id sid eid entity type economy-5274 1 1 39 CARDINAL economy-5274 1 2 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 1 3 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-5274 2 1 10 CARDINAL economy-5274 2 2 1 CARDINAL economy-5274 2 3 39 CARDINAL economy-5274 2 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 2 5 2313 CARDINAL economy-5274 2 6 2518-0118 QUANTITY economy-5274 2 7 10.20448 CARDINAL economy-5274 2 8 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 2 9 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-5274 2 10 nigeria GPE economy-5274 3 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 3 2 fortunatus2 GPE economy-5274 4 1 nwamuo4 GPE economy-5274 4 2 promise5 PERSON economy-5274 5 1 1,2,4,5department CARDINAL economy-5274 5 2 rhema university nigeria ORG economy-5274 5 3 aba GPE economy-5274 5 4 abia state GPE economy-5274 5 5 nigeria GPE economy-5274 6 1 1email DATE economy-5274 7 1 2email CARDINAL economy-5274 7 2 4email CARDINAL economy-5274 9 1 3department CARDINAL economy-5274 9 2 nigerian army university ORG economy-5274 9 3 biu ORG economy-5274 9 4 borno state GPE economy-5274 9 5 nigeria GPE economy-5274 10 1 3email CARDINAL economy-5274 11 1 6ado CARDINAL economy-5274 11 2 nigeria GPE economy-5274 12 1 6email CARDINAL economy-5274 13 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 14 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 15 1 1981 DATE economy-5274 15 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 16 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 18 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 20 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 21 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 24 1 one CARDINAL economy-5274 25 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 26 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 27 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 28 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 29 1 jel classification ORG economy-5274 29 2 c22 ORG economy-5274 30 1 duru ORG economy-5274 30 2 i. u. PERSON economy-5274 30 3 o. c. PERSON economy-5274 30 4 i. GPE economy-5274 30 5 nwamuo GPE economy-5274 30 6 o. t. PERSON economy-5274 30 7 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 31 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 32 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 33 1 39–49 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 1 10.20448 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 2 10 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 4 5 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 5 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 6 20 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 7 29 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 8 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 9 4.0 CARDINAL economy-5274 34 10 asian NORP economy-5274 43 1 mailto:uzksboy@gmail.com mailto:danjumaiyaji@gmail.com PERSON economy-5274 44 1 https://www.doi.org/10.20448/economy.v10i1.5274 PERSON economy-5274 45 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 45 2 39 CARDINAL economy-5274 45 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 45 4 asian online journal publishing ORG economy-5274 45 5 1 CARDINAL economy-5274 47 1 40 2 CARDINAL economy-5274 48 1 41 3 CARDINAL economy-5274 49 1 44 4 DATE economy-5274 50 1 45 5 DATE economy-5274 51 1 47 CARDINAL economy-5274 52 1 47 CARDINAL economy-5274 52 2 nigeria GPE economy-5274 52 3 1981 DATE economy-5274 52 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 54 1 1 CARDINAL economy-5274 56 1 rother PERSON economy-5274 56 2 2011 DATE economy-5274 58 1 2013 DATE economy-5274 58 2 two CARDINAL economy-5274 58 3 zambia GPE economy-5274 61 1 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 63 1 2008–09 CARDINAL economy-5274 