id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
elp-55513	1	1	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	1	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	1	3	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	1	5	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	1	6	issn	issn	VERB
elp-55513	1	7	2576	2576	NUM
elp-55513	1	8	-	-	SYM
elp-55513	1	9	2060	2060	NUM
elp-55513	1	10	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	1	11	print	print	NOUN
elp-55513	1	12	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	1	13	issn	issn	PROPN
elp-55513	1	14	2576	2576	NUM
elp-55513	1	15	-	-	SYM
elp-55513	1	16	2052	2052	NUM
elp-55513	1	17	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	1	18	online	online	ADJ
elp-55513	1	19	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	1	20	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	1	21	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	2	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	2	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	2	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	2	8	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	VERB
elp-55513	2	9	148	148	NUM
elp-55513	2	10	original	original	ADJ
elp-55513	2	11	paper	paper	NOUN
elp-55513	2	12	research	research	NOUN
elp-55513	2	13	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	2	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	2	15	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	2	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	2	17	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	2	18	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	2	19	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	2	20	chen	chen	PROPN
elp-55513	2	21	xinlong	xinlong	PROPN
elp-55513	2	22	1	1	NUM
elp-55513	2	23	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	24	yijia	yijia	PROPN
elp-55513	2	25	guo	guo	PROPN
elp-55513	2	26	2	2	PROPN
elp-55513	2	27	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	28	tongxu	tongxu	ADP
elp-55513	2	29	ren	ren	PROPN
elp-55513	2	30	2	2	NUM
elp-55513	2	31	&	&	CCONJ
elp-55513	2	32	yangbo	yangbo	PROPN
elp-55513	2	33	jiang	jiang	PROPN
elp-55513	2	34	2	2	NUM
elp-55513	2	35	1	1	NUM
elp-55513	2	36	institute	institute	NOUN
elp-55513	2	37	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	2	38	problem	problem	NOUN
elp-55513	2	39	solving	solving	NOUN
elp-55513	2	40	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	41	dalian	dalian	PROPN
elp-55513	2	42	ocean	ocean	PROPN
elp-55513	2	43	university	university	PROPN
elp-55513	2	44	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	45	heishijiao	heishijiao	PROPN
elp-55513	2	46	street	street	PROPN
elp-55513	2	47	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	48	dalian	dalian	PROPN
elp-55513	2	49	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	50	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	2	51	2	2	NUM
elp-55513	2	52	school	school	NOUN
elp-55513	2	53	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	2	54	marine	marine	ADJ
elp-55513	2	55	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	2	56	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	2	57	humanities	humanity	NOUN
elp-55513	2	58	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	59	dalian	dalian	PROPN
elp-55513	2	60	ocean	ocean	PROPN
elp-55513	2	61	university	university	PROPN
elp-55513	2	62	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	63	liaoning	liaoning	PROPN
elp-55513	2	64	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	65	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	2	66	received	receive	VERB
elp-55513	2	67	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	68	november	november	PROPN
elp-55513	2	69	29	29	NUM
elp-55513	2	70	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	71	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	2	72	accepted	accept	VERB
elp-55513	2	73	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	74	december	december	PROPN
elp-55513	2	75	12	12	NUM
elp-55513	2	76	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	77	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	2	78	online	online	ADV
elp-55513	2	79	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	2	80	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	81	december	december	PROPN
elp-55513	2	82	14	14	NUM
elp-55513	2	83	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	84	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	2	85	doi:10.22158	doi:10.22158	NOUN
elp-55513	2	86	/	/	SYM
elp-55513	2	87	elp.v7n3p148	elp.v7n3p148	NOUN
elp-55513	2	88	url	url	NOUN
elp-55513	2	89	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	90	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v7n3p148	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v7n3p148	NOUN
elp-55513	2	91	abstract	abstract	ADP
elp-55513	2	92	this	this	DET
elp-55513	2	93	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	2	94	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	95	based	base	VERB
elp-55513	2	96	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	2	97	the	the	DET
elp-55513	2	98	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	2	99	state	state	NOUN
elp-55513	2	100	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	2	101	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	2	102	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	2	103	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	2	104	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	2	105	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	2	106	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	2	107	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	2	108	a	a	DET
elp-55513	2	109	focus	focus	NOUN
elp-55513	2	110	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	2	111	improving	improve	VERB
elp-55513	2	112	the	the	DET
elp-55513	2	113	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	2	114	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	2	115	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	2	116	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	2	117	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	2	118	explores	explore	VERB
elp-55513	2	119	the	the	DET
elp-55513	2	120	construction	construction	NOUN
elp-55513	2	121	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	2	122	an	an	DET
elp-55513	2	123	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	2	124	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	2	125	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	2	126	tailored	tailor	VERB
elp-55513	2	127	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	2	128	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	2	129	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	2	130	national	national	ADJ
elp-55513	2	131	context	context	NOUN
elp-55513	2	132	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	2	133	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
elp-55513	2	134	international	international	ADJ
elp-55513	2	135	concepts	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	2	136	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	2	137	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	2	138	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	2	139	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	2	140	practices	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	2	141	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	2	142	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	2	143	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	2	144	systems	system	NOUN
elp-55513	2	145	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	2	146	other	other	ADJ
elp-55513	2	147	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
elp-55513	2	148	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	3	1	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	3	2	analyzing	analyze	VERB
elp-55513	3	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	3	4	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	3	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	3	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	3	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	3	8	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	3	9	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	3	10	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	3	11	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	3	12	substantive	substantive	ADJ
elp-55513	3	13	values	value	NOUN
elp-55513	3	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	3	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	3	16	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	3	17	identifies	identify	VERB
elp-55513	3	18	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	3	19	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	3	20	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	3	21	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	3	22	existing	exist	VERB
elp-55513	3	23	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	3	24	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	3	25	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	3	26	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	3	27	particularly	particularly	ADV
elp-55513	3	28	regarding	regard	VERB
elp-55513	3	29	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	3	30	’	’	PART
elp-55513	3	31	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	3	32	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	3	33	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	3	34	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	3	35	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	3	36	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	3	37	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	3	38	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	3	39	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	3	40	the	the	DET
elp-55513	3	41	role	role	NOUN
elp-55513	3	42	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	3	43	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	3	44	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	3	45	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	4	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	4	2	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	4	3	argues	argue	VERB
elp-55513	4	4	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	4	5	introducing	introduce	VERB
elp-55513	4	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	4	7	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	4	8	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	4	9	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	4	10	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	4	11	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	4	12	establishing	establish	VERB
elp-55513	4	13	an	an	DET
elp-55513	4	14	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	4	15	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	4	16	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	4	17	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	4	18	clear	clear	ADJ
elp-55513	4	19	standards	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	4	20	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	4	21	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	4	22	’	’	PART
elp-55513	4	23	performance	performance	NOUN
elp-55513	4	24	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	4	25	remedial	remedial	ADJ
elp-55513	4	26	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
elp-55513	4	27	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	4	28	essential	essential	ADJ
elp-55513	4	29	steps	step	NOUN
elp-55513	4	30	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	4	31	improving	improve	VERB
elp-55513	4	32	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	4	33	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	4	34	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	4	35	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	4	36	framework	framework	NOUN
elp-55513	4	37	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	5	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
elp-55513	5	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	5	3	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	5	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	5	5	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	5	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	5	7	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	5	8	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	5	9	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	5	10	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	5	11	a	a	DET
elp-55513	5	12	crucial	crucial	ADJ
elp-55513	5	13	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
elp-55513	5	14	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	5	15	achieving	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	5	16	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	5	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	5	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	6	1	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	6	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	6	3	institutionalization	institutionalization	NOUN
elp-55513	6	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	6	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	6	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	6	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	6	8	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	6	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	6	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	6	11	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	6	12	aims	aim	VERB
elp-55513	6	13	to	to	PART
elp-55513	6	14	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	6	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	6	16	fairness	fairness	NOUN
elp-55513	6	17	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	6	18	authority	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	6	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	6	20	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	6	21	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	6	22	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	6	23	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	6	24	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	6	25	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	6	26	thereby	thereby	ADV
elp-55513	6	27	advancing	advance	VERB
elp-55513	6	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	6	29	high	high	ADJ
elp-55513	6	30	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	6	31	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	6	32	development	development	NOUN
elp-55513	6	33	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	6	34	the	the	DET
elp-55513	6	35	rule	rule	NOUN
elp-55513	6	36	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	6	37	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	6	38	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	7	1	keywords	keyword	VERB
elp-55513	7	2	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	7	3	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	7	4	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	7	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	7	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	7	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	7	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	7	9	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	7	10	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	7	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	7	12	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	7	13	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	7	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	7	15	extraterritorial	extraterritorial	ADJ
elp-55513	7	16	reference	reference	NOUN
elp-55513	7	17	1	1	NUM
elp-55513	7	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	8	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
elp-55513	8	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	8	3	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	8	4	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	8	5	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	8	6	plays	play	VERB
elp-55513	8	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	8	8	critical	critical	ADJ
elp-55513	8	9	role	role	NOUN
elp-55513	8	10	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	8	11	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	8	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	8	13	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
elp-55513	8	14	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	8	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	8	16	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	8	17	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	8	18	reflects	reflect	VERB
elp-55513	8	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	8	20	level	level	NOUN
elp-55513	8	21	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	8	22	human	human	ADJ
elp-55513	8	23	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	8	24	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	8	25	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	8	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	8	27	development	development	NOUN
elp-55513	8	28	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	8	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	8	30	rule	rule	NOUN
elp-55513	8	31	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	8	32	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	8	33	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	8	34	a	a	DET
elp-55513	8	35	country	country	NOUN
elp-55513	8	36	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	9	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	9	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	9	3	evolution	evolution	NOUN
elp-55513	9	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	9	5	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	9	6	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	9	7	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	9	8	litigation	litigation	NOUN
elp-55513	9	9	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	9	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	9	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	9	12	scope	scope	NOUN
elp-55513	9	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	9	14	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	9	15	’	’	PART
elp-55513	9	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	9	17	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	9	18	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	9	19	gradually	gradually	ADV
elp-55513	9	20	expanded	expand	VERB
elp-55513	9	21	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	9	22	progressing	progress	VERB
elp-55513	9	23	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	9	24	being	be	AUX
elp-55513	9	25	limited	limit	VERB
elp-55513	9	26	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	9	27	the	the	DET
elp-55513	9	28	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	9	29	stage	stage	NOUN
elp-55513	9	30	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	9	31	encompassing	encompass	VERB
elp-55513	9	32	the	the	DET
elp-55513	9	33	review	review	NOUN
elp-55513	9	34	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	9	35	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
elp-55513	9	36	stages	stage	NOUN
elp-55513	9	37	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	10	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	10	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	10	3	problems	problem	NOUN
elp-55513	10	4	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	10	5	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	10	6	low	low	ADJ
elp-55513	10	7	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	10	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	10	9	rates	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	10	10	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	10	11	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
elp-55513	10	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	10	13	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	10	14	have	have	AUX
elp-55513	10	15	persisted	persist	VERB
elp-55513	10	16	over	over	ADP
elp-55513	10	17	time	time	NOUN
elp-55513	10	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	11	1	to	to	PART
elp-55513	11	2	address	address	VERB
elp-55513	11	3	these	these	DET
elp-55513	11	4	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	11	5	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	11	6	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	11	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	11	8	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
elp-55513	11	9	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	11	10	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	11	11	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	11	12	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	11	13	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	NOUN
elp-55513	11	14	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	11	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	11	16	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	11	17	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	11	18	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	11	19	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	11	20	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	12	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	12	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	12	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	12	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	12	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	12	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	12	8	149	149	NUM
elp-55513	12	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	12	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	12	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	12	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	12	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	12	14	litigation	litigation	PROPN
elp-55513	12	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	12	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	12	17	supreme	supreme	PROPN
elp-55513	12	18	people	people	PROPN
elp-55513	12	19	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	12	20	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	12	21	issued	issue	VERB
elp-55513	12	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	12	23	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	12	24	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	12	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	12	26	pilot	pilot	NOUN
elp-55513	12	27	program	program	NOUN
elp-55513	12	28	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	12	29	full	full	ADJ
elp-55513	12	30	coverage	coverage	NOUN
elp-55513	12	31	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	12	32	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	12	33	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	12	34	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	12	35	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	12	36	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	12	37	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	12	38	2017	2017	NUM
elp-55513	12	39	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	13	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	13	2	initiative	initiative	NOUN
elp-55513	13	3	significantly	significantly	ADV
elp-55513	13	4	increased	increase	VERB
elp-55513	13	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	13	6	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	13	7	rates	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	13	8	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	13	9	pilot	pilot	NOUN
elp-55513	13	10	regions	region	NOUN
elp-55513	13	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	13	12	achieving	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	13	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	13	14	initial	initial	ADJ
elp-55513	13	15	goal	goal	NOUN
elp-55513	13	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	13	17	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	13	18	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	13	19	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	13	20	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	13	21	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	14	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
elp-55513	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	14	3	merely	merely	ADV
elp-55513	14	4	achieving	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	14	5	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	14	6	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	14	7	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	14	8	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	14	9	not	not	PART
elp-55513	14	10	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
elp-55513	14	11	to	to	PART
elp-55513	14	12	meet	meet	VERB
elp-55513	14	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	14	14	demands	demand	NOUN
elp-55513	14	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	14	16	a	a	DET
elp-55513	14	17	modern	modern	ADJ
elp-55513	14	18	rule	rule	NOUN
elp-55513	14	19	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	14	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	14	21	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	14	22	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	14	23	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	14	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	15	1	numerous	numerous	ADJ
elp-55513	15	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
elp-55513	15	3	remain	remain	VERB
elp-55513	15	4	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	15	5	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	15	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	15	7	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	15	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	15	9	including	include	VERB
elp-55513	15	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	15	11	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
elp-55513	15	12	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	15	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	15	14	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	15	15	’	’	PART
elp-55513	15	16	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	15	17	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	15	18	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	15	19	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	15	20	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	15	21	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	15	22	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	15	23	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	15	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	15	25	as	as	ADV
elp-55513	15	26	well	well	ADV
elp-55513	15	27	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	15	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	15	29	unclear	unclear	ADJ
elp-55513	15	30	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	15	31	status	status	NOUN
elp-55513	15	32	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	15	33	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	15	34	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	15	35	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	16	1	these	these	DET
elp-55513	16	2	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	16	3	hinder	hinder	VERB
elp-55513	16	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	16	5	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	16	6	functioning	functioning	NOUN
elp-55513	16	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	16	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	16	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	16	10	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	16	11	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	16	12	make	make	VERB
elp-55513	16	13	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	16	14	difficult	difficult	ADJ
elp-55513	16	15	to	to	PART
elp-55513	16	16	achieve	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	16	17	a	a	DET
elp-55513	16	18	transition	transition	NOUN
elp-55513	16	19	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	16	20	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	16	21	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	16	22	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	16	23	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	16	24	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	16	25	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	16	26	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	16	27	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	16	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	17	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	17	2	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	17	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	17	4	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	17	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	17	6	provides	provide	VERB
elp-55513	17	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	17	8	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
elp-55513	17	9	foundation	foundation	NOUN
elp-55513	17	10	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	17	11	addressing	address	VERB
elp-55513	17	12	these	these	DET
elp-55513	17	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
elp-55513	17	14	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	17	15	offers	offer	VERB
elp-55513	17	16	guidance	guidance	NOUN
elp-55513	17	17	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	17	18	further	far	ADV
elp-55513	17	19	improving	improve	VERB
elp-55513	17	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	17	21	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	17	22	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	17	23	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	17	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	18	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	18	3	academic	academic	ADJ
elp-55513	18	4	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	18	5	practical	practical	ADJ
elp-55513	18	6	research	research	NOUN
elp-55513	18	7	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	18	8	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	18	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	18	10	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	18	11	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	18	12	remains	remain	VERB
elp-55513	18	13	limited	limited	ADJ
elp-55513	18	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	18	15	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	18	16	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	18	17	is	be	VERB
elp-55513	18	18	no	no	DET
elp-55513	18	19	unified	unified	ADJ
elp-55513	18	20	standard	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	18	21	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	18	22	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
elp-55513	18	23	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	18	24	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
elp-55513	18	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	19	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
elp-55513	19	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	19	3	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	19	4	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	19	5	imperative	imperative	ADJ
elp-55513	19	6	to	to	PART
elp-55513	19	7	explore	explore	VERB
elp-55513	19	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	19	9	connotation	connotation	NOUN
elp-55513	19	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	19	11	criteria	criterion	NOUN
elp-55513	19	12	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	19	13	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	19	14	implementation	implementation	NOUN
elp-55513	19	15	pathways	pathway	NOUN
elp-55513	19	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	19	17	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	19	18	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	19	19	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	19	20	both	both	CCONJ
elp-55513	19	21	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
elp-55513	19	22	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	19	23	practical	practical	ADJ
elp-55513	19	24	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	19	25	to	to	PART
elp-55513	19	26	advance	advance	VERB
elp-55513	19	27	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	19	28	integration	integration	NOUN
elp-55513	19	29	into	into	ADP
elp-55513	19	30	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	19	31	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	19	32	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	19	33	litigation	litigation	NOUN
elp-55513	19	34	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	19	35	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	20	1	2	2	X
elp-55513	20	2	.	.	X
elp-55513	20	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	20	4	basic	basic	ADJ
elp-55513	20	5	theory	theory	NOUN
elp-55513	20	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	20	7	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	20	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	20	9	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	20	10	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	20	11	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	20	12	2.1	2.1	NUM
elp-55513	20	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	20	14	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	20	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	20	16	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	20	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	20	18	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	20	19	determination	determination	NOUN
elp-55513	20	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	20	21	standards	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	20	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	20	23	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	20	24	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	20	25	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	20	26	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	20	27	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	20	28	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	20	29	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	20	30	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	20	31	directly	directly	ADV
elp-55513	20	32	interpreted	interpret	VERB
elp-55513	20	33	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	20	34	the	the	DET
elp-55513	20	35	meanings	meaning	NOUN
elp-55513	20	36	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	20	37	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	20	38	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	20	39	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	20	40	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	20	41	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	20	42	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	20	43	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	20	44	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	20	45	chinese	chinese	PROPN
elp-55513	20	46	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	1	first	first	ADV
elp-55513	21	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	3	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	4	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	21	5	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	6	refers	refer	VERB
elp-55513	21	7	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	21	8	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	9	achieving	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	21	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	21	11	intended	intended	ADJ
elp-55513	21	12	purpose	purpose	NOUN
elp-55513	21	13	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	15	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	21	16	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	21	18	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	19	means	mean	VERB
elp-55513	21	20	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	21	providing	provide	VERB
elp-55513	21	22	arguments	argument	NOUN
elp-55513	21	23	to	to	PART
elp-55513	21	24	protect	protect	VERB
elp-55513	21	25	oneself	oneself	PRON
elp-55513	21	26	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	21	27	a	a	DET
elp-55513	21	28	third	third	ADJ
elp-55513	21	29	party	party	NOUN
elp-55513	21	30	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	21	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	22	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
elp-55513	22	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	22	3	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	22	4	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	22	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	22	6	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	22	7	refers	refer	VERB
elp-55513	22	8	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	22	9	a	a	DET
elp-55513	22	10	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	22	11	counsel	counsel	NOUN
elp-55513	22	12	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	22	13	activities	activity	NOUN
elp-55513	22	14	aimed	aim	VERB
elp-55513	22	15	at	at	ADP
elp-55513	22	16	achieving	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	22	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	22	18	intended	intend	VERB
elp-55513	22	19	objectives	objective	NOUN
elp-55513	22	20	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	22	21	behalf	behalf	NOUN
elp-55513	22	22	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	22	23	the	the	DET
elp-55513	22	24	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	22	25	literally	literally	ADV
elp-55513	22	26	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	23	1	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	23	2	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	23	3	is	be	VERB
elp-55513	23	4	no	no	DET
elp-55513	23	5	unified	unified	ADJ
elp-55513	23	6	standard	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	23	7	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	23	8	what	what	PRON
elp-55513	23	9	constitutes	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	23	10	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	23	11	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	23	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	23	13	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	23	14	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	23	15	either	either	CCONJ
elp-55513	23	16	academic	academic	ADJ
elp-55513	23	17	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	23	18	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	23	19	circles	circle	NOUN
elp-55513	23	20	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	23	21	as	as	SCONJ
elp-55513	23	22	interpretations	interpretation	NOUN
elp-55513	23	23	vary	vary	VERB
elp-55513	23	24	depending	depend	VERB
elp-55513	23	25	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	23	26	individual	individual	ADJ
elp-55513	23	27	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	23	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	24	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	24	2	way	way	NOUN
elp-55513	24	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	24	4	people	people	NOUN
elp-55513	24	5	judging	judge	VERB
elp-55513	24	6	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	24	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	24	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	24	9	behavior	behavior	NOUN
elp-55513	24	10	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	24	11	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	24	12	various	various	ADJ
elp-55513	24	13	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	25	1	some	some	DET
elp-55513	25	2	scholars	scholar	NOUN
elp-55513	25	3	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
elp-55513	25	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	25	5	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
elp-55513	25	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	25	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	25	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	25	9	based	base	VERB
elp-55513	25	10	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	25	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	25	12	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	25	13	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	25	14	behavior	behavior	NOUN
elp-55513	25	15	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	25	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	25	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	25	18	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	25	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	25	20	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	25	21	others	other	NOUN
elp-55513	25	22	focus	focus	VERB
elp-55513	25	23	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	25	24	the	the	DET
elp-55513	25	25	purpose	purpose	NOUN
elp-55513	25	26	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	25	27	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	25	28	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	25	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	25	30	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	25	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	26	1	still	still	ADV
elp-55513	26	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	26	3	some	some	PRON
elp-55513	26	4	believe	believe	VERB
elp-55513	26	5	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	26	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	26	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	26	8	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	26	9	defined	define	VERB
elp-55513	26	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	26	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	26	12	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	26	13	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	26	14	due	due	ADJ
elp-55513	26	15	diligence	diligence	NOUN
elp-55513	26	16	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	27	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	27	2	a	a	DET
elp-55513	27	3	better	well	ADJ
elp-55513	27	4	understanding	understanding	NOUN
elp-55513	27	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	27	6	this	this	DET
elp-55513	27	7	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	27	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	27	9	we	we	PRON
elp-55513	27	10	need	need	VERB
elp-55513	27	11	to	to	PART
elp-55513	27	12	know	know	VERB
elp-55513	27	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	27	14	core	core	NOUN
elp-55513	27	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	27	16	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	27	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	27	18	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	27	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	27	20	core	core	NOUN
elp-55513	27	21	heart	heart	NOUN
elp-55513	27	22	lies	lie	VERB
elp-55513	27	23	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	27	24	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	27	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	27	26	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	27	27	counsel	counsel	NOUN
elp-55513	27	28	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	27	29	efforts	effort	NOUN
elp-55513	27	30	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
elp-55513	27	31	achieved	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	27	32	the	the	DET
elp-55513	27	33	expected	expect	VERB
elp-55513	27	34	results	result	NOUN
elp-55513	27	35	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	28	1	to	to	PART
elp-55513	28	2	judge	judge	VERB
elp-55513	28	3	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	28	4	a	a	DET
elp-55513	28	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	28	6	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	28	7	valid	valid	ADJ
elp-55513	28	8	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	28	9	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	28	10	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	28	11	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	28	12	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	28	13	judged	judge	VERB
elp-55513	28	14	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	28	15	two	two	NUM
elp-55513	28	16	different	different	ADJ
elp-55513	28	17	angles	angle	NOUN
elp-55513	28	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	29	1	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	29	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	29	3	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	29	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	29	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	29	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	29	7	counsel	counsel	NOUN
elp-55513	29	8	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	29	9	actions	action	NOUN
elp-55513	29	10	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	29	11	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	29	12	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	29	13	oriented	orient	VERB
elp-55513	29	14	):	):	PUNCT
elp-55513	29	15	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	29	16	involves	involve	VERB
elp-55513	29	17	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
elp-55513	29	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	29	19	objective	objective	ADJ
elp-55513	29	20	conduct	conduct	NOUN
elp-55513	29	21	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	29	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	29	23	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	29	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	29	25	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	29	26	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	29	27	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	29	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	29	29	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	29	30	fulfilled	fulfil	VERB
elp-55513	29	31	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	29	32	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	29	33	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	29	34	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	29	35	strived	strive	VERB
elp-55513	29	36	to	to	PART
elp-55513	29	37	secure	secure	VERB
elp-55513	29	38	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
elp-55513	29	39	interests	interest	NOUN
elp-55513	29	40	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	29	41	the	the	DET
elp-55513	29	42	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	29	43	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	30	1	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	30	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	30	3	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	30	4	's	's	PART
elp-55513	30	5	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	30	6	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	30	7	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	30	8	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	30	9	oriented	orient	VERB
elp-55513	30	10	):	):	PUNCT
elp-55513	30	11	this	this	DET
elp-55513	30	12	approach	approach	NOUN
elp-55513	30	13	assesses	assess	VERB
elp-55513	30	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	30	15	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	30	16	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	30	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	30	18	based	base	VERB
elp-55513	30	19	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	30	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	30	21	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	30	22	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	30	23	the	the	DET
elp-55513	30	24	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	30	25	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	30	26	specifically	specifically	ADV
elp-55513	30	27	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	30	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	30	29	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	30	30	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	30	31	the	the	DET
elp-55513	30	32	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	30	33	aligned	align	VERB
elp-55513	30	34	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	30	35	the	the	DET
