target of water quality control of the functional areas in the upstream sewage control area and downstream transition area. Keywords: area; control; discharge; evaluation; membership; model; pollutant; pollution; sewage; total; water; water quality;  
• Ecological Compensation Method for Soil Polluted by Heavy Metals Based on Internet of Things by Shanshan, Jia; Yanqing, Zhou (2020) - This process provided the basis for the ecological compensation standard of soil heavy metal pollution area. The standard of soil compensation and the amount of soil added in the study area are shown in Table 6. Keywords: area; compensation; data; ecological; forest; hardware; internet; metals; method; operating; pollution; soil; system; things
• Change Pattern and Driving Mechanism of Construction Land in China’s Undertaking Industrial Transfer Demonstration Area: Taking the Wanjiang City Belt along the Yangtze River as an Example by Cao, Yuhong; Liu, Meiyun; Cao, Yuandan; Chen, Chen; Zhang, Dapeng (2020) - (3) The driving factors for the shift in construction land area include natural and social factors. Judging from the change rate of construction land area, other construction land is higher than the other two categories from 1995 to 2015. Keywords: area; belt; change; city; construction; construction land; county; development; district; expansion; industrial; land; period; urban; use; wanjiang
• Petrographic and geochemical features of Gimo marble, Gole area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: constraints on its protolith's origin and depositional environment by Mirza, Tola Ahmed; Kalaitzidis, Stavros P.; Fatah, Sardar S. ; Tsiotou, Sophia (2021) - Field images and photomicrographs of Gimo marble samples. Major oxide contents (wt.%) of Gimo marble samples (L.D.: Limits of Detection in %; LOI: loss on ignition, nd: not detected). Keywords: area; calcite; earth; elements; fig; gimo; gimo marble; group; iraq; journal; marble; ppm; protolith; ree; samples
• Petrophysical properties of bypassed Cenozoic clastic reservoirs in the Cesar sub-basin, Colombia by Alarcón Olave, Helmer Fernando; Herrera Otero, Edwar Hernando (2021) - Aunque algunos investigadores se han centrado en el entendimiento de la evolución tectónica de la cuenca, estratigrafía y potencial de generación de hidrocarburos, los trabajos en busca de la caracterización de rocas reservorio solo se han llevado a cabo en formaciones Cretácicas, consideradas el principal objetivo reservorio, sin hallazgos importantes. This agreement included the project “Certificación de Estratigrafía Física y de la Keywords: area; basin; cenozoic; cesar; colombia; figure; formation; hydrocarbon; log; loma; los; porosity; reservoir; rock; sandstones; sub; units; wells
• Eruption Cycle of Volcanic Rocks Based on Virtual Reality Technology by Yang, Jiqiang; Wang, Xing (2020) - According to the three dimensional reconstruction data of dynamic scenes in the study area, combined with the research steps of volcanic eruption cycle and volcanic eruption cycle stages, the lithology, transport characteristics and lithofacies periodic changes of volcanic rocks in the study area were analyzed, and the results of the eruption cycle of volcanic rocks in the study area were obtained. The lateral correlation of volcanic eruption cycles can be achieved. Keywords: area; characteristics; cycle; data; depression; energy; eruption; eruption cycle; facies; fault; period; phase; rocks; study; virtual; xujiaweizi
• Establishment of Evaluation Model for Shallow Geothermal Energy Resource Development Potential Based on Characteristic of Geotemperature by Hou, Jikun; Luo, Xingqi; Zhang, Lei (2020) - Suitability zoning of groundwater ground source heat pump in Weinan City From the charts, we can see that the suitability of groundwater source heat pumps is obviously different due to the difference of hydrogeological characteristics. Heat Exchange Power and Potential of Groundwater Ground Source Heat Pump In order to study the validity of calculation and evaluation for the heat-exchange power and potential of groundwater ground source heat pumps in Weinan City, it is necessary to carry out practical analysis. Keywords: area; development; energy; evaluation; geothermal; ground source; ground temperature; groundwater; groundwater source; heat pump; km2; potential; pump system; source heat; suitability; system; temperature; utilization
• Investigation on Mining Subsidence Based on Sentinel-1A Data by SBAS-InSAR technology—Case Study of Ningdong Coalfield, China by Ma, Fei; Sui, Lichun (2020) - A model for extracting large deformation mining subsidence using D-InSAR technique and probability integral method. The yellow lines are boundaries of mining areas. Keywords: area; china; coalfield; data; deformation; gps; insar; mar; mining; mining area; mining subsidence; monitoring; ningdong; sbas; series; subsidence; technology; time
• Anomalous geoelectric potential variations observed along a gas pipeline section in Argentine, possible intensification with variations of the Earth’s magnetic field by Larocca, Patricia Alejandra; Arecco, M. A.; Macrino, A. C. (2022) - During periods of intense magnetic storms, telluric currents caused by these geomagnetic disturbances in geomagnetic storm periods may be large enough to keep a pipeline unprotected for a significantly long time, which may reduce its useful life increasing the possibility of corrosion. These impacts range from slow, cumulative and excessive corrosion of pipeline systems (Ingham and Rodgers, 2018) to a rapid collapse (in minutes) of electricity grids (Trichtchenko and Boteler, 2001). Keywords: area; dst; earth; field; figure; gas; periods; pipeline; potential; psp; range; section; storm; variations
• Evaluation algorithm of alhagi sparsifolia desertification control under different irrigation amounts by Li, Juan ; Liu, Wei ; Zhang, Xinxin (2021) - At present, grassland desertification control through alhagi sparsifolia is a common method in the world. Because there are many factors affecting the ecological benefit index of the grassland desertification control project, when determining the specific index, it is necessary to combine the actual situation and select the core factors that can express the degree of grassland desertification control as the dominant index. Keywords: alhagi; alhagi sparsifolia; area; control; data; desertification; desertification control; evaluation; grassland; grassland desertification; index; indexes; process; project; sand; soil; sparsifolia; vegetation;  
• An empirical study on the potential of land resources utilization in urban agglomeration development zones based on combination analysis by Miao, Jianjun; Lu, Qian (2021) - Combined with the actual situation of land use in high-tech zone and the characteristics of sustainable land use in the county and referring to the evaluation standards of sustainable land use in China and abroad, an evaluation system of sustainable land use with the overall goal of sustainable land use in a high-tech zone is finally established, which includes four criteria levels: land-use level, resource security, economic feasibility, and social acceptability, as shown in Table 1. Indicator schematic map of sustainable land use in high-tech zones from 2014 to 2018 In conclusion, the evaluation results of sustainable land use in the high- tech zone are as follows: ① the rationality of land use in the area is relatively high, and the index continues to rise during the evaluation period, from 0.48 in 2014 to 0.81 in 2018, which is at a sustainable high level. Keywords: area; combination; development; development zone; evaluation; factors; high; index; land; land area; land use; natural; potential; rate; tech; tech zone; use; value; years; zone
• Destruction process and restoration countermeasures of the ecological environment of a comprehensive geological structure by Huang, Yanyan (2021) - Considering the geological structure of the mining area, from the perspective of the four problems shown in the table, the damage of mining to the ecological environment was analyzed, and then corresponding countermeasures for ecological environment restoration were proposed. freeze-thaw Medium Strong Medium Strong Medium Strong Medium Strong score 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 Geological disaster Score 10 8 6 4 2 frequency ≥10 5-9 3-4 1-2 0 Economic losses >100 10-100 1-10 0.1-1 ≤0.1 Casualties ≥10 5-9 3-4 1-2 0 Sphere of influence >1 0.1-1 0.01-0.1 0-0.01 0 Occupation and destruction of land resources Score 10 8 6 4 2 Occupied land area >1 0.5-1 0.1-0.5 0.01-0.1 ≤0.01 Area of occupied land >0.5 0.1-0.5 0.01-0.1 0-0.01 0 waste water disposal Score 10 8 6 4 2 Annual emissions >1 0.1-1 0.01-0.1 0-0.01 0 Solid waste discharge Score 10 8 6 4 2 Accumulated stock >10 1-10 0.1-1 0.01-0.1 ≤0.01 Wastewater toxicity Score 10 2 toxicity poisonous Non-toxic Groundwater equilibrium damage Score 10 8 6 4 2 Drainage area >1 0.1-1 0.01-0.1 0-0.01 0 435Destruction process and restoration countermeasures of the ecological environment of a comprehensive geological structure Where, S represents the productivity value of forest resources in the resource extraction area, n is constant, qi represents the area of the plant in i years, wi represents the increase in the unit area of forest resources, ei represents the price of net income per unit area of plant resources such as forests,  represents the price growth rate; L indicates the value of scientific research and tourism, ri indicates the benefits of scientific research and tourism brought by the unit forest, Ui represents the forest area for ecological environment restoration; H represents the average annual storage value, ti represents the average price of building a reservoir per square meter, yi indicates the amount of water stored before the restoration of the ecological environment,  represents the price increase factor; D represents the value of biodiversity, i indicates the ecological value of the unit area of the ecological environment, ci indicates the area of ecological environment restoration; Jis the value of degrading pollutants, miindicates the treatment cost per unit of pollutant, bi is the amount of pollutants degraded in the surrounding area after the restoration of the ecological environment. Keywords: area; changes; countermeasures; damage; destruction; development; environment; evaluation; land; mining; process; protection; resources; restoration; structure; surface; water
• Using satellite imagery to assess the changes in land use and land cover in Diyarbakır city (SE Turkey) by Dursun, Felat; Zorlu, Kemal; Gül, Murat (2022) - Spatiotemporal analysis of land use land cover changes and built-up expansion projection in predominantly dystric nitosol of Ebonyi state, Southeastern, Nige- ria. Change analysis in land use land cover due to surface mining in Jharia coalfield through Landsat time se- ries data. Keywords: activities; area; changes; city; class; diyarbakır; et al; figure; increase; land; land cover; land use; locations; lulc; percent; sensing; study; turkey; years
• Fault diagnosis mechanism of gears and bearings for coal mining equipment in a complex geological environment by Wang, Shuilin ; Liu, SongYong ; Meng, Fanping (2021) - According to the yield strength value, the critical value of functional failure of gear bearing capacity is confirmed. In the formula, n represents n shape values, , i and j are the result statistics values of formula (2-7), so as to realize the extraction of gear and bearing fault feature data in coal mining equipment in a complex geological environment (Sayers et al., 2019). Keywords: area; bearing; calculation; coal; data; diagnosis; equipment; f f; fault; figure; formula; gear; method; mining; value
• Dynamic monitoring algorithm of natural resources in scenic spots based on MODIS Remote Sensing technology by Li, Maolin (2021) - (3) Image information enhancement For the pseudo color image of TM4.5.3 after synthesis, in order to highlight the information of remote sensing image and distinguish different land type features, the multi-stage gray stretch transform is adopted, which can stretch all the ground objects linearly in the range of 0-255 of national radiance level, or stretch different targets in a certain gray range, and compress other non-target ground objects processing to achieve the purpose of extracting and enhancing the target features (Pahlevan et al., 2017). Multiscale segmentation of remote sensing image Because the multi-scale segmentation considers the multi-level of the field pattern of the earth’s surface and overcomes the fixed size of the data source, it can make full use of all kinds of information and select the most appropriate segmentation scale to segment-specific terrain types, so this segmentation adopts the multi-scale segmentation method. Keywords: area; change; data; forest; forest resources; image; information; land; libo; method; model; monitoring; research; resources; scale; segmentation; sensing; spot; value; water
• Application of UAV-Low Altitude Remote Sensing System in Sea Area Supervision by Chen, Rong (2021) - As can be seen from Figure 4, the sandy shoreline extracted from UAV remote sensing images is quite different from that based on radar point cloud data. As can be seen from Figure 5, the difference between the two methods based on UAV remote sensing image and radar point cloud data is small, whether it is the coordinates of artificial shoreline feature points or bedrock shoreline feature points. Keywords: area; figure; gps; image; method; sea; sensing; study; uav
• Structural attributes estimation in a natural tropical forest fragment using very high-resolution imagery from unmanned aircraft systems by Vega Gutiérrez, Johnny Alexander; Palomino-Ángel, Sebastián; Anaya, Jesús (2022) - Mapping forest successional stages in the Bra- zilian Amazon using forest heights derived from TanDEM-X SAR in- terferometry. Tree height accuracy using LiDAR is close to 1 m (Mielcarek et al., 2018) which is better than the 4 m found with our methods. Keywords: accuracy; area; camera; canopy; chm; crown; data; delineation; et al; forest; height; imagery; images; model; point; resolution; segmentation; sensing; tree; tropical; uas
• Physico-chemical and mineralogical changes of lithic xerorthent soils on volcanic rocks under semi-arid ecological conditions by Demir, Sinan; Alaboz, Pelin; Dengiz, Orhan; Şenol, Hüseyin; Yilmaz, Kamil; Başkan, Oğuz (2023) - Illuminating pathways of forest nutrient pro- vision: relative release from soil mineral and organic pools. The diversity of volcanic soils: focusing on the function of aluminum–humus complexes. Keywords: area; bedrock; chemical; clay; conditions; index; minerals; pii; piii; profile; properties; rocks; sanidine; soils; study; trachyandesite; trachybasalt; tuff; weathering
• Petrogenesis of the Neoproterozoic rocks of Megele area, Asosa, Western Ethiopia by Oljira, Temesgen; Okunlola , Olugbenga Akindeji ; Olatunji , Akinade Shadrach ; Ayalew, Dereje; Bedada, Bekele Ayele (2022) - Diagram showing: (a, b) trace and RE element of Megele area intrusive rocks vs. chondrite, normalizing values are from (Nakamura 1974), and (c, d) trace element of Megele area intrusive rocks vs. primitive mantle, normalizing values are from (Sun and McDonough, 1989). The other metamorphic mineral that shows metamorphism of the granitoids of Megele area Neoproterozoic rocks is fibrous actinolite which occurs in association with biotite and other mafic minerals (like hornblende and actinolite). Keywords: area; atp; biotite; ethiopia; fig; gneiss; granite; granodiorite; megele; metabasalt; minerals; neoproterozoic; quartz; rocks; schist; shield; tectonic; trace
• Depositional environment and hydrocarbon exploration potential based on sedimentary facies and architectural analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Shendi Formation in Musawwarat-Naga area, Shendi-Atbara Basin, Sudan by Babkir, Mohamed Diaeldin Babkir Hassan; Nton, Matthew E.; Eisawi, Ali A. M. (2023) - The trough cross-bedded sandstone facies (St) is the predominant facies in the study area, representing more than 70% of the total succession. The second-order surfaces bound co-sets or individual sedimentary bodies that are genetically related such as the co-sets formed by the stacking of individual groups of cross-bed sets in the trough cross-bedded sandstone facies (St) (e.g., Fig. Keywords: area; atbara; basin; channel; cross; deposits; elements; facies; fig; fluvial; formation; iron; miall; quartz; sandstone; sandstone facies; shendi; study; sudan; trough
• Estimating surface runoff using the curve number method in an ungauged watershed in Jalisco, Mexico evaluating its morphometric parameters by Hernández-Guzmán, Rafael; Onchi-Ramuco, Norma Leticia (2023) - The soils of hydrological group C (19.9%), with high runoff potential, followed in order of importance, while soils with low runoff potential (high infiltration, represented by hydrological group A), occupied the least extent. The channel maintenance constant indicates that the sub-basin is under conditions of few structural disturbances and low runoff. Keywords: analysis; area; basin; cover; drainage; land; mexico; number; runoff; soil; study; surface; value; watershed

• New insights into the Permian-Triassic magmatism of southern Cerro Cacheuta, Argentina by Martínez, Amancay; Gallardo, Adrian; Mulé, Melisa; Giaccardi, Aldo; Crespo, Esteban; Aguilera, David (2024) - Las rocas monzo- níticas del sector oriental del plutón de Cacheuta, Precordillera mendo- cina: características geoquímicas y edad Las monzodioritas y monzogabros de Cacheuta, Mendoza: edad, petrología e implicancias. Keywords: arc; argentina; cacheuta; cerro; choiyoi; del; diagram; elements; et al; figure; group; late; magmatism; mendoza; permian; pluton; rocks; samples; triassic; volcanic
• Chemical constraints and tectonic setting of the Ginebra ophiolite complex by Gómez Gómez, Duban Esteban; Martínez Ardila, Ana María; Molano Mendoza, Juan Carlos (2024) - Cluster analysis, used to compare the geochemistry of GOC rocks and the Amaime Complex basalts, suggests a similar magma source, possibly linked to multiple recharge events that underwent fractional crystallization, melt extraction, and accumulation processes. This idea is supported by 40Ar-39Ar ages for GOC rocks, revealing a 140.28±3.12 Ma age (in clinopyroxene) for a gabbronorite, interpreted as the crystallization age, and an age of 90.84±0.78 Ma (in hornblende) for an amphibolite, interpreted as the reworking age of the GOC due to the syntectonic crystallization of the Buga Batholith. Keywords: 0,01; 0,02; amaime; batholith; buga; colombia; complex; del; elements; figure; ginebra; goc; ophiolites; pearce; piedra; puente; rocks; tectonic
• ACTIVITY AND Vp/Vs RATIO OF VOLCANO-TECTONIC SEISMIC SWARM ZONES AT NEVADO DEL RUIZ VOLCANO, COLOMBIA by Londoño B., John Makario (2010) - Bohorquez (1993) analyzed arrival times of P and S waves, polarity of the P wave, spectra of frequencies and par- ticle motion of VT earthquake swarms occurred at August - October 1990. It is known that changes in Vp/Vs ratio may be related to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the me- dium, such as partial saturation of rocks, changes in temper- ature, density, and steam content (Birch, 1961; Keywords: activity; crater; del; earthquakes; nevado; nrv; ratio; ruiz; seismic; swarm; volcano; zones
• POSSIBLE RAPID STRAIN ACCUMULATION RATES NEAR CALI, COLOMBIA, DETERMINED FROM GPS MEASUREMENTS (1996-2003) by Trenkamp, Robert; Mora P, Héctor; Salcedo H, Elkin; Kellogg, James N. (2004) - El NAB está delineado por el sistema andino de fallas Bocono y el gran corte de Dolores, Guayaquil al este; el cinturón del Caribe sur; el corte de Colombia Ecuador, al norte, y Panamá, al oeste. Sin embargo históricamente muchos terremotos están asociados a la “falla Cauca Almaguer” en localidades cerca al sur y al norte de Cali en el valle del Cauca. Keywords: analysis; cali; cauca; colombia; data; del; earthquakes; gps; measurements; rates; south; strain
• El alumbramiento de una ciencia by Briseño, Luis A. (1992) - 6 Brlceilo: EI alumbramlento de una elencla A.G. Wemer en 1750 utiliza el tennino Geognosia; Humboldt a quien se puede considerar como uno de los padres de la geoffsica utilizo el termino de geograffa fisica; F. Neunann, el de Fisica de la Tierra. Porque la geofisica posee estas caracteristicas, se ha convertido en ciencia universal, independiente de la geologia, que aparta eI objeto y de la fisica, de la cual toma su metodologia. Keywords: briceno; ciencia; colombia; como; con; del; geofisica; las; los; para; por; que; siglo; tierra; una
• Aplicación del análisis de Fourier para describir la variación diurna de elementos climáticos by Eslava, Jesús; Díaz, Ramiro (1992) - Los resullados oblenidos son muy promisorios pues se trato de una aplicacion preliminar de la melodologia, que aun puede mejorarse medianle el manejo del procedimienlo esladislico que delerrnina los valores medics de los elemenlos meteoroloqicos, idenlificando las variables que generan las modificaciones en la amplilud de la senal y la utilizacion de fillros que conlamplen las variables que originan esas diferencias y las disminuyan a un grade aceptable, previa definicion de las variables que inlervienen y la forma en que 10 hacen. GENERALIDADES SOBRE MODELOS MATEMATICOS Y METEOROLOGIA Una de las particularidades caracteristicas de la meteorologia moderna es la de implementar un amplio e impetuoso proceso de utilizacion de los rnetodos matematicos y de los computadores en todos los asuntos aplicados y te6ricos. Keywords: -0.03; aire; base; bogota; cada; como; con; datos; del; fourier; horarios; horas; humedad; las; los; media; modelo; octubre; para; por; presion; puede; que; relativa; tabla; temperatura; una; valores
• Manifestaciones del diapirismo arcilloso en el margen colombiano del Caribe by Briceño, Luis A.; Vernette, George (1992) - Las fonnulas representan una medida de la varianza alrededor de la media total X de la secuencia. La sum a de cuadrados dentro de la secuencia total se calcula de acuerdo a la siguiente fonnula: X;j = i-punto en j-segmento ~ = media de j-segmento nj = # de puntos en j-segmento m = # de segmentos La suma de cuadrados entre segmentos se calcula como: sse = I;m (5< - X\2 / (m-1) }=I i' [2] x = media total de la secuencia X(ij) Keywords: del; para; programa; secuencia; segmento
• Programa recursivo en pascal para determinación de zonas en una secuencia, por el método de análisis de varianza by A. Montes, Luis (1992) - Las fonnulas representan una medida de la varianza alrededor de la media total X de la secuencia. La sum a de cuadrados dentro de la secuencia total se calcula de acuerdo a la siguiente fonnula: X;j = i-punto en j-segmento ~ = media de j-segmento nj = # de puntos en j-segmento m = # de segmentos La suma de cuadrados entre segmentos se calcula como: sse = I;m (5< - X\2 / (m-1) }=I i' [2] x = media total de la secuencia X(ij) Keywords: del; para; programa; secuencia; segmento
• Perfil altitudinal de la temperatura media del aire en Colombia by Eslava, Jesus (1992) - Un anal isis delallado de la variaoion espacial mensual y anual de la temperatura y de los residuos ya mencionados, perrnitio delimilar el territorio colombiano en diferentes regiones (tipificadas por la latitud, longitud, confiquracion del relieve, posicion de las cordilleras, valles interandinos, serranias, lIanuras, circulacion general de Ia atmosfera, distribuci6n de otros elementos clirnaticos y otras caracteristicas del conjunto fisiografico natural). TEttP.ttED.NUL 1~====~Ode edlanean 60 50 30 '20 10 4 5 6 7 B 9 10 BAR· Figura 4. Dlslrlbuci6n de frecuencla de los reslduos (Tabla 3), COLOMBIA. , En consecuencia se efectuo un anal isis mas detallado de cada uno de los resultados y residuos obtenidos en las 20 veces que se aplico el control de calidad y los resultadc.i de ese analisie permitieron concluir que, si bien es cierto que la temperatura del aire depende en gran medida de la altitud y que esa dependencia predomina sobre los demas factores climaticos, existen otros facto res que, aun cuando en menor forma, influyen y as necesario tenerios en cuenla para asi lograr resultados mas optimos. Keywords: aire; altitud; anti; anual; apto; barra; bogota; cauc; colombia; con; cord; cund; datos; de bogota; de la; de los; del; distribuci6n; en colombia; entre; estaciones; figura; hull; la temperatura; las; los; los residuos; magdalena; media; para; que; region; residuos; san; sant; tabla; temperatura; temperatura media; toll; vall; valores
• Reinyección: una herramienta en geología ambiental by Moreno, Juan Manuel (1992) - siendo el almacenamiento funcion del volumen y de la porosidad. 2) Oompresion del f1uido existente. CONCLUSIONES En un proceso de reinyecci6n de residuos f1uidos de perforaci6n, el conocimiento de la roca del yacimiento, de los acuiferos confinados y de los ftuidos que con1ienen, es un aspecto fundamental para su planificaci6n, desarrollo y control. Keywords: acuiferos; agua; como; con; cuando; del; desechos; donde; durante; fragmentos; gas; inyeccion; las; lodos; los; manejo; para; pertoracion; piscinas; por; pozo; proceso; que; recobro; residuos; ser; son; tecnologia; una
• Estudio geomagnético en el Volcán Galeras by Ordóñez B., Luz Amalia (1993) - En este trabajo se utilizaron fundamentalmente las tecnicas del analisis espectral, con el fin de resolver: a) algunas operaciones en el dominio de la frecuencia: filtros de alta frecuencia y reducci6n al polo norte rnaqnetico, para extraer las anomalfas generadas por fuentes superficiales y para facilitar los mecanismos de interpretaci6n, respectival'nente; b) mediante el anallsis de los espectros de potencia reducidos al polo, estimar los pararnetros de las fuentes individuales, como aproximaci6n a la soluci6n del problema directo de la teorla de campos de potencial; c) estimar la profundidad de la isoterma de Curie. m = 2h [3] 2) el efecto combinado de la profundidad del tope superiory la extensi6n vertical. Keywords: como; del; espectro; galeras; las; los; modelos; para; perfil; por; profundidad; que
• Fractales y series de datos geofísicos by Montes Vides, Luis Alfredo (1993) - Este resultado coincide con los obtenidos por Hewett (Hewett at aI., 1986) en el calculo de la dimensi6n fractal por el rnstodo de anatsls de frecuencia, de la porosidad medida en un registro de pozo distinto (1.100 pies), y para el cual el exponente de Hurst fue H = 0.855. 2. FUNDAMENTOS TEORICOS La definici6n formal del concepto de fractal fue planteada por el creador de la Geometrfa fractal, Benoit Mandelbrot, en los siguientes terminos: Un fractal es un conjunto para el cual la dimensi6n Hausdorf-Besicovith estrictamente 10 Montes: Fractales y series de datos geofisicos excede la dimensi6n topoI6gica; y de una. manera menos formal como: La forma hecha de partes similares de algun modo. Keywords: datos; del; dimensi6n; escala; fractal; hurst; los; para; que; una
• Variación horaria de la humedad relativa del aire en el Observatorio Meteorológico Nacional Santafé de Bogotá - Colombia by Eslava R., Jesús A. (1993) - ISSN 0121-2974 RESUMEN Se determinan los valores medios horarios y la variaci6n de la humedad relativa del aire para cada mes y el ano, con base en las observaciones horarias realizadas en la estaci6n Observatorio Meteorol6gico Nacional-Ciudad Universitaria de Santafe de Bogota, durante el periodo 1941-1960. EI valor medio de la humedad relativa, calculado con base en 24 observaciones diarias, es de 76% y cambia muy poco a traves del afio (entre 79% y 73%). Keywords: agua; aire; bogota; con; del; entre; horaria; humedad; humedad relativa; las; los; mas; meteorol6gico; para; puede; que; relativa; santafe; temperatura; una; valores; vapor; variaci6n
• Los potenciales espontáneos: aspectos básicos y sus aplicaciones by Briseño G., Luis A.; León, Robinson (1993) - Ciudad Universitaria 07-11-92 EI SP depende en gran medida de la composici6n intrfnseca de la roca, por eso sus valores y comporlamiento son reflejo de su Iitologia. Las medidas se realizaron en predios de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en santate de Bogota. Keywords: con; del; electrodos; las; los; que; sobre
• La temperatura del interior de la tierra by Briceño G., Luis A.; Eslava R., Jesús A. (1993) - Por otra parte, el calor que el interior de la Tierra transfiere hacia el exterior por conducci6n, tiene un promedio global de 61 mW/m2 , cerca de 3x10'2 W en todo el planeta, 10 cual equivale a 5.000 a 6.000 veces menos energia que la suministrada por el Sol. [3] y el interior de la Tierra aun no sabria que el exterior es frio; al reemplazar en [3], , = 4,5x1 09 aries, D = 400 km. Keywords: calor; con; convecci6n; cual; del; f1ujo; fusi6n; gradiente; interior; las; los; manto; mas; nucleo; para; por; que; ser; temperatura; tierra; una
• Relación entre susceptibilidad magnética y contenido de minerales pesados en un depósito aluvial by Díaz C., Ramiro L. (1993) - los valores de la primera zona son mas bajos y los de la segunda zona son mas altos que los promedios. Andina y la Regi6n del Catatumbo; en esta zona los sistemas meteorol6gieos aetuantes (Por ej., la ITC) obstaeulizan el paso de la radiaei6n solar y log ran que s610 se den menos de 5 horas de brillo solar por dfa y; b) una zona eomprendida por la mayor parte de la Orinoquia, Amazonia y la Regi6n del Caribe; Keywords: -0.3; -0.8; -0.9; -1.9; -2.0; -2.3; -3.3; -4.1; -4.2; -4.3; -4.7; 0.6; atm6sfera; brillo; con; del; disminuci6n; efectos; entre; erupci6n; fue; gases; horas; insolaci6n; las; los; meteorol6gicos; por; que; regi6n; san; solar; una; valores; volcan
• Efectos de la erupción del volcán Nevado del Ruiz, ocurrida el 13-noviembre-1985, sobre la atmósfera en Colombia. Caso: insolación (brillo solar) by Eslava R., Jesús A. (1993) - los valores de la primera zona son mas bajos y los de la segunda zona son mas altos que los promedios. Andina y la Regi6n del Catatumbo; en esta zona los sistemas meteorol6gieos aetuantes (Por ej., la ITC) obstaeulizan el paso de la radiaei6n solar y log ran que s610 se den menos de 5 horas de brillo solar por dfa y; b) una zona eomprendida por la mayor parte de la Orinoquia, Amazonia y la Regi6n del Caribe; Keywords: -0.3; -0.8; -0.9; -1.9; -2.0; -2.3; -3.3; -4.1; -4.2; -4.3; -4.7; 0.6; atm6sfera; brillo; con; del; disminuci6n; efectos; entre; erupci6n; fue; gases; horas; insolaci6n; las; los; meteorol6gicos; por; que; regi6n; san; solar; una; valores; volcan
• Las geociencias en la filatelia by Moreno Murillo, Juan Manuel (1993) - EI mayor interes de las emisiones se nota hacia las riquezas naturales, potencial de hidrocarburos y algunos minerales estrateqicos. Desde el punta de vista de la Astronomfa se reconoce el Observatorio Astron6mico Nacional y una emisi6n conmemorativa a Nicolai Copernico. Keywords: abril; como; con; del; estampillas; filatelia; geociencias; geofisica; las; los; moreno; que
• Efectos de la erupción del volcán nevado del Ruiz, ocurrida el 13-noviembre-1985, sobre la atmósfera en Colombia. Caso: humedad by Eslava Ramírez, Jesús Antonio (1995) - Esas innumerables variaciones temporo-espaciales estuvieron sometidas a factores externos entre los cuales el factor primario fue la radiaci6n solar y sus variaciones; ademas, la complejidad de los procesos atmosfericos y su continua y temporal modificaci6ndependieron basicamente de la interrelaci6n que se da entre los elementos meteorol6gicos y entre ellos y el conjunto de procesos zonales de convecci6n termica y dinamica, de la influencia extensiva de los diferentes sistemas meteorol6gicos y los factores climaticos. Tolima y Valle del Cauca y, algunas areas de Boyaca, Caqueta, Cauca, Meta y Putumayo (Fig.4). Keywords: aire; del; entre; humedad; las; los; por; que; relativa; volcan
• Atenuación de intensidades sísmicas en el territorio colombiano by Salcedo Hurtado, Elkin; Coral Gómez, Carlos (1995) - (1974): Los campos geoffsicos y la sismicidad de la parte oriental de la region Carpato-Balcanica. y la del Nido de Bucaramanga, con el objetivo de establecer mejor los coeficientes de atenuaci6n regionales. Keywords: bucaramanga; colombia; como; con; cual; del; esta; forma; isosistas; las; los; los terremotos; nido; ocurridos; para; por; profundidad; que; regi6n; santander; terremotos; territorio; una; zona
• Pronóstico de valores horarios de la temperatura del aire en el Observatorio Meteorológico Nacional-Santafé de Bogotá by Díaz Campos, Ramiro León; Eslava Ramírez, Jesús Antonio (1995) - Un ejemplo de la aplicaci6n del modele al pron6stico se presenta en las Tablas 4 a 6, en las cuales con los datos de temperatura del aire medidos en el Observatorio Meteorol6gico Nacional el 6 y 7 de octubre de 1960 (tomados de IGAC, 1961), se pronostican los valores horarios para perfodos de 12, 6 Y 6 horas, respectivamente. Esos ensayos tamblen muestran que las desviaciones grandes pueden estar indicando errores en la serie original de datos o la presencia de una situaci6n meteorol6gica particular 0 no usual; en este sentido el modelo puede ser usado como un control de calidad de la informacion. Keywords: aire; con; datos; del; fourier; horas; las; los; para; que; temperatura; una; valores
• Cambios de las anomalías magnéticas de campo total debidos a las variaciones de la inclinación y de la declinación by Díaz Campos, Ramiro León (1995) - EI proceso se realiza en el dominio de la frecuencia, teniendo como base los cambios producidos en los parametres declinaci6n e inclinaci6n maqnetica en el area de muestreo. k: Vector de onde e 'k~ + k 1Kf2 = k~n k~ + k~ o : Intervalo de muestr80 r; Vector de posicion r = xex + yey = jDex + kDey o :; j,m :; M-1; 0:; k,n :; N-1 Es posible plantear en el dominio de la frecuencia, operaciones equivalentes a las derivadas direccionales en el dominio del espacio: [4] ex' v t:. Keywords: campo; con; datos; del; las; los; para; que; total; una
• Un modelo geodésico para Colombia by Martínez Díaz, William Alberto; Rocha A., Germán A.; Sánchez Rodríguez, Laura Marlene (1995) - A partir de los valores de la anomalfa lsostatica (aproximada), resultante de la diferencia entre la anomalfa Bouguer simple observada y la misma, procesada por medio de la Transformada de Fourier Bidimensional, se aplic6 el modelo ffsico-matemattco de Stokes, con el cual se determinan las ondulaciones geoidales relacionando la gravedad normal, el potencial an6malo y las anomalfas de la gravedad; tales ondulaciones se referenciaron al elipsoide WGS-84. [4] [5] donde: CGmn: son los coeficientes de Fourier calculados a traves de la transformada directa y equivalen a: CG =_1_, ' t:J.g e-/limn eZkmn [6] mn MN7.tr /k Kmn: es el vector de onda r: es el vector posicion M,N: corresponden al nurnero de puntos muestra en las direcciones x e y. Para el procesamiento de los datos se establece una grilla de 64x64 (mxn)con intervalos de 0.25° que corresponden a la dimension de la grilla y al intervalo de muestreo respectivamente. Keywords: anomalfa; bouguer; colombia; del; esta; gravedad; las; los; para; por; que; sobre; valores
• Una propuesta temática para un curso de mecánica newtoniana by Bernal Nieto, Dora Deyanira (1995) - Definidos los fundamentos te6ricos la realidad ffsica puede pensarse a traves de los conceptos y de los principios generales de la teorfa. En los Principia Newton desarrolla los principios de la dlnarnlca de los cuerpos, enuncia sus tres leyes; aplica estos principios al mecanismo del universo, enuncia la ley de la gravitaci6n universal; estudia la rnecanica de los f1uidos y el movimiento de los cuerpos en medios resistentes y otros aspectos de la fisica general. Keywords: absoluto; como; con; conceptos; cuerpo; del; entre; espacio; estudiantes; ffsica; las; los; mach; movimiento; newton; newtoniana; para; pensamiento; por; que; sobre; son; teorfa; tiempo; tierra; una
• Medida de propiedades dinámicas de rocas "in situ" y computo de parámetros elastomecánicos by Briceno Guarupe, Luis Alberto; Díaz Campos, Ramiro León (1995) - Nos ha parecido conveniente presentar inicialmente un sinteticomarco te6rico acercade las definiciones y relaciones de parametres, asi como de los sistemas de unidades utilizados. En la parte de adquisici6n recalcamos algunos de los problemas baslcos que se encuentran en el campo y en 10 referente al analisis de los resultados hemos establecido algunas relacionesempiricas que podrian servir de guia para su enriquecimiento en trabajos posteriores. Keywords: como; con; del; ecuaci6n; las; los; ondas; para; por; que; una
• Determinación de nuevas estaciones absolutas de gravedad en Colombia by Martínez Díaz, William Alberto; Flórez Muñoz, Juan Alberto; Sánchez Rodríguez, Laura Marlene (1995) - En la parte inferior izquierda aparece el histograma que resume la distribuci6n de los 4800 datos, cada divisi6n de la escala horizontal corresponde a 10IlGales; en la parte inferior derecha se observa el valor medio de la gravedad para las 4800 medidas y la desviaci6n standar de los 48 sets y la de las 4800 observaciones. EI Instrumento puede operar en el modo de cafda libre 0 en el modo de Ianzarniento de la masa de prueba. Keywords: base; bogota; como; con; del; estaci6n; este; gravedad; gravity; honda; las; los; masa; para; por; que; son; una
• Modelo hidrogeofísico de la cuenca sur de La Habana by Valcarce Ortega, Rosa M.; González Espinosa, Jacqueline (2000) - Estos resultados demuestran que a pesar de la marcada heterogeneidad y anisotropia de las propiedades de este acuifero carstico, existe una componente estructural bien definida que permits relacionar la variabilidad de los parametres geofisicos de pozo y de los para metros hidrodinamicos como la velocidad del flujo de agua subterranea y, por 10 tanto, la permeabilidad, la conductividad hidraulica y la transmisividad, aumentan con la disminuci6n del para metro de arcillosidad relativa y con el incremento de la conductancia longitudinal. La aplicacion combinada del anabsis euclidiano de aqrupacion, del analisis de correlacion y de las relaciones de Uvarov, perrnitio separar la componente estructurada de las variables estudiadas y definir la correlacion entre para metros geofisicos de pozo y la velocidad de filtracion de las aguas subterraneas con coeficientes superiores a 0.8; se establece la relacion existente entre los para metros de Dar-Zarrouk (calculados a partir del registro electrico) Keywords: acuifero; con; conductancia; del; entre; este; geofisicos; las; log; longitudinal; los; metros; para; por; porosidad; pozo; que; transmisividad; una
• Modelo gravimétrico del espesor de la corteza terrestre en Colombia by Hurtado Briceno, Oscar Eduardo; Leuro Parra, Erick (2000) - superficie del relieve estan conectados muy cercanamente con el espesor de la corteza terrestre (Mironov, 1977). 2.3 Solucion de los Coeficientes 8mn Y Hmn De acuerdo a la expresi6n (8), el espesor de la corleza terrestre esta en funci6n de la expansi6n bidimensional de Fourier para la Anomalia Bouguer Total y la altura topoqrafica, ello se logra haciendo: cos cos Bmn nIX nysen sen (10) Keywords: bouguer; con; corteza; del; entre; espesor; la corteza; las; los; modelo; pais; para; por; presenta; que; region; tendencia; terrestre; total; tsuboi; una; valor; valores
• Análisis de las condiciones que favorecen el desarrollo de la actividad convectiva de las tormentas eléctricas en la Sabana de Bogotá by Montoya Gaviria, Gerardo de J.; Eslava Ramírez, Jesus Antonio (2000) - En las Fig.3 y 4 se muestra el comportamiento de la velocidad del viento, (en nudos), y de la depresi6n del punta de rocio, respectivamente, dia por dia, y para un periodo de cuatro arios consecutivos. Con el objeto de tener un estimativo de esta afirmaci6n, se calcul6 la frecuencia relativa fr, de ocurrencia de tormenta electrica por rangos de variaci6n de la depresi6n del punto de recto DR. y de la velocidad del viento W. Los resultados se muestran en la Tabla 2 y en la Fig.5. Keywords: bogota; como; con; del; desarrollo; e w; electricas; este; las; los; ne ne; ne w; para; por; que; sabana; tormentas; w w
• Análisis de sensibilidad en la estimación de la función característica de punta de hamilton de la sísmica geométrica by Montes Vides, Luis Alfredo (2000) - Las normas mas usadas son la de error absoluto minimo y la de error cuadratico medio minimo definidas respectivamente como: (If)11= 2::)&, y (-----~~ (If)II=/''I& 2 JL...A ' Para cada norma se supone que los datos se comportan sequn un tipo de estadistica, as! separadas por interfaces suaves, los tiernpos de los eventos de reflexi6n registrados en vecindad del rayo central pueden estimarse a partir de una funci6n hiperb61ica que corresponde a la funci6n caracteristica de punto de Hamilton, la cual Keywords: caracteristica; con; del; funci6n; los; para; por; que; rayo; sistema; tiempos; transite; una
• Algunos algoritmos para filtros digitales en el procesamiento de información electromagnética by Díaz C., Ramiro (2000) - hi mnwo hf mnro hf mnw EI ajuste se realiza en el domino de la frecuencia, con el fin de encontrar los mejores valores de ad . La implernentacion de fiitros en el dominio de la frecuencia que algunos autores, de los antes citados, han planteado desde diversos puntos de vista, es el objetivo de este documento, el cual se aborda en torno a la metodologia del Analisis de Fourier. Keywords: campo; componente; del; ecuaci6n; fourier; las; los; mnw; que; rnaqnetico
• La función característica de punto de Hamilton y la función de tiempos de difracción de la sísmica geométrica en la migración con amplitudes verdaderas by Montes Vides, Luis Alfredo (2000) - tornara un valor significativo cuando el argumento de la funci6n sea cero, v.g. donde ambas funciones coinciden, indicando que la muestra de la traza pertenece a un punta de reflexi6n, Fig.2. EI operador de restituci6n del campo de onda migrado consta del filtro de diferenciaci6n multiplicado por un factor de peso, que sequn la ecuaci6n (20) es 8eos Po l(vo8.T), el efecto debido a la dispersi6n qeornetrica se remueve de la secci6n sismica multiplicando el operador en el dominic de la frecuencia antes 0 despues de la migraci6n. Keywords: del; funci6n; las; los; para; por; que; rayo; superficie; tiempo
• Tomografía geoeléctrica: dos ejemplos en la Sabana de Bogotá by Sanín, Camilo Ernesto; Briceno Guarupe, Luis Alberto (2000) - Los valores d son los datos que obtenemos del experimento y los valores de m son los parametros del modele que vamos a encontrar. Por medio de los resultados obtenidos en ambas tomografias se ve que la profundidad de investiqacion de la tomografia qeoelectrica depende de la composicion de los materiales sobre los que se va a trabajar y del arreglo qeornetrico utilizado. Keywords: como; con; datos; del; donde; las; los; modelo; para; que; resistividad; tomografia; una; valores
• Modelación del problema inverso en geoeléctrica 2D mediante elementos finitos by Briseño, Luis Alberto; Avellaneda López, Pedro Mauricio (2001) - Adernas, la topologfa de la red de elementos finitos fue construida de forma tal que los elementos pudieran ser contenidos por algun blo- que del modelo de inversi6n. El program a lee de un archivo de texto el valor de resistividad aparente tornado en cada lectura horizontal para cada nivel de da- tos, luego aproxima la profundidad de investigaci6n y efectua una interpo-laci6n de los valores de resistividad. Keywords: con; datos; del; ecuaci6n; elementos; finitos; las; los; modelo; para; que; resistividades; una
• Implicaciones sismotectónicas de las soluciones mecanismo focal de algunos terremotos de la región central de Colombia by Salcedo Hurtado, Elkin de Jesús; Rivera Pérez, Clara Inés; Antonio Gómez, Augusto (2001) - Esta compresi6n ha sido la causa de la generaci6n de los sistemas de Falla generalmente de tipo inverso en el territorio colombiano, mientras que la ocurrencia del evento 20 a profundidad intermedia y su condici6n de es- fuerzos puede interpretarse como un estado causado por el material litosferico que es empujado por debajo de la corteza desde el SW Este mecanismo focal esta soportado por el desplazamiento del Bloque Andino que es movido en direcci6n NE como resultado de las colisiones recientes o acreciones tect6nicas entre la Fosa de Carnegie y el continente suramericano. 1986-IH-29 9:48:55.6 17. 1990-1-10 2:57:50.7 Es sabido que en la zona de transici6n del continente al oceano del territorio colombiano ocurre la interacci6n de gran des elementos litosfericos, yen correspondencia con la teorfa de la tect6nica de placas, Keywords: central; colombia; con; del; desplazamiento; direcci6n; entre; esfuerzos; esta; este; estudio; falla; figura; focal; las; los; mecanismo; para; placa; plano; por; que; region; terremotos; una
• Estudio de la variación solar quieta para el observatorio geomagnético de Fúquene by Ladino Parra, Rosa Angélica; Figueredo Báez, Yaqueline; Valdés Meneses, Emna Mireya (2001) - Teniendo en cuenta los tres criterios mencionados, los dfas de cada mes se ordenan en forma ascendente y los de Kp menor corresponden a los dfas quietos. El analisis de la variacion solar quieta Sq observada y la variaci6n solar quieta Sq teorica en los tres niveles de actividad solar (alta, me- dia, baja) Keywords: actividad; analisis; cada; campo; cmt; como; componentes; con; datos; del; fuquene; horarios; las; los; magnetico; medios; modelo; nivel; observatorio; para; por; que; quieta; solar; son; terrestre; una; valores; variacion
• Sondeos electromagnéticos inductivos: Teoría, método y aplicación by Sanchez S., Sandra Esperanza; Briceño G., Luis Alberto (2001) - Fase del campo magnetico vertical en funci6n de la altura de la intrusion. Las Ifneas continuas representan el campo prirnario y las punteadas el campo secundario 40 muchos casos la respuesta de la intrusion se ve afectada par laconductividad del medio encajante que apantalla tanto el campo primario como el secun- dario. Keywords: campo; conductividad; contraste; del; figura; las; los; para; por; profundidad; que; una
• Estación digital sismológica portátil sobre telefonía móvil celular e Internet by Vargas Jiménez, Carlos A.; Hincapie, Jaime León; Rincon Botero, Sergio (2001) - En el diseiio la seleccion de dispositivo de acuerdo con el bloque de memoria de acceso actual se realiza mediante dispositivos logicos programables (PLD). Por ejemplo, es posible ajustar 0 consultar la ganancia y el modo (unipolar, bipolar) para cada canal, aSIcomo la fecha y hora en el reloj de tiempo real, la temperatura de la tarjeta, y adernas se pueden solicitar los modos de trabajo de acuerdo con el tipo de adquisici6n (perdida de ran go, captura de ge6fonos, captura peri6dica de los canales, 49 captura continua de n rnuestras). Keywords: adquisicion; captura; como; con; cual; datos; del; estaci6n; este; eventos; figura; internet; las; los; modo; para; por; que; real; ruido; sae; sistema; tiempo; una
• La teoría del rayo paraxial en la sismica de pozo: Aproximación de segundo orden en los tiempos de tránsito by Montes Vides, Luis Alfredo (2001) - YSP, un rayo paraxial viajara desde cualquier punto en la superficie de la Tierra, en la cercania del rayo central, hasta un detector situado dentro del pozo que coincida -I 0-con una superficie reflectora en particular, en cuyo caso X = yel tiempo de viaje sera segun la ecuaci6n (7). Una de ell as es la funci6n caracterfstica que estima los tiempos de transite de eventos VSP de fuentes situadas en la cercanfa de la boca del pozo, la cual puede ser conocida nurnericarnente a partir de la medici6n de al men os seis tiempos de transite apropiadamente seleccionados. Keywords: del; las; los; por; pozo; que; rayo; superficie; tiempos; transite
• Migración mediante apilado por difracción en medios con gradiente constante de velocidad by Castillo López, Luis Antonio (2001) - es el operador de la derivada anti-causal de medio tiempo, que corresponde en el dominio de la frecuencia al filtro ,- iOJ . Este resultado es muy importante en el sentido de que el algoritmo es rapido, estable y se ajusta para ser usado para migraci6n con amplitudes verdaderas. Keywords: algoritmo; con; datos; del; para; por; una; velocidad
• Adquisición, registro y transmisión en tiempo real de señales sismológicas bajo TCP/IP by Vargas-jiménez, Carlos A.; Castellanos, G.; Flórez, J. A.; Gómez, J. P. (2001) - El DMA acnia como una unidad de procesa- miento secundaria, toma el control de los buses de datos, direcciones y GEOFlslCA Ejemplos de promedios STA/LTA y activacion de disparos TRANSMISION EN UN ENTORNO DE RED EN TIEMPO REAL EI auge de Internet y las intranets ha convertido a TCP/IP en el protocolo de comunicaciones mas ampliamente usado en las redes de computadores a nivel mundial. Keywords: adquisici6n; como; con; datos; del; dma; esta; evento; frecuencia; las; los; lta; para; por; que; real; red; sefiales; servidor; sistema; tcp; tiempo; una
• Observación y análisis de la variación de parámetros geofísicos de un pozo ubicado en el piedemonte llanero by Montano Mejía, Felix Humberto (2001) - y definen el Iimite entre rocas paleozoicas y cretacicas de la cordillera y los estratos menos perturbados del Terciario y Cuatemario que infrayacen en los Llanos Orientales, al este de la cordillera. Presenta como resultados en pantalla la seiial lefda, el variograma de los datos elegidos, la seiial filtrada, el valor maximo, minimo y el promedio de la seiiallefda. Keywords: analisis; colombia; con; datos; del; estacion; figura; las; local; los; para; piedemonte; por; pozo; que; remota; sev; una; universidad
• Diseño e implementación de un sistema de adquisición de datos sismológicos en tiempo real by Vega V., Pedro A. (2001) - Una descripci6n cuantitativa de esta caracteristica pasa altos, que re- laciona el desplazamiento de la masa con el desplazamiento del suelo ~ especialrnente entre los extremos En la practica, sin embargo, la precisi6n es usualmente pobre por fuera de la banda de frecuencias comprendidas entre 0.5 y 5 Hz. Keywords: adquisici6n; amplificador; amplitud; bobina; como; con; cual; datos; del; dos; entrada; esta; este; figura; frecuencia; las; los; masa; mesa; national; para; por; puede; que; real; respuesta; ruido; sensor; ser; sistema; software; tiempo; una
• Efecto de la rugosidad del terreno en las secciones sísmicas: modelamiento por elementos finitos by Quintana, Robinson; Céspedes, Sandra; Ghisays, Alfredo; Pérez, Gabriel; Montes, Luis (2002) - La estabilidad de la solucian mediante elementos finitos requiere que las dimensiones de la grilla del modelo satisfa- En uno de los nodos de la grilla, se coloco la fuente en tiern- po cero (en este caso una ondicula de Ricker); luego, un program a desarrollado en c++ bajo Diffpack (Langtangen, 1996) calcula eI campo de onda en todos los elementos para cada intervalo de mues- treo. Keywords: capa; del; elementos; las; onda; por; que; somera; una
• Amenaza sismica por método determinista en el triángulo de fallas Valera-Boconó-Oca en el occidente de Venezuela by Castilla, Raymi A.; Audermard M., Frank A.; Rodríguez, José Antonio (2002) - La figura 8 muestra la distribucion de la sismici- dad en la zona de estudio, evidenciando la ocurrencia de eventos dispersos, no necesariamente asociados de manera directa a las es- tructuras mayores. En eI caso de la figura 9 se tomaron en cuenta solo las magnitudes de los sismos maximos creibles asignados a cada segmento de falla (Audemard, . 2000). Keywords: amenaza; cada; catalogo; como; con; datos; del; esta; fallas; figura; las; los; manera; mas; para; por; que; red; sismica; sismicidad; sismos; una; valor; venezuela
• Cambios temporales del valor de b: ¿Posibles correlaciones con la actividad hidrotermal del volcán Tungurahua? by Molina P., C. Indira; Ruíz, Mario C. (2002) - En contraste, la baja correspondencia entre las va- GEOFislCA COLOMBIANA, 6, OICIEMBRE DE 2002 riaciones del pH y la conductividad con el valor de b podria ser el resultado de la baja confiabilidad de las mediciones 0 ser indicativo que el efecto de la excitacion magmatica subsiste despues de un corto periodo de calma 0 intensa actividad. FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN EL VALOR DE b Entre los factores que pueden alterar el valor de b se encuentra el cambio en la heterogeneidad del material, es decir, que el valor de b aumenta proporcionalmente con la heterogeneidad y densidad de grietas en la roca. Keywords: actividad; altos; con; de b; del; diciembre; energia; entre; las; los; magnitud; mas; para; por; que; ser; una; valor; valor de; valores; volcan
• Monitoreo de emisiones de gas radón vinculado a la actividad microsísmica en la zona de Sampacho, Córdoba, Argentina by Grosso, Virginia; Daga, Romina; Sagripanti, Guillermo; Villalba, Diego (2002) - Las fluctuaciones en algunos parametres fisicos de las rocas pueden utilizarse como geoindicadores precursares en areas bajo amenaza, como modificaciones de la velocidad de la onda sismica P, deformaciones y basculamiento de la superficie, variacion de la resistividad electrica de los materiales, aumento en la ocurrencia de microsismos y modificaciones en las emisiones del gas Radon (Bolt, 1981). El objetivo del presente trabajo es monitorear las emisiones de gas radon para establecer su vinculo con la actividad micro- sismica en proximidades de una seccion de la falla activa Las Lagunas, por medio de la aplicacion de la tecnica del Track-Etch, e intentar establecer un geoindicador precursor de sismos para la misma. Keywords: con; cordoba; del; emisiones; gas; las; los; para; por; que; radon
• Dispersión sísmica por presencia de capas someras de alta velocidad: modelamiento con diferencias finitas by Céspedes, Sandra; Quintana, Robinson; Ghisays, Alfredo; Pérez, Gabriel; Montes, Luis (2002) - Los tiempos de arribo de estas reflexiones presentan distorsiones como consecuen- cia de la geometria de la cap a somera de alta velocidad, distorsiones que pueden ser corregidas por procesamiento convencional, como correcciones estaticas a un nivel. urnax En donde 111 es el intervalo de muestreo en tiempo, I1x es el tamafio de la celda y um., es el valor maximo de la velocidad de propaga- ci6n de las ondas en el modelo. Keywords: alta; capas; con; del; figura; informacion; las; los; modelo; onda; para; por; que; sismica; someras; una; velocidad
• Análisis espacial y temporal de Q-Coda en el Piedemonte Llanero (Colombia) by Duran, Juan P.; Vargas, Carlos A.; Briceño, Luis A. (2002) - Las variaciones relativas de D, muestran una tendencia de la dis- minuci6n de la dimensi6n fractal antes de la ocurrencia de un gran evento; por tanto, los valores de Qc se agrupan en el tiempo. Por otro lado, la variac ion temporal de los minimos valores de Qc (maximas atenuaciones) se correlaciono cualitativamen- te con sismos de magnitud mayor de 3.5 y, adernas, se cuantifico la distribucion temporal de Qc par medio de la dimension fractal, mostrando que la agrupacion de los valores minimos de Qc aumenta antes de la ocurrencia de un evento principal y de- crece su agrupacion despues de la ocurrencia del even to principal. Keywords: anomalia; atenuaci6n; coda; como; con; de qc; del; entre; fractal; las; los; medio; ondas; para; por; que; temporal; tiempo; una; valor
• Determinación de mecanismos focales para temblores pequeños ó moderados: región del Caribe Nororiental by Huerfano Moreno, Victor A. (2002) - Las variaciones relativas de D, muestran una tendencia de la dis- minuci6n de la dimensi6n fractal antes de la ocurrencia de un gran evento; por tanto, los valores de Qc se agrupan en el tiempo. Por otro lado, la variac ion temporal de los minimos valores de Qc (maximas atenuaciones) se correlaciono cualitativamen- te con sismos de magnitud mayor de 3.5 y, adernas, se cuantifico la distribucion temporal de Qc par medio de la dimension fractal, mostrando que la agrupacion de los valores minimos de Qc aumenta antes de la ocurrencia de un evento principal y de- crece su agrupacion despues de la ocurrencia del even to principal. Keywords: anomalia; atenuaci6n; coda; como; con; de qc; del; entre; fractal; las; los; medio; ondas; para; por; que; temporal; tiempo; una; valor
• Resultados del uso de geodesia satelital para estudios geodinámicos en Colombia by Mora-Páez, Hector; Trenkamp, Robert; Kellogg, James; Freymueller, Jeff; Droonez-Villota, Milton (2002) - Si la respuesta instrumental es conocida mediante las tab las de calibracion y el conjunto de polos y ceros, y se tiene un modelo rea- Iista de la velocidad de propagacion de las ondas de cuerpo, al me- nos en las capas superiores, la ecuacion (I) depende solo de !a funcion de la fuente. Azi. PI. t« 2002/09/07 3.5 18.079 -66.074 294 60 168 120 10 2 2002/09/06 3.6 18.135 -66.808 10 280 82 96 152 80 41 ViCTOR A. HUERFANO MORENO RESULTADOS Este rnetodo permite determinar cinco parametres: la profundidad focal, elmomento escalar y la geometria de la falla (azimuth, angu- 10 de hechado y angulo de desgarre). Keywords: con; del; focales; las; los; para; puerto; que; rico; una; zona
• Leyes de atenuación de la intensidad macrosísmica en Colombia by Gómez Capera, Augusto Antonio; Salcedo Hurtado, Elkin de Jesús (2002) - La componente espacial de la amplitud para un armonico mono- cromatico amortiguado esta dado por (Landau y Lifshitz, 1985; Sa- varensky,1975): (1) Donde Ao es la amplitud de la onda en la fuente 0 foco; res la distan- cia de la fuente a un punto sobre la superficie de la tierra; a es el coeficiente de dispersion; a' es el coeficiente de absorcion por disi- pacion no elastica, de tal manera que a = a + a', siendo a el coe- ficiente de amortiguamiento de la onda armonica rnovil; n = -I para Es decir, se ha considera- do obtener leyes de atenuacion de la intensidad sismica que se ajus- ten a sismos que ocurren en la parte mas superficial de la corteza, otro rango que abarque estos prim eros y los que ocurren hasta la profundidad de la base de corteza terrestre en el territorio nacional y, por ultimo, para sismos del manto superior. Keywords: atenuacion; coeficiente; colombia; como; con; datos; del; distancia; energia; fuente; intensidad; isosistas; las; los; macrosismica; onda; para; por; profundidad; que; sismica; sismos; territorio; una; viii
• Optimización en la solución del problema inverso en geofísica usando el algoritmo de entrenamiento supervisado de Levenberg-Marquardt by Figueredo Baez, Yaqueline; Díaz Campos, Ramiro León (2002) - Geofisica Colombiana N° 6 pp 62-65 diciembre de 2002 Bogota, D,C, ISSN - 0121 - 2974 Solucion a un problema estatico en un area con topografia abrupta usando una velocidad de reemplazamiento variable ------------------' LUIS ANTONIO CASTILLO LOPEZ Profesor Asociado, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Curso posgrado en Geofisica e-mail: ic as tillo gacie n c ia s run a l.e d u co CARLOS PEDRAZA Analista Senior, Petroseis t tc a. RESUMEN Teniendo en cuenta que para poder obtener una buena imagen del subsuelo, es necesario que las soluciones estaticas sean las mas acertadas posibles en la etapa inicial del procesamiento, y no gastar tiempo en ensayos con procesos mas sofisticados, sin tener resuelto el problema estatico, se propone implantar un metodo de procesamiento usando un modelo de velocidad de reemplazamiento variable en el calculo de la soluci6n estatica, Se pretende explicar que el valor de la velocidad de reemplazamiento influye notoriamente en la imagen de la estructu- ra, la cual puede verse deformada en gran rnagnitud. La velocidad de la segunda capa es cornunmente usada para Keywords: con; del; las; los; que; superficie; una; velocidad
• Solución a un problema estático en un área con topografía abrupta usando una velocidad de reemplazamiento variable by Castillo López, Luis Antonio; Pedraza, Carlos (2002) - Geofisica Colombiana N° 6 pp 62-65 diciembre de 2002 Bogota, D,C, ISSN - 0121 - 2974 Solucion a un problema estatico en un area con topografia abrupta usando una velocidad de reemplazamiento variable ------------------' LUIS ANTONIO CASTILLO LOPEZ Profesor Asociado, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Curso posgrado en Geofisica e-mail: ic as tillo gacie n c ia s run a l.e d u co CARLOS PEDRAZA Analista Senior, Petroseis t tc a. RESUMEN Teniendo en cuenta que para poder obtener una buena imagen del subsuelo, es necesario que las soluciones estaticas sean las mas acertadas posibles en la etapa inicial del procesamiento, y no gastar tiempo en ensayos con procesos mas sofisticados, sin tener resuelto el problema estatico, se propone implantar un metodo de procesamiento usando un modelo de velocidad de reemplazamiento variable en el calculo de la soluci6n estatica, Se pretende explicar que el valor de la velocidad de reemplazamiento influye notoriamente en la imagen de la estructu- ra, la cual puede verse deformada en gran rnagnitud. La velocidad de la segunda capa es cornunmente usada para Keywords: con; del; las; los; que; superficie; una; velocidad
• Evaluación magnetométrica, radiométrica y geoeléctrica de depósitos esmeraldíferos by Ochoa Gutiérrez, Luis Hernán (2003) - vesar el coluvi6n y encontrar la zona de mineralizacion, Las dimensiones de 15 a 20 ern de ancho y 65 metros de lon- gitud de las venas mineralizadas comparadas con las dimensiones de las zonas albitizadas 0 de alteracion que pueden tener varios metros sugiere que no es factible detectar las venas con precision, justificando la exploracion de las estructuras favorables (falIas) y las zonas de alteracion como primera fase prospectiva, debido a que para la escala del presente trabajo no se pretende detectar venas de dimensiones muy pequeiias, sino simplemente las mani- festaciones de las zonas de mineralizacion, La presencia de pirita, incluso en venas de zonas improduc- tivas, hace que las anomalias encontradas originadas por la pre- sencia de esta Esta caracteristica la presenta la pirita, dentro de las zonas de interes mencionadas. Keywords: anomalias; colombia; como; con; cps; del; depositos; entre; esmeraldas; estudio; interes; las; los; lutitas; macanal; mayor; mediante; metodos; para; por; presencia; que; sitios; una; zonas
• Modelo integrado de información gravimétrica, geológica y de terrenos para los perfiles: Turbo - San Jose del Guaviare y Quibdó - Puerto Berrio by Díaz Campos, Ramiro León; Díaz, Leonardo; Figueredo Báez, Yaqueline (2003) - Entre los dos perfiles se encuentra un punto de inflexi6n en el rumbo de la falla de Romeral a partir del cual se presentan cambios importantes en las componentes de acrecion y de csfuerzos, dando origen a variaciones considera- bles en el modelo de subducci6n. FIGUEREDO BAEZ Grupo de investigaci6n en Geofisica, Departamento de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, e-mail: rldiaz@unal.edu.co RESUMEN EI modelo estructural de la zona de estudio se genera a partir de la integraci6n de la informaci6n gravimetrica, la geologia re- gional y terrenos tectono-estratigraficos, Se analizan dos perfiles AA' (Turbo - San Jose del Guaviare) Keywords: con; cordillera; corteza; del; falla; las; los; perfil; romeral; terrenos; una
• Efectos de las capas someras de alta velocidad en los datos sísmicos aplicados a la detección de hidrocarburos by Guevara, Saul; Salinas, Trino; Piedrahita, Carlos (2003) - Esta informaci6n es afectada generalmente por las capas someras, cu- yas caracteristicas distorsionan los datos provenientes de las capas de interes, usualmente mas profundas. Manuscrito recibido para evaluacon el 24 de julio de 2003. Keywords: alta; capas; caracteristicas; con; del; este; eventos; figura; las; los; modelamiento; modelo; ondas; para; por; que; una; velocidad
• Estudio y simulación de las deformaciones corticales asociadas a la variación del campo gravitacional, usando redes neuronales artificiales by Figueredo Báez, Yaqueline; Díaz, Ramiro (2003) - Las ecuaciones de movimiento de un fluido viscoso que re- flejan el efecto de las fuerzas de presion y de gravedad son (Hans, 1981): (3) en donde EyeS La optimizacion utilizando la estructura cluster y de arquitectu- ra Hopfield son dos metodologias que permiten una buena con- vergencia, inc1uso para estructuras complicadas. Keywords: campo; con; del; figura; las; los; modelo; para; por; problema; que; sistema; una
• Caracterización de depósitos de suelo utilizando geo-radar by Moreno V., Francisco Javier; Montes Vides, Luis Alfredo (2003) - La metodologia de investigaci6n fundarnentalmente consisti6 en medir la variaci6n de la velocidad de las ondas electrornagneticas como funci6n de la naturaleza del suelo, y de parametres como la humedad, la densidad y la resistividad. 42 medir la profundidad de la tabla de agua. Keywords: como; con; del; dielectrica; entre; las; los; ondas; para; por; que; radar; subsuelo; suelo; una; velocidad
• Casos históricos colombianos del registro de anomalías del radón-222 antes de eventos sísmicos de naturaleza tectónica by Serna Valencia, Doris Yaneth; Moran Rodríguez, Estela Catalina; Garzón Valencia, Gustavo; Hernández Silva, Mónica Lucia (2003) - La mayo ria de las estaciones de las redes isotopicas de losobser- vatorios de Ingeominas estan mal instaladas, y por esta razon se re- comienda iniciar con un proceso de evaluacion de los perfiles de los sue los donde se encuentran instaladas. TECTONICS INTRODUCCION Desde hace algunas decadas se han incorporado los estudios isoto- picos en el estudio de los trazos de falla y en la investigacion del estado de actividad tectonica de las mismas. Keywords: anomalias; antes; como; con; del; emisiones; estaciones; figura; gases; isotopicas; las; los; manizales; para; pasto; por; que; radon; radon-222; una
• Detección en línea de onda-P en sismogramas 3-D utilizando redes neuronales by Alzate, Carlos; Castellanos, Germán (2003) - ER i+N-lI (xl(n)2 +x2(n)2) 1/=; (1)i+-N II(Xl (n)2 +x2(n)2 +XJ (nf) t1=1 GEOFislCA COLOMBIANA, 7, DICIEMBR DE 2003 DETECCI6N EN LiNEA DE ONDA.P EN SISMOGRAMAS 3·D UTILIZANDO REDES NEURONALES donde X X2 YX3 son las tres componentes de la sefial sismica, N es el tamafio de la ventana. (9) son medidas discriminantes debido a que miden el grado de polarizacion de una serie de tiempo, y la onda-p es unaonda compresional que general mente esta pola- rizada de forma lineal. Keywords: capa; con; del; deteccion; detector; esta; funcion; las; lineal; los; onda; para; que; ruido; sefial; tiempo; una; valor
• Modelo de velocidades de intervalo en profundidad a partir de función de difracción: aplicación a datos reales by Ortega Galvis, Carlos Augusto; Montes Vides, Luis Alfredo (2003) - To = tiempo de transite de reflexion del rayo central (rayo normal) s; Ao= Matriz de curvatura de la onda cmp D~l Co = Matriz de curvatura de la onda normal La ecuacion (1) por simetria tiene nueve incognitas: una en Ta, dos en Po' tres en B~l Ao Y tres en D~lCO' las cuales pueden esti- marse registrando al menos nueve tiempos de transite, especial- mente seleccionados; para ella se toman los datos al menos en dos configuraciones de la sismica, en este caso Common mid point y zero offset (Montes, 2000). La estirnacion mediante la teoria paraxial de la funcion de tiempos de transito de difraccion a partir de los tiempos de transite de reflex ion permite calcular el valor de la velocidad de intervalo en profundidad, independiente de la complejidad geologica, la geometria del subsuelo y las variaciones de velo- cidad, y en consecuencia es de gran utilidad en los procesos de migracion en profundidad de las secciones sismicas. Keywords: con; del; intervalo; las; los; modelo; para; profundidad; que; tiempos; velocidad
• Quality indices of groundwater for agricultural use in the Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico by Santacruz de León, Germán; Ramos Leal, José Alfredo; Morán Ramírez, Janete; López Álvarez, Briseida; Santacruz de León, Eugenio Eliseo (2017) - ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v21n3.65172 Este trabajo propone un modelo de velocidad media general y un modelo de concentración de sedimentos suspendidos (CSS) para expresar la distribución en cada punto de la sección de cruce del flujo turbulento de cizalla mediante el uso de funciones de densidad de probabilidad (PDF).. RESUMEN Palabras clave: salinidad, sodicidad, presión osmótica, relación de adsorción de sodio, conductividad eléctrica, riego, acuífero. Keywords: agua; algorithm; analysis; aquifer; chiapas; concentration; data; del; density; detection; distribution; equation; fig; flow; function; groundwater; irrigation; journal; mean; method; model; méxico; para; probability; profile; quality; salinity; samples; soconusco; sodium; study; use; values; velocity; water; water quality
• Vichada asteroid impact effects from simulation of regional environmental consequences of a meteoroid impact on Earth by Hernandez Pardo, Orlando; Alexander, G. C. (2018) - Strong positive magnetic anomalies from 100nT to 300nT infer the presence of a hidden local Precambrian crystalline basement that could be affected by intensive faulting producing tectonic blocks, that are dipping to the center of the structure, showing a typical “domino structure” of impact craters such as that of Sudbury, Ontario, Canada (Evans, 1993). The structure has the typical multi-ring shape configuration of large impact structures: A central peak ring impact structure. Keywords: asteroid; consequences; crater; del; diameter; earth; effects; impact; impactor; structure; target; vichada
• Assessing the source and spatial distribution of chemical composition of a rift lake, using multivariate statistical, hydrogeochemical modeling and remote sensing by Noyola-Medrano, Cristina; Ramos-Leal, José Alfredo; López-Alvarez, Briseida; Morán-Ramírez, Janet; Fuentes-Rivas, Rosa María (2019) - A critical review on monitoring of lake water quality and ecosystem information using satellite images: towards a new era of water color remote sensing. Landsat ETM+ images in the estimation of seasonal lake water quality in boreal river basins. Keywords: agua; analysis; chapala; chapala lake; chemical; composition; del; et al; figure; groundwater; group; l-1; lake; lake water; lerma; multivariate; quality; rift; river; sample; surface; values; water; � �
• Soil erosion risk zoning in the Ecuadorian coastal region using geo-technological tools by Pacheco, Henry Antonio; Méndez, Williams; Moro, Armando (2019) - La activación de fuertes procesos erosivos en las vertientes de las cuencas hidrográficas de la provincia de Manabí, representa una seria problemática ambiental que se traduce en la pérdida del valiosísimo recurso suelo, con la consecuente disminución en el rendimiento de la productividad agrícola, el incremento de áreas desprovistas de vegetación, la disminución de la calidad del agua, la intensificación de las inundaciones, entre otras cosas. Los resultados indican la presencia de suelos con escasa o nula protección vegetal, en áreas de pendientes elevadas, pluviosidad considerable y actividades agropecuarias extensivas, lo cual condiciona la fuerte acción de los procesos erosivos, con las consecuencias de bajo rendimiento en la producción agropecuaria, azolve y contaminación de los cuerpos de agua con la consecuente disminución de la calidad de vida en la población, evidenciando la necesidad de implementar políticas, estrategias y acciones, por parte de los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados, orientadas a impulsar el fortalecimiento de capacidades institucionales y comunitarias que promuevan la sostenibilidad ambiental. Keywords: areas; del; ecuador; erosion; erosion risk; erosive; land; low; manabí; map; ndvi; processes; province; rainfall; region; risk; soil; soil erosion; use; vegetation
• The Choiyoi Group in the Cordón del Plata range, western Argentina: structure, petrography and geochemistry by Martinez, Amancay; Gallardo, Adrian; Giambiagi, Laura; Tobares, Laura (2020) - Geología de la vertiente oriental del Cordón del Plata, Cordillera Frontal de Mendoza. Evolución tectónica de la Argentina. Keywords: argentina; choiyoi; cordón; del; faults; figure; giambiagi; group; mendoza; permian; plata; rocks; south; structures; triassic; volcanic; western; × ×
• Historical precipitation patterns in the South-Southeast region of Mexico and future projections by Andrade-Velázquez, Mercedes; Medrano Pérez, Ojilve Ramón (2021) - Méndez-González, J., Návar-Cháidez, J. J., & González-Ontiveros, V. (2008). v25n1.87255 This study analyzed climate change scenarios and their potential impact on water availability for the South-Southeast region (SSR) of Mexico. Keywords: change; climate; climate change; del; doi; et al; events; future; mexico; periods; points; precipitation; rcp; region; scenarios; south; southeast; spi-12; study; usumacinta; water; wet
• Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes by Cano, Néstor Alfredo ; Molano, Juan Carlos; Sepúlveda, Janeth (2022) - These rocks display a wide compositional range in the sub-alkaline spectrum (basalt/gabbro to rhyolite/granite) (Rodríguez et al., 2018; Correa-Martínez et al., 2019; López- Isaza & Zuluaga, 2020; Rodríguez-García & Obando, 2020). Additionally, they show consistent evidence of arc-related magmatism resulting from the subduction of the Farallon plate beneath the western margin of disassembling Pangea (Maze, 1984; Mojica & Kammer, 1995; Bustamante et al., 2010; Leal- Mejía, 2011; Keywords: andes; colombia; del; et al; figure; formation; garcía; ilmenite; jiménez; jurassic; la quinta; magnetite; perijá; plagioclase; quinta; quinta formation; rocks; rodríguez; samples; serranía; south; tap; volcanic