63 2 sabina PERSON economy-5274 63 3 2018 DATE economy-5274 64 1 the european commission ORG economy-5274 64 2 2017 CARDINAL economy-5274 64 3 2008–2009 CARDINAL economy-5274 64 4 european NORP economy-5274 65 1 2014 DATE economy-5274 66 1 2014 DATE economy-5274 66 2 2008 DATE economy-5274 67 1 2019 DATE economy-5274 67 2 2008 DATE economy-5274 68 1 murillo ORG economy-5274 68 2 hernandez PERSON economy-5274 68 3 2019 DATE economy-5274 68 4 2008 DATE economy-5274 69 1 reinhart PERSON economy-5274 69 2 2010a DATE economy-5274 69 3 reinhart PERSON economy-5274 69 4 2010b DATE economy-5274 69 5 reinhart PERSON economy-5274 69 6 2011 DATE economy-5274 69 7 reinhart ORG economy-5274 69 8 reinhart ORG economy-5274 69 9 2012 DATE economy-5274 71 1 reinhart PERSON economy-5274 71 2 2010a DATE economy-5274 72 1 reinhart FAC economy-5274 72 2 90% PERCENT economy-5274 73 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 73 2 nigeria GPE economy-5274 75 1 nigerian NORP economy-5274 76 1 abbas & christensen ORG economy-5274 76 2 2010 DATE economy-5274 76 3 ahlborn & schweickert ORG economy-5274 76 4 2016 DATE economy-5274 76 5 akram ORG economy-5274 76 6 2015 DATE economy-5274 76 7 2016 DATE economy-5274 76 8 al kharusi & ada ORG economy-5274 76 9 2018 DATE economy-5274 76 10 clements, bhattacharya, & nguyen ORG economy-5274 76 11 2003 DATE economy-5274 76 12 2015 DATE economy-5274 76 13 gomez-puig & sosvilla-rivero ORG economy-5274 76 14 2018 DATE economy-5274 76 15 hansen, 2002 ORG economy-5274 76 16 huang PERSON economy-5274 76 17 & varghese ORG economy-5274 76 18 2018 DATE economy-5274 76 19 kumar & woo ORG economy-5274 76 20 2010 DATE economy-5274 76 21 mhlaba & phiri ORG economy-5274 76 22 2019 DATE economy-5274 76 23 panizza & presbitero ORG economy-5274 76 24 2014 DATE economy-5274 76 25 reinhart & rogoff ORG economy-5274 76 26 2010a DATE economy-5274 76 27 reinhart & rogoff ORG economy-5274 76 28 2010b DATE economy-5274 76 29 1989 DATE economy-5274 76 30 schclarek ORG economy-5274 76 31 2004 DATE economy-5274 76 32 serieux & yiagadeesen ORG economy-5274 76 33 2001 DATE economy-5274 76 34 2013 DATE economy-5274 76 35 weeks DATE economy-5274 76 36 2000 DATE economy-5274 76 37 woo & kumar ORG economy-5274 76 38 2015 DATE economy-5274 76 39 two CARDINAL economy-5274 77 1 first ORDINAL economy-5274 77 2 abbas & christensen ORG economy-5274 77 3 2010 DATE economy-5274 77 4 adams & bevan ORG economy-5274 77 5 2005 DATE economy-5274 77 6 bua ORG economy-5274 77 7 pradelli, & presbitero ORG economy-5274 77 8 2014 DATE economy-5274 77 9 gomez-puig & ORG economy-5274 77 10 2018 DATE economy-5274 77 11 greiner ORG economy-5274 77 12 2011 DATE economy-5274 77 13 owusu-nantwi & erickson ORG economy-5274 77 14 2016 DATE economy-5274 77 15 sanchez-juarez & garcia-almada ORG economy-5274 77 16 2016 DATE economy-5274 77 17 spilioti & vamvoukas ORG economy-5274 77 18 2015 DATE economy-5274 78 1 second ORDINAL economy-5274 78 2 adams & bevan ORG economy-5274 78 3 2005 DATE economy-5274 78 4 akram ORG economy-5274 78 5 2015 DATE economy-5274 78 6 2016 DATE economy-5274 78 7 hansen, 2001 ORG economy-5274 78 8 2011 DATE economy-5274 78 9 kourtellos ORG economy-5274 78 10 2013 DATE economy-5274 78 11 panizza & presbitero ORG economy-5274 78 12 2012 DATE economy-5274 78 13 pattillo ORG economy-5274 78 14 2002 DATE economy-5274 78 15 schclarek ORG economy-5274 78 16 2004 DATE economy-5274 78 17 tchereni ORG economy-5274 78 18 sekhamptu, & ndovi ORG economy-5274 78 19 2013 DATE economy-5274 79 1 baum ORG economy-5274 79 2 checherita-westphal PERSON economy-5274 79 3 2013 DATE economy-5274 79 4 checherita-westphal & rother ORG economy-5274 79 5 2010, DATE economy-5274 79 6 2011 DATE economy-5274 79 7 eberhardt & presbitero ORG economy-5274 79 8 2015 DATE economy-5274 79 9 minea & parent ORG economy-5274 79 10 2012 DATE economy-5274 79 11 