


































Economics, Law and Policy 
ISSN 2576-2060 (Print) ISSN 2576-2052 (Online) 

Vol. 8, No. 1, 2025 

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17 
 

Original Paper 

On the Protection of Reliance in Administrative Practice 

Xiangkai Jin
1
 

1
 School of Ocean Law and Humanities, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China 

 

Received: January 3, 2025     Accepted: January 15, 2025     Online Published: January 17, 2025 

doi:10.22158/elp.v8n1p17           URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v8n1p17 

 

Abstract 

In the field of administrative law, protection of reliance has always been a hot topic of controversy, 

and its development also reflects the development and change of administrative law to a certain extent. 

It plays an important role in various administrative behaviors such as administrative litigation, 

administrative penalty, administrative compensation, as well as on land and at sea. The number of 

cases in which our courts have utilized reliance protection for interpretation and sentencing in actual 

trials has also been increasing. However, the principle is to grasp the overall level, the actual use of 

the principle will still be different according to different cases, and there is a difference in the order of 

priority. How to correctly identify the protection of reliance in different administrative cases, and the 

use of it has become the key. Therefore, the case of administrative agreement is taken to analyze and 

explore the protection of reliance in law enforcement. 

Keywords 

Reliance Protection, Administrative Agreement, Reliance Standard, Case Analysis 

 

1. Case Analysis 

1.1 Brief Description of the Case 

In September 2015, the Tiefeng District Government expropriated part of the houses in Sijiazhi Village, 

Tiefeng District, Qiqihar City, due to a shantytown renovation project. Li Chunhua had a 47.92 square 

meter residential house within the scope of the expropriation, which was built on December 26, 2006, 

and had a construction project planning permit, construction project completion planning acceptance 

certificate and land use right certificate approved by the Tiefeng District Planning Department of the 

Qiqihar Municipal Planning Bureau. At the time of expropriation, the Tiefeng District Shed Reform 

Project Department investigated Li Chunhua’s housing condition and reviewed the above materials. On 

September 6, 2015, the Tiefeng District Shed Reform Project Department signed the Agreement on 

Monetary Compensation for Expropriation of Residential Houses with Li Chunhua, who chose to 

receive monetary compensation, and the two parties agreed that the housing appraisal value would be 



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RMB2,807 per square meter, and that the total amount of monetary compensation would be 

RMB156,700 yuan. Li Chunhua signed the agreement and then moved, and the Tiefeng District Shanty 

Reform Project Department issued a house requisition acceptance form for Li Chunhua’s husband, 

Zhang Guowen, on the 19th of the same month. Now the house has been demolished, the lot of the 

requisitioned households have moved back to live. The Tiefeng District Government reviewed Li 

Chunhua’s expropriation compensation agreement according to the “one assessment and two reviews” 

procedure, and found that the area of the land certificate provided by Li Chunhua’s application for 

planning approval did not correspond to the area of the house, and considered that the household 

registration information provided by Li Chunhua in the application for planning approval and the 

suspected forgeries of the land certificate needed to be further verified, and therefore did not issue the 

expropriation compensation for the house.  

The court of first instance held that Li Chunhua’s request for the Tiefeng District Government to pay 

compensation for house expropriation in accordance with the expropriation agreement should be 

supported. The court ruled that Tiefeng District Government should pay Li Chunhua 156,700 RMB 

within 30 days from the effective date of this judgment. 

1.2 Focus of Dispute 

Three focuses of the issue can be found by reading and thinking. First, in most of the cases searched, 

the use of reliance protection for review of most of the administrative licensing, administrative 

payment and other administrative acts, so the administrative agreement can be applied to the protection 

of reliance, the application of the elements of what? Second, the use of reliance protection, such as the 

administrative counter-party used deception, then what is the impact on the administrative agreement, 

whether to prevent the application of reliance protection? Third, the principle of protection of reliance 

on how to assess the justification of the standard, and administrative law and other principles of the 

connection and conflict, and on this basis to achieve a relative balance of interests and protection? 