• Computation and Analysis of Geopotential Number in São Paulo, Brazil by Silva, Valéria Cristina; Blitzkow, Denizar ; Almeida, Flávio Guilherme Vaz ; Matos, Ana Cristina Oliveira Cancoro; Guimarães, Gabriel do Nascimento (2022) - En este contexto, el documento tiene como objetivo contribuir con el IHRF, calculando el número geopotencial en el ámbito del IHRF, utilizando la integración numérica para resolver el problema geodésico de valor de frontera y un modelo cuasi-geoide reciente existente en cuatro estaciones en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil. The vertical coordinates are differences ∆Wp, determined between the gravity potential at a given point P (Wp) and W0; such differences in gravity potential are also referred to as geopotential numbers (Cp). Keywords: data; degree; difference; geoid; geopotential; global; gravity; height; ihrf; m2s-2; model; paulo; potential; reference; system; são; tide
• Crustal and tectonic structure of Northern Mozambique inferred by 2D gravity modeling by Das Flores, Onofre; Dutra, Alanna C.; Lucas, Mário; Abdulgani, Isac; Amisse, Caisse (2023) - Estructura crustal y tectónica del norte de Mozambique inferida por modelado de gravedad en 2D RESUMEN Used anomalous magnetic field data to assess whether continental crust exists beneath the northern Natal Valley and Coastal Plains of Mozambique; Muhammed and Mula (2021), which has studied the crustal structure and its tectonic relationships, and other works that focus on the lithospheric structure and its geodynamic implications, e.g. Maia et al., 1990 used altimetry, isostatic response and gravity anomaly data to study the lithosphere of Mozambique Ridge and their results report that the local isostatic response of the lithosphere beneath the Mozambique Ridge suggests an environment on the ridge for its emplacement, assuming the ridge is oceanic. Keywords: anomaly; crust; crustal; data; et al; figure; gravity; lithospheric; map; model; mozambique; nampula; niassa; profile; province; region; thickness; units; values
• Drought and Flood Disaster Control of Agricultural Land and Optimization Method of Planting Structure to Avoid Disaster by Zhang, Yi (2023) - The input-output efficiency refers to the relationship between farmland drought and flood disaster prevention. Construction of input-output efficiency evaluation model for drought and flood prevention of agricultural land Establishment of an evaluation index system According to the concept of input-output efficiency, the evaluation index system of farmland drought and flood disaster prevention was built in Table 2. Keywords: cities; city; disaster prevention; disasters; drought; efficiency; flood control; flood disaster; flood prevention; input; jiangxi; land; model; output; output efficiency; scale; system
• Improving estimates of water resources availability over North Tropical South America: comparison of two satellite precipitation merging schemes by Duque Gardeazabal, Nicolas; García, Camila; Montoya, Juan José; Bernal Quiroga, Fabio Andrés (2024) - The relation of temporal variabilities (alpha) shows that most subbasins with the RFMEP and IDW rainfall fields have very similar temporal variability (near 1.0), and the variability of the DS is higher than IDW and RFMEP variability. J. Vol. 28, No. 1 (March, 2024): 55 - 63 H Y D R O LO G Y ABSTRACT Low-density precipitation measurements impair the ability of hydrological models to estimate surface water resour- ces accurately. Keywords: data; et al; fields; gauges; hydrological; idw; journal; merging; model; performance; precipitation; rainfall; satellite; streamflow; values; water
• Application of Random Forest method in oil and water layer identification of logging data: a case study of the Liaohe depression by Dai, Chunlei; Shi, Shangming; Song, Chao (2023) - Suppose that the proportion of samples of the kth class in the current set of samples D is pk(k = 1, 2, ...), then the information entropy of D is defined as |Y| Meet the conditions 1? Specifically, there are two ways to equalize the number of samples of each type of sample in the sample set. Keywords: data; features; forest; layer; liaohe; method; model; number; oil; sample; water; � �
• Diffraction Separation for the Ground Penetrating Radar Data by Masking Filters by Li, Zhijun; Sun, Hui; Xu, Ruoge; Chen, Rui; Ren, Hongyong; Wang, Chenglang; Gao, Fuliu; Wang, Mingnian (2024) - k k N� � � �( )/ ( )/ , , , ..., 1 2 1 2  i j k k k � �, ,� � � �� � � �1 nx (13) Keywords: data; figure; filter; filtering; median; method; model; radon; separation; transform; wave; � �
• Classification of Remote Sensing Datasets with Different Deep Learning Architectures by Mehmood, Maryam; Hussain, Farhan; Shahzad, Ahsan; Ali, Nouman (2025) - https://doi. org/10.15446/esrj.v28n4.113518 Record Manuscript received: 16/03/2024 Accepted for publication: 22/10/2024 ABSTRACT Remote sensing image classification has great advantages in the areas of environmental monitoring, urban planning, disaster management and many others. According to the literature, from 2014 there has been a drastic evolution in remote sensing image classification (Kuang & He, 2014), the renowned CNN architectures include; Residual Network (Res Net), VGG network, Google Net and, Alex Net (Song, Gao, Zhu, & Ma, 2019). Keywords: accuracy; aid; aider; classification; cnn; data; dataset; image; layers; learning; model; net; network; parameters; resnet50; resolution; sensing; table
• Geophysical characterization and tectonic insights of the Western Meridional Borborema Province in the Northeastern Region of Brazil by Oliveira, Vinicius; Dutra, Alanna Costa; das Flores, Onofre H. D. J. (2024) - Geological context The Borborema Province exhibits a subdivision into three distinct tectonic subprovinces, namely the Northern, Transversal (central), and Southern subprovinces. The Southern Subprovince encompasses the Meridional Borborema Province (MBP), representing a significant tectonic segment within the Borborema Province. Keywords: basin; belt; borborema; borborema province; brazil; crust; crustal; data; depths; domains; et al; figure; kilometers; model; moho; pontal; province; region; riacho; sfc; são
• Study of the structural characteristics of the Earth’s crust in Cao Bang province and adjacent areas using gravity data by Duong Van, Thanh; Pham Nam, Hung; Cao Dinh, Trieu; Cao Dinh, Trong; Thai Anh, Tuan; Mai Xuan, Bach; Nguyen Manh, Luc (2025) - Locations with shallow Moho surface depth values range from 28.77 km to 30 km, appearing in the northern region of Cao Bang province, the southern region of Bac Kan province, and the southeastern region of Lang Son province. Moho depth of the northern Vietnam and Gulf of Tonkin from 3D inverse interpretation of gravity anomaly data. Keywords: anomaly; areas; bang; basement; cao; cao bang; crust; crystalline; data; depth; earth; fault; figure; gravity; model; moho; province; results; study; surface; surface depth
• Three-Dimensional Gravity Interface Inversion Based on Artificial Neural Network and Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithm by Song, Huadong; Fu, Hui; Qin, Jifeng (2025) - Parker’s formula based on fast Fourier transform method plays an important role in gravity interface inversion. However, estimating the geometric shape of a specific geological structure’s interface using gravity data is an ill-posed and non-unique problem. Keywords: algorithm; artificial; cosine; data; density; depth; gravity; interface; inversion; method; model; network; training; transform
• RIO GRANDE CONE TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHIC MODEL – BRAZIL: SEISMIC SEQUENCES by L.L.A, Castillo; T. de S., Kazmierczak; Jr., F., Chemale (2009) - Interpretação Sismoes- tratigrafica da Porção da Bacia de Pelotas que engloba o Cone de Rio Grande e a Avaliação do seu Potencial Petrolífero. Dip seismic line display of Seismic Attribute analysis and seismic stratigraphy interpretation JULIO 6-GEOCIENCIAS-VOL 13-1 2009.prn D:\GEOCIENCIAS 13-1 JUN 2009\GEOCIENCIAS-VOL 13-1 2009.vp martes, 07 de julio de 2009 18:10:50 p p p Composite 133 lpi at 45 degrees a sequence stratigraphic model, and delineated by geomorphological elements like channels. Keywords: attributes; cone; data; faults; figure; geociencias; grande; interpretation; julio; model; rio; rio grande; seismic; sequences; stratigraphy; vol
• SEISMIC HAZARD MAP FOR THE ITALIAN TERRITORY USING MACROSEISMIC DATA by Gómez C., Augusto A. (2006) - Lateral variations of seismic intensity attenuation in Italy. The attenuation of seismic intensity in the Etna region and comparison with other Italian volcanic districts. Keywords: attenuation; data; distance; distribution; earthquakes; figure; hazard; idp; intensity; italy; macroseismic; map; model; relationships
• GROUND SURFACE TEMPERATURE HISTORIES INFERRED FROM 15 BOREHOLES TEMPERATURE PROFILES: COMPARISON OF TWO APPROACHES by Eppelbaum, L.V.; Kutasov, I.M.; Barak, G. (2006) - Deriving century – long trends of surface temperature change from borehole temperatures, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 257-260. • The problem of inverting borehole temperatures to yield a ground surface temperature (GST) is an ill-posed problem, and some constraints are required for a stable solution. Keywords: borehole; change; ground; gsth; model; profiles; surface; table; temperature; warming
• APPLICATION OF A HEURISTIC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF S-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE by Alfaro Castillo, Andrés José (2006) - 42 Andrés José Alfaro Castillo En este estudio se desplegaron siete arreglos para microtemblores en la ciudad de Tsukuba (Japón), ubicada en la parte Nororiental de la cuenca de Kanto, con el fin de determinar la estructura profunda de velocidad de las ondas S. Para determinar las curvas de dispersión de velocidad de fase en el rango de frecuencias 0.3-2.5 Hz se utilizó el método de la autocorrelación espacial SPAC. Adicionalmente, en algunas cuencas, es importante conocer la estructura de los sedimentos profundos, debido al fenómeno de amplificación de ondas de baja frecuencia. Keywords: annealing; array; data; figure; inversion; method; microtremors; model; structure; velocity; wave
• SEISMOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY AT QUINDIO UNIVERSITY (O.S.Q.): A FIRM LONG-TERM STEP TOWARD RESOLVING REGIONAL SEISMICITY by Monsalve Jaramillo, Hugo; Correa Montaño, Isabel Cristina; Valencia, Mina William (2005) - Number of local earthquakes registered by the OSQ, from 1999 to August 2005. la registrada antes de la ocurrencia de los sismos mas importantes de los últimos 42 años. Keywords: armenia; coffee; earthquakes; events; local; magnitude; model; monsalve; observatory; quindío; region; seismicity; university
• PYROCLASTIC FLOW MODELING TO RECONSTRUCT A VOLCANIC EDIFICE IN PAIPA (BOYACÁ-COLOMBIA). by Rodríguez, Óscar; Obando, Milton; Castillo, Luis; Cepeda, Héctor (2004) - Pyroclastic flow deposits were mapped and detailed to reconstruct a volcanic edifice generated during the resurgence. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS It was found that the altitude of the volcanic build was 3100 m.o.s.l., and the friction coefficient a0 is 0.18, value coherent with observations made in other sites with pyroclastic flow deposits generated by dome collapse (figures 7´s and 8). Keywords: alto; colombia; deposits; figure; flows; model; paipa; pyroclastic; sheridan; volcanic
• Analysis and comparison model for measuring tropospheric scintillation intensity for Ku-band frequency in Malaysia by Mandeep, JS; Zali, RM (2011) - Where, = standard deviation (dB) ref = reference standard deviation (dB) g(x) = antenna averaging factor and, ref wetN dB� � � � 3 6 10 103 4. ( ) (7) N e T wet � �3 732 10 5 2 . Comparing these four models showed that the Karasawa model was the best model for predicting scintillation data intensity, as shown in Figure 4 for scintillation signal fading (~26°C temperature (t) and 76% relative humidity, (RH)). Keywords: data; distribution; log; model; prediction; scintillation; signal; � �
• A methodology for the analysis of the Rayleigh-wave ellipticity by Corchete, V (2013) - Shear wave velocity structure of the Sinai Peninsula from Rayleigh wave analysis. Some new theoretical considerations about the ellipticity of Rayleigh waves in the light of site-effect studies in Israel and Mexico. Keywords: analysis; ellipticity; figure; inversion; model; rayleigh; station; velocity; wave; wave ellipticity
• Nonlinear forecasting of stream flows using a chaotic approach and artificial neural networks by Tongal, Hakan (2013) - Additionally, it was found that the correlation dimension (if it existed) could successfully be used in time series where the determina- tion of the input structure is difficult because of high inter-dependency, as in stream flow time series. Artificial neural network model as a potential alternative for groundwater salinity forecasting. Keywords: correlation; dimension; ffnn; flow; forecasting; function; model; number; river; series; time; values
• Application of Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Shaft and Tip Resistances of Concrete Piles by Momeni, Ehsan; Nazir, Ramli; Jahed Armaghani, Danial; Maizir, Harnedi (2015) - There are numerous methods for assessing pile bearing capacity and its distribution. In another study, Lee and Lee (1995) employed ANN for estimation of pile bearing capacity. Keywords: ann; artificial; bearing; bearing capacity; capacity; data; engineering; figure; model; network; pda; pile; rmse; shaft; testing; tip
• Uncertainty in rainfall input data in a conceptual water balance model: effects on outputs and implications for predictability by Muñoz, Enrique; Tume, Pedro; Ortíz, Gabriel (2014) - Additionally, to quantify the propagation of rainfall uncertainty effects, Table 3 presents a summary of the average width of the uncertainty bands (in m3/s) for the different variations in the rainfall data. As hydrological models become more prevalent in water resources planning and management, increasing levels of detail and precision are needed. Keywords: bands; basin; calibration; data; figure; flows; model; outputs; parameters; period; rainfall; range; uncertainty; water
• Climate variability and its impacts on runoff in the Kosasthaliyar sub-basin, India by Balambal, Usha; Mudgal, B. V. (2014) - These downscaled data are used to study runoff changes due to climate change for the Kosasthaliyar sub-basin in South India. 49Climate Variability and its impacts on runoff in the Kosasthaliyar sub-basin, India Conclusions In this study, runoff changes due to climate change were investigated for the Kosasthaliyar sub-basin, South India. Keywords: basin; change; chennai; climate; data; future; model; rainfall; runoff; study; water
• Geostatistical Analysis for delineating sterile inclusions in Sidi Chennane' phosphatic series, Morrocco by Baba, Khadija; Bahi, Lahcen; Ouadif, Latifa (2014) - Resistivity data were analyzed using geostatistics (variogram) in order to describe and quantify the spatial continuity. Analysis of phosphate deposit disturbances using the horizontal gradient responses of resistivity data (Oulad Abdoune Morocco). Keywords: baba; data; figure; kriging; los; model; phosphate; resistivity; study
• Compression ratio of municipal solid waste simulation using artificial neural network and adaptive neurofuzzy system by Mokhtari, Maryam; Heshmati R., Ali Akbar; Shariatmadari, Nader (2014) - Key words: Municipal solid waste, Compression ratio, Physical properties, ANFIS model, ANN model, Statistical criteria The compression ratio of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is an essential parameter for evaluation of waste settlement. Earlier experimental works introduced such parameter as dry unit weight, water content, and contribution percentage of biodegradable organic materials (paper, food wastes, and yard wastes) as the most significant factors which affect the compressibility of municipal solid waste. Keywords: anfis; ann; compression; data; input; layer; model; municipal; network; ratio; testing; training; values; waste
• Water temperature prediction in a subtropical subalpine lake using soft computing techniques by Samadianfard, Saeed; Kazemi, Honeyeh; Kisi, Ozgur; Liu, Wen-Cheng (2016) - Also, some attempts have been made to relate lake water temperature to meteorological parameters such as air temperature. A review of statistical water temperature models. Keywords: anfis; ann; data; figure; gep; lake; model; network; parameters; prediction; results; surface; table; techniques; temperature; water; water temperature
• Isostatic Crustal Thickness Under The Tibetan Plateau And Himalayas From Satellite Gravity Gradiometry Data by Tenzer, Robert; Bagherbandi, Mohammad; Sjöberg, Lars E; Novák, Pavel (2015) - Fig.7 VMM Moho depths (in km) corrected for the non-isostatic effect. Isostatic gravity gradients We applied the gravimetric forward modeling technique to compute the VMM isostatic gravity gradient with a spectral resolution complete to degree 250 of spherical harmonics. Keywords: bagherbandi; correction; crustal; data; density; depths; fig; gradient; gravity; gravity gradient; model; moho; sjöberg; tenzer; vmm
• Land ecological security assessment for Yancheng city based on catastrophe theory by Liang, Wang; Zhengfu, Bian; Hongquan, Chen (2014) - Using the catastrophe theory and pressure-state- response (PSR) model, the purpose of the research was to judge the degree of land ecological security in Yancheng city from 2002 to 2011 and determine the requirements to ensure the sustainable development of this region. The objective is to demonstrate the method and evaluate the degree of land ecological security in Yancheng city from 2002 to 2011 as a tool to determine the requirements to ensure sustainable development of this region. Keywords: assessment; catastrophe; city; control; eco; indices; land; level; model; security; state; theory; yancheng
• Estimation of IDF Curves of Extreme Rainfall by Simple Scaling in Northern Oueme Valley, Benin Republic (West Africa) by Agbazo, Médard Noukpo; Koto N'Gobi, Gabin; Kounouhewa, Basile; Alamou, Eric; Afouda, Abel; Akpo, Aristide (2016) - Bendjoudi, et al. (1997) used a multifractal point of view on rainfall IDF curves. Recently, Özger, et al. (2010) focused on the scaling properties of rainfall at 43 rain gauge stations in Texas; Ceresseti (2011) used a multifractal point of view on rainfall IDF curves in France to characterize IDF curves; Ghanmi (2014) developed regional relationship for ungauged locations based on the scaling theory in Tunisia. Keywords: benin; curves; data; duration; et al; frequency; idf; intensity; min; model; properties; rainfall; scale; scaling; simple; stations; time
• Estimation of daily soil temperature via data mining techniques in semi-arid climate conditions by Sattari, Mohammad Taghi; Dodangeh, Esmaeel; Abraham, John (2017) - Over past decades, remote sensing techniques have also been utilized to measure and predict soil temperature over large areas but a major drawback of this approach is the availability of soil temperature data in the top few centimeters (Elshorbagy and Parasuraman, 2008). Error analysis of temperature predictions at different soil depths indicates that all three models perform well in predicting surface soil temperature data rather than at deeper depths. Keywords: algorithm; anfis; data; depth; layer; model; node; output; soil; soil temperature; temperature; tree; values
• Numerical Simulation of Shock Response and Dynamic Fracture of a Concrete Dam Subjected to Impact Load by Lu, Lu; Li, Xin; Zhou, Jing; Chen, Genda; Yun, Dong (2016) - When extreme events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and tornadoes took place, concrete dams can be subject to extensive shaking and wave impact. Concrete dams are thoroughly studied in this paper both experimentally and numerically to understand their behavior and failure modes. Keywords: concrete; dam; dams; figure; fracture; impact; model; pressure; structures; time
• Research into the effects of seawater velocity variation on migration imaging in deep-water geology by Sun, Hui; Sun, Jianguo; Han, Fuxing; Sun, Zhangqing; Liu, Zhiqiang; Liu, Mingchen; Huang, Xingguo (2016) - Figure 4 shows that when seawater migration velocity is quite low, the orbit of pulse imaging points is the one above the true orbit. In seawater velocity model including horizontally stratified medium, each interface can still be recognized in migration section even when there is a significant difference between mv and true seawater velocity. Keywords: depth; interface; m/s; migration; model; movement; seawater; seawater velocity; velocity
• Full waveform inversion in time and frequency domain of velocity modeling in seismic imaging: FWISIMAT a Matlab code by Singh, Sagar; Kanli, Ali Ismet; Mukhopadhyay, Sagarika (2018) - The governing equation for time domain FWI is non-homogeneous 2D acoustic wave equation (Eq. 2). However, for this study a resampled velocity model (true velocity model) is used as illustrated in Figure 5. Keywords: domain; equation; frequency; inversion; k k; model; time; velocity; wave; waveform
• Derivation of Soil Moisture using Modified Dubois Model with field assisted surface roughness on RISAT-1 data by Palanisamy, Thanabalan; R, Vidhya (2018) - In order to quantatively compare the profiles and measure the spatial characteristics the spatial wave number (k) and spatial scale (2π) is used for estimating the surface roughness from soil moisture data using backscatter SAR (Evans 1992; Wang 2011; Fresnel 2005). ABSTRACT Keywords: Soil moisture, surface roughness, Modified Dubois Model, Topp’s model, RISAT 1-SAR. Keywords: data; dubois; field; land; model; moisture; radar; remote; roughness; sar; soil; soil moisture; surface
• The model of direct relative orientation with seven constraints for geological landslides measurement and 3D reconstruction by Chen, Yifu; Xie, Zhong; Qiu, Zhenge; Zhang, Min; Zhong, Saishang (2016) - This model can directly calculate the eight unknowns 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9, , , , , , ,L L L L L L L L with eight or more conjugate points without approximate values. Model of direct relative orientation with constraints During the conventional model of direct relative orientation, the eight parameters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9, , , , , , ,L L L L L L L L can be calculated when the value of BX is fixed. Keywords: accuracy; b b; l b; l l; model; orientation; � �
• Evaluation of variable permeability model in simulation of seismic behavior of uniform level and gently sloping sand layers by Ghassemi, Ali; Seyfi, S.; Shahir, H. (2020) - Evaluation of variable permeability model in simulation of seismic behavior of uniform level and gently sloping sand layers. ABSTRACT Evaluation of variable permeability model in simulation of seismic behavior of uniform level and gently sloping sand layers Evaluación del modelo variable de permeabilidad en la simulación del comportamiento sísmico de capas arenosas planas y ligeramente inclinadas ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n3.60654 En este estudio se presenta un modelo parejo dinámico de los elementos finitos para la simulación numérica del nivel de respuesta de las capas de una cuesta arenosa saturada objeto de una carga cíclica. Keywords: experiment; layer; liquefaction; loading; model; numerical; permeability; pressure; results; sand; settlement; simulation; soil; surface
• Solution and type curves for the seepage model of the water-bearing coalbed with leakage recharge by Chen, Wangang; Yang, Yu; Sun, Hansen; Zhang, Chengwei; Wen, Qin; Li, Yanyan (2017) - A group of pressure derivative type curves (Figure 3) are drawn, with as ordinate against as abscissa and -2S Deb as the curve parameter. According to the definitions of dimensionless pressure, dimensionless time and dimensionless radius, the dimensionless partial differential equation is obtained after simplification. Keywords: coalbed; curves; dimensionless; layer; leakage; model; pressure; seepage; type; water
• Prediction of Hub Height Winds over the Plateau Terrain by using WRF /YSU/Noah and Statistical Forecast by Deng, Hua; Li, Yan; Zhang, Yingchao; Zhou, Hou; Cheng, Peipei; Wang, Jia; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel (2017) - The WRF/YSU/Noah outputs without any post-processing show the lowest average 70-m wind speeds, which indicates that the NWP model outputs combined with statistical techniques are necessary for wind speed forecast. The three time-scale forecasting successfully forecast the westerly (from SSW to NNW) speed at 05012, and the nowcasting shows a significant degree of improvement in wind speed forecasting at all four sites. Keywords: ann; forecast; forecasting; model; noah; prediction; speed; statistical; svm; term; time; wind; wind speed; wrf; ysu
• Coordinate Transformation between Global and Local Datums Based on Artificial Neural Network with K-Fold Cross-Validation: A Case Study, Ghana by Ziggah, Yao Yevenyo; Youjian, Hu; Tierra, Alfonso Rodrigo; Laari, Prosper Basommi (2019) - The present authors were also motivated to apply the KCV approach on Ghana geodetic reference network data for several reasons. Consequently, this study, for the first time, explored the potential of using K-fold cross-validation method in the performance assessment of radial basis function neural network and Bursa-Wolf model under data- insufficient situation in Ghana geodetic reference network. Keywords: bursa; coordinates; cross; data; fold; ghana; horizontal; model; network; parameters; performance; rbfnn; reference; study; subset; table; testing; training; transformation; validation; war; wolf; ziggah
• An alternative method to improve gravity field models by incorporating GOCE gradient data by Wan, Xiaoyun; Ran, Jiangjun (2018) - Combing EGM2008 with GOCE gravity field models. However, as the large quantity of data makes the computational cost of this process prohibitive, an alternative method is to utilize GOCE gravity gradient data to improve existing gravity field models that have been derived from other kinds of observations. Keywords: data; eigen5c; field; goce; gradient; gravity; model
• Mean velocity and suspended sediment concentration profile model of turbulent shear flow with probability density function by Wu, Guanglin; Zhu, Liangsheng; Li, Fangcheng (2017) - Other laws for turbulent velocity profile or concentration profile are based on an indirect turbulence model (Bucci et al., 2008; Nucci and Fiorucci, 2011). Thus, the upper mean velocity will increase along with an increasing value of m. The curve shape fits turbulent velocity profile when the value of m is lower in this case, such as m=0.25, 0.1 and 0.01. Keywords: density; flow; function; mean; model; probability; profile; shear; ssc; velocity
• Spatial Quality Control Method for Surface Temperature Observations Based on Multiple Elements by Ye, Xiaoling; Yang, Xing; Xiong, Xiong; Yang, Shuai; Chen, Yang (2017) - - Additionally, the main reason for the performance difference between the SRT method and RF method is the sparse distribution of neighboring stations or low spatial correlation between values. However, surface observation stations are easily affected by the gross error and random error during the data acquisition process. Keywords: control; correlation; data; error; method; model; observations; pca; quality; srt; stations; target; temperature
• Online Outlier Detection for Time-varying Time Series on Improved ARHMM in Geological Mineral Grade Analysis Process by Zhao, Jianjun; Zhoub, Junwu; Su, Weixing; Liu, Fang (2017) - ARHMM outlier detection algorithm also composed of two steps: One step-- Preliminary detection From Equation 1, we can see that there is a deviation between estimated process data by AR model and real process data. Subsequent simulation by model data and practical application verify the accuracy, robustness, and property of online detection of the algorithm. Keywords: algorithm; analysis; arhmm; data; detection; grade; method; mineral; model; order; outlier; time
• PNN-based Rockburst Prediction Model and Its Applications by Zhou, Yu; Wang, Tingling (2017) - According to the mechanism of rock burst, rocks’ maximum tangential stress σө, rocks’ uniaxial compressive strength σc, rocks’ uniaxial tensile strength σt and elastic energy index Wet are defined as the criterion indices for rock burst prediction in the proposed PNN-model. Applying our proposed prediction model to rock burst prediction of this engineering, the result of prediction is light rock burst activity. Keywords: burst; classification; method; model; neural; pnn; prediction; results; rock; rock burst; training
• Seasonal Hydrological and Meteorological Time Series by Cepeda Cuervo, Edilberto; Achcar, Jorge Alberto; Andrade, Marinho G. (2018) - Different time series models as ARMA and higher orders of MA models have been used by some authors when considering hydrologic regionalization of watersheds (see for example, Chiang et al., 2002 a, b; Wang et al., 2015). In many studies, hydrologists also use time series data to display the amount of rainfall that has fallen in a region for the past day, year or a period of 10 years (see for example, Guimaraes& Santos, 2011, and Lee & Lee, 2000). Keywords: analysis; beta; data; distribution; hydrological; mean; model; parameters; seasonal; series; time; time series; variance
• Evolution Laws of Mining-induced Stress in Floor Strata and Its Influence on the Stability of a Floor Roadway Affected by Overhead Mining by Wang, Pu; Jiang, Lishuai; Ma, Changqing; Yuan, Anying (2020) - Keywords: Overhead mining; floor roadway; mining-induced stress; roadway stability. The evolution of mining-induced stress in the floor with different horizontal distances between working face and floor roadway was examined using universal distinct element code (UDEC) numerical simulation; the stability of the floor roadway was analyzed. Keywords: coal; deformation; effect; face; figure; floor roadway; floor stress; mining; mining stress; model; overhead; rocks; stress; working
• The Model for Dilution Process of Landslide Triggered Debris Flow —A Case of Guanba River in Tibet Southeastern Plateau by Li, Jun; Chen, Ningsheng (2018) - Understanding and modeling the downstream dilution process of a landslide triggered debris flow is the foundation for recognizing the boundary condition and dilution mechanism of this type of debris flow, and this serves as the theoretical basis for the categorized control of viscous debris flows, diluted debris flows, hyperconcentration flows and flash floods in a drainage basin. According to the correlation between the debris flow density and the water-soil ratio and channel gradient, we have established the density evaluation model for the debris flow dilution process, which can predict the dilution process of a landslide triggered debris flow. Keywords: channel; channel gradient; debris flow; density; dilution process; flow density; flow dilution; flows; gradient; guanba; model; ratio; river; section; soil; water; water flow
• A mathematical approach for assessing landslide vulnerability by Martinez-Carvajal, Hernan Eduardo; de Moraes Guimaraes Silva, Maria Tamara; Garcia-Aristizabal, Edwin Fabian; Aristizabal-Giraldo, Edier Vicente; Larios-Benavides, Mayra Alejandra (2018) - A mathematical approach for assessing landslide vulnerability. ABSTRACT Keywords: Landslide vulnerability; quantitative vulnerability; vulnerability assessment; landslide risk analysis; vulnerability T-Model. Keywords: aristizábal; assessment; buildings; damage; debris; equation; figure; flow; gradient; hazard; intensity; landslide; landslide vulnerability; mass; model; resistance; risk; table; values; vulnerability
• Hydraulic fracturing considerations: Insights from analogue models, and its viability in Colombia by Martínez-Sánchez, Dilan Arturo; Jiménez Díaz, Giovanny (2019) - 14 Martínez-Sánchez, Dilan A, Jiménez, Giovanny CONCLUSIONS The experimental assemblage made is an appropriate tool to study the generation of hydraulic fractures, due to the good scaling process of the materials. Hydraulic fracturing considerations: insights from analogue models, and its viability in Colombia. Keywords: anisotropies; bed; colombia; faults; figure; fluid; fractures; fracturing; gelatin; hydraulic; model; phase; ratio; sand; zone
• Updating the probability of failure of rock wedges by Hernandez-Carrillo, Rodrigo; Beltran, Gloria (2019) - Input random sets on bedding plane friction angle Year Bedding plane friction angle (º) Input random sets on bedding dip and dip direction Year ID Bedding Dip direction (°) Dip (°) Keywords: analysis; dip; evidence; failure; function; information; input; model; probability; reliability; rock; safety; set; sets; slope; stability; wedge
• High-precision Joint 2D Traveltime Calculation for Seismic Processing by Sun, Hui; Meng, Fanchang; Zhang, Zhihou; Gao, Cheng; Liu, Mingchen (2018) - Joint traveltime calculation method greatly improves the calculation accuracy of the source’s surrounding area and the calculation accuracy of FMM. Currently, traveltime calculation methods can mainly be divided into three kinds, including ray-based methods, finite difference methods, and new ray tracing methods based on graph processing techniques. Keywords: band; calculation; calculation method; fmm; grid; method; model; nodes; ray; sun; traveltime; traveltime calculation; wfc
• Characteristics and Numerical Runout Modeling Analysis of the Xinmo Landslide in Sichuan, China by Yang, Longwei; Wang, Wenpei; Zhang, Nan; Wei, Yunjie (2020) - Therefore, it is very necessary to study the stability of old landslides in populated areas, calculate the scope of disaster mitigation for old landslides, and take the corresponding measures to prevent similar disasters. Additionally, the scraping effect of the landslide was quantitatively analyzed and the scraping depth was calculated across a range of 3 m to 10 m during landslide movement. Keywords: accumulation; analysis; avalanche; body; china; debris; distance; figure; landslide; mass; model; movement; rock; sliding; source; volume; wang; xinmo landslide; zone
• Research on the establishment of a mining subsidence prediction model under thick loose layer and its parameter inversion method by Li, Jingxian ; Yu, Xuexiang ; Chen, Deshu ; Fang, Xinjian (2021) - W y W y S sin r y S r GM GM GM GM GM ( )= × − × +( )( ) + −( )      0 1 1 2 1 sin θ α α/ / ++                 −( )= × − −( )× +( ) 1 0 1 2W y L W y D S sin sinGM GM( / )θ α α // ( / ) / The specific steps of calculating mining subsidence prediction parameters with the ICSA are shown in Figure 3. Keywords: coal; error; face; gm parameters; icsa; layers; method; mining; mining subsidence; model; parameters; pim; subsidence; value; working
• The Comprehensive Treatment of the Ancient Landslide Deformable Body in the Giant Deep Rock Bedding based on the FLAC Analysis Model by Zhou, Hongsheng; Wang, Yunsheng; Shen, Tong; Feng, Qianqian (2019) - Deformation and cracks of tunnel landslide in Jimei 305The Comprehensive Treatment of the Ancient Landslide Deformable Body in the Giant Deep Rock Bedding based on the FLAC Analysis Model Furthermore, assuming that the velocity component of node was ui, then the constant strain triangular element was obtained on the basis of the Gauss’s theorem: ∂υ ∂x A u n s For the supporting scheme of landslide deformation, it is necessary to analyze the sliding surface and the sliding bed characteristics of the landslide and deformable body, and calculate the stability and the thrust value of the landslide and the deformation body, so as to provide data basis for the choice of treatment plan. Keywords: analysis; body; condition; construction; deformation; engineering; landslide; model; sliding; slope; treatment; tunnel
• Advance of research on the numerical simulation of sediment transport in the Yellow River estuary by Jian, Jinfeng; Chen, Huanzhen (2019) - Considering the influence of turbulence, tidal current, wave and the assumption of hydrostatic pressure distribution, By performing Reynolds average, wave period average and water depth average on the three- dimensional sediment transport model, a planar two-dimensional sediment transport model composed of hydrodynamic model (water flow continuous equation, water flow movement equation) and sediment transport model (sediment continuous equation, riverbed deformation equation) can be obtained (Yang, 1993; On the basis of referring to relevant literature and combining with our research work, this paper attempts to make a brief analysis and comment on the current situation of numerical simulation of sediment transport problem in estuaries, and put forward its own views and opinions on the future development, with a view to benefiting. Keywords: element; estuary; finite; method; model; numerical; river; sediment; sediment transport; simulation; transport; water
• Inversion Technique of Physical Parameters Based on Regularization Extension Depth Constraint by Wang, Yang; Li, Jun; Wang, Xuben; Jian, Xingxiang (2019) - Magnetic source gravity anomaly of sphere model Figure 4. The principal curve of magnetic source gravity anomaly and its regularization downward extension fracture surface Regularization continuation depth constrained inversion of superimposed gravity and magnetic anomalies In order to carry out theoretical calculation and verification, a 201 × 201 mesh is designed in this paper. Keywords: anomaly; continuation; depth; field; gravity; magnetic; model; regularization; source
• Shear Damage Mechanism and Early Warning Study of Shale Standard Layer Casing by Wang, Suling; Wang, Xuefei; Chen, Minzhan; Xie, Wenqi; Zhang, Ziheng; Yang, Lei (2020) - The simulation results are compared with actual logging results of Daqing Oilfield, the rationality of the numerical model is verified and a simulation method of standard casing damage is proposed. Three-level orthogonal numerical simulation experiments were carried out for the five factors affecting casing damage. Keywords: casing; casing damage; damage; data; deformation; layer; model; plastic; strain; ⋅ ⋅
• A prediction model of mining subsidence in thick loose layer based on probability integral model by Li, Jingxian; Yu, Xuexiang; Liang, Ya (2020) - A prediction model of mining subsidence in thick loose layer based on probability integral model. ABSTRACT A prediction model of mining subsidence in thick loose layer based on probability integral model Modelo de predicción de subsidencia en minas para una capa gruesa e inestable con base en el modelo integral de probabilidad ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n3.90111 El método integral de probabilidad es el modelo de predicción de subsidencia en minas más utilizado, pero solo es aplicable a las condiciones geológicas ordinarias de la minería. Keywords: coal; influence; integral; method; mining; model; probability; radius; subsidence; surface
• The switching control method for the nonlinear response of seismic surface based on the local T-S model by Jiang, Yudong; Luo, Jinming; Azarkhosh, Hojatallah; Wu, Erjun (2020) - When the controller has additive perturbation, the convergence speed of the state response of the method in this paper is fast and stable, which shows the accuracy of the method in this paper for the switching control of seismic surface nonlinear response. In addition to the application of this paper in the study of switching control of seismic surface response, it can also be applied to the air-to-air vehicle, for example. Keywords: control; controller; method; model; nonlinear; response; seismic; surface; switching
• Finite Element Analysis Method of Slope Stability based on Fuzzy Statistics by Wang, Zhongjie ; Lin, Min (2021) - According to the American api code, the friction force f EI d= / of soft clay to the unit area of rock soil slope is not greater than the undrained shear strength cu of soft clay; the maximum end resistance stress (soil reaction at the bottom of slope) is 9cu. Finite element analysis of the stability of rock soil slope The key factor to determine the stability of rock soil slope is the embedment of foundation soil. Keywords: analysis; calculation; displacement; element; finite; method; model; rock; rock slope; rock soil; slope structure; soil slope; stability; stress; structure; value
• Runoff Curve Number (CN model) Evaluation Under Tropical Conditions by Calero Mosquera, Daniela; Hoyos Villada, Fanny ; Torres Prieto, Enrique A. (2022) - Therefore, the “Standard asymptotic adjustment method” was used, obtaining the following adjustment =0.95): In Equation 12, a CN∞ of 44.62 was defined for high rainfall events and it describes the CNQ trend in the case of rainfall events of significant magnitude, however it is a much lower CN value than those analyzed in the set of data presented in Figure 8 (Hawkins, 1993). In addition, rainfall events where found the SCS-CN model assume runoff as (zero), while the observed data reported runoff. Keywords: antecedent; cn model; cnq; curve; data; et al; events; hawkins; micro; model; moisture; rainfall; runoff; scs; soil; watershed

