


































Economics, Law and Policy 
ISSN 2576-2060 (Print) ISSN 2576-2052 (Online) 

Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp 

33 
 

Original Paper 

Research on the Criminal Law Response to Telecom Fraud in the 

Digital Society 

Yanqiu Xiong
1*

 & Minna Qiu
2 

1
 The discipline inspection and supervision group of the Anqing City Discipline Inspection 

Commission in the Anqing Municipal People’s Congress, Anqing, China  

2
 Law School, Shantou University, Guangzhou, China 

 

Received: October 10, 2024    Accepted: October 18, 2024    Online Published: October 19, 2024 

doi:10.22158/elp.v7n3p33              URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v7n3p33 

 

Abstract 

With the rapid development of the digital society, telecom fraud has increasingly exhibited 

characteristics of intelligence, cross-border operations, and concealment, posing serious threats to 

both the economy and individual interests. However, the current criminal law has many deficiencies in 

addressing such crimes, making it difficult to effectively curb their spread. This paper analyzes the 

current state and characteristics of telecom fraud and explores the shortcomings of criminal law in 

responding to these new forms of fraud in the digital society. It proposes measures such as enhancing 

the adaptability of the law, improving sentencing standards, and strengthening cross-border judicial 

cooperation. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of a coordinated response between 

technological means and the law, recommending the use of big data and artificial intelligence to 

improve the investigation and prevention of telecom fraud. The study suggests that only through the 

deep integration of legal frameworks and technology can the increasingly complex issue of telecom 

fraud in the digital society be effectively addressed. 

Keywords 

Digital society, telecom fraud, criminal law response, cross-border judicial cooperation, technological 

means 

 

 

 

 

 

 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp                   Economics, Law and Policy                        Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

34 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

1. Introduction 

The rapid advancement of information technology has made the digital society central to global 

economic and social operations. While networks and digital platforms offer convenience, they also 

foster the growth of new crimes, especially telecom fraud. This crime, characterized by its concealment, 

intelligence, and cross-border nature, challenges traditional legal systems in prevention and 

enforcement, threatening personal financial security and societal trust. China’s criminal law has 

provisions against telecom fraud, but evolving methods make prosecution difficult, sentencing lenient, 

and cross-border enforcement challenging. With telecom fraud becoming globalized, international 

judicial cooperation and information sharing are crucial. This paper explores the state of telecom fraud, 

the limitations of current laws, and proposes measures to enhance legal adaptability, improve 

sentencing, and strengthen international cooperation. It also examines how technologies like big data 

and artificial intelligence can aid in fraud prevention and investigation, offering practical solutions to 

combat this growing issue (Barbosa, 2020, pp. 19-35). 

 

2. The Current Situation and Characteristics of Telecom Fraud 

2.1 Forms of Telecom Fraud in the Digital Society 

In the digital society, the forms of telecom fraud have become increasingly diversified, with criminals 

constantly innovating their methods as technology advances. Common forms of telecom fraud include, 

but are not limited to, phone scams, SMS fraud, phishing, social media fraud, and cryptocurrency 

scams. These fraud schemes take advantage of the convenience of modern communication technology, 

quickly infiltrating people’s daily lives. First, phone and SMS scams are the most traditional forms of 

telecom fraud. Criminals often impersonate government agencies, financial institutions, or other 

authoritative organizations, using intimidation or inducement to deceive victims into transferring 

money or providing sensitive personal information (Liu, 2021, pp. 1296-1316). Despite the simplicity 

of this approach, it remains one of the most common forms of fraud due to its wide reach and ease of 

operation. Second, with the development of the internet, phishing has become a significant tool in 

modern telecom fraud. Criminals create fake websites or send fraudulent emails to lure victims into 

clicking malicious links, thereby stealing personal information, account passwords, and more. This type 

of fraud is often closely linked to e-commerce platforms, payment systems, and other online services, 

causing victims to suffer financial losses without even realizing it. In addition, the rise of social media 

fraud and cryptocurrency scams marks new changes in telecom fraud in the digital age. Social media 

fraud typically involves criminals posing as celebrities or friends to carry out emotional scams or 

investment frauds (Zhang & Dong, 2023, p. 64). Cryptocurrency scams, on the other hand, exploit the 

anonymity and technical complexity of virtual currencies, setting up fake investment platforms to 

attract investors and ultimately profiting through “exit scams” or market manipulation. In summary, 

telecom fraud in the digital society is diverse and flexible. Criminals are adept at exploiting 

technological loopholes, legal gray areas, and people’s trust in information authenticity, leading to the 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp                   Economics, Law and Policy                        Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

35 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

rampant spread of fraud. This complexity poses significant challenges for the criminal justice system 

(Dong, 2023, pp. 59-65). 

