id sid eid entity type economy-4703 1 1 10 CARDINAL economy-4703 1 2 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 1 3 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-4703 2 1 10 CARDINAL economy-4703 2 2 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 2 3 10 CARDINAL economy-4703 2 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 2 5 2313 CARDINAL economy-4703 2 6 2518-0118 QUANTITY economy-4703 2 7 10.20448 CARDINAL economy-4703 2 8 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 2 9 asian online journal publishing group foreign exchange ORG economy-4703 2 10 nigeria udoh LOC economy-4703 2 11 francis sylvanus1 inim PERSON economy-4703 2 12 edet2 PERSON economy-4703 2 13 lynda3 PERSON economy-4703 2 14 1department CARDINAL economy-4703 2 15 nile university of nigeria ORG economy-4703 2 16 abuja, nigeria GPE economy-4703 3 1 2department PERSON economy-4703 3 2 nile university of nigeria ORG economy-4703 3 3 abuja, nigeria GPE economy-4703 4 1 3department CARDINAL economy-4703 4 2 nasarawa state university ORG economy-4703 4 3 keffi GPE economy-4703 4 4 nigeria GPE economy-4703 6 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 7 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 8 1 1986 DATE economy-4703 8 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-4703 8 3 ecm ORG economy-4703 8 4 nigeria GPE economy-4703 10 1 nigerian NORP economy-4703 11 1 nigerian NORP economy-4703 15 1 jel ORG economy-4703 15 2 b27 CARDINAL economy-4703 16 1 sylvanus LOC economy-4703 16 2 i. v., PERSON economy-4703 16 3 & lynda ORG economy-4703 16 4 i. d. PERSON economy-4703 16 5 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 17 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 18 1 10–18 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 2 10.20448 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 3 8 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 4 2022 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 5 15 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 6 22 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 7 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 8 30 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 9 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 10 4.0 CARDINAL economy-4703 18 11 asian NORP economy-4703 23 1 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 25 1 11 2 CARDINAL economy-4703 25 2 12 3 DATE economy-4703 26 1 13 4 DATE economy-4703 27 1 14 5 DATE economy-4703 28 1 17 6 DATE economy-4703 29 1 17 CARDINAL economy-4703 29 2 17 CARDINAL economy-4703 29 3 mailto:victor.inim@nileuniversity.edu.ng mailto:lityav@ymail.com PERSON economy-4703 29 4 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ TIME economy-4703 30 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 30 2 10-18 11 TIME economy-4703 30 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 30 4 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-4703 32 1 1986 DATE economy-4703 32 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-4703 34 1 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 34 2 today DATE economy-4703 35 1 many years DATE economy-4703 35 2 2002 DATE economy-4703 36 1 1974 DATE economy-4703 38 1 kristinek & anderson, ORG economy-4703 38 2 2002 DATE economy-4703 39 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 39 2 1960 DATE economy-4703 40 1 2018 DATE economy-4703 41 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 42 1 the civil war EVENT economy-4703 42 2 1967 DATE economy-4703 42 3 70 DATE economy-4703 42 4 2018 DATE economy-4703 43 1 1960 DATE economy-4703 43 2 1970 to 1979 