• Exploring the Potential of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) Platform for Analysing Forest Disturbance Patterns with Big Data by Çinar, Tunahan; Aydin, Abdurrahim (2024) - Inter Comparison of Post-Fire Burn Severity Indices of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Imagery Using Google Earth En- gine. Rezaei, M. M. H., Valizadeh, K. K., Rostamzadeh, H., & Rezaei, A. (2014). Keywords: analysis; areas; classification; data; detection; drought; earth; engine; et al; forest; gee; google; imagery; index; los; platform; satellite; sensing; severity; study; vci; vegetation; wildfire; windthrow
• Utilización de redes neuronales para la determinación de respuestas de sitio a partir de Ondas coda Aplicación para Armenia Colombia by Vargas Jiménez, Carlos A.; Monsalve, Hugo; Bermúdez, María L.; Cuenca, Julio C. (2001) - donde P;j son parametres de la conexi6r. la confiabilidad de la coda normalizada para encontrar amplificaciones de sitio relativas y compararlas con medidas a partir de ondas directas. Keywords: coda; como; componentes; con; figura; las; los; neuronal; ondas; para; partir; que; red; sitio; una
• Modelamiento sísmico utilizando teoría de rayos en medios transversalmente isotrópicos: teoría y ejemplos by Piedrahita, Carlos; Salinas, Trino; Guevara, Saúl (2002) - El objetivo de este experimento es observar las diferencias entre ese mismo modelo cuando los materiales son isotropicos y anisotropicos, En particular, se analiza la anisotropia en dos casos: cuando el angulo de simetria de todos los bloques es 0 grados y cuando el angulo de simetria es +40 grados, respectivamente. En el presente trabajo hacernos un resumen de las propiedades basicas de un medio rransversalrnente isotropico (TI). Keywords: c33; como; con; este; figura; las; los; modelo; onda; para; que; rayos; simetria
• Nota editorial by Montes Vides, Luis Alfredo (2003) - Recibimos con beneplacito la propuesta de creacion de una carrera de estudios de pregrado en geofisica por parte de! departamento de geociencias de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, la cual sera bien recibida por parte de la industria y de los circulos intelectuales del pais, por su natu- raleza innovadora ante los retos que asume frente a la sociedad y la comunidad cientifica. Henos un afio despues, nuevamente aqui, con la publicacion del septimo numero de la revista Geofisica Colombiana, en la cual, con gran teson y mediante el esfuerzo encomiable de investiga- dores latinoamericanos de las ciencias de la tierra, presentamos a la comunidad cientifica los resul- tados de investigaciones en los campos de la geofisica. Keywords: los; que
• Análisis de la amplitud referenciada con trayectorias de rayo y su aplicación en AVO by Bohórquez Q., Jesús G.; Montes, Luis A. (2003) - TRA YECfORIAS DE RAYO Y SU APLlCACl6N EN AVO de las series de Taylor alrededor de un punto de la funcion para cada factor de la ecuacion (3), podemos escribir que: 1 Arp.l X ,t,,) Arp.i( X~ ,tn 1_ Arpl.i(X,,,,tl,,) Arp,,,.i(XI~,tl~)- WI - WI~ o - W o - Will El modelo de ajuste de la ecuacion (4) cuantifica y discrimina la velocidad de ondas-S, w, densidad, r, atenuacion por absorci6n y divergencia geometrica, K, y angulos de incidencia, t, dado un modelo inicial propuesto, que se calculo en este proyecto usando relaciones petrograficas empiricas. TEORIA La reflexi6n y transmision de ondas planas en un limite plano entre dos medios isotropicos son dos de los temas de estudio mas funda- mentales en la propagaci6n de ondas, La leyes que gobieman la reflexion y transmision de onda en el limite de dos medios se enfocan desde el punto de vista geome- trico 0 Keywords: amplitud; analisis; avo; coeficientes; como; con; dos; entre; figura; interface; las; los; mas; modelo; offset; onda; para; por; que; rayo; reflexion; son; transmision; una
• Thermal evolution of Los Cuervos formation in the southern area of the Cesar sub-basin (Colombia), based on geochemical and petrophysical data by Avendaño, Gladys Marcela; Cruz, Luis Felipe; Cruz, Luis Enrique; Garcia, Mario (2021) - ABSTRACT Thermal evolution of Los Cuervos formation in the southern area of the Cesar sub-basin (Colombia), based on geochemical and petrophysical data Evolución termal de la formación Los Cuervos, en el área sur de la subcuenca Cesar, con base en datos geoquímicos y petrofísicos ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n2.86025 La complejidad tectónica a la cual fue sometida la cuenca Cesar-Ranchería durante el Cenozoico generó cambios en la evolución de su sistema petrolífero. Other authors such as Mesa and Rengifo (2011) pointed out that about 50 wells were drilled in the Cesar sub-basin and it was determined a petroleum system in the sub-basin consisting of source rocks: Lagunitas, Aguas Blancas, La Luna, Molino, and Los Cuervos formations; reservoir rocks: with fractured reservoirs of Lagunitas and Aguas Blancas formations; and seal rocks: represented by a thick mudstone sequence of the Molino Formation. Keywords: analysis; anh; basin; cerezos-1x; cesar; colombia; cuervos; data; eocene; figure; formation; geochemical; loma-2; los; los cerezos-1x; ro%; sub; wells

• Una solución al problema inverso en geomagnetismo by Díaz, Ramiro L. (1992) - Conociendo los datos de anomalías magnéticas y por medio de un programa qu e ejecuta un proceso iterativo eficiente, se determina la estructura bidimensional bajo el perfil muestreado . El método consiste en solucionar un sistema móvil de ecuaciones no lineales a lo largo de un perfil magnético, en lo posible perpendicular a la estructura. Keywords: que
• Nota editorial by Geofísica, Colombiana (2000) - La aplicaci6n de la fisica atrnosferica, muestra en el articulo de Montoya y Eslava su aplicaci6n en el caso de las tormentas electricas en la Sabana de Bogota y, siguiendo con corrientes electricas, San in y Briceno muestran la posibilidad de aplicar metodos de alta resoluci6n mediante cortes verticales con la nueva Desde nuestra anterior edici6n hasta la fecha han sucedido, en el ambito nacional, diversos hechos que deben conducir a reflexi6n y a acciones en el campo de la geofisica. Keywords: con; geofisica; que
• Maestría en geofísica, una nueva opción en las geociencias by Briceno Guarupe, Luis Alberto (2000) - EL PROGRAMA MAESTRIA EN GEOFISICA Objetivos: • Obtener un mejor entendimiento de la dinarnica, estructura y composici6n de la tierra y aplicar ese conocimiento en la • Incentivar y fortalecer los grupos de investiqacion en las diferentes lineas de la Geofisica, para colaborar con el desarrollo integral de la region. Keywords: con; geociencias; geofisica; las; que
• Nota editorial by Geofísica, Colombiana (2001) - Estamos alentando a la nueva generaci6n de cientificos de la tierra a mostrar sus trabajos y producciones, quienes de una manera tesonera y patri6tica y la confianza en un futuro prornetedor para las generaciones venideras, y 10que nos sostiene con el indeclinable animo de participar en esta tarea mancomunada de la producci6n y continuidad de esta, su revista Geoftsica Colombiana. Keywords: que; universidad

• Material damping in a stratified soil deposit by Díaz, Miguel A.; Mánica, Miguel A.; Botero, Eduardo; Ovando-Shelley, Efraín; Osorio, Luis (2023) - Results provide relevant insights into the performance of the adopted damping formulations and the selection of material damping parameters to reproduce results of equivalent linear analyses. Results provide relevant insights into the performance of the adopted damping formulations and the selection of material damping parameters to reproduce the results of equivalent linear analyses. Keywords: analyses; damping; figure; flac; linear; models; motion; response; shake; shear; soil; stiffness
• Genesis, mineralogy, and geochemistry of soil profiles developed on volcanic materials under semi-arid conditions from Central Anatolia-Turkey by Özaytekin, Hasan; Uzun, Cihan; Dedeoğlu, Mert (2024) - J. Vol. 27, No. 4 (December, 2023): 425 - 436 SO IL S Genesis, mineralogy, and geochemistry of soil profiles developed on volcanic materials under semi-arid conditions from Central Anatolia-Turkey Hasan Hüseyin Özaytekin1*, Cihan Uzun2, Mert Dedeoğlu3 1. This research aimed to assess the pedological processes and investigate the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of soil profiles developed from volcanic parent material. Keywords: allophane; andisols; clay; content; formation; horizons; low; material; matter; minerals; profiles; properties; soil; study; values; weathering
• Influence of Compaction on Electrical Resistivity Characteristics of Fine-grained Soil East of Baghdad City, Iraq by Hassan, Asem (2023) - J. Vol. 27, No. 2 (June, 2023): 169 - 182 G EO TE C H N IC S Manuscript received: 06/03/2023 Accepted for publication: 10/07/2023 Influence of Compaction on Electrical Resistivity Characteristics of Fine-grained Soil East of Baghdad City, Iraq Asem A. Hassan College of Science, University of Diyala, Iraq Corresponding author: asem.ahmed@uodiyala.edu.iq ABSTRACT Keywords: Soil compaction; Resistivity; Geotechnical properties In geotechnical practice, there is a continuous demand for an efficient method for measuring the soil moisture content and dry unit weight of compacted soils used in a wide range of earthwork constructions. Therefore, using the ER method as a rapid and cost-effective technique for the preliminary evaluation of soil compaction variables in earthwork constructions is recommended. Keywords: astm; compaction; duw; figure; influence; levels; relationship; resistivity; soil; specimens
• Geo-spatial sensing of physical properties a leeway to agricultural soil assessment by Olaojo, Abayomi Adesola; Oladunjoye, Michael Adeyinka (2024) - The mapping of soil ECa provides valuable information about changes in soil conditions and highlights areas warranting heightened attention. Soil electrical conductivity is useful in assessing soil mineralogy, soil texture, nutrients, temperature, field holding capacity, chemical properties, and soil moisture; these variables play a vital role in plant development. Keywords: analysis; cacao; clay; cmol; concentration; conductivity; content; eca; et al; field; figure; low; mean; mineral; properties; quartz; region; resistivity; rock; samples; soil; water
• Coal ash as a natural additive for subgrade stabilization in the construction of low-volume traffic roads by Suarez Maldonado, Randy Javier; Pajaro Miranda, Cesar Augusto (2024) - Valoración de las cenizas de carbón para la estabilización de Suelos mediante activación alcalina y su uso en vías no pavimentadas. Estabilización de subrasante de vías en suelos expansivos con cloruro de sodio–Avenida Jacinto Ibarra, distrito de Chilca-Huancayo. Keywords: ash; ashes; astm; coal; coal ash; colombia; estabilización; figure; limit; properties; results; soil; stabilization; subgrade
• Temporal analysis of land cover change in Ayapel's alluvial gold mining zones, Colombia by Herrera Ceferino, Maura Melissa; Fernández, David Stephen; Vélez, Fabio de Jesús; Aguirre, Néstor Jaime (2025) - On the other hand, regarding the changes in coverage, the multitemporal analysis from 2016 to 2020 shows that areas initially classified as “Mining soil” exhibit two main trends: a significant persistence as mining soil over the years, which is consistent with areas of ongoing exploitation, and a notable transition to “Low veg” (low vegetation), possibly associated with partial recovery processes or the abandonment of mining areas. In the case of Colombia, the majority of studies monitoring mining areas using this technique have focused on pollution monitoring, aiming to identify impacts of mining activities on water bodies (Quejada Palacios, 2019; Uribe Ospina, 2019), for instance, through the detection of high presence of suspended solids (González, 2015); or impacts on vegetation cover, through measuring the level of forest fragmentation (Anaya & Diaz, 2016; Suarez Prada, 2019). Keywords: analysis; areas; ayapel; classes; classification; cover; figure; images; index; land; landsat; medium; mining; mining soil; monitoring; savi; sensing; soil; study; veg; vegetation; water; years
• Characterization of nonlinear dynamic soil properties for seismic site response in Islamabad, Pakistan by Ahmed, Waqas; Waseem, Muhammad; Raza, Hammad; Yasir, Muhammad; Zeeshan, Muhammad; ullah, Saif; Islam, Ihtisham; khattak, Salman Ahmed (2025) - Furthermore, classic experimental curves by Ishihara et al. (1975), Taylor et al. (1975), and Kokusho et al. (2005) developed for higher-plasticity cohesive soils show notably higher damping (e.g., ~18–21% at 0.01–0.1% strain), emphasizing the divergence for low-PI materials. Normalized modulus reduction (G/ Gmax) curves showed gradual softening, with values decreasing to 0.3–0.5 at ~0.1–0.2% strain. Keywords: confining; curves; damping; data; islamabad; kpa; models; modulus; plasticity; pressures; ratio; reduction; response; seismic; shear; silty; site; soil; stiffness; strain; values
• Laboratory testing of the Monotonic behavior of partially saturated sandy soil by Della, Noureddine (2010) - However, the recent results of the in-situ tests include the measurements of the velocity of the compression waves (Vp), and indicate that the condition of partial saturation can exist above the level of the phreatic ground for a few meters due to the presence of bubbles of air (Ishihara et al., 2001 and Nakazawa et al., 2004) or the presence of gas bubbles in the marine sediments and sands containing oils as noted by Mathiroban and Grozic (2004).The effects of a condition of partial saturation on liquefaction were approached by some researchers (as by Atigh and Byrne, 2004; Mathiroban and Grozic, 2004; Pietruszczak et al., 2003; Yang and Sato, 2001).The condition of saturation of soil samples in laboratory can be evaluated by measuring the value of the coefficient of Skempton B or the speed of compression waves Vp as suggested by Ishihara et al. (2001). Results of the tests Drained compression Tests Figure 5 shows the results of the drained compression tests carried out for coefficients of Skempton B ranging between 13 and 90%. Keywords: coefficient; liquefaction; pressure; sand; saturation; skempton; soil; tests
• Hydraulic characteristics of sedimentary deposits at the J-PARC proton-accelerator, Japan by H. Gallardo, Adrian; Marui, Atsunao (2007) - Although not shown here, data collected from other wells indicated the lowest salinities occur in the upper 40 m below the ground, where alluvial deposits of higher hydraulic conductivity promote a rapid inflow of meteoric waters and the existence of a freshwater aquifer. On the other hand, hydraulic conductivity was measured by a number of parameters such as a log-normal distribution. Keywords: accelerator; conductivity; deposits; distribution; grain; hydraulic; japan; parc; porosity; properties; sediments; size; soil; water; wells
• Application of neural networks to obtain the site response in Mexico City by Vargas J., Carlos A.; Cuenca S., Julio C. (2003) - Some techniques were inspired in the capacity of coda waves or ambient tremors to denote changes of stiffness or attenuation of seismic energy, others were based in physical models under visco-elastic conditions in terrain with lateral homogeneity (Borcherdt, 1970; Su et al., 1992; Field and Jacobi, 1993; Kato et al., 1995; Su and Aki, 1995; Steidl et al., 1996; Mucciarelli, 1998; Rielpl et al., 1998; Geofisica Colombiana N°.7 pp.74-78 dlciembre de 2003 Bogoli\, D.C. ISSN - 0121 - 2974 Application of neural networks to obtain the site response in Mexico city CARLOS A. VARGAS J. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Grupo de Geofisica, cavargasj@unal.edu.co JULIO C. CUENCA S. Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, D. E, Mexico, jccsa@pumas.iingen.unam.mx RESUMEN Hemos implementado una red neuronal de tres capas escondidas con 40 neuronas por capa para ser usada como funciones de trasferencia suelo/roca en dos estaciones acelerornetricas en Ciudad de Mexico. Keywords: city; figure; mexico; network; records; response; rock; site; soil
• Biogeochemical and engineering characteristics of soils and groundwater around a dumpsite by Odukoya, Sesan; Oresanya, O; Abimbola, A F (2013) - Atterberg limits (%) Grain size distribution (%) Permeability (K) coefficient X 10-5 Rating LL PL PI Clay Silt Sand Gravel L1 0-1 9.17 18.69 28.13 52.92 0.28 18.6 Low 1-2 9.07 22.23 34.71 42.92 0.14 8.46 Low 2-3 5.68 33.27 20.99 12.28 56.03 22.05 22.93 0.00 2.61 Low 3-4 10.03 13.65 23.98 59.73 2.65 41.8 Low L2 0-1 17.99 30.39 15.08 15.31 56.57 20.70 22.74 0.00 2.61 Low 1-2 17.07 30.59 19.83 10.76 54.56 22.11 22.73 0.61 3.35 Low L3 0-1 33.33 44.29 23.36 20.93 26.57 33.40 30.68 9.36 9.09 Low 1-2 23.58 46.70 25.49 21.21 32.66 26.60 31.59 6.75 5.61 Low L4 0-1 11.71 37.16 22.98 14.18 44.11 32.55 23.24 0.00 7.84 Low 1-2 20.01 33.65 20.79 12.86 60.72 18.91 20.21 0.17 1.96 Low Biogeochemical and engineering characteristics of soils and groundwater around a dumpsite Table 2: Summary of physical-chemical analysis result of water samples Table 4: Summary of soil samples’ chemical and microanalysis parameters Table 3: Summary of phenol and microbiological parameters in water samples ND: not detected Major elements –Mg/l Trace elements –µg/l Parameter Range N=12 Mean USEPA (2009) Soil analysis results Soil samples taken at regular depth intervals within the dumpsite were submitted to geochemical analysis. Keywords: attenuation; depth; dumpsite; elements; groundwater; leachate; m depth; natural; samples; soil; table; total; water
• Estimating shear wave velocity using acceleration data in Antakya (Turkey) by Buyuksarac, Aydın; Over, Semir; Genes, Mehmet Cemal; Bikce, Murat; Kacin, Selcuk; Bektas, Ozcan (2014) - Thus, the response spectral values S (Spv, Spa and Sd) (Eq. 1) for earthquake ground motion should be considered to be a function expressed in the following form (Clough and Penzien, 1993; Consequently, the effect of the type of soil on earthquake ground shaking is an important component for a seismic hazard analysis. Keywords: acceleration; amplification; antakya; clay; data; earthquake; ground; response; site; soil; station; velocity
• Critical undrained shear strength of sand-silt mixtures under monotonic loading by Bensoula, Mohamed; Missoum, Hanifi; Bendani, Karim (2014) - The understanding of soil liquefaction is continuously being revised due to new field and laboratory observations. “Initiation of soil liquefaction under static loading conditions.” Keywords: content; equivalent; fines; liquefaction; mixtures; ratio; sand; shear; silt; soil; strength; stress
• A Review Of Road-Related Soil Erosion: An Assessment Of Causes, Evaluation Techniques And Available Control Measures by Seutloali, Khoboso Elizabeth; Reinhard Beckedahl, Heinrich (2015) - Three hydro- seeding revegetation techniques for soil erosion control on anthropic steep slopes, Land degradation & development. For comprehensive land management decisions and monitoring strategies, a review of work that has been done to assess soil erosion due to roads is critical. Keywords: control; cover; erosion; erosion control; et al; loss; processes; rainfall; road; runoff; sediment; slopes; soil; soil erosion; surface; vegetation; water
• Potential Settlement Due to Seismic Effects in the Residential Area of Ilgin (Konya, Turkey) by Ozdemir, Adnan; Nalbantcilar, Mahmut Tahir (2016) - In this study, seismic settlements were calculated using the most commonly used method, the Standard Penetration Test (SPT), developed by Tokimatsu and Seed (1987). ABSTRACT RESUMEN Keywords: Soil settlement, soil dynamic, liquefaction, earthquake, Ilgin. Keywords: areas; damage; earthquake; effects; ground; ilgin; liquefaction; potential; seed; settlement; soil; structures; turkey
• Compaction and Collapse Characteristics of Dune Sand Stabilized with Lime-Silica Fume Mix by Fattah, Mohammed Y.; Joni, Hasan H.; Al-Dulaimy, Ahmed S. A. (2016) - Investigation of geotechnical specifications of sand dune soil. One of the most dramatic depositional landforms, which occupy large areas all over the world, is sand dune. Keywords: cbr; collapse; density; dune; fume; lime; sand; silica; soil; table; test
• Test study on the influences of dynamic stress and load history to the dynamic properties of the remolded red clay by Li, Jian; Chen, Shang-Xiong; Jiang, Ling-Fa (2016) - Dynamic strength test curves Dynamic strength of soils varies with loading rate and the cyclic impacting effects of dynamic stress. Therefore, soil dynamic strength and modulus remain under the influence of friction between soil particles. Keywords: clay; confining; consolidation; pressure; ratio; red; soil; strain; strength; stress; test; vibration
• The Influence of Eco-water Retrieved by Quantitative Remote Sensing on Runoff in Upper Minjiang River Basin by Huang, Jin; Yang, Wunian; Yang, Wunian; Yang, Xin; Yang, Xin; Deng, Bing; Deng, Bing (2016) - According to the definition of MEC that the MEC model of pixel (i,j) is as follows: (1) Where EWTc(i,j) is vegetation water content of the pixel(i,j), W(T)(i,j) is soil water content of the pixel(i,j). Vegetation water content has an obvious response to spectral characteristics in the wavelength range from near infrared to intermediate infrared. Keywords: basin; eco; mec; minjiang; river; runoff; sensing; soil; upper; vegetation; water
• Characterization on the correlation between SPT-N and small strain shear modulus Gmax of Jiangsu silts of China by Chu, Ya; Liu, Songyu; Cai, Guojun (2021) - In this study, an attempt has been made to develop the regression relationship between standard penetration test (SPT) N values and the small strain shear modulus (Gmax). Most of the existing correlations were developed based on the studies carried out in Japan and in India, where N values are measured with hammer energy of 78%, which may not be directly applicable for other regions because of the variation in SPT hammer energy which in China is about 55%. Keywords: content; correction; data; engineering; equation; figure; fines; gmax; modulus; n values; regression; shear; shear modulus; soil; spt; strain; values; velocity; wave
• Study of the relationship between hydro-mechanical soil behavior and microstructure of a structured soil by Cordão Neto, Manoel Porfirio; Hernández, Oisy; Lorenzo Reinaldo, Raydel; Borges, Camila; Caicedo, Bernardo (2018) - (a) (b) All tests presented in this study were performed on soil samples obtained from the experimental field of the University of Brasília (UnB) (from a depth of 2 m) in Brasília City, DF, Brazil. The general and congruent effects of structure in natural soils and weak rocks. Keywords: behavior; brasília; clay; consolidation; curves; figure; psd; results; samples; size; slurry; soil; structure
• Direct Shear Test of Unsaturated Soil by He, Peng; Sun, Liuying; Wang, Zhen (2017) - It can be summarized from Figure 5 that soil shear stress increased with the rising of vertical pressure and matric suction. Direct shear test stress parameters of unsaturated soil. Keywords: figure; matric; parameters; pressure; results; shear; soil; stress; test
• Effect of Nano-Carbon on Water Holding Capacity in a Sandy Soil of the Loess Plateau by Zhou, Beibei; Chen, Xiaopeng (2017) - Soil water contents that below the soil-nano carbon layer decreased sharply. Effect of different thicknesses of soil-nano carbon layers and nano carbon contents on soil water contents in the soil profile The findings of this study presented above have shown that the soil- nanocarbon could increase soil water infiltration rates. Keywords: capacity; contents; effect; infiltration; layer; mixture; nanocarbon; nanocarbon contents; soil; soil water; water; water content
• Macro-Micromechanical Properties of Sandy Pebble Soil of Different Coarse-Grained Content by Lu, Junfu; Li, Di; Xue, Xiaoqiang; Ling, Shenlin (2018) - By checking calculation, the micromechanical parameters of sandy pebble soils of four different gradations were obtained, and the effect of coarse-grained content on the mechanical properties of sandy pebble soil was analyzed from the macro and micro points of view, and the following conclusions were obtained: ANALYSIS OF DISPLACEMENT OF SANDY PEBBLE SOIL PARTICLES The displacement of sandy pebble soil particles in the triaxial compression process was analyzed, to reveal the micromovement of sandy pebble soil particles in the triaxial compression process. Keywords: coarse; content; element; figure; numerical; parameters; particle; soil; strain; stress; test; triaxial
• Determination of the sodium retardation factor using different methods: Analysis of their characteristics and impact on the solute movement prediction in a structured Brazilian soil by Godoy, Vanessa; Napa-García, Gian Franco; Zuquette, Lázaro (2018) - These results show the efficiency of the use of isotherms obtained from undisturbed soil columns to determine Rd. Using the linear isotherm model, Garga and O’Shaughnessy (1994) found sodium retardation factor ranging from 2.22 to 3.6 in clay soil columns with high CEC. Keywords: btc; cherry; column; concentration; determination; experimental; freeze; isotherm; journal; method; movement; prediction; retardation; sodium; soil; solute; solution; sorption; transport; url
• On the influence of the spatial distribution of fine content in the hydraulic conductivity of sand-clay mixtures by Fuentes, William Mario; Hurtado, Carolina; Lascarro, Carlos (2018) - Substitution of Equation 6 in Equation 5 yields to the following relation for the equivalent hydraulic conductivity: k v h eq = ∆ (7) Results of simulations for mean fine contents of with different values of the standard deviation  are plotted from Figure 7 to Figure 12. Mean fine content of . Keywords: clay; conductivity; content; deviation; distribution; factor; figure; hydraulic; mean; mixtures; results; sand; soil; standard; test; value; water
• Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soil contaminated with oily (petroleum) hydrocarbons. by Zahermand, Samad; Vafaeian, Mahmod; Bazyar, Mohammad Hosein (2020) - It is higher in contaminated soils compared to non-contaminated ones. This could be the underlying reason for higher liquid and plastic limits in oil- contaminated soils compared to the non-contaminated ones (Estabragh et al., 2016; Kermani & Ebadi, 2012). Keywords: clay; compaction; contamination; density; fluid; increase; limit; moisture; particles; properties; soil; test; water
• Adsorption of lead (Pb) in strongly weathered tropical soil (Ribeira Valley region - Brazil) by Patinha, Carla; Kasemodel, Mariana Consiglio; Ferreira da Silva, Eduardo Anselmo; Rodrigues, Valéria Guimarães; Marques, Jéssica Pelinsom (2019) - Batch type procedures for estimating soil adsorption of chemicals. This PI value is not within the ideal range for soil liners. Keywords: adsorption; brazil; capacity; cec; clay; concentration; content; environmental; et al; langmuir; ribeira; soil; solution; surface; são; tropical
• Effects of granular shape on shear modulus and damping ratio of gravel by Cui, Kai; Sheng, Hang (2019) - Experimental study of factors influencing dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of dam inverted filler. Dynamic shear modulus of undisturbed soil under different consolidation ratios and its effects on surface ground motion. Keywords: angular; confining; gravel; pressure; ratio; round; sample; shape; shear modulus; soil
• Investigation of Soil Characterization in Hatay Province in Turkey by Using Seismic Refraction, Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves and Microtremor by Kurtuluş, Cengiz; sertcelik, ibrahim; Sertçelik, Fadime; Livaoğlu, Hamdullah; Şaş, Cüneyt (2021) - Shear wave velocity up to 30 m of the ground was detected with MASW analysis. Estimating shear wave velocity using acceleration data in Antakya (Turkey). Keywords: analysis; data; depth; earthquake; frequency; hatay; microtremor; motion; site; soil; stations; turkey; velocity; wave
• Coffee plantation soil characterization using a multi-method approach near the Volcano Nevado del Ruiz, Colombian Central Cordillera by Hincapie Portela, Brayam Arleth; Cortés-Soto, Alexander; Bermudez, Mauricio A; Yepez, Santiago; Trujillo-Hernández, Juan Sebastián; Salguero-Londoño, Blanca Myriam; Grande, Sebastián (2021) - (e) Stem of the coffee plant, and (f) collected soil sample. The X-ray diffraction identified iron oxide mineral phases, as well as the recognition of other minerals such as feldspars, quartz, phyllosilicates, and carbonates. Keywords: beatriz; carlos; coffee; estrella; farm; figure; goethite; hematite; illite; iron; minerals; msi; muscovite; oxides; practices; quartz; samples; san; soil; table; villa
• Mineralogy and geochemical signatures as indicators of differential weathering in natural soil profiles from the West Asturian-Leonese Zone (NW Iberia) by Alcalde-Aparicio, Sara; Vidal-Bardán, M.; Alonso-Herrero, E. (2022) - Keywords: geochemical relations; soil profiles; differential weathering; Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA); albite acid hydrolysis; Mineralogía de arcillas y señales geoquímicas como indicadores rápidos de procesos de meteorización química diferencial en una litosecuencia silícea de perfiles de suelos Este trabajo presenta resultados mineralógicos detallados junto con una caracterización geoquímica para una secuencia de seis perfiles de suelos naturales. This fact has been explained by some authors for weathering soil profiles from the Iberian massif (Molina et al., 1990; Keywords: al2o3; albite; alteration; chemical; chemical weathering; clay; et al; figure; indices; k2o; kaolinite; minerals; na2o; pia; processes; profiles; rocks; samples; soil; table; weathering
• Study on the Microscopic Characteristics of Ferruginous cement of Banguo Earth Forest in Yuan mou area, Yunnan, China by Luo, Penghui; Zhang, Shitao; Tian, Yimin; Ding, Fei; Xu, Zongming (2019) - The growth of iron compounds (a) Compound aggregation under ETD probe (b) Compound aggregation under CBS probe (c) Gathered in layers under CBS probe 197Study on the Microscopic Characteristics of Ferruginous cement of Banguo Earth Forest in Yuan mou area, Yunnan, China (1) Clay minerals kaolinite, illite (2) Clay minerals kaolinite, illite and iron oxides (3) Spherical ferruginous cement (Continued) 198 Penghui Luo, Shitao Zhang, Yimin Tian, Fei Ding, Zongming Xu (2) The ferric cementation layer contained a large number of ferruginous cement, which were cemented with clay minerals (mainly kaolinite) to form a stable lamellar structure filling between the pores of the particles, greatly improving the strength of the ferric cementation layer. (3) The microscopic morphology of these ferruginous cement was spherical. Keywords: Earth forest, Ferruginous cement, SEM, EDS, Clay, Spherical iron compound. Keywords: cement; cementation; characteristics; clay; earth; fig; forest; kaolinite; minerals; particles; soil; strength
• Variation in Rayleigh wave ellipticity as a possible indicator of earthflow mobility: a case study of Sobradinho landslide compared with pile load testing by Hussain, Yawar; Cardenas-Soto, Martin; Moreira, César; Rodriguez-Rebolledo, Juan; Hamza, Omar; Prado, Renato; Martinez-Carvajal, Hernan; Dou, Jie (2020) - Sobradinho landslide The area of landslide is part of the Maranhão River Basin. Ambient noise data acquisition at landslide area The experimental data was acquired using Sercel L-4A-3D short period seismometers having a natural frequency response of 2 Hz. Keywords: ambient; amplitude; case; curves; data; et al; figure; frequency; hussain; hvsr; landslide; load; noise; peak; pile; rayleigh; shear; soil; study; wave
• Consolidation and Deformation Characteristics of Soft Rock Foundation in Hydrological Wetland Environment by Liu, Bin; Jiang, Xiugen (2020) - The negative temperature has a certain influence on the consolidation settlement of soft rock foundation, which is mainly manifested in the difference between the settlement process of the central separation zone and the roadbed soft soil foundation. The research results can provide a reference for the study, calculation, and design of the consolidation and deformation of soft rock foundation in a hydrological wetland. Keywords: consolidation; deformation; embankment; figure; foundation; hydrological; pressure; rock; rock foundation; settlement; soil; variation; water; water pressure; wetland
• Maximum Likelihood Classification of Soil Remote Sensing Image Based on Deep Learning by Liang, Shujun; Cheng, Jing; Zhang, Jianwei (2020) - Based on the principle of maximum likelihood method, the process of soil remote sensing image classification is as follows: Current soil remote sensing image classification methods based on deep learning and maximum likelihood estimation are challenging to meet the actual needs. Keywords: category; classification; data; figure; image; layer; learning; likelihood; method; network; sensing; soil; step; value
• Monitoring Method of Longitudinal Land Subsidence and Deformation in Seismic Geological Disasters by Xu, Aimei; Azarkhosh, Hojatallah; Wu, Erjun (2020) - According to the monitoring situation in this paper, the development direction of optical fiber sensing monitoring technology for vertical land subsidence and ground fissures is summarized as follows: (1) Introducing fiber bragg grating sensing technology Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology has very high accuracy, but also has the unique advantages of anti-interference and corrosion resistance. Distributed optical fiber monitoring technology is based on BOTDA (Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis) monitoring technology. Keywords: conditions; data; deformation; fiber; ground; land subsidence; longitudinal; method; monitoring; sensing; soil; subsidence; subsidence deformation; technology; vertical; working
• Study on the Evolution Monitoring of Topographic and Hydrological Characteristics of Small Watershed Based on Remote Sensing and GIS by Pan, Hong; Khabazi, Mostafa (2020) - Group principal component images, use sparse representation method based on adaptive dictionary and dual-tree complex wavelet transform method to denoise principal component images with a small amount of information were the objectives of the paper; also the use the multi-scale wavelet transform to detect image edge; build a binary model of a pixel, extract vegetation index, and terrain factor based on a binary model of the pixel, and realize terrain and hydrological characteristics of the small watershed. On the basis of principal component analysis, the K-SVD model is used to denoise remote sensing images. Keywords: characteristics; edge; et al; evolution; image; method; monitoring; ndvi; pixel; sensing; soil; vegetation
• Influence of remediation by electrokinetic on the chemical and geotechnical properties of clayey soil contaminated by copper sulfate by Karkush, Mahdi O; Ali, Shahad D.; Bakr, Junied A. (2023) - The hydraulic conductivity of soil samples tested by falling head tests (FHT) is reduced by increasing the content of copper sulfate in the soil specimen, where the hydraulic conductivity of soil sample C2 is less than of soil sample C1 by 33%. The removal efficiency of copper from contaminated soil samples was ranged from 98.4% to 99.6%. Keywords: chemical; copper; copper sulfate; karkush; method; properties; remediation; removal; shear; soil; soil samples; strength; sulfate
• Analysis and Evaluation Methods of Seismic Subsidence Characteristics of Loess and Field Seismic Subsidence by Yan, Xiaotong ; Wang, Shun; Wang, Ningwei (2021) - Methodology Characteristics and influencing factors of loess seismic subsidence The main mechanism, disaster development mode, and disaster types of loess seismic subsidence are influenced by the material index of soil, topographic characteristics of loess field, and earthquake. It can be observed that the seismic subsidence coefficient produced by loess soil is proportional to A B 50 100 150 200 250 0 1 2 3 R es id ua l s tr ai n /% Dynamic stress 10% 20% 30% 35% 1 2 3 4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 35%30%20% R es id ua l s tr ai n /% Keywords: coefficient; content; density; figure; loess; ratio; soil; strain; stress; subsidence; water
• Remediation of High Concentration Chromium Contaminated Soil by Enhanced Electrodynamic Method by Guo, Lin; Zhang, Xiaocun ; Chen, Yao ; Liu, Jun (2021) - After investigation, the pollution characteristics of excessive chromium in soil are as follows: from the analysis of valence state, the content of Cr (III) in soil chromium pollution is significantly higher than that of Cr (VI), the content of Cr (VI) in chromium residue site is only more than ten percent of Cr (III); from the analysis of morphology, the proportion of residual chromium is the largest. The traditional electrokinetic remediation technology only migrates and concentrates the mobile target pollutants into the electrolytic cell, and the removal efficiency of most of the difficult to migrate Cr (III) in the chromium residue contaminated soil is low. Keywords: chromium; concentration; electrokinetic; iii; oxidation; permanganate; potassium; potassium permanganate; prb; reaction; remediation; residue; soil
• Seismic site classification of the Costa Rican Strong-Motion Network based on VS30 measurements and site fundamental period by Pinzón, Luis A.; Hidalgo-Leiva, Diego A.; Moya-Fernández , Aarón; Schmidt-Díaz, Victor; Pujades, Luis G. (2022) - Seismic site classification of the Costa Rican Strong- Motion Network based on V S30 measurements and site fundamental period. Measured Vs30 values at the station of the Costa Rican Strong-Motion Network plotted against site fundamental period values obtained from HVSR. Keywords: classification; costa; motion; period; site; soil; stations; vs30
• Factors affecting topographic thresholds in gully erosion occurrence and its management using predictive machine learning models by Valipour, Mahdieh; Mohseni, Neda; Hosseinzadeh, Seyed Reza (2022) - J. Vol. 25, No. 4 (December, 2021): 423-432 G EO LO G Y Record Manuscript received: 13/05/2021 Accepted for publication: 03/11/2021 ABSTRACT Soil degradation induced by gully erosion represents a worldwide problem in the many arid and semi-arid countries, such as Iran. This study assessed: (1) the importance of variables that control gully erosion using the Boruta algorithm, (2) the relationship among causative variables and gullied locations using the evidential belief function model (EBF), and (3) gully erosion development using the algorithms of boosted regression tree (BRT) and support vector machine (SVM). Keywords: algorithm; distance; erosion; erosion susceptibility; et al; factors; gully; gully erosion; land; learning; machine; models; soil; study; susceptibility; svm; variables