2.2 Characteristics of Telecom Fraud 

Telecom fraud in the context of the digital society exhibits a set of unique characteristics, making 

criminal behavior more concealed, intelligent, and transnational, often on a large scale. Understanding 

these characteristics is crucial for an effective criminal law response. First, high concealment is one of 

the prominent features of telecom fraud. Criminals often use virtual identities and anonymous 

communication tools, such as virtual phone numbers, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), or encrypted 

communication tools, making it difficult for victims to identify their real identities (Lentz & Nina, 2021, 

p. 1). At the same time, fraudsters hide the flow of funds by using multiple transfers or falsifying 

transaction records, further complicating investigation and tracking efforts. Second, telecom fraud has 

become increasingly intelligent and reliant on technology. Criminals are continually adopting advanced 

technological tools to enhance the complexity and targeting of their fraud schemes (Dumchykov, 2022, 

pp. 76-82). For example, they may use artificial intelligence to generate voice or video that mimics 

authoritative figures or relatives, making their fraud schemes more convincing. Additionally, through 

big data analysis, fraudsters can accurately target victims by analyzing personal information and 

behavioral patterns, executing highly tailored scams. This intelligence-driven fraud makes traditional 

prevention and tracking methods increasingly difficult. Third, telecom fraud shows a clear trend of 

transnationality and globalization. As global communication networks become increasingly 

interconnected, criminals can carry out fraud across borders, exploiting differences in laws and 

enforcement challenges between countries to evade legal accountability. For instance, criminals may 

plan and execute scams from one country, while victims and fund transfers occur in other nations, 

adding to the complexity and cost of combatting these crimes. Moreover, telecom fraud is often 

large-scale and organized. In recent years, many telecom fraud cases have been carried out by 

well-organized crime syndicates with clear divisions of labor, including specialized technical support, 

script training, and money laundering networks. These organized efforts enable fraud groups to 

simultaneously target large numbers of victims, causing significant social harm. Even more concerning, 

successful fraud techniques are quickly copied and spread by other criminal groups, further 

exacerbating the problem. In conclusion, the characteristics of telecom fraud—high concealment, 

intelligence, transnationality, and organized large-scale operations—make it increasingly difficult to 

prevent and combat in the digital society. These traits impose higher demands on the criminal justice 

system, which urgently requires legal and technological innovations to effectively tackle the growing 

complexity of telecom fraud. 

 

 

 

 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp                   Economics, Law and Policy                        Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

36 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

3. Current Criminal Law Provisions for Telecom Fraud 

3.1 Basic Criminal Law Provisions for Telecom Fraud 

In addressing telecom fraud, current criminal law has established certain regulations and provisions. 

China’s Criminal Law primarily deals with telecom fraud through the “crime of fraud” and related 

statutes. According to Article 266 of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, fraud is 

defined as the act of illegally obtaining public or private property by fabricating facts or concealing the 

truth for the purpose of illegal possession. Depending on the amount involved, the law prescribes 

different levels of punishment, ranging from fixed-term imprisonment and detention to fines. In recent 

years, judicial interpretations have further clarified and supplemented the legal treatment of telecom 

fraud. For instance, the Supreme People’s Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, and the Ministry of 

Public Security have jointly issued several judicial interpretations targeting telecom fraud. These 

interpretations emphasize that, based on the fraud methods, the degree of harm, and the amount of 

money involved, corresponding convictions and sentencing should be applied. This ensures that even 

fraud carried out using the internet or communication technologies falls under the purview of the 

criminal law, thereby covering a wide range of telecom fraud activities. Additionally, China has 

introduced more stringent measures in recent years to combat telecom fraud (Ahmad et al., 2020, pp. 