1.3 Discussion of Opinions 

The above case reflects the relevant revocation situation of administrative agreement in administrative 

expropriation and the principle of protection of reliance in administrative expropriation. At first, the 

Tiefeng District Government as a qualified plaintiff put forward the defense because Li Chunhua had 

committed deceptive acts, so the compensation was not levied. However, the details of the case is 

relatively clear, the government and Li Chunhua signed the agreement belongs to the administrative 

agreement, and before signing the relevant administrators have been in accordance with the provisions 

of the assessment, and finally determine the compensation rules and area, belong to the lawful and in 

accordance with the provisions of the act, the commitment made is also legal and effective. The 

responsibility after the official assessment was taken by the administrative subject, and Li Chunhua had 

fulfilled his obligations according to the requirements of the agreement without negligence, so the 

Tiefeng District Government should make administrative compensation. 

 



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The administrative agreement exists to release and change the situation, but shall not be mixed with the 

superiority of the administrative power. The law gives the administrative subject can cancel the power 

to change, the original intention is for the greater public interest, can't be no reason to their own fault to 

derogate from the interests of the administrative relative. Administrative relative without fault, and 

obtain the corresponding individual rights when legal, should confirm the corresponding effect of the 

administrative relative. The administrative subject can not prove that the administrative relative’s 

behavior is illegal to cause the agreement is invalid, so the administrative subject can not be related to 

policy changes, etc., abuse of their own administrative power, should be based on the interest of 

reliance, to maintain the interests of the administrative relative due. 

Whether the case violates the rule of legitimacy, some viewpoints believe that as long as the 

administrative relative exists deceptive behavior violates the legitimacy. To scrutinize this case with 

legitimacy, its focus should take into account both sides, not just one side. Considering the time to 

judge the legitimacy, it should be judged at the time of evaluation and signing the agreement. And at 

that time the administrative body sent by the temporary agency also carried out the corresponding 

certification, so can not be in the relative fulfillment, and then claim that there is a legitimacy flaw, the 

subsequent assessment will also have an impact, and will cause excessive losses to the administrative 

relative. 

 

2. Relevant Administrative Law Theories 

2.1 Meaning and Origin of Reliance Protection 

What is the trust interest, administrative law and civil law on the understanding of the trust interest is 

broadly similar, or even convergence, can be understood as the protection of trustworthy expectations 

of benefits. That is, between the two parties, based on a certain relationship, so that the two trust each 

other, and based on this trust so that the other party believes that it can obtain the corresponding 

benefits. 

The principle of protection of trust in administrative law appeared in Germany before and after the First 

World War, all levels of administrative courts in dealing with related administrative cases such as the 

revocation of administrative acts, disposition is to apply this principle (Zhou, W. F., 2003, pp. 75-78). 

After the second world war, the argument of the point of view, but has never been out of sight, the 

principle of protection of reliance on the contrary, in administrative cases are used more frequently. 

Our country is in reference to the civil law system on the basis of absorbing the relevant legal elements, 

the protection of reliance into the administrative law in our country. On the meaning of administrative 

law protection of reliance, different scholars have different ways of expression and elaboration of the 

reason, summarize and discernment, can be concluded is the administrative organ to make the 

administrative act has the legitimate interest of reliance, the administrative organ can’t arbitrarily 

change or revoke the administrative act has been made, if revoked, must compensate for the relative 

due to the trust of the loss arising from the loss. From another point of view, can also be summarized as 



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the administrative subject according to the relevant events related to the commitment to contribute to 

the corresponding legal status, and the administrative relative according to this legal status, based on 

the corresponding trust dispose of their own corresponding state or right. According to the 

administrative relative’s state of the relevant legitimate interests, should be protected by law, the 

administrative subject should be based on the previous state of law to realize the relevant commitment. 

2.2 The Basis and Importance of Reliance Protection 

The central theory of administrative law has been the hot issue of discussion, the more popular for the 

control theory, management theory. However, due to China’s influence by the western legal thinking, 

most scholars at this stage advocate the control theory, that is, the use of relevant laws to regulate and 

control the power of the administrative subject, to protect the rights of administrative relative subject. 

Control that need to have the corresponding binding force, the administrative subject in reality is 

usually a relatively strong party, so the relevant concepts and principles to be bound will further control. 

The same our country’s political environment is also very suitable for the emergence and development 

of the protection of trust, the application of the principle of protection of trust to be established on the 

basis of the modern rule of law, our country’s legal construction is perfect, and with the development 

of economic development can be better for the development of the rule of law. Good rule of law 

environment can maximize to ensure the stability of the law, can be made in the administrative body of 

administrative behavior can play a small range of autonomy, so that the protection of reliance will not 

be ultra vires. Reliance on the protection of the constitution can also find its support, the constitution 

protects human rights and the rights of citizens, in the administrative system, mostly public power, and 

the administrative relative is in a relatively weak position. Reliance on the principle of protection is an 

extension of human rights protection and civil rights, in the spirit of the principle of the level, to the 

administrative relative to a way of relief. 