• Freeze–thaw–induced microstructural alterations and deterioration of physicomechanical properties in rocks from the Himalayan ranges (Pakistan) by Nawaz, Abid; Sajid, Muhammad; Ahmed, Waqas; Asif, Abdul Rahim (2025) - The fracture density of rock samples following different freeze-thaw cycles Figure 8. Using a similar approach, the decrease in ratios of UPV at the end of the 50 and 100 cycles was calculated by using the following equation (Khanlari et al., 2015): RVP = 1-Vp(nc)/Vp(us) Where Vp(nc) is the P wave velocity of rock samples at the end of 100 freeze-thaw cycles and Vp(us) is the P wave velocity of untreated rocks. Keywords: amphibolite; cycles; deterioration; fig; fracture; freeze; granulite; las; limestone; pakistan; porosity; properties; quartz; rock; samples; sandstone; strength; thaw; thaw cycles; water
• Fractal characteristics of geomorphological heterogeneity in Xisha Islands waters under Multiple Linear Regression by Wang, Xuli (2021) - Fractal dimension calculation results of Xisha Islands water area based on projection coverage method Measuring order The correlation coefficient (r2) Fractal characteristics of geomorphological heterogeneity in Xisha Islands waters under Multiple Linear Regression. Keywords: characteristics; dimension; fractal; landforms; las; method; projection; research; scale; shidao water; surface; water; water area; xisha islands

• Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan by Shah, Syed Bilawal Ali; Ismail, Khaira; Wan Bakar, Wan Zairani (2024) - v28n1.107766 Keywords: Sakesar Formation; Potwar Basin; Depositional environment; microfacies. Sakesar Formation sediments characteristics interpretation showed that it can act as both source rock and reservoir rock in the Potwar Basin. Keywords: analysis; basin; et al; formation; hydrocarbon; limestone; microfacies; pakistan; petroleum; potential; potwar; reservoir; rock; sakesar; samples; shah; source; toc
• Spatial Porosity Modeling in the Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Kazhdumi Reservoir in an Iranian oilfield located in Abadan Plain by Sadeghtabaghi, Zahra; Mehdipour, Vali (2024) - Despite numerous studies on porosity distribution, a suitable model for the studied area has yet to be established. In addition, GRFS algorithm was applied for porosity distribution. Keywords: abadan; analysis; carbonate; data; distribution; electrofacies; facies; formation; iran; kazhdumi; modeling; porosity; reservoir; sequence; siliciclastic; stratigraphy; zonation
• Unveiling the Nexus of Scientific Production, Water Resource Management, and Global Water Challenges by Carrillo-Acosta, Natalia; Santos-Rocha, Ana C.; Arenas Bautista, Maria Cristina; Otalora Low, Martin (2025) - Branch 3: Water Resource Quality This branch explores innovative technologies and approaches for sustainable water resource management, focusing on water quality, agricultural productivity, and environmental impact (Figure 6.C). Over this period, the production of documents related to agro-ecological systems and water resource management, particularly through coupled models, has shown a steady increase, peaking in 19 with a maximum of 485 articles published. Keywords: analysis; articles; challenges; data; et al; global; groundwater; management; production; research; resource; science; scopus; sustainability; water; water management; water resource
• Chemical characterization and valorization potential of subsurface gypsum deposits in the Boufatis Plateau, Lower Chelif Basin (NW Algeria) by Boucif, Abdelkader; Reimann, Matthias; Bensalah, Mustapha; Hebib, Hakim; Kacemi, Ali (2025) - 3D models generated using Rockworks software indicate that the eastern and southeastern regions of Djebel Djira are characterized by a minimal overburden, not ex- ceeding 10 meters, whereas gypsum deposits are well developed at greater depths. In contrast, gypsum deposits rarely outcrop, significantly limiting data collection opportunities and, in the current state of knowledge, few works have dealt with this subject (Remmache, 2006; Keywords: algeria; algérie; analysis; basin; belkebir; bessedik; cao; chelif; chemical; deposits; des; djebel; djira; et al; gypsum; quality; rock; so₃
• Landslide Research in CIS countries: Remote Sensing, Hazards, and Research Trends by Kannazarova, Zulfiya; Khadjieva, Zukhra; Abdikairov, Bekmurat; Juliev, Mukhiddin; Sharipov, Zayniddin; Berdimuratov, Parakhat (2025) - The purpose of this study is to analyze current topics and key regions in the CIS countries in landslide research as well as to use historical scientometric data to gain new insights into trends and emphasis of international landslide research. List of top countries on landslide 3.6 Top cited publications on landslide studies for CIS countries Table 3 demonstrates top 10 mostly cited articles on landslide research including publisher name, corresponding author, date of publication as well as number of citations and document type. Keywords: analysis; articles; cis; cis countries; countries; earth; environmental; et al; hazards; journal; landslide; landslide research; natural; number; papers; period; publications; research; review; russian; sciences; sensing
• Reservoir characterization by multiattribute analysis: The Orito field case by Guerrero, Jairo G.; Vargas, Carlos Alberto; Montes, Luis (2010) - The same trend is present in core and well logs analysis (left) and in predicted seismic attributes (right), where the samples were discriminated according to environment previously identified in wells. S J. Vol. 14, No. 2 (December, 2010): 173-180Research Groupin Geophysics UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA Keywords: reservoir characterization, seismic attributes, seismic inversion, Caballos formation, Orito field. Keywords: analysis; attributes; caballos; figure; formation; porosity; properties; volume; wells
• PETROGRAPHY AND APPLICATION OF THE RIETVELD METHOD TO THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHASES OF NATURAL CLINKER GENERATED BY COAL SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION by Henao M, José Antonio; Carreño, Angélica María; Quintero D, John Alexander; Candela H, Sol Ángel; Ríos R, Carlos Alberto; Ramos G, Miguel A.; Pinilla A., Jesús Andelfo (2010) - The saturation with Mg2+ and subse- quent glycosylation of natural clinker samples (tigerstripe type, NC-1, and highly oxidized type, NC-2) produced dis- placements of the reflection (001) of the band corresponding 21 PETROGRAPHY AND APPLICATION OF THE RIETVELD METHOD TO THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHASES OF NATURAL CLINKER GENERATED BY COAL SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION to the smectite group from 15.07 to 17.38 Å for sample NC-1 and from 15.17 to 17.52 Å for sample NC-2. Rwp values (20.33% and 20.25% for samples NC-1 and NC-2, respectively) indicate that the refinement as a whole has been satisfactory if we con- sider that natural clinker samples consist of a mixture of min- erals which hinders the achievement of lower refining indicators. Keywords: analysis; cerrejón; clinker; coal; combustion; figure; ite; material; method; phases; powder; quintero; rietveld; rocks; spontaneous
• SEISMIC GEOHISTORY AND DIFFERENTIAL INTERFORMATIONAL VELOCITY ANALYSIS IN THE ANAMBRA BASIN, NIGERIA by A.S, Ekine; K. M, Onuoha, (2010) - Methodology P-waves travelling through sedimentary layers are found to obey a power law equation given by Acheson (1981) as t az bn� � (1) where t = the one-way travel time; z = depth to reflector; a, b and n = constants. Key words: seismic geohistory; seismic section; differential velocity; Anambra basin. Keywords: analysis; anambra; basin; geohistory; nigeria; velocity; � �
• HYDROLOGIC HOMOGENEOUS REGIONS USING MONTHLY STREAMFLOW IN TURKEY by Kahya, Ercan; Demirel, Mehmet C.; Bég, Osman A. (2008) - Key words: Cluster analysis, Ward’s method, streamflow, homogeneous region, regionalization, Turkey 181 Manuscript receiver: August 18th, 2008. In cluster analysis, the choice of variables, clus- tering technique and dissimilarity measure signifi- cantly influence the results (Fovell 1993; Keywords: analysis; climate; cluster; febrero; hydrologic; kahya; months; regions; streamflow; study; turkey; vol
• DISCUSSION OF “CLUSTERING ON DISSIMILARITY REPRESENTATIONS FOR DETECTING MISLABELLED SEISMIC SIGNALS AT NEVADO DEL RUIZ VOLCANO” BY MAURICIO OROZCO-ALZATE, AND CÉSAR GERMÁN CASTELLANOS-DOMÍNGUEZ by Demirel, Mehmet C.; Kahya, Ercan; Rivera, Diego (2008) - In- deed, Arciniega-Ceballos et al. (2008) applied bandpass filters before clustering in seismic data and Rouyer et al., (2008) applied a wave- let-based clustering technique. Also, its multi-resolution property can help detecting the clusters at different levels of accuracy (Sheikholeslami et al., 1998). Keywords: analysis; clustering; demirel
• DENOISING RESISTIVITY PHOSPHATE “DISTURBANCES” USING HAAR MOTHER WAVELET TRANSFORM (SIDI CHENNANE, MOROCCO) by Bakkali, Saad; Amrani, Mahacine (2008) - The family of simpler wavelets, which will be adopted in the present work, is that the Haar wavelet : � � � ( ) , ( ) , ( ) [ , ] x if x x if x x if x � � � � � � � � � 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 0 01 For the one-dimensional no stationary function f(x) that decrease to zero when x � , the following assumption is normally adopted : � �p q px x q p , ( ) ( )� 2 22 (3) The scale factor of 2-pq is called the localization or dyatic translation and k is the translation index as- sociated with the localization, where p and q � � (Meyer, 1982) proved that wavelet thus defined are orthogonal, i.e., � � � �p q l m p l q m, , , ,� � for p q l m Z, , � �where is equal to the scalar product and � refer to the delta function of Dirac. Extending the idea to space for � integrable square functions, the following is defined : � �a b a t b a a b R a, , , ,� � � �� � � �� � � 1 0 (2) The function � is called a mother wavelet, where a is the scale factor and b is the translation parameter. Keywords: analysis; disturbances; haar; mother; phosphate; resistivity; signal; transform; wavelet; � p; � �
• Multicriteria decision-making analysis based methodology for predicting carbonate rocks' uniaxial compressive strength by Ersoy, Hakan; Kanik, Derya (2012) - Min SD Mean Max Min SD Mean Kalecik travertine (1a: 30 samples) 0.20 0.08 0.04 0.13 3.33 0.88 0.73 1.39 7.37 2.16 1.36 3.29 Bahçecik travertine (1b: 15 samples) 0.77 0.12 0.15 0.34 1.20 0.48 0.24 0.77 2.88 1.18 0.57 1.90 Çamoluk travertine (1c: 25 samples) 2.48 0.49 0.43 1.40 2.90 0.98 0.48 1.88 6.65 2.37 1.01 4.28 Çamoluk (2) (1d: 10 samples) 0.62 0.45 0.06 0.59 1.30 0.91 0.12 1.07 3.03 2.44 0.28 2.61 Gölova travertine (1e: 13 samples) 0.31 0.18 0.04 0.23 0.62 0.37 0.063 0.47 1.55 0.94 0.15 1.19 Bayburt onyx (2a and b: 21) 0.79 0.01 0.18 0.07 0.72 0.02 0.02 0.10 1.95 0.06 0.32 0.26 Kelkit limestone (3a: 12 samples) 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.18 0.13 0.01 0.15 0.48 0.34 0.04 0.40 Esenyurt limestone (3b: 15 samples) 0.46 0.04 0.09 0.14 0.31 0.06 0.07 0.19 0.08 0.16 0.19 0.51 Kemah limestone (3c: 21 samples) 0.14 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.18 0.05 0.03 0.11 Tercan limestone (3d: 25 samples) 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.04 0.02 0.09 0.31 0.12 0.05 0.24 Sample location and type Unit weight (kN/m3) velocity (m/s) P wave UCS (MPa) Max Min SD Mean Max Min SD Mean Max Min SD Mean Kalecik travertine (1a: 30 samples) 24.7 22.2 0.8 24.0 4541 3813 220 4050 65 34 8 53 Bahçecik travertine (1b: 15 samples) 25.1 24.1 0.3 24.6 5072 4091 297 4598 44 25 5 37 Çamoluk travertine (1c: 25 samples) 24.6 24.1 0.2 24.4 3693 3506 61 3590 44 30 5 38 Çamoluk (2) travertine (1d: 10 samples) 25.4 24.9 0.2 25.2 4727 3913 268 4323 43 39 1.2 41 Gölova travertine (1e: 13 samples) 29.2 22.2 0.9 25.0 5072 3813 374 4430 66 20 10 40 Bayburt onyx (2a and b: 21 samples) 27.4 26.5 0.3 27.1 6800 4121 805 5240 70 20 13 45 Kelkit limestone (3a: 12 samples) 27.1 26.8 0.1 27.0 6321 5988 98 6200 154 30 38 80 Esenyurt limestone (3b: 15 samples) 27.4 26.6 0.2 27.0 6103 5562 169 5760 117 40 24 70 Kemah limestone (3c: 21 samples) 27.1 26.8 0.1 27.0 6353 6127 59 6250 162 25 39 90 Tercan limestone (3d: 25 samples) 27.3 25.3 0.6 26.8 6057 4327 371 5414 101 79 9 85 Hakan Ersoy and Derya Kanik70 Integrating site selection criteria was based on multi-criteria assess- ment methods (Eastmen, 1995): = ∑ (Sk*wk) where, Sk was the land’s suitability for landfill for objective k (priority groups), (fi)k was factor i (discriminating features) for objective k, (wi)k was the weighting for factor i (score given experimental studies) for objective k, (rj)k was constraint j for objective k (value 0 or 1), S was multi-objective suitability and wk was the weighting for objective k results The rocks’ index and strength properties UCS is an expensive and very time-consuming test The core surfaces have to be ground down to make them parallel at a specified tolerance and a high load capacity loading frame is usually required Thus, in the study, ten groups of carbonate rock samples were collected in the Southern Zone of the eastern Pontides (NE Turkey) to establish some relationships between UCS and index properties In the study the index and strength properties of the rocks were de- termined in accordance with ISRM (1981) The limestone samples were selected from pre-Late Cretaceous plat- form carbonates which are widely exposed in the area and Liassic-aged for- mations; travertine and onyx samples were selected from the Gümüşhane, Bayburt and Giresun area Three rock types from ten rock formations were sampled and tested for this study Table 1 gives the rock type, age, location and description of the samples Sample preparation and laboratory tests Several carbonate rock samples were collected in this study to deter- mine physical and strength properties Seven oriented block samples for each group of carbonates were collected from the field for laboratory test- ing; each block was represented by at least ten core specimens 225 NX- size core specimens having a 2 5:1 length to diameter ratio were prepared from the block samples Rock samples were carefully inspected before testing, to obtain the most representative stone samples for performing laboratory tests figure 2. Keywords: analysis; carbonate; compressive; index; limestone; properties; regression; rock; samples; strength; travertine; ucs; uniaxial
• A multivariate statistical approaches on physicochemical characteristics of ground water in and around Nagapattinam district, Cauvery deltaic region of Tamil Nadu, India by Senapathi, Venkatramanan (2013) - Results and Discussion Summary of ground water analysis The water quality analysis of different ground water samples were carried out to determine different physicochemical parameters such as for pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, and Cl; and the results are presented in Table 1 and Figure 2. Vol. 17, No. 2 (December, 2013): 97 - 103 A multivariate statistical approaches on physicochemical characteristics of ground water in and around Nagapattinam district, Cauvery deltaic region of Tamil Nadu, India S. Venkatramanan1, 2, S. Y. Chung1*, T. Ramkumar2, G. Gnanachandrasamy2, S. Vasudevan2 1 Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyeon-dong Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, South Korea 2Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608-502, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding author email: chungsy@pknu.ac.kr, venkatramanansenapathi@gmail.com HYDROGEOLOGY Ground water samples collected at different locations in and around the Nagapattinam district were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Keywords: analysis; aquifer; ground; ground water; journal; monsoon; quality; study; summer; water
• The assessment of slope stability and rock excavatability in a limestone quarry by Karaman, Kadir; Ercikdi, Bayram; Kesimal, Ayhan (2013) - Rock slope stability analysis–utilization of advan- ced numerical techniques. ABSTRACT RESUMEN Key words: Rock slope stability; Kinematic analysis; Slope stability probability classification (SSPC); Slope mass rating (SMR); Excavatability 170 Introduction The slope stability analysis of rocks is vital for designing safe slopes in open–pit mines. Keywords: analysis; dip; discontinuity; failure; hack; limestone; mass; orientation; rock; slope; slope stability; sspc; stability; study
• Assessment by multivariate analysis of groundwater–surface water interactions in the Coal-mining Exploring District, China by Huang, Pinghua; Han, Sumin (2016) - Monitored parameters and analytical methods 71 groups of water samples were collected from the coal-mining district in 2008, 2010 and 2011, including surface water samples, spring samples of Mount Taihang, deep karst groundwater, deep fissure water and shallow pore water. The contour map of the second factor scores shows that karst water and spring of the GA group is at the same area, indicating that karst water mainly accept recharging from spring (Fig 8 (b)).The euclidean distance in the GA group clustering is the shortest, indicating that deep karst water and spring experienced the roughly same hydrogeochemical environment. Keywords: analysis; china; coal; district; factor; groundwater; group; karst; mining; multivariate; samples; water
• The geochemistry of lignite from the Neogene Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, Niger Delta Basin, southern Nigeria by Ogala, Jude (2012) - Trace elements indicated the following concentration range in parts per million (ppm): Be (2-5), Zr (4-63), Sr (5-22), y (13-68), Ba (9-89), V (4-216), Zn (17- 176), Ni (8-28), Co (5-13), Cr (2-31), Cu (1-22) and Ga (1-14). Several researchers have attempted to study the geochemical features of trace elements contained in coal to understand and evaluate trace elements’ mode of occurrence as well as their behaviour during combustion (Gluskoter et al., 1977; Swaine, 1990; Finkelman, 1994; meij, 1995; Spears and Zheng, 1999; Davidson, 2000; Vassilev et al., 2001). Keywords: analysis; asaba; basin; coal; elements; et al; factor; formation; fus; geology; icp; lignite; nigeria; ogwashi; samples; table; trace; trace elements
• Determination of Local Site-Specific Spectra Using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Bitlis Province, Turkey by Işık, Ercan; Kutanis, Mustafa (2015) - Analysing earthquake hazard in Papua New Guinea. The results of this work will form the basis for the replacement of the existing earthquake design spectra in the assessment of earthquake performances of the existing buildings in Bitlis province. Keywords: analysis; bitlis; displacement; earthquake; eastern; fault; figure; hazard; region; spectral; turkey; van; zone
• Research of behaviors of continuous GNSS station by signal analysis methods by Oktar, Osman; Erdoğan, Hediye (2018) - 6 shows that there are 60, 90, and 312 days of periodic movements in Up direction of station YUNA coordinate time series and 15, 42,76, and 129 days of periodic movements in North direction of station KNYA1 coordinate time series. DWT was carried out to GNSS coordinate time series of North, East, and Up coordinates components of stations with multiresolutional analysis. Keywords: analysis; components; coordinate; cors; days; direction; energy; gnss; linear; movements; north; series; signal; stations; time; time series; wavelet
• Analysis of October 23 (Mw 7.2) and November 9 (Mw 5.6), 2011 Van Earthquakes Using Long-Term GNSS Time Series by Tiryakioglu, Ibrahim; Yavasoglu, Hakan; Ugur, Mehmet Ali Ugur; Ozkaymak, Caglar; Yilmaz, Mustafa; Kocaoglu, Hasan; Turgut, Bayram (2017) - ABSTRACT Keywords: Van earthquake, GNSS, CORS-TR, time series Analysis of October 23 (Mw 7.2) and November 9 (Mw 5.6), 2011 Van Earthquakes Using Long-Term GNSS Time Series Análisis de los terremotos de octubre 23 (7.2 Mw) y noviembre 9 (5.6 Mw) de 2011 en Van a través de series temporales GNSS a largo plazo ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v21n3.62812 I. Tiryakioglu1, H. Yavasoglu2, M. A. Ugur1, C. Ozkaymak3, M. Yilmaz1,*, H. Kocaoglu1, B. Turgut1 1 Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, TR-3200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. According to the observations, post-seismic deformation continued at the stations close to the epicenter of the earthquake. Keywords: analysis; data; deformation; direction; earthquake; et al; fault; figure; gnss; october; post; region; series; stations; time; turkey; van
• Comparison between Numerical and Analytical Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of Circular Tunnels by Lu, Qingrui; Chen, Shijun; Chang, Yi; He, Chunfeng (2018) - For full-slip conditions, a significant discrepancy exists between numerical solutions and analytical solutions for the calculation of thrust, while for bending moments, the results are rather satisfactory. When the components of seismic waves produce motions parallel to the axis of the tunnel, alternating compression and tension will be induced, as shown in Figure 4. Keywords: analysis; bending; field; figure; lining; moment; numerical; response; results; shear; slip; solutions; strain; thrust; tunnel; wave
• Trend characteristics of rainy days and evaporation at a tropical rainforest region in East Malaysia, Borneo by MV, Ninu Krishna; MV, Prasanna; H, Vijith (2020) - Along with rainfall trend analysis, the climatic parameters such as air temperature, evaporation and humidity have also been analyzed at various scales through statistical measurements (Santhe et al.,2012; Among the observations and research carried out to understand the effects of climate change, statistical analysis of rainfall trends has attained wider importance at a global as well as local scale (Yue & Wang, 2004; Keywords: analysis; change; characteristics; climate; data; days; et al; evaporation; kendall; limbang; linear; mann; non; rainfall; regression; slope; station; trend; ukong; year
• Fuzzy Approach for the Safety Risk Assessment in Dimension Stone Mining by Rahimdel, Mohammad Javad (2023) - The fuzzy logic system In the fuzzification step, all risk factors and risk priority levels are converted to fuzzy numbers regarding the expert’s judgment. Over the last few years, numerous studies have been done in the field of safety risk analysis in quarries. Keywords: accidents; ahp; analysis; assessment; dimension; incidents; inference; method; mines; mining; process; risk; safety; stone; study; � �
• A comparative soil liquefaction analysis with a Matlab® based algorithm: soiLique by Bekin, Ekrem; Ozcep, Ferhat (2021) - CPT and SPT based liquefaction triggering procedures. SoiLique results table for BH76. Keywords: analysis; crr; data; factor; figure; liquefaction; matlab; ozcep; results; settlement; soilengineering; soilique; spt; study; table; values
• Remote Monitoring System of Geological Exploration in Lava Area Based on GPS by Xu, Aimei (2020) - Where, 1 1≤ ≤ ( )V n f x, , , f (x) is the distribution density function of the reliability of remote monitoring data for geological exploration in the lava area. Considering that  is bigger in the monitoring data sequence with gross errors,  is taken as double- difference variance in the processing of remote monitoring data of geological exploration in the lava area. Keywords: analysis; data; error; exploration; gps; lava area; module; monitoring; monitoring data; monitoring system; reliability; survey; system; technology; value
• Investigating the effects of groundwater level changes on GNSS observations in the Konya Closed Basin by Erdogan, H.; Oktar, O.; Gezgin, Cemil; Poyraz, F.; Arslan, N.; Yilmazturk, F. (2022) - This negative variation is considered to affect the movement of GNSS stations in the vertical direction. Methodology Time Series Analysis The behaviors of continuously operating GNSS stations under different effects described above can be explained by the analysis of time series. Keywords: analysis; basin; changes; closed; gnss; groundwater; konya; level; linear; movements; northeast; series; stations; time; time series; wells; year
• Correlation analysis between multifractal characteristics of regional geomorphology and development of geological disasters by Xiong, Yiying (2021) - Combined with the above-mentioned spatial relationship of geological disaster development and the multifractal characteristic data of regional landforms, the correlation coefficient between the two is calculated to complete the correlation analysis between the multifractal characteristics of regional geomorphology and the development of geological disasters. Analysis of spatial relationship of geological disaster development Before analyzing the spatial relationship of geological hazard development, 12 geological points are selected first, and then the geological hazard is divided into landslide, collapse and debris flow by using the fractal characteristic parameters of landform and the spatial distribution characteristic parameters of geological point landslide hazard. Keywords: analysis; characteristics; correlation; development; disasters; geomorphology; multifractal; number; regional; relationship
• Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India by Pandey, Vijendra; Sharma, Milap Chand (2023) - Each type of landslide has a varying composition of grain size composition and texture, hence these results are. Analysis of the failed slope material shows a definite pattern of grain size composition associated with the type of landslide as well as lithology. Keywords: analysis; clay; composition; debris; e78; fall; garhwal; grain; himalaya; india; landslide; material; minerals; n30; quartzite; relationship; rock; sediment; size; slope; strength; study; surface
• Subsoil geophysical evaluation using GPR and free software by Guerrero, Hernán Darío; Ochoa, Luis Hernán (2024) - 258 Hernán Darío Guerrero, Luis Hernán Ochoa In this work, we acquired GPR data on profiles covering the entire parking platforms area in that zone, which corresponds to the slab with problems in the surface. Data processing using RPGR Today, many commercial software applications that are dedicated 100% to GPR data are available (Huber and Hans, 2018). Keywords: analysis; areas; data; figure; gpr; ground; parking; processing; profiles; radar; radargrams; subsoil; time; trees; wall

• Influence of Adding Jordanian Scoria on the Properties of Clay-based Geopolymer by Al-Slaty, Faten; Ibrahim, Khalil; Fayez, Sultan; Al-Dabsheh, Islam; Odeh, Taleb; Abusmier, Shereen (2023) - References Abdullah, M. M. A. B., Ming, L. Y., Yong, H. C., & Tahir, M. F. (2018). Synthesis of geopolymer composites from a mixture of volcanic scoria and metakaolin. Keywords: clay; et al; geopolymer; https://doi.org/; materials; scoria; water
• Estimation of evaporation from the water surface using the norm operator by Eriskin, Hale; Terzi, Özlem (2023) - The values obtained by the function are used as input parameters in the N-ANN method. Identifying surface water evaporation loss of inland river basin based on evaporation enrichment model. Keywords: ann; data; evaporation; eğirdir; input; lake; layer; models; norm; operator; output; parameters; set; water
• Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age by Abbas Ali, Rana (2025) - CaCO3 and Sr data for the calcareous sequence of the Abu Roash Formation in the Abu Gharadig Basin (Egypt) are from Mansour et al. (2020b), while CaCO3, δ 13C carb, I/Ca, Ce/Ca, Ce anomaly, and Mn/Ca data for the Late Cretaceous carbonate of the Eastbourne are from Lu et al. (2010). These markers have been seen for the T-OAE, or oceanic anoxic events (Lu et al., 2010; Jenkyns, 2010; Tessin et al., 2015). Keywords: basin; carbonate; cie; coniacian; continental; cretaceous; data; deoxygenation; earth; elements; et al; events; facies; fig; global; iraq; level; marine; oae; oae3; platform; redox; rise; santonian; sea; shallow; southern; tanuma; water; weathering
• OIL DECONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS EXPERIMENTAL WORK RESULTS by Lushnikov, Sergey V.; Frank, Yulia A.; Vorobyov, Danil S. (2006) - OIL DECONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS EXPERIMENTAL WORK RESULTS Sergey V. Lushnikov1, Yulia A. Frank1 and Danil S. Vorobyov2 1 Research and Technical Association “PRIBORSERVICE” Ltd., Komsomolsky Av., 70, Tomsk, Russia, 634041 2 Tomsk State University, Lenina Av., 36, Tomsk, Russia, 634050 Corresponding Author: Sergey V. Lushnikov, e-mail: pribor@mail.tomsknet.ru ABSTRACT This article presents the results of experimental work during 2004-2005 on oil decontamination of bottom sediments of Lake Schuchye, situated in the Komi Republic (Northern Russia). Determination of the necessary decontamination level of bottom sediments of the reservoir, after which mechanisms of natural self-purification start actively working, is very important for a wide appli- cation of flotation technology to oil decontamination of water bodies. Keywords: decontamination; lake; oil; russian; schuchye; sediments; surface; water; work
• Applying DC resistivity imaging to investigating the relationship between water quality and transpiration beneath circular islands in the Okavango Delta, Botswana: a case study of Thata Island by Shemang, E M; Molwalefhe, L N; Mickus, K (2013) - Applying DC resistivity imaging to investigating the relationship between water quality and transpiration beneath circular islands in the Okavango Delta, Botswana: a case study of Thata Island The depressed interior of the islands consists of bare soil having crusts of trona at the centre, precipitating from island groundwater because of evapotranspiration enrichment (McCarthy et al., 1991; McCarthy and Ellery, 1994) and may thus support only high salinity tolerant grasses. ERI results revealed that fresh water overlay saline water in the swamps. Keywords: borehole; botswana; centre; data; delta; figure; groundwater; imaging; island; okavango; resistivity; saline; salinity; surface; thata; water
• The impacts of alkaline mine drainage on Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn concentration in the water resources of the Takht coal mine, Iran by Dahrazma, B; Kharghani, M (2012) - Tunnel effluent and drainage of tailing washing were the main sources of pollution, containing heavy metals Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. E-mail: behnaz_dahrazma@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The release of heavy metals into the environment represents one of the most important environmental effects involved in extracting coal; it needs to be studied more fully. Keywords: alkaline; coal; concentration; downstream; metals; water
• Empirical Correlations for the Swelling Pressure of Expansive Clays in the City of Barranquilla, Colombia by Cantillo, Victor; Mercado, Vicente; Pájaro, César (2017) - Discussion A broader revision of swell pressure correlation equations can be found in Al-Rawas and Goosen (2006). In this study, the constant volume method was used to determine swell pressure values implemented to develop the correlations equations. Keywords: barranquilla; clays; content; correlation; equations; pressure; swell; swelling; water
• Quantitative Calculation of Aquifer Water Quantity Using TEM Data by Huang, Lanying; Liu, Shengdong; Wang, Bo; Zhou, Fubao (2017) - Conclusions TEM resistivity imaging boasts rapid imaging, high quantification level, and high resolution, especially when it comes to detecting low resistivity body with a high-resistivity overlayer. Therefore, transient electromagnetic method (TEM) was proposed, and TEM data was processed to detect the water yield property of a targeted layer in the coal mine. Keywords: aquifer; china; coal; data; electromagnetic; figure; method; resistivity; tem; water
• Petrophysical properties of the Lower Cretaceous formations in the Shaikhan oilfield, northern Iraq by Jabbar, Wria Jihad; Naqshabandi, Srood Farooq; Al-Juboury, Falah Khalaf (2018) - It is the amount of pore volume in a rock that is occupied by formation water. Pickett plot method is used to calculate formation water resistivity (Rw), saturation exponent (n) and cementation exponent (m) the values are 0.065ohm, 2, and 2.06 respectively. Keywords: density; formation; hydrocarbon; limestone; log; porosity; reservoir; saturation; shaikhan-8; shale; volume; water
• Climatic and hydrological changes in Gaoyou Lake, eastern China over the last millennium, inferred from pollen and grain size records by Li, Shuheng; Guo, Wei; Gao, Na (2022) - However, the paleoenvironmental studies of Gaoyou Lake sediments have not received adequate attention. Our research team combined grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and geochemical proxies in Gaoyou Lake sediments to infer regional climate fluctuations (Li et al., 2007; Li et al., 2015). Keywords: changes; china; climate; core; et al; gaoyou; gaoyou lake; grain; gy08; lake; pollen; river; sediment; size; water
• The shale gas revolution in China—problems and countermeasures by Chen, Xiaohui; Liu, Zhicheng; Liang, Xin; Zhang, Zhao; Zhan, Tingshan; Zhu, Haihua; Lang, Jun (2018) - The enormous success of shale gas development and exploration has attracted considerable attention from governments and energy companies all over the world and set off a boom in exploration for shale gas. The policies of central government related to shale gas development are mainly regarding to the setting of production goals, calculation of government subsidies, administration of taxes and fees, handling of market access, mineral classification of shale gas, and publishing of the shale gas industry standard (Table 1). Keywords: china; development; energy; exploration; gas; gas development; gas exploration; industry; national; resources; shale; shale gas; states; united; water
• Effects of vegetation height and relative submergence for rigid submerged vegetation on flow structure in open channel by Wang, Zhongyu; Zhang, Huayong; He, Xing; Jiang, Qi; Xu, Weigang; Tian, Wang (2022) - Variations of average water depth at different locations regarding to vegetation heights and average relative submergences. 43Effects of vegetation height and relative submergence for rigid submerged vegetation on flow structure in open channel The findings of the research may improve the comprehensive understandings of the effects of vegetation heights and 45Effects of vegetation height and relative submergence for rigid submerged vegetation on flow structure in open channel relative submergences of rigid submerged vegetation in open channel and may give some guidance to the practices of river ecological engineering design and management. Keywords: average; channel; depth; doi; effects; figure; flow; heights; research; submergence; vegetation; vegetation height; velocity; water; water depth
• The effects of water acidity and engineering properties on rock durability by Khajevand, Reza; Fereidooni, Davood (2022) - Yagiz et al. (2012) Carbonate rocks Effect of the slake durability cycles on the modulus of elasticity (E) and uniaxial compressive (UCS) strength of rocks Ten cycles (Id10) Natural water https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eeg/search-results?f_Authors=R+G.+BELL https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eeg/search-results?f_Authors=Jeffrey+R.+Keaton 7171The effects of water acidity and engineering properties on rock durability 9 Tasdemir et al. (2013) In previous researches, different rocks were subjected to two cycles of the slake-durability test, this doesn’t exactly simulate the natural conditions to evaluate rock durability. Keywords: cycles; durability; durability index; durability test; engineering; id10; properties; rocks; samples; slake; slake durability; strength; test; values; water
• The magma thermal field and the shallow-level gas accumulation of tight gas reservoirs in the middle-eastern parts of the Qinshui Basin by Sun, Ke; Tang, Shuheng; Zhang, Songhang; Xi, Zhaodong; Li, Jun (2019) - In this study, the metal-non-metal mineral gas-water hydrothermal concept is used to analyze the movement channels of magmatic heating water. Further, the concept of fractures-faults-cracks microfissures hierarchical configuration of the movement channels of magmatic heating water is proposed. Keywords: basin; eastern; formation; gas; heating; heating water; hydrocarbon; magmatic; parts; qinshui; qinshui basin; rocks; source; stage; thermal; water
• Levels of radium-226 in the rainbow trout, macroinvertebrates-substrates and water adjacent to the mining concession Loma Larga, Azuay-Ecuador by Viloria Ávila, Tony Jesús; Pesantez, Adriana; Vázquez Silva, Efrén; Delgado, Ernesto Manuel; Duque, Paola; Sajo-Bohus, Laszlo (2020) - La finalidad principal de este trabajo fue establecer una línea base radio-ecológica; para ello se evaluaron los niveles de concentración de 226Ra en la trucha arcoíris, en matrices macroinvertebrados-sustratos y el agua de los ríos Irquis y Portete, ubicados en la provincia del Azuay, Ecuador. Water samples Collection of surface water samples Obtaining water samples was carried out by the immersion method, following the protocol established for the Pylon AB6 detector (Pylon Electronics Inc., 2015). Keywords: 226ra; concentration; ecuador; irquis; levels; matrices; mining; portete; rainbow; river; sampling; trout; water
• The numerical simulation of Influence of Drying-wetting Cycles on the Deterioration Characteristics of Gypsum Rocks under Particle Flow Code by Wu, Guopeng; Chen, Wenwu; Cui, Kai (2020) - Particle flow model of gypsum rocks When establishing the particle flow model of gypsum rock, because the macro-mechanical parameters of the model are affected by the number and size of gypsum rock particles, it is necessary to take into account the effect of RES (resolution) on the macro-mechanical parameters at the minimum scale of the model. Keywords: gypsum rock; dry-wet cycle; particle flow numerical simulation; water absorption; porosity. Keywords: absorption; characteristics; cycles; deterioration; gypsum; gypsum rocks; pore; rocks; water; water absorption
• Wheat physiological traits response in standard and ecological agricultural systems by Fateh, Hamid; Toube, Ahmad ; Gholipuri, Abdul Qayum (2021) - Higher soil capacity to retain moisture in ecological agricultural systems, especially biological systems, has been discussed in several sources (Lotter et al., 2003; Hole et al., 2005). However, unlike photosynthesis, transpiration rate was the lowest in ecological agricultural system (Fig. 5). Keywords: effect; input; photosynthesis; priming; seed; system; water; wheat; year

• Computer vision techniques applied to automatic detection of sinusoids in borehole resistivity imaging – A comparison with the MSD method by Leal, Jorge Alberto; Ochoa Gutierrez, Luis Hernan; Acosta Lenis, Sergio Francisco (2023) - The MSD and the computer vision proposal were tested in 1012 m of borehole images, showing 7.986% of false positives for the MSD processing and 0.879% for the computer vision approach. Trace of planar feature as sinusoid in borehole image (Modified from Grace, et al., 2000). Keywords: borehole; computer; detection; dip; figure; image; imaging; method; msd; processing; resistivity; sinusoids; vision
• A detection method of urban underground geological anomalies in the United Kingdom based on feature fusion by Liu, Xuemei (2022) - The highest fusion degree of underground space geological characteristics of London and Sheffield is 98.88% and 98.88%, respectively; 3. Integration effects of underground geological features in Sheffield, UK It can be seen from the above figure that the highest fusion degree of the method in this paper is 98.88% and 98.88% for the geological characteristics of underground space in London and Sheffield, UK. Keywords: anomalies; attribute; bodies; body; characteristics; data; extraction; feature; fusion; london; method; multi; paper; sheffield; space; underground; � �
• Estimation of the date and magnitude of impending massive earthquakes using the integration of precursors obtainable from remote sensing data by Khoshgoftar, Mohammad Mahdi; Saradjian, Mohammad Reza (2025) - This can lead to accurate estimation of earthquake parameters with respect to the number and variety of earthquake precursors. The final earthquake parameters (such as date and magnitude) can be obtained by integrating the earthquake parameters extracted from different earthquake precursors using the mean square error (MSE) method. Keywords: anomalies; anomaly; aqua; data; date; day; density; earthquake; ion; magnitude; method; mw<8; night; nov; oct; parameters; precursors; sep; time
• Study on large-gradient deformation of mining areas based on InSAR-PEK technology by Tan, Hao; Yu, Xuexiang; Zhu, Mingfei; Chi, Shenshen; Liu, Chao; Chen, Hengzhi (2023) - However, the predicted values by the InSAR method were close to the measured values, which can be used to independently get subsidence values in the main period from SAR data. In the case of large-gradient deformation of the working panel, compared with the subsidence values extracted by D-InSAR technology, the subsidence values predicted by InSAR-PEK method were close to the measured values, which could provide a feasible method for SAR data to independently obtain subsidence values in the main subsidence period. Keywords: data; deformation; insar; maximum; method; mining; monitoring; pek; period; subsidence; subsidence values; technology; time; values
• Estimation of seismic local slope using Hilbert transform noise correction method by Liu, Mingchen; Meng, Fanchang; Sun, Zhangqing; Lu, Jipu; Wang, Ruihu; Cen, Wenpan (2024) - Estimation of seismic local slope using Hilbert transform noise correction method. The ray parameter is estimated by using the equation (2), 0x tH pH+ ≈  , and equation (2) is converted into a quadratic function as follows: 41Estimation of seismic local slope using Hilbert transform noise correction method (5) The quadratic function is minimized with respect to p, and let ∂Q| ∂p=0, and (6) A more stable ray parameter value can be estimated by using equation (6). Keywords: data; equation; field; figure; filter; hilbert; local; method; noise; plane; slope; slope field; transform; wave
• Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method-based Depletion Assessment Study of Xinshan Iron Ore Mine by Sun, Chentao; Hou, Kepeng; Wang, Shining; Qian, Shanguang (2024) - Front and side view of mine release model 2.2 Weighting 2.2.1 Modelling the hierarchy The principles and steps of hierarchical analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were referred to the literature ( [26], and firstly, the hierarchical structure model of ore depletion evaluation by bottomless column segmental disintegration method was established. Study on the chi- pping step distance under different ore release methods of bottomless column segmental chipping method (in Chinese). Keywords: affiliation; body; chinese; depletion; evaluation; grade; iron; method; ore; parameters; release; segmental; table; volume
• Accuracy Assessment of the PPP Solution Using Standard GNSS Receivers by LUONG, Ngoc Dung; VU, Ngoc Quang; NGUYEN, Viet Ha; TRAN, Dinh Trong (2025) - This means RTK measurement points have their elevations calculated within the national vertical reference system, whereas PPP measurement points do not. To mitigate this, PPP observations can be referenced to a known benchmark within the local vertical system, allowing for height adjustment to align with RTK-derived values. Keywords: 10s; 15s; 30s; accuracy; gnss; method; point; ppp; rtk; solution; time
• A semi-automatic approach to identify first arrival time: the Cross-Correlation Technique by Senkaya, Mustafa; Karslı, Hakan (2014) - Hatherly (1982) used the least squares method with the first kick concept to define first arrival times. CCT performance in the case of 30% random noise: (a) Data with random noise, (b) first arrival times from theoretical and the CCT. Keywords: arrival; break; cct; correlation; data; fig; method; noise; picking; process; refraction; source; time; wavelet
• Adaptive seismic ground roll attenuation using the double density dual tree discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method by Goudarzi, Ali; Riahi, M A (2012) - The main point concerned the choice of transform (in the chain) to be applied before discrete wavelet transform. F. , 2004, Rational multires- olution analysis and fast wavelet transform: application to wavelet shrinkage denoising. Keywords: data; dddtdwt; domain; dwt; frequency; ground; method; noise; roll; section; selesnick; signal; transform; wavelet
• An algorithm for generation of DEMs from contour lines considering geomorphic features by Rui, Xiao-Ping; Yu, Xue-Tao; Lu, Jin; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel; Song, Xian-Feng (2016) - ABSTRACT RESUMEN Keywords: Digital Elevation Models (DEM), interpolation points, contour lines map, geomorphic features. Other geomorphic features expressed in contour line maps. Keywords: contour; contour lines; control; dem; dems; doi; elevation; features; figure; information; interpolation; intersection; lines; method; points; value
• Accuracy Investigation of PPP Method Versus Relative Positioning Using Different Satellite Ephemerides Products Near/Under Forest Environment by Ocalan, Taylan; Erdogan, Bahattin; Tunalioglu, Nursu; Durdag, Utkan Mustafa (2016) - Today relative techniques provide better solutions than PPP technique in terms of point positioning accuracy. The primary factors for point positioning accuracy are the baseline length between two receivers and the observation duration. Keywords: accuracy; coordinate; data; differences; gnss; gps; method; orbit; point; positioning; ppp; products; relative; satellite; services; solutions; web
• An Assessment Method for Debris Flow Dam Formation in Taiwan by Chen, Kun-Ting; Lin, Chia-Hsing; chen, Xiao-Qing; Hu, Gui-Sheng; Guo, Xiao-Jun; Shieh, Chjeng-Lun (2018) - Third, the topographical effect plays an important role in debris flow dam formation; steep narrow valleys require relatively small volumes or discharge of debris flow to block the main branch of the river and form a dam (Costa and Schuster, 1988). This methodology can also be applied to identify the formation of debris flow dams. Keywords: branch; dam; debris; debris flow; deposition; flow; flow dam; formation; landslide; method; river; typhoon
• A comparison of alternative curve fitting techniques for different earthquake fault parameters of Iranian earthquakes by Ozturk, Serkan; Ghassemi, Mohammad R. ; Sarı, Mahmut (2021) - ABSTRACT A comparison of alternative curve fitting techniques for different earthquake fault parameters of Iranian earthquakes Comparación de técnicas de ajuste de curvas para diferentes parámetros de fallas en terremotos en Irán ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n4.72068 En este estudio, los autores se enfocaron en estimar las ecuaciones lineales óptimas para los parámetros asociados con diferentes mecanismos de fallas de terremotos en Irán. Consequently, L1 Norm, L2 Norm, Robust and Orthogonal regressions were tested for Iranian earthquakes in order to provide newer and more suitable empirical relationships among different earthquake fault parameters. Keywords: curve; data; earthquakes; faulting; faults; fitting; ghassemi; iranian; linear; method; parameters; regression; relationships; rupture; srl; surface
• A spectral multidomain penalty method solver for the numerical simulation of granular avalanches by Trujillo-Vela, Mario Germán; Escobar-Vargas, Jorge Alberto; Ramos-Cañón, Alfonso Mariano (2019) - Often, the solution to these equations can be obtained by mean of numerical methods such as finite differences, finite volumes, and finite elements, known as low-order techniques. Riemann solvers and numerical methods for fluid dynamics: a practical introduction. Keywords: boundary; conditions; equations; error; flow; granular; hutter; mass; method; numerical; smpm; spectral; � �
• A catastrophic landslide triggered debris flow in China’s Yigong: factors, dynamic processes, and tendency by Li, Jun; Chen, Ningsheng; Zhao, Yuandi; Liu, Mei; Wang, Weiyu (2020) - The initial and boundary conditions FLAC numerical simulation method based on the shear strength reduction for calculating future landslide magnitude using parameters from rock mechanics tests The Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) method is suitable for simulating landslide sliding surfaces, so we use this method to estimate the volume of future similar landslides to analyze the tendency of CLDFs. The rock masses of BH01 landslide was saturated under the long-term freeze- thaw and dry-wet cycle conditions. Keywords: bh01; chen; china; cldf; debris; debris flow; earthquake; flow; gully; landslide; mass; method; processes; rock; sliding; surface; wang; yigong; zhamunong
• Fine Imaging by Using Advanced Detection of Reflected Waves in Underground Coal Mine by Wang, Bo; Liu, Shengdong; Jin, Biao; Qiu, Wanyong (2019) - However, in the process of calculating eigenvalues and eigenvectors and setting filtering function, corresponding relations between XYZ coordinate axes and P, SH, SV directions are usually artificially, without considering the corresponding relationship between the principal polarization direction of real-time particle in each receiver and propagation direction of seismic wave, which makes the results of unclean separation of P- and S-waves in the roadway. Research and analysis of forward prediction technology using seismic reflection wave in tunnel and laneway in China. Keywords: detection; direction; figure; filtering; imaging; method; migration; polarization; time; tunnel; wave
• Optimization of Fusion Method for GF-2 Satellite Remote Sensing Images based on the Classification Effect by Ren, Jintong; Yang, Wunian; Yang, Xin; Deng, Xiaoyu; Zhao, He; Wang, Fang; Wang, Lei (2019) - However, these research can only evaluate qualitatively or quantitatively the quality of fusion images; the adaptation of classification algorithm in fusion images is still needed to be analyzed. Moreover, different machines are based on object-oriented learning classification algorithm for classifying fusion images to study different fusion dispose methods, and classification algorithm to the precision influences and classification adaptation in urban areas GF-2 satellite remote sensing images. Keywords: algorithm; classification; classification algorithm; data; fusion; fusion images; gf-2; images; information; method; pca; sensing
• Application of Artificial Intelligence in Lithology Recognition of Petroleum Logging in Low Permeability Reservoirs by Shang, Fuhua; Cao, Maojun ; Wang, Caizhi (2021) - Lithology identification methods based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology. In this paper, the application of artificial intelligence technology to low permeability reservoir oil logging lithology identification is proposed. Keywords: artificial; data; figure; identification; intelligence; lithology; lithology identification; logging; method; parameters; permeability; recognition; reservoirs; rock; technology
• GPU Parallelization Nested Decomposition Method for Solving Large Linear Systems in Reservoir Numerical Simulation by Shi, Xin; Di, Yuan (2019) - The preprocessor selection of CPR two stages is MPNF method. MPNF method for 2.5d unstructured grid The simulation of fractured reservoirs uses the Discrete Fracture Model (DFM). Keywords: algorithm; block; color; cpr; grid; iterations; linear; matrix; method; mpnf; number; order; parallel; pressure; solution
• Analysis of the influence characteristics and correction effect of the mine direct current method in advance detection of roadway cavities by Xie, Haijun; Li, Jingrui; Li, Zhiqiang; Li, Sheng (2023) - (Zhou et al., 2022) proposed a “triangular cone” type DC advanced detection three-dimensional observation system, which solves the problem that the traditional DC advanced detection method cannot determine the specific location of the target, avoids the existing obstacles in the current traditional tunnel DC advanced detection, and provides a new solution for advanced detection. Thus, the possibility of applying COMSOL Multiphysics software in forward simulations for advanced DC detection in mine roadways was verified. Keywords: cavity; coal; detection; electric; figure; influence; method; resistivity; results; roadway
• GPS elevation fitting study based on ternary polynomial regression by Wang, Jianmin; Xie, Dongping (2020) - The traditional methods include weighted average method, plane fitting method, quadratic polynomial surface fitting method, moving quadratic polynomial surface fitting method and cubic polynomial surface fitting method, and the new models include neural network fitting method, support vector machine fitting method and curve cloud model fitting method (Zhang et al., 2015; At present, through the research of some scholars, the methods of fitting GPS elevation data can be roughly divided into two categories. Keywords: elevation; fitting; gps; height; method; point; regression
• Calibration Method of Petroleum Underground Horizon Based on High Precision Gravity and Magnetic Exploration by Zang, Kai; Wei, Jiuchuan; Yu, Linsong; Wan, Fang; Hu, Zunfang; Li, Yang (2020) - Qualitative comparison of synthetic seismic records and crosswell seismic profiles can be obtained from two methods. Underground layer calibration method The above process determines the depth and undulation of the basin base by high precision gravity and magnetic exploration technology. Keywords: basin; calibration; curve; data; depth; exploration; faults; figure; gravity; horizon; layer; logging; method; petroleum; records; reflection; results; synthetic; time; underground; value
• High-precision GPS measurement method without geographical restrictions using crowd-sensing technology by Zhang, Yunxiang ; Wang, Bin; Zhang, Lei (2021) - Sensing data may leak the privacy and sensitive information of the users, so a reasonable privacy protection mechanism must be designed to ensure the privacy of the users while completing data collection as much as possible. DOI: https://doi. org/10.15446/esrj.v24n4.92151 In order to improve the flexibility of GPS measurement, a high-precision GPS measurement method that is not restricted by the geographical location under crowd-sensing technology was proposed. Keywords: acquisition; crowd; data; frequency; gps; measurement; method; network; satellite; sensing; signal
• Tracing method of Rare Earth Elements in surrounding rock of geological formation based on three-dimensional positioning algorithm by Lv, Yan ; Lu, Laijun ; Cao, Mengxue (2021) - In this paper, the interference of mass spectrometry and non mass spectrometry in rare earth element tracing is analyzed, and the three- dimensional positioning algorithm is used to trace rare earth elements in the surrounding rock of geological strata, which has better tracking effect. v25n1.93725 Because of the interference of mass spectrum and non-mass spectrum, the tracing accuracy of rare earth elements in the surrounding rock of geological formation is low. Keywords: determination; earth; earth elements; elements; heating; interference; mass; matrix; method; microwave; rock; sample; solution; standard; table; time; value