DATE economy-4703 43 3 nigeria GPE economy-4703 44 1 the civil war EVENT economy-4703 44 2 2018 DATE economy-4703 45 1 umar PERSON economy-4703 45 2 2010 DATE economy-4703 45 3 between 1970 and 1974 DATE economy-4703 45 4 about 43 percent PERCENT economy-4703 45 5 7 percent PERCENT economy-4703 46 1 the mid 1970s DATE economy-4703 46 2 the mid 1980s DATE economy-4703 46 3 nigeria GPE economy-4703 46 4 17 percent PERCENT economy-4703 48 1 2010 DATE economy-4703 48 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 49 1 2017 CARDINAL economy-4703 49 2 1961 DATE economy-4703 49 3 nigeria GPE economy-4703 49 4 197,000 tonnes QUANTITY economy-4703 50 1 1970 DATE economy-4703 50 2 up to 304,000 tonnes QUANTITY economy-4703 50 3 153,000 tonnes QUANTITY economy-4703 50 4 1980 DATE economy-4703 51 1 485,000 tonnes QUANTITY economy-4703 51 2 2006 DATE economy-4703 51 3 248,000 tonnes QUANTITY economy-4703 51 4 2014 DATE economy-4703 52 1 58,000 tonnes QUANTITY economy-4703 52 2 1961 DATE economy-4703 52 3 147,000 CARDINAL economy-4703 52 4 1990 DATE economy-4703 52 5 2014 DATE economy-4703 52 6 151,000 tonnes QUANTITY economy-4703 52 7 2017 CARDINAL economy-4703 53 1 one CARDINAL economy-4703 54 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 54 2 2013 DATE economy-4703 55 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 55 2 1986 DATE economy-4703 56 1 nigerian NORP economy-4703 58 1 2013 DATE economy-4703 60 1 gerardo & felipe ORG economy-4703 60 2 2002 DATE economy-4703 61 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 62 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 64 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 65 1 2019 DATE economy-4703 65 2 1981 DATE economy-4703 65 3 2016 CARDINAL economy-4703 65 4 nigeria GPE economy-4703 66 1 akinbode PERSON economy-4703 66 2 2018 DATE economy-4703 66 3 nigeria GPE economy-4703 66 4 annual DATE economy-4703 66 5 1980-2015 DATE economy-4703 68 1 1986 DATE economy-4703 68 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-4703 70 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 71 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 71 2 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 71 3 10-18 12 PERCENT economy-4703 71 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 71 5 asian online journal publishing ORG economy-4703 71 6 nigeria GPE economy-4703 71 7 nigeria GPE economy-4703 72 1 nigeria LOC economy-4703 72 2 nigeria LOC economy-4703 72 3 nigeria 1.1 ORG economy-4703 74 1 2013 DATE economy-4703 75 1 adubi & okunmaadewa ORG economy-4703 75 2 2009 DATE economy-4703 76 1 1.2 CARDINAL economy-4703 78 1 2019 DATE economy-4703 79 1 1.3 CARDINAL economy-4703 79 2 taticchi ORG economy-4703 79 3 balachandran PERSON economy-4703 79 4 botarelli PERSON economy-4703 79 5 2008 DATE economy-4703 83 1 mid1980s GPE economy-4703 84 1 2008 DATE economy-4703 85 1 1.4 CARDINAL economy-4703 86 1 2021 CARDINAL economy-4703 86 2 turkish NORP economy-4703 86 3 annual DATE economy-4703 86 4 1980 DATE economy-4703 86 5 2020 DATE economy-4703 86 6 bayer ORG economy-4703 86 7 ecm ORG economy-4703 89 1 2019 DATE economy-4703 89 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 89 3 1981 DATE economy-4703 89 4 2016 DATE economy-4703 93 1 two CARDINAL economy-4703 94 1 annual DATE economy-4703 94 2 1980 DATE economy-4703 94 3 akinbode PERSON economy-4703 94 4 2018 DATE economy-4703 94 5 nigeria GPE economy-4703 98 1 2 CARDINAL economy-4703 98 2 2.1 CARDINAL economy-4703 99 1 clarks PERSON economy-4703 99 2 1973 DATE economy-4703 100 1 one CARDINAL economy-4703 100 2 one CARDINAL economy-4703 105 1 koren PERSON