


































Economics, Law and Policy 
ISSN 2576-2060 (Print) ISSN 2576-2052 (Online) 

Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp 

 
 

126 

Original Paper 

The Impact of Tourism Policies on the Competitiveness of 

Tourist Destinations 

Weichen Ke
1
 

1
 The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia 

 

Received: May 10, 2024       Accepted: May 27, 2024       Online Published: May 29, 2024 

doi:10.22158/elp.v7n1p126                 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v7n1p126 

 

Abstract 

The tourism sector, as an integral component of the global economy, not only directly propels the 

economic growth of numerous countries and regions but also fosters cultural exchange and 

environmental preservation indirectly. On a global scale, the formulation and implementation of 

tourism policies have become pivotal factors in enhancing the competitiveness of tourist destinations. 

These policies not only effectively promote infrastructure development and the refinement of tourism 

products and services but also exert profound influences on environmental conservation, industry 

guidance, and talent cultivation. Increasingly, countries and regions recognize that scientifically 

formulated and balanced tourism policies represent an effective means to achieve sustainable 

economic growth and safeguard cultural heritage. The diversification and innovative implementation 

of tourism policies directly or indirectly impact the attractiveness and competitiveness of a destination, 

thus necessitating a comprehensive consideration of multiple factors in policy-making to achieve 

harmony and equilibrium. 

Keywords 

Tourism policy, economic growth, cultural heritage protection, sustainable development, policy 

balance 

 

1. Introduction 

The competitiveness of a tourist destination denotes its capacity to captivate tourists, provide travel 

services, meet their demands, and stand out in the market. It encompasses not only the unique allure of 

natural landscapes and cultural heritage but also various factors such as the completeness of tourism 

infrastructure, service quality, and marketing strategies. Tourism policies play an indispensable role in 

this process. Through diverse policy measures, governments and relevant entities can effectively 

enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of a tourist destination. Among these, policies regarding 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp              Economics, Law and Policy                  Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

127 

investment in and construction of tourism infrastructure lay the cornerstone. By improving 

transportation accessibility, enhancing tourist reception capacity, and fostering a secure tourism 

environment, they directly elevate the overall quality of the tourism experience. Furthermore, policy 

innovations in tourism products and services, including the introduction of distinctive activities, 

elevation of service standards, and reinforcement of tourist engagement, further enrich the tourism 

experience, encouraging repeat visits and sustained consumption. By implementing stringent 

environmental regulations and protective measures, natural landscapes, and cultural heritage are 

safeguarded from excessive development and degradation. Concurrently, policy guidance and support 

for the direction of tourism industry development, through means such as optimizing the industry chain 

and applying innovative technologies, enhance the overall competitiveness of the tourism sector. Lastly, 

policies concerning the cultivation and management of tourism talents can enhance the professionalism 

and comprehensive abilities of practitioners, thus providing tourists with a superior service experience. 

In conclusion, through an analysis of tourism policies, a comprehensive understanding of their 

multifaceted impacts on the competitiveness of tourist destinations can be attained, thereby offering 

theoretical foundations and practical references for formulating more scientific and feasible tourism 

policies. 

 

2. Theoretical Analysis of Tourism Destination Competitiveness 

2.1 Components of Tourism Destination Competitiveness 

The core constituents shaping the competitive edge of tourist destinations encompass a myriad of 

factors, including resource endowment, infrastructure, service excellence, innovation prowess, and 

brand image. Resource endowment, as the bedrock, encompasses natural landscapes and cultural 

heritage, endowing destinations with an unparalleled allure. Natural landscapes such as beaches, 

mountains, or lakes, as well as cultural heritage like historical edifices and traditional festivities, 

significantly enhance the quality of tourist experiences. The completeness of infrastructure influences 

the convenience of travel, encompassing the extent of transportation networks, the quality of 

accommodation and dining facilities, and the adequacy of public services, all directly impacting tourist 

experiences. The quality of service stands as a pivotal factor in sustaining and enhancing tourism 

experiences. The standardization, personalization, and professionalism of services directly affect visitor 

satisfaction and revisit intentions. The friendliness of service personnel, proficient tour guidance, and 

adept crisis management are pivotal indicators of service quality. Innovation prowess pertains to a 

destination’s ability to continually attract tourists, with novel tourism products, technological 

applications, and emerging interactive experiences serving as effective means to augment allure and 

competitiveness. Innovation not only caters to the increasingly diversified demands of tourists but also 

spawns new market trends, enhancing the destination’s market vitality. Brand image serves as the 

linchpin and outward manifestation connecting these elements (Ongan & Gozgor, 2018, pp. 308-316). 