mupunga & le ORG economy-5274 79 12 2015 DATE economy-5274 79 13 pattillo et al. ORG economy-5274 79 14 2002 DATE economy-5274 79 15 sandri, & simon ORG economy-5274 79 16 2014 DATE economy-5274 79 17 reinhart & rogoff ORG economy-5274 79 18 2010a DATE economy-5274 80 1 early years DATE economy-5274 82 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 82 2 39 CARDINAL economy-5274 82 3 49 41 CARDINAL economy-5274 82 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 82 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-5274 82 6 1993 DATE economy-5274 82 7 donayre & taivan ORG economy-5274 82 8 2017 CARDINAL economy-5274 82 9 gomez-puig & sosvilla-rivero ORG economy-5274 82 10 2015 DATE economy-5274 82 11 kobayashi ORG economy-5274 82 12 2015 DATE economy-5274 82 13 woo & kumar ORG economy-5274 82 14 2015 DATE economy-5274 82 15 2010 DATE economy-5274 82 16 amoateng & amoako-adu ORG economy-5274 82 17 1996 DATE economy-5274 82 18 donayre & taivan ORG economy-5274 82 19 2017 CARDINAL economy-5274 82 20 eberhardt & presbitero ORG economy-5274 82 21 2015 DATE economy-5274 82 22 ferreira GPE economy-5274 82 23 2009 DATE economy-5274 82 24 owusu-nantwi & erickson ORG economy-5274 82 25 2016 DATE economy-5274 83 1 2017 CARDINAL economy-5274 83 2 gomez-puig & sosvilla-rivero ORG economy-5274 83 3 2015 DATE economy-5274 83 4 2011 DATE economy-5274 83 5 panizza & presbitero ORG economy-5274 83 6 2014 DATE economy-5274 83 7 reinhart & rogoff ORG economy-5274 83 8 2010a DATE economy-5274 84 1 2005 DATE economy-5274 84 2 paris GPE economy-5274 84 3 nigeria GPE economy-5274 85 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 86 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 87 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 88 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 89 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 90 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 90 2 nigeria GPE economy-5274 91 1 section 2 LAW economy-5274 92 1 section 3 LAW economy-5274 93 1 section four LAW economy-5274 94 1 section 5 DATE economy-5274 94 2 2 CARDINAL economy-5274 94 3 2.1 CARDINAL economy-5274 96 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 98 1 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 99 1 zimbabwe GPE economy-5274 99 2 mavhinga GPE economy-5274 99 3 2015 DATE economy-5274 99 4 1980 DATE economy-5274 99 5 2013 DATE economy-5274 100 1 zimbabwe GPE economy-5274 103 1 zimbabwe GPE economy-5274 104 1 wangmo PERSON economy-5274 104 2 2018 DATE economy-5274 104 3 bhutan GPE economy-5274 104 4 1990 DATE economy-5274 104 5 2016 CARDINAL economy-5274 108 1 bhutan GPE economy-5274 108 2 2012 DATE economy-5274 109 1 iitula PERSON economy-5274 109 2 2018 DATE economy-5274 109 3 namibia GPE economy-5274 109 4 2003 DATE economy-5274 109 5 2016 CARDINAL economy-5274 109 6 quarterly DATE economy-5274 110 1 toda-yamamoto granger causality PERSON economy-5274 115 1 17 CARDINAL economy-5274 115 2 oecd ORG economy-5274 115 3 sabina PERSON economy-5274 115 4 2018 DATE economy-5274 115 5 1970 to 2014 DATE economy-5274 116 1 1996 DATE economy-5274 116 2 hansen PERSON economy-5274 116 3 1999 DATE economy-5274 117 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 118 1 ecm ORG economy-5274 118 2 2019 DATE economy-5274 118 3 tanzania GPE economy-5274 118 4 1990 DATE economy-5274 118 5 2017 CARDINAL economy-5274 123 1 hassan PERSON economy-5274 123 2 meyer ORG economy-5274 123 3 2019 DATE economy-5274 123 4 african NORP economy-5274 125 1 sadc ORG economy-5274 125 2 57% PERCENT economy-5274 126 1 latin america LOC economy-5274 126 2 leon et al PERSON economy-5274 127 1 2019 DATE economy-5274 128 1 75% PERCENT economy-5274 129 1 35% PERCENT economy-5274 133 1 2019 DATE economy-5274 133 2 tajikistan GPE economy-5274 138 1 2020 DATE economy-5274 138 2 kenya GPE economy-5274 139 