Reliance interest protection has its important significance. Reliance protection can keep the law stable 

to a certain extent, and administrative acts can be interpreted with reliance protection to a certain extent, 

which maintains the stability of the administrative law structure. Reliance protection in administrative 

law ensures that individuals and organizations have reasonable expectations of the actions of 

administrative organs and act on them, ensuring that these promises and rights are protected and 

preventing administrative organs from arbitrarily changing promises or depriving rights. It pays more 

attention to the behavior of the administrative subject while taking into account the administrative 

relative. It prevents improper or discriminatory actions by administrative organs, ensures that citizens 

and organizations are treated equally in administrative procedures, and also maintains social security 

stability to a certain extent. Trust protection can stabilize government integrity, which is an important 

part of social credit and the backbone of social credit, and is the credit certificate of a social class or 

region. The government should play an exemplary role in the construction of social credit. The 

credibility of the administrative body not only maintains the credibility of society, but also affects the 

business environment and has an impact on the investment confidence of the relevant enterprises, thus 



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affecting the relevant economic development to a certain extent. 

2.3 The Scope of Application of the Protection of Reliance and the Application of the Elements 

The scope of application of the protection of reliance has been the focus of debate, some scholars 

believe that the administrative license can be applied, some scholars believe that the administrative 

payment, and some advocate that as long as the administrative act of granting benefits can be applied. 

Some scholars believe that as long as the administrative act can be applied (Chen, T. T., 2015, pp. 5-8). 

The author is more inclined to administrative behavior can be applied to the protection of reliance, 

because the protection of reliance is not only to protect the administrative relative’s single right, but 

also can bind the administrative subject. In playing a certain binding effect at the same time, but also in 

disguise to protect the credibility of the administrative body, the implementation of administrative 

behavior has a certain role in promoting. At the same time, the field of application of reliance interests 

is not static, from the first only applies to the act of granting benefits to the present countries are 

applicable to the expansion of the expansion of its residence in the better, so to give a relatively broad 

scope of application, can avoid the application of too restrictive and cumbersome. In the protection of 

trust and administrative behavior of the relevant principles have certain compatibility, such as the 

protection of trust and administrative penalty liability has compatibility, the court can use the 

protection of trust to judge the subjective fault of the perpetrator (Li, X. P., 2023, pp. 1-11). In the 

judicial practice point of view for analysis, from the existing referee instrument, can retrieve the 

corresponding administrative license, administrative agreement, administrative grant and other typical 

cases, there are also some administrative agreement, administrative penalties and other new type of 

reliance on the protection of the case. This shows that China’s judicial practice is also expanding the 

scope of application of the protection of reliance, in line with the pace of social development, the 

implementation of a relatively wide range of application. 

Reliance protection of the applicable elements, the current stage of mainstream trust is still three 

elements system, the first point, to produce the corresponding basis of trust, that is, the administrative 

body is the implementation of the administrative act of granting benefits, the administrative relative 

based on the administrative act of generating trust dependence. The second point, there is a trust benefit, 

the administrative relative based on the trust to implement the corresponding behavior, and based on 

this behavior produces assessable benefits or burdened with the corresponding risk. The third point, 

there is a legitimate reliance interest, trust occurs out of good faith, and no negligence. At the same 

time, with the continuous development of society, the need for trial practice, the four elements are also 

slowly stepping into the public’s view, that is, the deviation of administrative behavior is included in 

the constituent elements, to promote the application of judicial practice (Lu, Z. F. & Zhang, D., 2023, 

pp. 41-48, p. 95). But whether it is three elements system or four elements system, there are 

corresponding protection of reliance, also applies to the above case. As for the way of trust protection, 

that is, the use of can not revoke not repeal, if in order to safeguard the interests of the majority of the 

community and so on, have no choice but to revoke, should be carried out in accordance with the 



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procedures and authority of the law, and the administrative counterparts of the losses incurred as a 

result of the compensation or indemnification. 