A successful tourist destination brand effectively communicates unique cultural and natural charms, 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp              Economics, Law and Policy                  Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

128 

crafting a positive and captivating image. Brand cultivation involves positioning, promotion, and 

marketing. Successful brand management not only heightens visibility but also fosters psychological 

identification and loyalty, prompting visitors to share their experiences and thereby generating 

favorable word-of-mouth effects. The organic composition and complementary interactions of these 

elements collectively determine the competitive edge of a tourist destination; any deficiency or 

weakness in any aspect may constrain overall competitiveness. Hence, in the endeavor to enhance the 

competitive edge of tourist destinations, it is imperative to comprehensively consider the synergistic 

interplay of various elements, striving to forge a destination with robust allure and enduring vitality in 

the market. 

2.2 Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Tourism Destinations 

The competitiveness of tourist destinations can be simply construed as the ability of a locale to allure, 

offer unique travel experiences, and retain visitors. The factors influencing the competitiveness of 

tourist destinations are manifold, encompassing both tangible and intangible aspects. Primarily, the 

completeness of infrastructure in a tourist destination, including transportation, accommodation, 

attractions, and dining facilities, significantly impacts the visitor experience. Without convenient 

transportation, visitors struggle to reach their destination smoothly; lacking high-quality 

accommodation and dining services, their travel experience will fall short of expectations. Beyond 

infrastructure, cultural and natural resources constitute a vital part of a tourist destination’s allure. A 

place imbued with historical charm and natural splendor undoubtedly exerts immense appeal on 

visitors. The primary motive for visitors’ arrival is often to experience unique cultures and natural 

environments distinct from their daily lives, which cannot be replaced by artificial landscapes or 

commercial facilities. Therefore, tourist destinations need to unearth and preserve their unique 

resources to enable visitors to genuinely experience their distinctiveness. On the other hand, to enhance 

a destination’s competitiveness, policies formulated by local governments and tourism management 

authorities are crucial. Policy support and regulation can provide a favorable environment for the 

development of the tourism industry. For instance, increasing investment in tourism infrastructure 

construction, offering diversified tourism products, implementing reasonable ticket pricing strategies, 

and providing training for tourism practitioners. These measures can effectively enhance visitor 

satisfaction and further strengthen the destination's competitiveness (Thema, Suerkemper, Grace et al., 

2013, pp. 60656-60666). Equally important is the formulation and implementation of environmental 

protection policies, as only by adhering to the principles of sustainable development can the sustainable 

utilization of tourism resources be ensured, thereby achieving long-term tourism allure. Many 

successful tourist destinations also recognize the importance of marketing and promotion. In a modern 

interconnected society, promoting the unique resources and tourism products of tourist destinations 

through social media and the internet has become more convenient, attracting more potential tourists. 

However, excessive marketing can lead to the overconsumption of resources, thus requiring a balance 

between promotion and protection to be struck. In conclusion, good infrastructure, superior natural and 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp              Economics, Law and Policy                  Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

129 

cultural resources, reasonable policy support, and effective marketing strategies collectively constitute 

important factors influencing the competitiveness of tourist destinations. Only by comprehensively 

considering these aspects can truly enduring and competitively strong tourist destinations be developed. 

 

3. The Direct Impact of Tourism Policies on Competitiveness 

3.1 Policy Investment and Construction of Tourism Infrastructure 

The impact of tourism policies on the competitiveness of tourist destinations should not be 

underestimated, especially in terms of investment and construction of infrastructure. Clear policy 

guidance can significantly enhance the attractiveness and service capabilities of a destination. Specific 

measures include but are not limited to, the construction of more convenient transportation facilities, 

upgrading hardware equipment at tourist attractions, and improving daily services for tourists. These 

measures not only directly enhance the tourism experience but also indirectly promote local economic 

development. The construction of tourism transportation facilities directly improves the travel 

experience for tourists. Government policies encourage the construction of highways, airports, and 

ports, making it faster and more convenient for tourists to reach their destinations. These convenient 

transportation facilities not only serve tourists but also greatly improve the daily lives of local residents, 

thereby increasing the overall attractiveness of the tourist destination (Cunha & Cunha, 2005, p. 47). 