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 139 2 39 CARDINAL economy-5274 139 3 49 42 CARDINAL economy-5274 139 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 139 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-5274 141 1 kenya GPE economy-5274 142 1 kenya GPE economy-5274 143 1 1970-2017 DATE economy-5274 143 2 2020 DATE economy-5274 143 3 south africa GPE economy-5274 143 4 zambia GPE economy-5274 143 5 zimbabwe GPE economy-5274 144 1 zambia GPE economy-5274 145 1 south africa GPE economy-5274 145 2 zimbabwe GPE economy-5274 146 1 zambia GPE economy-5274 146 2 zimbabwe GPE economy-5274 147 1 south africa GPE economy-5274 148 1 zambia GPE economy-5274 149 1 south africa GPE economy-5274 149 2 zimbabwe GPE economy-5274 152 1 nwanedo PERSON economy-5274 152 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 152 3 granger PERSON economy-5274 152 4 nigeria GPE economy-5274 152 5 1981 DATE economy-5274 152 6 2019 DATE economy-5274 156 1 granger PERSON economy-5274 157 1 18 CARDINAL economy-5274 157 2 african NORP economy-5274 157 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 157 4 2005 DATE economy-5274 157 5 2018 DATE economy-5274 157 6 two CARDINAL economy-5274 157 7 two CARDINAL economy-5274 158 1 african NORP economy-5274 158 2 ssa ORG economy-5274 162 1 mosikari PERSON economy-5274 162 2 eita PERSON economy-5274 162 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 162 4 namibia GPE economy-5274 167 1 14 CARDINAL economy-5274 167 2 european NORP economy-5274 167 3 austria GPE economy-5274 167 4 belgium GPE economy-5274 167 5 denmark GPE economy-5274 167 6 finland GPE economy-5274 167 7 france GPE economy-5274 167 8 germany GPE economy-5274 167 9 greece GPE economy-5274 167 10 italy GPE economy-5274 167 11 luxembourg GPE economy-5274 167 12 norway GPE economy-5274 167 13 portugal GPE economy-5274 167 14 spain GPE economy-5274 167 15 sweden GPE economy-5274 167 16 turkey GPE economy-5274 167 17 erdogan PERSON economy-5274 167 18 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 167 19 1980 DATE economy-5274 167 20 2017 CARDINAL economy-5274 168 1 denmark GPE economy-5274 168 2 norway GPE economy-5274 169 1 sweden GPE economy-5274 170 1 1980 DATE economy-5274 170 2 2022 CARDINAL economy-5274 170 3 duru ORG economy-5274 170 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 170 5 nigeria GPE economy-5274 176 1 aero & ogundipe ORG economy-5274 176 2 2016 CARDINAL economy-5274 176 3 eze & ogiji ORG economy-5274 176 4 2016 DATE economy-5274 176 5 lwanga & mawejje, ORG economy-5274 176 6 2014 DATE economy-5274 176 7 njoroge GPE economy-5274 176 8 2020 DATE economy-5274 176 9 renjith & shanmugam ORG economy-5274 176 10 2018 DATE economy-5274 177 1 2012 DATE economy-5274 178 1 emmanuel PERSON economy-5274 178 2 nwanedo PERSON economy-5274 178 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 178 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 178 5 nigeria GPE economy-5274 179 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 180 1 alves ORG economy-5274 180 2 2014 DATE economy-5274 180 3 2019 DATE economy-5274 180 4 2014 DATE economy-5274 180 5 chongo ORG economy-5274 180 6 2013 DATE economy-5274 180 7 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 180 8 leon et al. PERSON economy-5274 180 9 2019 DATE economy-5274 180 10 mosikari & eita ORG economy-5274 180 11 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 180 12 2020 DATE economy-5274 180 13 2020 DATE economy-5274 180 14 2022 CARDINAL economy-5274 180 15 yildirim & erdogan ORG economy-5274 180 16 2021 DATE economy-5274 181 1 akomolafe et al PERSON economy-5274 182 1 2015 DATE economy-5274 182 2 nigeria GPE economy-5274 184 1 2012 DATE economy-5274 184 2 nwanedo PERSON economy-5274 184 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 185 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 186 1 2012 