





































Ecclesial Futures
2024 – Volume 5 – Issue 2

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B O O K  R E V I E W

Antonio-del Castillo, Fides, and Raymund 
B. Habaradas. 2024. Basic Ecclesial 
Communities in the Philippines: Histories 
and Stories of a Pilgrim Church
Manila: Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines
ISBN: 978-971-8915-71-4

Reviewed by Lemuel A. Asuncion

This is the first locally published compendium of historical narratives of Basic Ecclesial 
Communities (BECs) at a national scale and is a fruit of the 2021 Local History Writing 
Workshop for Lay Volunteers in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao to Prepare Diocesan 
Accounts for BECs. It is the outcome of several years of collaborative research under-
taken by De La Salle University (DLSU) and the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the 
Philippines (CBCP) Committee on Basic Ecclesial Communities, through the support 
of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Lumina Founda-
tion for Integral and Human Development. This landmark work compiles stories of 
the beginnings and ongoing journeys of 32 dioceses across the archipelago as told by 
local BEC leaders and representatives in English and different Philippine languages 
(Cebuano, Ilocano and Tagalog). It is significant not only as the first publication of 
its kind after 50 years of BEC existence in the Philippines, but also for engendering 
a culture of scholarship in this particular ecclesiology which is very much needed at 
present.

Aimed at “provid[ing] the communities with a better understanding of the unique 
experiences of BECs”, the book begins with an introductory chapter by Monsignor 
Manuel G. Gabriel, the Executive Secretary of the CBP Commission on Basic Eccle-
sial Communities. To set the tone of the entire book, he recognizes the local BEC 
leaders as “Storytellers” and points out how each narrative “unveils the message of 
the Kerygma”. He then proceeds to give an extensive history of BEC from the biblical 
period until the Fourth CBCP-BEC National Pastoral Assembly in 2019, the same year 
when five decades of BEC presence in the Philippines were celebrated. The subsec-
tions that follow highlight the challenges that BEC faced, a listing of the theological 

DOI: 10.54195/ef19656



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reflections, write-ups, research, studies, and theological inputs by prominent clergy 
and lay scholars, and the four thrusts of the ecclesial communities toward the future.

Following the introduction is a summary at national level provided by Jonathan 
James O. Cañete. This section reiterates what Fr Amado Picardal identified as the 
origins of BEC, placing emphasis on how it started at the grassroots as a response 
to the call of the Second Vatican Council for the renewal of the Church rather than 
developing from liberation theology itself. It also lays, as a foundation for the 
succeeding sections, the Seven Pillars of BEC Culture (Awareness as Renewed Chris-
tians, Communion or Koinonia, Word of God or Kerygma and Catechesis, Prayer and 
the Eucharist or Leitourgia, Social Action or Diakonia, Option for the Poor, and Partic-
ipative Membership and Servant Leadership) as a guiding framework for assessing 
the implementation of these ecclesial communities. The section further introduces 
the regional summaries wherein readers will be able to grasp the identities of the 
BECs in the local language; Munting Sambayanang Kristiyano (MSK) for Luzon, Gagma-
yang Kristohanong Katilingban (GKK) for Visayas, and Kristohanong Kasilingan (KRISKA) 
for Mindanao.

The book is then divided into three sections representing Luzon, Visayas and 
Mindanao, the main island groups of the country which are loosely referred to as 
“regions”. Regional summaries serve as introductions for each of these sections. 
These were written by Jonathan James O. Cañete, Samantha Julia V. Ubiadas and 
Leonardo O. Quimson, Jr. There is more extensive coverage of the regional history 
not only of the BECs but also of the Catholic Church itself, followed by a summary of 
the narratives according to the seven pillars. Although the three regional summaries 
are similar, their conclusions were written differently.