elp-55513	30	36	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	30	37	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	30	38	expectations	expectation	NOUN
elp-55513	30	39	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	31	1	these	these	DET
elp-55513	31	2	two	two	NUM
elp-55513	31	3	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	31	4	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	31	5	different	different	ADJ
elp-55513	31	6	criteria	criterion	NOUN
elp-55513	31	7	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	31	8	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	31	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	31	10	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	31	11	one	one	NUM
elp-55513	31	12	focuses	focus	VERB
elp-55513	31	13	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	31	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	31	15	diligence	diligence	NOUN
elp-55513	31	16	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	31	17	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
elp-55513	31	18	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	31	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	31	20	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	31	21	counsel	counsel	NOUN
elp-55513	31	22	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	31	23	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	31	24	the	the	DET
elp-55513	31	25	other	other	ADJ
elp-55513	31	26	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
elp-55513	31	27	the	the	DET
elp-55513	31	28	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	31	29	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	31	30	the	the	DET
elp-55513	31	31	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	31	32	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	31	33	achieving	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	31	34	the	the	DET
elp-55513	31	35	expected	expect	VERB
elp-55513	31	36	results	result	NOUN
elp-55513	31	37	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	32	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	VERB
elp-55513	32	2	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	32	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	32	4	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	32	5	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	32	6	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	32	7	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	32	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	33	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	33	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	33	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	33	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	33	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	33	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	33	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	33	8	150	150	NUM
elp-55513	33	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	33	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	33	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	33	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	33	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	33	14	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	33	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	33	16	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	33	17	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	33	18	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	33	19	very	very	ADV
elp-55513	33	20	serious	serious	ADJ
elp-55513	33	21	problems	problem	NOUN
elp-55513	33	22	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	33	23	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	33	24	results	result	NOUN
elp-55513	33	25	alone	alone	ADV
elp-55513	33	26	were	be	AUX
elp-55513	33	27	used	use	VERB
elp-55513	33	28	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	33	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	33	30	criterion	criterion	NOUN
elp-55513	33	31	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	33	32	defining	define	VERB
elp-55513	33	33	an	an	DET
elp-55513	33	34	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	33	35	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	33	36	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	34	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	34	2	example	example	NOUN
elp-55513	34	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	34	4	a	a	DET
elp-55513	34	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	34	6	attorney	attorney	NOUN
elp-55513	34	7	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	34	8	fully	fully	ADV
elp-55513	34	9	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
elp-55513	34	10	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	34	11	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	34	12	obligations	obligation	NOUN
elp-55513	34	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	34	14	meticulously	meticulously	ADV
elp-55513	34	15	prepare	prepare	VERB
elp-55513	34	16	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	34	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	34	18	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	34	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	34	20	skillfully	skillfully	ADV
elp-55513	34	21	apply	apply	VERB
elp-55513	34	22	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
elp-55513	34	23	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	34	24	techniques	technique	NOUN
elp-55513	34	25	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	34	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	34	27	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	34	28	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	34	29	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	34	30	present	present	VERB
elp-55513	34	31	a	a	DET
elp-55513	34	32	highly	highly	ADV
elp-55513	34	33	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
elp-55513	34	34	argument	argument	NOUN
elp-55513	34	35	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	35	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	35	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	35	4	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
elp-55513	35	5	decision	decision	NOUN
elp-55513	35	6	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	35	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	35	8	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	35	9	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	35	10	lies	lie	VERB
elp-55513	35	11	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	35	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	35	13	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	35	14	committee	committee	NOUN
elp-55513	35	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	35	16	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	35	17	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	35	18	not	not	PART
elp-55513	35	19	adopt	adopt	VERB
elp-55513	35	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	35	21	views	view	NOUN
elp-55513	35	22	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	35	23	the	the	DET
elp-55513	35	24	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	35	25	attorney	attorney	NOUN
elp-55513	35	26	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	36	1	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	36	2	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	36	3	clearly	clearly	ADV
elp-55513	36	4	unfair	unfair	ADJ
elp-55513	36	5	to	to	PART
elp-55513	36	6	condemn	condemn	VERB
elp-55513	36	7	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	36	8	even	even	ADV
elp-55513	36	9	punish	punish	VERB
elp-55513	36	10	a	a	DET
elp-55513	36	11	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	36	12	based	base	VERB
elp-55513	36	13	solely	solely	ADV
elp-55513	36	14	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	36	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	36	16	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	36	17	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	36	18	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	36	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	36	20	negative	negative	ADJ
elp-55513	36	21	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	36	22	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	36	23	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	36	24	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	36	25	defining	define	VERB
elp-55513	36	26	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	36	27	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	36	28	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	36	29	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	36	30	without	without	ADP
elp-55513	36	31	considering	consider	VERB
elp-55513	36	32	the	the	DET
elp-55513	36	33	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	36	34	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	36	35	efforts	effort	NOUN
elp-55513	36	36	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	36	37	fulfillment	fulfillment	NOUN
elp-55513	36	38	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	36	39	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	36	40	obligations	obligation	NOUN
elp-55513	36	41	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	37	1	another	another	DET
elp-55513	37	2	example	example	NOUN
elp-55513	37	3	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	37	4	aligns	align	VERB
elp-55513	37	5	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	37	6	common	common	ADJ
elp-55513	37	7	understanding	understanding	NOUN
elp-55513	37	8	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	37	9	when	when	SCONJ
elp-55513	37	10	a	a	DET
elp-55513	37	11	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	37	12	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	37	13	successfully	successfully	ADV
elp-55513	37	14	persuades	persuade	VERB
elp-55513	37	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	37	16	judge	judge	NOUN
elp-55513	37	17	to	to	PART
elp-55513	37	18	accept	accept	VERB
elp-55513	37	19	part	part	NOUN
elp-55513	37	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	37	21	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	37	22	arguments	argument	NOUN
elp-55513	37	23	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	37	24	resulting	result	VERB
elp-55513	37	25	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	37	26	a	a	DET
elp-55513	37	27	significantly	significantly	ADV
elp-55513	37	28	reduced	reduce	VERB
elp-55513	37	29	sentence	sentence	NOUN
elp-55513	37	30	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	37	31	the	the	DET
elp-55513	37	32	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	37	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	38	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	38	2	such	such	DET
elp-55513	38	3	a	a	DET
elp-55513	38	4	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	38	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	38	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	38	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	38	8	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	38	9	undoubtedly	undoubtedly	ADV
elp-55513	38	10	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	38	11	considered	consider	VERB
elp-55513	38	12	successful	successful	ADJ
elp-55513	38	13	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	39	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	39	3	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	39	4	a	a	DET
elp-55513	39	5	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	39	6	striving	strive	VERB
elp-55513	39	7	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	39	8	a	a	DET
elp-55513	39	9	complete	complete	ADJ
elp-55513	39	10	acquittal	acquittal	NOUN
elp-55513	39	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	39	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	39	13	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	39	14	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	39	15	efforts	effort	NOUN
elp-55513	39	16	might	might	AUX
elp-55513	39	17	not	not	PART
elp-55513	39	18	meet	meet	VERB
elp-55513	39	19	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	39	20	expectations	expectation	NOUN
elp-55513	39	21	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	40	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	40	2	highlights	highlight	VERB
elp-55513	40	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	40	4	inherent	inherent	ADJ
elp-55513	40	5	unreasonableness	unreasonableness	NOUN
elp-55513	40	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	40	7	solely	solely	ADV
elp-55513	40	8	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
elp-55513	40	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	40	10	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	40	11	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	40	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	40	13	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	40	14	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	40	15	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	40	16	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	41	1	herefore	herefore	ADV
elp-55513	41	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	41	3	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	41	4	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	41	5	behavior	behavior	NOUN
elp-55513	41	6	standard	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	41	7	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	41	8	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	41	9	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	41	10	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	41	11	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	41	12	refers	refer	NOUN
elp-55513	41	13	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	41	14	refer	refer	VERB
elp-55513	41	15	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	41	16	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	41	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	41	18	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	41	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	41	20	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	41	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	41	22	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	41	23	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	41	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	41	25	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	41	26	actively	actively	ADV
elp-55513	41	27	fulfilled	fulfil	VERB
elp-55513	41	28	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	41	29	corresponding	correspond	VERB
elp-55513	41	30	obligations	obligation	NOUN
elp-55513	41	31	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	41	32	performed	perform	VERB
elp-55513	41	33	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	41	34	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	41	35	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	41	36	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	41	37	exercised	exercise	VERB
elp-55513	41	38	due	due	ADJ
elp-55513	41	39	diligence	diligence	NOUN
elp-55513	41	40	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	42	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	42	2	example	example	NOUN
elp-55513	42	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	42	4	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	42	5	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	42	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	42	7	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	42	8	includes	include	VERB
elp-55513	42	9	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	42	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	42	11	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	42	12	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	42	13	engaged	engage	VERB
elp-55513	42	14	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	42	15	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
elp-55513	42	16	communication	communication	NOUN
elp-55513	42	17	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	42	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	42	19	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	42	20	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	42	21	presented	present	VERB
elp-55513	42	22	valuable	valuable	ADJ
elp-55513	42	23	arguments	argument	NOUN
elp-55513	42	24	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	42	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	42	26	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	42	27	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	42	28	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	42	29	provided	provide	VERB
elp-55513	42	30	a	a	DET
elp-55513	42	31	substantive	substantive	ADJ
elp-55513	42	32	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	42	33	to	to	PART
elp-55513	42	34	challenge	challenge	VERB
elp-55513	42	35	the	the	DET
elp-55513	42	36	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
elp-55513	42	37	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	42	38	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	42	39	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	43	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	43	2	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	43	3	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	43	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	43	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	43	6	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	43	7	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	43	8	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	43	9	judged	judge	VERB
elp-55513	43	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	43	11	a	a	DET
elp-55513	43	12	relatively	relatively	ADV
elp-55513	43	13	controllable	controllable	ADJ
elp-55513	43	14	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	43	15	determinable	determinable	ADJ
elp-55513	43	16	standard	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	43	17	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	43	18	conduct	conduct	NOUN
elp-55513	43	19	rather	rather	ADV
elp-55513	43	20	than	than	ADP
elp-55513	43	21	a	a	DET
elp-55513	43	22	standard	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	43	23	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	43	24	result	result	NOUN
elp-55513	43	25	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	43	26	since	since	SCONJ
elp-55513	43	27	the	the	DET
elp-55513	43	28	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	43	29	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	43	30	the	the	DET
elp-55513	43	31	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	43	32	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	43	33	affected	affect	VERB
elp-55513	43	34	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	43	35	various	various	ADJ
elp-55513	43	36	factors	factor	NOUN
elp-55513	43	37	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	43	38	no	no	DET
elp-55513	43	39	one	one	NOUN
elp-55513	43	40	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	43	41	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
elp-55513	43	42	the	the	DET
elp-55513	43	43	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	43	44	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	43	45	the	the	DET
elp-55513	43	46	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	43	47	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	44	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	2	author	author	NOUN
elp-55513	44	3	believes	believe	VERB
elp-55513	44	4	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	44	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	44	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	44	8	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	44	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	10	defender	defender	NOUN
elp-55513	44	11	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	44	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	13	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	44	14	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	44	15	to	to	PART
elp-55513	44	16	actively	actively	ADV
elp-55513	44	17	perform	perform	VERB
elp-55513	44	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	19	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
elp-55513	44	20	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	44	21	obligations	obligation	NOUN
elp-55513	44	22	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	44	23	as	as	ADV
elp-55513	44	24	far	far	ADV
elp-55513	44	25	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	44	26	possible	possible	ADJ
elp-55513	44	27	to	to	PART
elp-55513	44	28	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	44	29	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	44	30	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	31	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	44	32	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	44	33	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	44	34	obligations	obligation	NOUN
elp-55513	44	35	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	44	36	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	37	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	44	38	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	44	39	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	44	40	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	44	41	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	44	42	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	43	results	result	NOUN
elp-55513	44	44	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	44	45	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	46	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	44	47	does	do	AUX
elp-55513	44	48	not	not	PART
elp-55513	44	49	have	have	VERB
elp-55513	44	50	a	a	DET
elp-55513	44	51	direct	direct	ADJ
elp-55513	44	52	relationship	relationship	NOUN
elp-55513	44	53	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	44	54	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	44	55	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	44	56	supported	support	VERB
elp-55513	44	57	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	44	58	the	the	DET
elp-55513	44	59	research	research	NOUN
elp-55513	44	60	results	result	NOUN
elp-55513	44	61	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	44	62	most	most	ADJ
elp-55513	44	63	scholars	scholar	NOUN
elp-55513	44	64	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	45	1	no	no	DET
elp-55513	45	2	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	45	3	party	party	NOUN
elp-55513	45	4	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	45	5	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
elp-55513	45	6	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	45	7	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	45	8	arguments	argument	NOUN
elp-55513	45	9	will	will	AUX
elp-55513	45	10	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	45	11	accepted	accept	VERB
elp-55513	45	12	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	45	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	45	14	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	45	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	45	16	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	45	17	an	an	DET
elp-55513	45	18	unreasonable	unreasonable	ADJ
elp-55513	45	19	definition	definition	NOUN
elp-55513	45	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	45	21	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	45	22	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	45	23	could	could	AUX
elp-55513	45	24	undermine	undermine	VERB
elp-55513	45	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	45	26	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	45	27	enthusiasm	enthusiasm	NOUN
elp-55513	45	28	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	45	29	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	45	30	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	45	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	46	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	46	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	46	3	without	without	ADP
elp-55513	46	4	clear	clear	ADJ
elp-55513	46	5	constraints	constraint	NOUN
elp-55513	46	6	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	46	7	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	46	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	46	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	46	10	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	46	11	a	a	DET
elp-55513	46	12	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	46	13	merely	merely	ADV
elp-55513	46	14	goes	go	VERB
elp-55513	46	15	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	46	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	46	17	motions	motion	NOUN
elp-55513	46	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	46	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	46	20	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	46	21	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	46	22	interests	interest	NOUN
elp-55513	46	23	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	46	24	not	not	PART
elp-55513	46	25	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	46	26	adequately	adequately	ADV
elp-55513	46	27	protected	protect	VERB
elp-55513	46	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	47	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
elp-55513	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	47	3	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	47	4	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	47	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
elp-55513	47	6	to	to	PART
elp-55513	47	7	establish	establish	VERB
elp-55513	47	8	clear	clear	ADJ
elp-55513	47	9	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
elp-55513	47	10	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	48	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	48	2	u.s	u.s	PROPN
elp-55513	48	3	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	48	4	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	48	5	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	48	6	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	48	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	48	8	counsel	counsel	NOUN
elp-55513	48	9	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	48	10	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
elp-55513	48	11	offers	offer	VERB
elp-55513	48	12	valuable	valuable	ADJ
elp-55513	48	13	insights	insight	NOUN
elp-55513	48	14	to	to	PART
elp-55513	48	15	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	48	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	48	17	implementation	implementation	NOUN
elp-55513	48	18	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	48	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	48	20	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	48	21	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	48	22	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	48	23	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	48	24	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	48	25	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	48	26	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	48	27	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	49	1	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	49	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	49	3	u.s	u.s	PROPN
elp-55513	49	4	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	49	5	supreme	supreme	PROPN
elp-55513	49	6	court	court	PROPN
elp-55513	49	7	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	49	8	not	not	PART
elp-55513	49	9	provided	provide	VERB
elp-55513	49	10	a	a	DET
elp-55513	49	11	specific	specific	ADJ
elp-55513	49	12	definition	definition	NOUN
elp-55513	49	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	49	14	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	49	15	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	49	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	49	17	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	49	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	49	19	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	49	20	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	49	21	clarified	clarify	VERB
elp-55513	49	22	what	what	PRON
elp-55513	49	23	constitutes	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	49	24	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	49	25	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	49	26	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	49	27	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	49	28	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	49	29	reverse	reverse	ADJ
elp-55513	49	30	legislation	legislation	NOUN
elp-55513	49	31	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	49	32	thereby	thereby	ADV
elp-55513	49	33	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	49	34	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	49	35	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	49	36	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	49	37	a	a	DET
elp-55513	49	38	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
elp-55513	49	39	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	49	40	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	50	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	NOUN
elp-55513	50	2	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	50	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	50	4	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	50	5	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	50	6	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	50	7	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	50	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	51	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	51	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	51	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	51	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	51	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	51	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	51	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	51	8	151	151	NUM
elp-55513	51	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	51	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	51	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	51	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	51	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	51	14	2.2	2.2	NUM
elp-55513	51	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	51	16	value	value	NOUN
elp-55513	51	17	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	51	18	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	51	19	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	51	20	2.2.1	2.2.1	NUM
elp-55513	51	21	value	value	NOUN
elp-55513	51	22	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	51	23	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	51	24	terms	term	NOUN
elp-55513	51	25	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	51	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	51	27	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	51	28	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	51	29	protecting	protect	VERB
elp-55513	51	30	human	human	ADJ
elp-55513	51	31	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	51	32	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	51	33	unholding	unholde	VERB
elp-55513	51	34	the	the	DET
elp-55513	51	35	rule	rule	NOUN
elp-55513	51	36	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	51	37	laws	law	NOUN
elp-55513	51	38	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	51	39	the	the	DET
elp-55513	51	40	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	51	41	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	51	42	lawful	lawful	ADJ
elp-55513	51	43	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	51	44	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	51	45	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	51	46	fully	fully	ADV
elp-55513	51	47	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB
elp-55513	51	48	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	51	49	accordance	accordance	NOUN
elp-55513	51	50	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	51	51	the	the	DET
elp-55513	51	52	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	51	53	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	52	1	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	52	2	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	52	3	such	such	DET
elp-55513	52	4	a	a	DET
elp-55513	52	5	premise	premise	NOUN
elp-55513	52	6	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	52	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	52	8	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	52	9	justice	justice	NOUN
elp-55513	52	10	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	52	11	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	52	12	convincing	convincing	ADJ
elp-55513	52	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	52	14	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	52	15	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	52	16	credible	credible	ADJ
elp-55513	52	17	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	52	18	trustworthy	trustworthy	ADJ
elp-55513	52	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	52	20	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	52	21	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
elp-55513	52	22	deemed	deem	VERB
elp-55513	52	23	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	52	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	53	1	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	53	2	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	53	3	even	even	ADV
elp-55513	53	4	more	more	ADV
elp-55513	53	5	important	important	ADJ
elp-55513	53	6	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	53	7	some	some	DET
elp-55513	53	8	financially	financially	ADV
elp-55513	53	9	disadvantaged	disadvantaged	ADJ
elp-55513	53	10	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	53	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	54	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	54	2	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	54	3	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	54	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	54	5	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	54	6	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	54	7	involves	involve	VERB
elp-55513	54	8	expedited	expedited	ADJ
elp-55513	54	9	procedures	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	54	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	54	11	simplified	simplified	ADJ
elp-55513	54	12	procedures	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	54	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	54	14	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	54	15	standard	standard	ADJ
elp-55513	54	16	procedures	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	54	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	54	18	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	54	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	54	20	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	54	21	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	54	22	receive	receive	VERB
elp-55513	54	23	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	54	24	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	54	25	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	54	26	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	54	27	comparatively	comparatively	ADV
elp-55513	54	28	weaker	weak	ADJ
elp-55513	54	29	private	private	ADJ
elp-55513	54	30	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	54	31	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	54	32	when	when	SCONJ
elp-55513	54	33	juxtaposed	juxtapose	VERB
elp-55513	54	34	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	54	35	the	the	DET
elp-55513	54	36	vast	vast	ADJ
elp-55513	54	37	state	state	NOUN
elp-55513	54	38	machinery	machinery	NOUN
elp-55513	54	39	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	54	40	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	54	41	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	54	42	reasonably	reasonably	ADV
elp-55513	54	43	protected	protect	VERB
elp-55513	54	44	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	55	1	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	55	2	enables	enable	VERB
elp-55513	55	3	them	they	PRON
elp-55513	55	4	to	to	PART
elp-55513	55	5	respond	respond	VERB
elp-55513	55	6	more	more	ADV
elp-55513	55	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
elp-55513	55	8	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	55	9	unfair	unfair	ADJ
elp-55513	55	10	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	55	11	unreasonable	unreasonable	ADJ
elp-55513	55	12	demands	demand	NOUN
elp-55513	55	13	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	56	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	56	2	absence	absence	NOUN
elp-55513	56	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	56	4	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	56	5	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	56	6	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	56	7	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	56	8	further	far	ADV
elp-55513	56	9	imbalance	imbalance	VERB
elp-55513	56	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	56	11	scales	scale	NOUN
elp-55513	56	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	56	13	justice	justice	NOUN
elp-55513	56	14	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	57	1	without	without	ADP
elp-55513	57	2	an	an	DET
elp-55513	57	3	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	57	4	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	57	5	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	57	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	57	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	57	8	government	government	NOUN
elp-55513	57	9	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	57	10	benefit	benefit	VERB
elp-55513	57	11	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	57	12	improper	improper	ADJ
elp-55513	57	13	conduct	conduct	NOUN
elp-55513	57	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	57	15	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	57	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	57	17	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	57	18	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	57	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	57	20	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	57	21	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	57	22	undermined	undermine	VERB
elp-55513	57	23	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	57	24	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	57	25	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	57	26	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	58	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	58	2	issue	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	58	3	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	58	4	even	even	ADV
elp-55513	58	5	more	more	ADV
elp-55513	58	6	critical	critical	ADJ
elp-55513	58	7	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	58	8	economically	economically	ADV
elp-55513	58	9	disadvantaged	disadvantaged	ADJ
elp-55513	58	10	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	58	11	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	58	12	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	58	13	not	not	PART
elp-55513	58	14	afford	afford	VERB
elp-55513	58	15	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	58	16	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	58	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	59	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	59	2	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	59	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	59	4	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	59	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	59	6	requires	require	VERB
elp-55513	59	7	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	59	8	authorities	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	59	9	to	to	PART
elp-55513	59	10	protect	protect	VERB
elp-55513	59	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	59	12	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	59	13	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	59	14	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	59	15	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	59	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	59	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	59	18	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	59	19	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	59	20	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	59	21	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	59	22	’	’	PART
elp-55513	59	23	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	59	24	to	to	PART
elp-55513	59	25	meet	meet	VERB
elp-55513	59	26	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	59	27	clients	client	NOUN
elp-55513	59	28	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	59	29	review	review	VERB
elp-55513	59	30	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	59	31	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	59	32	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	59	33	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	59	34	cross	cross	ADJ
elp-55513	59	35	-	-	ADJ
elp-55513	59	36	examine	examine	ADJ
elp-55513	59	37	evidence	evidence	NOUN
elp-55513	59	38	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	59	39	not	not	PART
elp-55513	59	40	subject	subject	ADJ
elp-55513	59	41	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	59	42	third	third	ADJ
elp-55513	59	43	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	59	44	party	party	NOUN
elp-55513	59	45	interference	interference	NOUN
elp-55513	59	46	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	60	1	introducing	introduce	VERB
elp-55513	60	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	60	3	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	60	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	60	5	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	60	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	60	7	into	into	ADP
elp-55513	60	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	60	9	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	60	10	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	60	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	60	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	60	13	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	60	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	60	15	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	60	16	’	’	PART
elp-55513	60	17	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	60	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	60	19	set	set	VERB
elp-55513	60	20	higher	high	ADJ
elp-55513	60	21	standards	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	60	22	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	60	23	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	60	24	conduct	conduct	NOUN
elp-55513	60	25	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	60	26	litigation	litigation	NOUN
elp-55513	60	27	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	60	28	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	60	29	compel	compel	VERB
elp-55513	60	30	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	60	31	to	to	PART
elp-55513	60	32	improve	improve	VERB
elp-55513	60	33	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	60	34	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	60	35	capabilities	capability	NOUN
elp-55513	60	36	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	61	1	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	61	2	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	61	3	establish	establish	VERB
elp-55513	61	4	a	a	DET
elp-55513	61	5	more	more	ADV
elp-55513	61	6	equal	equal	ADJ
elp-55513	61	7	confrontation	confrontation	NOUN
elp-55513	61	8	between	between	ADP
elp-55513	61	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	61	10	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	61	11	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
elp-55513	61	12	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	61	13	thereby	thereby	ADV
elp-55513	61	14	better	well	ADV
elp-55513	61	15	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	61	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	61	17	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	61	18	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	61	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	61	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	61	21	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	61	22	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	62	1	2.2.2	2.2.2	NUM
elp-55513	62	2	value	value	NOUN
elp-55513	62	3	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	62	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	62	5	entity	entity	NOUN
elp-55513	62	6	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	62	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	62	8	substantive	substantive	ADJ
elp-55513	62	9	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	62	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	62	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	62	12	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	62	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	62	14	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	62	15	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	62	16	reduces	reduce	VERB
elp-55513	62	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	62	18	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
elp-55513	62	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	62	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	62	21	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	62	22	facing	face	VERB
elp-55513	62	23	unjust	unjust	ADJ
elp-55513	62	24	penalties	penalty	NOUN
elp-55513	62	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	63	1	unjust	unjust	ADJ
elp-55513	63	2	penalties	penalty	NOUN
elp-55513	63	3	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	63	4	lead	lead	VERB
elp-55513	63	5	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	63	6	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ
elp-55513	63	7	convictions	conviction	NOUN
elp-55513	63	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	63	9	resulting	result	VERB
elp-55513	63	10	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	63	11	violations	violation	NOUN
elp-55513	63	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	63	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	63	14	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	63	15	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	63	16	personal	personal	ADJ
elp-55513	63	17	freedom	freedom	NOUN
elp-55513	63	18	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	63	19	even	even	ADV
elp-55513	63	20	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	63	21	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	63	22	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	63	23	life	life	NOUN
elp-55513	63	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	64	1	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	64	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	64	3	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
elp-55513	64	4	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	64	5	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ
elp-55513	64	6	convictions	conviction	NOUN
elp-55513	64	7	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	64	8	not	not	PART
elp-55513	64	9	entirely	entirely	ADV
elp-55513	64	10	rest	rest	VERB
elp-55513	64	11	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	64	12	judges	judge	NOUN
elp-55513	64	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	64	14	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	64	15	judges	judge	NOUN
elp-55513	64	16	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	64	17	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
elp-55513	64	18	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	64	19	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
elp-55513	64	20	ethical	ethical	ADJ
elp-55513	64	21	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	64	22	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	64	23	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	64	24	rulings	ruling	NOUN
elp-55513	64	25	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	64	26	still	still	ADV
elp-55513	64	27	deviate	deviate	VERB