• Methodological proposal to remote detection and management of areas that are naturally vulnerable to floods by Servidoni, Lucas Emanuel; Ayer, Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes; Lense, Guilherme Henrique Expedito; Rubira, Felipe Gomes; Spalevic, Velibor; Dudic, Branislav; Mincato, Ronaldo Luiz (2023) - There is an overlap of risk areas with Itajubá, Piranguinho, Santa Rita In addition, determining risk areas can target priority locations for investments and projects to contain floods. Keywords: alto; areas; basin; brazil; civil; drainage; et al; flooding; floods; gerais; hydrographic; management; minas; morphometric; risk; sapucaí; use
• Integrated Interpretation of Eocene-Palaeocene Rocks in Potwar Basin, Pakistan: Implications for Petroleum Generation by Shah, Syed Bilawal Ali (2023) - Map showing location of wells and major tectonic structures of Potwar Basin (after Shami and Baig, 2002; Zahid et al., 2014; Shah and Abdullah, 2016; Shah and Abdullah, 2017; Shah et al., 2019). Previous studies by researchers such as Ihasn et al. (2022), Nazir et al. (2014), Shah et al. (2021), Fazeelat et al. (2010), Shah (2017), Nazir et al. (2015), H et al. (2021), and Masood et al. (2017) focused on different formations and used various techniques to evaluate them, including modelling the structure with faults for salt diapirs and studying specific formations like Sakesar, Tobra, and Khewra. Keywords: basin; et al; formation; oil; pakistan; patala; petroleum; potential; potwar; sakesar; shah; source; toc
• Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys by Sarwar, Umair; Ghazi, Shahid; Ali, Syed Haroon; Mehmood, Mubashir; Jahangir Khan, Muhammad; Zaheer, Arslan; Arif, Syed Jawad (2024) - 4.2 Lithostratigraphy of Kirthar Formation in Rakhi Nala Section Member of the Kirthar Formation from old to young: • Drazinda Member • The upper contact of the unconformable Kirthar Formation is situated in the “Drazinda Member” and underlying sandstone sequences of the Chitarwatta Formation. Keywords: ali; basin; domanda; drazinda; eocene; figure; formation; habib; kirthar; level; limestone; matrix; member; microfacies; mudstone; nala; packstone; pakistan; pirkoh; rahi; sea; shale; sulaiman
• Tectono-sedimentary events and geodynamic evolution of the Northern Middle Atlas Miocene basins (Morocco): impact on the NW-SE Atlantic transgression by El Fartati, Mohamed; Hinaje, Saïd; Sabaoui, Abdellah; Yaagoub, Driss; Laiche, Mohammed; Baadi, Khaoula; Drissi, Youssef; Laksir, Anas; Amrani , Samir; Gharmane, Youssef (2025) - Keywords: Miocene basins; Geodynamic evolution; Tectonic events; Middle Atlas; Morocco. It is only in 1927 that the marine Miocene was reported in the Middle Atlas in relation to gulfs from the South Rifain-Saïs Strait (Figure 2). Keywords: aghram; amellal; atlas; basin; deposits; faults; figure; formation; hinaje; marine; marls; maroc; middle; middle atlas; miocene; oued; sefrou; skoura; tectonic; tortonian; upper
• Clastic Source and Depositional Environment of Mixed Carbonate-Clastic Sequences in the Oligocene Nari Formation from the Hundi Anticline, Karachi Embayment, Indus Basin, Pakistan by Ahmedani, Surriya Bibi; Hakro, Asghar A. A. D.; Mastoi, Abdul Shakoor; Ali Halepoto , Aijaz ; Sahito, Ali Ghulam; Akhtar, Shamim; Lashari, Rafique Ahmed (2025) - Williams (1959) used the term “Nari Formation” for the “Nari Series”. Nari Formation has been studied in terms of echinoids fossil assemblages (Duncan & Sladen, 1884; Hunting Survey Carporation, 1960; Khan, 1968), reservoir potential (Mahmud & Sheikh, 2009), grain size analysis and depositional environment (Khokhar et al., 2016; Keywords: a. a.; a. d.; basin; calcite; carbonate; clastic; conditions; environment; et al; facies; figure; formation; geology; hakro; indus; journal; limestone; microfacies; nari; nari formation; oligocene; pakistan; petrofacies; quartz; sandstone; traces
• Mechanical Properties as Predictors of Sand production: Case Study of the Mamuniyat Reservoir, Murzuq Basin-Libya by Ben Ghawar, Bahia Muftah; Zairi, Moncef; Salloum , Fathi M.; Elgubi, Mohammed (2025) - Este artículo de investigación busca establecer una metodología para detectar la producción de arena en el reservorio de Mamuniyat (Ordovícico Tardío) a lo largo de múltiples campos de petróleo en la cuenca de Murzuq, al noroeste de Libia. Palabras clave: Indicador de producción de arena; reservorio de Mamuniyat; propiedades mecánicas; petrofísica; cuenca de Murzuq; Libia Propiedades mecánicas como predictores de la producción de arena: caso de estudio del reservorio de Mamuniyat, en la cuenca de Murzuq, Libia La producción de arena es uno de los factores inestables de las reservas de petróleo. Keywords: basin; clean; formation; libya; logs; mamuniyat; murzuq; oil; production; properties; reservoir; rock; sand; wells
• Evaluating total Yet-to-Find hydrocarbon volume in Colombia by Vargas Jiménez, Carlos Alberto (2012) - 33 2.4.8 Ratio between basin area and hydrocarbon generated .................................................. 34 2.4.9 Volume of hydrocarbon generated ....................................................................................... 35 2.4.10 Trapped hydrocarbons............................................................................................................. 37 2.4.11 Sensitivity analysis ..................................................................................................................... 38 2.5 Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 38 2.6 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................ 39 2.7 Appendices .......................................................................................................................................... 39 2.7.1 Appendix 2-1 ............................................................................................................................. 39 2.7.2 Appendix 2-2 ............................................................................................................................. 40 3 RECOVERABLE ORIGINAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................... 41 3.1 General comments .............................................................................................................................. 41 3.1.1 Volumetric estimation ................................................................................................................ Calculations were made for the rest of the basins for which there was little or no data available, based on a hypothesis of linearity regarding hydrocarbon available for production being directly related to basin area (e.g. Vargas, 2009). Keywords: april; areas; b ia; basin; basin area; basin distribution; basins earth; caguán; colombia; colombia basin; confidence; cordillera; d h; data; distribution; earth sciences; eastern; figure; fit; gas; gas hydrates; gas resources; gas sands; gas volume; goodness; h y; hydrocarbons; hypothesis; ia figure; ia o; information; interval; issue; llanos; lo m; m b; magdalena; magdalena valley; methane gas; middle; ng t; o figure; offshore; oil earth; oil shale; parameters; potential; production; putumayo; research journal; resources; resources earth; results; rock; sands earth; scenario; sciences research; shale earth; shale gas; table; test; thickness; tight; total; tto; upper; valley basin; value; volume; y d
• GEOLOGY AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF CAMPANO-MAASTRICHTIAN SEDIMENTS IN THE ANAMBRA BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM FIELD RELATIONSHIP AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL STUDY by O.C, Adeigbe; A. E, Salufu (2009) - Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria olukris2001@yahoo.com and seemeomoh@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The study area lies within the Anambra Basin and it is made up of Enugu Shale, Mamu Formation, Ajali Sandstone, and Nsukka Formation. Key words: Anambra Basin, Geology, depositional environment, Mamu Formation and Ajali Sandstone 148 Manuscript received: 11/08/2009 Accepted for publication: 18/12/2009 ENERO 30-GEOCIENCIAS-VOL 13-2 2009.prn D:\GEOCIENCIAS 13-2 DIC 2009\GEOCIENCIAS-VOL 13-2 2009.vp sÆbado, 30 de enero de 2010 18:16:33 p p p Composite 133 lpi at 45 degrees RESUMEN Keywords: ajali; basin; enero; enugu; environment; formation; mamu; nigeria; sandstone; shale; study; vol
• RADIOGENIC COMPONENTS OF THE NIGERIAN TAR SAND DEPOSITS by A., Akinmosin; O.O., Osinowo; M. A., Oladunjoye (2009) - Ac (Th) Ac228 (Bqkg-1) Absorbed Dose Rate (nGyhr-1) Dose Equivalents (mSvyr-1) S1 Tar sand 35.80 ± 6.92 14.22 ± 0.7 24.69 0.216 S6 Tar sand 20.48 ± 1.30 11.13 ±0.56 16.11 0.141 S8 Tar sand 88.4. ± 3.27 25.11 ± 0.9 54.64 0.473 S9 Slightly impregnated bituminous sand ND 2.23 ±0.28 1.48 0.013 S4 Tar sand 148.07±9.81 86.81 ± 2.6 121.33 1.06 S10 Tar sand 30.8 ± 1.16 17.76 ±0.52 24.63 0.20 S11 Tar sand ND 15.19 ±6.08 65.07 0.57 S12 For instance, naturally but non-series 40K was detected at 1460.75keV in all the samples except in Tar L2, Tar L3, Tar sand 13, Tar sand 17 and Tar sand 18; there activity values range between 7.04 ± 0.45Bqkg-1 and 1003.91 ± 48.57Bqkg-1 The 238U series are more prominent in the sam- ples analyzed than the 232Th series.214Bi activity val- ues range between 5.02 ± 0.33Bqkg-1 and 193.01 ± 19.94Bqkg-1; 226Ra activity values range between 6.10 ± 0.84BgKg-1 and 148.07 ± 9.81BgKg-1 ; 228Ac activity values range between 2.14 ± 0.60Bqkg-1 and 53.66 ± 4.44Bqkg-1 ; 208TI values range between 1.09 ± 0.38Bqkg-1 and 86.81 ± 2.6Bqkg-1. Keywords: adegoke; basin; dose; enu; formation; gamma; geology; nigeria; samples; sand; shale; tar
• THE CAMAQUÃ BASIN MODELLING : TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHY THROUGH INTEGRATION OF GEOPHYSICAL (GRAVIMETRY, WELL LOG) AND REMOTE SENSING DATA by Kazmierczak1, Thais de Souza; Castillo, Luis A.; Chemale Jr, Farid; de Souza, Sérgio Florêncio; Gómez Londoño, Ernesto (2007) - Es presentado un modelo esquemático 3D de la Cuenca de Camaquã basado en la geofísica de pozos e imágenes de satélite, integrados al modelo digital del terreno. Key words: Camaquã Basin, Geophysics, Remote Sensing, Lithostratigraphy, Well Logs RESUMEN A continuación es presentado un análisis tectonoestratigráfico de la Cuenca Camaquã. Keywords: basin; camaquã; deformational; figure; lineaments; log; sensing; sequences
• Using aromatic biological markers as a tool for assessing thermal maturity of source rocks in the Campano-Maastrichtian Mamu Formation, southeastern Nigeria by Ogala, Jude E.; Akaegbobi, Mike I. (2014) - Alexander et al., 1985; Radke et al., 1986; Garrigues et al., 1988; Strachan et al., 1988; Akaegbobi et al., 2000; Akinlua et al., 2007; Sonibare et al., 2008). Complex mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons have been identified in crude oils (Cumbers et al., 1986), organic extracts of coals (Radke et al., 1982a, b; Puttman and Villar, 1987) and ancient sediments (Alexander et al., 1985; Garrigues et al., 1988, 1990). Keywords: anambra; basin; coal; et al; extracts; hydrocarbons; maturity; oils; petroleum; radke; rock; shale; source; table; volume
• The geochemistry of claystone-shale deposits from the Maastritchian Patti formation, Southern Bida basin, Nigeria by Okunlola, O; Idowu, O (2012) - major element abundance showed that shale samples had SiO2 (61.26%), Al2O3 (16.88%) and Fe2O3 (3.75%), constituting more than 79% of the bulk chemical composition while claystone samples contained SiO2 (67.79%), Al2O3 (17.81%) and Fe2O3 (1.67%). major element abundance showed that the shale samples had SiO2 (61.26%), Al2O3 (16.88%) and Fe2O3 (3.75%) constituting more than 79% of bulk chemical composition whilst claystone samples contained SiO2 (67.79%), Al2O3 (17.81%) and Fe2O3 (1.67%). Keywords: al2o3; basin; bida; claystone; claystone samples; element; formation; nigeria; patti; ratios; rocks; samples; shale; shale samples; sio2; tio2
• Seismotectonic-Geologic Hazards Zoning of Iran by Arian, Mehran (2015) - East Iran province The dominant structural trend in East Iran province (Fig. 2) is N-S. From tectonics point of view, this province contains a collision belt brought about by eastward subduction of East-Central Iran miniplate (Fig. 1) beneath Central blocks of Afghanistan. East Iran province is hit by moderate to high earthquakes with middle to high (on fault terminations) frequency, medium repeat time and down to 15Km focal depth. Keywords: alborz; arian; basin; earthquakes; east; fig; hazards; iran; journal; province; tectonics
• Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Composition of Carbonate Rocks of the Permian Qixia Formation, Sichuan Basin: Thermal Effects of Emeishan Basalt by Huang, Keke; Li, Xiaoning; Hu, Zuowei; Zhong, Yijiang (2016) - The genetic mechanism of shoal facies dolomite and its additive effect of Permian Qixia Formation in Sichuan Basin. The low δ13C values were mainly distributed throughout the middle part of the Qixia Formation (the bottom of the second member of the Formation); the δ13C values of samples from this part were mostly between -1‰ and 1‰. Despite Qixia Formation in the Changjianggou section and Qiaoting section was deposited in a shallow-water platform facies and an open platform facies, respectively (Huang et al., 2004), such difference could not lead to the observed variation in δ13C values due to its insensitive to spatial factor. Keywords: basin; carbon; carbonates; changjianggou; chinese; formation; isotopic; oxygen; permian; qiaoting; qixia; qixia formation; samples; section; sichuan; values
• Geological Characteristics of Unconventional Gas in Coal Measure of Upper Paleozoic Coal Measures in Ordos Basin, China by He, Jinxian; Zhang, Xiaoli; Ma, Li; Wu, Hongchen; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel (2016) - In Chinese coal measure strata, because the coal seam, dark mud shale, and tight sandstone interbedded deposit, the geological phenomenon which several kinds of coal measures gasses jointly preserve is relatively prevalent. Additionally, in coal mining, because the surrounding rock gas of coal seam is a primary source of the coal mine gas, the coal measures’ gas (not only coalbed methane) drainage helps reduce the hazard of coal mine gas and efficiently reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Keywords: basin; coal; formation; gas; measures; ordos; paleozoic; sandstone; shale
• Geochemical Characteristics and Paleoenvironmental Signi cance of the Ordovician Paleokarst Reservoir in the Maigaiti Slope of Tarim Basin by Qingyu, Zhang; Bin, Liang; Fengrui, Qin; Jianwen, Cao; Yong, Dan; Yanzhen, Hao; Jingrui, Li; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel (2016) - This confirms that their formations are related to fresh water and proves the existence of ancient weathered crust karstification (Li et al., 2009). In recent years, researchers have applied geochemical characteristics in paleokarst reservoir research and have greatly promoted global research on paleokarst and diagenesis fluids (Shields et al., 2003; Veizer et al., 1999; Liu et al., 2012; Yan et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2008). Keywords: abstract; basin; carbonatite; characteristics; chinese; english; environment; et al; exploration; formation; gas; isotope; karst; maigaiti; marine; oil; ordovician; paleokarst; slope; tarim; values
• Crustal Velocity Models Retrieved from Surface Wave Dispersion Data for Gujarat Region, Western Peninsular India by Joshi, Vishwa (2019) - In the present study, three clusters of wave paths A, B1, and B2 have considered. Map shows three clusters of wave paths: A, B1 and B2. Keywords: basin; crust; data; group; gujarat; india; path; velocity; wave
• The pilot appraisal of acid fracturing of coalbed methane reservoir in southeast Qinshui Basin, China by Yang, Yu; Zhang, Chengwei; Tian, Huijun; Chen, Wangang; Peng, Xiadong; Zhang, Hao (2016) - 2. Natural Fracture Net and Mineral Contents 2.1 Observation of macro-scale nature fracture The main pay zones of Qinshui Basin coal bed methane are named as 3# and 15# coal seams. Through downhole observations, SEM and X-ray diffraction analysis, we can see fillings in coal fractures as that most of the clay minerals are kaolinite or illite, and the carbonate fillings in both macro- scale fracture and miro-scale fracture are also abundant. Keywords: acid; basin; carbonate; cbm; coal; fracture; fracturing; gas; methane; minerals; pad; qinshui; reservoir
• Burial history and the evolution of hydrocarbon generation in Carboniferous-Permian coal measures within the Jiyang super-depression, China by Sijie, Han; Shuxun, Sang ; Peiming, Zhou ; Jinlong, Jia ; Jingjing, Liang (2021) - Keywords: Burial history; Carboniferous-Permian; Jiyang Sub-basin; maturation evolution; secondary hydrocarbon generation. However, to date, few specialized quantitative studies have investigated hydrocarbon generation thresholds and the relationship between subsidence rates and the evolution of vitrinite reflectance (VRo) in the Jiyang Sub-basin. Keywords: basin; burial; china; coal; depth; generation; hydrocarbon; hydrocarbon generation; jiyang; jiyang sub; sub; temperature; vro
• Formation of oil and gas reservoirs in deep water areas of the South Caspian Depression by Ogly Gahramanov, Gahraman Nariman (2017) - Next, it is expedient to investigate the mechanism of formation of SCD structures during the emergence of vertical forces. Estimations of excessive pressures for various thicknesses and depths of gas condensate deposits were carried out in order to determine the regularities of the changes in excessive pressure and the gradients of reservoir pressure with depth (Table 1). Keywords: basin; caspian; deposits; depths; formation; gas; oil; pressure; reservoir; scd; structure
• 3D Modeling and Tectonic Interpretation of the Erzincan Basin (Turkey) using Potential Field Data by Aydın, Ömer Lütfü; Bektas, Ozcan; Büyüksaraç, Aydın; Yılmaz, Hüseyin (2019) - AF: Avcıdagi Fault, EBF: Erzincan Basin Fault, HF: Heltepe Fault, NAFZ: AF: Avcıdagi Fault, EBF: Erzincan Basin Fault, HF: Heltepe Fault, NAFZ: Keywords: anatolian; angle; basin; continuation; data; derivative; erzincan; erzincan basin; fault; figure; filter; gravity; gravity data; surface; tilt; turkey
• Diagenetic controls on reservoir quality of tight sandstone: A case study of the Upper Triassic Yanchang formation Chang 7 sandstones, Ordos Basin, China by Zhu, Haihua; Liu, Guangchen; Zhong, Dakang; Zhang, Tingshan; Lang, Jun; Yao, Jingli (2018) - Distribution of thin section porosity, primary porosity and dissolution porosity with the depth of Chang 7member sandstones, Ordos basin. Sandstone diagenesis: recent and ancient. Keywords: basin; calcite; cement; chang; chlorite; detrital; districts; figure; minerals; ordos; pores; porosity; quartz; reservoir; sandstones
• Study on the relationship between multi-stage strike-slip mechanism and basin evolution in Fangzheng fault depression by Wu, Jingfeng; Meng, Qi'an; Fu, Xiaofei; Ma, Yuling; Sun, Meifeng; Sun, Ning; Tan, Wancang (2018) - Fangzheng fault depression from south to north seismic profile shows different fault depression structures (Fig. 2). Study on the relationship between multi-stage strike-slip mechanism and basin evolution in Fangzheng fault depression. Keywords: basin; depression; evolution; fangzheng; fault; fault depression; slip; stage; strike; tan; zone
• Characteristics and dolomitization of the Lower Qiulitage Group reservoir in Bachu Uplift, Tarim Basin, China by Li, Bin; Xia, Qingsong; Peng, Jun; Yang, Suju; Xu, Qingqi; Zeng, Lei (2019) - Based on the above research, it is believed that the Lower Qiulitage Group develops crystal dolomite reservoirs under the limited platform. The reservoir quality of dolomite reservoirs in the basement fault area is better. Keywords: bachu; basin; cambrian; characteristics; dolomite; dolomitization; group; hydrothermal; pores; porosity; qiulitage; reservoir; tarim; uplift
• LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb dating of Early Jurassic granite basement in Chagan Area of the Northest Guangdong and its geological implications by Tang, Jinhui; Lou, Feng (2020) - Again, SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of granite (1196±2Ma)) and gabbro (1195±1Ma) in the intrusion proves that magmatic activity also existed in the early Jurassic in northern Guangdong (Yu et al., 2009), which is also the earliest granite age of Yanshanian period up to now. LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb dating of Early Jurassic granite basement in Chagan Area of the Northeast Guangdong and its geological implications. Keywords: age; basin; dating; early; granite; icp; jurassic; ratio; zircon
• Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Optimum Layout of Urban and Rural Areas in Different Geomorphological Types by Li, Jing; Cai, Zhongyuan; Duan, Lianru (2020) - Acknowledgments This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, Study on the green construction of rural settlement units in northwest China (51678481); Shaanxi provincial education department special research project (17JK0460); Xi’an university of architecture and technology, 2019 special research fund for new urbanization, (general items); Xi’an Polytechnic University, the project of General project of philosophy and social science (2019ZXSK02). Traffic trunk lines often become the guide of settlement development and evolution. Keywords: areas; basin; characteristics; county; development; distribution; distribution characteristics; elevation; environment; guangnan; jinghe; jinghe river; karst; landform; loess; plateau; river; river basin; settlements; spatial; structure; town
• Analysis of accumulation models of Middle Permian in Northwest Sichuan Basin by Li, Bin; Li, Qiqi; Mei, Wenhua; Zhuo, Qingong; Lu, Xuesong (2021) - ABSTRACT Analysis of accumulation models of middle Permian in Northwest Sichuan Basin Análisis de los modelos de acumulación del Pérmico medio en la cuenca del noroeste de Sichuan ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n4.91149 Un gran progreso se ha logrado en la exploración del Pérmico medio en el noroeste de Sichuan (China) en los últimos años, pero aún persisten muchas preguntas para entender las condiciones de acumulación de hidrocarburos. Besides, seismic data on middle Permian gas reservoirs have been collected from the Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, including seismic interpretation section (AA ‘) and seismic interpretation section of wells K1, S1, H2, ST3, and G5. Keywords: accumulation; basin; belt; formation; gas; middle; middle permian; northwest; oil; permian; reservoir; rocks; sichuan; source
• Drought Monitoring Using MOWCATL Data Mining Algorithm in Aras Basin, Turkey by Topçu, Emre (2022) - The study results revealed that the antecedent parameters were ineffective in detecting arid conditions in Ardahan and Doğubeyazıt stations, and they were influential on drought conditions, especially in a-SPI-3 and a-SPI-12 month periods at other stations. Meteorological drought is the primary type, which is the impetus behind other droughts, bringing about a decrease in the normal long term precipitation. Keywords: algorithm; antecedent; aras; basin; conditions; consequent; data; drought; index; mining; mowcatl; precipitation; rules; spi12(4; spi3(4; study; table; time

• Diversity and paleoecological significance of zooxanthellate corals of Oligocene Qom Formation, SE Iran by Mohammadi, Ebrahim; Ghaedi, Mehdi (2024) - Reuter et al. (2009) studied scleractinian corals from Abadeh and Zefreh sections (in the fore-arc Basin) and Chalehghareh and Qom sections (in the back-arc Basin). During the Oligocene-Miocene, the biogeography of reef corals progressively changed from the Tethyan Province in the Eocene to three reef-coral provinces: the Mediterranean, the Indo-Pacific, and the western Atlantic-Caribbean (Perrin and Bosellini, 2012; Pomar et al., 2014). Keywords: algae; bozdan; carbonate; corals; energy; formation; gonarestan; hallock; iran; miocene; mohammadi; oligocene; qom; sections; tavakolabad
• General classification and nomenclature of sedimentary deposits and rocks, a review by Cruz Guevara, Luis Enrique; Cruz-Ceballos, Luis Felipe; Avendaño-Sanchez, Gladys Marcela (2024) - Clastic sedimentary deposits or rocks, where sedimentary particles are more than 50% of the deposits or rocks. Unlike clastic sedimentary deposits, which are composed of sediments (mineral and rock fragments, etc.), chemical deposits are created by the direct chemical precipitation of minerals, often from evaporating or supersaturated solutions. Keywords: accumulation; biogenic; boggs; breccias; carbonate; chemical; classification; clastic; collapse; component; cruz; depositional; deposits; derived; diagenetic; et al; figure; folk; formation; fragmentation; fragments; friedman; general; geology; lithic; luis; materials; minerals; phosphate; precipitation; processes; products; quartz; regolith; rfs; rocks; sanders; science; sedimentary; sedimentites; silicate; structures; table; weathering; wright
• Mineralogy and geochemistry of stratabound copper - silver deposits hosted by the La Quinta Formation, northern Colombia by González-Durán, Andrés Felipe; Molano-Mendoza, Juan Carlos; Sepúlveda-Ospina, María Janeth; Cano, Néstor Alfredo; Guerrero-Higuero, Nathalia Marcela; Chávez, William; Contreras Palencia, Luis Alejandro (2025) - Además, la oxidación supérgena de minerales de mena hipogénicos resultó en la formación de spionkopita, anilita y covelita, además de otros minerales secundarios de Cu. Acerca de la geología de la Serranía de Perijá entre Codazzi y Villanueva. Keywords: alteration; basalt; bornite; colombia; copper; covellite; deposits; epidote; et al; fig; formation; geology; hydrothermal; mineralization; minerals; native; ore; perijá; quartz; quinta; sediment; stratabound; sulfides; ±ag
• Rolling appraisal and high-efficiency development on a lithologic reservoir of nearshore subaqueous fan in the Tanan oilfield by Wen, Quan; Sha, Zixuan; Wang, Guozhi (2024) - Identification means of the fan According to the analysis of fan development conditions, paleogeomorphic restoration combined with seismic sedimentology is used to identify the sedimentary fan effectively. Starting from the geological conditions, this paper discusses the charac- teristics of nearshore underwater fan lithologic reservoirs with near source advantages, which provides a rich material basis for rolling evaluation and searching for sweet spo reservoirs. Keywords: body; characteristics; development; fan; formation; lithologic; nearshore; oil; oilfield; production; reservoir; rolling; sag; subfacies; tanan
• Petrographical Study of Ewekoro Carbonate Rocks, in Ibese, South Western Nigeria by Akinmosin, A.; Osinowo, O.O. (2010) - This work is aimed at identifying and describing both the allochemical and orthochemical components of Ibese limestone deposits based on petrographic studies and to deduce the depositional environment. Conclusion Petrographic studies of Ibese limestone deposit have shown that the rock is highly fossiliferous with the identified fossils indicating deposition in an open shelf environment. Keywords: carbonate; ewekoro; formation; ibese; limestone; nigeria; rocks; south; western
• A NEW APPROACH ON THE TECTONOMETAMORPHIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH P–T PATHS OF THE BARROVIAN-TYPE SILGARÁ FORMATION AT THE CENTRAL SANTANDER MASSIF, COLOMBIAN ANDES by Castellanos A., Óscar M.; Ríos R, Carlos A; Takasu, Akira (2008) - Field and hand-specimen photographs from the Silgará Formation metamorphic rocks at the CSM. (c) Garnet-bearing pelitic schists displaying a pervasively schistosity, which represent the most common type of metamorphic rock. Keywords: andes; biotite; c m; formation; garnet; kyanite; massif; metamorphism; mineral; muscovite; p c; quartz; rocks; ríos; santander; silgará; staurolite
• A NEW INTERPRETATION FOR THE GARNET ZONING IN METAPELITIC ROCKS OF THE SILGARÁ FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN SANTANDER MASSIF, COLOMBIA by Ríos Reyes, Carlos Alberto; Castellanos Alarcón, Oscar Mauricio; Takasu, Akira (2008) - Yttrium is potentially useful for monitoring reactions involving Ca-rich minerals such as epidote and plagioclase because this element substitutes for Ca in mineral structures and Y discon- tinuities in garnet zoning may correlate with inflec- tions in Ca zoning (Hickmott & Spear, 1992). If the consumption or production of these phases and the changes in how Ca and other elements are locally partitioned between garnet and other minerals, accounts for garnet zoning, there should be trends in zoning in other Ca-rich phases. Keywords: core; element; figure; formation; garnet; garnet zoning; growth; low; mineral; rim; rocks; santander; silgará; staurolite; trace; vol; zone; zoning
• PALEONTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ECHINODERMS IN THE QOM FORMATION (CENTRAL IRAN) by Khaksar, Keyvan; Moghadam, Iraj Maghfouri (2007) - CONCLUSIONS Firstly, the presence of Echinoderms in the Qom Formation reveals a passage to the sea. Pliocene sequences of Qom formation have various facies. Keywords: burdigalian; central; clypeaster; cotteau; des; distribution; echinoderms; formation; genus; iran; material; member; miocene; oligocene; pages; qom; samples; sea; study; view; vol
• Communication regarding the geology and vertebrate palaeontology of the Adamantina formation (Bauru group, Upper Cretaceous) in Campina Verde, Minas Gerais State, Brazil by Ferreira de Oliveira, Emerson; Rangel, Caio César; Sullivan de Jesus Alves, Diego; Silva Limonta, Filipi; Carvalho, Adelino; A. Candeiro, Carlos Roberto (2011) - La ciudad de Campina Verde, localizada en esta zona, es donde la mayoría de los estudios se llevaron a cabo y es conocida como un campo de fósiles. Von Huene (1934) recovered fragmentary fossil sauropod dinosaur remains while conducting palaeontological reconnaissance in Campina Verde in 1910; Barcelos (1984) recognised the deposits in which they were found as being Adamantina formation (Fernandes and Coimbra). Keywords: adamantina; bauru; campina; candeiro; formation; fossil; group; verde
• Zeolitisation of Neogene sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks exposed in Paipa (Boyacá), in the Colombian Andes: simulating their natural formation conditions by Quintero Ortíz, Fredy Alberto; Torres Valenzuela, Johel; Ríos Reyes, Carlos Alberto (2011) - Simula- tion conditions to be used in zeolite synthesis should thus reproduce the origin of natural zeolites as a process related to the hydrothermal transformation of glass to smectite, prior to the formation of zeolites, which could not be proved in this study. Many experimental studies concerning zeolite synthesis have been conducted to clarify the geological conditions regarding zeolite formation, using different starting materials in varied chemical and temperature con- ditions (Breck, 1974; Gottardi and Galli, 1985). Keywords: alkaline; colombia; conditions; deposits; et al; figure; formation; hydrothermal; materials; mineral; paipa; phases; products; quartz; reaction; rocks; ríos; starting; synthesis; volcanic; zeolites
• Natural zeolites filling amygdales and veins in basalts from the British Tertiary Igneous Province on the Isle of Skye, Scotland by Triana, J M; Herrera, J F; A, C; Castellanos, O M; Henao, J A; William, Craig; Roberts, Clive (2012) - The red laterite is formed by the deep weath- (2) Natural zeolites filling amygdales and veins in basalts from the British Tertiary Igneous Province on the Isle of Skye, Scotland 45 ering of the upper layers of lava flows before the next one had erupted In some cases, contact between spillitic lava flows marks a contrast in the degree of weathering, colour and development of layering, reddish-brown meaning a greater degree of weathering and vesicular random distribution, which apparently contain a smaller amount of zeolite amygdales A typical example of zeolite occurrence in amygdales can be observed at Talisker Point (Figure 3d) They have become worthy of being called the mineral of the future several countries around the world have made significant progress in the exploring and exploiting of this mineral However, only a few of the natural zeolites in the world are found in sufficient quantities and having the purity required by industry The U S Geological Survey has reported natural zeolites’ worldwide oc- currence in the USA, Japan, Korea, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary, Russia, Yugoslavia, South Africa, Italy, Germany, Turkey and China, the latter having the greatest worldwide production Clinoptilo- lite, mordenite, heulandite, chabazite, phillipsite and laumontite are some of the more than 40 known natural zeolites occurring in reasonably high quantities and purity This study was aimed at recognising natural zeolites filling amygdales and veins in tertiary basaltic host rocks on the Isle of Skye (NW Scotland) for their mineralogical characterisation and determining the sequence of zeolite formation of and that of associated minerals field sampling and analytical methods A University of Wolverhampton (England) research team was in- volved in reconnaissance fieldwork on the Isle of Skye (Scotland) during autumn 2008 Fieldwork was primarily focused on localities presenting excellent examples of natural zeolites in spillites from the Skye Main Lava Series (Thompson, 1982; Keywords: amygdales; analcime; basalts; chabazite; crystals; et al; figure; formation; isle; lava; mineral; natrolite; nontronite; occurrence; rocks; scotland; skye; stilbite; thomsonite; veins; zeolites
• Late Permian brachiopoda fauna in north-western Iran by Yousefirad, Mostafa; Shaabanian, Rahim; Khamooshi, Touran (2013) - The 46-meter-thick Ali Bashi Formation was examined in this re- search to enable a paleontological study of brachiopods. Late Permian brachiopod genera were found in the Zal section. Keywords: abich; ali; bashi; brachiopods; formation; iran; late; permian; section; shell
• Petrologic significance of Fe-rich staurolite in pelitic schists of the Silgará Formation, Santander Massif by Ríos, Carlos Alberto; Castellanos, Óscar Mauricio (2016) - In contrast, staurolite forming reactions typically have a lower variance than garnet forming reactions (Sanislav and Shah, 2010). It is usually abundant along with garnet, particularly in the transition between the garnet and staurolite metamorphic zones. Keywords: biotite; formation; garnet; massif; muscovite; quartz; reaction; rocks; santander; schists; silgará; staurolite
• Lithofacies cyclicity determination in the guaduas formation (Colombia) using Markov chains by Mariño Martinez, Jorge Eliecer; Amaya, Erika (2016) - A partir de los análisis de facies y de las cadenas de Markov, es evidente que la formación Guaduas es una secuencia cíclica en la que las repeticiones de facies de Markov son consistentes con el análisis de litofacies en estudios estratigráficos anteriores. Para cada una de estas secciones, las matrices de las cadenas de Markov presentan una fuerte interacción entre facies mareales y facies fluviales, especialmente en la matriz de Penas de Sutatausa, donde la facie 6, compuesta de depósitos mareales, aparece varias veces. Keywords: amaya; chain; coal; fluvial; formation; guaduas; lithofacies; markov; matrix; section; transition
• The Tatuí Formation (Early Permian, Paraná Basin), Brazil: Paleontology and Paleoenvironmental Considerations by Chahud, Artur; Petri, Setembrino (2015) - Estado de São Paulo. Paleocorrentes, paleogeografia e seqüências deposicionais da Formação Tatuí, centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo. Keywords: chahud; et al; formation; fossils; irati; paraná; paulo; petri; são; são paulo; tatuí
• Metallogenic Dynamics Background of Ga’erqiong Cu-Au Deposit in Tibet, China by Ouyang, Yuan; Yang, Wunian; Huang, Hanxiao; Liu, Hong; Zhang, Jianlong; Zhang, Jianhua (2017) - Metallogenic Dynamics Background of Ga’erqiong Cu- Au Deposit in Tibet, China. The Ga’erqiong Cu-Au deposit, which sits on the north side of the Coqên-Xainzamagmatite belt, is a large-scale skarn- type deposit, whose ore body has formed in the skarn zone in the contact part of quartz diorite and marble of Duoai formation or the cracks of quartz diorite. Keywords: block; crust; deposit; diorite; formation; ga’erqiong; quartz; rock; tibet; zircon
• Automatic Identification of Calcareous Lithologies Using Support Vector Machines, Borehole Logs and Fractal Dimension of Borehole Electrical Imaging by Leal, Jorge Alberto; Ochoa, Luis Hernan; Contreras, Carmen Cecilia (2018) - Identificación y modelado de fracturas naturales en pozos de un yacimiento de hidrocarburos ubicado ABSTRACT Keywords: machine learning; support vector machines; borehole logs, image logs; fractal dimension; calcareous lithologies; Catatumbo Basin. Keywords: borehole; colombia; data; dimension; figure; formation; fractal; image; intervals; limestone; logs; resistivity; rocks; shale; svm
• Biological and geological characterization of modern biofilms and microbial mats and comparison with similar lithified structures in Colombian Cretaceous formations by Osorio-Rodriguez, Daniela; Sanchez-Quiñónez, Carlos Alberto (2018) - Biological and geological characterization of modern biofilms and microbial mats and comparison with similar lithified structures in Colombian Cretaceous formations. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v22n3.68839 Microorganisms may play an important role in the binding of sediments and the formation of sedimentary structures, by means of the formation of biofilms and microbial mats. Keywords: biofilms; colombia; cyanobacteria; figure; formation; laminae; mats; order; schieber; sections; spring; structures
• Late Cretaceous Bauru Group biota from Southern Goiás state, Brazil: history and fossil content by Candeiro, Carlos Roberto; Brusatte, Stephen; Queiroz, Glayce; Carvalho, Adelino; Maia, Débora; Dias, Tamires; Vidal, Luciano; Gomes, Musa Maria Nogueira ; Barros, Lucas Marques (2021) - La región del sur del estado de Goiás, en el centro de Brasil, tiene un registro extenso e informativo de la biota fósil. En este artículo, proporcionamos una síntesis actualizada de la biota del Cretáceo del sur del estado de Goiás, basada en el registro de plantas, gastropodos, tortugas, cocodrilianos, titanosaurios y dinosaurios terópodos. Keywords: bauru; candeiro; cretaceous; et al; formation; fossil; goiás; goiás state; group; indet; marília; state
• Study of involved fluids and geochemistry of rare earth elements of Aghbolagh copper deposit, in North Oshnavieh, West Azerbaijan Province of Iran by Dana, Kamal; Nezafati, Nima; Vossoughi Abedini, Mansuor (2020) - The examination of fluid inclusions determined two main groups of fluids in this mineralization system. Fluid inclusions are the only source of information on the density of mineralized fluids. Keywords: aghbolagh; deposit; figure; fluid; formation; garnet; inclusions; liquid; mass; minerals; ore; phase; phase inclusions; quartz; salinity; sample; skarn; temperature

• Geostatistical Estimation and Simulation in Dam Hydrogeological and Geotechnical Research: A Comprehensive Review by Karami, Shawgar; Katibeh, Homayoon; Karbala, Mohammadamin (2024) - Also, permeability data may indicate considerable uncertainty, indicating the complexity of spatial variability (Lin et al., 2001; Tartakovsky, 2013). Geostatistical simulation techniques can solve the smoothing effects of kriging (Ramazi and Jalali, 2015; Jalali et al., 2019). Keywords: dam; dam site; data; distribution; estimate; estimation; et al; features; fracture; geostatistics; groundwater; hydraulic; kriging; leakage; permeability; rock; simulation; site; values; variogram; wpt
• Multivariable Regression 3D Failure Criteria for In-Situ Rock by Mahetaji, Mohatsim; Brahma, Jwngsar; Kumar Vij, Rakesh (2023) - Furthermore, failure criteria are introduced after considering the effect of intermediate principal stress, such as the Drucker and Prager criterion (Drucker and Prager, 1952) and the Lade criterion (Kim and Lade, 1984). Other rock triaxial testing data also validate failure criterion based on the experiment data by Haimson and Chang (2000), Chang and Haimson (2000), Takahashi and Koide (1989), and Xiaodong and Haimson (2016). Keywords: coulomb; criteria; criterion; data; failure; failure criterion; linear; mogi; mpa; principal; regression; rmse; rock; stress; triaxial
• Study on the structure and strata behavior regularity of repeated mining overburden of close-distance shallow buried coal seam group by Shang, Tielin; Wang, Rui; Wang, Jindong; Zhang, Pei (2024) - In the initial stage of coal seam mining under the SBCS group, due to the formation of a “large structure” of the strata failure of the upper first coal seam, the stress of the roof overburden in the goaf is not fully transmitted to the interlayer rock layer, and the interlayer rock layer has a specific thickness and strength, and the initial stress limit collapse step L is larger, and the initial mining stress step is larger than that of the upper one, and the mine stress is not violent. Structural regularity of the fourth cycle of coal mining to strata failure 3. Keywords: coal; coal mining; coal seam; coal working; interface; mining; regularity; rock; strata; stress; working; working interface
• Evidence of fluid boiling for the Li-Rb-F-W rich vein rocks of Degana, Rajasthan, NW India by Sundarrajan, Vijay Anand; Ramaya, Nisha Devi (2025) - Understanding the metallogenesis by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry), ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), and SHRIMP (Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe) have been used significantly (Li et al., 2023; Xu et al., 2023). The fluid process may vary due to mineralization style, wallrock interaction, except for simple cooling process (lack of fluid-wallrock interaction) (Heinrich, 1990, Heinrich et al., 2004; Xie et al., 2019; Li et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021; Li et al., 2021). Keywords: core; degana; et al; fluid; inclusions; india; melting; rajasthan; rewat; rock; temperature; type; vein; wall
• Thermal modeling of pluton emplacement and associated contact metamorphism:Parashi stock emplacement in the Serranía de Jarara (Alta Guajira, Colombia) by Martínez, Lina Fernanda; Zuluaga C., Carlos A. (2010) - Cartografía e historia geológica de la Alta Guajira, implicaciones en la búsqueda de recursos minerales, acuerdo Geología de la parte sureste de la Península de La Guajira. Keywords: contact; country; emplacement; guajira; hornblende; jarara; parashi; plagioclase; pluton; rock; stock; temperature; years
• ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATE DEPOSIT “DISTURBANCES” USING THE HORIZONTAL-GRADIENT RESPONSES OF RESISTIVITY DATA (OULAD ABDOUN, MOROCCO) by Bakkali, Saad (2005) - High values of apparent resistivity were encountered due to the presence of near-vertical faulting between areas of contrasting resistivity, and fault zones which may contain more or less highly conducting fault gouge. A map of apparent resistivity anomalies of the area of study. Keywords: deposit; depth; disturbances; figure; gradient; horizontal; map; phosphate; resistivity; rock
• Tunnelling in urban areas by EPB machines: technical evaluation of the system by Cardu, Marilena; Oreste, Pierpaolo (2011) - When ç and instantaneous progression speed are known, a machine’s daily (24 hours) progression can be calculated as: v T v day total inst� � � �� 3 6. (13) where vday is daily advance rate (m/d), Ttotal is total working time (hours/day) and vinst is the net advance rate (mm/s). The evaluation was made by calculating excavation specific energies (during different excavation phases) to find a satisfactory correlation with the type of ground crossed. Keywords: energy; epb; excavation; figure; machine; progression; rock; rotation; speed; time; torque; total; tunnel; � �
• Tunnelling in urban areas by EPB machines: technical evaluation of the system by Cardu, Marilena; Oreste, Pierpaolo (2011) - When ç and instantaneous progression speed are known, a machine’s daily (24 hours) progression can be calculated as: v T v day total inst� � � �� 3 6. (13) where vday is daily advance rate (m/d), Ttotal is total working time (hours/day) and vinst is the net advance rate (mm/s). The evaluation was made by calculating excavation specific energies (during different excavation phases) to find a satisfactory correlation with the type of ground crossed. Keywords: energy; epb; excavation; figure; machine; progression; rock; rotation; speed; time; torque; total; tunnel; � �
• Investigation of the geochemical signatures and conditions of formation of metacarbonate rocks occurring within the Mamfe embayment of south-eastern Nigeria by Ephraim, Bassey Edem (2012) - These values are considered to fall within acceptable limits for carbonate rocks that are well-preserved and unaffected by post-depositional alteration (Derry et al., 1992; Kaufman et al., 1992, 1993; Kaufman and Knoll, 1995). the low Al2O3 concentration measured in Nsofang rock is interpreted as being indicative of a low energy environment. Keywords: al2o3; cameroon; cao; concentration; data; dolomite; earth; eastern; elements; embayment; figure; log; mamfe; metacarbonate; metacarbonate rocks; mgo; nigeria; nsofang; ppm; rock; sample; table; trace
• Caving Depth Classification by Feature Extraction in Cuttings Images by Galvis, Laura Viviana; Corzo Rueda, Reinel; Arguello, Henry (2014) - To date, depth estimation based on caving rock images has not been treated in the literature. Rock images. Keywords: caving; classes; classification; depth; features; figure; gabor; images; matrix; performance; rock; set; training
• Assessment of a Modified Rock Mass Classification System for Rock Slope Stability Analysis in the Q-system by Fereidooni, Davood; Khanlari, Gholam Reza; Heidari, Mojtaba (2015) - Therefore, in this study, it was used with RMR and SMR rock mass classification systems to assess stability or instability of different rock slopes along the Hamedan-Ganjnameh-Tuyserkan road, Hamedan province west of Iran. Many researchers have proposed or used rock mass classification systems as an experimental method to assess rock mass quality or rock slope stability (e.g. Bieniawski 1973; Barton 1974; Selby 1980; Haines and Terbrugge 1991; Hack et al. 2003; Liu and Chen 2007; Pantelidis 2010; Hajiazizi and Khatami 2013). Keywords: classification; engineering; mass; parameters; rmr; rock; slopes; smr; stability; system
• Assessing the weathering of granitic stones on historical urban buildings by geochemical indices by Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jorge; Alves, Carlos; Vidal Romani, Juan Ramón (2016) - The aim of this work is to discuss the use of weathering indices in the study of weathering rates on granitic stones applied in four historical buildings of an urban area. J. Vol. 20, No. 3 ( September, 2016 ) : F1- F13 ABSTRACT RESUMEN Keywords: Weathering indices, weathering rates, urban environment, granitic rocks, historical buildings Palabras clave: índices de meteorización, tasas de meteorización, ambientes urbanos, rocas graníticas, edificios históricos. Keywords: alves; buildings; chemical; correlation; elements; environment; façades; indices; quarry; rock; samples; sanjurjo; sánchez; weathering; weathering indices
• Classification of cut slopes in weathered meta-sedimentary bedrocks by Nkpadobi, Johnbosco Ikenna; Raj, John Kuna; Ng, Tham Fatt (2016) - Rock slope engineering. The advantage of rock mass classification using RMR is that it incorporates geological, geometric and engineering parameters in arriving at a quantitative value of the rock mass quality. Keywords: classification; cut; engineering; joint; mass; mica; quality; rmr; rock; schist; slopes; strength; table
• The Relationship between Mechanical Properties and Gradual Deterioration of Microstructures of Rock Mass Subject to Freeze-thaw Cycles by Jiang, Haibo (2018) - For rock samples saturated by vacuum, 40 freeze-thaw cycles lead to a decrease of 36.86% (equivalent to 58.2 MPa) in rock strength and a drop of 44.85% (equivalent to 2.83 GPa) in elasticity modulus. With the objective to incorporate freeze-thaw cycle experiment into headrace tunnel engineering, in the present study two groups of andesite rock samples in different states are tested under the conditions of the lowest freezing temperature of –40 ºC and the thawing temperature of 20 ºC. Damage detection was performed by magnetic resonance imaging for the interior microstructure of rock samples subject to different freeze-thaw cycles, and the relationship between the sample mechanical properties and gradual deterioration of rock microstructures was discussed. Keywords: cycles; damage; deterioration; freeze; freezing; mass; rock; samples; strength; thaw; thaw cycles
• Determination of Distance Required to Ensure Stope and Footwall-drift Non-interaction Zone based on Geological Strength Index by Ozdogan, Mehmet Volkan; Gonen, Alper (2019) - Displacements around footwall drifts for various GSI values and various stope distances GSI Distance between Stope and Footwall Drift (m) Upper Drift (m) Bottom Drift (m) Left Wall ABSTRACT Keywords: Footwall drift, numerical analysis, underground stability. Keywords: displacements; distance; drift; footwall; gsi; interaction; rock; stope; strength; zone
• Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics and Instability Law of Inverse Fault under the Influence of Mining by Li, Yuanhui; Zhou, Rui (2018) - It is concluded that the fault zone stability was high, with increasing distances between the working face and fault zone. (3) Based on actual site conditions, rock burst was more likely to occur in the lanes approaching the fault zone, indicating that the spacing between the working surface and fault zone was an important factor affecting the occurrence of rock burst. Keywords: coal; distance; face; fault; fault zone; mining; rock; shear; stress; surface; working
• Study on Fatigue Life of Fractured Rock Under Constant Amplitude Cyclic Loading by Li, Run; Jian, Wenbin; Kang, Rongtao (2018) - S f 1 represents the normalized value of rock fatigue limit, and it is obtained according to the ratio between the fatigue limit and the static strength of rock. Under the same conditions, the specimen had a shorter fatigue life when being applied by higher upper limit stress; the rock of different types and strengths not only had different fatigue life, but also had the different sensitive degrees between the fatigue life and the upper limit stress; the fatigue life of specimens was significantly influenced due to different initial damages. Keywords: curve; fatigue; fatigue life; life; limit; loading; rock; specimens; stress; test
• Unconsolidated fault vertical sealing ability evaluation method and its application during Stationary phase by Sun, Ning; Fu, Guang; Liu, lili; Wu, Jingfeng (2019) - By measuring the depth of solid buried rock and mud content in fault rock, this paper uses the empirical relationship between measured displacement pressure of surrounding rock and compacted burial depth and mud content to determine the displacement pressure and calculate the displacement pressure. This paper compares the relative magnitude of the displacement pressure of fault rock and the displacement pressure of the rock in the bottom reservoir, and studies the vertical closed oil and gas in the fault. Keywords: displacement; fault; filling; fracture; gas; oil; pressure; rock; sealing; vertical
• Coal Seam Roof: Lithology and Influence on the Enrichment of Coalbed Methane by He, Yunlan; Wang, Xikai; Sun, Hongjie; Xing, Zhenguo; Chong, Shan; Xu, Dongjing; Feng, Feisheng (2019) - DOI: https://doi. org/10.15446/esrj.v23n4.84394 To identify the lithology of coal seam roof and explore the influence of these roofs on the enrichment of coalbed methane, low-frequency rock petrophysics experiments, seismic analyses and gas-bearing trend analyses were performed. Thus, highly compact areas of coal seam roof are favorable for the formation and preservation of coalbed methane. Keywords: coal; gas; impedance; methane; rock; roof; sandstone; seam; velocity; wave
• Complex Failure Simulation of Underinclined Shale Slope Based on Discrete Element Method by Li, Bin; Huang, Da (2020) - Validation of a distinct element model for toppling rock slopes. Simple methods to analyze buckling of rock slopes. Keywords: buckling; deformation; dip; failure; figure; mass; point; rock; shale; slope; stage; toppling
• Geological evolution process, mechanism, and application of protective layer in semi-coal and rock face by Xie, Xiaoping ; Fang, Xinqiu ; Liang, Minfu ; Ai, Dechun (2021) - Keywords: Semi-coal rock; Geological Evolution; Non-coal pillar; Distressed blind-zone; Gas extraction. J. Vol. 24, No. 4 (December, 2020): 499-506 Xiaoping Xie1,2, Xinqiu Fang1*, Minfu Liang1,3, Dechun Ai2 1State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 2College of Mining and Civil Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China 3School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China” *Corresponding author: 264580414@qq.com M IN IN G E NG IN EE RI NG 500 Xiaoping Xie, Xinqiu Fang, Minfu Liang, Dechun Ai Introduction When the roadway excavation section has both rock and coal seam, and when the coal seam occupies 1/5 to 4/5 of the area of the excavation face, it is called semi-coal-rock mining working seam, which generally exists in thin coal seam conditions. Keywords: coal; coal seam; deformation; face; layer; mining; pillar; pressure; roadway; rock; seam; semi; stress; width; working