DATE economy-5274 186 2 1970 to 2010 DATE economy-5274 186 3 nigeria GPE economy-5274 191 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 191 2 1980 DATE economy-5274 191 3 2022 CARDINAL economy-5274 191 4 nigeria GPE economy-5274 196 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 197 1 nwanedo PERSON economy-5274 197 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 197 3 1981 DATE economy-5274 197 4 2019 DATE economy-5274 197 5 nigeria GPE economy-5274 202 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 202 2 39 CARDINAL economy-5274 202 3 49 43 CARDINAL economy-5274 202 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 202 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-5274 203 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 203 2 2012 DATE economy-5274 203 3 nwanedo PERSON economy-5274 203 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 203 5 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 204 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 206 1 ols ORG economy-5274 206 2 nwanedo PERSON economy-5274 206 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 209 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 209 2 2012 DATE economy-5274 209 3 nwanedo PERSON economy-5274 209 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 210 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 213 1 2012 DATE economy-5274 213 2 nwanedo PERSON economy-5274 213 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 214 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 216 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 217 1 2019 DATE economy-5274 218 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 220 1 one CARDINAL economy-5274 221 1 2.2 CARDINAL economy-5274 224 1 three CARDINAL economy-5274 224 2 chongo ORG economy-5274 224 3 2013 DATE economy-5274 224 4 karazijiene GPE economy-5274 224 5 2015 DATE economy-5274 226 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 227 1 buchanan, 1958 ORG economy-5274 228 1 1965 DATE economy-5274 228 2 presbitero ORG economy-5274 228 3 2013 DATE economy-5274 231 1 adam smith PERSON economy-5274 231 2 jean baptiste PERSON economy-5274 231 3 david ricardo PERSON economy-5274 231 4 2007 DATE economy-5274 234 1 2015 DATE economy-5274 235 1 1988 DATE economy-5274 237 1 elmendorf GPE economy-5274 237 2 mankiw GPE economy-5274 237 3 1999 DATE economy-5274 242 1 borensztein PERSON economy-5274 242 2 1989 DATE economy-5274 242 3 1989 DATE economy-5274 245 1 2018 DATE economy-5274 248 1 mensah ORG economy-5274 248 2 2017 DATE economy-5274 251 1 myers ORG economy-5274 251 2 myers GPE economy-5274 251 3 1977 DATE economy-5274 252 1 the mid-1980s DATE economy-5274 252 2 1989 DATE economy-5274 252 3 krugman ORG economy-5274 252 4 1988 DATE economy-5274 252 5 krugman ORG economy-5274 252 6 1989 DATE economy-5274 255 1 saungweme & odhiambo ORG economy-5274 255 2 2018 DATE economy-5274 256 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 256 2 39 CARDINAL economy-5274 256 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 256 4 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-5274 258 1 buchanan PERSON economy-5274 258 2 1958 DATE economy-5274 259 1 diallo ORG economy-5274 259 2 2009 DATE economy-5274 260 1 oleksandr ORG economy-5274 260 2 2003 DATE economy-5274 260 3 one CARDINAL economy-5274 261 1 ewaida PERSON economy-5274 261 2 2017 CARDINAL economy-5274 262 1 attard ORG economy-5274 262 2 2019 DATE economy-5274 262 3 checherita-westphal & rother ORG economy-5274 262 4 2012 DATE economy-5274 263 1 diallo ORG economy-5274 263 2 2009 DATE economy-5274 263 3 oleksandr ORG economy-5274 263 4 2003 DATE economy-5274 263 5 pattillo ORG economy-5274 263 6 2004 DATE economy-5274 263 7 abbasi PERSON economy-5274 263 8 iqbal PERSON economy-5274 263 9 2014 DATE economy-5274 265 1 1979 DATE economy-5274 266 1 1989 