1308-1326). For example, the “Card Severing Action” launched in 2016 aimed to crack down on 

intermediaries that provide criminals with bank cards, mobile phone SIM cards, and other tools 

necessary for committing telecom fraud. Simultaneously, laws and regulations have gradually 

strengthened the supervision of third-party payment platforms, cryptocurrency exchanges, and other 

financial tools to reduce the avenues available for telecom fraud funds to be transferred. Although 

current criminal law offers a relatively clear framework for punishing telecom fraud, the diverse and 

rapidly evolving forms of telecom fraud pose challenges for the law in practice. For example, 

sentencing standards for fraud may not be fully adequate to deter large-scale, cross-border, and 

technology-driven telecom fraud. Additionally, the high degree of concealment involved in online 

fraud poses significant difficulties in evidence collection and prosecution under existing legal 

provisions. Therefore, while the current legal framework provides a basis for addressing telecom fraud, 

there is a need for further enhancement in its enforcement and adaptability to effectively combat the 

increasingly complex telecom fraud crimes in the digital society. 

3.2 Gaps and Deficiencies in Criminal Law 

Despite existing legal frameworks, significant gaps limit the effectiveness of combating telecom fraud, 

especially as these crimes become more complex and diverse. First, prosecution and evidence 

collection pose major challenges. Telecom fraud often involves the use of virtual identities, encrypted 

communications, and offshore servers, making it difficult to trace criminals. Fraudsters use virtual 

phone numbers, encrypted tools, and complex money transfers to hide their identities and obscure the 

flow of funds. The anonymity of online activities, combined with the cross-border nature of these 

crimes, complicates investigations and often requires international cooperation, which is slow and 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp                   Economics, Law and Policy                        Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

37 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

complicated, hindering rapid responses and prosecutions. Second, sentencing standards are insufficient. 

Current laws base sentencing primarily on the monetary value of the fraud, but telecom fraud has 

broader social consequences, including societal disorder, public trust issues, and even national security 

threats. Large-scale fraud schemes often affect many victims, but the law’s reliance on financial losses 

alone results in lighter sentences, reducing its deterrent effect. Third, inadequate international 

cooperation further hinders the prosecution of transnational fraud. Criminals exploit differences in laws 

and enforcement across countries to evade justice. Mechanisms for international cooperation remain 

underdeveloped, and differences in legal systems slow down efforts to combat fraud, making it difficult 

to prosecute and extradite suspects swiftly (McGuire, 2022, p. 35). Finally, the slow adoption of 

advanced technologies by law enforcement agencies limits their ability to combat increasingly 

sophisticated telecom fraud. While criminals use AI, big data, and other technologies to target victims, 

law enforcement often lacks the necessary tools to track real-time virtual currency transactions and 

freeze illicit funds. In conclusion, gaps in prosecution, sentencing, international cooperation, and 

technological adoption highlight the need for legal reforms, better international cooperation, and 

advanced technological tools to effectively address telecom fraud. 

 

4. Criminal Law Approaches to Telecom Fraud in the Digital Society 

4.1 Enhancing the Adaptability of Criminal Law in the Digital Age 

In the digital society, telecom fraud is continuously evolving, requiring criminal law to be more 

flexible and adaptable to address the complexity and technical nature of these crimes. Strengthening the 

adaptability of criminal law has become a critical path for combatting telecom fraud. Firstly, revising 

and updating legal provisions is essential to improving the adaptability of criminal law. Due to the 

rapid evolution of fraud techniques, existing fraud-related legal provisions may not cover all emerging 

types of fraud. To address this challenge, criminal law needs to be updated to include more specific 

provisions for new forms of fraud prevalent in the digital society. For instance, new clauses should be 

added to address common forms of digital fraud such as cryptocurrency scams, phishing, and social 

media fraud. This would clarify the legal basis for prosecution and sentencing, enabling law 

enforcement to make swift legal judgments based on specific criminal behavior (Li & Yong, 2022, p. 