economy-4703 105 2 2003 DATE economy-4703 106 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 106 2 10-18 13 DATE economy-4703 106 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 106 4 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-4703 106 5 3 CARDINAL economy-4703 107 1 onodugo, & ibe ORG economy-4703 107 2 2013 DATE economy-4703 108 1 central bank of nigeria ORG economy-4703 108 2 cbn ORG economy-4703 108 3 nbs ORG economy-4703 108 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-4703 109 1 secondary ORDINAL economy-4703 110 1 1 or CARDINAL economy-4703 110 2 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 111 1 3.1 CARDINAL economy-4703 111 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 111 3 sa'idu ORG economy-4703 111 4 2013 DATE economy-4703 111 5 karimi PERSON economy-4703 111 6 2015 CARDINAL economy-4703 112 1 𝐴𝑉𝐢 = 𝑓(𝑅𝐹𝐸 ORG economy-4703 112 2 𝐼𝑁𝐹 ORG economy-4703 112 3 𝐼𝑁𝑇 ORG economy-4703 112 4 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 112 5 𝑓(𝑅𝐹𝐸 PERSON economy-4703 112 6 𝐼𝑁𝐹 ORG economy-4703 112 7 𝐼𝑁𝑇 ORG economy-4703 112 8 2 CARDINAL economy-4703 112 9 𝑓(𝑅𝐹𝐸 PERSON economy-4703 112 10 𝐼𝑁𝐹 ORG economy-4703 112 11 𝐼𝑁𝑇 ORG economy-4703 112 12 3 CARDINAL economy-4703 112 13 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 112 14 2 CARDINAL economy-4703 112 15 3 CARDINAL economy-4703 113 1 avc ORG economy-4703 116 1 rfe PERSON economy-4703 120 1 π›₯𝐴𝑉𝐢𝑑 CARDINAL economy-4703 122 1 4 CARDINAL economy-4703 123 1 𝑗=0 ORG economy-4703 125 1 5 CARDINAL economy-4703 125 2 π›₯π‘…πΉπΈπ‘‘βˆ’π‘— + βˆ‘ QUANTITY economy-4703 126 1 6 CARDINAL economy-4703 126 2 1 4 CARDINAL economy-4703 128 1 1 4 QUANTITY economy-4703 131 1 first ORDINAL economy-4703 132 1 0 DATE economy-4703 135 1 2016 CARDINAL economy-4703 135 2 π›₯𝐴𝑉𝐢𝑑 CARDINAL economy-4703 139 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 139 2 10-18 14 DATE economy-4703 139 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 139 4 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-4703 141 1 9 CARDINAL economy-4703 141 2 4 CARDINAL economy-4703 142 1 4 CARDINAL economy-4703 142 2 4.1 CARDINAL economy-4703 145 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 146 1 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 147 1 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 147 2 0 CARDINAL economy-4703 148 1 adf test statistics adf ORG economy-4703 148 2 avc -6.978246 -4.309824 ORG economy-4703 149 1 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 150 1 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 151 1 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 152 1 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 153 1 rfe -3.477945 -3.204699 PERSON economy-4703 155 1 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 155 2 four CARDINAL economy-4703 155 3 avc ORG economy-4703 155 4 two CARDINAL economy-4703 156 1 first ORDINAL economy-4703 156 2 -3.508251 ORG economy-4703 157 1 1% PERCENT economy-4703 157 2 3.207094 CARDINAL economy-4703 157 3 10% PERCENT economy-4703 157 4 1% PERCENT economy-4703 157 5 5% PERCENT economy-4703 158 1 4.2 CARDINAL economy-4703 161 1 2 CARDINAL economy-4703 161 2 three CARDINAL economy-4703 161 3 aic ORG economy-4703 162 1 2 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 1 avc ORG economy-4703 163 2 3.642942 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 3 5% PERCENT economy-4703 163 4 2.39 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 5 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 6 3.38 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 7 3.793283 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 