elp-55513	64	28	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	64	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	64	30	facts	fact	NOUN
elp-55513	64	31	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	64	32	the	the	DET
elp-55513	64	33	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	64	34	due	due	ADP
elp-55513	64	35	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	64	36	various	various	ADJ
elp-55513	64	37	factors	factor	NOUN
elp-55513	64	38	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	65	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	65	2	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	65	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	65	4	judges	judge	NOUN
elp-55513	65	5	primarily	primarily	ADV
elp-55513	65	6	understand	understand	VERB
elp-55513	65	7	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	65	8	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	65	9	reading	read	VERB
elp-55513	65	10	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	65	11	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	65	12	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	65	13	questioning	question	VERB
elp-55513	65	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	65	15	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	65	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	65	17	listening	listen	VERB
elp-55513	65	18	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	65	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	65	20	arguments	argument	NOUN
elp-55513	65	21	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	65	22	both	both	CCONJ
elp-55513	65	23	the	the	DET
elp-55513	65	24	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
elp-55513	65	25	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	65	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	65	27	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	65	28	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	65	29	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	65	30	reviewing	review	VERB
elp-55513	65	31	evidence	evidence	NOUN
elp-55513	65	32	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	65	33	facts	fact	NOUN
elp-55513	65	34	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	65	35	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	65	36	cross	cross	NOUN
elp-55513	65	37	-	-	NOUN
elp-55513	65	38	examinations	examination	NOUN
elp-55513	65	39	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	66	1	these	these	DET
elp-55513	66	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
elp-55513	66	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	66	4	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	66	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	66	6	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	66	7	relatively	relatively	ADV
elp-55513	66	8	limited	limited	ADJ
elp-55513	66	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	66	10	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	66	11	relying	rely	VERB
elp-55513	66	12	solely	solely	ADV
elp-55513	66	13	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	66	14	them	they	PRON
elp-55513	66	15	to	to	PART
elp-55513	66	16	comprehend	comprehend	VERB
elp-55513	66	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	66	18	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	66	19	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	66	20	still	still	ADV
elp-55513	66	21	result	result	VERB
elp-55513	66	22	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	66	23	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ
elp-55513	66	24	convictions	conviction	NOUN
elp-55513	66	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	67	1	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	67	2	courts	court	NOUN
elp-55513	67	3	have	have	VERB
elp-55513	67	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	67	5	authority	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	67	6	to	to	PART
elp-55513	67	7	investigate	investigate	VERB
elp-55513	67	8	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	67	9	collect	collect	VERB
elp-55513	67	10	evidence	evidence	NOUN
elp-55513	67	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	67	12	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	67	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	67	14	sake	sake	NOUN
elp-55513	67	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	67	16	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
elp-55513	67	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	67	18	this	this	DET
elp-55513	67	19	power	power	NOUN
elp-55513	67	20	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	67	21	seldom	seldom	ADV
elp-55513	67	22	exercised	exercise	VERB
elp-55513	67	23	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	68	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	68	2	common	common	ADJ
elp-55513	68	3	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	68	4	creates	create	VERB
elp-55513	68	5	an	an	DET
elp-55513	68	6	awkward	awkward	ADJ
elp-55513	68	7	situation	situation	NOUN
elp-55513	68	8	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	68	9	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	68	10	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	68	11	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	68	12	normal	normal	ADJ
elp-55513	68	13	exercise	exercise	NOUN
elp-55513	68	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	68	15	investigative	investigative	ADJ
elp-55513	68	16	powers	power	NOUN
elp-55513	68	17	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	68	18	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	68	19	perceived	perceive	VERB
elp-55513	68	20	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	68	21	proactive	proactive	ADJ
elp-55513	68	22	intervention	intervention	NOUN
elp-55513	68	23	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	68	24	the	the	DET
elp-55513	68	25	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	68	26	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	68	27	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	68	28	contradicts	contradict	VERB
elp-55513	68	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	68	30	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	68	31	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	68	32	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	68	33	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	68	34	centeredness	centeredness	NOUN
elp-55513	68	35	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	68	36	undermines	undermine	VERB
elp-55513	68	37	the	the	DET
elp-55513	68	38	image	image	NOUN
elp-55513	68	39	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	68	40	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	68	41	impartiality	impartiality	NOUN
elp-55513	68	42	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	68	43	neutrality	neutrality	NOUN
elp-55513	68	44	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	69	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	NOUN
elp-55513	69	2	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	69	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	69	4	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	69	5	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	69	6	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	69	7	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	69	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	70	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	70	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	70	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	70	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	70	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	70	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	70	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	70	8	152	152	NUM
elp-55513	70	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	70	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	70	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	70	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	70	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	70	14	therefore	therefore	ADV
elp-55513	70	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	70	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	70	17	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	70	18	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	70	19	not	not	PART
elp-55513	70	20	rely	rely	VERB
elp-55513	70	21	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	70	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	70	23	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	70	24	authorities	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	70	25	to	to	PART
elp-55513	70	26	protect	protect	VERB
elp-55513	70	27	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	70	28	interests	interest	NOUN
elp-55513	70	29	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	70	30	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	70	31	instead	instead	ADV
elp-55513	70	32	place	place	VERB
elp-55513	70	33	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	70	34	trust	trust	NOUN
elp-55513	70	35	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	70	36	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	70	37	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	70	38	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	71	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	71	2	primary	primary	ADJ
elp-55513	71	3	value	value	NOUN
elp-55513	71	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	71	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	71	6	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	71	7	lies	lie	VERB
elp-55513	71	8	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	71	9	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	71	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	71	11	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	71	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	71	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	71	14	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	71	15	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	72	1	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	72	2	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	72	3	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	72	4	expertise	expertise	NOUN
elp-55513	72	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	72	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	72	7	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	72	8	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	72	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	72	10	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	72	11	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	72	12	ability	ability	NOUN
elp-55513	72	13	to	to	PART
elp-55513	72	14	protect	protect	VERB
elp-55513	72	15	themselves	themselves	PRON
elp-55513	72	16	against	against	ADP
elp-55513	72	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	72	18	immense	immense	ADJ
elp-55513	72	19	power	power	NOUN
elp-55513	72	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	72	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	72	22	state	state	NOUN
elp-55513	72	23	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	73	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
elp-55513	73	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	73	3	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	73	4	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	73	5	recognition	recognition	NOUN
elp-55513	73	6	standard	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	73	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	73	8	invalid	invalid	ADJ
elp-55513	73	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	73	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	73	11	relationship	relationship	NOUN
elp-55513	73	12	between	between	ADP
elp-55513	73	13	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	73	14	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	73	15	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	73	16	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	73	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	73	18	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	73	19	not	not	PART
elp-55513	73	20	a	a	DET
elp-55513	73	21	binary	binary	NOUN
elp-55513	73	22	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	73	23	mutually	mutually	ADV
elp-55513	73	24	exclusive	exclusive	ADJ
elp-55513	73	25	one	one	NUM
elp-55513	73	26	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	74	1	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	74	2	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	74	3	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	74	4	an	an	DET
elp-55513	74	5	abstract	abstract	ADJ
elp-55513	74	6	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	74	7	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	74	8	aimed	aim	VERB
elp-55513	74	9	at	at	ADP
elp-55513	74	10	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	74	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	74	12	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
elp-55513	74	13	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	74	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	74	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	74	16	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	74	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	75	1	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	75	2	primarily	primarily	ADV
elp-55513	75	3	serves	serve	VERB
elp-55513	75	4	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	75	5	a	a	DET
elp-55513	75	6	guiding	guide	VERB
elp-55513	75	7	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	75	8	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	75	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	75	10	conduct	conduct	NOUN
elp-55513	75	11	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	75	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	75	13	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	75	14	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	76	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	76	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
elp-55513	76	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	76	4	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	76	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	76	6	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	76	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	76	8	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	76	9	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
elp-55513	76	10	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	76	11	establishes	establish	VERB
elp-55513	76	12	specific	specific	ADJ
elp-55513	76	13	criteria	criterion	NOUN
elp-55513	76	14	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	76	15	punitive	punitive	ADJ
elp-55513	76	16	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	76	17	to	to	PART
elp-55513	76	18	regulate	regulate	VERB
elp-55513	76	19	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	76	20	behavior	behavior	NOUN
elp-55513	76	21	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	76	22	prevent	prevent	VERB
elp-55513	76	23	harm	harm	NOUN
elp-55513	76	24	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	76	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	76	26	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	76	27	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	76	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	76	29	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	76	30	caused	cause	VERB
elp-55513	76	31	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	76	32	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
elp-55513	76	33	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	76	34	improper	improper	ADJ
elp-55513	76	35	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	76	36	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	77	1	together	together	ADV
elp-55513	77	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	77	3	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	77	4	form	form	VERB
elp-55513	77	5	a	a	DET
elp-55513	77	6	complementary	complementary	ADJ
elp-55513	77	7	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	77	8	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	77	9	ensures	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	77	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	77	11	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	77	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	77	13	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	77	14	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	77	15	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	77	16	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	77	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	78	1	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	78	2	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	78	3	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	78	4	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	78	5	a	a	DET
elp-55513	78	6	goal	goal	NOUN
elp-55513	78	7	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	78	8	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	78	9	not	not	PART
elp-55513	78	10	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	78	11	directly	directly	ADV
elp-55513	78	12	quantified	quantify	VERB
elp-55513	78	13	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	78	14	implemented	implement	VERB
elp-55513	78	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	78	16	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	78	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	78	18	provides	provide	VERB
elp-55513	78	19	a	a	DET
elp-55513	78	20	practical	practical	ADJ
elp-55513	78	21	framework	framework	NOUN
elp-55513	78	22	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	78	23	institutionalized	institutionalize	VERB
elp-55513	78	24	rules	rule	NOUN
elp-55513	78	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	79	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	79	2	example	example	NOUN
elp-55513	79	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	79	4	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	79	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	79	6	u.s	u.s	PROPN
elp-55513	79	7	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	79	8	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	79	9	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	79	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	79	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	79	12	consequences	consequence	NOUN
elp-55513	79	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	79	14	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	79	15	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	79	16	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	79	17	include	include	VERB
elp-55513	79	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	79	19	overturning	overturning	NOUN
elp-55513	79	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	79	21	a	a	DET
elp-55513	79	22	prior	prior	ADJ
elp-55513	79	23	judgment	judgment	NOUN
elp-55513	79	24	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	79	25	a	a	DET
elp-55513	79	26	higher	high	ADJ
elp-55513	79	27	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	79	28	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	79	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	79	30	remanding	remanding	NOUN
elp-55513	79	31	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	79	32	the	the	DET
elp-55513	79	33	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	79	34	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	79	35	retrial	retrial	ADJ
elp-55513	79	36	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	79	37	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
elp-55513	79	38	action	action	NOUN
elp-55513	79	39	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	79	40	a	a	DET
elp-55513	79	41	bar	bar	NOUN
elp-55513	79	42	association	association	NOUN
elp-55513	79	43	against	against	ADP
elp-55513	79	44	the	the	DET
elp-55513	79	45	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	79	46	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	79	47	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	80	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	80	2	determination	determination	NOUN
elp-55513	80	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	80	4	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	80	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	80	6	requires	require	VERB
elp-55513	80	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	80	8	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
elp-55513	80	9	fulfillment	fulfillment	NOUN
elp-55513	80	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	80	11	three	three	NUM
elp-55513	80	12	elements	element	NOUN
elp-55513	80	13	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	80	14	first	first	ADV
elp-55513	80	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	80	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	80	17	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	80	18	fails	fail	VERB
elp-55513	80	19	to	to	PART
elp-55513	80	20	perform	perform	VERB
elp-55513	80	21	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	80	22	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	80	23	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	80	24	diligence	diligence	NOUN
elp-55513	80	25	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	80	26	competence	competence	NOUN
elp-55513	80	27	;	;	PUNCT
elp-55513	80	28	second	second	X
elp-55513	80	29	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	80	30	the	the	DET
elp-55513	80	31	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	80	32	authority	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	80	33	renders	render	VERB
elp-55513	80	34	an	an	DET
elp-55513	80	35	unfavorable	unfavorable	ADJ
elp-55513	80	36	decision	decision	NOUN
elp-55513	80	37	against	against	ADP
elp-55513	80	38	the	the	DET
elp-55513	80	39	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	80	40	;	;	PUNCT
elp-55513	80	41	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	80	42	third	third	ADJ
elp-55513	80	43	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	80	44	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	80	45	is	be	VERB
elp-55513	80	46	a	a	DET
elp-55513	80	47	direct	direct	ADJ
elp-55513	80	48	causal	causal	NOUN
elp-55513	80	49	relationship	relationship	NOUN
elp-55513	80	50	between	between	ADP
elp-55513	80	51	the	the	DET
elp-55513	80	52	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	80	53	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	80	54	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	80	55	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	80	56	the	the	DET
elp-55513	80	57	unfavorable	unfavorable	ADJ
elp-55513	80	58	decision	decision	NOUN
elp-55513	80	59	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	81	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	81	2	instance	instance	NOUN
elp-55513	81	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	81	4	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	81	5	a	a	DET
elp-55513	81	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	81	7	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	81	8	fails	fail	VERB
elp-55513	81	9	to	to	PART
elp-55513	81	10	meet	meet	VERB
elp-55513	81	11	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	81	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	81	13	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	81	14	before	before	ADP
elp-55513	81	15	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	81	16	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	81	17	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
elp-55513	81	18	abstains	abstain	NOUN
elp-55513	81	19	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	81	20	participating	participate	VERB
elp-55513	81	21	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	81	22	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	81	23	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	81	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	81	25	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	81	26	actions	action	NOUN
elp-55513	81	27	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	81	28	violate	violate	VERB
elp-55513	81	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	81	30	principles	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	81	31	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	81	32	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	81	33	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	81	34	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	81	35	do	do	AUX
elp-55513	81	36	not	not	PART
elp-55513	81	37	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
elp-55513	81	38	constitute	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	81	39	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	81	40	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	81	41	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	82	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	82	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	82	3	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	82	4	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	82	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	82	6	despite	despite	SCONJ
elp-55513	82	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	82	8	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	82	9	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	82	10	negligence	negligence	NOUN
elp-55513	82	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	82	12	issues	issue	VERB
elp-55513	82	13	a	a	DET
elp-55513	82	14	favorable	favorable	ADJ
elp-55513	82	15	ruling	ruling	NOUN
elp-55513	82	16	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	82	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	82	18	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	82	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	82	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	82	21	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	82	22	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	82	23	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	82	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	82	25	though	though	SCONJ
elp-55513	82	26	problematic	problematic	ADJ
elp-55513	82	27	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	82	28	does	do	AUX
elp-55513	82	29	not	not	PART
elp-55513	82	30	meet	meet	VERB
elp-55513	82	31	the	the	DET
elp-55513	82	32	criteria	criterion	NOUN
elp-55513	82	33	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	82	34	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	82	35	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	82	36	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	83	1	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	83	2	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
elp-55513	83	3	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	83	4	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	83	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	83	6	requires	require	VERB
elp-55513	83	7	not	not	PART
elp-55513	83	8	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	83	9	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	83	10	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	83	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	83	12	part	part	NOUN
elp-55513	83	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	83	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	83	15	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	83	16	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	83	17	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	83	18	an	an	DET
elp-55513	83	19	adverse	adverse	ADJ
elp-55513	83	20	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	83	21	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	83	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	83	23	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	83	24	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	83	25	a	a	DET
elp-55513	83	26	key	key	ADJ
elp-55513	83	27	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
elp-55513	83	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	84	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	84	2	summary	summary	NOUN
elp-55513	84	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	84	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	84	5	determination	determination	NOUN
elp-55513	84	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	84	7	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	84	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	84	9	requires	require	VERB
elp-55513	84	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	84	11	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
elp-55513	84	12	fulfillment	fulfillment	NOUN
elp-55513	84	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	84	14	all	all	DET
elp-55513	84	15	three	three	NUM
elp-55513	84	16	elements	element	NOUN
elp-55513	84	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	84	18	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	84	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	84	20	result	result	NOUN
elp-55513	84	21	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	84	22	oriented	orient	VERB
elp-55513	84	23	criterion	criterion	NOUN
elp-55513	84	24	—	—	PUNCT
elp-55513	84	25	an	an	DET
elp-55513	84	26	adverse	adverse	ADJ
elp-55513	84	27	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	84	28	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	84	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	84	30	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	84	31	—	—	PUNCT
elp-55513	84	32	being	be	AUX
elp-55513	84	33	a	a	DET
elp-55513	84	34	critical	critical	ADJ
elp-55513	84	35	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
elp-55513	84	36	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	85	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	85	2	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	85	3	are	be	VERB
elp-55513	85	4	flaws	flaw	NOUN
elp-55513	85	5	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	85	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	85	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	85	8	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	85	9	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	85	10	no	no	DET
elp-55513	85	11	adverse	adverse	ADJ
elp-55513	85	12	consequences	consequence	NOUN
elp-55513	85	13	occur	occur	VERB
elp-55513	85	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	85	15	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	85	16	typically	typically	ADV
elp-55513	85	17	does	do	AUX
elp-55513	85	18	not	not	PART
elp-55513	85	19	constitute	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	85	20	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	85	21	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	85	22	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	86	1	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	86	2	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	86	3	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	86	4	as	as	SCONJ
elp-55513	86	5	an	an	DET
elp-55513	86	6	abstract	abstract	ADJ
elp-55513	86	7	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	86	8	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	86	9	not	not	PART
elp-55513	86	10	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	86	11	directly	directly	ADV
elp-55513	86	12	implemented	implement	VERB
elp-55513	86	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	86	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	86	15	institutionalization	institutionalization	NOUN
elp-55513	86	16	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	86	17	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
elp-55513	86	18	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	86	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	86	20	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	86	21	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	86	22	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
elp-55513	86	23	not	not	PART
elp-55513	86	24	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	86	25	regulate	regulate	VERB
elp-55513	86	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	86	27	conduct	conduct	NOUN
elp-55513	86	28	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	86	29	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	86	30	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	86	31	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	86	32	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	86	33	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	86	34	the	the	DET
elp-55513	86	35	overall	overall	ADJ
elp-55513	86	36	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	86	37	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	86	38	the	the	DET
elp-55513	86	39	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	86	40	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	86	41	the	the	DET
elp-55513	86	42	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	86	43	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	87	1	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	87	2	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
elp-55513	87	3	serves	serve	VERB
elp-55513	87	4	to	to	PART
elp-55513	87	5	uphold	uphold	VERB
elp-55513	87	6	fairness	fairness	NOUN
elp-55513	87	7	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	87	8	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
elp-55513	87	9	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	87	10	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	87	11	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	87	12	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	88	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
elp-55513	88	2	consequences	consequence	NOUN
elp-55513	88	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	88	4	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	88	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	88	6	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	88	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	88	8	united	united	PROPN
elp-55513	88	9	states	states	PROPN
elp-55513	88	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	88	11	where	where	SCONJ
elp-55513	88	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	88	13	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	88	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	88	15	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	88	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	88	17	originated	originate	VERB
elp-55513	88	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	88	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	88	20	determination	determination	NOUN
elp-55513	88	21	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	88	22	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	88	23	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	88	24	requires	require	VERB
elp-55513	88	25	a	a	DET
elp-55513	88	26	higher	high	ADJ
elp-55513	88	27	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	88	28	to	to	PART
elp-55513	88	29	assess	assess	VERB
elp-55513	88	30	the	the	DET
elp-55513	88	31	conduct	conduct	NOUN
elp-55513	88	32	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	88	33	the	the	DET
elp-55513	88	34	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	88	35	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	89	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	89	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	89	3	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	89	4	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	89	5	actions	action	NOUN
elp-55513	89	6	meet	meet	VERB
elp-55513	89	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	89	8	standards	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	89	9	defined	define	VERB
elp-55513	89	10	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	89	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	89	12	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	89	13	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	89	14	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
elp-55513	89	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	89	16	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	89	17	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	89	18	deemed	deem	VERB
elp-55513	89	19	to	to	PART
elp-55513	89	20	constitute	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	89	21	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	NOUN
elp-55513	89	22	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	89	23	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	89	24	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	89	25	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	89	26	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	89	27	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	89	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	90	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	90	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	90	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	90	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	90	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	90	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	90	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	90	8	153	153	NUM
elp-55513	90	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	90	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	90	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	90	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	90	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	90	14	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	90	15	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	90	16	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	91	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	91	2	core	core	NOUN
elp-55513	91	3	objective	objective	NOUN
elp-55513	91	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	91	5	this	this	DET
elp-55513	91	6	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
elp-55513	91	7	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	91	8	to	to	PART
elp-55513	91	9	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	91	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	91	11	practical	practical	ADJ
elp-55513	91	12	implementation	implementation	NOUN
elp-55513	91	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	91	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	91	15	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	91	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	91	17	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	91	18	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	91	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	91	20	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	91	21	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	91	22	recognized	recognize	VERB
elp-55513	91	23	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	91	24	a	a	DET
elp-55513	91	25	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
elp-55513	91	26	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	91	27	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	91	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	91	29	united	united	PROPN
elp-55513	91	30	states	states	PROPN
elp-55513	91	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	92	1	to	to	PART
elp-55513	92	2	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	92	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	92	4	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	92	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	92	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	92	7	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	92	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	92	9	higher	high	ADJ
elp-55513	92	10	courts	court	NOUN
elp-55513	92	11	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	92	12	rule	rule	VERB
elp-55513	92	13	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	92	14	a	a	DET
elp-55513	92	15	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	92	16	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	92	17	conduct	conduct	NOUN
elp-55513	92	18	violates	violate	VERB
elp-55513	92	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	92	20	constitution	constitution	NOUN
elp-55513	92	21	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	92	22	order	order	VERB
elp-55513	92	23	a	a	DET
elp-55513	92	24	retrial	retrial	NOUN
elp-55513	92	25	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	92	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	92	27	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	92	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	93	1	2.5	2.5	NUM
elp-55513	93	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	93	3	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	93	4	situation	situation	NOUN
elp-55513	93	5	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	93	6	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	93	7	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	93	8	suggestions	suggestion	NOUN
elp-55513	93	9	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	93	10	contrast	contrast	NOUN
elp-55513	93	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	93	12	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	93	13	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	93	14	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	93	15	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	93	16	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	93	17	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	93	18	not	not	PART
elp-55513	93	19	yet	yet	ADV
elp-55513	93	20	established	establish	VERB
elp-55513	93	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	93	22	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	93	23	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	93	24	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	93	25	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	93	26	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	93	27	nor	nor	CCONJ
elp-55513	93	28	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	93	29	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	93	30	enshrined	enshrine	VERB
elp-55513	93	31	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	93	32	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	93	33	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	93	34	a	a	DET
elp-55513	93	35	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
elp-55513	93	36	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	93	37	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	94	1	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	94	2	where	where	SCONJ
elp-55513	94	3	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	94	4	fail	fail	VERB
elp-55513	94	5	to	to	PART
elp-55513	94	6	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
elp-55513	94	7	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	94	8	obligations	obligation	NOUN
elp-55513	94	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	94	10	neglect	neglect	VERB
elp-55513	94	11	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	94	12	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	94	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	94	14	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	94	15	commit	commit	VERB
elp-55513	94	16	significant	significant	ADJ
elp-55513	94	17	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	94	18	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	94	19	typically	typically	ADV
elp-55513	94	20	classified	classify	VERB
elp-55513	94	21	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	94	22	breaches	breach	NOUN
elp-55513	94	23	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	94	24	contract	contract	NOUN
elp-55513	94	25	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	94	26	violations	violation	NOUN
elp-55513	94	27	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	94	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	94	29	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	94	30	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	94	31	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	94	32	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	94	33	ethics	ethic	NOUN
elp-55513	94	34	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	95	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	95	3	these	these	DET
elp-55513	95	4	standards	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	95	5	lack	lack	VERB
elp-55513	95	6	clarity	clarity	NOUN
elp-55513	95	7	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	95	8	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	95	9	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
elp-55513	95	10	to	to	PART
elp-55513	95	11	comprehensively	comprehensively	ADV
elp-55513	95	12	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	95	13	effectively	effectively	ADV
elp-55513	95	14	regulate	regulate	VERB
elp-55513	95	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	95	16	conduct	conduct	NOUN
elp-55513	95	17	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	95	18	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	95	19	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	95	20	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	96	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	96	2	author	author	NOUN
elp-55513	96	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
elp-55513	96	4	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	96	5	integrating	integrate	VERB
elp-55513	96	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	96	7	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	96	8	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	96	9	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	96	10	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	96	11	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	96	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	96	13	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
elp-55513	96	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	96	15	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	96	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	96	17	to	to	PART
elp-55513	96	18	create	create	VERB
elp-55513	96	19	a	a	DET
elp-55513	96	20	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	96	21	tailored	tailor	VERB
elp-55513	96	22	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	96	23	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	96	24	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	96	25	national	national	ADJ
elp-55513	96	26	context	context	NOUN
elp-55513	96	27	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	96	28	help	help	VERB
elp-55513	96	29	address	address	VERB
elp-55513	96	30	many	many	ADJ
elp-55513	96	31	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	96	32	the	the	DET
elp-55513	96	33	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	96	34	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	96	35	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	96	36	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	96	37	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	96	38	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	97	1	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	97	2	this	this	DET
elp-55513	97	3	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	97	4	explores	explore	VERB
elp-55513	97	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	97	6	integration	integration	NOUN
elp-55513	97	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	97	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	97	9	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	97	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	97	11	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	97	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	97	13	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	97	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	97	15	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
elp-55513	97	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	97	17	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	97	18	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	97	19	to	to	PART
elp-55513	97	20	develop	develop	VERB
elp-55513	97	21	a	a	DET
elp-55513	97	22	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	97	23	tailored	tailor	VERB
elp-55513	97	24	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	97	25	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	97	26	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	97	27	national	national	ADJ
elp-55513	97	28	context	context	NOUN
elp-55513	97	29	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	97	30	aiming	aim	VERB
elp-55513	97	31	to	to	PART
elp-55513	97	32	address	address	VERB