Upgrading hardware equipment at tourist attractions is also a focus of policy investment. Advanced 

communication equipment, comprehensive information guidance systems, and efficient emergency 

rescue facilities can provide tourists with a more secure and comfortable tourism experience. Imagine a 

natural scenic area with modern facilities that can respond quickly to weather conditions or 

emergencies; tourists naturally develop trust and longing for such a place. Such policy measures not 

only reflect the government’s attention to the tourism industry but also demonstrate the management 

level and service capabilities of a locality. Improving daily services for tourists is also an important 

aspect of enhancing the competitiveness of tourist destinations. From the establishment of tourist 

information service centers to the hiring of multilingual service personnel and the addition of 

convenient facilities such as public toilets and drinking water points, all reflect the government’s 

profound understanding of tourist needs. Continuous investment in policies often also stimulates 

follow-up investment from social capital, forming a virtuous cycle of infrastructure construction. 

Especially for some developing tourist destinations, the government’s early investment often sparks 

greater enthusiasm for social investment. Developers and operators, seeing the government’s strong 

infrastructure construction efforts, are more willing to invest funds in scenic area development and 

supporting facilities construction. Eventually, a complete tourism industry chain is formed, leading to 

the flourishing development of the entire region’s tourism industry. 

 

 

 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp              Economics, Law and Policy                  Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

130 

3.2 Policy Support for the Development and Improvement of Tourism Products and Services 

The formulation and implementation of tourism policies exert a direct and far-reaching influence on the 

development and enhancement of tourism products and services. Sound policies can attract capital 

investment, create more cultural and natural landscapes for tourism destinations, ensure the 

improvement of service quality, and thus enhance their competitiveness. On one hand, governments 

can encourage and support the development of new tourism products through policies, including 

funding assistance, tax incentives, and providing preferential loans to assist scenic spots or enterprises 

in product innovation. For instance, Hainan Province has attracted numerous investors to develop 

high-end resorts and international tourism projects through preferential policies, enriching the variety 

of tourism products and enhancing the overall tourism experience. Transitioning from past singular 

beach tours to diversified activities such as water sports and health tourism has attracted more domestic 

and foreign tourists. On the other hand, the impact of tourism policies also manifests in the 

enhancement of service quality. Policymakers can regulate the standards of the tourism service industry 

through legislation or administrative orders. For example, the implementation of the “Tourism Law” in 

China in 2016 clearly defines the standards and regulatory measures for tourism services, detailing the 

training and qualification certification of tourism practitioners, significantly improving the overall 

service level and tourist satisfaction. Similarly, the Spanish government introduced the “Tourism 

Excellence Plan” to improve the quality of tourism services, formulating a series of measures to ensure 

professionalism and high quality of service. The investment in infrastructure construction greatly 

improves the tourism experience, with well-developed road systems, convenient public transportation, 

and high-standard hotel and catering facilities being important factors attracting tourists. Japan, in its 

development process, vigorously promoted infrastructure construction such as the Shinkansen and 

airports through national policies, significantly reducing travel time between major cities, improving 

international service standards, and enabling tourists to explore its rich cultural and natural attractions 

more conveniently. In summary, tourism policies play a facilitating role in the development and 

improvement of tourism products and services, providing development impetus, improving product and 

service quality, and enhancing overall competitiveness for tourism destinations. Reasonable and 

effective policies not only directly drive the prosperity of the tourism economy but also promote 

comprehensive socio-economic development, laying a solid foundation for the long-term development 

of tourism destinations (Cheng, n.d.). 

3.3 Policy Support for Tourism Marketing and Promotion 

The endorsement of tourism policies in marketing and promotion stands as a pivotal facet in elevating 

the competitive edge of tourist destinations. Governmental measures, often orchestrated through fiscal 

support, tax incentives, and promotional subsidies, serve to invigorate the tourism market. Financial 

grants from the government amplify the promotional efforts of tourist attractions and service facilities. 