2.4 Relationship between Reliance Protection and Other Principles 

2.4.1 Reliance on Protection and Principle of Good Faith 

Principle of good faith, emphasizing that the parties should be honest and trustworthy in legal behavior, 

to avoid damage to others due to dishonest behavior. Combined with the concept and moral 

requirements for administrative subjects, not only contains honesty, trust, and civil law good faith. 

From the deep level for the construction of honesty and credit both to regulate the administrative 

subject and administrative relative (Yu, L. Y., 2022, pp. 125-147). It should be built on the basis of the 

rule of law, derived from the relatively stable legal basis. Analyzed from the constitutional point of 

view, trust protection is the constitution protects the basic rights of people on the basis of the extension. 

Therefore, principle of good faith has the internal consistency. 

2.4.2 Reliance Protection and Rebus Sic Stantibus 

Rebus sic stantibus usually refers to the contract is established, the occurrence of the contract can not 

be foreseen at the time of the establishment of the situation, the parties can negotiate, consultation fails 

to change or terminate the contract. Rebus sic stantibus is one of the principles of civil law, which is 

based on the protection of reliance. And the implementation of administrative behavior at the same 

time may also become a change of circumstances, but in general, the administrative agreement in the 

process of fulfillment, such as the administrative subject to the occurrence of a change of circumstances 

to change or terminate the administrative agreement, unless for the sake of the major public interests, 

the general court will not support, in order to protect the administrative relative’s reliance on the 

interests of the maintenance of its legitimate interests. Therefore, to a certain extent, the situation is 

also the protection of reliance on both the risk and the continuation. 

2.4.3 Reliance Protection and Other Principles 

The principle of protection of trust and the principle of administration in accordance with the law are 

important principles of administrative law, aiming to ensure that the behavior of the administrative 

organs of the lawful, fair and predictable. The principle of protection of reliance emphasizes that the 

reasonable expectations and reliance of individuals and organizations on the basis of lawfulness should 

be protected, while the principle of administration in accordance with law emphasizes that the acts of 

administrative organs should be based on the authorization and provisions of the law. At the same time, 

it can also give confirmation to the protection of reliance (Wang, G. S., 2015, pp. 167-175). Although 

the principle of protection of reliance and the principle of administration according to law are usually 

consistent, they may be in conflict in some cases. For example, a conflict may arise between the 

principle of protection of reliance and the principle of administration in accordance with law when an 

administrative organ grants a right or benefit to an individual or organization for a certain period of 

time, and if subsequent changes or amendments to the law result in the deprivation of this right or 

benefit. In order to reconcile this conflict, the executive is called upon to balance the need to uphold 



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existing laws against the need to respect the legitimate expectations of individuals and organizations. 

Reliance protection and procedural due process, the principle of procedural due process can guarantee 

the protection of reliance interests. Procedural due process requires administrative organs to follow 

certain procedures when making administrative acts, to achieve administrative openness, public 

participation, and the principle of recusal. This procedure can give administrative behavior a relatively 

legitimate standard, can bring the administrative subject and administrative relative to the most basic 

foundation of trust. Procedural due process also gives the trust protection three elements of the 

justification provides the principle of support. Reliance protection also reinforces due process, which 

requires administrative organs to take into account the reasonable expectations of individuals and 

organizations when making administrative decisions, and to ensure that their reliance is respected and 

protected. Within the framework of procedural due process, administrative authorities should make 

clear commitments to the legitimate expectations of individuals and organizations and follow those 

commitments. Doing so not only enhances procedural due process, but also increases the public’s trust 

in the administration and the reasonableness of its decisions. Trust protection and due process can 

check and balance each other and permeate each other. In specific cases, administrative agencies need 

to balance the relationship between reasonable expectations, public interest, and procedural 

requirements, and in most ideal situations, can even do both. But in individual cases, such as when the 

legitimacy of the procedure is undermined, we must increase the protection of the interests of the trust, 

not only because of the destruction of the procedure on the corresponding punitive measures, while 

ignoring the reasonable protection of the administrative relative. Such as the loss of the principle of 

protection of reliance, should be due process as the access point, increase penalties, to achieve the 

corresponding administrative time limit. 