• Magnetic Petrology applied to the characterization of Pegmatite Dykes in Eastern Colombia by Charry, Carlos José; Molano, Juan Carlos; Santacruz, Leonardo; Sepulveda, Janeth (2023) - Quantitative results of magnetites in host rock samples. Quantitative results of ilmenites in host rock samples. Keywords: colombia; feo; figure; hematite; host; hydrothermal; ilmenite; magnetite; oxides; pegmatite; quartz; rocks; samples; susceptibility; type; values; veins
• Genesis and Evolution of Pegmatites in Eastern Colombia: Insights from Mineral Chemistry by Mora-Galindo, Estefany Andrea; Molano Mendoza, Juan Carlos; Morales Peña, Milton Julián (2023) - However, rock samples were collected within an area of 198 Km2 (Guerrero et al., 2017), between the Tabaquén and Macanal indigenous communities along the Guainía River (Fig. 3). This motivated a research agreement between the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and the Servicio Geológico Colombiano (Colombian geological service) where granitic and pegmatitic samples were collected in the eastern border of the Guainía Department, in the surroundings of San Jose, Macanal, and Tabaquén (Guerrero et al., 2017; Morales et al., 2017; Zarate et al., 2017). Keywords: apatite; biotite; colombia; crystals; degree; et al; fig; figure; fractionation; garnet; granitic; microcline; minerals; muscovite; pegmatites; rocks; samples; tourmaline
• A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia by Rodríguez-Ramos, Bibiana P.; Molano Mendoza, Juan Carlos; Dorado, Camilo E. (2024) - Due to the small size of the fluid inclusions in Ginebra gold mineralization, was difficult to run the spectroscopic analysis. Fluid inclusion petrography was performed using the principles given by Roedder (1984) and based on the concept of Fluid Inclusion Assemblage (FIA), which brings together a group of fluid inclusions trapped at the same time (Goldstein, 2003). Keywords: age; co2; colombia; deposits; district; et al; fia; figure; fluid; galena; ginebra; ginebra gold; gold; gold district; hydrothermal; inclusions; pyrite; quartz; sericite; temperature
• Procumbent anterior premaxillary teeth in Stenorhynchosaurus munozi (Plesiosauria, Pliosauridae), evidence from new material by Páramo, María Eurídice; Benavides-Cabra, Cristian David; Palma-Castro, Héctor Daniel; Castañeda-Gómez, Antonio José (2023) - La presencia de este rasgo resalta la estrecha relación de S. munozi con otros brachauqueninos del Cretácico Inferior de Rusia derivados tempranamente. The presence of anterior procumbent teeth in the premaxilla of the Barremian taxon S. munozi from Colombia has significant implications in the temporal distribution of this trait in the history of long-snouted brachauchenines. Keywords: alveolus; anterior; colombia; cretaceous; et al; fig; fonseca; munozi; premaxillary; páramo; specimen; stenorhynchosaurus; teeth
• Stratigraphic distribution of marine vertebrates of the arcillolitas abigarradas member (Paja Formation) from the Villa de Leiva – Sáchica - Sutamarchán region, Boyacá, Colombia by Benavides-Cabra, Cristian David; Páramo-Fonseca, María Eurídice; Palma-Castro, Héctor Daniel; Narváez-Rincón, José Alejandro; Ramos-Clavijo, Maria Paula (2023) - Stratigraphic sections from Villa de Leiva LA CABRERA SECTION Introduction In the localities of Villa de Leiva, Sáchica, and Sutamarchán, abundant marine vertebrate fossils have been found, all of which come from the Arcillolitas abigarradas Member of the Paja Formation of Barremian-Aptian in age (Cadena, 2015; Cadena and Parham, 2015; Cadena et al., 2019; Carrillo- Briceño et al., 2019; Cortés and Páramo-Fonseca, 2018; Cortés et al., 2019; 2021; Gómez-Pérez and Noè, 2017; Maxwell et al., 2016; 2019; Noè and Gómez-Pérez, 2022; Páramo-Fonseca, 2015; Páramo-Fonseca et al., 2016; 2018; 2019a; 2019b; 2021; 2023; Schultze and Stöhr, 1996), This material includes mainly marine reptiles (plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, turtles, and a crocodylomorph) and some fishes. Keywords: 1968a; abigarradas; ammonoids; aptian; arcillolitas; barremian; colombia; concretions; data; etayo; fcg; fig; fonseca; layers; leiva; member; meters; provenance; páramo; section; segment; serna; specimen; villa
• A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus by Páramo Fonseca, María Eurídice; Benavides Cabra, Cristian David; Garavito Camacho, Renzo (2024) - Pa- laeontology, 58(2), 379-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12142 Benavides-Cabra, C. D., Páramo-Fonseca, M. E., Palma-Castro, H. D., Nar- váez-Rincón, J. A., & Ramos-Clavijo, M. P. (2023). Kolb, C., & Sander, P. M. (2009). Keywords: anterior; basioccipital; colombia; cretaceous; dorsal; end; et al; facet; fcg; fig; fischer; fonseca; forelimb; genus; journal; kear; length; margin; maxilla; maxwell; p. australis; p. elsuntuoso; p. sachicarum; platypterygius; posterior; process; páramo; region; skull; species; species p.; specimen; teeth; ventral; view
• Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia by Páramo Fonseca, María Eurídice; Narváez Rincón, José Alejandro; Benavides-Cabra, Cristian David (2025) - In this contribution, we provide a detailed morpho-anatomical description of the specimen, we identified it as a new genus and species of Plioplatecarpinae (sensu Polcyn et al., 2023), and included it to a phylogenetic context of mosasauroids. 4. Systematic Paleontology REPTILIA Linnaeus, 1758 SQUAMATA Oppel, 1811 MOSASAURIDAE Gervais, 1853 PLIOPLATECARPINAE Dollo, 1884 (sensu Polcyn et al., 2023) Oneirosaurus gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FFEC38C0-51F7-499E-A1DE- 0CFC2962F7A0 Type and only species: Oneirosaurus caballeroi, sp. Keywords: anterior; caballeroi; caldwell; colombia; columbianus; dorsal; end; et al; fig; fonseca; frontal; igmp879524; medial; mosasaur; nov; oneirosaurus; parietal; plioplatecarpinae; polcyn; posterior; process; páramo; quadrate; right; specimen; surface; teeth; view; yaguarasaurus
• INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL OVER NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN REGION by Pabón, J.D.; Dorado, J. (2008) - Country 1 Montego Bay 18,50 –77,91 1 Jamaica 2 3 Las Américas Aeropuerto San Juan Intl 18,43 18,41 –69,66 –66,00 18 19 Dominican Rep. Puerto Rico 4 5 Barahona Kingston 18,20 17,93 –71,10 –76,78 3 3 Dominican Rep. Jamaica 6 Aeropuerto El Embrujo 13,37 –81,35 1 Colombia 7 Aeropuerto Sesquicentenario 12,58 –81,72 1 Colombia 8 Aeropuerto Queen Beatrix 12,50 –70,01 18 Aruba 9 10 Aeropuerto Hato Aeropuerto Flamingo 12,20 12,15 –68,96 –68,28 9 6 Netherl Antills Netherl Antills 11 12 Manaure Coro 11,77 11,41 –72,45 –69,66 1 16 Colombia Venezuela 13 14 Matitas Esc Agr Carraipia 11,25 11,22 –73,05 –72,37 20 118 Colombia Colombia 15 Apto. Country 35 El Cucharo 6,87 –73,37 975 Colombia 36 Tulio Ospina 6,53 –75,92 1438 Colombia 37 Aeropuerto Olaya Herrera 6,37 –75,97 1490 Colombia 38 Panamericana 6,22 –77,40 4 Colombia 39 Aeropuerto Puerto Carreño 6,18 –67,48 50 Colombia 40 41 Tuparros Boca Torno Surbata Bonza 6,05 5,82 –67,52 –73,07 250 2485 Colombia Colombia 42 43 U.P.T.C. Isla del Santuario 5,57 5,47 –73,22 –73,73 2690 2580 Colombia Colombia 44 Aeropuerto Matecaña 5,37 –77,08 53 Colombia 45 Aeropuerto El Carano 5,12 –77,08 53 Colombia 46 La Camelia 5,08 –76,45 1670 Colombia 47 48 Aeropuerto La Nubia Aeropuerto El Edén 5,03 4,78 –75,47 –76,28 20,80 1204 Colombia Colombia 49 50 Tibaitatá Las Gaviotas 4,70 4,55 –74,22 –70,93 2543 171 Colombia Colombia 51 52 Centro Ad. Keywords: aeropuerto; america; caribbean; climate; colombia; days; dpi; isv; julian; oscillation; period; precipitation; rainfall; region; south; variability
• GEOMETRIC MODEL OF THE NAZCA PLATE SUBDUCTION IN SOUTHWEST COLOMBIA by Pedraza Garcia, Patricia; Vargas, Carlos Alberto; Monsalve J, Hugo (2007) - RESUMEN Se propone un modelo geométrico de la subducción de la placa Nazca bajo la placa suramericana en el suroeste de Colombia, basado en la relocalización de hipocentros de sismos locales y telesismos. Sismotectónica de Colombia: deformación continental activa y subducción. Keywords: colombia; depth; dip; ecuador; figure; nazca; plate; segment; subduction; trench; zone
• NEW GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE SECTION IBAGUÉ – ARMENIA, CENTRAL CORDILLERA - COLOMBIA by Vargas, Carlos A.; Kammer, Andreas; Valdes, Mireya; Rodríguez, Carlos E.; Caneva, Alexander; Sánchez, Jhon J.; Arias, Eliana; Cortes, Carlos A.; Mora, Héctor (2005) - CARLOSVARGASET AL.indd 99 NEW GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE SECTION IBAGUÉ – ARMENIA, CENTRAL CORDILLERA - COLOMBIA Carlos A. Vargas1, Andreas Kammer1, Mireya Valdes2, Carlos E. Rodríguez1, Alexander Caneva3, Jhon J. Sánchez4, Eliana Arias5, Carlos A. Cortes6, Héctor Mora4 1 Departamento de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Bogotá , Colombia Email: cavargasj@unal.edu.co 2 Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo –ICP, Bucaramanga, Colombia 3 Universidad Antonio Nariño, Dirección Nacional de Investigaciones, Bogotá, Colombia 4 Red Sismológica Nacional de Colombia, INGEOMINAS, Bogotá, Colombia 5 Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology – IRIS, Washington DC, USA 6 Universidad de Manizales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Manizales -Colombia RESUMEN Ha sido interpretada la sección geológica entre las ciudades de Ibagué y Armenia basada en observaciones geofísicas y estructurales en busca de establecer el estilo estructural dominante y la configuración del basamento en profundidad. Thanks to professors L. H. Ochoa, L. Castillo, L.A. Montes and L.A Ordoñez and their students of the gradu- ate programs of Geophysics and Geotechnics and the undergraduate programs of Geology and Civil Engineering of Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Keywords: armenia; cajamarca; carlos; central; colombia; complex; cordillera; fault; figure; ibagué; rocks; section
• THE PAIPA VOLCANO, EASTERN CORDILLERA OF COLOMBIA, SOUTH AMERICA (PART II): PETROGRAPHY AND MAJOR ELEMENTS PETROLOGY by Pardo Villaveces, Natalia; Jaramillo, José María; Cepeda, Héctor (2005) - En correlación con datos publicados sobre las rocas volcánicas de Iza, la geoquímica de elementos mayors de las rocas volcánicas de Paipa indican que los magmas alcalinos y ácidos que hicieron erupción en la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia durante el Neógeno son distintos a los magmas calcoalcalinos que hacen actualmente erupción en el arco activo de la Cordillera Central de Colombia. Figure 7. A. TAS chemical composition of Paipa volcano rocks. Keywords: anorthoclase; cepeda; colombia; cordillera; crystals; figure; flow; fragments; paipa; pardo; pumice; rocks; unit; villaveces; volcano
• USING THE FRACTAL DIMENSION OF EARTHQUAKE DISTRIBUTIONS AND THE SLOPE OF THE RECURRENCE CURVE TO FORECAST EARTHQUAKES IN COLOMBIA by Caneva, Alexander; Smirnov, Vladimir (2004) - This difference describes the deviation of the geophysical medium from a “stable” state for intervals of time in which strong earthquakes occur. The symbol indicates strongest earthquakes. Keywords: colombia; earthquakes; events; fractal; recurrence; region; seismicity; time; value
• TEMPORAL VARIATION OF CODA-Q AT GALERAS VOLCANO, COLOMBIA by Moncayo, Édgar; Vargas, Carlos; Durán, Juan (2004) - The temporal variations of Q -1 value obtained by the SBS model show clear tendencies that follow the changes in volcanic activity. Changes in Q -1 values before and after some eruptions. Keywords: changes; coda; colombia; eruption; galeras; volcano
• Ti-clinohumite in the Ciénaga skarn-type mineralogy, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Massif (Colombia): Occurrence and petrologic significance by Ríos, Carlos Alberto; Castellanos, Óscar Mauricio; Chacón, Carlos Alberto (2015) - The process in which the fluid composition evolved in response to mineral reactions is called buffering. In this study, we report and discuss data concerning this unusual humite-group mineral at the Ciénaga skarn, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) massif, with the aim of characterize its occurrence and determine its petrologic significance. Keywords: calcite; ciénaga; clinochlore; clinohumite; colombia; diopside; dolomite; figure; fluid; forsterite; marbles; marta; mineral; mineralogy; occurrence; rocks; santa; sierra; skarn; wt%
• Hydrocarbon Production Scenarios in Colombia. Review of Field Sizes, Hydrocarbon Reserves and Expectations of Conventional and Unconventional Resources. by Beltrán Rivas, Julián Daniel; Vargas Jiménez, Carlos Alberto (2014) - J. Vol. 18, No. 1 (June, 2014): 77 - 83 ABSTRACT RESUMEN Key words: ultimately recoverable resources, oil production, gas production, production peak, oil reserves, gas reserves, decline rates. Regarding gas production, 88% of the gas delivered to the pipeline originates in large fields (Fig. 5), which indicates the strong production control exerted by large fields in Colombia. 0   100.000   200.000   300.000   400.000   19 90   19 95   20 00   20 05   20 10   M bb l   Daily  oil  produc/on  (1990  -­‐  2012)     Producción  Total   Super  Grande   Gigantes   79Hydrocarbon Production Scenarios in Colombia. Keywords: colombia; decline; fields; gas; hydrocarbon; oil; production; reserves; resources; scenarios
• Letter from editor by Vargas, Carlos A. (2014) - The event hosted case studies from some of the pioneers in Colombian development, using the latest reservoir data fiscal updates and global scale technology case studies, to evaluate real potential Colombia holds for unconventional development. The other two articles in seismology for this edition are based on improving accuracy and reliability of ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v18n2.49641 http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v18n2.49641 the first arrival times through Cross Correlation Technique, and in the characterization of seismic events using only one seismological station. Keywords: colombia; development; event
• A new large Pliosaurid from the Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of Sáchica, Boyacá, Colombia by Páramo-Fonseca, María Eurídice; Benavides-Cabra, Cristian David; Gutiérrez, Ingry Esmirna (2018) - Scale bar=500 mm. 227A new large Pliosaurid from the Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of Sáchica, Boyacá, Colombia et al., 2013; Benson and Druckenmiller, 2014; Páramo-Fonseca et al., 2016; Fischer et al., 2017), Peloneustes philarchus Seeley, 1869 (Andrews, 1913; Ketchum and Benson, 2011a) and Hauffiosaurus O’Keefe, 2001 (O’Keefe, 2001; Benson et al., 2011). al., 2012; Benson et al., 2013). Keywords: anterior; benson; boyacensis; cervical; colombia; cretaceous; dorsal; et al; figure; fischer; fonseca; length; mandibular; mp111209; pliosaurid; posterior; páramo; queenslandicus; specimen; teeth; vertebrae
• Characterization of hydrothermal events associated with the occurrence of copper-molybdenum minerals in the El Chucho creek at Cerrito, Valle del Cauca-Colombia by Barrera, Diana; Molano, Juan Carlos (2021) - Fluid inclusion types in quartz crystals at El Chucho creek. Computer programs for analysis of fluid inclusion data and for modelling bulk fluid properties. Keywords: alteration; buga; colombia; data; figure; fluid; inclusions; porphyritic; quartz; temperature; type; vol
• Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusions of the Cunas Emerald Mine, Maripí, Boyacá, Colombia by Romero Ordóñez, Fernando Helí; González-Durán, Andrés Felipe; García-Toloza, Javier; Rotlewicz Cohen, Jimmy; Cedeño Ochoa, Carlos Julio; Alvarado González, Holman Rolando; Angarita Sarmiento, Luis Gabriel (2021) - Cunas emeralds are iron-poor and fall in the range of reported values for Colombian emeralds (Figure 12). Fluid inclusions data are particularly similar to the reported range for Colombian emerald deposits (Banks et al., 2000; Cheilletz et al., 1994; Giuliani et al., 1990, 2000; Kozlowski et al., 1988; Mantilla et al., 2007; Ottaway, 1994; Romero, 1993, 1998; Toloza, 2017). Keywords: bd l; calcite; cedeño; co2; colombia; crystals; cunas; deposits; emerald; et al; figure; fluid; giuliani; giuliani et; gonzález; hydrothermal; inclusions; maripí; mineralization; muzo; romero; spectra; temperature; veins
• Ore-controlling structures and geostatistical determination of ore-shoots in shear zone hosted lode gold type deposits, El Bagre-Antioquia, Colombia by Naranjo Sierra, Edwin (2022) - This study evidences the use of a simple and effective tool for lode gold deposits exploration. Distribution, character, and genesis of gold deposits in meta- morphic terranes. Keywords: bagre; colombia; deposits; figure; gold; lode; mineralization; naranjo; ore; orebodies; shoots
• Modeling of the large Miocene epithermal and porphyry gold deposits of Colombia using Monte Carlo simulations by Velasquez Ruiz, Felipe; Martínez, Juan Camilo; Tobón Acevedo, Alejandra ; Yepes Metaute, Alejandra; Zapata, Angélica María; Cataño Salas, Diana Paulina (2022) - Modeling of the large Miocene epithermal and porphyry gold deposits of the Cauca Metallogenic Belt of Colombia using Monte Carlo simulations Felipe Velásquez Ruiz1,2*, Juan Camilo Martínez3, Alejandra Tobón Acevedo4, Alejandra Yepes Metaute5, Angélica María Zapata6, Diana Paulina Cataño Salas4 1Department of Geology, FCFM, University of Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile 2Millennium Nucleus for Metal Tracing Along Subduction, FCFM, University of Chile, Chile 3School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA 4School of Geosciences and Environment, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Colombia 5Group Digital, FLSmidth, PA, USA 6Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil *Corresponding author: fevelasquezru@unal.edu.co Keywords: Modeling; Monte Carlo simulations; Northern Andes; Miocene magmatism; Cauca Metallogenic Belt. In contrast, the hypothetical reservoirs for the lower and middle crust of the CMB, through a basaltic calc-alkaline magma flux between 0.0007 and 0.0011 km3/year, the efficiency of ~0.7%, and pressures below 5 kbar, showed sufficient available content of exsolvable H2O and gold to feed the reservoirs in the upper crust of the CMB or to generate gold deposits from them, but in longer time intervals (>1 Ma). Keywords: carlo; cauca; cmb; colombia; crust; deposits; endowments; et al; gold; km3; magma; miocene; monte; porphyry
• Electrical and magnetic data time series’ observations as an approach to identify the seismic activity of non-anthropic origin by Solano Fino, Juan Manuel; Caneva, Alexander; Vargas Jiménez, Carlos Alberto; Ochoa, Luis Hernán (2021) - Another method consists of the identification of Seismic Electric Signals (SES), and more recently, the natural time analysis, based on the correlation between the occurrence of seismic events and the SES with the Varotsos-Alexopoulos-Nomicos (VAN) method, which has shown partial success in short and medium-term forecasts (Varotsos et al., 2019; 2006; 1993) and analyzes after the occurrence of large seismic events (Sarlis et al., 2021; 2015). v25n3.95782 In this study, the authors worked on identifying a possible relationship between electromagnetic signals (EM) and seismic events in the lithospheric system in the central region of Colombia. Keywords: anomalies; colombia; data; days; earthquakes; events; field; figure; group; magnetic; ses; signals; station; tunj; usme; vcio

• Crustal displacement in Vietnam using CORS data during 2018 - 2021 by Tran Dinh, Trong; Nguyen, Dinh Huy; Vu, Ngoc Quang; Nguyen, Quoc long (2023) - The horizontal velocity field of TAST’s CORS network in ITRF2014 35Crustal displacement in Vietnam using CORS data during 2018 - 2021l This study’s velocity field was compared with previous studies, including determining the Earth’s crust displacement in Vietnam through repeated GPS measurements (D. T. Tran et al., 2013), continuous GPS data (Minh et al., 2014), and CORS stations (Nguyen et al., 2021; D. T. Tran et al., 2021). In the tropospheric study, based on the relationship between the troposphere and the delay of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals received by CORS stations, CORS station data is one of the very few reliable tools for providing continuous and precise condition about atmospheric information (Yang et al., 2020), this information is used to derive values for local atmospheric variables, which aids in weather prediction and weather monitoring (Yuan et al., 2012). Keywords: coordinates; cors; cors stations; crustal; data; displacement; earth; gnss; network; position; ppp; processing; series; stations; time; velocity; vietnam
• An overview of the connection between Earth’s climate evolution and mass extinction events by Montero-Martínez, Martín José; Andrade-Velázquez, Mercedes (2023) - However, the effect that global climate change has had on both the evolution and dispersal of organisms is undeniable and clear examples can be observed at shorter time scales (Frakes et al., 1992). v26n4.103152 ABSTRACT: Authors present a brief review of the potential role of climate change on mass extinction events throughout the history of the Earth. Keywords: change; climate; earth; et al; evolution; extinction; global; ipcc; mass; time; warming; years
• Climatic temperature indices for the coastal resilience observatory in Tabasco (Dos Bocas)‒LANRESC by Andrade-Velázquez, Mercedes; Montero-Martínez, Martín José; Vargas Magaña, María Fernanda (2024) - This study focused on calculating climate change indices derived from maximum and minimum temperature variables for the Coastal Resilience Observatory in Tabasco, Dos Bocas, located in Paraíso, Tabasco, Mexico. = β +1 2 , β 2 + β +2 2( ) 2 , (6) Sen’s slope method was employed to evaluate the extent of change in climate change indices. Keywords: blank; change; climate; climate change; correlation; days; degrees_c; indices; martínez; mexico; montero; series; tabasco; temperature; time; trend
• SIMULATION OF NEAR-SURFACE LAYER OF THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC OCEAN by Karlin, Lev; Villegas, Nancy (2005) - Mixed layer thickness with night convection regime is deepened (in average) in 15 m, with Tw change from 27,3 to 26.9°C. NSL characteristics evolution of CPO Station 111: night convection and sunny and weak wind weather regimes Simulation results of sunny and weak wind weather regimes, have a high differences from others regimes and preserve natural data behavior. Keywords: hours; layer; nsl; station; thickness; time; wind
• UNEXPECTED RESPONSE OF MT. WRANGELL VOLCANO, ALASKA, TO THE SHAKING FROM A LARGE REGIONAL EARTHQUAKE: A PUZZLE FOR INTERMEDIATE-TERM EARTHQUAKE-VOLCANOES INTERACTIONS by Sánchez, John J.; McNutt, Stephen R. (2004) - 43 some step-wise changes in earthquake rates at the volcano. We investigated the sensitivity of the z values versus time curve to the presence of abrupt changes in seismicity rates by computing the z values of several synthetic data sets with varying amounts of change (decreases) in the number of earthquakes per unit time. Keywords: change; data; decrease; dfe; earthquakes; figure; rates; seismicity; time; values; wrangell; z values
• Thin-layer detection using spectral inversion and a genetic algorithm by Castaño, Kelyn Paola; Ojeda, Germán; Montes, Luis (2011) - Spectral inversion Due to the Widess model occurring in nature as the exception not the rule, spectral inversion is based on the fact that an impulse pair of reflec- tors can be decomposed in odd and even parts (Castagna, 2004; Chopra et al., 2006). Lower than seismic resolution sand and shale packages can be re- solved through spectral inversion and correlating them with stratigraphic information derived from well logs. Keywords: barco; data; figure; inversion; layer; resolution; seismic; thickness; time
• Thin-layer detection using spectral inversion and a genetic algorithm by Castaño, Kelyn Paola; Ojeda, Germán; Montes, Luis (2011) - Spectral inversion Due to the Widess model occurring in nature as the exception not the rule, spectral inversion is based on the fact that an impulse pair of reflec- tors can be decomposed in odd and even parts (Castagna, 2004; Chopra et al., 2006). Lower than seismic resolution sand and shale packages can be re- solved through spectral inversion and correlating them with stratigraphic information derived from well logs. Keywords: barco; data; figure; inversion; layer; resolution; seismic; thickness; time
• Detecting low frequency cycles in rainfall series from Colombian coffee-growing area by using descriptive methods by Peña Q, Andrés J; Jaramillo R., Álvaro; Paternina Q., María J (2011) - Moving averages for annual rainfall time series. The purpose of this paper was therefore to assess rainfall time series at five locations having an annual dataset going back more than 46 years in the Colombian coffee-growing area (a rain-fed crop system) to detect other cycles, apart from ENSO, which could be used as predictable patterns for annual rainfall forecasting. Keywords: cycles; figure; rainfall; series; time; year
• Thin-layer detection using spectral inversion and a genetic algorithm by Castaño, Kelyn Paola; Ojeda, Germán; Montes, Luis (2011) - Spectral inversion Due to the Widess model occurring in nature as the exception not the rule, spectral inversion is based on the fact that an impulse pair of reflec- tors can be decomposed in odd and even parts (Castagna, 2004; Chopra et al., 2006). Lower than seismic resolution sand and shale packages can be re- solved through spectral inversion and correlating them with stratigraphic information derived from well logs. Keywords: barco; data; figure; inversion; layer; resolution; seismic; thickness; time
• Interval velocity determination by downward continuation of the traveltime function: Paraxial ray approximation by Montes Vides, Luis (2001) - Vlm/s ] Erro[m/s] Erro[m/s] 0 0 0 0 200 200 200 200 400 400 400 400 GOO GOO GOO GOO 800 800 L- 800 LJ 800 K 1000 000 E 000 K 000O£ O£ N N N N '1200 200 200 200 1400 400 ) 400 400 11 GOO GOO 600 600 1800 800 800 800 2000 000 000 000 0 5000 0 5000 0 50 0 50 Figure 6. In a system with N layers the propa- gator matrix is written as the product of the N individual propagator matrices of each piece: B ]k~N-l[A B]_N II -] -] D . Keywords: central; interface; interval; layer; ray; surface; time; travel
• Detecting Ionospheric Precursors of a Deep Earthquake (378.8 km) on 7 July 2013, M w=7.2, in Papua New Guinea under a Geomagnetic Storm: Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis by Lin, Jyh-Woei (2013) - TEC data were examined to detect TEC precursors, while GIMs were only used to observe the TEC situation. Acknowledgements The author is grateful to the NASA Global Differential GPS system (GDGPS) for its useful references and TEC data and to the memory of his own life in Germany as a student from 1996-2000. Keywords: 2dpca; anomalies; component; data; earthquake; july; principal; tec; time
• Long-term prediction of wind speed in La Serena City (Chile) using hybrid neural network-particle swarm algorithm by Lazzús, Juan A; Salfate, Ignacio (2017) - There are various strategies for wind speed prediction that can be classified into two categories: (1) statistical methods that can be subdivided into numerical weather prediction (NWP) and persistence and (2) artificial intelligence techniques that have subdivisions such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and fuzzy logic (Monfared et al., 2009). Wang, J., Zhang, W., Wang, J., Han, T. and Kong, L. A novel hybrid approach for wind speed prediction. Keywords: algorithm; data; network; neural; prediction; series; shows; speed; term; time; values; wind
• Space-time assessing of the earthquake potential in recent years in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey by Ozturk, Serkan (2017) - Temporal changes in earthquake magnitudes with MD≥4.0 including 1155 events between 1970 and 2015. An application of the earthquake hazard and aftershock probability evaluation methods to Turkey earthquakes. Keywords: anatolia; earthquake; eastern; fault; figure; magnitude; quiescence; region; seismic; study; time; turkey; value; zone; öztürk
• Performance of Single Base RTK GNSS Method versus Network RTK by Aykut, Nedim Onur; Gülal, Engin; Akpinar, Burak (2015) - Coordinate differences (YLDZ single base RTK solution) ABSTRACT RESUMEN Keywords: RTK GNSS, CORS, Single Base RTK Palabras clave: Navegación Cinética Satelital en Tiempo Real, Sistema global de Navegación por Satélite, estaciones de referencia de funcionamiento continuo, base única RTK. Keywords: base; coordinates; cors; gnss; network; points; receiver; rtk; time; yldz
• Multi-fractal Behaviors of long term daily relative humidity and temperature observed over Benin synoptic stations (West Africa) by Agbazo, Medard Noukpo; Gabin, Koton'Gobi; Basile, Kounouhewa; Eric, Alamou; Abel, Afouda; Norbert, Hounkonnou (2019) - It can help understand the mechanisms governing the dynamics of temperature time series in Benin. Temperature time series exhibit long-range temporal correlation, which cannot be fully described by a single scaling exponent. Keywords: benin; et al; multifractal; series; spectrum; stations; temperature; time; time series
• A co-occurrence region based Bayesian network stepwise remote sensing image retrieval algorithm by Zeng, Rui; Wang, Yingyan; Wang, Wanliang (2018) - Sub-image is taken as the minimum unit to judge whether image regions are spatially connected, preventing segmented regions from being spatially unconnected (Tariq et al., 2017). By comprehensively considering significance and distance between image regions, integrated region matching allows one region to match multiple regions, thereby minimizing retrieval errors caused by inaccurate image segmentation (Yasin et al., 2017). Keywords: algorithm; bayesian; features; image; image retrieval; matching; region; retrieval; semantic; sensing; stepwise; time
• Fast estimation of earthquake arrival azimuth using a single seismological station and machine learning techniques by Ochoa Gutierrez, Luis Hernán; Vargas Jiménez, Carlos Alberto; Niño Vásquez, Luis Fernando (2019) - ABSTRACT Fast estimation of earthquake arrival azimuth using a single seismological station and machine learning techniques Estimación rápida del azimut de llegada de un terremoto utilizando registros de una sola estación sismológica Descriptors – Input data set of the SVM In the first stage, parameters that have been previously used by other authors to earthquake magnitude estimation were calculated and employed as input variables or descriptors for the SVM of this research. Keywords: arrival; azimuth; data; earthquake; estimation; magnitude; research; station; time
• Application of remote sensing technology in the analysis of periodic precipitation change in China’s Northern semi-arid area by Zhang, Yannan ; Liang, Chuan (2021) - Among them, the maximum peak corresponds to the time scale of 50a, indicating that the cycle oscillation of about 50a is the strongest, which is the first main cycle of precipitation change in four areas; The 20a time scale corresponds to the second peak, which is the second main cycle of annual precipitation change; The third peak corresponds to the time scale of 14a, which is the third main cycle; The fourth peak corresponds to the time scale of 37a, which is the fourth main cycle; The fifth peak corresponds to the time scale of 6a, which is the fifth main period. Lan Yongchao et al. studied the impact of climate change on the water resources system in the upper reaches of the Yellow River; Xu Yueqing et al. studied the law of precipitation change in Hebei Plain based on wavelet analysis; Lin Zhenyao et al. studied the temporal and spatial characteristics of temperature and precipitation change in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau; Dai Xingang et al. studied the multi-scale characteristics of precipitation in flood season and the inter-generational decay characteristics of summer monsoon in North China Levy. Keywords: 50a; arid; changchun; change; china; figure; harbin; oscillation; period; precipitation; precipitation change; term; time; wavelet; years
• Detection and study of a high magnitude seismic event from GPS data: Case study of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake by Cibeira Urtiaga, Ángel; Berrocoso, Manuel ; Rosado, Belén; Pazos, Antonio (2022) - While traditional methods use seismic data, GNSS data or a combination of both for studying seismic events (Melbourne, T. et al., 2002; Hsu,Y. et al., 2006; Ohta, Y. et al., 2012; Larson, K. M., P. Bodin, and J. Gomberg 2003; Ohta, Y. et al., 2008), we propose to focus on the combination of temporal and displacement values derived only from GPS data to evaluate the propagation of the earthquake instead of the mechanism process (Yakota, Y., et al., 2009). https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05576.x Zumberge, J. F., Heflin, M. B., Jefferson, D. C., Watkins, M. M., & Webb, F. H. (1997). Keywords: data; displacement; distance; earthquake; et al; event; geophysical; gps; japan; maximum; oki; research; seismic; series; stations; time; tohoku

• MESOZOIC MAGMATISM IN EAST URUGUAY: PETROLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS RELATED TO THE SIERRA SAN MIGUEL REGION by Muzio, Rossana; Peel, Elena; Morales, Ethel; Veroslavsky, Gerardo; Conti, Bruno (2009) - Lithic breccias and autoclastic breccias associ- ated with the felsic volcanics in Sierra San Miguel region. Geología de la Sierra de San Miguel, depar- tamento de Rocha (Uruguay). Keywords: dykes; et al; felsic; magmatism; mesozoic; miguel; muzio; region; rocks; samples; san; sierra; sub; uruguay
• MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO STUDY MIGMATITES: ORIGIN AND TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE NASON RIDGE MIGMATITIC GNEISS, WENATCHEE BLOCK, CASCADES CRYSTALLINE CORE, WA, USA by Zuluaga C., Carlos A.; Stowell, Harold H. (2008) - Nason Ridge Migmatitic Gneiss rocks show variable evidence for retrogression. The presence of selvages and thermody- namic model predictions suggest partial melting for the origin of discontinuous leucosome lenses present in Nason Ridge Migmatitic Gneiss lithologies. Keywords: biotite; cascades; core; figure; garnet; gneiss; leucosome; melting; migmatitic; n c; nason; nason ridge; plagioclase; quartz; ridge; rocks; schist; wenatchee
• Pressure-Temperature path of Arquía Group rocks (NW Colombia): a petrographic analysis from mineral assemblages by Valencia-Morales, Yuly Tatiana; Toro Toro, Luz Mary; Ruiz-Jiménez, Elvira Cristina; Moreno-Sánchez, Mario (2013) - Vol. 17, No. 2 (December, 2013): 141 - 149 Pressure-Temperature path of Arquía Group rocks (NW Colombia): a petrographic analysis from mineral assemblages Yuly Tatiana Valencia-Morales, Luz Mary Toro Toro, Elvira Cristina Ruiz-Jiménez, Mario Moreno-Sánchez Geological Sciences Department of Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 # 26-10, Manizales, Colombia. Pressure-Temperature path of Arquía Group rocks (NW Colombia): a petrographic analysis from mineral assemblages 144 + epidote group minerals + quartz + albite ± garnet (Figure 3c). Keywords: amphibolites; arquía; assemblages; epidote; facies; figure; garnet; group; hornblende; mineral; quartz; rocks; schists
• A New Empirical Relation between Surface Wave Magnitude and Rupture Length for Turkey Earthquakes by Ozturk, Serkan (2014) - In this study, it is investigated the usage of different regression methods as a theoretical, practical and correct estimation tool in order to obtain the best empirical relationship between surface wave magnitude and rupture length for Turkey earthquakes. In order to estimate the empirical relationships between these parameters for Turkey earthquakes, log- linear fit is used and following equations are derived from different norms: Keywords: data; dip; displacement; earthquake; epicenter; et al; fault; faulting; length; magnitude; mean; nalbant; north; regression; rocks; rupture; slip; surface; turkey
• Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China by Geng, Huiqing; Gu, Xuexiang; Zhang, Yongmei (2018) - The variable range of Co concentrations (51.3-264.0ppm) and Ni concentrations (68.9-258.0ppm) and Co: Ni ratio (0.31-1.90), together with relatively small Sr/Ba ratio in ore-bearing pyrites (0.11-0.50), supports a hydrothermal origin of mineralization at Gaosongshan gold deposit. Study of gold enriched mechanism of Gaosongshan epithermal gold deposit in Lesser Xingan Range, NE of China (in Chinese with English abstract). Keywords: bearing; china; chinese; deposit; elements; fig; gaosongshan; gold; ore; pyrite; quartz; ree; rocks; type; volcanic
• Petrography, microthermometry, and isotopy of the gold veins from Vetas, Santander (Colombia) by Rojas Barbosa, Sonia; Molano, Juan Carlos; Cramer, Thomas (2020) - Evaluación geológica y determinación de las reservas de oro y plata de la mina “La Botella”. Los isótopos estables, ∂18 O, ∂D y ∂34 S y el análisis de inclusiones de fluidos infieren que los fluidos fueron producto de una mezcla de fluidos meteóricos y magmáticos con baja salinidad y temperaturas de atrapamiento mínimas entre 200° C y 390° C. La asociación mineralogica y las inclusiones fluidas, en el primer evento, muestran características de un ambiente epitermal de baja sulfuración; el segundo evento más caliente presenta una firma magmática más prominente sobreimponiendo un sistema epitermal de intermedia sulfuración sobre el de baja sulfuración, con un poco más de salinidad en los fluidos y más diversidad mineralógica. Keywords: event; figure; fluid; gold; inclusions; mineralization; mineralizing; pyrite; quartz; rocks; santander; sericite; sphalerite; stage; temperature; veins; vetas
• Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Basic Paleogene Volcanic Rocks in Alamut Region by Nazari Sarem, Mehdi; Vosoghi Abedini, Mansour; Dabiri, Rahim; Ansari, Mohammad Reza (2021) - Geochemical analysis of volcanic rocks The results on the major elements of volcanic rocks in the Alamut region show that these rocks include a series of basic volcanic rocks. Volcanic Tertiary Alamut is part of magmatism in the central Alborz-west sequence of volcanic rocks (including basalt, trachyandesite, and basaltic andesite with alkaline geochemical properties, with porphyritic texture, pyroclastic rocks, and volcanic breccia) directly above the units belongs to the Karaj Formation (Middle Eocene age). Keywords: alamut; alborz; basalts; earth; elements; iran; magma; mantle; melting; region; rocks; volcanic
• Petrologic features of mesoproterozoic lamprophyric dykes from Montevideo (Piedra Alta terrane, South Uruguay) by Muzio, Rossana; Martino, Natalia; Peel, Elena (2021) - Estos diques presentan tendencias estructurales N75º-85º con buzamientos verticales a subverticales y recortan a unidades metamórficas Paleoproterozoicas de 2.1 Ga del cratón del Rio de la Plata. La estructura geológica de los alrededores de Montevideo. Keywords: alkaline; craton; dykes; et al; figure; lamprophyres; mantle; montevideo; petrology; plata; ppm; rocks; south; uruguay

• Experimental assessment of the liquefaction resistance of calcareous biogenous sands by Sandoval, Eimar; Pando, Miguel A (2012) - Calcite is the main component of calcareous sand (usually greater than 90% calcium carbonate content) Calcareous sands are unique in terms of particle characteristics, in- cluding mineralogy, shape, surface texture, high void ratio, and intra-po- rosity Calcareous sands have variable cementation, ranging from non-ce- mented to strongly-cemented state These sands are more crushable, more contractive, and less stiff than terrigenous silica sands due to their unique particle properties and carbonate content (Cataño & Pando, 2010) methodology The experimental programme used in this study primarily involved sand mineralogical and grain characterisation, characterising the CSL and consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial testing of specimens prepared using Cabo Rojo calcareous sands and Ottawa silica sands Thirty-nine consoli- dated undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed: 31 of them on Cabo Rojo calcareous sands and 8 on Ottawa silica sands Description of test sand materials used The calcareous sand being studied was collected from a beach in Puerto Real, Cabo Rojo, south-western Puerto Rico; it was retrieved from the near surface beach using an ordinary shovel and buckets This sand was unce- mented and classified as being white to yellow, fine- to medium-grained, poorly-graded, having sub-angular to angular grains and high internal po- Eimar A Sandoval and Miguel A Pando58 rosity (Figure 2 shows grain characteristics for this sand) For example, Table 1 shows that silica sand is coarser than calcareous sand and its specific gravity is lower Cabo Rojo calcareous grain characteristics Cabo Rojo calcareous sands are sedimentary carbonates for which diagenesis and resulting grain mineralogy are influenced by the depth and temperature of the water column (Morse & Mackenzie 1990, Chaney et al 1982, Morelock & Ramirez 2004) Carbonates are usually dominat- ed by aragonite in shallow waters, followed by magnesium-rich calcites, whereas in deep waters carbonates are composed of calcite having low magnesium content Parameter Cabo rojo calcareous Ottawa silica sand ASTM standard D10 (mm) 0.24 0.65 ASTM D422-463 D30 (mm) 0.30 0.71 D50 (mm) 0.37 0.75 D60 (mm) 0.41 0.78 Cu 1.75 2.1 Cc 0.94 1.1 Gs 2.84 2.65 ASTM D854 min (kN/m3) 9.10 14.6 ASTM D4254emax 2.07 0.78 max (kN/m3) 11.1 17.3 Alternative methodemin 1.51 0.50 Table 1. Keywords: cabo; cabo rojo; cyclic; dr =; figure; liquefaction; ottawa; pressure; rojo; samples; sands; silica; state; stress
• Influence of black shale composition on methane adsorption and gas content: Implications for gas storage in the Longmaxi black shales by Zhu, Haihua; Zhang, Tingshan; Lang, Jun; Zeng, Jianli; Liang, Xing; He, Yong; Wang, Gaocheng; Li, Junjun (2018) - In the shale samples from Well YS8,the preservation conditions and thermal evolution processes of organic matterare similar, thus enablingan evaluation ofthe influence of shale composition on shale gas content. 62 Haihua Zhu, Tingshan Zhang, Jun Lang, Jianli Zeng, Xing Liang, Yong He, Gaocheng Wang, Junjun Li Scatter plots of gas content versus shale composition are shown in Figure5. Shale gas content versus shale composition The scatter plots of TOC content versus gas content, and Langmuir adsorption capacity shows that when TOC is<2.0% the gas contents are higher than the Langmuir adsorption capacity of shale(Figure 6). Keywords: adsorption; capacity; ch4; content; gas; gas content; longmaxi; samples; shale; toc
• Impact of different standard lighting sources on red jadeite and color quality grading by Pan, Xin; Guo, Ying; Liu, Ziyuan; Zhang, Zikai; Shi, Yuxiang (2019) - The light color of D65 light source distributes more uniformly, allowing red color of jadeite more objective and more similar to that under sunlight, which is suitable for the jadeite evaluation. Spectrum of D65 light source, CWF light source and A light source The color temperature of A light source (2856K) is lower than that of D65 light source (6504K), and its energy in the long-wave red zone is obviously higher than that in the short-wave blue-purple zone with overall light color of yellowish as a whole. Keywords: color; cwf; d65; d65 light; difference; fancy; grading; guo; jadeite; light; light source; ranges; red; samples; source; standard
• Combining SEM and Mercury Intrusion Capillary Pressure in the characterization of pore-throat distribution in tight sandstone and its modification by diagenesis: A case study in the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China by Wang, Wei; Yu, Caili; Zhao, Le; Xu, Shuang; Gao, Lei (2020) - Pore throat characteristics of tight sandstone of Yanchang Formation in eastern Gansu, Ordos Basin. Pore size distribution derived by combining PCP and RCP results. Keywords: content; distribution; intrusion; mercury; pcp; pore; pressure; rcp; samples; sandstone; space; throat