For instance, sponsoring large-scale tourism expos, participating in international tourism fairs, and 

orchestrating local-themed promotional events all contribute to acquiring a broader audience and 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp              Economics, Law and Policy                  Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

131 

enticing them to select a destination for their travels. Policy support effectively propels destination 

branding and optimizes market positioning. Governmental promotional strategies are frequently 

tailored to incorporate the locality’s unique historical, cultural, and natural landscapes into 

meticulously crafted promotional campaigns. For example, Thailand’s “Amazing Thailand” global 

campaign, propelled by governmental initiatives, disseminates the country’s scenic beauty, culinary 

delights, and cultural uniqueness worldwide through mediums such as films, TV dramas, and 

advertisements. Such policy-driven promotional endeavors significantly enhance Thailand’s 

recognition and reputation as a tourist destination in the international arena. Within marketing 

strategies, policy-guided collaborations between local enterprises and international tourism marketing 

platforms facilitate the effective dissemination of local tourism resources into the global market. Tax 

incentives and marketing subsidies lower the costs for tourism companies and platforms when 

promoting local tourism products, thereby fostering a greater willingness to invest resources in 

marketing endeavors. For instance, Italy’s implementation of the “Tourism Recovery Plan” during the 

pandemic easing period entailed substantial tax relief for tourism businesses and issuance of tourism 

vouchers for international visitors, which attracted a substantial influx of international tourists to 

reselect Italy as their destination of choice. Policy support for marketing also manifests in driving 

digital marketing initiatives. Governments, through technological guidance and financial assistance, 

promote the digitization of scenic spots and tourism services, constructing intelligent tourism platforms. 

These platforms integrate big data technology to analyze visitor preferences, optimize promotional 

strategies, and target advertisements accurately. Such technological dissemination enhances tourists’ 

travel experiences while bolstering the competitiveness of tourist destinations in the market. In 

formulating tourism policies, governments, through robust support for marketing and promotion, foster 

the shaping of destination images and the elevation of brands, thereby positioning destinations 

favorably in global competition. Optimized and rationalized tourism policies serve not only as 

short-term means to attract tourists but also as crucial drivers for the long-term enhancement of 

destination competitiveness (Costantini & Mazzanti, 2011, pp. 132-153). 

 

4. Indirect Impacts of Tourism Policies on Competitiveness 

4.1 Policy Protection and Improvement of the Tourism Environment 

The tourism policy plays a crucial role in enhancing the competitiveness of tourist destinations by 

safeguarding and enhancing the tourism environment. Policymakers strive to create a more appealing 

and sustainable tourism environment by implementing various environmental regulations and measures. 

This not only helps to preserve the beauty and purity of natural landscapes but also enhances tourists’ 

experiences and satisfaction, indirectly boosting the market competitiveness of tourist destinations. 

Taking ecotourism as an example, governments have enacted a series of policies to strictly control 

tourist numbers, limit development projects, and protect natural resources. For instance, in China’s 

Yellow Mountain scenic area, strict visitor management regulations have been implemented, specific 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp              Economics, Law and Policy                  Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

132 

hiking routes established, and complimentary eco-friendly bags provided to reduce environmental 

pollution from waste. These measures effectively preserve the natural scenery of Yellow Mountain, 

making it a sought-after tourist destination for domestic and international travelers, significantly 

enhancing its position and competitiveness in the global tourism market. Furthermore, by strictly 

regulating the discharge of pollutants such as wastewater and exhaust gases through policies, various 

tourist destinations can maintain the ecological balance of residents and tourists. In the Maldives, the 

government has enacted stringent regulations for water conservation, prohibiting hotels and resorts 

from discharging wastewater into the sea while mandating all tourist facilities to treat wastewater. This 

not only protects the fragile marine ecosystem of the Maldives but also allows tourists to appreciate the 

local commitment to environmental protection while enjoying the beautiful scenery, thereby enhancing 

their satisfaction. With policy support, many tourist destinations also actively promote ecological 

engineering and tourism infrastructure construction to enhance their attractiveness by improving the 

local ecological environment. These specific environmental policies and measures not only protect and 

improve the tourism environment in the short term but also provide guarantees for the long-term 

sustainable development of tourist destinations. By protecting and improving the tourism environment 

through policies, tourist destinations can enhance their uniqueness and appeal, establish a good brand 

image, and stand out in the fierce market competition (Hontou, Diakoulaki & Papagiannakis, 2007, pp. 

28-41). Such policy implementation is not only a respect for the environment but also a strategic 

consideration for the long-term development of the tourism industry, contributing to a win-win 

situation for economic benefits and ecological protection. 