elp-55513	97	33	the	the	DET
elp-55513	97	34	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	97	35	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	97	36	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	97	37	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	97	38	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	97	39	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	98	1	such	such	DET
elp-55513	98	2	a	a	DET
elp-55513	98	3	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	98	4	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	98	5	not	not	PART
elp-55513	98	6	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	98	7	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	98	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	98	9	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	98	10	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	98	11	clear	clear	ADJ
elp-55513	98	12	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
elp-55513	98	13	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
elp-55513	98	14	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	98	15	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	98	16	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	98	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	98	18	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
elp-55513	98	19	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	98	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	98	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	98	22	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	98	23	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	98	24	institutional	institutional	ADJ
elp-55513	98	25	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
elp-55513	98	26	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	98	27	thereby	thereby	ADV
elp-55513	98	28	enhancing	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	98	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	98	30	fairness	fairness	NOUN
elp-55513	98	31	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	98	32	authority	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	98	33	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	98	34	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	98	35	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	98	36	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	98	37	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	98	38	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	99	1	3	3	X
elp-55513	99	2	.	.	X
elp-55513	99	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	99	4	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	99	5	state	state	NOUN
elp-55513	99	6	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	99	7	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	99	8	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	99	9	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	99	10	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	99	11	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	99	12	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	99	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	99	14	rate	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	99	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	99	16	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	99	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	99	18	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	99	19	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	99	20	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	99	21	remained	remain	VERB
elp-55513	99	22	relatively	relatively	ADV
elp-55513	99	23	low	low	ADJ
elp-55513	99	24	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	99	25	a	a	DET
elp-55513	99	26	long	long	ADJ
elp-55513	99	27	time	time	NOUN
elp-55513	99	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	100	1	according	accord	VERB
elp-55513	100	2	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	100	3	statistics	statistic	NOUN
elp-55513	100	4	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	100	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	100	6	ministry	ministry	PROPN
elp-55513	100	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	100	8	justice	justice	PROPN
elp-55513	100	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	100	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	100	11	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	100	12	rate	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	100	13	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	100	14	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	100	15	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	100	16	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	100	17	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	100	18	was	be	AUX
elp-55513	100	19	less	less	ADJ
elp-55513	100	20	than	than	ADP
elp-55513	100	21	30	30	NUM
elp-55513	100	22	%	%	NOUN
elp-55513	100	23	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	100	24	2017	2017	NUM
elp-55513	100	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	101	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	101	2	situation	situation	NOUN
elp-55513	101	3	improved	improve	VERB
elp-55513	101	4	significantly	significantly	ADV
elp-55513	101	5	after	after	ADP
elp-55513	101	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	101	7	2018	2018	NUM
elp-55513	101	8	amendment	amendment	NOUN
elp-55513	101	9	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	101	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	101	11	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	101	12	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	101	13	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	101	14	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	101	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	101	16	implementation	implementation	NOUN
elp-55513	101	17	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	101	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	101	19	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	101	20	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	101	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	101	22	pilot	pilot	NOUN
elp-55513	101	23	program	program	NOUN
elp-55513	101	24	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	101	25	full	full	ADJ
elp-55513	101	26	coverage	coverage	NOUN
elp-55513	101	27	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	101	28	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	101	29	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	101	30	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	101	31	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	101	32	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	101	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	102	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	102	2	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	102	3	rate	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	102	4	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	102	5	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	102	6	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	102	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	102	8	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	102	9	phase	phase	NOUN
elp-55513	102	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	102	11	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	102	12	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	102	13	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	102	14	steadily	steadily	ADV
elp-55513	102	15	increased	increase	VERB
elp-55513	102	16	nationwide	nationwide	ADV
elp-55513	102	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	102	18	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	102	19	some	some	DET
elp-55513	102	20	regions	region	NOUN
elp-55513	102	21	seeing	see	VERB
elp-55513	102	22	rates	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	102	23	exceed	exceed	VERB
elp-55513	102	24	80	80	NUM
elp-55513	102	25	%	%	NOUN
elp-55513	102	26	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	103	1	3.1	3.1	NUM
elp-55513	103	2	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	103	3	status	status	NOUN
elp-55513	103	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	103	5	legislation	legislation	NOUN
elp-55513	103	6	according	accord	VERB
elp-55513	103	7	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	103	8	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	103	9	130	130	NUM
elp-55513	103	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	103	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	103	12	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	103	13	constitution	constitution	NOUN
elp-55513	103	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	103	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	103	16	people	people	NOUN
elp-55513	103	17	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	103	18	republic	republic	PROPN
elp-55513	103	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	103	20	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	103	21	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	103	22	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	103	23	people	people	NOUN
elp-55513	103	24	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	103	25	courts	court	NOUN
elp-55513	103	26	shall	shall	AUX
elp-55513	103	27	hear	hear	VERB
elp-55513	103	28	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	103	29	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	103	30	public	public	NOUN
elp-55513	103	31	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	103	32	except	except	SCONJ
elp-55513	103	33	as	as	ADV
elp-55513	103	34	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
elp-55513	103	35	provided	provide	VERB
elp-55513	103	36	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	103	37	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	103	38	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	104	1	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	104	2	have	have	VERB
elp-55513	104	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	104	4	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	104	5	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	104	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	104	7	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	104	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	105	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	105	2	provision	provision	NOUN
elp-55513	105	3	serves	serve	VERB
elp-55513	105	4	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	105	5	a	a	DET
elp-55513	105	6	basis	basis	NOUN
elp-55513	105	7	for	for	SCONJ
elp-55513	105	8	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	105	9	to	to	PART
elp-55513	105	10	exercise	exercise	VERB
elp-55513	105	11	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	105	12	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	105	13	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	105	14	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	105	15	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	106	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	106	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	106	3	since	since	SCONJ
elp-55513	106	4	this	this	DET
elp-55513	106	5	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	106	6	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	106	7	stipulated	stipulate	VERB
elp-55513	106	8	within	within	ADP
elp-55513	106	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	106	10	scope	scope	NOUN
elp-55513	106	11	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	106	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	106	13	powers	power	NOUN
elp-55513	106	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	106	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	106	16	people	people	NOUN
elp-55513	106	17	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	106	18	courts	court	NOUN
elp-55513	106	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	106	20	some	some	DET
elp-55513	106	21	scholars	scholar	NOUN
elp-55513	106	22	argue	argue	VERB
elp-55513	106	23	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	106	24	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	106	25	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	106	26	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
elp-55513	106	27	to	to	PART
elp-55513	106	28	establish	establish	VERB
elp-55513	106	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	106	30	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	106	31	to	to	PART
elp-55513	106	32	defense	defense	VERB
elp-55513	106	33	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	106	34	a	a	DET
elp-55513	106	35	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
elp-55513	106	36	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	106	37	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	106	38	chinese	chinese	ADJ
elp-55513	106	39	citizens	citizen	NOUN
elp-55513	106	40	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	107	1	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	107	2	societal	societal	ADJ
elp-55513	107	3	progress	progress	NOUN
elp-55513	107	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	107	5	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	107	6	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	107	7	become	become	VERB
elp-55513	107	8	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
elp-55513	107	9	necessary	necessary	ADJ
elp-55513	107	10	to	to	PART
elp-55513	107	11	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
elp-55513	107	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	107	13	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	107	14	to	to	PART
elp-55513	107	15	defense	defense	VERB
elp-55513	107	16	into	into	ADP
elp-55513	107	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	107	18	basic	basic	ADJ
elp-55513	107	19	human	human	ADJ
elp-55513	107	20	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	107	21	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	107	22	citizens	citizen	NOUN
elp-55513	107	23	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	108	1	protecting	protect	VERB
elp-55513	108	2	citizens	citizen	NOUN
elp-55513	108	3	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	108	4	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	108	5	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	108	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	108	7	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	108	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	108	9	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	108	10	some	some	DET
elp-55513	108	11	extent	extent	NOUN
elp-55513	108	12	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	108	13	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	108	14	a	a	DET
elp-55513	108	15	means	mean	NOUN
elp-55513	108	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	108	17	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	108	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	108	19	power	power	NOUN
elp-55513	108	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	108	21	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	108	22	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	108	23	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	109	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	109	2	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	109	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	109	4	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	109	5	citizens	citizen	NOUN
elp-55513	109	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	109	7	do	do	AUX
elp-55513	109	8	not	not	PART
elp-55513	109	9	enjoy	enjoy	VERB
elp-55513	109	10	basic	basic	ADJ
elp-55513	109	11	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	109	12	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	109	13	how	how	SCONJ
elp-55513	109	14	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	109	15	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	109	16	effectively	effectively	ADV
elp-55513	109	17	defend	defend	VERB
elp-55513	109	18	them	they	PRON
elp-55513	109	19	?	?	PUNCT
elp-55513	110	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	NOUN
elp-55513	110	2	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	110	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	110	4	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	110	5	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	110	6	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	110	7	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	110	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	111	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	111	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	111	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	111	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	111	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	111	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	111	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	111	8	154	154	NUM
elp-55513	111	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	111	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	111	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	111	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	111	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	111	14	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	111	15	addition	addition	NOUN
elp-55513	111	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	111	17	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	111	18	recent	recent	ADJ
elp-55513	111	19	years	year	NOUN
elp-55513	111	20	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	111	21	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	111	22	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	111	23	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	111	24	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	111	25	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	111	26	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	111	27	introduced	introduce	VERB
elp-55513	111	28	provisions	provision	NOUN
elp-55513	111	29	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	111	30	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	111	31	the	the	DET
elp-55513	111	32	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	111	33	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	111	34	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	111	35	those	those	PRON
elp-55513	111	36	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	111	37	plead	plead	VERB
elp-55513	111	38	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	111	39	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	111	40	accept	accept	VERB
elp-55513	111	41	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	111	42	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	111	43	as	as	ADV
elp-55513	111	44	well	well	ADV
elp-55513	111	45	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	111	46	the	the	DET
elp-55513	111	47	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	111	48	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	111	49	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	111	50	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	112	1	these	these	DET
elp-55513	112	2	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	112	3	further	far	ADV
elp-55513	112	4	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	112	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	112	6	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
elp-55513	112	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	112	8	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	112	9	receiving	receive	VERB
elp-55513	112	10	relatively	relatively	ADV
elp-55513	112	11	fair	fair	ADJ
elp-55513	112	12	penalties	penalty	NOUN
elp-55513	112	13	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	112	14	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	112	15	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	112	16	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	113	1	3.1.1	3.1.1	NUM
elp-55513	113	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	113	3	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	113	4	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	113	5	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	113	6	those	those	PRON
elp-55513	113	7	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	113	8	plead	plead	VERB
elp-55513	113	9	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	113	10	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	113	11	accept	accept	VERB
elp-55513	113	12	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	113	13	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	113	14	2018	2018	NUM
elp-55513	113	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	113	16	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	113	17	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	113	18	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	113	19	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	113	20	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	113	21	established	establish	VERB
elp-55513	113	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	113	23	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	113	24	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	113	25	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	113	26	those	those	PRON
elp-55513	113	27	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	113	28	plead	plead	VERB
elp-55513	113	29	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	113	30	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	113	31	accept	accept	VERB
elp-55513	113	32	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	113	33	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	113	34	reflecting	reflect	VERB
elp-55513	113	35	the	the	DET
elp-55513	113	36	nation	nation	NOUN
elp-55513	113	37	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	113	38	approach	approach	NOUN
elp-55513	113	39	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	113	40	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	113	41	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	113	42	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	113	43	confession	confession	NOUN
elp-55513	113	44	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	113	45	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	114	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	114	2	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	114	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	114	4	this	this	DET
elp-55513	114	5	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	114	6	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	114	7	provided	provide	VERB
elp-55513	114	8	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	114	9	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	114	10	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	114	11	suspects	suspect	NOUN
elp-55513	114	12	willing	willing	ADJ
elp-55513	114	13	to	to	PART
elp-55513	114	14	plead	plead	VERB
elp-55513	114	15	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	114	16	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	114	17	accept	accept	VERB
elp-55513	114	18	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	114	19	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	115	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	115	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	115	3	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	115	4	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	115	5	raises	raise	VERB
elp-55513	115	6	concerns	concern	NOUN
elp-55513	115	7	about	about	ADP
elp-55513	115	8	potential	potential	ADJ
elp-55513	115	9	violations	violation	NOUN
elp-55513	115	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	115	11	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	115	12	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	115	13	human	human	ADJ
elp-55513	115	14	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	115	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	115	16	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	115	17	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	115	18	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ
elp-55513	115	19	convictions	conviction	NOUN
elp-55513	115	20	resulting	result	VERB
elp-55513	115	21	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	115	22	false	false	ADJ
elp-55513	115	23	confessions	confession	NOUN
elp-55513	115	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	116	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	116	2	risk	risk	NOUN
elp-55513	116	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	116	4	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ
elp-55513	116	5	convictions	conviction	NOUN
elp-55513	116	6	due	due	ADP
elp-55513	116	7	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	116	8	false	false	ADJ
elp-55513	116	9	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	116	10	pleas	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	116	11	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	116	12	difficult	difficult	ADJ
elp-55513	116	13	to	to	PART
elp-55513	116	14	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
elp-55513	116	15	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	116	16	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	116	17	influenced	influence	VERB
elp-55513	116	18	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	116	19	factors	factor	NOUN
elp-55513	116	20	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	116	21	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	116	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	116	23	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	116	24	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	116	25	evidence	evidence	NOUN
elp-55513	116	26	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	116	27	the	the	DET
elp-55513	116	28	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN
elp-55513	116	29	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	116	30	confessions	confession	NOUN
elp-55513	116	31	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	116	32	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	116	33	the	the	DET
elp-55513	116	34	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	116	35	competence	competence	NOUN
elp-55513	116	36	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	116	37	investigators	investigator	NOUN
elp-55513	116	38	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	117	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	117	2	individuals	individual	NOUN
elp-55513	117	3	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	117	4	falsely	falsely	ADV
elp-55513	117	5	plead	plead	VERB
elp-55513	117	6	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	117	7	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	117	8	accept	accept	VERB
elp-55513	117	9	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	117	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	117	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	117	12	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	117	13	lenient	lenient	ADJ
elp-55513	117	14	treatment	treatment	NOUN
elp-55513	117	15	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	117	16	reduces	reduce	VERB
elp-55513	117	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	117	18	cost	cost	NOUN
elp-55513	117	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	117	20	convicting	convict	VERB
elp-55513	117	21	a	a	DET
elp-55513	117	22	crime	crime	NOUN
elp-55513	117	23	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	117	24	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	117	25	itself	itself	PRON
elp-55513	117	26	constitutes	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	117	27	an	an	DET
elp-55513	117	28	unjust	unjust	ADJ
elp-55513	117	29	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN
elp-55513	117	30	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	117	31	the	the	DET
elp-55513	117	32	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	117	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	118	1	a	a	DET
elp-55513	118	2	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	118	3	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	118	4	decision	decision	NOUN
elp-55513	118	5	to	to	PART
elp-55513	118	6	plead	plead	VERB
elp-55513	118	7	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	118	8	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	118	9	accept	accept	VERB
elp-55513	118	10	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	118	11	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	118	12	stem	stem	VERB
elp-55513	118	13	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	118	14	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	118	15	own	own	ADJ
elp-55513	118	16	free	free	ADJ
elp-55513	118	17	will	will	NOUN
elp-55513	118	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	119	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	119	2	this	this	DET
elp-55513	119	3	disposition	disposition	NOUN
elp-55513	119	4	severely	severely	ADV
elp-55513	119	5	contradicts	contradict	VERB
elp-55513	119	6	objective	objective	ADJ
elp-55513	119	7	facts	fact	NOUN
elp-55513	119	8	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	119	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	119	10	individual	individual	NOUN
elp-55513	119	11	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	119	12	true	true	ADJ
elp-55513	119	13	intent	intent	NOUN
elp-55513	119	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	119	15	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	119	16	clearly	clearly	ADV
elp-55513	119	17	deviates	deviate	VERB
elp-55513	119	18	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	119	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	119	20	foundational	foundational	ADJ
elp-55513	119	21	principles	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	119	22	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	119	23	this	this	DET
elp-55513	119	24	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	119	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	120	1	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	120	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	120	3	voluntariness	voluntariness	NOUN
elp-55513	120	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	120	5	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	120	6	pleas	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	120	7	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	120	8	acceptance	acceptance	NOUN
elp-55513	120	9	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	120	10	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	120	11	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	120	12	a	a	DET
elp-55513	120	13	crucial	crucial	ADJ
elp-55513	120	14	core	core	NOUN
elp-55513	120	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	120	16	this	this	DET
elp-55513	120	17	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	120	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	121	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	121	2	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	121	3	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	121	4	coerced	coerce	VERB
elp-55513	121	5	into	into	ADP
elp-55513	121	6	admitting	admit	VERB
elp-55513	121	7	guilt	guilt	NOUN
elp-55513	121	8	against	against	ADP
elp-55513	121	9	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	121	10	will	will	NOUN
elp-55513	121	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	121	12	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	121	13	constitutes	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	121	14	forced	force	VERB
elp-55513	121	15	self	self	NOUN
elp-55513	121	16	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	121	17	incrimination	incrimination	NOUN
elp-55513	121	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	121	19	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	121	20	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	121	21	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	121	22	excluded	exclude	VERB
elp-55513	121	23	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	121	24	the	the	DET
elp-55513	121	25	rules	rule	NOUN
elp-55513	121	26	governing	govern	VERB
elp-55513	121	27	illegal	illegal	ADJ
elp-55513	121	28	evidence	evidence	NOUN
elp-55513	121	29	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	122	1	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	122	2	must	must	AUX
elp-55513	122	3	possess	possess	VERB
elp-55513	122	4	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
elp-55513	122	5	capacity	capacity	NOUN
elp-55513	122	6	to	to	PART
elp-55513	122	7	make	make	VERB
elp-55513	122	8	rational	rational	ADJ
elp-55513	122	9	judgments	judgment	NOUN
elp-55513	122	10	about	about	ADP
elp-55513	122	11	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	122	12	to	to	PART
elp-55513	122	13	plead	plead	VERB
elp-55513	122	14	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	122	15	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	122	16	accept	accept	VERB
elp-55513	122	17	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	122	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	123	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	123	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	123	3	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	123	4	reality	reality	NOUN
elp-55513	123	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	123	6	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	123	7	often	often	ADV
elp-55513	123	8	lack	lack	VERB
elp-55513	123	9	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	123	10	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
elp-55513	123	11	skills	skill	NOUN
elp-55513	123	12	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	124	1	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	124	2	decisions	decision	NOUN
elp-55513	124	3	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	124	4	frequently	frequently	ADV
elp-55513	124	5	based	base	VERB
elp-55513	124	6	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	124	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	124	8	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ
elp-55513	124	9	understanding	understanding	NOUN
elp-55513	124	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	124	11	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	124	12	justice	justice	NOUN
elp-55513	124	13	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	124	14	emotional	emotional	ADJ
elp-55513	124	15	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
elp-55513	124	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	124	17	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	124	18	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	124	19	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	124	20	mixed	mix	VERB
elp-55513	124	21	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	124	22	misconceptions	misconception	NOUN
elp-55513	124	23	about	about	ADP
elp-55513	124	24	the	the	DET
elp-55513	124	25	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	124	26	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	125	1	facing	face	VERB
elp-55513	125	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	125	3	highly	highly	ADV
elp-55513	125	4	specialized	specialized	ADJ
elp-55513	125	5	state	state	NOUN
elp-55513	125	6	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	125	7	apparatus	apparatus	NOUN
elp-55513	125	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	125	9	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	125	10	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	125	11	often	often	ADV
elp-55513	125	12	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	125	13	a	a	DET
elp-55513	125	14	disadvantaged	disadvantaged	ADJ
elp-55513	125	15	position	position	NOUN
elp-55513	125	16	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	126	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
elp-55513	126	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	126	3	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	126	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	126	5	voluntariness	voluntariness	NOUN
elp-55513	126	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	126	7	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	126	8	requires	require	VERB
elp-55513	126	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	126	10	support	support	NOUN
elp-55513	126	11	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	126	12	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
elp-55513	126	13	skills	skill	NOUN
elp-55513	126	14	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	127	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	127	2	this	this	DET
elp-55513	127	3	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	127	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	127	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	127	6	active	active	ADJ
elp-55513	127	7	performance	performance	NOUN
elp-55513	127	8	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	127	9	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	127	10	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	127	11	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	127	12	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	127	13	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	127	14	particularly	particularly	ADV
elp-55513	127	15	critical	critical	ADJ
elp-55513	127	16	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	128	1	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	128	2	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	128	3	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	128	4	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	128	5	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	128	6	clearly	clearly	ADV
elp-55513	128	7	understand	understand	VERB
elp-55513	128	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	128	9	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	128	10	consequences	consequence	NOUN
elp-55513	128	11	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	128	12	make	make	VERB
elp-55513	128	13	decisions	decision	NOUN
elp-55513	128	14	regarding	regard	VERB
elp-55513	128	15	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	128	16	pleas	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	128	17	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	128	18	acceptance	acceptance	NOUN
elp-55513	128	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	128	20	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	128	21	based	base	VERB
elp-55513	128	22	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	128	23	this	this	DET
elp-55513	128	24	understanding	understanding	NOUN
elp-55513	128	25	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	128	26	thereby	thereby	ADV
elp-55513	128	27	securing	secure	VERB
elp-55513	128	28	fair	fair	ADJ
elp-55513	128	29	sentencing	sentencing	NOUN
elp-55513	128	30	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	129	1	as	as	SCONJ
elp-55513	129	2	one	one	NUM
elp-55513	129	3	practical	practical	ADJ
elp-55513	129	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
elp-55513	129	5	points	point	VERB
elp-55513	129	6	out	out	ADP
elp-55513	129	7	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	129	8	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	129	9	those	those	PRON
elp-55513	129	10	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	129	11	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	129	12	well	well	ADV
elp-55513	129	13	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	129	14	prepared	prepare	VERB
elp-55513	129	15	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	129	16	professionally	professionally	ADV
elp-55513	129	17	supported	support	VERB
elp-55513	129	18	achieve	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	129	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	129	20	best	good	ADJ
elp-55513	129	21	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
elp-55513	129	22	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	129	23	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	129	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	130	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	130	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	130	3	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	130	4	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	130	5	context	context	NOUN
elp-55513	130	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	130	7	advocating	advocate	VERB
elp-55513	130	8	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	130	9	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	130	10	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	130	11	pleas	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	130	12	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	130	13	acceptance	acceptance	NOUN
elp-55513	130	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	130	15	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	130	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	130	17	integrating	integrate	VERB
elp-55513	130	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	130	19	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	130	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	130	21	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	130	22	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	130	23	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	130	24	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	130	25	great	great	ADJ
elp-55513	130	26	significance	significance	NOUN
elp-55513	130	27	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	130	28	protecting	protect	VERB
elp-55513	130	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	130	30	voluntariness	voluntariness	NOUN
elp-55513	130	31	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	130	32	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	130	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	131	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	131	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	131	3	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	131	4	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	131	5	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	131	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	131	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	131	8	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	131	9	fail	fail	VERB
elp-55513	131	10	to	to	PART
elp-55513	131	11	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
elp-55513	131	12	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	131	13	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	131	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	131	15	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
elp-55513	131	16	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	131	17	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	131	18	authorities	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	131	19	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	131	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	131	21	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	131	22	becomes	become	VERB
elp-55513	131	23	merely	merely	ADV
elp-55513	131	24	perfunctory	perfunctory	ADJ
elp-55513	131	25	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	131	26	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	131	27	diminishes	diminish	VERB
elp-55513	131	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	131	29	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	131	30	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	131	31	chances	chance	NOUN
elp-55513	131	32	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	131	33	receiving	receive	VERB
elp-55513	131	34	lighter	light	ADJ
elp-55513	131	35	sentences	sentence	NOUN
elp-55513	131	36	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	132	1	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	132	2	clearly	clearly	ADV
elp-55513	132	3	undermines	undermine	VERB
elp-55513	132	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	132	5	original	original	ADJ
elp-55513	132	6	intent	intent	NOUN
elp-55513	132	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	132	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	132	9	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	132	10	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	132	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	133	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	133	2	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	133	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	133	4	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	133	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	133	6	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	133	7	regulate	regulate	VERB
elp-55513	133	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	133	9	passive	passive	ADJ
elp-55513	133	10	behavior	behavior	NOUN
elp-55513	133	11	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	133	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	133	13	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	133	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	133	15	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	VERB
elp-55513	133	16	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	133	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	133	18	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	133	19	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	133	20	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	133	21	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	133	22	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	134	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	134	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	134	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	134	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	134	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	134	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	134	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	134	8	155	155	NUM
elp-55513	134	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	134	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	134	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	134	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	134	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	134	14	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	134	15	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	134	16	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	134	17	pleas	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	134	18	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	134	19	acceptance	acceptance	NOUN
elp-55513	134	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	134	21	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	134	22	proceed	proceed	VERB
elp-55513	134	23	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	134	24	a	a	DET
elp-55513	134	25	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ
elp-55513	134	26	basis	basis	NOUN
elp-55513	134	27	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	135	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
elp-55513	135	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	135	3	embedding	embed	VERB
elp-55513	135	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	135	5	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	135	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	135	7	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	135	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	135	9	within	within	ADP
elp-55513	135	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	135	11	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	135	12	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	135	13	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	135	14	essential	essential	ADJ
elp-55513	135	15	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	136	1	3.1.2	3.1.2	NUM
elp-55513	136	2	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	136	3	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	136	4	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	136	5	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	136	6	2018	2018	NUM
elp-55513	136	7	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	136	8	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	136	9	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	136	10	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	136	11	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	136	12	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	136	13	formally	formally	ADV
elp-55513	136	14	established	establish	VERB
elp-55513	136	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	136	16	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	136	17	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	136	18	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	136	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	136	20	stipulating	stipulate	VERB