• Role of Ocean-Atmosphere Interface in Annual and Semiannual SST Cycles in the Indian Ocean by de Oliveira Carvalho-Junior, Oldemar (2022) - The isotherms are mainly meridional along the western boundary, but zonal in the southern Indian Ocean. For most of the areas of the Bay of Bengal, as well as for most of the locations in the southern tropical Indian Ocean, the entered independent variables can explain SST. Keywords: component; current; data; figure; harmonic; indian; indian ocean; monsoon; ocean; sea; sst; surface; temperature; wind
• Monitoring Land Surface Temperature and Vegetation Dynamics in Response to Land Use Changes using Spatiotemporal Analysis in District Chiniot, Punjab Pakistan by Ahmad, Mirza Naseer; Syed, Naeem Ahmad; Parvaiz, Rehan Ahmad; Ahmed, Talal; Raza, Ain ur; Shafique, Jazba; Toheed, Nida; Naseer, Humaira (2025) - This study aims to investigate the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) patterns and changes in LULC due to urbanization in District Chiniot. The term “urban heat island” denotes widespread alterations in microclimates due to urbanization, with land surface temperature serving as an indicator of the severity of global warming (Yang et al., 2021). Keywords: areas; chiniot; cover; data; et al; land; land surface; lst; march; ndvi; study; surface; surface temperature; temperature; use; vegetation; year
• CSEM IMAGING OF THE NEAR SURFACE DYNAMICS AND ITS IMPACT FOR FOUNDATION STABILITY AT QUARTER 27, 15th OF MAY CITY, HELWAN, EGYPT by Atya, Magdy A.; Khachay, Olga A; Soliman, Mamdouh M.; Khachay, Oleg Yu; Khalil, Ahmed B.; Gaballah, Mahmoud; Shaaban, Fathy F.; El Hemali, Ibrahim A. (2010) - Esta zona constituye el centro de la debilidad del subsuelo, que a su vez, interactúacon el centro de peso de la construcción que ha llevado a colapsos catastróficos. Los objetivos de todo el proceso es validar la eficacia de la técnica para recoger los mínimos cambios del centro de la debilidad, y así, estudiar su relación con el centro de peso de construcciones cercanas, para recomendar un procedimiento que reduzca al mínimo la destrucción de los recursosen el sitio de la investigación. Keywords: center; city; data; electromagnetic; hachay; khz; profile; quarter; receiver; surface; transmitter
• THE MAXIMUM EFFECT OF DEEP LAKES ON TEMPERATURE PROFILES – DETERMINATION OF THE GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT by Balobaev, V. T.; Kutasov, I. M.; Eppelbaum, L. V. (2009) - For distances ñ > 0 from eq. (3) we obtain � � �* ( , ) ( )� � � � dT z dz T dM dzis ot � (11) or �� � �� � � �* ( )T T dM dzis ot (12) Introducing the reduced temperatures, TR(�, z) from eq. Then the values of ���ñ, z) can be determined from eqs. Keywords: borehole; climate; effect; geothermal; lake; profiles; surface; temperature; � �
• STACKING ON COMMON REFLECTION SURFACE WITH MULTIPARAMETER TRAVELTIME by Montes V., Luis A.; Cárdenas Contreras, Andrés (2006) - Model for an arbitrary reflector and CRS parameters 92 . This step is performed applying the move-out formula expressed in the multiparameter traveltime of the equation 1, providing a better ZO section of CRS parameters during the coherence analysis of the multiple shots and receivers data. Keywords: crs; data; figure; parameters; reflection; section; stacking; surface; traveltime
• Surfactant modified clays’ consistency limits and contact angles by Akbulut, S; Nese, Z; Arasan, S (2012) - a) Contact angle image of natural clay (35o); b) Contact angle image of TMG (10%) modified clay (14o); c) Contact angle image of QEFA (15%) modified clay (54o) Figure 10. Keywords: angle; anionic; cationic; clay; consistency; contact; figure; limit; liquid; plasticity; surface; surfactant
• IW Sentinel-1 satellite scenes for the investigation of mine slope stability: experiences from the Riacho dos Machados gold mine (Brazil) by Hartwig, Marcos Eduardo; de Lima, Leandro Ribes; Perissin, Daniele (2021) - Moreover, deformation maps based on IW Sentinel-1 SAR scenes as presented in this study may show a highly heterogeneous PS distribution in space. 98 Marcos Eduardo Hartwig, Leandro Ribes de Lima, Daniele Perissin 3) Deformation maps based on IW Sentinel-1 SAR scenes should be combined with data derived from other monitoring methods since PS coverage is heterogeneous; 4) Keywords: data; deformation; displacements; interferometry; mining; radar; sar; scenes; sentinel-1; slope; surface

• Intercomparison of multisource actual evapotranspiration satellite products in Bilate watershed, Ethiopia by Yimer, Alemeshet Kebede; Hatiye, Samuel Dagalo; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru (2024) - Drawing parallels with recent trends in satellite rainfall product research, there is an imperative need to explore methodologies to reconcile these systematic differences in satellite AET products. Yet, the accuracy of AET products remains unknown for many regions, prompting further investigation to guide selection. Keywords: aet; aet products; bilate; climate; coefficient; correlation; crop; data; et al; evapotranspiration; fao; global; modisssebop; products; rainfall; reference; satellite; values; wapor; watershed
• COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCING EFFECTS OF GEOMAGNETIC SOLAR STORMS ON EARTHQUAKES IN ANATOLIAN PENINSULA by Yesugey, Sadik Cengiz (2009) - +902324535716 Fax: +902324532986 Corresponding author Email: cengiz.yesugey@deu.edu.tr ABSTRACT Earthquakes are tectonic events that take place within the fractures of the earth’s crust, namely faults. Above certain scale, earthquakes can result in widespread fatalities and substantial financial loss. Keywords: center; data; day; earthquakes; magnitude; range; storms; values
• An Evaluation of Recent Global Geopotential Models for Strip Area Project in Turkey by Doganalp, Serkan (2016) - First GOCE gravity field models derived by three different approaches. A modified short arc approach for recovering gravity eld model; presented at the GRACE Science Team Meeting, Austin, TX Smith DA (1998) Keywords: champ; data; earth; field; geoid; geopotential; ggms; global; gnss; goce; grace; gravity; gravity field; height; levelling; models; satellite; values
• Geoid undulation prediction using ANNs (RBFNN and GRNN), multiple linear regression (MLR), and interpolation methods: A comparative study by Konakoglu, Berkant; Akar, Alper (2022) - Geoid undulation prediction using ANNs (RBFNN and GRNN), multiple linear regression (MLR), and interpolation methods: A comparative study Berkant Konakoglua* and Alper Akarb aTechnical Sciences Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey bVocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey *Corresponding author: berkantkonakoglu@amasya.edu.tr Keywords: Generalized regression neural network (GRNN); Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN); Multiple linear regression (MLR); Interpolation methods; Geoid determination Palabras clave: red neuronal de regresión generalizada; red neuronal de base radial; regresión lineal múltiple; métodos de interpolación; determinación geoide. Interpolation methods RMSE (m) MAE (m) NSE Krig 0.143 0.095 0.98961 IDP 0.207 0.164 0.97842 TLI 0.159 0.102 0.98729 MCS 0.178 0.110 0.98409 NN 0.142 0.097 0.98986 NRN 0.275 0.217 0.96196 LP 0.171 0.130 0.98532 RBF 0.188 0.122 0.98214 PR 0.462 0.345 0.89245 MS 0.404 0.206 0.91746 379Geoid undulation prediction using ANNs (RBFNN and GRNN), multiple linear regression (MLR), and interpolation methods: A comparative study Figure 8. Keywords: data; doi; ds#3; geoid; grnn; interpolation; mae; methods; nse; prediction; results; rmse; study; testing; training; undulation; values

• Hydrologic evolution of two Martian deltas in the Ismenius Cavus system by Suarez Valencia, Javier Eduardo; Guerrero-Gutiérrez, Daniela Alexandra; Soler-Aragon, Natalia Katherine; Ramirez-Diaz, Daniel Felipe; Nocua-Benítez, Iván Alexis; Escobar-Tarazona, Camilo Andrés; Gomez-Ruiz, José David (2024) - Valley networks are recognized across the area surrounding Ismenius Cavus and seem to be dissected by the Mamers Valles main channel. La transformación de los sistemas hídricos de Ismenius Cavus fueron establecidos al analizar los cambios en los pulsos deltaicos a través del tiempo. Keywords: activity; aracataca; ariguani; cavus; channels; crater; delta; figure; groundwater; hydrologic; ismenius; mars; networks; system; units; valley; zone
• STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE GROUNDWATER SYSTEM IN DARB EL-ARBAEIN, SOUTHWESTERN DESERT, EGYPT by A., Abdel-Lattif.; Kashouty, Mohamed El (2009) - Groundwater conditions, Nubia sand- stone aquifer, south of Gebel Abu Rayan El Baharai, Darb El Arbaein area, western Desert, Egypt. Group B con- tains fourteen samples 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 69, 70, 71, and 72 (northeastern and southwestern part of southern Darb El Arbaein). Keywords: aquifer; arbaein; darb; darb el; egypt; el arbaein; enero; fig; groundwater; group; loss; sandstone; vol

• Regional Displacement in Malatya and Adjacent Regions (Eastern Anatolia) Induced by the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes (Mw 7.7, Mw 7.6) by Cirmik, Ayca; Kirdok, İbrahim Berkan (2025) - Regional Displacement in Malatya and Adjacent Regions (Eastern Anatolia) Induced by the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes (Mw 7.7, Mw 7.6). Therefore, in this study, GNSS data of the permanent stations of the CORS-TR located around the epicenter of the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes were processed from January 1 to March 1, 2023, to calculate the displacement of the region with the effect of these earthquakes. Keywords: anatolian; component; coseismic; deformation; displacement; eafz; earthquakes; east; eastern; et al; fault; february; gnss; kahramanmaraş; kahramanmaraş earthquakes; malatya; motion; north; region; rupture; station; stress; tectonic; zone
• Characteristics of time-transgressive Holocene Optimum in the East Asian monsoon region by Weihe, Ren; Yi, Guitian (2019) - The paleoclimate records for 92 sites in East Asian monsoon region were evaluated, and the onset and termination time of the HO during the Holocene were identified. This indicates that both the EASM and the ISM might simultaneously strengthen and regress during Results and discussion Time-transgressive characteristics of the HO in East Asian monsoon regions No obvious trends of the HO evolution were found in the East Asian monsoon region, and the onset and termination ages of speleothem sites are also generally consistency (Fig. 2 Keywords: asian; doi; east; et al; holocene; monsoon; records; region; summer

• Mineralogical Characteristics and Colouring Mechanism of Hydrothermal Fluorite in the Sumochagan Obo Deposit, Inner Mongolia, north China by Lu, Zeng-Qi; Zhang, Liang; Chen, Zu-yan; Jiang, Biao (2025) - Nature and genesis of the Xiaobei- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.02.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.02.007 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-4055-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-4055-8 https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.2 https://doi.org/10.19614/j.cnki.jsks.201904024 https://doi.org/10.19614/j.cnki.jsks.201904024 https://doi.org/10.7185/geochempersp.4.1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307282 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307282 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00308116 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-8914(58)80079-8 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234505003 https://doi.org/10.18654/1000-0569/2023.02.15 https://doi.org/10.18654/1000-0569/2023.02.15 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265594809 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265594809 https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2010/0169 https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2010/0169 https://doi.org/10.1029/90JC01868 https://doi.org/10.1029/90JC01868 https://doi.org/10.11785/S1000-4343.20200516 https://doi.org/10.11785/S1000-4343.20200516 https://doi.org/10.16533/j.cnki.15-1099/tf.20200032 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-020-01116-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/S00126-020-01035-Y https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1732094 https://doi.org/10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2015.01.014 https://doi.org/10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2015.01.014 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-5663.2018.04.006 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-5663.2018.04.006 https://doi.org/10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2018.38.244 https://doi.org/10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2018.38.244 https://doi.org/10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.1985.02.011 https://doi.org/10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.1985.02.011 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-3970.2021.01.002 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-3970.2021.01.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103233 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6524.2022.05.004 https://doi.org/10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.1983.04.011 https://doi.org/10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.1983.04.011 https://doi.org/10.3969/i.issn.1006-0995.2020.01.010 https://doi.org/10.3969/i.issn.1006-0995.2020.01.010 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203098 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279907357 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279907357 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.12.022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.12.022 148 Zeng-Qi Lu, Liang Zhang, Zu-Yan Chen, Biao Jiang gou fluorite deposit, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China: Evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes. Spectral characteristics, rare earth elements, and ore-forming fluid constrains on the origin of fluorite deposit in Nan- lishu, Jilin Province, China. Keywords: absorption; abstract; centers; characteristics; chinese; deposit; earth; english; figure; fluorite; fluorite deposit; fluorite samples; green; hydrothermal; obo; sumochagan
• Corrigendum by Vargas, Carlos (2012) - No 2 del 2011 de la revista Earth Science research Journal (ESRJ) se publicó el arti- culo titulado Quaternary dating by electron spin resonance (ESR) applied to human tooth enamel en el cual no se hace un correcto pie de página de la figura 1, ya que no es tomada de (Groot, 1992) como reza la misma, sino que es tomada de la tesis de pregrado titulada DATACIÓN Keywords: earth
• Letter from editor by Vargas Jiménez, Carlos A. (2015) - As part of the strategies to warrant water resources, the method presented in next work is accomplished to be more efficient and cheaper to estimate runoff in a case based in Tamilnadu District, in India. This 2015-2018 plan should result in the creation of new research groups, improvement of investigation centers, recognition of researchers and the double of resources in funding for projects. Keywords: earth; research; sciences
• Letter from the editor by Vargas Jiménez, Carlos A. (2015) - The mission of Frontiers in Earth Sciences is to provide an introduction to some of the current advanced concepts, probb lems, and controversies that are at the forefront of Earth Sciences and to obtain a view of how the different parts of the Earth behave and interact. During the last two decades, we have published more than 200 papers in all the spectrum of Earth Sciences. Keywords: earth; quality; sciences
• Letter from the editor by Vargas J., Carlos A. (2016) - It is not just Earth Sciences Research Journal that is changing, so too is the global petroleum market. Comments, reviews, and suggestions are always welcomed in Earth Sciences Research Journal through the mail account earthjour_fcbog@unal.edu.co. Keywords: earth; journal
• Letter from the editor by Vargas J., Carlos A. (2016) - Editor in Chief, Earth Sciences Research Journal LE TT ER F R O M T H E ED IT O R Is not our right to be protected when the unscrupulous science is applied, especially when the environment and our lives are at risk? Keywords: earth; principle
• Letter from the editor by Vargas J., Carlos A. (2016) - At the end of the 2016 and early 2017, Earth Sciences Research Journal wants to thank you for making this project a successful journal. In Turkey, a country from many papers are coming from to Earth Sciences Research Journal, will celebrate the Fourth International Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, on October. Keywords: conference; earth; journal
• Letter from the editor by Vargas Jiménez, Carlos A. (2017) - Science, not silence, Oceans are rising, and so are we, Fund Science = Fun Future, Policy without science is a Biohazard, Science is not a partisan issue, it is the foundation of our society, Science is NOT an opinion, were some of the messages exhibited by demonstrators in their marches. Climatic change, clean energy, petroleum, politic points of view using science for their own benefit. Keywords: earth; science
• Letter from the editor by Vargas Jiménez, Carlos Alberto (2017) - As every two years, in a city strategically picked up to show the best of the Colombian and Latinamerican Geology, the Sociedad Colombiana de Geologia entity (Colombian Geology Society) presents the XVI Congress of Geology and the third Explorers Symposium. Ecopetrol, for example, announced the increase of its exploration budget this year to US$ 650 million with the final purpose of intensifying the search for new hydrocarbon reserves. Keywords: earth; geology
• This issue of Earth Science Research Journal by Prieto G., Germán A. (2017) - Using high-resolution aeromagnetic survey data in combination with other geological-geophysical thematic maps, Batista takes advantage of GIS tools for identifying different tectonic regimes in the Sabinas Basin, northeastern Mexico. Loess deposits can have very large thicknesses, and for engineering purposes it is important to better understand the geotechnical response of the loess deposits. Keywords: earth; sciences
• Application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and economic evaluation for construction and demolition waste: a Colombian case study by Suárez Silgado, Sindy Sofía; Calderon Valdiviezo, Lucrecia Janneth; Mahecha Vanegas, Leandro Fernando (2021) - Construction waste: an option for soil recovery (Residuos de la construcción: una opción para la recuperación de suelos). Stone materials from construction waste. Keywords: assessment; categories; cdw; companies; construction; cycle; demolition; demolition waste; earth; ibagué; impacts; landfill; life; management; process; recycling; stone; study; waste; waste management
• Geological education scenario in India and role of open educational resources in the light of COVID-19 pandemic by Verma, Omkar; Prashanth, M; Greco, Roberto; Khosla, Ashu; Singh, Kulwant (2022) - Development of Indian higher geological education The study of geological phenomena in India had been recorded from time immemorial when Indians started to observe and record the behavior of Earth’s natural processes. Indian geological education has many strategies for meeting the varied needs of society, addressing the economic growth of the country using natural resources, and refining basic and applied principles of Geology (Sharma, 1998; Radhakrishna, 2005; Sheth, 2007; Keywords: country; covid-19; data; degree; development; earth; education; field; geology; geoscience; india; learners; learning; master; oer; online; open; origin; pandemic; programs; research; resources; science; teaching; tlr; university; use; verma

• Statistical correlation between b-value and fractal dimension regarding Turkish epicentre distribution by Öztürk, Serkan (2012) - Orthogonal regression was used to estimate a suitable statistical correlation between two seismotec- tonic parameters; the Dc = 2.44 - 0.30*b relationship was obtained with a strong negative correlation (r = -0.82) between b-value and Dc-value for Turkish earthquake distribution. Results and Discussion An investigation of seismotectonic parameters in and around Tur- key involved using the b-value of the g-R relationship (Equation 1) and fractal correlation dimension Dc-value of Turkish earthquake distribution from 1970 to 2011; Turkey was divided into 55 seismic source zones in an attempt to find an empirical relationship between b-value and Dc-value. Keywords: a.o; correlation; dimension; earthquakes; fault; fractal; regions; turkey; turkish; value; zone; öncel
• Determination of Urban Earthquake Risk for Kırşehir, Turkey by Isik, Ercan; Sagir, Coskun; Tozlu, Zuhal; Salim Ustaoglu, Umit (2019) - Besides, studies on reduction of earthquake losses in the region may utilise these results. The second component entails the analysis of the vulnerability of buildings and other facilities to earthquake damage and the losses that may result out of this damage (FEMA-177, 1989). Keywords: buildings; damage; earthquake; estimation; fault; figure; kırşehir; loss; losses; province; risk; scenario; study; turkey
• Deep physical structure and geotectonic implications of the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau by Li, Jun; Wang, Xuben; Qin, Qingyan; Zhang, Gang; Li, Dahu; Zhou, Jun (2016) - ABSTRACT Keywords: Eastern margin of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Bouguer gravity, Long period magnetotellurics, Crustal fluid, Apparent density Deep physical structure and geotectonic implications of the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v20n4.61632 G E O D Y N A M IC S EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL Earth Sci. The image (Fig. 5) reveals the extensive presence of negative gravity anomalies in the middle–lower crusts of the Songpan block and eastern margin of the Longmenshan tectonic zone, at a depth of 20–40 km. Keywords: block; chinese; crustal; density; eastern; fault; longmenshan; margin; material; plateau; qtp; sichuan; structure; tectonic; uplift; wang; zhang; zone
• Diffraction Characteristics of Small Fault ahead of tunnel face in coal roadway by Wang, Bo; Liu, Shengdong; Zhou, Fubao; Zhang, Jun; Zheng, Fangkun (2017) - In the aspect of reflected channel wave, Essen et al. (2007) analyzed the response characteristics of Rayleigh channel wave of split coal through numerical simulation; Yang et al. (2012) carried out numerical simulation research with seismic wave field of small structure, and then pointed out that the Rayleigh surface wave generated from the reflection of Rayleigh channel wave can be used as the characteristic wave of the advanced detection of small structure. According to the seismic records and the wavefield snapshots of the model, with reference to kinematics and dynamics characteristics of various types of seismic wave, all kinds of waves can be recognized from the complex seismic wavefield, and they are as follows: A direct P-wave, this direct P-wave is with circular propagation from the source to the surrounding rock. Keywords: channel; coal; detection; diffraction; face; fault; roadway; tunnel; wave
• Paleo-tectonic Stress Field and Tectonic Evolution since the Mesozoic in the Eastern Mining Area of Pingdingshan by Gong, Weidong (2019) - According to the type of tectonic stress field formed by joints, they are divided into tension joints and shear joints (De Guidi et al., 2013; Mandl, 2005). The late Yanshanian Period 354 Weidong Gong Fi gu re 1 2. S ch em at ic d ia gr am o f t he ac tio n di re ct io n of p al eo -te ct on ic st re ss fi el d at ea ch m ea su rin g po in t i n th e e as te rn m in in g ar ea o f P in gd in gs ha n 355Paleo-tectonic Stress Field and Tectonic Evolution since the Mesozoic in the Eastern Mining Area of Pingdingshan tectonic movement evolution process of the North China plate and previous research data, it is believed that the period of tectonic stress field in this period should be Yanshan early-middle; The direction of the tectonic stress field in the third stage is near NE direction. Keywords: china; coal; direction; eastern; evolution; fault; joint; mining area; north; period; pingdingshan; plate; shear; stress field; structure; tectonic; yanshanian
• 20 July 2017 Bodrum-Kos Earthquake (Mw:6.6) in southwestern Anatolia, Turkey by Över, Semir; Özden, Süha; Kalkan Ertan, Esra; Turhan, Fatih; Coşkun, Zeynep; Pınar, Ali (2021) - Source modeling using strong-motion waveforms: toward automated determination of earthquake fault planes and moment- release distributions. In general, a collection of seismic event focal mechanisms leads to a well-defined assessment of the regional or local stress state that is consistent with the geologically determined stress state: that is, the stress state resulting from inversions of striae measured on fault planes (e.g., Sebrier et al., 1988; Mercier et al., 1991, 1992; Bellier and Zoback, 1995; Bellier et al., 1997; Över et al., 2010). Keywords: bodrum; earthquake; et al; fault; focal; gulf; gökova; inversion; july; kos; mechanisms; normal; slip; stress; study; turkey

• DEEP CRUSTAL STRUCTURE AND ESTIMATION OF MOHO IN THE LHASA TERRANE OF CENTRAL TIBET by Rahman, Syed Mustafizur; Islam, Rezaul; Keramat, Mumnunul; Ul-Islam, Md. Sultan (2008) - sultan_ul_islam@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Seismic attributes analysis is applied to INDEPTH II seismic profiles to develop a better understanding of the deep crustal structure and geodynamics of the Lhasa Terrane in the central Tibet area. In the present days, seismic attributes analyses are now relatively stan- dard techniques in the seismic exploration industry. Keywords: attributes; central; depth; et al; frequency; indepth; lhasa; moho; plateau; structure; tibet
• INFERENCES ON THE GEOMETRY OF THE NAZCA PLATE IN NORTHWESTERN PERÚ BASED ON DATA COLLECTED BY A LOCAL SEISMOGRAPH NETWORK by Tavera, Hernando; Vilca, Renzo; Marín, Gloria (2006) - The focal mechanisms for intermediate depth earthquakes beneath the local seismograph network suggest the development of complex deformation processes that could be attributed to small fracturing caused by stresses induced by the flexure of the subducting plate or alternatively dehydration processes. Double seismic zones and stress of intermediate depth earthquakes, Geophys. Keywords: data; depth; earthquakes; figure; geometry; local; nazca; network; perú; plate; tavera
• True amplitude migration in constant gradient velocity media by Castillo López, Luis Antonio (2003) - After data input, two-dimensional diffraction stack operator can be written following the expression given by Urban (1999), based on Martins et al. (1998) 72 Seismogram Distance o 0 5 (Km) I 1.5 2 I -i------=+=~~~_rT'-i-r-,....,...,~.,....,..-,--L----___+ E 0.5 -I------+-++-I-++-;.+:~~F.l=m!-'l-+-----____+ f.== O-l------J-LLLLLLLLLj...LJLULU--'--'--'--,------t Ray trajectories in constant gradient velocity media with commom shot configuration o r-~-----''''-'-T'T'rr-rT'CrroCT>--rT..--.rrr~~~---' vO=2kml 0.2 I GEOFiSIGA GOLOMBIANA, 7, OIGIEMBRE DE 2003 TRUE AMPLITUDE MIGRATION IN CONSTANT GRADIENT VELOCITY MEDIA 1.9,----,------,-----,,---,---r----,--,.--...., 1.85r········· ,........... T···········, L ;..............,................ ~ ~ 1.8 r············ .j ,........... , , ,...........w, ,..,?<. , ~ ~ 1.75 r············,··········· ',....... ; ; ; ····:<'A::···············L ~ ;:: 1.7 r···········+···············f.-:~~==~4:···w! .]. Keywords: amplitude; depth; gradient; migration; ray; velocity
• Mapping of Underwater Seabed Morphology of the Gaza Strip Coastal Zone Using Remote Sensing Technique by Abualhin, Khaldoun Salman (2016) - The indices of band 2 and band 4 and of band 3 and band 4 showed less capability in mapping sand bar features. Some of the geomorphological features in the coastal zone of the Gaza Strip are seasonal features such as underwater sand bars. Keywords: band; bars; coastal; depth; figure; gaza; index; mapping; quickbird; seabed; sensing; strip; zone
• Engineering Innovation of a Length of Nearly 3300m large Diameter Pipeline Installed by HDD by Guohui, Li; Xiaocheng, Ma; Chunling, Yang (2016) - A new global horizontal directional drill (HDD) undersea crossing record has been set regarding pipe diameter, pipe weight and length of crossing, in Saudi Arabia, in 2007 (Share, 2009). Analyzing the cases mentioned regarding pipe diameter, pipe weight and length of the crossing, the case of utilizing a 1016mm diameter,with 3300 lengths and a weight reaching 2096tons pipe cannot complete pullback. Keywords: coating; crossing; depth; diameter; formula; hdd; length; pipeline; river; scour

• CROSS-SECTION GENERATION OF VARIOUS GEO-SCIENTIFIC FEATURES WITHOUT CONTOUR DIGITIZATION USING A VISUAL C++ BASED SOFTWARE APPLICATION ‘VIGAT 2005’ by Srivastava, Naveenchandra N.; Rathod, Brijesh G.; Solanki, Ajay M.; Machhar, Suresh P.; Patel, Vivek R.; Dasgupta, A. R. (2007) - Contrary to ‘Vigat 2005’, creating and plotting cross section profiles in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) requires the following steps: Creating a Digital Elevation Model. It shows various steps like loading (open and display) image file in bmp file format, drawing section lines, entering contour values, submission of contour values, and display of cross sections. Keywords: c++; contour; cross; figure; geological; line; map; maps; profile; section; software; vigat; visual

• Seasonal variations characteristics of shallow subsurface seismic velocity and its influencing factors in Tianjin area, North China using ambient seismic noise data by Tan, Yipei; Ma, Ting; Deng, Li; Xu, Ke (2025) - Consequently, methods that monitor seismic velocity variations using seismic ambient noise have gained widespread adoption. Steinmann et al. (2021) also observed multiple peaks in seismic velocity variation due to temperature fluctuations around 0°C. Keywords: changes; curve; day; et al; figure; frequency; hvsr; peak; peak frequency; range; results; stations; temperature; variation; velocity; velocity changes; velocity variation; winter
• SEISMIC VELOCITY DETERMINATION IN GRAVEL AND SANDS USING PIEZOCRYSTALS by Imhof, Luis Armando; Santamarina, Juan Carlos (2008) - Consid- ering a velocity of propagation VP~140 m/s: wavelength Vp f m s s m mm� � � � �) 140 40001 0035 35 / / . Conclusions General purpose piezocrystals (disk cells) can be adapted for the construction of transducers to gener- ate and detect seismic P waves at laboratory scale us- ing soil samples (gravel and sands), in the range of frequencies that allows an appropriate balance be- tween resolution and penetration. Keywords: 2-#8; figure; frequency; sample; signal; velocity; waves; � �

• Microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions from El Vapor gold mineralizations, Colombia by Dorado, Camilo E.; Molano, Juan C. (2018) - Microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions from El Vapor gold mineralizations, Colombia. Based on petrography and Raman spectroscopy, four types of fluid inclusions could be recognized: (1) Keywords: co2; crystals; district; el vapor; fig; fluid; gold; inclusions; phase; quartz; raman; temperature; type; vapor
• Fluid inclusion study of shear zone hosted lode gold type deposits: El Bagre mining district, Antioquia-Colombia by Naranjo Sierra, Edwin; Alvaran Echeverri, Mauricio (2020) - These results are consistent with orogenic gold deposits type (Moritz, 2000; Ridley and Diamond, 2000; Groves et al., 2003; Goldfarb et al., 2005). The density values range between 1.05 to 1.07 g/cc for type IIA fluid inclusions and 1.00 to 1.03 g/cc for type IIB fluid inclusions. Keywords: bagre; co2; deposits; district; figure; fluid; gold; inclusions; mining; nacl; naranjo; quartz; shear; stage; type

• Investigation of the performances of Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and 3D-2D Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification by Seyrek, Eren Can; Uysal, Murat (2024) - It was observed that the performance of classification algorithms varied across datasets, with factors such as insufficient ground truth data, mixed pixels, and spectral similarity between classes affecting classification performances. HybridSN CNN (Roy et al., 2019) was chosen as the CNN architecture, but in light of literature suggesting that employing various activation functions and optimizers can enhance classification performance (Agarwal et al., 2021; Bera & Shrivastava, 2020; Dubey et al., 2022; Hao et al., 2020; Seyrek & Uysal, 2024; Vani & Rao, 2019), a modified version called Modified HybridSN was developed, integrating Mish activation function (Misra, 2019) and Adamax optimizer (Kingma & Ba, 2014). Keywords: algorithms; classification; cnn; data; dataset; et al; forest; hsi; hybridsn; hybridsn cnn; hyperspectral; hyrank; image; machine; performance; scene; sensing; svm; training
• Transitional relationships among typical loess geomorphologic types: Loess Plateau of China by Zhang, Shifang; Zhao, Shangmin (2025) - In this research, the fundamental data for typical loess geomorphologic type distribution is acquired from this database. J. Vol. 29, No. 1 (March, 2025): 45 - 53 G EO M O R PH O LO G Y Transitional relationships among typical loess geomorphologic types: Loess Plateau of China Shifang Zhang1, Shangmin Zhao2* 1 School of Traffic Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China; 2 Department of Surveying and Mapping, College of Geological and Surveying Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China * Email: zhaoshangmin@tyut.edu.cn How to cite item: Zhang, S., & Zhao, S. (2025). Keywords: data; digital; distribution; images; index; loess geomorphologic; loess knoll; loess plateau; loess ridge; loess tableland; research; sensing; types; valley; valley loess
• Optimal Allocation Algorithm of Geological and Ecological High-resolution Remote Sensing Monitoring Sampling Points by Bi, Taifu (2020) - The average running time of Selective algorithm for candidate extraction of remote sensing images in different scales Remote sensing image scale / pixel 500*500 800*800 1000*1000 1500*1500 Average processing time / s 2.7 7.6 14.3 29.8 Comparison and analysis of the effects of BING algorithm and IBING algorithm Figure 5 is the candidate effect diagram of extraction on high-resolution remote sensing images by BING algorithm and IBING algorithm. Similarly, the MABO value of IBING algorithm was 65.36%, while the DR/MABO value of BING algorithm was 63.21%, indicating that the quality of candidate boxes extracted from remote sensing images by the improved algorithm was higher. Keywords: algorithm; bing; candidate; detection; feature; image; resolution; sensing; technology

• DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE ELASTIC THICKNESS OF THE COLOMBIAN ANDES USING SATELLITE-DERIVED GRAVITY DATA by Galán, Remy; Casallas1, Iván (2010) - The difference between these two potentials is known as perturbation potential or just as potential difference T: T = W - U (1) When atmospheric attraction disregards, T is harmonic outside Earth and satisfies Laplace’s equation: �T � 0 (2) These parameters allow obtaining several functions of the gravity field (gravity anomalies, geoid undulations, ver- tical deflections, etc.) through its relationship with the anomalous potential T, whose series development is accord- ing to (Heiskanen and Moritz 1967, Torge 2001): T r GM r a n nm n n m n ( , ( )) Montavani et al (2001) get a spatial variations map using empirical correlations between tidal gravity anomalies and elastic thickness values, finding for Colombian Andes a value between 69 and 79 km. Keywords: admittance; andes; colombian; data; gravity; models; thickness; value; � �
• GEOPHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOR AN IMPACT CRATER IN VICHADA, NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA AND ITS ECONOMIC POTENTIAL by Hernández, Orlando; von Frese, Ralph R.B.; Khurama, S., Khurama, S. (2009) - Clearly, modern aeromagnetic surveying can provide another important test of the crustal properties of Vichada impact crater. Key words: Impact crater, Vichada, Gravity, Magnetic. Keywords: air; anomaly; crater; enero; gravity; impact; structure; tcfaga; terrain; vichada; vol; � �
• Accurate gravity anomaly interpolation: a case-study in Cameroon, Central Africa by Kamguia, J.; Tabod, C. T.; Tadjou, J. M.; Manguelle-Dicoum, E.; Nouayou, R.; Kande, L. H. (2007) - Theoretically, Bouguer gravity anomalies are smoother and therefore suited for prediction processes than free-air anomalies. This paper presents the comparison of various prediction methods applied on different types of gravity anomalies and considering the relative geological complexity of the study area. Keywords: anomalies; anomaly; areas; bouguer; cameroon; data; gravity; interpolation; point; prediction
• CRUSTAL THICKNESS VARIATIONS AND SEISMICITY OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA by Hernandez-Pardo, Orlando; B. von Frese, Ralph R.; Woo Kim, Jeong (2007) - Hernández et al., ESRJ Vol. 11, No. 1. June 2007 94 from terrain and gravity anomalies of northwestern South America help to differentiate probable earthquake zones. Inversely transforming positively and negatively correlated free-air wavenumber components according to the selected cut off values yielded the terrain- correlated free air gravity anomalies (TCFAGA). Keywords: andes; anomalies; catalog; crustal; earthquakes; figure; gravity; plate; south; thickness; variations; zones
• ISOSTATICALLY DISTURBED TERRAIN OF NORTHWESTERN ANDES MOUNTAINS FROM SPECTRALLY CORRELATED FREE-AIR AND GRAVITY TERRAIN DATA by Hernández P, Orlando; B. von Frese, Ralph R. (2006) - New insights on the isostatic state and plate boundaries of the northwestern Andes Mountains can be obtained from the spectral analysis of recently available gravity and topography data. Spectral correlation of the terrain gravity effects (TGE) and free-air gravity anomalies (FAGA) suggested that the Andes Mountains are isostatically disturbed with an anomalous underlying crust-mantle interface (MOHO). Keywords: air; andes; anomalies; data; fctge; figure; frese; gravity; mountains; plate; tcfaga; terrain; tge; von
• Reference crust-mantle density contrast beneath Antarctica based on the Vening Meinesz-Moritz isostatic inverse problem and CRUST2.0 seismic model by Tenzer, Robert; Bagherbandi, Mohammad (2013) - CRUST2.0 Moho density contrast was computed from CRUST2.0 upper mantle densities relative to 2,670 kg/m3 crust den- sity. CRUST2.0 Moho density contrast is shown in Figure 4. Diffe- rences between both Moho density contrasts are shown in Figures 5. Keywords: antarctica; contrast; crust; crust2.0; density; density contrast; east; gravity; moho; west
• Temporal-spatial distribution of oceanic vertical deflections determined by TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1/2 missions by Guo, Jin Yun; Shen, Yi; Zhang, Kaihua; Liu, Xin; Kong, Qiaoli; Xie, Feifei (2016) - Accuracy analysis of vertical deflection data observed with the Hannover Digital Zenith Camera System TZK2-D. Journal of Geodesy, 82(6), 347-356. Temporal-spatial distribution of oceanic vertical deflections determined by TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1/2 missions Record Manuscript received: 26/11/2015 Accepted for publication: 06/03/2016 How to cite item Guo, J. Y., Shen, Y., Zhang, K., Liu, X., Kong, Q. and Xie F. (2016). Keywords: altimetry; components; crossover; data; dovs; gravity; oceanic; oceans; prime; sea; vertical

• A comparative study of vertical geoelectrical arrays in delineating shallow subsurface properties by Antosia, Risky Martin (2025) - Comparative analyzes among electrical resistivity tomography arrays in the characterization of flow structure in free aquifer. J. Vol. 29, No. 1 (March, 2025): 81 - 88 G EO PH Y SI C S A comparative study of vertical geoelectrical arrays in delineating shallow subsurface properties Risky Martin Antosia Department of Geophysical Engineering, Sumatera Institute of Technology, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Jati Agung, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Lampung, Indonesia. Keywords: arrays; dipole; electrode; figure; resistivity; schlumberger; subsurface; vertical; wenner
• Using the micro – resistivity method to detect hispanic ancient floors at Nombre de Dios, Panamá by Pastor, Louis; Vanhoeserlande, Richard; Mojica, Alexis; Salamanca Heyman, María (2010) - Más tarde, los trabajos de excavación llevados a cabo en una de las zonas con anomalías eléctricas fuertes concordaron con los resultados de esta prospección geofísica, un sondeo de 0,5 x 0,5 x 0,2 m reveló la parte superior de un nivel de guijarros, y esta estructura colonial descasaba sobre una capa húmeda de material sedimentario superficial. GEOCIENCIAS DIC 2010-COLOR.vp Using the micro – resistivity method to detect hispanic ancient floors at Nombre de Dios, Panamá Alexis Mojica1, Louis Pastor2, Richard Vanhoeserlande3, María Salamanca Heyman4 1 Laboratorio de Ingeniería Aplicada, Centro Experimental de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá E-mail: alexis.mojica@utp.ac.pa. 2 Laboratoire Sisyphe - Unité Mixte de Recherche 7619, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France, Coopération Géophysique pour l’Amérique Central. Keywords: dios; electric; figure; mojica; nombre; prospection; resistivity; site; � �
• Geophysical exploration of disseminated and stockwork deposits associated with plutonic intrusive rock: a case study on the eastern flank of Colombia’s western cordillera by Hernández Pardo, Orlando; Gretta, C; Alexander, E; Iraida, M; Pintor, B (2012) - These deposits are normally associated with intermediate to acid plutonic intrusive rocks and all are characterized by intense, extensive hydrothermal alteration of host rocks Disseminated deposit exploration in the tropics suffers from difficult geological mapping due to dense vegetation, lack of rock out- crops and extensive but variable saprolytic weathering Geophysical exploration of these deposits normally includes magnetic, induced polarization and gamma ray spectrometry surveys The largest RTP total mag- netic field anomaly highs are usually associated with diorite porphyry intrusive bodies Diorites are usually less magnetic than basaltic rocks; thus when magnetic anomaly highs are related to intrusions they can be explained by basic metals’ intensive mineralization (including magnetite) associated with porphyry intru- sions Magnetic anomaly gradients regularly help delineate local discontinuities which can be interpreted as local faults and joints that can be mineralized Gamma ray spectrometry is useful for determining anomalous potassium, uranium and thorium concentration as it can map alteration halos and linear discontinuities Statistical analysis of the data also can determine the intermediate intrusive / extrusive nature of porphyry intrusions Gamma ray spectrometry can help to determine elemental potassium concentration, regardless of the associated potassium mineral species, thereby enabling alteration mapping in a geological setting related to volcanic-associated massive sulphide base metal and gold deposits An induced polarization survey is use- ful in outlining disseminated sulphide distribution in porphyry deposits related to chargeability anomaly highs The results of the Quinchía project’s geophysical exploration program are discussed RESUMEN Los depósitos de sulfuros diseminados son depósitos de bajo tenor y alto tonelaje, los cuales son impor- tantes fuentes en la explotación de oro, cobre, molibdeno y zinc Estos depósitos están asociados a rocas plutónicas intermedias a acidas y se caracterizan por una intensa y extensa alteración de la roca huésped o encajante La exploración de estos depósitos en las zonas tropicales presenta una gran dificultad debido a la densa vegetación, escasez de afloramientos y alteración saprolítica variable The highest mean chargeability val- ues and most associated mineralized areas were located at 170m depth The resistivity lows had values from 7 ohm-m to 300 ohm-m related to sulphur mineralization and altered igneous rocks It was concluded that about 40% of the studied area covered by the induced polarization survey had the potential to host porphyry style alteration areas and sulphide areas which might be mineralized with base and precious metals in the porphyry intrusion of La Cumbre, Matecaña, la Lenguita, el Cedral, Mandeval, San Luis and Dos Quebradas Keywords: anomaly; areas; chargeability; deposits; discontinuities; figure; highs; m depth; m electrode; mineralization; pole; pole array; porphyry; resistivity

• Fitting of Statistical Distribution in Assessing Rainfall Patterns Across Various Zones of Assam, India by Ray, Dipanjali; Roy, Tanusree Deb; Dutta, Subhankar; Laskar, Sebul Islam (2025) - Millington et al. (2011) compared Gumbel, Generalized Extreme Value, and Log-Pearson III distributions for the Upper Thames River, Mandal and Choudhury (2015) identified optimal rainfall distributions for Sagar Island, and The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of probability distributions using various goodness-of-fit tests in order to develop a standard for selecting them in various zones of Assam based on monthly rainfall data from 1985-2022. Keywords: assam; data; distribution; fitting; gamma; gumbel; log; monsoon; pearson; probability distribution; rainfall; rainfall data; season; station; table; value; weibull
• DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS OF EARTHQUAKE SOURCES IN SOUTH AMERICA FROM MACROSEISMIC INTENSITY DATA (CERESIS DATABASE) by Gómez Capera, Augusto A.; Leschiutta, Ilaria (2004) - Key words: Earthquake source parameters, intensity data points, parameterization techniques, South America. Audemard, F. (1997): Holocene and historical earthquakes on the Boconó fault system, southern Venezuelan Andes: trench confirmation. Keywords: boxer; ceresis; data; database; earthquake; figure; idp; intensity; parameters; source; south; table

• WAVE EQUATION DATUMING TO CORRECT TOPOGRAPHY EFFECT ON FOOTHILL SEISMIC DATA by Bravo Niño, Claudia Lily; Montes Vides, Luis Alfredo (2005) - Recently effects of topography in foothill data have been studied (Malaver et al., 2005; Montes et al 2003) and new approaches have been proposed to increase quality in seismic data recorded in these regions (Montes et al. 2005). The shots were upward continued to a rough surface through WED, simulating seismic data recorded in foothill zones, one of these synthetic shots is Figure 4. Keywords: data; datum; equation; figure; seismic; shot; topography; wave
• Severity Classification of a Seismic Event based on the Magnitude-Distance Ratio Using Only One Seismological Station by Ochoa, Luis H.; Niño, Luis F.; Vargas, Carlos A. (2014) - Class B events were classified with high accuracy, but Class A events were wrongly classified in 31% of the cases. Appendix I: List of used events and parameters. Keywords: algorithm; america; b b; bulletin; data; distance; events; magnitude; results; signal; society; station; wave
• A modified approach for Elastic Impedance Inversion due to the variation in value of K by Abbasi, Saiq Shakeel; Liu, Jiangping; Hameed, Nayima; Ehsan, Muhsan (2018) - After generation of elastic impedance values at different angles, inversion procedure was applied; P-Impedance, S-impedance, and density of the following equation were inverted. To overcome this problem, Whitcombe (2002) introduced constants V Vp s0 0 , and 0 which allow elastic impedance values to remain constant for a layer and does not change with the angle  and modified the elastic impedance function as following. Keywords: avo; impedance; inversion; reflection; type; value; wave;  
• Group Velocity Measurements of Earthquake Rayleigh Wave by S Transform and Comparison with MFT by Jiang, Chanjun; Wang, Youxue; Zeng, Gaofu (2020) - In this paper, S transform is introduced to measure group velocities of earthquake Rayleigh wave and is compared with the commonly used MFT. Inverse S transform is written as x t s f d e dfi ft( ) = ( )           ++ ∫∫ τ τ −∞ ∞ −∞ ∞ , 2π (4) Comparison with MFT At present, MFT is the most commonly used method to measure group velocities of earthquake Rayleigh wave. Keywords: group; mft; rayleigh; transform; wave

• Study on the relationship between Global Positioning System Total Electron Content Anomalies and Earthquake Events in Thailand during Solar Cycle 24 by Pansong, Chollada; Kenpankho, Prasert (2025) - To analyze the correlation between geomagnetic storms (represented by the Kp index) and TEC variations on earthquake days, we examined GPS TEC, IGS TEC, and IRI TEC. Correlation coefficient Earthquake magnitudes Kp index TEC (On earthquake day) GPS TEC IGS TEC IRI TEC 3.0-3.9 -0.017 -0.067 Keywords: anomalies; data; days; earthquake; earthquake events; earthquake magnitudes; et al; events; geomagnetic; gps; gps tec; igs tec; ionospheric; iri; iri tec; magnitudes; solar; tec; tec data; thailand
• Origin of Earthquake Light Associated with Earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, 2010-2011 by Whitehead, Neil Evan; Ulusoy, Ü. (2015) - ABSTRACT RESUMEN Keywords: : Earthquake light, earthquake precursors. Earthquake light above Mt Wilson Observatory. Keywords: blue; christchurch; city; earthquake; eql; figure; flashes; freund; green; ground; hills; light; lightning; new; observations; sky; white; zealand
• Earthquake predictions and scientific forecast: dangers and opportunities for a technical and anthropological perspective by Tapia-Hernández, Edgar; Reddy, Elizabeth A.; Oros-Aviles, Laura Josabeth (2019) - Earthquake predictions and scientific forecast: dangers and opportunities for a technical and anthropological perspective. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v23n4.77206 Supporting earthquake risk management with clear seismic communication may necessitate encounters with various popular misapprehensions regarding earthquake prediction. Keywords: activity; disaster; doi; earthquake; gas; hazards; magnitude; predictions; public; radon; research; risk; social

• Influence of pressure, coal structure and permeability on CBM well productivity at various burial depths in South Yanchuan Block, China by Li, Teng; Wu, Caifang (2016) - With increasing burial depth and coal reservoir permeability, the average methane production increases (Fig. The coal matrix swells with increasing gas pressure, especially under low gas pressure conditions (approximately 3.5 MPa), leading to the reduction in coal permeability (Perera and Ranjith, 2012). Keywords: coal; coal reservoir; coalbed; et al; gas; methane; methane production; permeability; pressure; production; reservoir; stress; structure; thickness; type
• A Mechanical Analysis of Support Instability Risk along the Strike of Coalface in Thick Coal Seam with Large Dip Angle: A Case Study by Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Weisheng; Zhang, Dongsheng; Qi, Dahong; He, Ziming (2021) - (2) The influencing factors of support stability along the strike of the coalface with LDA and LMH include the following: technical parameters of the support itself (self-gravity, width and height, length of support beam and length of support base, setting load and working resistance of support), geological conditions of the coalface (the dip angle of the coal seam, the strike angle of the coalface, lithology of roof and floor, and support force provided by the coal wall to the side rack), as well as special situations occurring during mining (e.g. coalface cutting across a fault). Moreover, due to the different movement states of the roof, support, and floor in the LDAC and 103A mechanical analysis of support instability risk along the strike of coalface in thick coal seam with large dip angle: a case study underhand mining operation (Zhang & Cao, 2015), support stability usually decreases dramatically. Keywords: angle; coal; coalface; dip; journal; mining; roof; seam; strike; support; support stability; zhang