4.2 Policy Guidance and Support for Tourism Industry Development 

Tourism policies can significantly guide and bolster the development of the tourism industry, thereby 

indirectly enhancing the overall competitiveness of tourist destinations. Government formulation and 

implementation of a series of tourism policies involve concrete actions beyond mere rhetoric, 

encompassing funding, resource allocation, and various public services. This is particularly crucial for 

destinations aspiring to stand out in the international tourism market. Tax incentives, as a policy tool, 

can greatly reduce the operating costs of enterprises in the tourism sector. For instance, some countries 

and regions provide tax exemptions for newly built hotels and tourist attractions, thereby attracting 

more investors to engage in the tourism industry and improving the quality of local tourism facilities 

and services. Furthermore, providing low-interest loans or direct financial subsidies helps small and 

medium-sized tourism enterprises overcome the initial difficulties and achieve sustainable development. 

Infrastructure development is also a crucial area of policy support. Government investment in 

improving transportation networks, renovating historical sites, and constructing modern tourism service 

centers directly enhances the convenience of travel and tourism experiences for visitors. For example, 

China’s Belt and Road Initiative not only significantly strengthens the infrastructure connectivity of 

countries along the route but also promotes cultural exchange and tourism cooperation, expanding the 

depth and breadth of the tourism market. Policies in public safety and health management can greatly 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp              Economics, Law and Policy                  Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

133 

enhance tourist confidence and attract more visitors. Governments can create a safe and comfortable 

tourism environment through strict health standards, security measures, and emergency rescue 

mechanisms. Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, many countries 

implemented stricter health control policies, such as pre-travel nucleic acid testing and post-arrival 

isolation measures, ensuring tourist safety and enhancing the competitiveness of tourist destinations 

during the pandemic. Brand promotion policies are also indispensable. For example, many countries 

and regions regularly showcase their local tourism resources at international tourism exhibitions to 

promote themselves. Government departments continuously enhance their global visibility and 

reputation in the tourism market through various cultural exchange activities, international tourism 

promotional videos, and invitations to foreign media and travel influencers to experience the 

destinations. For example, Japan has successfully attracted a large number of international tourists by 

implementing the “Cool Japan” strategy, where cultural export and tourism promotion go hand in hand. 

Talent training policies can provide support for the sustainable development of the tourism industry. 

Through the establishment of tourism colleges and professional training courses, the government has 

provided the industry with a large number of specialized and skilled personnel, which has improved 

service standards and management efficiency. In addition, the formulation of relevant talent admission 

policies has attracted top international tourism management talents and innovators, who bring with 

them new ideas and technologies that also promote the modernization and transformation of the 

destination tourism industry (Jin & Song, 2009, pp. 75-93). 

4.3 Impact of Policies on the Cultivation and Management of Tourism Talents 

Policies exert significant indirect influence on the cultivation and management of tourism talents, 

constituting a pivotal factor in enhancing the competitiveness of tourist destinations. The provision of 

high-quality tourism services relies heavily on proficient talents, with policies assuming a guiding and 

supportive role therein. For instance, certain national and regional governments enact preferential 

policies, subsidizing universities and vocational schools to establish courses in tourism-related 

disciplines, thereby elevating the overall caliber of tourism practitioners. Such policies not only afford 

students greater learning and practical opportunities but also directly propel the standardization and 

systematization of tourism education, thereby enhancing industry benchmarks. Specifically, some 

regions attract outstanding students aspiring to join the tourism industry through government 

scholarships, student loans, and tuition waivers. The implementation of these policy measures enables 

students to receive better vocational education and skills training, ultimately nurturing high-caliber 

tourism talents. Furthermore, governments actively promote collaboration between academia and 

industry, encouraging tourism enterprises to co-establish internship bases with universities to provide 

students with more practical opportunities, thereby amalgamating theory with practice and enhancing 

students’ practical skills. Beyond the realm of education, governments have also invested considerable 

effort in nurturing managerial talents in tourism. By regularly hosting training sessions, seminars, and 

exchange activities, they ensure that managers stay abreast of new industry demands by continually 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp              Economics, Law and Policy                  Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

134 

updating their knowledge and skills. Additionally, local governments often incentivize enterprises to 

recruit high-caliber managerial talents through the formulation and implementation of relevant policies, 

thereby enhancing the management standards of tourist destinations. For instance, Singapore has 

instituted a Tourism Manpower Development Strategy aimed at training and enhancing talents at all 

levels of the tourism industry, ensuring its sustained competitive advantage in the international market. 

Regarding the management of tourism talent, the impact of policies is equally pronounced. 

Standardized management systems enable industry practitioners to work in a fair and equitable 

professional environment. Governments also impose stricter standards and requirements on tourism 

enterprises, encouraging them to enhance service quality and safeguard the rights of practitioners. 