8 10% PERCENT economy-4703 163 9 2.39 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 10 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 11 3.38 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 12 15.31406 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 13 5% PERCENT economy-4703 163 14 2.39 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 15 1 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 16 3.38 CARDINAL economy-4703 163 17 5% PERCENT economy-4703 164 1 avc ORG economy-4703 164 2 2 CARDINAL economy-4703 165 1 3.642942 CARDINAL economy-4703 165 2 5% PERCENT economy-4703 165 3 2.39 CARDINAL economy-4703 165 4 3.38 CARDINAL economy-4703 166 1 3.793283 CARDINAL economy-4703 166 2 2.39 CARDINAL economy-4703 166 3 3.38 CARDINAL economy-4703 166 4 5% PERCENT economy-4703 167 1 15.31406 CARDINAL economy-4703 168 1 2.39 CARDINAL economy-4703 168 2 3.38 CARDINAL economy-4703 168 3 5% PERCENT economy-4703 169 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 170 1 4.3 CARDINAL economy-4703 170 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 172 1 3 CARDINAL economy-4703 172 2 4 DATE economy-4703 172 3 5 CARDINAL economy-4703 172 4 one CARDINAL economy-4703 172 5 nigeria GPE economy-4703 173 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 173 2 10-18 15 TIME economy-4703 173 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 173 4 asian online journal publishing ORG economy-4703 175 1 1 percent PERCENT economy-4703 177 1 3 CARDINAL economy-4703 178 1 d(avc ORG economy-4703 181 1 0.0123 CARDINAL economy-4703 181 2 9.164678 CARDINAL economy-4703 181 3 0.0016 MONEY economy-4703 181 4 1.094113 -0.90363 MONEY economy-4703 182 1 4.472565 CARDINAL economy-4703 182 2 9.212627 CARDINAL economy-4703 182 3 2.45619 CARDINAL economy-4703 182 4 0.0047 d(inf(-2 QUANTITY economy-4703 183 1 7.366478 2.241361 MONEY economy-4703 183 2 3.202153 CARDINAL economy-4703 183 3 0.0066 CARDINAL economy-4703 183 4 21.32017 CARDINAL economy-4703 184 1 21.43774 CARDINAL economy-4703 185 1 3.505539 6.115392 0.0017 QUANTITY economy-4703 186 1 0.087799 CARDINAL economy-4703 187 1 0.0014 CARDINAL economy-4703 187 2 0.841708 CARDINAL economy-4703 187 3 0.85 CARDINAL economy-4703 187 4 0.611466 s.d. GPE economy-4703 188 1 2.836829 CARDINAL economy-4703 188 2 9.768266 CARDINAL economy-4703 188 3 0.00002 CARDINAL economy-4703 188 4 4.257852 CARDINAL economy-4703 188 5 durbin-watson ORG economy-4703 188 6 2.007263 CARDINAL economy-4703 188 7 5.066691 CARDINAL economy-4703 188 8 0.1 CARDINAL economy-4703 190 1 84.17% PERCENT economy-4703 190 2 avc ORG economy-4703 190 3 rfe GPE economy-4703 190 4 15.83% PERCENT economy-4703 192 1 9.76 CARDINAL economy-4703 192 2 0.000002 CARDINAL economy-4703 192 3 5% PERCENT economy-4703 193 1 durbin watson PERSON economy-4703 193 2 dw ORG economy-4703 193 3 2.00 CARDINAL economy-4703 195 1 two CARDINAL economy-4703 195 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 196 1 4 CARDINAL economy-4703 197 1 d(agcu PERSON economy-4703 198 1 d(agcu(-1 PERSON economy-4703 200 1 0.0013 d(rfe GPE economy-4703 200 2 0.8718 CARDINAL economy-4703 201 1 0.002052 CARDINAL economy-4703 201 2 0.000488 MONEY economy-4703 202 1 0.000517 CARDINAL economy-4703 203 1 0.0018 CARDINAL economy-4703 204 1 0.00344 CARDINAL economy-4703 205 1 0.003392 CARDINAL economy-4703 206 1 0.000742 MONEY economy-4703 206 2 85.12271 CARDINAL economy-4703 206 3 4.747215 0.0015 d(int(-1 QUANTITY economy-4703 206 4 45.25082 CARDINAL economy-4703 207 1 37.72435 CARDINAL economy-4703 207 2 12.42301 CARDINAL economy-4703 207 3 3.03665 0.0161 PRODUCT economy-4703 