• FINE THERMOHALINE STRUCTURE OF THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC OCEAN by Villegas, Nancy (2004) - MAY 2000 Numbers of station and type of stability Layers, m 1 5 14 17 29 33 42 43 47 49 79 81 107 111 114 0-10 LC AS AS AI AS LC AI AS AS SF AS SF SF AS AI 10-25 AS LC AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS 25-50 AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS SF SF AS AS SF 50-75 AS AS AS SF AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS 75-100 AS AS AS AS AS SF SF AS SF SF SF SF AS SF AS 100-150 AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS SF AS AS SF SF AS SF 150-200 AS SF AS SF SF SF AS SF SF AS SF AS SF SF AS 200-300 SF SF SF AS SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF 300-400 – SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF – SF SF SF SF 400-500 – SF SF – – SF AS SF – SF – AS SF SF SF 500-600 – – – – – – – – – SF – – SF – SF CONCLUSIONS Layers with predominance of different mechanisms of fine structure were determined. In shift instability of currents and internal waves, turbulence and elements of fine structure of hydrophysical fields arise under action of strong hydrodynamical instability in zones with high vertical gradients of speed current, like located areas observed as separate turbulent spots (Benilov, 1985, Maderich and Nikishev, 1986). Keywords: colombian; ocean; pacific; sf sf; stability; structure; temperature; vertical
• Calculation of indicators of maximum extreme temperature in Sinaloa state, northwestern Mexico by Llanes Cárdenas, Omar; Cervantes Arce, Lorenzo; González González, Gabriel Eduardo (2023) - Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR–IPN–Sinaloa) *Corresponding author: ollanesc@ipn.mx Cálculo de indicadores de temperatura máxima extrema en el estado de Sinaloa, noroeste de México How to cite item: Llanes-Cárdenas, O., Cervantes-Arce, L., & González-González G.E. (2023). Repercusiones del cambio climático global en el estado de Sinaloa, México. Keywords: aad; add; climate; dec-1; distribution; et al; functions; indicators; llanes; maximum; met; mmt; probability; sinaloa; temperature; � �

• An integrated approach of advanced methods for mapping geologic structures and sedimentary thickness in Ukelle and adjoining region (Southeast Nigeria) by Ekwok, Stephen E.; Eldosouky, Ahmed M.; Ben, Ubong C.; Achadu, Ogiji-Idaga M.; Akpan, Anthony E.; Othman, Abdullah; Pham, Luan Thanh (2023) - Depth estimation method The TD technique is based on the relationship between tilt angle derivative (TDR) (Miller and Singh, 1994), horizontal position and depth of a vertical 2-D contact as (Salem et al., 2007): TDR F z F x F y �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� atan 2 2 (6) and TDR h z c == atan (7) where zc is the contact depth, and h is the horizontal location. Previous studies in the Lower Benue Trough using magnetic data with low resolution obtained by Geological Survey of Nigeria (GSN) in 1974, were centered on the mapping of major intrusive structures, fault systems, stratigraphy, sediment thickness, spatial distribution of igneous intrusions, and delineation of depo-centres (Oha et al., 2016; Ofoegbu, 1984; Ofoegbu and Mohan, 1990). Keywords: data; ekwok; et al; fig; geologic; nigeria; pham; structures; ukelle; y �; � �
• Scanning electron microscope description of the Afowo oil sand deposits in south-western Nigeria by A, Akinmosin; O.C, Adeigbe; O.O., Oyemakinde (2011) - Ife Journal of Science, Vol 7, No 1, Akinmosin, A., Oredein, O.S. and Odewande, A. A. (2006): Sedimentological and reservoir description of Afowo oil sands deposits, southwestern Nigeria. Introduction Tar sands, also known as oil sands, consist of bitumen which is a soluble organic matter derived from crude oil degradation, either as seeps coming to the surface or within shallow subsurface reservoirs, and host sediment with associated minerals excluding natural gas. Keywords: agosto; electron; julio; kaolinite; nigeria; oil; sand; scanning

• Early Paleoproterozoic continental crust magmatism in the Xueye area, Western Shandong, China: Evidence from U-Pb age and trace element geochemistry of zircon by Tu, Wei (2025) - In Figures (a) to (f), 1 means continental crust zircon, 2 means ocean crust zircon. Crustal growth in the Nor- th China Craton at ~ 2.5 Ga: Evidence from in situ zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry of the Dengfeng complex. Keywords: china; continental; fig; grains; sample; shandong; tio; trace; zircon
• Composition of biotite within the Wushan granodiorite, Jiangxi Province, China: Petrogenetic and metallogenetic implications by Dong, Qian; Du, Yangsong; Pang, Zhenshan; Miao, Wenrui; Tu, Wei (2014) - In addition, Wushan granodiorite biotites are magnesian, which also supports an I-type granite classification for this intrusion. The crystallization temperatures of Wushan biotites ranged from 720°C to 750°C, with crystallization under log fO2 values of –11.6 to –12.5. Keywords: biotites; china; conditions; copper; deposit; figure; granodiorite; wushan; wushan granodiorite
• Mineralogical features and petrogenetic significance of the clinopyroxene and hornblende of the Wuhaolai mafic complex in northern North China Craton, Inner Mongolia by Wang, Chen; Jianchao, Liu; Haidong, zhang; Jiakun, Ge; Zhixuan, Xi; Haoran, Wang (2019) - Keywords: Wuhaolai mafic complex; genetic mineralogy; magmatic evolution; tectonic significance; margin of the North China Craton. He a CIEn CIFs Pyroxenite Gabbro Diorite Edenite M g/ (M g+ Fe 2+ ) Ferro-Edenite Ferropargasite (IVAl ≥ Fe3+) Ferropargasite (IVAl ≥ Fe3+) Pargasite (IVAl ≥ Fe3+) Magnesio-hastingsite (IVAl ≥ Fe3+) Ti<0,5 b 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,01,01,01,01,01,0 1,0 SiIV Figure 4. (a) Wo–En–Fs diagram of clinopyroxene in Wuhaolai mafic complex (after Morimoto et al., 1988); (b) Classification of hornblende in the Wuhaolai mafic complex (after Leake et al., 1997). Keywords: china; clinopyroxene; complex; et al; gabbro; hornblende; inner; mafic; magma; mongolia; north; pyroxenite; tectonic; wang; wt.%; wuhaolai; zhang; zhao
• Temporal-spatial characteristics and path analysis of maritime cyclones in Guangdong coastal areas in the South China Sea by Chen, Cheng; Wang, Lei; Chen, Ruozhou; Xing, Fangliang; Chen, Jun (2018) - This study was conducted to analyze the maritime cyclone characteristics in Guangdong coast in the years of 1949 to 2016, including inter-annual variation, the intensity of tropical cyclones, generating location and time, and path direction. The strengths of the tropical cyclones were reduced from central Guangdong coast to the east and the west sides, and the section of Zhanjiang city to Shenzhen city was the most vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Keywords: china; city; coastal; cyclones; guangdong; landing; path; sea; south; years
• The SHRIMP U-Pb isotope dating of Mesozoic volcanic from Zhangwu-Heishan Area, West Liaoning Province, China by Hou, Chaoyong ; Cai, Houan ; Pei, Senlong (2021) - For instance, whether volcanic rock in Yixian Formation is of late Jurassic Epoch (Wang, 1987; Ren et al., 1997; Wang, 1998; Luo et al., 1999), late Jurassic to early Cretaceous Epoch (Zhang et al., 1992; Chen et al., 1998; Ji et al., 1998; Sun & Zheng, 2000; Jiang et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2002) or early Cretaceous Epoch (Li et al., 2001; Wang et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2001; Xu et al., 1999; Ji et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 2006) is an open question. Meanwhile, the researches on the stratigraphy, paleo-geography, paleoclimate, and paleomagnetism of the Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary basin in west Liaoning Province are gradually performed (Pan et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2002; Zhu et al., 2001 & 2002; Gong et al., 2007; Li et al., 2002; Ren, 1997). Keywords: abstract; basalt; china; chinese; et al; liaoning; sihetun; volcanic; wang; yixian; zhang

• GEOINFORMATION DENSITY: A criterion on ANH Block Negotiation by Vargas J., Carlos A.; Zamora R, Armando; Pardo, Andres (2007) - METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS Based on the general information included within the ANH Exploration and Production Information Service - EPIS such as longitude and location of several seismic programs, gravimetric, magnetometric, and geochemical location coverage along with well distribution performed during the exploratory history of Colombia, information distribution densities have been determined from territory area discretization (e.g., 25km x 25km). Cumulative probability curves for seismic density information fitted to typical normal and exponential distribution curves. Keywords: anh; block; data; density; distribution; figure; information; negotiation

• Estimation of GPS L2 Signal Observables Using Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Networks for Positional Accuracy Improvement by Negri, Cassio Vinícius Carletti; Segantine, Paulo Cesar Lima (2020) - Estimation of GPS L2 signal observables using Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network for positional accuracy improvement. ABSTRACT Estimation of GPS L2 signal observables using Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network for positional accuracy improvement Estimación de los observables de señal GPS L2 utilizando redes neuronales artificiales de perceptrón multicapa para mejorar la precisión posicional ISSN 1794-6190 e-ISSN 2339-3459 https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n1.78880 Keywords: ann; artificial; carrier; data; eesc; figure; gps; network; neural; observables; positioning; test; training
• Effects of the Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network on the accuracy, precision, and Time to Fix Ambiguity (TTFA) performance by Gökdaş, Ömer; Özlüdemir, Mustafa Tevfik (2022) - In addition to CORS-TR, local CORS networks such as ISKI CORS network have been put into service in Turkey. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration for providing full access to ISKI CORS network data and Topnet Live software. Keywords: accuracy; cors; cors network; figure; iski; network; pasa; software; solution; station; ttfa; vrs

• The geomorphic history of the Ainoura plain, Kyushu, Japan, based on excavation of the Monzen ruins by Mori, H; Shimoyama, S; Soejima, K (2012) - This included the monzen ruins, located in the middle of the Ainoura plain (N 33˚12’06’’, E129˚40’09’’, WGS84), where the Ainoura River curves to the south (Figure 2). This area lacks flatlands, but there are occasional wide river val- leys; the Ainoura plain in western Sasebo, in which monzen ruins are located, is one of these. Keywords: ainoura; figure; japan; kyushu; layers; monzen; mud; nagasaki; plain; river; ruins; sand

• Assessing the correlation between climate signals and monthly mean and extreme precipitation and discharge of Golestan Dam Watershed by Golian, Saeed; Ruigar, Hossein (2015) - By analyzing SST data, maximum correlation coefficients for precipitation data of Tangrah, Tamer, and Galikesh raingauges was equaled to 0.455, 0.478, and 0.44 with 6, 3, and 9 months of lag, respectively. The maximum values of the correlation between SST data of different locations presented in Table 1 and precipitation and discharge data are shown in Figures (3) and (4), respectively. Keywords: climate; correlation; data; discharge; enso; galikesh; lag; months; oscillation; precipitation; rainfall; sea; signals; slp; sst

• Air Pollution as a Potential Risk Factor for COVID-19 Spread: A Case Study of Italian Provincial Capitals by Kargi, Bilal; Coccia, Mario (2025) - Notably, these cities often coincided with hinterland zones characterized by high air pollution (exceeding PM10 and ozone limits for many days), low wind speed, and lower temperatures, potentially amplifying the observed association. Furthermore, analyses stratified by air pollution levels (Table 7) demonstrate that population density is a factor in explaining the number of infected individuals, but its impact appears to be more pronounced in cities with high air pollution. Keywords: air pollution; april; cities; coccia; correlation; covid-19; days; density; err; health; infections; levels; log; pollution; population; regions; research; spread; transmission

• Conversion of 3D seismic attributes to reservoir hydraulic flow units using a neural network approach: An example from the Kangan and Dalan carbonate reservoirs, the world's largest non-associated gas reservoirs, near the Persian Gulf by Dezfoolian, Mohammad Amin; Riahi, Mohammad Ali; Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi, Ali (2013) - By analyzing core data and investigating its relation to seismic attributes, it is possible to offer a model for HFU prediction from 3D seismic data. The methodology introduced in this study estimates HFUs from a large volume of 3D seismic data. Keywords: attributes; data; fig; flow; fzi; hfus; impedance; log; porosity; reservoir; seismic; units
• The characteristics of unconventional tight oil reservoir and its modification technology and productivity prediction by Fan, Yang; Lifeng, Liu ; Qiquan, Ran; Jinping, Kong; Mengya, Xu; Jiaxin, Dong (2021) - Steady-state productivity of fractured horizontal wells in tight reservoirs Comparison of productivity models for fractured horizontal wells in tight reservoirs The steady-state solution of rectangular boundary reservoir with vertical fracture is studied. Then, on this basis, the steady productivity formula of fractured horizontal wells is established. Keywords: f f; fracture; fracturing; horizontal; pressure; production; productivity; reservoir; tight; wells

• Variable-Permeability Well-Testing Models and Pressure Response in Low-Permeability Reservoirs with non-Darcy Flow by Feng, Naichao; Cheng, Shiqing; Lan, Weixing; Mu, Guoquan; Peng, Yao; Yu, Haiyang (2016) - Permeability curve of low-velocity non-Darcy flow (i) Through the initial experimental data, plot the flow velocity versus pressure gradient curve V-∆P, then plot the K-∆P curve presenting the relationship between permeability and pressure gradient; (ii) Divide the curve into several linear sections, and consider the permeability of each linear section as a constant; (iii) The finite difference algorithm is employed to discretize the non- linear flow differential equations, and then set up a non-linear equation system in which the pressure is the unknown, and the permeability is a function of pressure gradient, K= K( dp/dr). Influence of non-Darcy effect on non-Darcy type curves In the early section of Figure 4, the type curves in log-log scale coincide as a 45o line, indicating the influence of wellbore storage effect. Keywords: boundary; curves; darcy; effect; flow; gradient; permeability; pressure; type

• Study on the Internal Force of Geomembrane of Landfill in Heavy Metal Contaminated Area by Zhang, Hongzhou (2020) - The influence of landfill height on the maximum tensile stress of Geomembrane Conclusion Based on the softening model of interface strength between Geomembrane and clay, the equilibrium equation of Geomembrane force is established, and the analytical solution of tension stress and displacement of Geomembrane is obtained. Firstly, according to the internal force analysis of Geomembrane model, the basic equation of Geomembrane is obtained, and the equation is analyzed by finite difference numerical solution, so as to analyze the internal force of Geomembrane in a landfill. Keywords: displacement; figure; geomembrane; interface; strength; stress; u p; u u;  

• Double-transmitting and Sextuple-receiving Borehole Transient Electromagnetic Method and Experimental Study by Wang, Bo; Liu, Shengdong; Li, Shining; Zhou, Fubao (2017) - Schematic diagram of borehole TEM signal response. En este trabajo se dedujo la respuesta de las ecuaciones del modo transmisión-recepción para la transmisión doble y la recepción séxtuple en las perforaciones con el método TEM, y se obtuvieron las respuestas características del segmento de inducción y el segmento de atenuación de las ondas de recepción basados en la solución de las ecuaciones en condición de apagado de la gráfica de función, lo que proporciona las bases para el análisis teórico. Keywords: anomaly; borehole; field; figure; loops; radial; receiving; response; tem; transient; transmitting

• CHARACTERIZATION OF VERMICULITE BY XRD AND SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES by Campos, A.; Moreno, S.; Molina, R. (2009) - The X-Ray identification and crystal struc- tures of clay minerals. Interlayer and interca- lation complexes of clay minerals. Keywords: campos; charge; clay; enero; et al; mineral; vermiculite; vol

• CLUSTERING ON DISSIMILARITY REPRESENTATIONS FOR DETECTING MISLABELLED SEISMIC SIGNALS AT NEVADO DEL RUIZ VOLCANO by Alzate, Mauricio Orozco; Castellanos-Domínguez, César Germán (2007) - Corresponding author: Mauricio Orozco-Alzate, email: morozcoa@unal.edu.co ABSTRACT Classification of seismic signals at Colombian volcanoes has been carried out manually by visual inspection. Automatic classification of seismic signals at Mt. Vesuvius volcano, Italy, using neural networks. Keywords: classification; clustering; data; dissimilarity; duin; ruiz
• DISSIMILARITY-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SEISMIC SIGNALS AT NEVADO DEL RUIZ VOLCANO by Orozco, Mauricio; García, Marcelo E.; P.W. Duin, Robert; G. Castellanos, César (2006) - Linear and Quadratic normal density based classifiers Previous studies (Pękalska et al, 2001; Pękalska and Duin, 2002; Paclík and Duin, 2003) have shown that Bayesian (normal density-based) classifiers, particularly the linear (LDC) and quadratic (QDC) normal based classifiers, perform well in dissimilarity spaces. Dissimilarity representations were constructed by calculating pairwise Euclidean distances and a non-Euclidean measure on the normalized spectra, which is based on the difference in area between spectral curves. Keywords: classification; classifiers; dissimilarity; duin; problem; representations; ruiz; signals
• Fusion Method Evaluation and Classification Suitability Study of Wetland Satellite Imagery by Zhu, Danyao; Wan, Luhe; Gao, Wei (2019) - It can be seen from the table that the average gradient of GS fusion image is the largest, followed by PC fusion image, indicating that GS fusion image and PC fusion image have advantages in terms of sharpness. The information content of PC fusion image is the largest, followed by GS fusion image and NND fusion image. Keywords: accuracy; classification; fusion; fusion image; image; information; nnd; spectral; wetland

• Mineral composition of Albazinskoe deposit ores as an indicator of its belonging to the gold-rare metallic ore-formational type by Kemkina, Raisa A.; Kemkin, Igor' V. (2022) - Excepting earlier known ore minerals represented by sulfides of iron, arsenic, lead, zinc, and copper, authors have established about two tens of ore minerals, new for this deposit. The elemental composition of ore minerals was determined by applying a scanning electron microscope EVO-50 XVP with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer INCA-350 at the laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Research of the Far Eastern Geological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Keywords: cobaltite; composition; deposit; figure; form; gold; grains; minerals; ore; ores; russian

• Seismic properties of the permafrost layer using the HVSR method in Seymour-Marambio Island, Antarctica by Vargas Jimenez, Carlos Alberto; Solano, Juan M.; Gulisano, Adriana M.; Santillana, Sergio; Casallas, Edwin A. (2022) - Keywords: H/V spectral ratio; seismic response; permafrost; Marambio; Antartic; fluids' saturation Propiedades sísmicas del permafrost a través del método de relaciones espectrales horizontal/vertical en la isla Seymour-Marambio de la Antártida Palabras Clave: Relaciones espectrales H/V; respuesta sísmica; permafrost; Marambio; Antártida; saturación de fluidos Record Manuscript received: 29/07/2022 Accepted for publication: 16/08/2022 How to cite item: Vargas, C. A., Solano, J. M., Gulisano, A. M., Santillana, S., & Casallas, E. A. (2022). Rock quality, seismic velocity, attenuation, and anisotropy. Keywords: authors; et al; figure; hvsr; island; layers; marambio; noise; permafrost; properties; ratio; response; seymour

• Letter from the editor by Prieto G., Germán A. (2017) - Numerous casualties and at least 40 buildings collapsed in Mexico City. Both events showed a normal faulting mechanism, and although they were widely felt, their major impact was in densely populated Mexico City, where wave amplification is expected due to the geological features of the City's soil structure. Keywords: city

• First record of Crocodyliformes Osteoderm from the Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group, State of Goiás , Brazil. by Paula, Thainara; Candeiro, Carlos Roberto dos Anjos; Dias, Tamires do Carmo; Vidal, Luciano; Pereira, Paulo Victor Luiz Gomes da Costa (2025) - La presencia de Paleo-UFG-114 en el estado de Goiás reafirma que los mesoeucrocodilianos fueron componentes importantes de la fauna de reptiles y contribuye a aumentar el conocimiento sobre la distribución geográfica del grupo en esta región poco explorada del centro de Brasil. In the present work, we describe the first osteoderm of Mesoeucrocodylia from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of the Marília For- mation (Bauru Group) of the state of Goiás. Keywords: bauru; brazil; candeiro; cretaceous; et al; goiás; group; osteoderm; state

• Software engineering’s contribution to earthquake engineering by Zamora Hernandez, Abigail; González-López, Gloria Inés; González-Navarro, Felix; Ordaz-Schroeder, Mario (2013) - Producing earthquake analysis software is definitely an essential tool for achieving such goals more efficiently, quickly and accurately. Key words: seismic analysis software, seismic engineering, software engineering. Keywords: applications; data; earthquakes; engineering; information; language; mexico; national; software

• Vertical accuracy evaluation free access digital elevation models (DEMs): case Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan by Fazilova, Dilbarkhon; Arabov, Obidjon (2023) - El rango de corrección de la altura geoidal se establece entre -0.66 m y 0.87 m. Con los modelos SRTM30, ASTER GDEM2 y ALOS AW3D30 se obtuvieron los errores de raíz cuadrada media de ~10.0 m, ~16.4 m, and ~6.6 m, respectivamente. ASTER GDEM2 data has a vertical accuracy of ±15–20 m, depending on the region’s environmental situation (Thomas et al.2014). Keywords: accuracy; alos; aster; aw3d30; data; dems; digital; elevation; fergana; gdem2; geoid; global; gps; journal; models; srtm30; uzbekistan; vertical
• An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data by Tunalioglu, Nursu; Altuntas, Cemali (2022) - The behavior of the signals of the GNSS satellites, which acts as high-flying fixed points at 15An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data an average altitude of 20200 km, is influenced during the propagation in the various layers of the atmosphere (delay in the signals in the ionosphere and troposphere). To detect the effective reflector heights on the site using GPS SNR data, a decrement as 10 cm assuming a vertical displacement occurred as an effect of changing the vertical distance was applied to both reflectors established on the stations. Keywords: chc; data; elevation; elk1; elk2; gps; height; larson; multipath; reflector; satellite; signal; snow; snr; topcon
• A Modelling Study by Factorial Design on GNSS Positioning by Ilci, Veli; Sisman, Yasemin (2022) - The main results of the study can be summurazed as follows; • R2 values were satisfactory (98.56% for CORS horizontal, 92.91% for CORS vertical positioning errors). • Season (X1) and Season*DOP (X1*X3) effects of factors were insignificant on CORS vertical positioning errors at the 5% level. Keywords: cors; data; design; effects; errors; factorial; factors; gnss; gps; horizontal; levels; positioning; study; vertical

• Self-potential signals caused by eruptions of the Galeras volcano – Colombia by Greinwald, S.; Ortega, A.; Rugeles, A.; Ips, M., v. Seth (2007) - Desde finales de 1998, la estación del multiparamétrica del Galeras (EMG) incluye el monitoreamiento continuo de las variaciones electromagnéticas. Since the end of 1998 the Multi-parameter Station at Galeras (Estación Multiparámetro del Galeras – EMG) in- cludes the continuous monitoring of electromagnetic variations. Keywords: activity; component; galeras; july; seismic; signals; station

• ENSO MODULATIONS ON STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS by Marti, Ali Ihsan; Yerdelen, Cahit; Kahya, Ercan (2010) - In the same context, Karabörk and Kahya (2003) speculated that the occurrence of ENSO signals resulted from the interac- tions between ENSO events and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as NAO has direct impacts on Turkish precipitation and streamflow patterns. For streamflow variable, Dettinger et al. (2000) studied multi-scale streamflow variability in relation to ENSO events using over 700 stations worldwide. Keywords: + �; enso; kahya; original; scenario; series; stations; streamflow; � �

• Using conodont elements to distinguish Permian-Triassic boundary disconformity near Haftad Gholleh, central Iran by Yousefirad, Mostafa (2013) - Pachycladina oblique (Staesch), posterior view, X90, early Triassic (early Triassic) - 1 Sweetognathus whitei (Rhodes), lateral view, X80, middle Permian (Guadalupian) - 2 Hindeodella nevadensis (Muller), lateral view, X80, early Triassic (early Triassic) - 3 Hindeodus minutes (Ellison), lateral view, X80, upper Permian - 4 Hindeodella multihamata (Huckriede), lateral view, X95, middle Triassic (Anisian) - 5 Chirognathus sp., lateral view, X80, early Triassic (Scythian) - 6 Neostreptognathodus pequopensis (Behnken), outer view, X80, upper Permian - 7 Ligonodina triassica (Muller), lateral view, X80, early Triassic (early Triassic) - 8 Enantiognathus bitortus (Bender), outer view, X120, early Triassic (early Triassic) - 9 - 10 Hindeodella triassica (Muller), lateral view, X80, middle Permian - lower Triassic - 11 Hindeodus excavatus (Behnken), lateral view, X150, middle Permian (Guadalupian) - 12 Streptognathus barskovi (Kozur), lateral view, X80, middle-upper Per- mian - 13 Xaniognathus sp., lateral view, X80, lower Triassic - 14 Prioniodella prioniodellides (Tatge), lateral view, X120, middle Triassic (Anisian) - 15 Lonchodina nevadensis (Muller), lateral view, X110, early Triassic (early Triassic) - 16 Merrillina divergens (Bender & Stopple), lateral view, X80, (Guada- lupian) - 17 Parachirognathus geiseri (Clarck), lateral view, X95, (early Triassic - Anisian) - 18 Ellisonia triassica (Muller), lateral view, X80, early Triassic (early Trias- sic). Studied section near Haftad Gholleh Using conodont elements to distinguish Permian Triassic boundary disconformity near Haftad Gholleh, central Iran Figure 4. Keywords: biozone; boundary; conodont; hindeodella; iran; permian; triassic; view

• Virtual Display System of Geological Body Based on Key Algorithms of Three-dimensional Modelling by Feng, Wei (2019) - However, due to the late start of three-dimensional geological modelling technology in China, the lack of geological data, and the complexity, fuzziness and uncertainty of geological spatial distribution and structure, it is difficult to study three- dimensional geological modelling and visualization (Zhao, Wang, & Martinez, 2018). It is necessary to obtain borehole data, distribution data of boreholes and strata, and the description of the global bottom, which lays a theoretical foundation for the follow-up study of geological virtual display system. Keywords: algorithm; body; data; display; information; modelling; ontology; system; technology; virtual

• First Latin American Congress of Seismology by Geofísica, Colombiana (2011) - Tupe sizes for camera-ready papers Appearance Regular Bold Italic Section titles, tables, table 80r 9 names a, figure captions, text subscripts and supers- cripts,references, footnotes 9 Abstract Abstract Authors' affliations, main 10 text, equations, first letter in Subheading section titles a, first letter in table names a 12 Authors' names 14 Title of Paper PaperTitle ------, a capital letters GEOFlslCA COLOMBIANA, 7, OICIEMBRE OE 2003 FIRST LATIN AMERICAN CONGRESS OF SEISMOLOGY Nazca Earthquake Camacho Record Instituto Geofisico del Peru 0.00 r---,------,-----,------,---r---,----,------..,.------, 0.20 +-----+---1-- 0,00 . Figure captions should be below the figures; table names and table captions should be above the tables. Keywords: american; congress; seismology; tables; text; use; word

• Enhancing time resolution by stabilized inverse filter and Q estimated on instantaneous spectra by Montes, Luis Alfredo; Corrales, Álvaro; Cabrera, Francisco (2014) - MP, windowed Fourier (WF), and Gabor transforms (GT) were tested on synthetic seismograms providing Q values that indicated the best performance of MP. Applied to a migrated offshore Colombian seismic line, the entire procedure coded in Matlab compensated for the energy losses and increased the S/N ratio. Next, Q values were estimated at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.5 seconds in the migrated section, and in order to consider the Q lateral changes it was estimated in positions separated forty CDPs. Keywords: attenuation; figure; frequency; inverse; spectra; spectrum

• The Modified Quasi-geostrophic Barotropic Models Based on Unsteady Topography by Zhao, Baojun; Sun, Wenjin; Zhan, Tianming (2017) - λ ~ 10 magnitude Large-scale atmospheric motion of large topography is suitable for such conditions (L ~ 106 m, U ~ 10m/s, f 0 ~ 10-4 s -1 ). Yang (2011,2012) and Song (2012, 2013) discussed topography changes over time discussed topography changes over time t, the influence of the nonlinear long wave amplitude and waveform. Keywords: barotropic; eqs; equation; journal; models; scale; topography

• GEOLOGY OF THE FLORENCIA GOLD – TELLURIDE DEPOSIT (CAMAGÜEY, CUBA) AND SOME METALLURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS by López K, Jesús M.; Moreira, Jesús; Gandarillas, José (2006) - The principle aim of this study was to determine the mineral assemblage of gold ore deposits and the way in which precious gold and silver elements occur. Valuable information is provided for the exploration, mining and processing of gold ores from other nearby deposits with similar characteristics. Keywords: camagüey; cuba; deposit; florencia; gold; mineral; silver; south; telluride

• Quaternary dating by electron spin resonance (ESR) applied to human tooth enamel by Carvajal, Eduar; Montes, Luis; Almanza, Ovidio A. (2011) - El esmalte dental fue irradiado con rayos gamma y los radicales libres producidos fueron medidos usando un espectrómetro de resonancia del spin electrónico (ESR), banda X, con el fin de realizar una curva de intensidad de la señal versus la dosis absor- bida por el esmalte. (1) Quaternary dating by electron spin resonance (ESR) applied to human tooth enamel 117 Keywords: age; dating; dose; electron; enamel; esr; radiation; resonance; sample; spin; tooth
• Quaternary dating by electron spin resonance (ESR) applied to human tooth enamel by Carvajal, Eduar; Montes, Luis; Almanza, Ovidio A. (2011) - El ajuste de esta curva permitió obtener la dosis media arque- ológica acumulada en el esmalte (DA), durante el periodo de enterramiento de la muestra. (1) Quaternary dating by electron spin resonance (ESR) applied to human tooth enamel 117 Keywords: age; dating; dose; electron; enamel; esr; radiation; resonance; sample; spin; tooth

• CRS SEISMIC PROCESSING OF A GEOLOGICAL COMPLEX AREA by Jiménez, Eduardo; Vargas, Carlos A.; Montes, Luis A. (2009) - Comparing the figures 9a and 9b the random noise level is reduced from 27.8% in NMO image to 17.9 % in CRS image. A second fault inferred from seismic section, allows the ele- vation of basement over the footwall block below the fault. Keywords: crs; figure; nmo; section; vol; � �

• Letter from the Editor by Vargas, Carlos (2012) - Four pieces of geochemical work, one of them related to the effects of runoff from a coal mine in Iran and the other three related to the environmental characterisation of several Mesozoic and Palaeo- zoic formations in Nigeria and Cameroon, emphasise new geological knowledge emerging from Asia and Africa. On a different matter, I would like to take this opportunity to invite the geoscientific community to participate in two interesting events to be held in Colombia during 2013: - The 14th Colombian Congress of Geology to be held in Bogota (July 31st to August 2nd 2013) will offer an appropriate scenario for presenting and discussing recent results regarding knowled- ge of Colombian geology, associated with this traditional meeting, will be held the Simposio de Exploradores, that will allow to identify new exploration horizons in O&G and mining in Latin America and Caribbean. Keywords: events; society

• Research on Test-bench for Sonic Logging Tool by Liu, Xianping; Ju, Xiaodong; Qiao, Wenxiao; Lu, Junqiang; Men, Baiyong; Zhang, Kai; Yao, Yongchao (2016) - resistivity Scanning Imaging Logging Tool (Yang et al., 2012), and have successfully applied to the test and calibration of tool modules and subs. The analog signal generated by the DAC is provided to corresponding test module after the processing of filtering and impedance matching. Keywords: board; controlling; data; interface; logging; software; test; tool

• OSSODAS, A PORTABLE DIGITAL SYSTEM FOR SEISMOLOGICAL SIGNAL ACQUISITION by Riascos, Pedro; Racines, Andres; Caicedo, Jhon; Mejia, Jorge; Meyer, Hans (2004) - In brief, we n for seismological esents significant and countries with thquake monitoring, in acquiring, and al systems. System description The digital acquisition system has been provided with six analog input channels available for instrumentation, which can be connected to two sensors (i.e., a tri-axial seismometer or 3- components accelerometer). Keywords: acquisition; data; digital; linux; ossodas; signal; system

• X-ray color maps of the zoned garnets from Silgará Formation metamorphic rocks,SantanderMassif, Eastern Cordillera (Colombia) by Ríos R, Carlos Alberto; Castellanos A., Oscar Mauricio; Takasu, Akira (2010) - The qualitative line scan through the interior of the grain suggests that zoning in Ca is smooth whatever the process that formed this zoning pattern, the consequences for garnet zoning were mild. However, garnet zoning may have been influenced not only by metamorphic processes but also by deformation. Keywords: chemical; core; dissolution; garnet; growth; mol%; rim; ríos; santander; zoning

• USING THE KARHUNEN-LOÈVE TRANSFORM TO SUPPRESS GROUND ROLL IN SEISMIC DATA by Gómez Londoño, Ernesto; Castillo López, Luís; Kazmierczak, Thaís de Souza (2005) - The conventional filtering techniques: f-k, High-Pass and BandPass are applied in the frequency domain but in the case of Ground Roll amplitude stronger than reflection signals, f-k filters cause serious distortion of the signal (Karsh and Bayrak, 2004). e-mail: luis.castillo@ufrgs.br; e-mail: thais.kazmierczak@ufrgs.br RESUMEN En este estudio se implementó y modificó el Algoritmo de Sacchi (2002), basado en la Transformada Karhunen-Loève (K-L), como una técnica para la supresión de Ground Roll, mostrando que aunque Keywords: amplitude; data; figure; filter; gather; ground; roll; transform

• Reflexions on multidisciplinarity and geologic risk management in Cuba by Galbán Rodríguez, Liber; Vidaud Quintana, Ingrid N.; Chuy Rodríguez, Tomás Jacinto; Ruiz Ruiz, José María; Calderín Mestre, Francisco; Alvarez Deulofeu, Eduardo Rafael (2011) - Multidisciplinarity in environmental management and therefore in geological risk management has a close relationship with decision theory which has been studied extensively in the fi eld of economics and engineer- ing science. As in economics, agriculture, industrial engineering and social sciences, decision theory is a necessary tool in geological science applications, particularly in geological risk management regarding construction and infrastructure where specialists from diff erent institutions are involved, including con- struction, architectural design, projects, scientifi c institutions specialising in implementing geological projects, geotechnical studies, physical plan- ning and government. Keywords: construction; cuba; engineering; infrastructure; management; measures; national; project; risk; risk management; rodríguez; specialists; work

• CONTRIBUTION TO EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL SEISMICITY EFFECT ON BUILDINGS - CASE STUDY by Lednická, Markéta; Luňáčková, Barbara; Kaláb, Zdeněk; Hrubešová, Eva; Kořínek, Robert (2006) - ���������� �� �������� ����� �������� ����� ��� �������� ����� ��� � �������� ����� ��� ��� ���� �������� �������� ���������� �� �������� ����� ���������� �� �������� ����� ��� �� ����� �� �������� ���� ����� �������� ���������� �� �������� ����� �������� ����� ��� ��� ���� �������� �������� ���������� �� �������� ����� ������� ������� �������� ������ ��� ���������� ���� �� �������� Figure 2. © 2006 ESRJ - Unibiblos 9 Contribution to evaluation of technical seismicity effect on buildings - Case study �������� ����� �� ���� �� �������� �������� ����� �� ������� ������� �������� ����� �� ��������� ��� ���������� ��������� �������� �� ������� ������� ��������� ������� ������� ����� �� ����� ������� ��������� �������� �� ����� ������� ��������� �������� �� ����� ������� � ��������� ������� ������� ����� ������� �������� �� ��������� �������� �� ������� �������� ��������� Three input themes will be included into our methodology for elaboration of maps of clashes of opinions in the topic presented here – seismic loading of buildings and structures in a given region: 1) selected region, 2) seismic loadings, and 3) building objects. Keywords: buildings; loading; povrchov �; seismicity; structures; study �; vod �; � ch; � figure; � places; � �

• Assessment of the use of tropical peats as local alternative materials for the adsorption of Pb, Zn and Cd: An equilibrium study by Raimondi, Isabela Monici; Rodrigues, Valéria Guimarães; Lima, Jacqueline Zanin; Marques, Jéssica Pelinsom; Vaz, Luiz Augusto Artimonti; Vieira, Eny Maria (2021) - org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.129 Bencheikh-Lehocine, M. (1989) Zinc removal using peat adsorption. DOI: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160910 Frizzo, S. M. B., da Silva, M. C. M. & Foelkel, C. E. B. (1996). Keywords: adsorption; brazil; cd2; doi; et al; ions; isotherm; kg-1; langmuir; materials; metal; pb2; peat; peat c; peat la; removal; study; são; zn2

• Determining Optimal Polypropylene Fiber Dosages In Sprayed Concrete For Mining And Civil Engineering Applications by Kahraman, Bayram (2015) - Peak load and energy absorption of test samples When the effect of PF in a mixture is discussed, the tests show us increasing of PF dosage have a positive effect on energy absorption of shotcrete lining. According to the achieved results, by the increasing of PF dosage a linear rise of energy absorption of shotcrete linings is observed. Keywords: absorption; cost; energy; load; shotcrete

• Tracing the source of heavy metal pollution in water sources of Tourist Attractions Based on GIS remote sensing by Mo, Jianghong ; Tian, Xinling ; Shen, Wei (2021) - Locate the source of heavy metal pollution in water sources In order to trace the sources of heavy metal pollution in water sources of scenic spots more quickly and conveniently, it is necessary to calibrate the data of heavy metal pollution sources in water sources of scenic spots on the basis of the compilation of watershed geographic information. Tracing of heavy metal sources and mobility in a soil depth profile via isotopic variation of Pb and Sr. Catena, 171, 440-449. Keywords: attractions; coefficient; concentration; diffusion; direction; metal pollutants; metal pollution; metals; migration; pollutants; pollution source; sources; tourist; tracing; variation; water source

• ATTENUATION OF DIFFRACTED MULTIPLES WITH AN APEX-SHIFTED TANGENT-SQUARED RADON TRANSFORM IN IMAGE SPACE by Alvarez, Gabriel; Biondi, Biondo; Guitton, Antoine (2006) - Simple ray tracing modeling shows that out- of-plane multiples map into events with shifted apexes such as 2D diffracted multiples, and different reflection azimuth than the primaries. antoine@sep.stanford.edu ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a method to attenuate diffracted multiples with an apex-shifted tangent- squared Radon transform in angle domain common image gathers (ADCIG) . Keywords: apex; figure; multiples; radon; space; transform

• Titaniferous magnetite and barite from the San Gregorio de Polanco dike swarm, Paraná Magmatic Province, Uruguay by Muzio, Rossana; Scaglia, Fernando; Masquelin, Henri (2013) - The intrusive rocks resulting from mafic dike swarms and sills are known as the Cuaró Formation (Preciozzi et al., 1985), and they can be grouped according to their three main areas of occurrence: Melo, Tacuarembó and San Gregorio de Polanco. Good exposures are infrequent and occur mainly near the village of San Gregorio de Polanco (Figure 1c). Keywords: barite; crystallization; crystals; dikes; eds; et al; figure; magmatic; magnetite; masquelin; paraná; plagioclase; population; province; uruguay

• SLOWNESS SURFACE CALCULATION FOR DIFFERENT MEDIA USING THE SYMBOLIC MATHEMATICS LANGUAGE MAPLE® by Piedrahita, Carlos; Piedrahita, Carlos; Salinas, Trino; Altamar, Hernando; Pachano, Karen (2004) - Stiffness matrix for sandstone (Thomsen, 2000) CONCLUSIONS The theoretical study of anisotropic media is important for studying the effect of different type of media on wave propagation. C[3,4]:=C34: C[3,5]:=C35: C[3,6]:=C36: C[4,4]:=C44: C[4,5]:=C45: C[4,6]:=C46: C[5,5]:=C55: C[5,6]:=C56: C[6,6]:=C66: evalm(C); Ray director cosines matrix > L:=Matrix(6,3): L[1,1]:=l[1]: L[2,2]:=l[2]: L[3,3]:=l[3]: L[4,2]:=l[3]: L[4,3]:=l[2]: L[5,1]:=l[3]: L[5,3]:=l[1]: L[6,1]:=l[2]: L[6,2]:=l[1]: evalm(L); Christoffel Matrix > GAMMA:=Transpose(L).C.L; Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors The elastic constants should be declared according to the chosen anisotropy case: consts:=C11=16.57*10^10,C12=6.39*10^10,C44 =7.956*10^10,rho=2332: (Cubic anisotropy) > consts:=C11=3.46E10,C13=1.07E10,C33 =2.84E10,C44=8.36E9,C66=1.26E10,rho=2500: (VTI elastic constants) >dir_l:=l[1]=sin(theta),l[2]=0,l[3]=cos(theta): >Ch:=CharacteristicMatrix(subs(dir_l,GAMMA), k); > d:=Determinant(Ch); > factor(d); > K:=[solve(d,k)]; > map(simplify,%,trig); > A:=subs(k=K[3],Ch); > A:=map(simplify,subs(k=K[3],Ch),trig); > solve({A[1,1]*u1+A[1,2]*u2=0},{u1}); > simplify(%,trig); > solve({A[2,1]*u1+A[2,2]*u2=0},{u1}); > simplify(%,trig); > Rank(A); > eg:=map(simplify,ColumnSpace(A)); > plot([subs(consts,dir_l,sqrt(rho/K[1])),subs(consts ,dir_l,sqrt(rho/K[2])),subs(consts,dir_l,sqrt(rho/K Keywords: dir_l; matrix; slowness

• METHODOLOGY IMPLEMENTED FOR THE 3D-SEISMIC MODELLING USING GOCAD AND NORSAR 3D SOFTWARE APPLIED TO COMPLEX AREAS IN THE LLANOS FOOTHILLS by Piedrahita, Carlos; Montaña, Clara L. (2007) - CONCLUSIONS Seismic modeling using the methodology described is an excellent tool for the validation of the 2D or 3D seismic designs and it is adequate to use it on complex areas, as the Colombian Llanos foothills. ABSTRACT A methodology has been applied in order to use seismic modeling and generate synthetic data which are compared with results from field data. Keywords: data; figure; gocad; methodology; modeling; norsar; software

• IMPROVING VERTICAL AND LATERAL RESOLUTION BY STRETCH-FREE, HORIZON-ORIENTED IMAGING by Pérez, Gabriel; Marfurt, Kurt (2006) - In the interest of maximi- zing the science with a reasonable computational effort, pre-stack time migration has been used as the preferred imaging method. The central sample is migra- ted to the “exact” position in the output and, for time migration; surrounding samples are migra- ted to positions in which the difference in time with respect to the central migrated sample are preserved. Keywords: data; horizon; migration; offset; stretch; target
• Migration of local earthquakes in the Gulf of Aqaba, North Red Sea by Al-Arifi, Nassir; Lashin, Aref; Al-Humidan, Saad (2012) - Epicentral distributions of earthquakes (MD>3 5) for two sequences Where A is the 1993 sequence and B is the 1995 sequence Small and large arrows indicate the direction of the minimum and maximum compressive stresses respectively, according to small scale structures study (Reches 1987), and focal mechanism study (Al-Arifi 1996) figure 4. (a) Shows the local migration of strong aftershocks of the 1993 sequence in the Gulf of Aqaba (b) Shows profiles for jumping of strong aftershocks of the 1993 Gulf of Aqaba sequence The arrows indicate the direction of the local mi- gration and jumping est aftershock) The aftershocks moved northward Figure 4 shows strong aftershocks’ local migration regarding the 1993 sequence On the same day in which the mainshock occurred, activity was concentrated in the north between 28 70-28 85° N and 34 75-34 9° E where two strong aftershocks (Md 5 6 and 4 9) occurred 80 days after the mainshock the activity moved northwards again where another strong aftershock occurred at 29 0°N and 34 83°E Activity leaped to the south- west (still north of the mainshock) on the 3rd of November 1993 with another strong shock that occurred at 28 62°N and 34 6°E; activity then moved northwards where the last strong aftershock occurred on the 4th of December 1993 at 28 86°N and 34 41°E Figure 4 shows that the 1993 focal depth started with more than 10 km for foreshocks, no foreshock having less than 10 km depth The mainshock had the depth of 15 km and then the depth reduced with time from 11-12 km for the first two strong aftershocks until the last strong aftershock was at a depth of 2 km The 1995 sequence was similar, aftershock focal depth becoming reduced as time elapsed Such ‘jumping’ could be explained by earthquakes migrating northwards into an area where all seismicity was shal- lower than in the south of the Gulf As regards 1995 sequence local migra- tion it was difficult to determine a specific direction for a strong aftershock (even though the aftershocks generally moved northwards) results The focal mechanism solution for the mainshocks and the largest aftershocks for both sequences (1993 and 1995, Figure 5) included the flowing: 1) Keywords: aftershock; aqaba; figure; gulf; mainshock; migration; sequence

• Characterization of Band-E Narges magnetite iron ore for mineral processing by Pazoki, Amir; Rashidi-Khabir, Reza; Jahanian, Reza; Pourbahaadini, Ali (2018) - Use of floatation on magnetic separation concentrate Since after three stages of magnetic separation, the sulfur content was 1.08%, the concentrate was subjecting to a next grounding with 147Characterization Of Band-E Narges Magnetite Iron Ore for Mineral Processing Table 2. Magnetic separation and flotation methods for upgrading magnetite iron ore were carried out in different experimental conditions with varied parameters. Keywords: content; floatation; grade; iron; micron; separation; sulfur

• Life on Mars (LoMars): History, advances, current research, and perspectives by Ali, Arshad; Shahid, Muhammad S.; Jabeen, Iffat; El-Ghali, Mohamed A.K. (2022) - Thus far, the USA has dominated in the number of citations and collaborations related to Mars research, given its facilities equipped with relevant infrastructure and researchers’ capacity to explore the Solar System beyond Earth. With the exciting current and future developments in Mars research and prospects of human habitability on Mars, it is vital to evaluate the history and impact of the research on LoMars using statistical (i.e., bibliometric) methods. Keywords: articles; authors; citations; figure; journal; life; lomars; mars; nasa; number; publications; research; rover; science; space

• Morphological characterization of karst geodiversity in Municipality of Archidona (Ecuador), Napo Sumaco Aspiring UNESCO Global Geopark by Sánchez-Cortez, José Luis; Vélez-Macías, Kathleen; Simbaña-Tasiguano , Marco; Rodríguez-Calvopiña , Mariela; Fuentes-Campuzano, Oswaldo; Freire-Guerrero , Carolina (2024) - J. Vol. 28, No. 3 (September, 2024): 305 - 323 G EO M O R PH O LO G Y Morphological characterization of karst geodiversity in Municipality of Archidona (Ecuador), Napo Sumaco Aspiring UNESCO Morphological characterization of karst geodiversity in Municipality of Archidona (Ecuador), Napo Sumaco Aspiring UNESCO Keywords: al e; archidona; e d; geodiversity; geopark; karst; morphologies; napo; sc al; sumaco; unesco

• Letter from editor by Vargas J., Carlos A. (2014) - This 2014 has been full of challenges moving us to find the best ways to present new manuscripts. J. Vol. 18, No. 1 (June, 2014): 74 Letter from editor Welcome to Earth Sciences Research Journal, Volume 18, Number 1. Keywords: sciences; study

• Influence of metal roadway supports on transient electromagnetic detection in mines by Liu, Yaoning; Liu, Shucai; Li, Maofei; Liu, Xinming; Guo, Weihong (2021) - The presence of a thin metal layer slowed the transient field diffusion rate and hindered the overall diffusion of transient electromagnetic fields. Direct time-domain numerical analysis of transient electromagnetic fields. Keywords: electromagnetic; j j; metal; support; transient

• Rigorous spherical bearing with Soldner coordinates and azimuth angles on sphere by Bektaş, Sebahattin (2022) - After the relationship between azimuth, bearing angle and meridian convergence is given, direct azimuth angle determination with geographical coordinates, then direct bearing angle determination with Soldner coordinates will be discussed. As it is known, the di- rections of the edges are shown with azimuth angles in the geographic coordinate system and the bearing angles in the Soldner coordinate system. Keywords: 2.arctan; angle; azimuth; bearing; coordinates; formulas; meridian; soldner

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-25