elp-55513	136	21	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	136	22	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	136	23	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	136	24	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	136	25	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	136	26	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	136	27	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	136	28	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	136	29	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	136	30	consultation	consultation	NOUN
elp-55513	136	31	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	136	32	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	136	33	advice	advice	NOUN
elp-55513	136	34	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	136	35	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	136	36	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	136	37	suspects	suspect	NOUN
elp-55513	136	38	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	136	39	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	136	40	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	136	41	have	have	AUX
elp-55513	136	42	not	not	PART
elp-55513	136	43	formally	formally	ADV
elp-55513	136	44	appointed	appoint	VERB
elp-55513	136	45	a	a	DET
elp-55513	136	46	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	136	47	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	136	48	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	136	49	do	do	AUX
elp-55513	136	50	not	not	PART
elp-55513	136	51	meet	meet	VERB
elp-55513	136	52	the	the	DET
elp-55513	136	53	criteria	criterion	NOUN
elp-55513	136	54	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	136	55	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	136	56	aid	aid	NOUN
elp-55513	136	57	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	137	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	137	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	137	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	137	4	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	137	5	status	status	NOUN
elp-55513	137	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	137	7	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	137	8	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	137	9	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	137	10	been	be	AUX
elp-55513	137	11	a	a	DET
elp-55513	137	12	topic	topic	NOUN
elp-55513	137	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	137	14	debate	debate	NOUN
elp-55513	137	15	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	137	16	both	both	CCONJ
elp-55513	137	17	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	137	18	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	137	19	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	137	20	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
elp-55513	137	21	discourse	discourse	NOUN
elp-55513	137	22	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	138	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	138	2	positioning	positioning	NOUN
elp-55513	138	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	138	4	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	138	5	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	138	6	determines	determine	VERB
elp-55513	138	7	whether	whether	SCONJ
elp-55513	138	8	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	138	9	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	138	10	exercise	exercise	VERB
elp-55513	138	11	some	some	PRON
elp-55513	138	12	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	138	13	even	even	ADV
elp-55513	138	14	all	all	DET
elp-55513	138	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	138	16	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	138	17	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	138	18	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	138	19	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	138	20	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	138	21	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	138	22	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	138	23	significantly	significantly	ADV
elp-55513	138	24	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	138	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	138	26	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	138	27	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	138	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	138	29	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	138	30	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	138	31	right	right	ADV
elp-55513	138	32	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	138	33	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	138	34	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	138	35	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	139	1	according	accord	VERB
elp-55513	139	2	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	139	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	139	4	language	language	NOUN
elp-55513	139	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	139	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	139	7	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	139	8	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	139	9	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	139	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	139	11	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	139	12	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	139	13	clear	clear	ADJ
elp-55513	139	14	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	139	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	139	16	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	139	17	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	139	18	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	139	19	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	139	20	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	139	21	distinct	distinct	ADJ
elp-55513	139	22	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	139	23	those	those	PRON
elp-55513	139	24	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	139	25	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	139	26	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	139	27	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	140	1	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	140	2	36	36	NUM
elp-55513	140	3	specifies	specifie	NOUN
elp-55513	140	4	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	140	5	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	140	6	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	140	7	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	140	8	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	140	9	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	140	10	consultation	consultation	NOUN
elp-55513	140	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	140	12	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	140	13	advice	advice	NOUN
elp-55513	140	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	140	15	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	140	16	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	140	17	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	140	18	applying	apply	VERB
elp-55513	140	19	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	140	20	changes	change	NOUN
elp-55513	140	21	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	140	22	coercive	coercive	ADJ
elp-55513	140	23	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	140	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	141	1	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	141	2	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	141	3	operate	operate	VERB
elp-55513	141	4	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	141	5	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	141	6	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	141	7	assistants	assistant	NOUN
elp-55513	141	8	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	141	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	141	10	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	141	11	differentiates	differentiate	VERB
elp-55513	141	12	them	they	PRON
elp-55513	141	13	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	141	14	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	141	15	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	141	16	aid	aid	NOUN
elp-55513	141	17	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	141	18	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	141	19	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	141	20	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	141	21	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	141	22	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	141	23	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	141	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	142	1	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	142	2	limited	limited	ADJ
elp-55513	142	3	scope	scope	NOUN
elp-55513	142	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	142	5	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	142	6	allows	allow	VERB
elp-55513	142	7	them	they	PRON
elp-55513	142	8	to	to	PART
elp-55513	142	9	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	142	10	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	142	11	partial	partial	ADJ
elp-55513	142	12	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	142	13	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	142	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	142	15	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	142	16	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	142	17	often	often	ADV
elp-55513	142	18	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
elp-55513	142	19	to	to	PART
elp-55513	142	20	fully	fully	ADV
elp-55513	142	21	protect	protect	VERB
elp-55513	142	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	142	23	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	142	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	143	1	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	143	2	are	be	VERB
elp-55513	143	3	two	two	NUM
elp-55513	143	4	primary	primary	ADJ
elp-55513	143	5	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	143	6	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	143	7	academic	academic	ADJ
elp-55513	143	8	discourse	discourse	NOUN
elp-55513	143	9	regarding	regard	VERB
elp-55513	143	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	143	11	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	143	12	status	status	NOUN
elp-55513	143	13	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	143	14	improvement	improvement	NOUN
elp-55513	143	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	143	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	143	17	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	143	18	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	143	19	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	143	20	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	144	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	144	2	first	first	ADJ
elp-55513	144	3	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	144	4	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	144	5	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	144	6	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	144	7	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	144	8	seen	see	VERB
elp-55513	144	9	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	144	10	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	144	11	assistants	assistant	NOUN
elp-55513	144	12	to	to	PART
elp-55513	144	13	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	144	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
elp-55513	144	15	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	145	1	proponents	proponent	NOUN
elp-55513	145	2	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	145	3	this	this	DET
elp-55513	145	4	view	view	NOUN
elp-55513	145	5	argue	argue	VERB
elp-55513	145	6	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	145	7	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	145	8	requiring	require	VERB
elp-55513	145	9	full	full	ADJ
elp-55513	145	10	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	145	11	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	145	12	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	145	13	independently	independently	ADV
elp-55513	145	14	seek	seek	VERB
elp-55513	145	15	a	a	DET
elp-55513	145	16	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	145	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	146	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	146	2	second	second	ADJ
elp-55513	146	3	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	146	4	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	146	5	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	146	6	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	146	7	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	146	8	viewed	view	VERB
elp-55513	146	9	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	146	10	potential	potential	ADJ
elp-55513	146	11	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	146	12	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	146	13	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	147	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	147	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	147	3	this	this	DET
elp-55513	147	4	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	147	5	includes	include	VERB
elp-55513	147	6	several	several	ADJ
elp-55513	147	7	distinct	distinct	ADJ
elp-55513	147	8	proposals	proposal	NOUN
elp-55513	147	9	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	147	10	first	first	ADV
elp-55513	147	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	147	12	transform	transform	VERB
elp-55513	147	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	147	14	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	147	15	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	147	16	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	147	17	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	147	18	into	into	ADP
elp-55513	147	19	a	a	DET
elp-55513	147	20	true	true	ADJ
elp-55513	147	21	appointed	appoint	VERB
elp-55513	147	22	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	147	23	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	147	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	147	25	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	147	26	every	every	DET
elp-55513	147	27	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	147	28	has	have	VERB
elp-55513	147	29	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	147	30	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	147	31	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	147	32	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	147	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	148	1	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	148	2	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	148	3	allow	allow	VERB
elp-55513	148	4	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	148	5	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	148	6	to	to	PART
elp-55513	148	7	exercise	exercise	VERB
elp-55513	148	8	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	148	9	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	148	10	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	148	11	meeting	meet	VERB
elp-55513	148	12	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	148	13	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	148	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	148	15	reviewing	review	VERB
elp-55513	148	16	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	148	17	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	148	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	148	19	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	148	20	conducting	conduct	VERB
elp-55513	148	21	investigations	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	148	22	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	148	23	as	as	ADV
elp-55513	148	24	well	well	ADV
elp-55513	148	25	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	148	26	negotiating	negotiate	VERB
elp-55513	148	27	equally	equally	ADV
elp-55513	148	28	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	148	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	148	30	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
elp-55513	148	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	149	1	second	second	ADV
elp-55513	149	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	149	3	reform	reform	VERB
elp-55513	149	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	149	5	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	149	6	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	149	7	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	149	8	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	149	9	shifting	shift	VERB
elp-55513	149	10	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	149	11	a	a	DET
elp-55513	149	12	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	149	13	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	149	14	assistant	assistant	NOUN
elp-55513	149	15	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	149	16	model	model	NOUN
elp-55513	149	17	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	149	18	a	a	DET
elp-55513	149	19	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	149	20	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
elp-55513	149	21	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	149	22	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	149	23	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	149	24	model	model	NOUN
elp-55513	149	25	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	149	26	granting	grant	VERB
elp-55513	149	27	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	149	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	149	29	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	149	30	to	to	PART
elp-55513	149	31	interrogate	interrogate	VERB
elp-55513	149	32	suspects	suspect	NOUN
elp-55513	149	33	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	149	34	the	the	DET
elp-55513	149	35	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	149	36	stage	stage	NOUN
elp-55513	149	37	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	150	1	third	third	ADV
elp-55513	150	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	150	3	integrate	integrate	VERB
elp-55513	150	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	150	5	roles	role	NOUN
elp-55513	150	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	150	7	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	150	8	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	150	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	150	10	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	150	11	aid	aid	NOUN
elp-55513	150	12	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	150	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	150	14	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	150	15	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	150	16	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	150	17	into	into	ADP
elp-55513	150	18	a	a	DET
elp-55513	150	19	unified	unified	ADJ
elp-55513	150	20	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	150	21	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	151	1	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	151	2	this	this	DET
elp-55513	151	3	model	model	NOUN
elp-55513	151	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	151	5	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	151	6	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	151	7	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	151	8	handle	handle	VERB
elp-55513	151	9	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	151	10	consultation	consultation	NOUN
elp-55513	151	11	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	151	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	151	13	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	151	14	stage	stage	NOUN
elp-55513	151	15	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	151	16	fulfilling	fulfil	VERB
elp-55513	151	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	151	18	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
elp-55513	151	19	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	151	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	151	21	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
elp-55513	151	22	review	review	NOUN
elp-55513	151	23	phase	phase	NOUN
elp-55513	151	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	152	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	152	2	author	author	NOUN
elp-55513	152	3	believes	believe	VERB
elp-55513	152	4	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	152	5	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	152	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	152	7	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	152	8	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	152	9	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	152	10	distinguishes	distinguish	VERB
elp-55513	152	11	between	between	ADP
elp-55513	152	12	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	152	13	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	152	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	152	15	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	152	16	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	152	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	152	18	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	152	19	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	152	20	aid	aid	NOUN
elp-55513	152	21	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	152	22	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	152	23	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	152	24	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	152	25	feasible	feasible	ADJ
elp-55513	152	26	to	to	PART
elp-55513	152	27	expand	expand	VERB
elp-55513	152	28	the	the	DET
elp-55513	152	29	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
elp-55513	152	30	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	152	31	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	152	32	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	152	33	to	to	PART
elp-55513	152	34	include	include	VERB
elp-55513	152	35	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	152	36	role	role	NOUN
elp-55513	152	37	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	152	38	defenders	defender	NOUN
elp-55513	152	39	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	153	1	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	153	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	153	3	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	153	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	153	5	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	153	6	functions	function	NOUN
elp-55513	153	7	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	153	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	153	9	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	153	10	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	153	11	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	153	12	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	153	13	designed	design	VERB
elp-55513	153	14	to	to	PART
elp-55513	153	15	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	153	16	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	153	17	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	153	18	receive	receive	VERB
elp-55513	153	19	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	153	20	consultation	consultation	NOUN
elp-55513	153	21	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	153	22	guidance	guidance	NOUN
elp-55513	153	23	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	153	24	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	153	25	choices	choice	NOUN
elp-55513	153	26	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	153	27	the	the	DET
elp-55513	153	28	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	153	29	stage	stage	NOUN
elp-55513	153	30	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	153	31	guaranteeing	guarantee	VERB
elp-55513	153	32	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	153	33	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	153	34	make	make	VERB
elp-55513	153	35	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	153	36	decisions	decision	NOUN
elp-55513	153	37	voluntarily	voluntarily	ADV
elp-55513	153	38	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	154	1	at	at	ADP
elp-55513	154	2	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	154	3	core	core	NOUN
elp-55513	154	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	154	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	154	6	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	154	7	fulfills	fulfill	VERB
elp-55513	154	8	a	a	DET
elp-55513	154	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	154	10	function	function	NOUN
elp-55513	154	11	based	base	VERB
elp-55513	154	12	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	154	13	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	154	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	154	15	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	154	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	154	17	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	154	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	155	1	since	since	SCONJ
elp-55513	155	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	155	3	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	155	4	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	155	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	155	6	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	155	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	155	8	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
elp-55513	155	9	litigation	litigation	NOUN
elp-55513	155	10	right	right	ADV
elp-55513	155	11	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	155	12	spans	span	VERB
elp-55513	155	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	155	14	entire	entire	ADJ
elp-55513	155	15	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	155	16	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	155	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	155	18	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	155	19	naturally	naturally	ADV
elp-55513	155	20	includes	include	VERB
elp-55513	155	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	155	22	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	155	23	stage	stage	NOUN
elp-55513	155	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	156	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	NOUN
elp-55513	156	2	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	156	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	156	4	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	156	5	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	156	6	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	156	7	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	156	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	157	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	157	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	157	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	157	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	157	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	157	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	157	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	157	8	156	156	NUM
elp-55513	157	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	157	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	157	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	157	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	157	13	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	158	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	158	2	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	158	3	activities	activity	NOUN
elp-55513	158	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	158	5	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	158	6	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	158	7	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	158	8	aimed	aim	VERB
elp-55513	158	9	at	at	ADP
elp-55513	158	10	preventing	prevent	VERB
elp-55513	158	11	potential	potential	ADJ
elp-55513	158	12	abuses	abuse	NOUN
elp-55513	158	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	158	14	state	state	NOUN
elp-55513	158	15	power	power	NOUN
elp-55513	158	16	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	158	17	could	could	AUX
elp-55513	158	18	harm	harm	VERB
elp-55513	158	19	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	158	20	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	159	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
elp-55513	159	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	159	3	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	159	4	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	159	5	must	must	AUX
elp-55513	159	6	not	not	PART
elp-55513	159	7	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	159	8	understand	understand	VERB
elp-55513	159	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	159	10	basic	basic	ADJ
elp-55513	159	11	facts	fact	NOUN
elp-55513	159	12	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	159	13	evidence	evidence	NOUN
elp-55513	159	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	159	15	a	a	DET
elp-55513	159	16	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	159	17	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	159	18	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	159	19	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	159	20	substantive	substantive	ADJ
elp-55513	159	21	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	159	22	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	159	23	as	as	SCONJ
elp-55513	159	24	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	159	25	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	159	26	alone	alone	ADV
elp-55513	159	27	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	159	28	far	far	ADV
elp-55513	159	29	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	159	30	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
elp-55513	159	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	160	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	160	2	primary	primary	ADJ
elp-55513	160	3	focus	focus	NOUN
elp-55513	160	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	160	5	improving	improve	VERB
elp-55513	160	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	160	7	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	160	8	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	160	9	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	160	10	lies	lie	VERB
elp-55513	160	11	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	160	12	establishing	establish	VERB
elp-55513	160	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	160	14	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	160	15	status	status	NOUN
elp-55513	160	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	160	17	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	160	18	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	160	19	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	160	20	defenders	defender	NOUN
elp-55513	160	21	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	160	22	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	160	23	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	160	24	the	the	DET
elp-55513	160	25	cornerstone	cornerstone	NOUN
elp-55513	160	26	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	160	27	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	160	28	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	160	29	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	160	30	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	160	31	access	access	VERB
elp-55513	160	32	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	160	33	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	160	34	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	161	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
elp-55513	161	2	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	161	3	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	161	4	3.2.1	3.2.1	NUM
elp-55513	161	5	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	161	6	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	161	7	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	161	8	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	161	9	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	161	10	limited	limit	VERB
elp-55513	161	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	161	12	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	161	13	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	161	14	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	161	15	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	161	16	a	a	DET
elp-55513	161	17	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
elp-55513	161	18	privilege	privilege	NOUN
elp-55513	161	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	161	20	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	161	21	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	161	22	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	162	1	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	162	2	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	162	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	162	4	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	162	5	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	162	6	understand	understand	VERB
elp-55513	162	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	162	8	situation	situation	NOUN
elp-55513	162	9	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	162	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	162	11	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	162	12	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	162	13	listen	listen	VERB
elp-55513	162	14	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	162	15	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	162	16	opinions	opinion	NOUN
elp-55513	162	17	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	162	18	defenses	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	162	19	regarding	regard	VERB
elp-55513	162	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	162	21	accusations	accusation	NOUN
elp-55513	162	22	made	make	VERB
elp-55513	162	23	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	162	24	the	the	DET
elp-55513	162	25	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
elp-55513	162	26	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	162	27	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	162	28	establish	establish	VERB
elp-55513	162	29	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	162	30	communication	communication	NOUN
elp-55513	162	31	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	162	32	them	they	PRON
elp-55513	162	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	163	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	163	2	step	step	NOUN
elp-55513	163	3	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	163	4	often	often	ADV
elp-55513	163	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	163	6	first	first	ADJ
elp-55513	163	7	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	163	8	carrying	carry	VERB
elp-55513	163	9	out	out	ADP
elp-55513	163	10	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	163	11	work	work	NOUN
elp-55513	163	12	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	164	1	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	164	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	164	3	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	164	4	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	164	5	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	164	6	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	164	7	grants	grant	VERB
elp-55513	164	8	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	164	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	164	10	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	164	11	to	to	PART
elp-55513	164	12	meet	meet	VERB
elp-55513	164	13	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	164	14	clients	client	NOUN
elp-55513	164	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	164	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	164	17	issue	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	164	18	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	164	19	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	164	20	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
elp-55513	164	21	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	164	22	arranging	arrange	VERB
elp-55513	164	23	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	164	24	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	164	25	remains	remain	VERB
elp-55513	164	26	particularly	particularly	ADV
elp-55513	164	27	severe	severe	ADJ
elp-55513	164	28	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	164	29	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	164	30	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	164	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	165	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	165	2	primary	primary	ADJ
elp-55513	165	3	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
elp-55513	165	4	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	165	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	165	6	exercise	exercise	NOUN
elp-55513	165	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	165	8	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	165	9	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	165	10	include	include	VERB
elp-55513	165	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	165	12	following	following	NOUN
elp-55513	165	13	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	165	14	firstly	firstly	ADV
elp-55513	165	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	165	16	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
elp-55513	165	17	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	165	18	resource	resource	NOUN
elp-55513	165	19	allocation	allocation	NOUN
elp-55513	165	20	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	166	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	166	2	instance	instance	NOUN
elp-55513	166	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	166	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	166	5	shortage	shortage	NOUN
elp-55513	166	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	166	7	meeting	meet	VERB
elp-55513	166	8	rooms	room	NOUN
elp-55513	166	9	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	166	10	detention	detention	NOUN
elp-55513	166	11	centers	center	NOUN
elp-55513	166	12	often	often	ADV
elp-55513	166	13	requires	require	VERB
elp-55513	166	14	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	166	15	to	to	PART
elp-55513	166	16	schedule	schedule	VERB
elp-55513	166	17	appointments	appointment	NOUN
elp-55513	166	18	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	166	19	advance	advance	NOUN
elp-55513	166	20	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	166	21	wait	wait	VERB
elp-55513	166	22	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	166	23	line	line	NOUN
elp-55513	166	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	166	25	significantly	significantly	ADV
elp-55513	166	26	reducing	reduce	VERB
elp-55513	166	27	litigation	litigation	NOUN
elp-55513	166	28	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
elp-55513	166	29	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	167	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
elp-55513	167	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	167	3	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	167	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	167	5	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	167	6	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	167	7	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	167	8	stipulates	stipulate	VERB
elp-55513	167	9	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	167	10	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	167	11	need	need	VERB
elp-55513	167	12	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	167	13	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	167	14	an	an	DET
elp-55513	167	15	authorization	authorization	NOUN
elp-55513	167	16	letter	letter	NOUN
elp-55513	167	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	167	18	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	167	19	firm	firm	NOUN
elp-55513	167	20	certificate	certificate	NOUN
elp-55513	167	21	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	167	22	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	167	23	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	167	24	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	167	25	license	license	NOUN
elp-55513	167	26	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	167	27	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	167	28	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	167	29	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	167	30	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	167	31	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	167	32	additional	additional	ADJ
elp-55513	167	33	documents	document	NOUN
elp-55513	167	34	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	167	35	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	167	36	identification	identification	NOUN
elp-55513	167	37	cards	card	NOUN
elp-55513	167	38	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	167	39	often	often	ADV
elp-55513	167	40	required	require	VERB
elp-55513	167	41	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	167	42	further	far	ADV
elp-55513	167	43	complicating	complicate	VERB
elp-55513	167	44	the	the	DET
elp-55513	167	45	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	167	46	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	168	1	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	168	2	are	be	VERB
elp-55513	168	3	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	168	4	several	several	ADJ
elp-55513	168	5	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	168	6	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	168	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	168	8	remedies	remedy	NOUN
elp-55513	168	9	available	available	ADJ
elp-55513	168	10	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	168	11	violations	violation	NOUN
elp-55513	168	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	168	13	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	168	14	’	’	PART
elp-55513	168	15	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	168	16	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	168	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	169	1	first	first	ADV
elp-55513	169	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	169	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	169	4	remedies	remedy	NOUN
elp-55513	169	5	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	169	6	overly	overly	ADV
elp-55513	169	7	simplistic	simplistic	ADJ
elp-55513	169	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	170	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	170	2	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	170	3	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	170	4	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	170	5	very	very	ADV
elp-55513	170	6	limited	limited	ADJ
elp-55513	170	7	;	;	PUNCT
elp-55513	170	8	when	when	SCONJ
elp-55513	170	9	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	170	10	encounter	encounter	VERB
elp-55513	170	11	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
elp-55513	170	12	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	170	13	exercising	exercise	VERB
elp-55513	170	14	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	170	15	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	170	16	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	170	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	170	18	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	170	19	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	170	20	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	170	21	request	request	VERB
elp-55513	170	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	170	23	procuratorate	procuratorate	NOUN
elp-55513	170	24	to	to	PART
elp-55513	170	25	issue	issue	VERB
elp-55513	170	26	corrective	corrective	ADJ
elp-55513	170	27	opinions	opinion	NOUN
elp-55513	170	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	171	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	171	2	more	more	ADV
elp-55513	171	3	severe	severe	ADJ
elp-55513	171	4	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	171	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	171	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	171	7	procuratorate	procuratorate	NOUN
elp-55513	171	8	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	171	9	issue	issue	VERB
elp-55513	171	10	a	a	DET
elp-55513	171	11	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	171	12	notice	notice	NOUN
elp-55513	171	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	171	14	correction	correction	NOUN
elp-55513	171	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	171	16	illegal	illegal	ADJ
elp-55513	171	17	acts	act	NOUN
elp-55513	171	18	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	171	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	171	20	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	171	21	beyond	beyond	ADP
elp-55513	171	22	these	these	DET
elp-55513	171	23	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	171	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	171	25	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	171	26	are	be	VERB
elp-55513	171	27	few	few	ADJ
elp-55513	171	28	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	171	29	remedies	remedy	NOUN
elp-55513	171	30	available	available	ADJ
elp-55513	171	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	172	1	second	second	ADJ
elp-55513	172	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	172	3	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	172	4	regulations	regulation	NOUN
elp-55513	172	5	require	require	VERB
elp-55513	172	6	detention	detention	NOUN
elp-55513	172	7	centers	center	NOUN
elp-55513	172	8	to	to	PART
elp-55513	172	9	arrange	arrange	VERB
elp-55513	172	10	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	172	11	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	172	12	within	within	ADP
elp-55513	172	13	48	48	NUM
elp-55513	172	14	hours	hour	NOUN
elp-55513	172	15	at	at	ADP
elp-55513	172	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	172	17	latest	late	ADJ
elp-55513	172	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	172	19	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	172	20	are	be	VERB
elp-55513	172	21	no	no	DET
elp-55513	172	22	clear	clear	ADJ
elp-55513	172	23	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	172	24	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
elp-55513	172	25	punitive	punitive	ADJ
elp-55513	172	26	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	172	27	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	172	28	failure	failure	NOUN
elp-55513	172	29	to	to	PART
elp-55513	172	30	arrange	arrange	VERB
elp-55513	172	31	timely	timely	ADJ
elp-55513	172	32	visits	visit	NOUN
elp-55513	172	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	173	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	173	2	highlights	highlight	VERB
elp-55513	173	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	173	4	lack	lack	NOUN
elp-55513	173	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	173	6	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
elp-55513	173	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	173	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	173	9	time	time	NOUN
elp-55513	173	10	limit	limit	NOUN
elp-55513	173	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	174	1	third	third	ADJ
elp-55513	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	174	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	174	4	penalties	penalty	NOUN
elp-55513	174	5	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	174	6	violations	violation	NOUN
elp-55513	174	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	174	8	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	174	9	’	’	PART