208 1 30.40713 CARDINAL economy-4703 208 2 10.16939 CARDINAL economy-4703 208 3 0.056976 CARDINAL economy-4703 208 4 0.0001 CARDINAL economy-4703 208 5 0.930433 CARDINAL economy-4703 209 1 0.845958 CARDINAL economy-4703 210 1 4.213092 CARDINAL economy-4703 210 2 8.2556 CARDINAL economy-4703 210 3 4.142062 CARDINAL economy-4703 210 4 durbin-watson ORG economy-4703 210 5 2.22199 CARDINAL economy-4703 210 6 4.966539 CARDINAL economy-4703 210 7 5% PERCENT economy-4703 211 1 ecm ORG economy-4703 212 1 ecm ORG economy-4703 212 2 38.83% PERCENT economy-4703 212 3 the following year DATE economy-4703 212 4 38.83% PERCENT economy-4703 215 1 93.04 percent PERCENT economy-4703 215 2 rfe GPE economy-4703 215 3 6.96% PERCENT economy-4703 217 1 8.25 CARDINAL economy-4703 217 2 5% PERCENT economy-4703 218 1 the durbin watson ORG economy-4703 218 2 dw ORG economy-4703 218 3 2.22 CARDINAL economy-4703 218 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 218 5 10 CARDINAL economy-4703 218 6 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 218 7 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-4703 218 8 1.5 CARDINAL economy-4703 220 1 three CARDINAL economy-4703 220 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 221 1 5% PERCENT economy-4703 222 1 34.68% PERCENT economy-4703 224 1 rfe GPE economy-4703 224 2 98.53 percent PERCENT economy-4703 224 3 1.47 percent PERCENT economy-4703 225 1 5% PERCENT economy-4703 225 2 10.233 CARDINAL economy-4703 225 3 0.000 CARDINAL economy-4703 226 1 the durbin watson ORG economy-4703 226 2 dw ORG economy-4703 226 3 2.29 CARDINAL economy-4703 228 1 5 CARDINAL economy-4703 230 1 d(agva(-1 PERSON economy-4703 234 1 0.20328 -12.97 0.001 d(ref MONEY economy-4703 234 2 29.08825 CARDINAL economy-4703 235 1 0.0006 CARDINAL economy-4703 236 1 1.243886 CARDINAL economy-4703 237 1 12.38867 CARDINAL economy-4703 237 2 0.987773 MONEY economy-4703 237 3 0.0011 d(inf QUANTITY economy-4703 237 4 27.31271 CARDINAL economy-4703 238 1 2.244818 ORG economy-4703 238 2 0.0012 CARDINAL economy-4703 239 1 3.057898 CARDINAL economy-4703 239 2 0.0025 d(inf(-2 QUANTITY economy-4703 240 1 2.359674 CARDINAL economy-4703 241 1 2.767935 -16.242 MONEY economy-4703 241 2 0.0005 d(int QUANTITY economy-4703 242 1 9.28747 2.710911 MONEY economy-4703 242 2 34.74633 CARDINAL economy-4703 243 1 2.701423 MONEY economy-4703 245 1 3.766716 CARDINAL economy-4703 245 2 0.0013 CARDINAL economy-4703 245 3 0.019339 CARDINAL economy-4703 245 4 0.0004 CARDINAL economy-4703 245 5 0.985399 CARDINAL economy-4703 245 6 0.125625 CARDINAL economy-4703 245 7 0.949709 s.d MONEY economy-4703 247 1 5.336756 CARDINAL economy-4703 247 2 10.233 CARDINAL economy-4703 247 3 3.366169 CARDINAL economy-4703 247 4 durbin-watson ORG economy-4703 247 5 2.29617 CARDINAL economy-4703 247 6 4.419666 CARDINAL economy-4703 247 7 4.4 MONEY economy-4703 248 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 249 1 6 CARDINAL economy-4703 250 1 wald test ORG economy-4703 250 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 251 1 1.280560 CARDINAL economy-4703 251 2 9 CARDINAL economy-4703 251 3 0.4122 CARDINAL economy-4703 251 4 11.52504 CARDINAL economy-4703 251 5 6 CARDINAL economy-4703 251 6 nigeria GPE economy-4703 251 7 1.280560 CARDINAL economy-4703 251 8 0.4122 CARDINAL economy-4703 252 1 5% PERCENT economy-4703 253 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 254 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 255 1 7 CARDINAL economy-4703 256 1 wald ORG economy-4703 256 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 257 1 12.25883 CARDINAL economy-4703 257 2 7 CARDINAL economy-4703 257 