DATE economy-5274 267 1 1989 DATE economy-5274 268 1 today DATE economy-5274 268 2 tomorrow DATE economy-5274 269 1 ricardian NORP economy-5274 269 2 bernheim GPE economy-5274 269 3 1989 DATE economy-5274 270 1 1974 DATE economy-5274 271 1 elmendorf & mankiw ORG economy-5274 271 2 1999 DATE economy-5274 276 1 bernheim GPE economy-5274 276 2 1987 DATE economy-5274 277 1 3 CARDINAL economy-5274 277 2 1981 DATE economy-5274 277 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 279 1 the start of the 1980s DATE economy-5274 280 1 2005 DATE economy-5274 280 2 2008 DATE economy-5274 281 1 the world bank ORG economy-5274 281 2 wb PERSON economy-5274 281 3 cbn ORG economy-5274 282 1 cbn ORG economy-5274 283 1 the wb wdi ORG economy-5274 284 1 1 and 2 CARDINAL economy-5274 284 2 1 CARDINAL economy-5274 286 1 2015 CARDINAL economy-5274 286 2 us$ GPE economy-5274 286 3 wdi openness to trade trade ORG economy-5274 286 4 + wb PERSON economy-5274 286 5 wb PERSON economy-5274 286 6 wdi real effective exchange rate ORG economy-5274 286 7 wb ORG economy-5274 286 8 wdi foreign direct ORG economy-5274 286 9 + wb PERSON economy-5274 286 10 wdi ORG economy-5274 286 11 2 CARDINAL economy-5274 287 1 cbn ORG economy-5274 287 2 2015 CARDINAL economy-5274 287 3 us$ GPE economy-5274 287 4 wdi openness to trade trade ORG economy-5274 287 5 + wb PERSON economy-5274 288 1 + wb PERSON economy-5274 288 2 wdi real effective exchange ORG economy-5274 288 3 wb ORG economy-5274 288 4 wdi foreign direct ORG economy-5274 288 5 gdp wb PERSON economy-5274 288 6 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 288 7 39 CARDINAL economy-5274 288 8 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 288 9 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-5274 289 1 phillips-perrons ORG economy-5274 290 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 292 1 2003 DATE economy-5274 292 2 gujarati ORG economy-5274 292 3 2003 DATE economy-5274 293 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 294 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 295 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 296 1 first ORDINAL economy-5274 296 2 second ORDINAL economy-5274 299 1 first ORDINAL economy-5274 299 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 299 3 2014 DATE economy-5274 299 4 2012 DATE economy-5274 300 1 second ORDINAL economy-5274 300 2 chongo ORG economy-5274 300 3 2013 DATE economy-5274 300 4 2014 DATE economy-5274 300 5 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 302 1 1 CARDINAL economy-5274 302 2 2 CARDINAL economy-5274 304 1 πΏπ‘π‘ƒπ‘ˆπ΅π· ORG economy-5274 304 2 𝑃𝑒𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐 NORP economy-5274 304 3 𝐿𝑁𝐼𝑁𝐹 = ORG economy-5274 305 1 πΌπ‘›π‘“π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› PERSON economy-5274 308 1 𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑑 PERSON economy-5274 310 1 3 CARDINAL economy-5274 311 1 adf ORG economy-5274 312 1 first ORDINAL economy-5274 312 2 lnrgdp -1.1727 -4.0447 PERSON economy-5274 314 1 1 CARDINAL economy-5274 315 1 1(1 CARDINAL economy-5274 315 2 1(0 CARDINAL economy-5274 315 3 1(0 CARDINAL economy-5274 315 4 the 1% and 5% PERCENT economy-5274 316 1 4 CARDINAL economy-5274 316 2 3 CARDINAL economy-5274 317 1 first ORDINAL economy-5274 318 1 4 CARDINAL economy-5274 319 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 321 1 lnpubd PERSON economy-5274 321 2 2.5287 MONEY economy-5274 321 3 0.0163 CARDINAL economy-5274 321 4 0.0059 CARDINAL economy-5274 321 5 lnopen -0.1275 PERSON economy-5274 321 6 0.0122 lndebts -0.1260 0.0129 QUANTITY economy-5274 322 1 0.0000 CARDINAL economy-5274 322 2 0.1035 CARDINAL economy-5274 322 3 0.0294 CARDINAL economy-5274 322 4 7.8230 CARDINAL economy-5274 322 5 0.0000 CARDINAL economy-5274 322 6 0.8543 MONEY economy-5274 322 7 0.8286 CARDINAL economy-5274 323 1 33.2350 