elp-55513	174	10	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	174	11	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	174	12	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	174	13	insufficiently	insufficiently	ADV
elp-55513	174	14	stringent	stringent	ADJ
elp-55513	174	15	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	175	1	even	even	ADV
elp-55513	175	2	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	175	3	serious	serious	ADJ
elp-55513	175	4	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	175	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	175	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	175	7	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	175	8	approach	approach	NOUN
elp-55513	175	9	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	175	10	limited	limit	VERB
elp-55513	175	11	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	175	12	issuing	issue	VERB
elp-55513	175	13	a	a	DET
elp-55513	175	14	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	175	15	notice	notice	NOUN
elp-55513	175	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	175	17	correction	correction	NOUN
elp-55513	175	18	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	175	19	illegal	illegal	ADJ
elp-55513	175	20	acts	act	NOUN
elp-55513	175	21	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	175	22	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	175	23	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	175	24	lacks	lack	VERB
elp-55513	175	25	both	both	DET
elp-55513	175	26	enforceability	enforceability	NOUN
elp-55513	175	27	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	175	28	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
elp-55513	175	29	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	176	1	these	these	DET
elp-55513	176	2	problems	problem	NOUN
elp-55513	176	3	result	result	VERB
elp-55513	176	4	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	176	5	narrow	narrow	ADJ
elp-55513	176	6	remedies	remedy	NOUN
elp-55513	176	7	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	176	8	weak	weak	ADJ
elp-55513	176	9	penalties	penalty	NOUN
elp-55513	176	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	176	11	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	176	12	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
elp-55513	176	13	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
elp-55513	176	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	176	15	making	make	VERB
elp-55513	176	16	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	176	17	difficult	difficult	ADJ
elp-55513	176	18	to	to	PART
elp-55513	176	19	effectively	effectively	ADV
elp-55513	176	20	constrain	constrain	VERB
elp-55513	176	21	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	176	22	warn	warn	VERB
elp-55513	176	23	against	against	ADP
elp-55513	176	24	actions	action	NOUN
elp-55513	176	25	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	176	26	obstruct	obstruct	VERB
elp-55513	176	27	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	176	28	’	’	PART
elp-55513	176	29	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	176	30	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	176	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	177	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	177	2	summary	summary	NOUN
elp-55513	177	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	177	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	177	5	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	177	6	remedial	remedial	ADJ
elp-55513	177	7	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
elp-55513	177	8	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	177	9	protecting	protect	VERB
elp-55513	177	10	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	177	11	’	’	PART
elp-55513	177	12	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	177	13	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	177	14	lack	lack	VERB
elp-55513	177	15	diversity	diversity	NOUN
elp-55513	177	16	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	177	17	enforceability	enforceability	NOUN
elp-55513	177	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	177	19	failing	fail	VERB
elp-55513	177	20	to	to	PART
elp-55513	177	21	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	177	22	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
elp-55513	177	23	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
elp-55513	177	24	against	against	ADP
elp-55513	177	25	violations	violation	NOUN
elp-55513	177	26	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	178	1	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	178	2	necessitates	necessitate	VERB
elp-55513	178	3	further	further	ADJ
elp-55513	178	4	improvement	improvement	NOUN
elp-55513	178	5	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	178	6	reform	reform	NOUN
elp-55513	178	7	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	179	1	3.2.2	3.2.2	NUM
elp-55513	180	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	180	2	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	180	3	stage	stage	NOUN
elp-55513	180	4	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	180	5	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	180	6	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	180	7	to	to	PART
elp-55513	180	8	read	read	VERB
elp-55513	180	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	180	10	file	file	NOUN
elp-55513	180	11	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	180	12	restricted	restrict	VERB
elp-55513	180	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	180	14	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	180	15	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	180	16	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	180	17	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	180	18	grants	grant	VERB
elp-55513	180	19	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	180	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	180	21	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	180	22	to	to	PART
elp-55513	180	23	review	review	VERB
elp-55513	180	24	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	180	25	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	180	26	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	180	27	certain	certain	ADJ
elp-55513	180	28	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	180	29	stages	stage	NOUN
elp-55513	180	30	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	180	31	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	180	32	litigation	litigation	NOUN
elp-55513	180	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	181	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	181	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	181	3	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	181	4	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	181	5	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	181	6	still	still	ADV
elp-55513	181	7	restricted	restrict	VERB
elp-55513	181	8	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	181	9	exercising	exercise	VERB
elp-55513	181	10	this	this	DET
elp-55513	181	11	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	181	12	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	181	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	181	14	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	181	15	phase	phase	NOUN
elp-55513	181	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	181	17	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	181	18	creates	create	VERB
elp-55513	181	19	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
elp-55513	181	20	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	181	21	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	181	22	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	181	23	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	181	24	the	the	DET
elp-55513	181	25	early	early	ADJ
elp-55513	181	26	stages	stage	NOUN
elp-55513	181	27	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	VERB
elp-55513	181	28	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	181	29	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	181	30	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	181	31	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	181	32	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	181	33	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	181	34	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	182	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	182	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	182	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	182	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	182	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	182	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	182	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	182	8	157	157	NUM
elp-55513	182	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	182	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	182	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	182	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	182	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	182	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	182	15	a	a	DET
elp-55513	182	16	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	182	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	183	1	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	183	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	183	3	perspective	perspective	NOUN
elp-55513	183	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	183	5	legislators	legislator	NOUN
elp-55513	183	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	183	7	limiting	limit	VERB
elp-55513	183	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	183	9	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	183	10	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	183	11	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	183	12	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	183	13	case	case	VERB
elp-55513	183	14	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	183	15	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	183	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	183	17	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	183	18	phase	phase	NOUN
elp-55513	183	19	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	183	20	primarily	primarily	ADV
elp-55513	183	21	aimed	aim	VERB
elp-55513	183	22	at	at	ADP
elp-55513	183	23	avoiding	avoid	VERB
elp-55513	183	24	interference	interference	NOUN
elp-55513	183	25	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	183	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	183	27	investigative	investigative	ADJ
elp-55513	183	28	authorities	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	183	29	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	183	30	evidence	evidence	NOUN
elp-55513	183	31	collection	collection	NOUN
elp-55513	183	32	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	183	33	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	183	34	preventing	prevent	VERB
elp-55513	183	35	the	the	DET
elp-55513	183	36	disruption	disruption	NOUN
elp-55513	183	37	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	183	38	investigations	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	183	39	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	183	40	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	183	41	mitigating	mitigate	VERB
elp-55513	183	42	the	the	DET
elp-55513	183	43	risk	risk	NOUN
elp-55513	183	44	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	183	45	suspects	suspect	NOUN
elp-55513	183	46	evading	evade	VERB
elp-55513	183	47	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	183	48	accountability	accountability	NOUN
elp-55513	183	49	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	184	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
elp-55513	184	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	184	3	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	184	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	184	5	standpoint	standpoint	NOUN
elp-55513	184	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	184	7	human	human	ADJ
elp-55513	184	8	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	184	9	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	184	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	184	11	granting	grant	VERB
elp-55513	184	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	184	13	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	184	14	a	a	DET
elp-55513	184	15	certain	certain	ADJ
elp-55513	184	16	degree	degree	NOUN
elp-55513	184	17	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	184	18	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	184	19	to	to	PART
elp-55513	184	20	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	184	21	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	184	22	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	184	23	the	the	DET
elp-55513	184	24	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	184	25	phase	phase	NOUN
elp-55513	184	26	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	184	27	both	both	CCONJ
elp-55513	184	28	feasible	feasible	ADJ
elp-55513	184	29	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	184	30	necessary	necessary	ADJ
elp-55513	184	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	185	1	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	185	2	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	185	3	not	not	PART
elp-55513	185	4	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	185	5	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
elp-55513	185	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	185	7	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	185	8	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	185	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	185	10	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	185	11	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	185	12	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	185	13	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	185	14	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	185	15	help	help	VERB
elp-55513	185	16	establish	establish	VERB
elp-55513	185	17	a	a	DET
elp-55513	185	18	more	more	ADV
elp-55513	185	19	balanced	balanced	ADJ
elp-55513	185	20	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	185	21	fair	fair	ADJ
elp-55513	185	22	adversarial	adversarial	ADJ
elp-55513	185	23	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
elp-55513	185	24	early	early	ADV
elp-55513	185	25	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	185	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	185	27	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	185	28	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	185	29	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	186	1	4	4	X
elp-55513	186	2	.	.	X
elp-55513	186	3	extraterritorial	extraterritorial	ADJ
elp-55513	186	4	reference	reference	NOUN
elp-55513	186	5	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	186	6	inspiration	inspiration	NOUN
elp-55513	186	7	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	186	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	186	9	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	186	10	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	186	11	4.1	4.1	NUM
elp-55513	186	12	international	international	ADJ
elp-55513	186	13	references	reference	NOUN
elp-55513	186	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	186	15	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	186	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	186	17	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	186	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	186	19	evolution	evolution	NOUN
elp-55513	186	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	186	21	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	186	22	systems	system	NOUN
elp-55513	186	23	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	186	24	the	the	DET
elp-55513	186	25	litigation	litigation	NOUN
elp-55513	186	26	models	model	NOUN
elp-55513	186	27	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	186	28	civil	civil	ADJ
elp-55513	186	29	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	186	30	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	186	31	common	common	ADJ
elp-55513	186	32	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	186	33	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
elp-55513	186	34	have	have	AUX
elp-55513	186	35	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
elp-55513	186	36	influenced	influence	VERB
elp-55513	186	37	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	186	38	merged	merge	VERB
elp-55513	186	39	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	186	40	each	each	DET
elp-55513	186	41	other	other	ADJ
elp-55513	186	42	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	187	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	187	2	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	187	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	187	4	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	187	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	187	6	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	187	7	transcended	transcend	VERB
elp-55513	187	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	187	9	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
elp-55513	187	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	187	11	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	187	12	traditions	tradition	NOUN
elp-55513	187	13	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	187	14	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	187	15	been	be	AUX
elp-55513	187	16	adopted	adopt	VERB
elp-55513	187	17	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	187	18	civil	civil	ADJ
elp-55513	187	19	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	187	20	countries	country	NOUN
elp-55513	187	21	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	188	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	188	2	germany	germany	PROPN
elp-55513	188	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	188	4	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	188	5	instance	instance	NOUN
elp-55513	188	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	188	7	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	188	8	338	338	NUM
elp-55513	188	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	188	10	section	section	NOUN
elp-55513	188	11	5	5	NUM
elp-55513	188	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	188	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	188	14	code	code	NOUN
elp-55513	188	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	188	16	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	188	17	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	188	18	identifies	identify	VERB
elp-55513	188	19	specific	specific	ADJ
elp-55513	188	20	grounds	ground	NOUN
elp-55513	188	21	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	188	22	absolute	absolute	ADJ
elp-55513	188	23	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	188	24	appeals	appeal	NOUN
elp-55513	188	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	189	1	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	189	2	stipulates	stipulate	VERB
elp-55513	189	3	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	189	4	holding	hold	VERB
elp-55513	189	5	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	189	6	hearings	hearing	NOUN
elp-55513	189	7	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	189	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	189	9	absence	absence	NOUN
elp-55513	189	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	189	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	189	12	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
elp-55513	189	13	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	189	14	other	other	ADJ
elp-55513	189	15	legally	legally	ADV
elp-55513	189	16	required	require	VERB
elp-55513	189	17	participants	participant	NOUN
elp-55513	189	18	constitutes	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	189	19	grounds	ground	NOUN
elp-55513	189	20	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	189	21	appeal	appeal	NOUN
elp-55513	189	22	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	190	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	190	2	provision	provision	NOUN
elp-55513	190	3	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	190	4	applies	apply	VERB
elp-55513	190	5	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	190	6	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	190	7	where	where	SCONJ
elp-55513	190	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	190	9	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	190	10	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	190	11	absent	absent	ADJ
elp-55513	190	12	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	190	13	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	190	14	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	190	15	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	191	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	191	2	legislation	legislation	NOUN
elp-55513	191	3	aims	aim	VERB
elp-55513	191	4	to	to	PART
elp-55513	191	5	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	191	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	191	7	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	191	8	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	191	9	right	right	ADJ
elp-55513	191	10	to	to	AUX
elp-55513	191	11	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	191	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	191	13	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	191	14	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	191	15	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	191	16	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	192	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	192	2	a	a	DET
elp-55513	192	3	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	192	4	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	192	5	conducted	conduct	VERB
elp-55513	192	6	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	192	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	192	8	verdict	verdict	NOUN
elp-55513	192	9	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	192	10	rendered	render	VERB
elp-55513	192	11	without	without	ADP
elp-55513	192	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	192	13	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	192	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	192	15	a	a	DET
elp-55513	192	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	192	17	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	192	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	192	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	192	20	higher	high	ADJ
elp-55513	192	21	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	192	22	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	192	23	authorized	authorize	VERB
elp-55513	192	24	to	to	PART
elp-55513	192	25	annul	annul	VERB
elp-55513	192	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	192	27	original	original	ADJ
elp-55513	192	28	judgment	judgment	NOUN
elp-55513	192	29	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	192	30	order	order	VERB
elp-55513	192	31	a	a	DET
elp-55513	192	32	retrial	retrial	NOUN
elp-55513	192	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	193	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
elp-55513	193	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	193	3	japan	japan	PROPN
elp-55513	193	4	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	193	5	established	establish	VERB
elp-55513	193	6	provisions	provision	NOUN
elp-55513	193	7	regarding	regard	VERB
elp-55513	193	8	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	193	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	193	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	193	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
elp-55513	193	12	concerning	concern	VERB
elp-55513	193	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	193	14	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	193	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	193	16	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	193	17	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	193	18	appointed	appoint	VERB
elp-55513	193	19	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	193	20	attorneys	attorney	NOUN
elp-55513	193	21	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	194	1	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	194	2	38	38	NUM
elp-55513	194	3	-	-	SYM
elp-55513	194	4	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	194	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	194	6	clause	clause	NOUN
elp-55513	194	7	4	4	NUM
elp-55513	194	8	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	194	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	194	10	code	code	NOUN
elp-55513	194	11	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	194	12	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	194	13	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	194	14	stipulates	stipulate	VERB
elp-55513	194	15	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	194	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	194	17	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	194	18	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	194	19	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	194	20	clearly	clearly	ADV
elp-55513	194	21	violate	violate	VERB
elp-55513	194	22	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	194	23	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	194	24	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	194	25	must	must	AUX
elp-55513	194	26	cease	cease	VERB
elp-55513	194	27	to	to	PART
elp-55513	194	28	perform	perform	VERB
elp-55513	194	29	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	194	30	roles	role	NOUN
elp-55513	194	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	195	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	195	2	term	term	NOUN
elp-55513	195	3	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	195	4	clearly	clearly	ADV
elp-55513	195	5	violate	violate	VERB
elp-55513	195	6	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	195	7	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	195	8	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	195	9	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	195	10	generally	generally	ADV
elp-55513	195	11	limited	limit	VERB
elp-55513	195	12	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	195	13	severe	severe	ADJ
elp-55513	195	14	negligence	negligence	NOUN
elp-55513	195	15	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	195	16	actions	action	NOUN
elp-55513	195	17	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	195	18	entirely	entirely	ADV
elp-55513	195	19	disregard	disregard	VERB
elp-55513	195	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	195	21	wishes	wish	NOUN
elp-55513	195	22	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	195	23	the	the	DET
elp-55513	195	24	suspect	suspect	NOUN
elp-55513	195	25	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	195	26	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	195	27	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	196	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	196	2	legislation	legislation	NOUN
elp-55513	196	3	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
elp-55513	196	4	recognizes	recognize	VERB
elp-55513	196	5	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	196	6	a	a	DET
elp-55513	196	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	196	8	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	196	9	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	196	10	negligence	negligence	NOUN
elp-55513	196	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	196	12	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	196	13	infringes	infringe	VERB
elp-55513	196	14	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	196	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	196	16	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	196	17	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	196	18	right	right	ADJ
elp-55513	196	19	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	196	20	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	196	21	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	196	22	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	196	23	constitutes	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	196	24	a	a	DET
elp-55513	196	25	serious	serious	ADJ
elp-55513	196	26	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	196	27	violation	violation	NOUN
elp-55513	196	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	197	1	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	197	2	purpose	purpose	NOUN
elp-55513	197	3	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	197	4	to	to	PART
elp-55513	197	5	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	197	6	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	197	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	197	8	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	197	9	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	197	10	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	197	11	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	197	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	197	13	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	197	14	not	not	PART
elp-55513	197	15	compromised	compromise	VERB
elp-55513	197	16	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	197	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	197	18	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	197	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	197	20	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	197	21	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	197	22	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	198	1	a	a	DET
elp-55513	198	2	comparative	comparative	ADJ
elp-55513	198	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
elp-55513	198	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	198	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	198	6	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	198	7	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	198	8	laws	law	NOUN
elp-55513	198	9	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	198	10	germany	germany	PROPN
elp-55513	198	11	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	198	12	japan	japan	PROPN
elp-55513	198	13	reveals	reveal	VERB
elp-55513	198	14	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	198	15	both	both	DET
elp-55513	198	16	countries	country	NOUN
elp-55513	198	17	use	use	VERB
elp-55513	198	18	specific	specific	ADJ
elp-55513	198	19	provisions	provision	NOUN
elp-55513	198	20	to	to	PART
elp-55513	198	21	define	define	VERB
elp-55513	198	22	serious	serious	ADJ
elp-55513	198	23	passive	passive	ADJ
elp-55513	198	24	behavior	behavior	NOUN
elp-55513	198	25	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	198	26	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	198	27	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	198	28	significant	significant	ADJ
elp-55513	198	29	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	198	30	errors	error	NOUN
elp-55513	198	31	to	to	PART
elp-55513	198	32	protect	protect	VERB
elp-55513	198	33	the	the	DET
elp-55513	198	34	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	198	35	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	198	36	right	right	ADJ
elp-55513	198	37	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	198	38	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	198	39	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	198	40	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	199	1	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	199	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	199	3	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	199	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	199	5	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	199	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	199	7	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	199	8	not	not	PART
elp-55513	199	9	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
elp-55513	199	10	mentioned	mention	VERB
elp-55513	199	11	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	199	12	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	199	13	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	199	14	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	199	15	laws	law	NOUN
elp-55513	199	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	199	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	199	18	codified	codify	VERB
elp-55513	199	19	rules	rule	NOUN
elp-55513	199	20	reflect	reflect	VERB
elp-55513	199	21	substantive	substantive	ADJ
elp-55513	199	22	protection	protection	NOUN
elp-55513	199	23	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	199	24	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	199	25	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	199	26	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	199	27	aligning	align	VERB
elp-55513	199	28	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	199	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	199	30	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
elp-55513	199	31	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	199	32	codified	codify	VERB
elp-55513	199	33	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	199	34	systems	system	NOUN
elp-55513	199	35	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	200	1	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	200	2	a	a	DET
elp-55513	200	3	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	200	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	200	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	200	6	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	200	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	200	8	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	200	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	200	10	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	200	11	present	present	ADJ
elp-55513	200	12	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	200	13	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	200	14	varying	vary	VERB
elp-55513	200	15	degrees	degree	NOUN
elp-55513	200	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	200	17	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	200	18	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	200	19	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	200	20	laws	law	NOUN
elp-55513	200	21	across	across	ADP
elp-55513	200	22	different	different	ADJ
elp-55513	200	23	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
elp-55513	200	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	201	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	201	2	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	201	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	201	4	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	201	5	instance	instance	NOUN
elp-55513	201	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	201	7	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	201	8	11	11	NUM
elp-55513	201	9	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	201	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	201	11	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	201	12	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	201	13	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	201	14	states	state	NOUN
elp-55513	201	15	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	201	16	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	201	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	201	18	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	201	19	has	have	VERB
elp-55513	201	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	201	21	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	201	22	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	201	23	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	201	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	201	25	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	201	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	201	27	people	people	NOUN
elp-55513	201	28	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	201	29	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	201	30	has	have	VERB
elp-55513	201	31	the	the	DET
elp-55513	201	32	obligation	obligation	NOUN
elp-55513	201	33	to	to	PART
elp-55513	201	34	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	201	35	the	the	DET
elp-55513	201	36	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	NOUN
elp-55513	201	37	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	201	38	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	201	39	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	201	40	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	201	41	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	201	42	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	201	43	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	202	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	202	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	202	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	202	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	202	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	202	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	202	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	202	8	158	158	NUM
elp-55513	202	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	202	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	202	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	202	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	202	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	202	14	defendant	defendant	PROPN
elp-55513	202	15	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	202	16	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	202	17	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	202	18	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	202	19	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	202	20	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	203	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	203	2	provision	provision	NOUN
elp-55513	203	3	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	203	4	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	203	5	considered	consider	VERB
elp-55513	203	6	a	a	DET
elp-55513	203	7	partial	partial	ADJ
elp-55513	203	8	embodiment	embodiment	NOUN
elp-55513	203	9	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	203	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	203	11	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	203	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	203	13	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	203	14	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	203	15	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	204	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	204	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
elp-55513	204	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	204	4	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	204	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	204	6	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	204	7	more	more	ADV
elp-55513	204	8	specific	specific	ADJ
elp-55513	204	9	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	204	10	operates	operate	VERB
elp-55513	204	11	within	within	ADP
elp-55513	204	12	a	a	DET
elp-55513	204	13	defined	define	VERB
elp-55513	204	14	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	204	15	framework	framework	NOUN
elp-55513	204	16	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	205	1	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	205	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	205	3	provisions	provision	NOUN
elp-55513	205	4	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	205	5	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	205	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	205	7	vary	vary	VERB
elp-55513	205	8	across	across	ADP
elp-55513	205	9	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
elp-55513	205	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	205	11	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	205	12	generally	generally	ADV
elp-55513	205	13	encompass	encompass	VERB
elp-55513	205	14	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	205	15	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	205	16	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	205	17	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	205	18	failing	fail	VERB
elp-55513	205	19	to	to	PART
elp-55513	205	20	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
elp-55513	205	21	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	205	22	obligations	obligation	NOUN
elp-55513	205	23	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	205	24	excessive	excessive	ADJ
elp-55513	205	25	interference	interference	NOUN
elp-55513	205	26	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	205	27	public	public	ADJ
elp-55513	205	28	authorities	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	205	29	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	205	30	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	205	31	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
elp-55513	205	32	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	205	33	interest	interest	NOUN
elp-55513	205	34	among	among	ADP
elp-55513	205	35	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	205	36	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	206	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	206	2	example	example	NOUN
elp-55513	206	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	206	4	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	206	5	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	206	6	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	206	7	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	206	8	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	206	9	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	206	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	206	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	206	12	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
elp-55513	206	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	206	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	206	15	supreme	supreme	PROPN
elp-55513	206	16	people	people	PROPN
elp-55513	206	17	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	206	18	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	206	19	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	206	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	206	21	application	application	NOUN
elp-55513	206	22	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	206	23	the	the	DET
elp-55513	206	24	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	206	25	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	206	26	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	206	27	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
elp-55513	206	28	prohibits	prohibit	VERB
elp-55513	206	29	a	a	DET
elp-55513	206	30	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	206	31	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	206	32	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	206	33	representing	represent	VERB
elp-55513	206	34	more	more	ADJ
elp-55513	206	35	than	than	ADP
elp-55513	206	36	one	one	NUM
elp-55513	206	37	co	co	NOUN
elp-55513	206	38	-	-	NOUN
elp-55513	206	39	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	206	40	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	206	41	any	any	DET
elp-55513	206	42	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	206	43	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	206	44	related	related	ADJ
elp-55513	206	45	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	206	46	separately	separately	ADV
elp-55513	206	47	handled	handle	VERB
elp-55513	206	48	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	206	49	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	207	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	207	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	207	3	situations	situation	NOUN
elp-55513	207	4	where	where	SCONJ
elp-55513	207	5	public	public	ADJ
elp-55513	207	6	authorities	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	207	7	hinder	hinder	VERB
elp-55513	207	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	207	9	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	207	10	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	207	11	receiving	receive	VERB
elp-55513	207	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	207	13	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	207	14	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	207	15	where	where	SCONJ
elp-55513	207	16	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	207	17	fail	fail	VERB
elp-55513	207	18	to	to	PART
elp-55513	207	19	perform	perform	VERB
elp-55513	207	20	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	207	21	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	207	22	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	207	23	not	not	PART
elp-55513	207	24	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
elp-55513	207	25	addressed	address	VERB
elp-55513	207	26	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	207	27	the	the	DET
elp-55513	207	28	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	207	29	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	207	30	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	207	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	208	1	given	give	VERB
elp-55513	208	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	208	3	implementation	implementation	NOUN
elp-55513	208	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	208	5	a	a	DET
elp-55513	208	6	nationwide	nationwide	ADJ
elp-55513	208	7	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	208	8	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	208	9	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
elp-55513	208	10	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	208	11	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	208	12	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	208	13	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	208	14	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	208	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	208	16	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	208	17	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	208	18	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	208	19	likely	likely	ADJ
elp-55513	208	20	to	to	PART
elp-55513	208	21	become	become	VERB
elp-55513	208	22	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
elp-55513	208	23	prominent	prominent	ADJ
elp-55513	208	24	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	208	25	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	208	26	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	208	27	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	209	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
elp-55513	209	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	209	3	implications	implication	NOUN
elp-55513	209	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	209	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	209	6	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	209	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	209	8	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	209	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	209	10	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	209	11	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	209	12	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	209	13	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	209	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	209	15	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	209	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	209	17	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	209	18	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	209	19	originates	originate	NOUN
elp-55513	209	20	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	209	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	209	22	sixth	sixth	ADJ
elp-55513	209	23	amendment	amendment	NOUN
elp-55513	209	24	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	209	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	209	26	u.s	u.s	PROPN
elp-55513	209	27	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	209	28	constitution	constitution	PROPN
elp-55513	209	29	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	209	30	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	209	31	applicability	applicability	NOUN
elp-55513	209	32	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	209	33	transcended	transcend	VERB