3 5 DATE economy-4703 257 4 0.00255 chi-square PERCENT economy-4703 257 5 14.25369 CARDINAL economy-4703 257 6 7 CARDINAL economy-4703 257 7 nigeria GPE economy-4703 257 8 12.25883 CARDINAL economy-4703 257 9 0.0025 CARDINAL economy-4703 258 1 less than 0.05 CARDINAL economy-4703 258 2 5% PERCENT economy-4703 258 3 2 CARDINAL economy-4703 259 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 260 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 261 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 261 2 10-18 17 TIME economy-4703 261 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 261 4 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-4703 261 5 8 CARDINAL economy-4703 261 6 nigeria GPE economy-4703 261 7 7.160760 CARDINAL economy-4703 261 8 0.0657 CARDINAL economy-4703 262 1 0.05 CARDINAL economy-4703 262 2 5percent CARDINAL economy-4703 262 3 third ORDINAL economy-4703 263 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 264 1 8 CARDINAL economy-4703 265 1 wald test ORG economy-4703 265 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 266 1 7.160760 CARDINAL economy-4703 266 2 8 CARDINAL economy-4703 266 3 0.0657 chi-square PERSON economy-4703 266 4 nigeria GPE economy-4703 267 1 akinbode PERSON economy-4703 267 2 2018 DATE economy-4703 270 1 2014 DATE economy-4703 270 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 271 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 272 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 274 1 2021 CARDINAL economy-4703 275 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 276 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 277 1 vincent PERSON economy-4703 277 2 emmanuel PERSON economy-4703 277 3 etim ORG economy-4703 277 4 2012 DATE economy-4703 278 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 279 1 1973 DATE economy-4703 280 1 6 CARDINAL economy-4703 280 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 281 1 5% PERCENT economy-4703 282 1 second ORDINAL economy-4703 282 2 nigeria GPE economy-4703 283 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 284 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 286 1 nigerian NORP economy-4703 287 1 nigerian NORP economy-4703 291 1 e. o. PERSON economy-4703 291 2 n. c. PERSON economy-4703 291 3 b. n., & umar PERSON economy-4703 291 4 h. y. PERSON economy-4703 291 5 2010 DATE economy-4703 293 1 181 CARDINAL economy-4703 294 1 adekunle PERSON economy-4703 294 2 w. PERSON economy-4703 294 3 k. a. PERSON economy-4703 294 4 t. h., & ndukwe ORG economy-4703 294 5 c. i. PERSON economy-4703 294 6 2019 DATE economy-4703 295 1 1981 DATE economy-4703 295 2 2016 CARDINAL economy-4703 296 1 jos journal of economics ORG economy-4703 296 2 8(3 DATE economy-4703 296 3 104 CARDINAL economy-4703 297 1 a. a. PERSON economy-4703 297 2 f. PERSON economy-4703 297 3 2009 DATE economy-4703 298 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 299 1 87 DATE economy-4703 299 2 african NORP economy-4703 299 3 nairobi GPE economy-4703 299 4 kenya GPE economy-4703 300 1 akinbode PERSON economy-4703 300 2 s. o., & ojo ORG economy-4703 300 3 2018 DATE economy-4703 301 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 302 1 nigerian journal of agricultural economics ORG economy-4703 302 2 8(1 CARDINAL economy-4703 302 3 1119 DATE economy-4703 303 1 w. u. PERSON economy-4703 303 2 d., & okanya ORG economy-4703 303 3 2013 DATE economy-4703 304 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 305 1 american journal of business and management ORG economy-4703 305 2 2(3 CARDINAL economy-4703 305 3 204 CARDINAL economy-4703 306 1 s., vincent ORG