4761230). Secondly, increasing the legal definition and penalties for technological crimes is crucial. As 

criminals use advanced technology to perpetrate fraud, criminal law must become more targeted in 

addressing technology-related crimes. Future laws should strengthen the legal definition of fraud using 

emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, especially in clarifying the 

responsibility of perpetrators using these tools. For example, laws should clearly define the criminal 

liability for fraud conducted via deep fake technology or synthetic voice technology and impose stricter 

penalties to create a strong deterrent effect. Additionally, enhancing the flexibility of legal 

interpretation is an effective way to improve the adaptability of criminal law. Given the fast pace of 

technological development, legislation often lags behind, making it difficult to revise laws in time to 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp                   Economics, Law and Policy                        Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

38 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

cover all new forms of crime. Therefore, judicial authorities should apply legal interpretation more 

flexibly, interpreting and applying existing legal provisions to new types of crimes. For instance, in 

complex telecom fraud cases, judicial authorities can extend the interpretation of existing fraud 

provisions to cover new forms of cybercrime, ensuring that the law can respond flexibly to rapidly 

evolving technology. Finally, improving the coordination between criminal law and regulatory 

frameworks is essential. Telecom fraud in the digital society involves numerous technological tools and 

platforms. Criminal law must be closely integrated with regulatory mechanisms to adapt to the digital 

age. By collaborating with telecommunications operators, internet service providers, and payment 

platforms, a robust monitoring and early warning system can be established, effectively combining 

legal measures with technical regulation. For instance, laws can impose legal responsibilities on online 

platforms to take timely technical measures to block and report fraudulent activities, creating a synergy 

between legal and technical regulatory efforts. In summary, enhancing the adaptability of criminal law 

in the digital age is essential for combatting telecom fraud. Through revising and updating legal 

provisions, strengthening penalties for technological crimes, applying flexible legal interpretations, and 

improving coordination between law and regulatory frameworks, telecom fraud in the increasingly 

complex digital society can be more effectively addressed, ensuring the validity and authority of 

criminal law (Sinaga, 2023, pp. 4585-4604). 

4.2 Improving the Determination of Criminal Liability and Sentencing 

In addressing telecom fraud in the digital society, improving the determination of criminal liability and 

sentencing standards is a core measure for effectively combating these crimes. Current criminal law 

primarily bases sentencing for fraud on the amount of money involved, but as telecom fraud becomes 

more complex and socially damaging, the current sentencing system fails to fully reflect the severity 

and diversity of fraudulent activities. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the determination of 

criminal liability and sentencing standards to enhance the specificity and deterrence of criminal law. 

Firstly, sentencing should consider the social harm caused by the crime. Telecom fraud not only results 

in financial losses but can also trigger public trust crises, social panic, and widespread societal issues. 

The current criminal law relies too heavily on the monetary amount of the fraud for sentencing and 

overlooks the broader social impact of the crime. For example, large-scale telecom fraud may involve 

relatively small individual losses but have a significant overall social impact. In such cases, sentencing 

should fully consider the social harm caused by the fraudulent activity and use it as an important factor 

in sentencing decisions. For cases that create widespread panic or damage public trust, even if the 

monetary amount is relatively low, penalties should be increased to strengthen deterrence. Secondly, 

differentiating the roles and responsibilities of participants is crucial in determining sentencing. In 

organized and transnational telecom fraud cases, participants often take on diverse roles, including 

planners, technical support, and fund transfer agents. Traditional fraud provisions do not adequately 

distinguish the varying degrees of involvement, leading to uniform sentencing standards. Improving the 

determination of criminal liability requires more precise differentiation of roles, with sentencing based 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp                   Economics, Law and Policy                        Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

39 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

on each participant’s specific involvement in the crime. For instance, planners and organizers of 

large-scale fraud should face more severe penalties, while technical support or fund transfer 

participants with lesser involvement should receive proportionate punishment, ensuring fair and 

reasonable sentencing. Additionally, introducing new sentencing standards to address 

technology-driven fraud is necessary. As telecom fraud increasingly relies on high-tech tools, the 

intelligence and technical complexity of fraudulent activities have escalated. Traditional sentencing 

standards based solely on the monetary value of the fraud are no longer sufficient to handle these 

sophisticated crimes. For example, criminals using phishing, malware, or artificial intelligence to 

commit fraud may cause large-scale personal information leaks in a short period, leading to significant 

potential risks for victims, even if no direct financial loss occurs. In such cases, criminal law should 

consider the unique nature of technology-driven fraud and introduce new standards for sentencing, such 

as the number of victims, the extent of information breaches, and the complexity of the fraudulent 

methods, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of the social harm caused by the crime and 

appropriate sentencing. Finally, increasing penalties for transnational telecom fraud is essential. 