elp-55513	209	34	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	209	35	traditions	tradition	NOUN
elp-55513	209	36	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	209	37	the	the	DET
elp-55513	209	38	establishment	establishment	NOUN
elp-55513	209	39	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	209	40	criteria	criterion	NOUN
elp-55513	209	41	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	209	42	determining	determine	VERB
elp-55513	209	43	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	209	44	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	209	45	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	210	1	as	as	SCONJ
elp-55513	210	2	discussed	discuss	VERB
elp-55513	210	3	earlier	early	ADV
elp-55513	210	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	210	5	both	both	DET
elp-55513	210	6	germany	germany	PROPN
elp-55513	210	7	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	210	8	japan	japan	PROPN
elp-55513	210	9	have	have	AUX
elp-55513	210	10	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
elp-55513	210	11	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	210	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	210	13	systems	system	NOUN
elp-55513	210	14	into	into	ADP
elp-55513	210	15	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	210	16	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	210	17	frameworks	framework	NOUN
elp-55513	210	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	210	19	providing	provide	VERB
elp-55513	210	20	valuable	valuable	ADJ
elp-55513	210	21	insights	insight	NOUN
elp-55513	210	22	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	210	23	the	the	DET
elp-55513	210	24	potential	potential	ADJ
elp-55513	210	25	adoption	adoption	NOUN
elp-55513	210	26	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	210	27	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	210	28	systems	system	NOUN
elp-55513	210	29	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	210	30	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	210	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	211	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	211	2	2017	2017	NUM
elp-55513	211	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	211	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	211	5	supreme	supreme	PROPN
elp-55513	211	6	people	people	PROPN
elp-55513	211	7	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	211	8	court	court	NOUN
elp-55513	211	9	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	211	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	211	11	ministry	ministry	PROPN
elp-55513	211	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	211	13	justice	justice	PROPN
elp-55513	211	14	jointly	jointly	ADV
elp-55513	211	15	issued	issue	VERB
elp-55513	211	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	211	17	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	211	18	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	211	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	211	20	pilot	pilot	NOUN
elp-55513	211	21	program	program	NOUN
elp-55513	211	22	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	211	23	full	full	ADJ
elp-55513	211	24	coverage	coverage	NOUN
elp-55513	211	25	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	211	26	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	211	27	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	211	28	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	211	29	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	211	30	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	211	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	212	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	212	2	significant	significant	ADJ
elp-55513	212	3	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	212	4	reform	reform	NOUN
elp-55513	212	5	effectively	effectively	ADV
elp-55513	212	6	increased	increase	VERB
elp-55513	212	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	212	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	212	9	rate	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	212	10	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	212	11	pilot	pilot	NOUN
elp-55513	212	12	regions	region	NOUN
elp-55513	212	13	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	212	14	addressed	address	VERB
elp-55513	212	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	212	16	issue	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	212	17	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	212	18	low	low	ADJ
elp-55513	212	19	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	212	20	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	212	21	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	212	22	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	212	23	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	212	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	213	1	this	this	DET
elp-55513	213	2	reform	reform	NOUN
elp-55513	213	3	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
elp-55513	213	4	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	213	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	213	6	issue	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	213	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	213	8	low	low	ADJ
elp-55513	213	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	213	10	rates	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	213	11	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	213	12	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	213	13	resolved	resolve	VERB
elp-55513	213	14	progressively	progressively	ADV
elp-55513	213	15	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	214	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	214	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	214	3	improving	improve	VERB
elp-55513	214	4	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	214	5	rates	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	214	6	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	214	7	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	214	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	214	9	first	first	ADJ
elp-55513	214	10	step	step	NOUN
elp-55513	214	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	215	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	215	2	next	next	ADJ
elp-55513	215	3	critical	critical	ADJ
elp-55513	215	4	task	task	NOUN
elp-55513	215	5	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	215	6	to	to	PART
elp-55513	215	7	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	215	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	215	9	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	215	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	215	11	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	215	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	215	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	215	14	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	215	15	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	215	16	essential	essential	ADJ
elp-55513	215	17	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	215	18	advancing	advance	VERB
elp-55513	215	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	215	20	construction	construction	NOUN
elp-55513	215	21	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	215	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	215	23	rule	rule	NOUN
elp-55513	215	24	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	215	25	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	215	26	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	215	27	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	215	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	216	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	216	2	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	216	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	216	4	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	216	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	216	6	provides	provide	VERB
elp-55513	216	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	216	8	viable	viable	ADJ
elp-55513	216	9	pathway	pathway	NOUN
elp-55513	216	10	to	to	PART
elp-55513	216	11	achieve	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	216	12	this	this	DET
elp-55513	216	13	goal	goal	NOUN
elp-55513	216	14	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	217	1	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	217	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	217	3	broader	broad	ADJ
elp-55513	217	4	framework	framework	NOUN
elp-55513	217	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	217	6	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
elp-55513	217	7	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	217	8	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	217	9	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	217	10	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	217	11	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	217	12	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	217	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	217	14	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	217	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	217	16	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	217	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	217	18	not	not	PART
elp-55513	217	19	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	217	20	improves	improve	VERB
elp-55513	217	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	217	22	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	217	23	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	217	24	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	217	25	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	217	26	lays	lay	VERB
elp-55513	217	27	the	the	DET
elp-55513	217	28	foundation	foundation	NOUN
elp-55513	217	29	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	217	30	enhancing	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	217	31	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	217	32	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	217	33	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	218	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
elp-55513	218	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	218	3	both	both	PRON
elp-55513	218	4	common	common	ADJ
elp-55513	218	5	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	218	6	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	218	7	civil	civil	ADJ
elp-55513	218	8	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	218	9	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
elp-55513	218	10	have	have	AUX
elp-55513	218	11	implemented	implement	VERB
elp-55513	218	12	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	218	13	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	218	14	principles	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	218	15	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	218	16	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	218	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	218	18	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
elp-55513	218	19	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	218	20	broad	broad	ADJ
elp-55513	218	21	applicability	applicability	NOUN
elp-55513	218	22	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	218	23	practical	practical	ADJ
elp-55513	218	24	significance	significance	NOUN
elp-55513	218	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	219	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	219	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	219	3	determining	determine	VERB
elp-55513	219	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	219	5	extent	extent	NOUN
elp-55513	219	6	to	to	PART
elp-55513	219	7	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	219	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	219	9	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	219	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	219	11	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	219	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	219	13	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	219	14	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	219	15	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
elp-55513	219	16	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	219	17	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	219	18	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	219	19	remains	remain	VERB
elp-55513	219	20	a	a	DET
elp-55513	219	21	challenging	challenging	ADJ
elp-55513	219	22	issue	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	219	23	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	220	1	overemphasizing	overemphasize	VERB
elp-55513	220	2	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	220	3	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	220	4	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	220	5	hinder	hinder	VERB
elp-55513	220	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	220	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
elp-55513	220	8	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	220	9	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	220	10	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	220	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	220	12	potentially	potentially	ADV
elp-55513	220	13	leading	lead	VERB
elp-55513	220	14	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	220	15	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	220	16	stagnation	stagnation	NOUN
elp-55513	220	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	221	1	conversely	conversely	ADV
elp-55513	221	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	221	3	neglecting	neglect	VERB
elp-55513	221	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	221	5	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	221	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	221	7	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	221	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	221	9	risks	risk	NOUN
elp-55513	221	10	failing	fail	VERB
elp-55513	221	11	to	to	PART
elp-55513	221	12	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	221	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	221	14	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	221	15	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	221	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	221	17	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	221	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	222	1	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	222	2	balancing	balance	VERB
elp-55513	222	3	these	these	DET
elp-55513	222	4	two	two	NUM
elp-55513	222	5	extremes	extreme	NOUN
elp-55513	222	6	presents	present	VERB
elp-55513	222	7	a	a	DET
elp-55513	222	8	significant	significant	ADJ
elp-55513	222	9	challenge	challenge	NOUN
elp-55513	222	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	222	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	222	12	promotion	promotion	NOUN
elp-55513	222	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	222	14	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	222	15	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	222	16	undoubtedly	undoubtedly	ADV
elp-55513	222	17	encourages	encourage	VERB
elp-55513	222	18	professional	professional	ADJ
elp-55513	222	19	growth	growth	NOUN
elp-55513	222	20	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	222	21	development	development	NOUN
elp-55513	222	22	among	among	ADP
elp-55513	222	23	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	222	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	223	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	NOUN
elp-55513	223	2	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	223	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	223	4	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	223	5	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	223	6	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	223	7	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	223	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	224	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	224	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	224	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	224	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	224	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	224	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	224	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	224	8	159	159	NUM
elp-55513	224	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	224	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	224	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	224	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	224	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	224	14	theoretically	theoretically	ADV
elp-55513	224	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	224	16	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	224	17	are	be	VERB
elp-55513	224	18	no	no	DET
elp-55513	224	19	barriers	barrier	NOUN
elp-55513	224	20	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	224	21	introducing	introduce	VERB
elp-55513	224	22	an	an	DET
elp-55513	224	23	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	224	24	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	224	25	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	224	26	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	224	27	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	224	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	225	1	establishing	establish	VERB
elp-55513	225	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	225	3	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	225	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	225	5	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	225	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	225	7	would	would	AUX
elp-55513	225	8	not	not	PART
elp-55513	225	9	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	225	10	drive	drive	VERB
elp-55513	225	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	225	12	reform	reform	NOUN
elp-55513	225	13	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	225	14	development	development	NOUN
elp-55513	225	15	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	225	16	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	225	17	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	225	18	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	225	19	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	225	20	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	225	21	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	225	22	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	225	23	hold	hold	VERB
elp-55513	225	24	significant	significant	ADJ
elp-55513	225	25	practical	practical	ADJ
elp-55513	225	26	value	value	NOUN
elp-55513	225	27	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	226	1	5	5	X
elp-55513	226	2	.	.	X
elp-55513	226	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	226	4	pathway	pathway	NOUN
elp-55513	226	5	to	to	PART
elp-55513	226	6	achieve	achieve	VERB
elp-55513	226	7	an	an	DET
elp-55513	226	8	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	226	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	226	10	5.1	5.1	NUM
elp-55513	226	11	introducing	introduce	VERB
elp-55513	226	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	226	13	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	226	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	226	15	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	226	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	226	17	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	226	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	226	19	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	226	20	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	226	21	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	226	22	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	226	23	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	226	24	not	not	PART
elp-55513	226	25	been	be	AUX
elp-55513	226	26	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
elp-55513	226	27	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
elp-55513	226	28	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	226	29	a	a	DET
elp-55513	226	30	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
elp-55513	226	31	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	226	32	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	226	33	the	the	DET
elp-55513	226	34	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	226	35	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	226	36	laws	law	NOUN
elp-55513	226	37	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	226	38	codified	codify	VERB
elp-55513	226	39	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	226	40	systems	system	NOUN
elp-55513	226	41	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	226	42	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	226	43	core	core	NOUN
elp-55513	226	44	ideas	idea	NOUN
elp-55513	226	45	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	226	46	reflected	reflect	VERB
elp-55513	226	47	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	226	48	specific	specific	ADJ
elp-55513	226	49	institutional	institutional	ADJ
elp-55513	226	50	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
elp-55513	226	51	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	227	1	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	227	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	227	3	development	development	NOUN
elp-55513	227	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	227	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	227	6	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	227	7	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	227	8	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	227	9	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	227	10	pleas	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	227	11	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	227	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	227	13	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	227	14	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	227	15	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	227	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	227	17	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	227	18	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	227	19	necessary	necessary	ADJ
elp-55513	227	20	to	to	PART
elp-55513	227	21	establish	establish	VERB
elp-55513	227	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	227	23	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	227	24	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	227	25	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	227	26	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	227	27	within	within	ADP
elp-55513	227	28	these	these	DET
elp-55513	227	29	frameworks	framework	NOUN
elp-55513	227	30	to	to	PART
elp-55513	227	31	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
elp-55513	227	32	the	the	DET
elp-55513	227	33	state	state	NOUN
elp-55513	227	34	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	227	35	commitment	commitment	NOUN
elp-55513	227	36	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	227	37	protecting	protect	VERB
elp-55513	227	38	human	human	ADJ
elp-55513	227	39	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	227	40	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	228	1	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	228	2	an	an	DET
elp-55513	228	3	abstract	abstract	ADJ
elp-55513	228	4	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	228	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	228	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	228	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	228	8	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	228	9	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	228	10	embedded	embed	VERB
elp-55513	228	11	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	228	12	existing	exist	VERB
elp-55513	228	13	laws	law	NOUN
elp-55513	228	14	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	228	15	amending	amend	VERB
elp-55513	228	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	228	17	principles	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	228	18	outlined	outline	VERB
elp-55513	228	19	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	228	20	articles	article	NOUN
elp-55513	228	21	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	228	22	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	228	23	18	18	NUM
elp-55513	228	24	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	228	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	228	26	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	228	27	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	228	28	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	228	29	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	229	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	229	2	instance	instance	NOUN
elp-55513	229	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	229	4	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	229	5	15	15	NUM
elp-55513	229	6	could	could	AUX
elp-55513	229	7	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	229	8	revised	revise	VERB
elp-55513	229	9	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	229	10	state	state	NOUN
elp-55513	229	11	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	229	12	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	229	13	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	229	14	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	229	15	suspects	suspect	NOUN
elp-55513	229	16	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	229	17	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	229	18	voluntarily	voluntarily	ADV
elp-55513	229	19	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	229	20	truthfully	truthfully	ADV
elp-55513	229	21	confess	confess	VERB
elp-55513	229	22	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	229	23	crimes	crime	NOUN
elp-55513	229	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	229	25	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
elp-55513	229	26	the	the	DET
elp-55513	229	27	facts	fact	NOUN
elp-55513	229	28	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	229	29	the	the	DET
elp-55513	229	30	charges	charge	NOUN
elp-55513	229	31	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	229	32	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	229	33	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	229	34	willing	willing	ADJ
elp-55513	229	35	to	to	PART
elp-55513	229	36	accept	accept	VERB
elp-55513	229	37	punishment	punishment	NOUN
elp-55513	229	38	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	229	39	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	229	40	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	229	41	receive	receive	VERB
elp-55513	229	42	lenient	lenient	ADJ
elp-55513	229	43	treatment	treatment	NOUN
elp-55513	229	44	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	229	45	accordance	accordance	NOUN
elp-55513	229	46	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	229	47	the	the	DET
elp-55513	229	48	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	229	49	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	229	50	have	have	VERB
elp-55513	229	51	the	the	DET
elp-55513	229	52	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	229	53	to	to	PART
elp-55513	229	54	effective	effective	VERB
elp-55513	229	55	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	229	56	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	229	57	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	229	58	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	230	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	230	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	230	3	context	context	NOUN
elp-55513	230	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	230	5	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	230	6	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	230	7	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	230	8	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	230	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	230	10	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	230	11	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	230	12	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	230	13	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	230	14	interpreted	interpret	VERB
elp-55513	230	15	more	more	ADV
elp-55513	230	16	broadly	broadly	ADV
elp-55513	230	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	231	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	231	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	231	3	u.s	u.s	PROPN
elp-55513	231	4	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	231	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	231	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	231	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	231	8	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	231	9	generally	generally	ADV
elp-55513	231	10	understood	understand	VERB
elp-55513	231	11	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	231	12	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	231	13	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	231	14	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	231	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	231	16	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	231	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	231	18	terms	term	NOUN
elp-55513	231	19	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	231	20	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	231	21	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	231	22	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	231	23	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	231	24	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	231	25	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	231	26	hold	hold	VERB
elp-55513	231	27	different	different	ADJ
elp-55513	231	28	connotations	connotation	NOUN
elp-55513	231	29	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	231	30	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	231	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	232	1	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	232	2	example	example	NOUN
elp-55513	232	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	232	4	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	232	5	current	current	ADJ
elp-55513	232	6	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	232	7	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	232	8	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	232	9	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	232	10	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	232	11	considered	consider	VERB
elp-55513	232	12	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	232	13	assistants	assistant	NOUN
elp-55513	232	14	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	232	15	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	232	16	not	not	PART
elp-55513	232	17	act	act	VERB
elp-55513	232	18	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	232	19	defenders	defender	NOUN
elp-55513	232	20	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	233	1	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	233	2	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	233	3	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	233	4	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	233	5	not	not	PART
elp-55513	233	6	subject	subject	ADJ
elp-55513	233	7	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	233	8	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	233	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	233	10	regulations	regulation	NOUN
elp-55513	233	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	234	1	thus	thus	ADV
elp-55513	234	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	234	3	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	234	4	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	234	5	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	234	6	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	234	7	expansively	expansively	ADV
elp-55513	234	8	interpreted	interpret	VERB
elp-55513	234	9	to	to	PART
elp-55513	234	10	encompass	encompass	VERB
elp-55513	234	11	both	both	DET
elp-55513	234	12	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	234	13	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	234	14	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	234	15	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	234	16	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	234	17	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	234	18	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	234	19	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	234	20	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	234	21	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	235	1	since	since	SCONJ
elp-55513	235	2	both	both	DET
elp-55513	235	3	concepts	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	235	4	aim	aim	VERB
elp-55513	235	5	to	to	PART
elp-55513	235	6	protect	protect	VERB
elp-55513	235	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	235	8	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	235	9	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	235	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	235	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	235	12	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	235	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	235	14	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	235	15	align	align	VERB
elp-55513	235	16	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	235	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	235	18	value	value	NOUN
elp-55513	235	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	235	20	due	due	ADJ
elp-55513	235	21	process	process	NOUN
elp-55513	235	22	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	236	1	5.2	5.2	NUM
elp-55513	236	2	establishing	establish	VERB
elp-55513	236	3	an	an	DET
elp-55513	236	4	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	236	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	236	6	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	236	7	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	236	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	236	9	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	236	10	protects	protect	VERB
elp-55513	236	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	236	12	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	236	13	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	236	14	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	236	15	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	236	16	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	236	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	236	18	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	236	19	are	be	VERB
elp-55513	236	20	no	no	DET
elp-55513	236	21	remedial	remedial	ADJ
elp-55513	236	22	measures	measure	NOUN
elp-55513	236	23	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	236	24	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	236	25	where	where	SCONJ
elp-55513	236	26	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	236	27	fail	fail	VERB
elp-55513	236	28	to	to	PART
elp-55513	236	29	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
elp-55513	236	30	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	236	31	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	236	32	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	236	33	creating	create	VERB
elp-55513	236	34	a	a	DET
elp-55513	236	35	legislative	legislative	ADJ
elp-55513	236	36	gap	gap	NOUN
elp-55513	236	37	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	237	1	establishing	establish	VERB
elp-55513	237	2	a	a	DET
elp-55513	237	3	specific	specific	ADJ
elp-55513	237	4	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	237	5	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	237	6	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	237	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	237	8	could	could	AUX
elp-55513	237	9	address	address	VERB
elp-55513	237	10	this	this	DET
elp-55513	237	11	gap	gap	NOUN
elp-55513	237	12	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	1	as	as	SCONJ
elp-55513	238	2	discussed	discuss	VERB
elp-55513	238	3	earlier	early	ADV
elp-55513	238	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	5	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	238	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	238	7	requires	require	VERB
elp-55513	238	8	three	three	NUM
elp-55513	238	9	elements	element	NOUN
elp-55513	238	10	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	11	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	12	1	1	X
elp-55513	238	13	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	238	15	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	238	16	fails	fail	VERB
elp-55513	238	17	to	to	PART
elp-55513	238	18	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
elp-55513	238	19	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	238	20	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	238	21	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	238	22	diligence	diligence	NOUN
elp-55513	238	23	;	;	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	24	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	25	2	2	X
elp-55513	238	26	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	27	the	the	DET
elp-55513	238	28	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	238	29	authority	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	238	30	issues	issue	VERB
elp-55513	238	31	an	an	DET
elp-55513	238	32	unfavorable	unfavorable	ADJ
elp-55513	238	33	ruling	ruling	NOUN
elp-55513	238	34	against	against	ADP
elp-55513	238	35	the	the	DET
elp-55513	238	36	accused	accuse	VERB
elp-55513	238	37	;	;	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	38	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	238	39	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	40	3	3	X
elp-55513	238	41	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	238	42	there	there	PRON
elp-55513	238	43	is	be	VERB
elp-55513	238	44	a	a	DET
elp-55513	238	45	direct	direct	ADJ
elp-55513	238	46	causal	causal	NOUN
elp-55513	238	47	relationship	relationship	NOUN
elp-55513	238	48	between	between	ADP
elp-55513	238	49	the	the	DET
elp-55513	238	50	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	238	51	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	238	52	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	238	53	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	238	54	the	the	DET
elp-55513	238	55	unfavorable	unfavorable	ADJ
elp-55513	238	56	ruling	ruling	NOUN
elp-55513	238	57	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	239	1	when	when	SCONJ
elp-55513	239	2	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	239	3	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	239	4	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	239	5	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	239	6	fail	fail	VERB
elp-55513	239	7	to	to	PART
elp-55513	239	8	perform	perform	VERB
elp-55513	239	9	their	their	PRON
elp-55513	239	10	duties	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	239	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	239	12	leading	lead	VERB
elp-55513	239	13	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	239	14	unfavorable	unfavorable	ADJ
elp-55513	239	15	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	239	16	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	239	17	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	239	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	239	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	239	20	question	question	NOUN
elp-55513	239	21	arises	arise	VERB
elp-55513	239	22	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	239	23	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	239	24	bears	bear	VERB
elp-55513	239	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	239	26	burden	burden	NOUN
elp-55513	239	27	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	239	28	proof	proof	NOUN
elp-55513	239	29	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	239	30	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	239	31	who	who	PRON
elp-55513	239	32	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	239	33	accountable	accountable	ADJ
elp-55513	239	34	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	239	35	the	the	DET
elp-55513	239	36	consequences	consequence	NOUN
elp-55513	239	37	?	?	PUNCT
elp-55513	240	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	240	2	author	author	NOUN
elp-55513	240	3	argues	argue	VERB
elp-55513	240	4	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	240	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	240	6	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	240	7	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	240	8	bear	bear	VERB
elp-55513	240	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	240	10	initial	initial	ADJ
elp-55513	240	11	burden	burden	NOUN
elp-55513	240	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	240	13	proof	proof	NOUN
elp-55513	240	14	to	to	PART
elp-55513	240	15	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
elp-55513	240	16	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	240	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	240	18	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	240	19	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	240	20	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	240	21	rendered	render	VERB
elp-55513	240	22	the	the	DET
elp-55513	240	23	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	240	24	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	240	25	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	240	26	constituting	constitute	VERB
elp-55513	240	27	a	a	DET
elp-55513	240	28	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	240	29	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
elp-55513	240	30	flaw	flaw	NOUN
elp-55513	240	31	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	240	32	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	241	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
elp-55513	241	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	241	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	241	4	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	241	5	must	must	AUX
elp-55513	241	6	show	show	VERB
elp-55513	241	7	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	241	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	241	9	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
elp-55513	241	10	resulted	result	VERB
elp-55513	241	11	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	241	12	an	an	DET
elp-55513	241	13	unjust	unjust	ADJ
elp-55513	241	14	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	241	15	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	241	16	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ
elp-55513	241	17	judgment	judgment	NOUN
elp-55513	241	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	241	19	meeting	meet	VERB
elp-55513	241	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	241	21	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	241	22	adverse	adverse	ADJ
elp-55513	241	23	outcome	outcome	NOUN
elp-55513	241	24	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	241	25	criterion	criterion	NOUN
elp-55513	241	26	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	242	1	however	however	ADV
elp-55513	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	242	3	as	as	SCONJ
elp-55513	242	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	242	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
elp-55513	242	6	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	242	7	has	have	AUX
elp-55513	242	8	abandoned	abandon	VERB
elp-55513	242	9	this	this	DET
elp-55513	242	10	stringent	stringent	ADJ
elp-55513	242	11	standard	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	242	12	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	242	13	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	242	14	like	like	ADP
elp-55513	242	15	frye	frye	NOUN
elp-55513	242	16	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	242	17	cooper	cooper	PROPN
elp-55513	242	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	242	19	the	the	DET
elp-55513	242	20	focus	focus	NOUN
elp-55513	242	21	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	242	22	instead	instead	ADV
elp-55513	242	23	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	242	24	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	242	25	proving	prove	VERB
elp-55513	242	26	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	242	27	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	VERB
elp-55513	242	28	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	242	29	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	242	30	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	242	31	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	242	32	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	242	33	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	242	34	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	243	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	243	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	243	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	243	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	243	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	243	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	243	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	243	8	160	160	NUM
elp-55513	243	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	243	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	243	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	243	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	243	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	243	14	identifying	identify	VERB
elp-55513	243	15	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
elp-55513	243	16	flaws	flaw	NOUN
elp-55513	243	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	244	1	courts	court	NOUN
elp-55513	244	2	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	244	3	more	more	ADV
elp-55513	244	4	easily	easily	ADV
elp-55513	244	5	verify	verify	VERB
elp-55513	244	6	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	244	7	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	244	8	’	’	PART
elp-55513	244	9	actions	action	NOUN
elp-55513	244	10	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	244	11	materials	material	NOUN
elp-55513	244	12	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	244	13	as	as	ADP
elp-55513	244	14	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	244	15	arguments	argument	NOUN
elp-55513	244	16	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	244	17	written	write	VERB
elp-55513	244	18	evidence	evidence	NOUN
elp-55513	244	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	244	20	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	244	21	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	244	22	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	244	23	need	need	VERB
elp-55513	244	24	to	to	PART
elp-55513	244	25	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	244	26	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
elp-55513	244	27	evidence	evidence	NOUN
elp-55513	244	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	245	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	245	2	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	245	3	plea	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	245	4	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	245	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	245	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	245	7	focus	focus	NOUN
elp-55513	245	8	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	245	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	245	10	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	245	11	assistance	assistance	NOUN
elp-55513	245	12	shifts	shift	NOUN
elp-55513	245	13	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	245	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	245	15	pretrial	pretrial	ADJ
elp-55513	245	16	phase	phase	NOUN
elp-55513	245	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	246	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	246	2	a	a	DET
elp-55513	246	3	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	246	4	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	246	5	misleads	mislead	VERB
elp-55513	246	6	a	a	DET
elp-55513	246	7	defendant	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	246	8	into	into	ADP