 

3. The Effectiveness of the Administrative Agreement and the Protection of Reliance 

The effectiveness of the administrative agreement is the premise of dispute resolution, most of the 

scholars as well as the “judicial interpretation of the administrative agreement” have shown the 

effectiveness of the validity of the agreement, invalid, pending, revocable and other effectiveness of the 

state. However, according to the practice and the protection of interests and other practical problems, if 

a minor violation of law will lead to the agreement is invalid, will lead to the collapse of the trust 

between the parties to the agreement, is not conducive to the establishment and fulfillment of the 

agreement, will also cause a certain sense of uneasiness, the trust will no longer exist. Therefore, in 

order to maintain judicial stability, from the current norms, can also be deduced, such as administrative 

agreement can not be confirmed invalid, according to the principle of favorable, even if there is a 

violation of the law, should maintain the effectiveness of the administrative agreement (Wu, R. R., 

2022, pp. 29-38). Administrative agreement and trust protection, more inseparable. Administrative 

agreement as a symbol of the administrative subject and the symbol of the relative consistency, 

compared with other administrative acts, the administrative agreement more emphasis on respecting the 



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effectiveness of the agreement features, under the understanding of this condition, such as the existence 

of defects in practice does not have the significance of the legal evaluation of the agreement is usually 

recognized as legal to maintain the effectiveness of the agreement. And in such cases, in order to make 

the administrative relative’s rights and interests are fully protected, usually invoke the protection of 

trust (Xu, Z. M., 2023, pp. 29-45). Reliance on the protection of the invisible regulation of 

administrative agreements, not only is the basic principle of administrative agreement fulfillment, but 

also the loss of compensation and reparation of the legal basis. 

 

4. The Status Quo Analysis 

The current scope of application of the protection of reliance in the field of legislation in China is too 

narrow and lacks clear provisions, resulting in the protection of reliance in judicial practice is more 

limited. First of all, we need to analyze the legislative background of reliance protection. Reliance 

protection, as a legal principle, aims to protect the reasonable trust of the parties based on the behaviour 

or commitment of the administrative organ, and to avoid the parties suffering undue losses due to the 

administrative organ’s improper behavior or change of policy. However, the provisions of the existing 

legal system on the protection of reliance is relatively vague, failed to form a clear scope of application 

and specific standards, which makes the application of the protection of reliance in the field of 

administrative law has become more difficult and limited. 

4.1 The Scope of Application of Reliance Protection is Too Narrow 

China’s current legal system, the scope of application of the protection of reliance is mainly 

concentrated in the field of administrative payment and administrative licensing. In these areas, the 

administrative relative usually can rely on the administrative organ’s promise or behavior, produce trust 

benefit. However, the application of reliance protection in other fields of administrative behavior is 

relatively rare. For example, in the fields of administrative penalties, administrative levies, and 

administrative coercion, it is usually difficult for the administrative relative to obtain legal remedies 

through reliance protection. This narrow scope of application, resulting in the protection of reliance in a 

wider range of administrative action fails to play a due role, but also fails to fully reflect the stability 

and fairness of administrative action. 

4.2 Less Application in Judicial Practice 

Although the court took the initiative to apply the principle of protection of reliance in some cases, but 

this situation is still relatively few. In most administrative litigation cases, the administrative relative is 

more inclined to invoke other legal principles for litigation rather than take the initiative to claim 

reliance protection. This is closely related to the courts’ cautious attitude towards the application of 

reliance protection and the lack of clarity in the application criteria. In judicial precedents, although 

there are cases in which individual courts have taken the initiative to apply the principle of reliance 

protection due to the specificity of the case, such cases are not common in the overall judicial practice. 

Courts are usually conservative in dealing with cases involving reliance protection and do not easily 



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hand down supplementary or expansive judgements, resulting in the judicial effectiveness of reliance 

protection not being brought into full play. 

4.3 Uncertainty of the Applicable Criteria for Reliance Protection 

The uncertainty of the application standard of reliance protection is also an important reason why it is 

difficult to be widely used in the judicial field. Reliance protection should be based on the behavior or 

commitment of the administrative organ, but in practice, how to define whether the administrative act 

constitutes lawful reliance, the scope of protection of reliance interests in the end what should be 

included, these issues have not yet formed a unified standard. For example, in the field of 

administrative agreement, although the application of reliance protection is reflected, but due to the 

lack of clear legal provisions, the court in judging the specific application of reliance protection often 

exists in different interpretation space, which makes the application of the standard of reliance 

protection has uncertainty. 