These measures not only contribute to boosting employee motivation and satisfaction but also enhance 

overall service quality, thereby bolstering the attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations. 

 

5. Conclusion 

Tourism policies play a multifaceted and crucial role in enhancing the competitiveness of tourist 

destinations. From investments and developments in infrastructure to innovation in products and 

services and precise targeting in marketing efforts, their direct impact is evident. However, more 

profound are the indirect effects of these policies, such as environmental protection, industry guidance, 

and talent development, which collectively shape a sustainable ecosystem for the tourism industry. 

Balancing economic growth with cultural heritage preservation and short-term gains with long-term 

development is a central challenge in formulating tourism policies. Effective tourism policies should 

not only focus on current tourism demands and market trends but also anticipate future development 

trends and potential challenges. Through systematic analysis and evaluation of the multidimensional 

impact of tourism policies on competitiveness, policymakers can find the optimal balance in practice. 

Taking environmental protection as an example, a destination that can consistently attract tourists must 

possess a favorable natural and cultural environment. Therefore, while tourism policies incentivize 

economic growth, they must strictly enforce environmental protection measures to ensure the 

sustainable utilization of tourism resources. In terms of industry guidance, policies need to stimulate 

tourism enterprises to innovate and optimize through reasonable incentive mechanisms and policy 

adjustments, enhancing the overall industry’s competitiveness. Regarding talent development, 

strengthening educational training and improving professional skills can enhance the quality of tourism 

services, thereby gaining the trust and favor of more tourists. In conclusion, a scientific, comprehensive, 

and innovative tourism policy is key to enhancing the competitiveness of tourist destinations. In the 

future formulation of tourism policies, greater emphasis should be placed on comprehensive 

considerations from multiple levels and perspectives to achieve a win-win situation for economic, 

cultural, and environmental benefits, ultimately creating tourist destinations that are more attractive, 

competitive, and sustainable. 

 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp              Economics, Law and Policy                  Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

135 

References 

Cheng, W. (n.d.). The Impact of Environmental Policy Regulation on the Competitiveness of High 

Energy-Consuming Industries Based on the Data Inspection of Four Industries of Steel, Thermal 

Power, Nonferrous Metals, and Papermaking in Zhejiang Province. International Science and 

Culture Center for Academic Contacts (Russia), Zhengzhou Yingchun Conference Planning Co., 

Ltd. (China). Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economy, Judicature, 

Administration, and Humanitarian Projects (JAHP 2019) (Advances in Economics, Business, and 

Management Research, Vol. 94). School of Business Jiaxing University. 

https://doi.org/10.2991/jahp-19.2019.160 

Costantini, V., & Mazzanti, M. (2011). On the green and innovative side of trade competitiveness? The 

impact of environmental policies and innovation on EU exports. Research Policy, 41(1), 132-153. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.08.004 

Cunha, D. K. S., & Cunha, D. C. J. (2005). Tourism Cluster Competitiveness and Sustainability: 

Proposal for a Systemic Model to Measure the Impact of Tourism on Local Development. 

Brazilian Administration Review, 2(2), 47. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-76922005000200005 

Hontou, V., Diakoulaki, D., & Papagiannakis, L. (2007). A multi-criterion classification approach for 

assessing the impact of environmental policies on the competitiveness of firms. Corporate Social 

Responsibility and Environmental Management, 14(1), 28-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.112 

Jin, X. D., & Song, B. H. (2009). The Exploration of the Impact of Executing Core Employment 

Policies and Systems on Firm Competitiveness. Journal of Vocational Education Training, 12(1), 

75-93. https://doi.org/10.36907/krivet.2009.12.1.75 

Ongan, S., & Gozgor, G. (2018). Tourism Demand Analysis: The Impact of Economic Policy 

Uncertainty on the Arrival of Japanese Tourists to the USA. International Journal of Tourism 

Research, 20(3), 308-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2182 

Thema, J., Suerkemper, F., Grace, K. et al. (2013). The impact of electricity demand reduction policies 

on the EU-ETS: Modeling electricity and carbon prices and the effect on industrial 

competitiveness. Energy Policy, 2013, 60656-60666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.028 

 

 

https://doi.org/10.2991/jahp-19.2019.160
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.08.004
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-76922005000200005
https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.112
https://doi.org/10.36907/krivet.2009.12.1.75
https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2182
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.028