elp-55513	246	9	pleading	plead	VERB
elp-55513	246	10	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	246	11	without	without	ADP
elp-55513	246	12	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ
elp-55513	246	13	intent	intent	NOUN
elp-55513	246	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	246	15	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	246	16	violates	violate	VERB
elp-55513	246	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	246	18	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	246	19	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	246	20	voluntariness	voluntariness	NOUN
elp-55513	246	21	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	247	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	247	2	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	247	3	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	247	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	247	5	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	247	6	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
elp-55513	247	7	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	247	8	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	247	9	made	make	VERB
elp-55513	247	10	based	base	VERB
elp-55513	247	11	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	247	12	the	the	DET
elp-55513	247	13	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
elp-55513	247	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	247	15	transitioning	transition	VERB
elp-55513	247	16	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	247	17	expedited	expedite	VERB
elp-55513	247	18	procedures	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	247	19	to	to	PART
elp-55513	247	20	simplified	simplified	ADJ
elp-55513	247	21	or	or	CCONJ
elp-55513	247	22	standard	standard	ADJ
elp-55513	247	23	procedures	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	247	24	to	to	PART
elp-55513	247	25	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	247	26	a	a	DET
elp-55513	247	27	fair	fair	ADJ
elp-55513	247	28	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	247	29	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	248	1	if	if	SCONJ
elp-55513	248	2	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	248	3	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	248	4	are	be	AUX
elp-55513	248	5	identified	identify	VERB
elp-55513	248	6	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	248	7	an	an	DET
elp-55513	248	8	appeal	appeal	NOUN
elp-55513	248	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	248	10	they	they	PRON
elp-55513	248	11	could	could	AUX
elp-55513	248	12	fall	fall	VERB
elp-55513	248	13	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	248	14	article	article	NOUN
elp-55513	248	15	238	238	NUM
elp-55513	248	16	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	248	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	248	18	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	248	19	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	248	20	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	248	21	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	248	22	which	which	PRON
elp-55513	248	23	stipulates	stipulate	VERB
elp-55513	248	24	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	248	25	violations	violation	NOUN
elp-55513	248	26	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	248	27	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	248	28	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	248	29	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	248	30	that	that	PRON
elp-55513	248	31	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	248	32	affect	affect	VERB
elp-55513	248	33	the	the	DET
elp-55513	248	34	fairness	fairness	NOUN
elp-55513	248	35	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	248	36	the	the	DET
elp-55513	248	37	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	248	38	constitute	constitute	NOUN
elp-55513	248	39	grounds	ground	NOUN
elp-55513	248	40	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	248	41	annulment	annulment	NOUN
elp-55513	248	42	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	248	43	retrial	retrial	NOUN
elp-55513	248	44	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	249	1	judges	judge	NOUN
elp-55513	249	2	must	must	AUX
elp-55513	249	3	thoroughly	thoroughly	ADV
elp-55513	249	4	review	review	VERB
elp-55513	249	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	249	6	voluntariness	voluntariness	NOUN
elp-55513	249	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	249	8	guilty	guilty	ADJ
elp-55513	249	9	pleas	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	249	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	249	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	249	12	factual	factual	ADJ
elp-55513	249	13	basis	basis	NOUN
elp-55513	249	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	249	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	249	16	charges	charge	NOUN
elp-55513	249	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	249	18	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	249	19	sentencing	sentence	VERB
elp-55513	249	20	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
elp-55513	249	21	to	to	PART
elp-55513	249	22	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	249	23	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	249	24	justice	justice	NOUN
elp-55513	249	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	250	1	5.3	5.3	NUM
elp-55513	250	2	protecting	protect	VERB
elp-55513	250	3	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	250	4	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	250	5	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	250	6	5.3.1	5.3.1	NUM
elp-55513	250	7	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	250	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	250	9	right	right	NOUN
elp-55513	250	10	to	to	PART
elp-55513	250	11	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	250	12	although	although	SCONJ
elp-55513	250	13	the	the	DET
elp-55513	250	14	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	250	15	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	250	16	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	250	17	specifies	specify	VERB
elp-55513	250	18	the	the	DET
elp-55513	250	19	materials	material	NOUN
elp-55513	250	20	required	require	VERB
elp-55513	250	21	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	250	22	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	250	23	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	250	24	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	250	25	additional	additional	ADJ
elp-55513	250	26	documentation	documentation	NOUN
elp-55513	250	27	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	250	28	often	often	ADV
elp-55513	250	29	requested	request	VERB
elp-55513	250	30	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	250	31	practice	practice	NOUN
elp-55513	250	32	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	251	1	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	251	2	authorities	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	251	3	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	251	4	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	251	5	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	251	6	education	education	NOUN
elp-55513	251	7	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	251	8	detention	detention	NOUN
elp-55513	251	9	centers	center	NOUN
elp-55513	251	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	251	11	clarifying	clarify	VERB
elp-55513	251	12	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	251	13	no	no	DET
elp-55513	251	14	additional	additional	ADJ
elp-55513	251	15	materials	material	NOUN
elp-55513	251	16	beyond	beyond	ADP
elp-55513	251	17	the	the	DET
elp-55513	251	18	legally	legally	ADV
elp-55513	251	19	mandated	mandate	VERB
elp-55513	251	20	three	three	NUM
elp-55513	251	21	documents	document	NOUN
elp-55513	251	22	may	may	AUX
elp-55513	251	23	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	251	24	required	require	VERB
elp-55513	251	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	252	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
elp-55513	252	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	252	3	remedies	remedy	NOUN
elp-55513	252	4	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	252	5	denied	deny	VERB
elp-55513	252	6	visitation	visitation	NOUN
elp-55513	252	7	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	252	8	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	252	9	diversified	diversify	VERB
elp-55513	252	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	252	11	extending	extend	VERB
elp-55513	252	12	beyond	beyond	ADP
elp-55513	252	13	prosecutorial	prosecutorial	ADJ
elp-55513	252	14	oversight	oversight	NOUN
elp-55513	252	15	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	252	16	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	252	17	penalties	penalty	NOUN
elp-55513	252	18	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	252	19	such	such	ADJ
elp-55513	252	20	violations	violation	NOUN
elp-55513	252	21	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	252	22	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	252	23	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
elp-55513	252	24	to	to	PART
elp-55513	252	25	enhance	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	252	26	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
elp-55513	252	27	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	253	1	5.3.2	5.3.2	NUM
elp-55513	253	2	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	253	3	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	253	4	to	to	PART
elp-55513	253	5	case	case	VERB
elp-55513	253	6	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	253	7	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	253	8	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	253	9	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	253	10	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	253	11	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	253	12	details	detail	NOUN
elp-55513	253	13	during	during	ADP
elp-55513	253	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	253	15	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	253	16	phase	phase	NOUN
elp-55513	253	17	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	253	18	crucial	crucial	ADJ
elp-55513	253	19	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	253	20	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	253	21	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	253	22	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	254	1	without	without	ADP
elp-55513	254	2	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	254	3	materials	material	NOUN
elp-55513	254	4	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	254	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	254	6	investigative	investigative	ADJ
elp-55513	254	7	authorities	authority	NOUN
elp-55513	254	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	254	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	254	10	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	254	11	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	254	12	not	not	PART
elp-55513	254	13	provide	provide	VERB
elp-55513	254	14	timely	timely	ADJ
elp-55513	254	15	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	254	16	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	254	17	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	254	18	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	255	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
elp-55513	255	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	255	3	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	255	4	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	255	5	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	255	6	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	255	7	allowed	allow	VERB
elp-55513	255	8	to	to	PART
elp-55513	255	9	review	review	VERB
elp-55513	255	10	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	255	11	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	255	12	within	within	ADP
elp-55513	255	13	a	a	DET
elp-55513	255	14	defined	define	VERB
elp-55513	255	15	scope	scope	NOUN
elp-55513	255	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	255	17	provided	provide	VERB
elp-55513	255	18	this	this	PRON
elp-55513	255	19	does	do	AUX
elp-55513	255	20	not	not	PART
elp-55513	255	21	hinder	hinder	VERB
elp-55513	255	22	investigative	investigative	ADJ
elp-55513	255	23	efforts	effort	NOUN
elp-55513	255	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	256	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	256	2	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	256	3	should	should	AUX
elp-55513	256	4	advance	advance	VERB
elp-55513	256	5	the	the	DET
elp-55513	256	6	timeline	timeline	NOUN
elp-55513	256	7	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	256	8	granting	grant	VERB
elp-55513	256	9	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	256	10	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	256	11	case	case	VERB
elp-55513	256	12	files	file	NOUN
elp-55513	256	13	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	256	14	the	the	DET
elp-55513	256	15	investigation	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	256	16	phase	phase	NOUN
elp-55513	256	17	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	256	18	specify	specify	VERB
elp-55513	256	19	penalties	penalty	NOUN
elp-55513	256	20	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	256	21	obstructing	obstruct	VERB
elp-55513	256	22	investigations	investigation	NOUN
elp-55513	256	23	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	256	24	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	256	25	a	a	DET
elp-55513	256	26	balance	balance	NOUN
elp-55513	256	27	between	between	ADP
elp-55513	256	28	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	256	29	’	’	PART
elp-55513	256	30	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	256	31	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	256	32	investigative	investigative	ADJ
elp-55513	256	33	needs	need	NOUN
elp-55513	256	34	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	257	1	6	6	X
elp-55513	257	2	.	.	X
elp-55513	257	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
elp-55513	257	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	257	5	concept	concept	NOUN
elp-55513	257	6	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	257	7	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	257	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	257	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	257	10	though	though	SCONJ
elp-55513	257	11	originating	originate	VERB
elp-55513	257	12	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	257	13	common	common	ADJ
elp-55513	257	14	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	257	15	systems	system	NOUN
elp-55513	257	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	257	17	holds	hold	VERB
elp-55513	257	18	significant	significant	ADJ
elp-55513	257	19	value	value	NOUN
elp-55513	257	20	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	257	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	257	22	reform	reform	NOUN
elp-55513	257	23	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	257	24	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	257	25	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	257	26	judicial	judicial	ADJ
elp-55513	257	27	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	257	28	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	258	1	while	while	SCONJ
elp-55513	258	2	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	258	3	has	have	VERB
elp-55513	258	4	yet	yet	ADV
elp-55513	258	5	to	to	PART
elp-55513	258	6	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
elp-55513	258	7	define	define	VERB
elp-55513	258	8	the	the	DET
elp-55513	258	9	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	258	10	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	258	11	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	258	12	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	258	13	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	258	14	its	its	PRON
elp-55513	258	15	essence	essence	NOUN
elp-55513	258	16	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	258	17	already	already	ADV
elp-55513	258	18	embedded	embed	VERB
elp-55513	258	19	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	258	20	the	the	DET
elp-55513	258	21	nation	nation	NOUN
elp-55513	258	22	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	258	23	existing	exist	VERB
elp-55513	258	24	legislation	legislation	NOUN
elp-55513	258	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	259	1	against	against	ADP
elp-55513	259	2	the	the	DET
elp-55513	259	3	backdrop	backdrop	NOUN
elp-55513	259	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	259	5	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
elp-55513	259	6	coverage	coverage	NOUN
elp-55513	259	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	259	8	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	259	9	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	259	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	259	11	the	the	DET
elp-55513	259	12	primary	primary	ADJ
elp-55513	259	13	issue	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	259	14	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	259	15	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	259	16	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	259	17	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	259	18	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	259	19	is	be	AUX
elp-55513	259	20	expected	expect	VERB
elp-55513	259	21	to	to	PART
elp-55513	259	22	shift	shift	VERB
elp-55513	259	23	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	259	24	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	259	25	low	low	ADJ
elp-55513	259	26	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	259	27	rates	rate	NOUN
elp-55513	259	28	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	259	29	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	259	30	the	the	DET
elp-55513	259	31	need	need	NOUN
elp-55513	259	32	for	for	ADP
elp-55513	259	33	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	259	34	high	high	ADJ
elp-55513	259	35	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	259	36	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	259	37	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	259	38	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	259	39	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	260	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	260	2	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	260	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	260	4	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	260	5	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	260	6	addresses	address	NOUN
elp-55513	260	7	the	the	DET
elp-55513	260	8	challenge	challenge	NOUN
elp-55513	260	9	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	260	10	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	260	11	high	high	ADJ
elp-55513	260	12	-	-	PUNCT
elp-55513	260	13	quality	quality	NOUN
elp-55513	260	14	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	260	15	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	260	16	regulating	regulate	VERB
elp-55513	260	17	passive	passive	ADJ
elp-55513	260	18	behavior	behavior	NOUN
elp-55513	260	19	among	among	ADP
elp-55513	260	20	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	260	21	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	260	22	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
elp-55513	260	23	clients	client	NOUN
elp-55513	260	24	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	260	25	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
elp-55513	260	26	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	260	27	through	through	ADP
elp-55513	260	28	proactive	proactive	ADJ
elp-55513	260	29	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	260	30	representation	representation	NOUN
elp-55513	260	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	261	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
elp-55513	261	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	261	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	261	4	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	261	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	261	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	261	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	261	8	not	not	PART
elp-55513	261	9	only	only	ADV
elp-55513	261	10	addresses	address	NOUN
elp-55513	261	11	potential	potential	ADJ
elp-55513	261	12	future	future	ADJ
elp-55513	261	13	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	261	14	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	261	15	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	261	16	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
elp-55513	261	17	but	but	CCONJ
elp-55513	261	18	also	also	ADV
elp-55513	261	19	provides	provide	VERB
elp-55513	261	20	solutions	solution	NOUN
elp-55513	261	21	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	261	22	existing	exist	VERB
elp-55513	261	23	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
elp-55513	261	24	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	261	25	the	the	DET
elp-55513	261	26	plea	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	261	27	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	261	28	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	261	29	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	261	30	the	the	DET
elp-55513	261	31	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elp	NOUN
elp-55513	261	32	economics	economic	NOUN
elp-55513	261	33	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	261	34	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	261	35	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	261	36	policy	policy	NOUN
elp-55513	261	37	vol	vol	NOUN
elp-55513	261	38	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	262	1	7	7	NUM
elp-55513	262	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	262	3	no	no	INTJ
elp-55513	262	4	.	.	NOUN
elp-55513	262	5	3	3	NUM
elp-55513	262	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	262	7	2024	2024	NUM
elp-55513	262	8	161	161	NUM
elp-55513	262	9	published	publish	VERB
elp-55513	262	10	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	262	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
elp-55513	262	12	inc	inc	PROPN
elp-55513	262	13	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	262	14	duty	duty	PROPN
elp-55513	262	15	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	262	16	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	262	17	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	263	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	263	2	plea	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	263	3	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	263	4	cases	case	NOUN
elp-55513	263	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	263	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	263	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	263	8	plays	play	VERB
elp-55513	263	9	a	a	DET
elp-55513	263	10	critical	critical	ADJ
elp-55513	263	11	role	role	NOUN
elp-55513	263	12	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	263	13	ensuring	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	263	14	voluntariness	voluntariness	ADJ
elp-55513	263	15	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	263	16	enhancing	enhance	VERB
elp-55513	263	17	sentencing	sentencing	NOUN
elp-55513	263	18	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN
elp-55513	263	19	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	264	1	it	it	PRON
elp-55513	264	2	even	even	ADV
elp-55513	264	3	rectifies	rectify	VERB
elp-55513	264	4	certain	certain	ADJ
elp-55513	264	5	“	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	264	6	gray	gray	ADJ
elp-55513	264	7	areas	area	NOUN
elp-55513	264	8	”	"	PUNCT
elp-55513	264	9	within	within	ADP
elp-55513	264	10	the	the	DET
elp-55513	264	11	plea	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	264	12	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	264	13	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	264	14	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	264	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	264	16	broader	broad	ADJ
elp-55513	264	17	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	264	18	framework	framework	NOUN
elp-55513	264	19	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	264	20	thereby	thereby	ADV
elp-55513	264	21	advancing	advance	VERB
elp-55513	264	22	fairness	fairness	NOUN
elp-55513	264	23	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	264	24	justice	justice	NOUN
elp-55513	264	25	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	265	1	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	265	2	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
elp-55513	265	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	265	4	principle	principle	NOUN
elp-55513	265	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	265	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	265	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	265	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	265	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	265	10	ambiguous	ambiguous	ADJ
elp-55513	265	11	positioning	positioning	NOUN
elp-55513	265	12	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	265	13	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	265	14	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	265	15	can	can	AUX
elp-55513	265	16	be	be	AUX
elp-55513	265	17	alleviated	alleviate	VERB
elp-55513	265	18	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	265	19	granting	grant	VERB
elp-55513	265	20	them	they	PRON
elp-55513	265	21	expanded	expand	VERB
elp-55513	265	22	rights	right	NOUN
elp-55513	265	23	to	to	PART
elp-55513	265	24	ensure	ensure	VERB
elp-55513	265	25	that	that	SCONJ
elp-55513	265	26	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	265	27	have	have	VERB
elp-55513	265	28	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	265	29	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	265	30	advantageous	advantageous	ADJ
elp-55513	265	31	procedural	procedural	ADJ
elp-55513	265	32	choices	choice	NOUN
elp-55513	265	33	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	265	34	enabling	enable	VERB
elp-55513	265	35	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	265	36	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
elp-55513	265	37	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	265	38	prosecutors	prosecutor	NOUN
elp-55513	265	39	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	265	40	conditions	condition	NOUN
elp-55513	265	41	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	265	42	equitable	equitable	ADJ
elp-55513	265	43	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
elp-55513	265	44	capability	capability	NOUN
elp-55513	265	45	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	266	1	references	reference	NOUN
elp-55513	266	2	chen	chen	PROPN
elp-55513	266	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	266	4	r.	r.	PROPN
elp-55513	266	5	h.	h.	PROPN
elp-55513	266	6	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	266	7	2017	2017	NUM
elp-55513	266	8	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	266	9	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	267	1	some	some	DET
elp-55513	267	2	controversial	controversial	ADJ
elp-55513	267	3	issues	issue	NOUN
elp-55513	267	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	267	5	plea	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	267	6	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
elp-55513	267	7	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	267	8	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	267	9	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	268	1	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	268	2	jurisprudence	jurisprudence	PROPN
elp-55513	268	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	268	4	2017(01	2017(01	NUM
elp-55513	268	5	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	268	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	268	7	35	35	NUM
elp-55513	268	8	-	-	SYM
elp-55513	268	9	52	52	NUM
elp-55513	268	10	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	269	1	han	han	PROPN
elp-55513	269	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	269	3	x.	x.	NOUN
elp-55513	269	4	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	269	5	2016	2016	NUM
elp-55513	269	6	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	269	7	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	270	1	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	270	2	participation	participation	NOUN
elp-55513	270	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	270	4	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	270	5	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	270	6	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	270	7	plea	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	270	8	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
elp-55513	270	9	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	270	10	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	270	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	271	1	nandu	nandu	PROPN
elp-55513	271	2	academy	academy	PROPN
elp-55513	271	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	271	4	36(06	36(06	NUM
elp-55513	271	5	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	271	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	271	7	65	65	NUM
elp-55513	271	8	-	-	SYM
elp-55513	271	9	69	69	NUM
elp-55513	271	10	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	272	1	joshua	joshua	PROPN
elp-55513	272	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	272	3	d.	d.	PROPN
elp-55513	272	4	et	et	PROPN
elp-55513	272	5	al	al	PROPN
elp-55513	272	6	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	272	7	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	272	8	2009	2009	NUM
elp-55513	272	9	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	272	10	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	273	1	american	american	ADJ
elp-55513	273	2	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	273	3	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	273	4	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	273	5	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	273	6	a	a	DET
elp-55513	273	7	nutshell	nutshell	NOUN
elp-55513	273	8	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	273	9	volume	volume	NOUN
elp-55513	273	10	i	i	PROPN
elp-55513	273	11	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	273	12	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	274	1	wu	wu	PROPN
elp-55513	274	2	hongyao	hongyao	PROPN
elp-55513	274	3	translation	translation	NOUN
elp-55513	274	4	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	275	1	beijing	beijing	PROPN
elp-55513	275	2	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	275	3	peking	peking	PROPN
elp-55513	275	4	university	university	NOUN
elp-55513	275	5	press	press	NOUN
elp-55513	275	6	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	276	1	ma	ma	PROPN
elp-55513	276	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	276	3	m.	m.	PROPN
elp-55513	276	4	l.	l.	PROPN
elp-55513	276	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	276	6	&	&	CCONJ
elp-55513	276	7	zhang	zhang	PROPN
elp-55513	276	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	276	9	x.	x.	PROPN
elp-55513	276	10	s.	s.	PROPN
elp-55513	276	11	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	276	12	2005	2005	NUM
elp-55513	276	13	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	276	14	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	277	1	an	an	DET
elp-55513	277	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
elp-55513	277	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
elp-55513	277	4	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	277	5	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	277	6	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	277	7	aid	aid	NOUN
elp-55513	277	8	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	277	9	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	277	10	—	—	PUNCT
elp-55513	277	11	with	with	ADP
elp-55513	277	12	an	an	DET
elp-55513	277	13	account	account	NOUN
elp-55513	277	14	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	277	15	the	the	DET
elp-55513	277	16	impact	impact	NOUN
elp-55513	277	17	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	277	18	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	277	19	aid	aid	NOUN
elp-55513	277	20	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	277	21	the	the	DET
elp-55513	277	22	modern	modern	ADJ
elp-55513	277	23	litigation	litigation	NOUN
elp-55513	277	24	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	277	25	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	277	26	chen	chen	PROPN
elp-55513	277	27	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	277	28	r.	r.	PROPN
elp-55513	277	29	h.	h.	PROPN
elp-55513	277	30	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	277	31	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	278	1	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	278	2	an	an	DET
elp-55513	278	3	empirical	empirical	ADJ
elp-55513	278	4	examination	examination	NOUN
elp-55513	278	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	278	6	the	the	DET
elp-55513	278	7	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	278	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	278	9	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	278	10	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	278	11	p.	p.	NOUN
elp-55513	278	12	152	152	NUM
elp-55513	278	13	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	278	14	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	279	1	beijing	beijing	PROPN
elp-55513	279	2	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	279	3	peking	peking	PROPN
elp-55513	279	4	university	university	NOUN
elp-55513	279	5	press	press	NOUN
elp-55513	279	6	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	280	1	moriichi	moriichi	PROPN
elp-55513	280	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	280	3	t.	t.	PROPN
elp-55513	280	4	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	280	5	2010	2010	NUM
elp-55513	280	6	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	280	7	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	281	1	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	281	2	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	281	3	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	281	4	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	281	5	zhang	zhang	PROPN
elp-55513	281	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	281	7	l.	l.	PROPN
elp-55513	281	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	281	9	&	&	CCONJ
elp-55513	281	10	yu	yu	PROPN
elp-55513	281	11	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	281	12	x.	x.	PROPN
elp-55513	281	13	f.	f.	PROPN
elp-55513	281	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	281	15	trans	trans	PROPN
elp-55513	281	16	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	281	17	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	281	18	p.	p.	NOUN
elp-55513	281	19	170	170	NUM
elp-55513	281	20	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	281	21	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	282	1	beijing	beijing	PROPN
elp-55513	282	2	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	283	1	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	283	2	university	university	PROPN
elp-55513	283	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	283	4	political	political	ADJ
elp-55513	283	5	science	science	NOUN
elp-55513	283	6	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	283	7	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	283	8	press	press	NOUN
elp-55513	283	9	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	284	1	qian	qian	PROPN
elp-55513	284	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	284	3	c.	c.	PROPN
elp-55513	284	4	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	284	5	2020	2020	NUM
elp-55513	284	6	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	284	7	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	285	1	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	285	2	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	285	3	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	285	4	the	the	DET
elp-55513	285	5	leniency	leniency	NOUN
elp-55513	285	6	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	285	7	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	285	8	plea	plea	NOUN
elp-55513	285	9	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
elp-55513	285	10	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	285	11	from	from	ADP
elp-55513	285	12	origin	origin	NOUN
elp-55513	285	13	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	285	14	embedding	embed	VERB
elp-55513	285	15	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	1	academic	academic	ADJ
elp-55513	286	2	exchange	exchange	NOUN
elp-55513	286	3	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	4	2020(03	2020(03	NUM
elp-55513	286	5	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	7	72	72	NUM
elp-55513	286	8	-	-	SYM
elp-55513	286	9	85	85	NUM
elp-55513	286	10	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	11	19	19	NUM
elp-55513	286	12	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	13	wayne	wayne	PROPN
elp-55513	286	14	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	15	r.	r.	PROPN
elp-55513	286	16	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	17	lafever	lafever	ADV
elp-55513	286	18	et	et	PROPN
elp-55513	286	19	al	al	PROPN
elp-55513	286	20	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	21	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	22	2001	2001	NUM
elp-55513	286	23	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	286	24	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	287	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	287	2	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	287	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	287	4	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	287	5	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	287	6	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	287	7	first	first	ADJ
elp-55513	287	8	book	book	NOUN
elp-55513	287	9	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	287	10	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	288	1	translated	translate	VERB
elp-55513	288	2	by	by	ADP
elp-55513	288	3	bian	bian	PROPN
elp-55513	288	4	jianlin	jianlin	PROPN
elp-55513	288	5	et	et	PROPN
elp-55513	288	6	al	al	PROPN
elp-55513	288	7	.	.	PROPN
elp-55513	289	1	beijing	beijing	PROPN
elp-55513	289	2	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	290	1	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	290	2	university	university	PROPN
elp-55513	290	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	290	4	political	political	ADJ
elp-55513	290	5	science	science	NOUN
elp-55513	290	6	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	290	7	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	290	8	press	press	PROPN
elp-55513	290	9	2001	2001	NUM
elp-55513	290	10	edition	edition	NOUN
elp-55513	290	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	291	1	xiong	xiong	PROPN
elp-55513	291	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	291	3	q.	q.	PROPN
elp-55513	291	4	h.	h.	PROPN
elp-55513	291	5	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	291	6	2014	2014	NUM
elp-55513	291	7	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	291	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	292	1	international	international	ADJ
elp-55513	292	2	standards	standard	NOUN
elp-55513	292	3	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	292	4	localized	localized	ADJ
elp-55513	292	5	thinking	thinking	NOUN
elp-55513	292	6	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	292	7	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	292	8	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	292	9	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	292	10	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
elp-55513	292	11	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	292	12	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	293	1	chinese	chinese	ADJ
elp-55513	293	2	journal	journal	PROPN
elp-55513	293	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	293	4	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	293	5	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	293	6	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	293	7	2014(06	2014(06	NUM
elp-55513	293	8	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	293	9	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	293	10	129	129	NUM
elp-55513	293	11	-	-	SYM
elp-55513	293	12	135	135	NUM
elp-55513	293	13	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	294	1	xu	xu	PROPN
elp-55513	294	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	294	3	j.	j.	PROPN
elp-55513	294	4	l.	l.	PROPN
elp-55513	294	5	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	294	6	2019	2019	NUM
elp-55513	294	7	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	294	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	295	1	legal	legal	ADJ
elp-55513	295	2	aid	aid	NOUN
elp-55513	295	3	duty	duty	NOUN
elp-55513	295	4	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
elp-55513	295	5	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	295	6	revisited	revisit	VERB
elp-55513	295	7	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	296	1	jiangxi	jiangxi	PROPN
elp-55513	296	2	social	social	PROPN
elp-55513	296	3	science	science	PROPN
elp-55513	296	4	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	296	5	39(09	39(09	NUM
elp-55513	296	6	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	296	7	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	296	8	194	194	NUM
elp-55513	296	9	-	-	SYM
elp-55513	296	10	201	201	NUM
elp-55513	296	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	297	1	yang	yang	PROPN
elp-55513	297	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	297	3	j.	j.	PROPN
elp-55513	297	4	g.	g.	PROPN
elp-55513	297	5	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	297	6	&	&	CCONJ
elp-55513	297	7	li	li	PROPN
elp-55513	297	8	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	297	9	y.	y.	PROPN
elp-55513	297	10	y.	y.	PROPN
elp-55513	297	11	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	297	12	2017	2017	NUM
elp-55513	297	13	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	297	14	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	298	1	the	the	DET
elp-55513	298	2	composition	composition	NOUN
elp-55513	298	3	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	298	4	application	application	NOUN
elp-55513	298	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	298	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	298	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	298	8	under	under	ADP
elp-55513	298	9	the	the	DET
elp-55513	298	10	view	view	NOUN
elp-55513	298	11	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	298	12	trial	trial	NOUN
elp-55513	298	13	center	center	NOUN
elp-55513	298	14	—	—	PUNCT
elp-55513	298	15	analyzing	analyze	VERB
elp-55513	298	16	the	the	DET
elp-55513	298	17	implications	implication	NOUN
elp-55513	298	18	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	298	19	nian	nian	ADJ
elp-55513	298	20	bin	bin	PROPN
elp-55513	298	21	’s	’s	PART
elp-55513	298	22	case	case	NOUN
elp-55513	298	23	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	298	24	defendants	defendant	NOUN
elp-55513	298	25	’	'	PUNCT
elp-55513	298	26	access	access	NOUN
elp-55513	298	27	to	to	ADP
elp-55513	298	28	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	298	29	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	298	30	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	298	31	journal	journal	PROPN
elp-55513	298	32	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	298	33	politics	politic	NOUN
elp-55513	298	34	and	and	CCONJ
elp-55513	298	35	law	law	NOUN
elp-55513	298	36	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	298	37	34(01	34(01	NUM
elp-55513	298	38	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	298	39	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	298	40	42	42	NUM
elp-55513	298	41	-	-	SYM
elp-55513	298	42	50	50	NUM
elp-55513	298	43	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	299	1	zhang	zhang	PROPN
elp-55513	299	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	299	3	w.	w.	PROPN
elp-55513	299	4	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	299	5	2020	2020	NUM
elp-55513	299	6	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	299	7	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	300	1	research	research	NOUN
elp-55513	300	2	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	300	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	300	4	construction	construction	NOUN
elp-55513	300	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	300	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	300	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	300	8	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	300	9	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	300	10	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	300	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	301	1	changjiang	changjiang	PROPN
elp-55513	301	2	university	university	PROPN
elp-55513	301	3	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	302	1	zhang	zhang	PROPN
elp-55513	302	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	302	3	w.	w.	PROPN
elp-55513	302	4	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	302	5	2020	2020	NUM
elp-55513	302	6	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	302	7	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	303	1	research	research	NOUN
elp-55513	303	2	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	303	3	the	the	DET
elp-55513	303	4	construction	construction	NOUN
elp-55513	303	5	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	303	6	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	303	7	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	303	8	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	303	9	in	in	ADP
elp-55513	303	10	china	china	PROPN
elp-55513	303	11	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	304	1	changjiang	changjiang	PROPN
elp-55513	304	2	university	university	PROPN
elp-55513	304	3	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	305	1	zhao	zhao	PROPN
elp-55513	305	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	305	3	x.	x.	PROPN
elp-55513	305	4	l.	l.	PROPN
elp-55513	305	5	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	305	6	2019	2019	NUM
elp-55513	305	7	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	305	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	306	1	research	research	NOUN
elp-55513	306	2	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	306	3	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	306	4	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	306	5	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	306	6	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	307	1	henan	henan	PROPN
elp-55513	307	2	university	university	PROPN
elp-55513	307	3	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	308	1	zhao	zhao	PROPN
elp-55513	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	308	3	x.	x.	PROPN
elp-55513	308	4	l.	l.	PROPN
elp-55513	308	5	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	308	6	2019	2019	NUM
elp-55513	308	7	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	308	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	309	1	research	research	NOUN
elp-55513	309	2	on	on	ADP
elp-55513	309	3	effective	effective	ADJ
elp-55513	309	4	defense	defense	NOUN
elp-55513	309	5	system	system	NOUN
elp-55513	309	6	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	310	1	henan	henan	PROPN
elp-55513	310	2	university	university	PROPN
elp-55513	310	3	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	311	1	zong	zong	PROPN
elp-55513	311	2	,	,	PUNCT
elp-55513	311	3	y.	y.	PROPN
elp-55513	311	4	k.	k.	PROPN
elp-55513	311	5	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	311	6	2013	2013	NUM
elp-55513	311	7	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	311	8	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	312	1	german	german	ADJ
elp-55513	312	2	code	code	NOUN
elp-55513	312	3	of	of	ADP
elp-55513	312	4	criminal	criminal	ADJ
elp-55513	312	5	procedure	procedure	NOUN
elp-55513	312	6	(	(	PUNCT
elp-55513	312	7	p.	p.	NOUN
elp-55513	312	8	239	239	NUM
elp-55513	312	9	)	)	PUNCT
elp-55513	312	10	.	.	PUNCT
elp-55513	313	1	beijing	beijing	PROPN
elp-55513	313	2	:	:	PUNCT
elp-55513	313	3	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
elp-55513	313	4	property	property	NOUN
elp-55513	313	5	press	press	NOUN
elp-55513	313	6	.	.	PUNCT