Transnational telecom fraud involves multiple jurisdictions, making law enforcement and 

accountability challenging. Therefore, criminal law should impose harsher penalties for transnational 

fraud to raise the cost of committing such crimes. For example, in addition to standard penalties, 

further sanctions could include banning perpetrators from engaging in certain industries, enhancing 

asset tracking and freezing, and increasing international criminal liability. By intensifying the penalties 

for transnational fraud, stronger legal deterrence can be created, preventing criminals from exploiting 

international legal differences to evade prosecution. In conclusion, improving the determination of 

criminal liability and sentencing is not only a legal safeguard against telecom fraud but also a crucial 

measure for enhancing the deterrent effect of criminal law and maintaining social order. By introducing 

more targeted sentencing standards, differentiating the roles and responsibilities of participants, 

adapting to the specific nature of technology-driven fraud, and increasing penalties for transnational 

crimes, criminal law can more effectively combat telecom fraud in the digital society and protect the 

legitimate rights and interests of the public. 

 

5. The Role of International Cooperation and Technological Support in Combating Telecom 

Fraud 

The cross-border nature and technological complexity of telecom fraud make it a global challenge, one 

that cannot be effectively addressed by the laws and enforcement mechanisms of any single country. 

Therefore, international cooperation and technological support play a crucial role in combating telecom 

fraud. Faced with these cross-border and high-tech crimes, countries must strengthen judicial 

cooperation and technical collaboration to jointly address this global security threat. First, international 

judicial cooperation is key to combating cross-border telecom fraud. Since telecom fraud often spans 

multiple countries and regions, criminals can easily exploit differences in legal systems and law 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp                   Economics, Law and Policy                        Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

40 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

enforcement practices to evade prosecution. To effectively combat such crimes, countries need to 

establish tighter judicial cooperation mechanisms, promoting information sharing, evidence assistance, 

and international cooperation on extradition. For example, establishing a global unified telecom fraud 

database would help law enforcement agencies worldwide quickly access criminals’ operational 

information and activity patterns, reducing their chances of fleeing across borders. Additionally, 

countries must enhance legal coordination in extradition procedures, simplifying the process to ensure 

that criminals are swiftly brought to justice. Second, technological support is a core tool in fighting 

telecom fraud. As fraud methods become increasingly intelligent and technologically advanced, 

traditional investigative techniques are no longer sufficient to deal with the complexity of modern 

telecom fraud. Therefore, law enforcement agencies worldwide must invest more in technological tools, 

utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data analytics, blockchain, and other advanced technologies to 

improve the detection and prevention of telecom fraud. For example, AI can help identify abnormal 

online activity and detect potential fraud, while big data can analyze vast amounts of network 

transactions and communication records to identify patterns of criminal behavior. Additionally, 

blockchain technology is particularly useful for tracking the flow of virtual currencies, aiding law 

enforcement in tracing the movement of fraudulent funds and freezing illegal assets, thereby 

undermining the financial foundation of criminal operations. In addition to international cooperation 

and technological support, the participation and coordination of international organizations are also 

indispensable. Global organizations such as Interpol and the International Telecommunication Union 