The narratives, titled according to the name of the diocese, succeed the regional 
summaries. There are fourteen narratives from Luzon, ten from Visayas and eight 
from Mindanao. The presentation of each narrative varies from one diocese to 
another. Most begin with the history of the diocese and its geographic description, 
followed by a list (and/or sometimes a directory) of its vicariates and parishes. Several 
dioceses would further present the organizational structure of their BEC through a 
list of its ministries under the diocesan, parish and chapel community levels. This 
is usually followed by the enumeration of the religious formation, human forma-
tion, and socio-economic or social development activities which are implemented, 
with some narratives even reporting the rate of participation. Several dioceses also 
detailed their recruitment processes. Some narratives include a brief background 
of pertinent social issues or historical events such as martial law, which had a major 
impact on the BECs. One narrative includes frequency tables of survey data, while 



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another describes its system for recognizing outstanding BECs, parishes, chapels 
and clusters. Many of the dioceses dedicate a section of their narrative to the issues 
and challenges that they encountered or continue to face as well as the responses, 
solutions and interventions they implemented in the past or plan to undertake in 
the future. While only a few narratives include a concluding section, these also vary 
in content. Some present a synthesis of their narrative while others share their real-
izations and future directions, not only of the BEC but also of the diocese itself. One 
diocese ended with a list of its parishes, detailing its year of establishment, titular 
and feast day. Considering all these, each narrative is therefore a witnessing of the 
continuous renewal of the Church at the grassroots.

Although not meant as a reference text, the book substantially presents the concept 
of BEC from a historical point of view while providing numerous examples of how 
it is today. The strength of the book lies in the culturally rich storytelling of the BEC 
founders and local organizers. The diverse narratives offer a glimpse into the land-
scapes in which the ecclesial communities sprang to life and provide the readers 
with firsthand accounts of how the lay communities, with the guidance and support 
of the local clergy, responded to the calls and subsequent challenges of the Church, 
highlighting the interplay between tradition and innovation, and flavoured by each 
diocese’s ecclesial and political culture. To a certain extent, there are also some chal-
lenges with regard to not having a uniform approach in storytelling. A number of 
narratives, for example, are written in Philippine languages that may not be compre-
hensible to some readers, especially when translations are not provided. Further-
more, the lack of a basic content outline across the narratives makes it difficult to 
compare information depending on one’s need. Considering that the local BECs 
trace their beginnings in Mindanao, it would be good to have more narratives from 
this region to provide more historical and sociocultural depth.

As a Lasallian educator myself, I believe in the intrinsic value of community as a privi-
leged space to encounter God in and through others. BECs are described as “primary 
classrooms” where children learn socialization, emotional regulation and other 
necessary life skills. Hence, these ecclesial communities provide a natural context 
for children to learn these essential human skills in preparation for participation 
in school and their other relevant environments. BECs, are able to gather not only 
individuals but also families, which is a strength of Philippine dioceses that must be 
continued, nurtured and supported. Furthermore, BECs are regarded as “homes of 
synodality” because these promote the participation of the people through dialogue 
and collaboration. Synodality basically entails the People of God gathering and jour-
neying together. This also applies to how religious education is carried out in class-
rooms. If a class is reimagined as an ecclesial community, then religious education 



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becomes more than just a subject; it is now a gathering in the name of God and an 
opportunity to build Church.

The existence and continuous propagation of BECs in the country is an embodiment 
of the flourishing collective faith of Filipinos. This book, which is a testimony to the 
vitality of BECs in the past 50 years, is a very timely resource that recognizes and 
immortalizes these stories of beginnings, struggles, successes and visions. As a reli-
gious educator, I highly recommend this book to teachers, catechists, clergy and reli-
gious women and men, and the lay faithful in the local church communities; it is an 
indispensable reference for BEC, helping us to learn from the past, be grounded in 
the present and plan for the future of this “new way of being Church”.

About the Reviewer
Br. Lemuel A. Asuncion FSC is a member of the Institute of the Brothers of the 
Christian Schools, also known as the De La Salle Brothers. He teaches at the De La 
Salle University Senior High School in Manila and has a background in occupational 
therapy and health professions education. Contact: lemuel.asuncion@dlsu.edu.ph