4.4 The Administrative Agreement in the Protection of Reliance 

In the judicial application of administrative agreement, the protection of reliance also faces the problem 

of balance between public interest and reliance interests. Administrative agreement involves the 

interests of the administrative relative is often not only the private interests, but also includes the public 

interest. How to accurately measure the relationship between public interests and reliance interests in 

administrative agreements has become a difficult issue. The problem of determining the basis of 

reliance protection also stands out, as different courts may adopt different standards in determining the 

basis of reliance, resulting in inconsistent judgement results. In addition, the lack of clarity on the scope 

of compensation for reliance interests is also one of the important factors limiting the application of 

reliance protection in the field of administrative agreements. Due to the lack of specific compensation 

standards, it is often difficult for the court to quantify the loss of reliance interests when making 

judgements, thus leading to a significant reduction in the actual effect of reliance protection. 

4.5 Insufficient Perfection of Laws and Release of Administrative Effectiveness of Reliance Protection 

Due to the imperfection of the legislation on reliance protection and the insufficient application in 

judicial practice, the administrative efficacy has not been fully released. When administrative organs 

formulate and implement policies, they may lack sufficient stability and transparency, resulting in the 

administrative relative not being able to make reasonable expectations based on clear rules, thus 

affecting the overall rule of law environment and administrative efficiency of the society. Reliance 

protection, as an important means of safeguarding administrative stability and legal expectations, 

should be applied to a wider range of administrative behaviors, so as to enhance the predictability and 

fairness of administrative behavior and improve administrative effectiveness. 

 

 

 

 



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5. Countermeasures and Improvement 

In view of the above problems, the corresponding legislative system should be improved, the quality of 

administrative legislation should be improved, the scope of application should be clarified, or 

corresponding explanations should be issued to meet the needs of administrative law enforcement and 

judicial diversity. Unify the standard for determining the basis of reliance, clarify the legitimate and 

reasonable administrative eligible subjects, and when applying the protection of reliance, clarify the 

hierarchy and value level with other principles, so as to achieve non-conflict and non-interference, and 

apply the relevant principles accurately and quickly. In terms of judgment, the reliance expectation of 

the administrative relative shall be fully considered, and the possibility of foreseeing the reliance 

benefit shall be comprehensively considered. As for the measurement of public interest and reliance 

interest, various factors should be considered comprehensively, such as the price standard at the time, 

and the minimum protection amount should be set to set up the minimum initiation procedure. For 

different areas of application, apply different minimum compensation standards, and set up strict 

procedures. Similarly, as most disputes occur when the duty of care is not clear, the duty of care should 

be clearly indicated. It should be made clear that administrative agreements, etc., are presumed to be 

valid when they cannot be proved to be invalid, so as to avoid damages caused by excessive abuse of 

power. Clarify the compensation standards for direct and indirect losses, and realize the flexible 

transformation of compensation and indemnity. Lastly, regular evaluation of administrative subjects in 

accordance with the law shall be carried out to ensure the normal exercise of their powers and authority, 

in keeping with the rule of law government. 

 

References 

Chen, T. T. (2015). On the Limited Extension and Moderate Balance of Reliance Protection—Taking 

the Case Analysis of Interest Measurement as a Perspective. Legal Expo, 2015(15), 5-8. 

Li, X. P. (2023). The application of trust protection principle in the field of administrative punishment 

and its development. Journal of Guangxi Police College, 36(05), 1-11. 

Lu, Z. F., & Zhang, D. (2023). Study on the application of administrative reliance protection principle. 

Journal of Shantou University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 39(03), 41-48, 95. 

Wang, G. S. (2015). The Protection of Reliance Interests by the Principle of Administration in 

accordance with Law-Analysis of the Case of Yimin Company v. Zhoukou Municipal 

Government of Henan Province and Other Administrative Acts in Violation of the Law. Jiao Tong 

University Law, 2015(01), 167-175. 

Wu, R. R. (2022). Discussion on the application of reliance protection principle in administrative 

agreement litigation. Journal of Guangxi Political and Law Management Cadre College, 37(06), 

29-38. 

Xu, Z. M. (2023). On the judicial review of administrative agreement contracting procedure. Huxiang 

Law Review, 3(04), 29-45. 



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Yu, L. Y. (2022). Localized Construction of Integrity Government Theory—The Introduction and 

Development of Honesty and Trust, Reliance Protection and Legitimate Expectation. Tsinghua 

Law, 16(04), 125-147. 

Zhou, W. F. (2003). On the principle of protection of reliance in administrative law. Political Law 

Series, 2003(02), 75-78. 

 