economy-4703 306 2 i. PERSON economy-4703 306 3 emmanuel, g., & etim PERSON economy-4703 306 4 2012 DATE economy-4703 307 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 308 1 international journal of economics ORG economy-4703 308 2 4(8 CARDINAL economy-4703 308 3 114 CARDINAL economy-4703 309 1 clarks GPE economy-4703 309 2 j. b. PERSON economy-4703 309 3 1973 DATE economy-4703 310 1 america GPE economy-4703 311 1 the american economic review ORG economy-4703 311 2 75(6 CARDINAL economy-4703 311 3 28 CARDINAL economy-4703 312 1 2017 CARDINAL economy-4703 315 1 2018 DATE economy-4703 316 1 federal ministry of agriculture ORG economy-4703 318 1 e., & felipe ORG economy-4703 318 2 l. b. PERSON economy-4703 318 3 2002 DATE economy-4703 319 1 g-3 exchange ORG economy-4703 320 1 16 CARDINAL economy-4703 320 2 united nations ORG economy-4703 320 3 harvard university ORG economy-4703 321 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 321 2 10 CARDINAL economy-4703 321 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-4703 321 4 asian online journal publishing ORG economy-4703 321 5 karimi ORG economy-4703 321 6 s. m. PERSON economy-4703 321 7 2015 DATE economy-4703 323 1 the journal of business and economics studies ORG economy-4703 323 2 21(1/2 CARDINAL economy-4703 323 3 14 CARDINAL economy-4703 324 1 koren ORG economy-4703 324 2 m., & szeidl, a. ORG economy-4703 324 3 2003 DATE economy-4703 326 1 harvard university ORG economy-4703 327 1 kristinek PERSON economy-4703 327 2 j. j., & anderson PERSON economy-4703 327 3 d. p. PERSON economy-4703 327 4 2002 DATE economy-4703 329 1 texas GPE economy-4703 330 1 menike ORG economy-4703 330 2 k. s. PERSON economy-4703 330 3 2016 DATE economy-4703 332 1 12(2 DATE economy-4703 332 2 435 CARDINAL economy-4703 333 1 2014 DATE economy-4703 334 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 335 1 journal of social science ORG economy-4703 335 2 53-62 DATE economy-4703 336 1 j. u. j. PERSON economy-4703 336 2 i. g. PERSON economy-4703 336 3 2013 DATE economy-4703 337 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 338 1 global journal of management and business research ORG economy-4703 338 2 13(5 CARDINAL economy-4703 338 3 1-9 CARDINAL economy-4703 339 1 schuh PERSON economy-4703 339 2 g. e. ( PERSON economy-4703 339 3 1974 DATE economy-4703 341 1 american journal of agricultural economics ORG economy-4703 341 2 56(1 CARDINAL economy-4703 341 3 1-13 DATE economy-4703 342 1 u. a. PERSON economy-4703 342 2 usman GPE economy-4703 342 3 m. a. PERSON economy-4703 342 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-4703 343 1 turkish NORP economy-4703 344 1 14(11 CARDINAL economy-4703 344 2 119 CARDINAL economy-4703 344 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14110528 CARDINAL economy-4703 344 4 2013 DATE economy-4703 345 1 nigeria GPE economy-4703 346 1 department of economics faculty of management ORG economy-4703 346 2 social sciences caritas university ORG economy-4703 347 1 taticchi ORG economy-4703 347 2 balachandran PERSON economy-4703 347 3 k. r. PERSON economy-4703 347 4 botarelli GPE economy-4703 347 5 m., & cagnazzo ORG economy-4703 347 6 l. GPE economy-4703 347 7 2008 DATE economy-4703 349 1 6(2 CARDINAL economy-4703 349 2 57 CARDINAL economy-4703 349 3 umaru, a. ORG economy-4703 349 4 sa'idu ORG economy-4703 349 5 b. m. PERSON economy-4703 349 6 s. PERSON economy-4703 349 7 2013 DATE economy-4703 351 1 4(1 CARDINAL economy-4703 351 2 42 CARDINAL economy-4703 352 1 asian NORP economy-4703 352 2 journal publishing group ORG economy-4703 354 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14110528 LAW