(ITU) play a crucial role in coordinating efforts to combat telecom fraud. These organizations provide 

platforms for technical support and information sharing among law enforcement agencies, helping 

countries increase the efficiency of their anti-fraud efforts. For example, Interpol has established a 

dedicated cybercrime unit responsible for coordinating anti-fraud actions among member countries and 

organizing multinational efforts to combat telecom fraud. This global cooperation improves the overall 

effectiveness of efforts to combat telecom fraud and helps curb the spread of these crimes. Lastly, the 

involvement of businesses and the public in providing technological support is also an essential part of 

combating telecom fraud. In addition to government cooperation, businesses and the public should 

actively participate in the fight against telecom fraud. Telecom operators, internet platforms, and 

financial institutions should strengthen their collaboration with governments by providing technical 

support and anti-fraud monitoring measures. For instance, telecom operators can intercept suspicious 

calls and messages through technical means, reducing the spread of fraudulent information; internet 

platforms can use AI to monitor user behavior, quickly identifying and blocking fraudulent accounts; 

and financial institutions should enhance monitoring and reporting mechanisms for suspicious 

transactions to prevent the rapid transfer of funds. At the same time, the public needs to raise awareness 

of fraud prevention, learn basic knowledge on how to avoid scams, and cooperate actively with 

government and corporate anti-fraud efforts. In summary, international cooperation and technological 

support play an irreplaceable role in combating telecom fraud. By strengthening international judicial 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp                   Economics, Law and Policy                        Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

41 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

cooperation, leveraging advanced technological tools for investigation and prevention, and involving 

international organizations and the public, the global community can more effectively address the 

growing threat of telecom fraud, protecting citizens’ financial security and maintaining social order. 

 

6. Conclusion 

In the context of the digital society, telecom fraud has become increasingly complex and transnational, 

presenting significant challenges to existing criminal law. Although laws have been established to 

address fraud, the constantly evolving techniques used in these crimes demand improvements in legal 

adaptability, sentencing standards, and mechanisms for international cooperation. By revising legal 

provisions, introducing new sentencing standards, enhancing international judicial collaboration, and 

leveraging technological tools such as big data and AI, we can more effectively combat telecom fraud 

and safeguard the public's financial security and social order. 

 

References 

Ahmad, A. H. et al. (2020). The impact of digitalization on occupational fraud opportunity in 

telecommunication industry: A strategic review. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of 

Egypt/Egyptology, 17(9), 1308-1326. 

Barbosa, P. A. R. (2020). Corporate criminal law, artificial intelligence and Big Data: The huawei case 

and its implications for global society. Revista Paradigma, 29(1), 19-35. 

Dong, A. Y. (2023). The Characteristics and Prevention Countermeasures of Telecom Network Fraud 

Crime under the Background of Big Data. Journal of Sociology and Ethnology, 5(5), 59-65. 

Dumchykov, M. (2022). INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STANDARDS FOR COMBATING FRAUD IN 

THE FIELD OF COMPUTER INFORMATION. European Socio-Legal and Humanitarian 

Studies, 2(2022), 76-82. 

Lentz, L. W., & Nina, S. (2021). The use of historical call data records as evidence in the criminal 

justice system-lessons learned from the Danish telecom scandal. Digital Evidence & Elec. 

Signature L. Rev., 18(2021), 1. https://doi.org/10.14296/deeslr.v18i0.5235 

Li, G., & Yong, W. (2022). [Retracted] Research on the Detection Countermeasures of 

Telecommunication Network Fraud Based on Big Data for Killing Pigs and Plates. Journal of 

Robotics, 2022(1)), 4761230. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4761230 

Liu, L. L. (2021). A jurisprudential analysis of the concurrent criminal jurisdiction over cross-border 

telecom fraud crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 28(4), 1296-1316. 

https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-09-2019-0123 

McGuire, M. R. (2022). Crime, Control and the Ambiguous Gifts of Digital Technology. The SAGE 

Handbook of Digital Society, (2022), 35. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529783193.n4 

https://doi.org/10.14296/deeslr.v18i0.5235
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4761230
https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-09-2019-0123
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529783193.n4


www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp                   Economics, Law and Policy                        Vol. 7, No. 3, 2024 

42 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

Sinaga, H. (2023). Legal and Ethical Implications in Data Theft Cases in the Digital Era. East Asian 

Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(11), 4585-4604. 

https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i11.6791 

Zhang, Y., & Dong, H. Y. (2023). Criminal law regulation of cyber fraud crimes—From the 

perspective of citizens’ personal information protection in the era of edge computing. Journal of 

Cloud Computing, 12(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-023-00437-3 

 

 

https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i11.6791
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-023-00437-3