CARDINAL economy-5274 323 2 0.0000 CARDINAL economy-5274 323 3 durbin-watson ORG economy-5274 323 4 0.9589 CARDINAL economy-5274 323 5 the 1%, 5% and 10% PERCENT economy-5274 324 1 4 CARDINAL economy-5274 326 1 one per cent MONEY economy-5274 326 2 0.04 per cent MONEY economy-5274 328 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 329 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 330 1 mensah PERSON economy-5274 330 2 2017 CARDINAL economy-5274 330 3 2018 DATE economy-5274 330 4 2020 DATE economy-5274 330 5 2020 DATE economy-5274 331 1 chongo ORG economy-5274 331 2 2013 DATE economy-5274 331 3 2016 DATE economy-5274 331 4 2020 DATE economy-5274 331 5 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 333 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 334 1 2022 CARDINAL economy-5274 335 1 2020 DATE economy-5274 337 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 338 1 0.13 per cent MONEY economy-5274 339 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 339 2 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 339 3 39 CARDINAL economy-5274 339 4 2023 CARDINAL economy-5274 339 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-5274 340 1 duru et al ORG economy-5274 341 1 2021 CARDINAL economy-5274 343 1 0.07 per cent MONEY economy-5274 344 1 2016 DATE economy-5274 346 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 347 1 0.05 per cent MONEY economy-5274 348 1 chongo ORG economy-5274 348 2 2013 DATE economy-5274 348 3 mavhinga PERSON economy-5274 348 4 2015 DATE economy-5274 348 5 njoroge GPE economy-5274 348 6 2020 DATE economy-5274 350 1 0.13 per cent MONEY economy-5274 351 1 2016 DATE economy-5274 351 2 2019 DATE economy-5274 351 3 2019 DATE economy-5274 351 4 2020 DATE economy-5274 351 5 2022 CARDINAL economy-5274 352 1 mavhinga PERSON economy-5274 352 2 2015 DATE economy-5274 354 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 355 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 358 1 mavhinga PERSON economy-5274 358 2 2015 DATE economy-5274 358 3 2019 DATE economy-5274 359 1 85% PERCENT economy-5274 360 1 durbin-watson ORG economy-5274 360 2 0.9589 CARDINAL economy-5274 362 1 5 CARDINAL economy-5274 363 1 two CARDINAL economy-5274 364 1 4.2093 CARDINAL economy-5274 364 2 0.0163 CARDINAL economy-5274 364 3 1.5112 CARDINAL economy-5274 364 4 3.0482 MONEY economy-5274 364 5 0.0044 CARDINAL economy-5274 365 1 0.0805 CARDINAL economy-5274 366 1 0.3227 CARDINAL economy-5274 366 2 0.5014 CARDINAL economy-5274 366 3 14.6720 CARDINAL economy-5274 366 4 0.6691 MONEY economy-5274 366 5 0.6107 CARDINAL economy-5274 366 6 11.4577 CARDINAL economy-5274 366 7 0.0000 CARDINAL economy-5274 366 8 durbin-watson ORG economy-5274 366 9 0.4308 CARDINAL economy-5274 366 10 1% PERCENT economy-5274 367 1 5 CARDINAL economy-5274 368 1 4.21 per cent MONEY economy-5274 370 1 chongo ORG economy-5274 370 2 2013 DATE economy-5274 372 1 one CARDINAL economy-5274 372 2 1.51 per cent MONEY economy-5274 373 1 67% PERCENT economy-5274 375 1 0.4308 CARDINAL economy-5274 377 1 6 CARDINAL economy-5274 378 1 toda ORG economy-5274 378 2 yamamoto PERSON economy-5274 379 1 lnrgdp PERSON economy-5274 379 2 2 lnpubd πœ’ QUANTITY economy-5274 379 3 2 CARDINAL economy-5274 379 4 540.8503 CARDINAL economy-5274 379 5 173.2946 CARDINAL economy-5274 379 6 1 per cent MONEY economy-5274 380 1 7 CARDINAL economy-5274 381 1 toda ORG economy-5274 381 2 yamamoto PERSON economy-5274 382 1 2 lndebts πœ’ QUANTITY economy-5274 382 2 2 CARDINAL economy-5274 382 3 2.7967 lndebts 26.2617 QUANTITY economy-5274 382 4 1 per cent MONEY economy-5274 383 1 6 CARDINAL economy-5274 383 2 yamamoto PERSON economy-5274 384 1 6 CARDINAL economy-5274 384 2 nigeria GPE economy-5274 385 1 nigeria GPE economy-5274 386 1 reinhart FAC economy-5274 386 2 2010a DATE economy-5274 386 3 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