id sid eid entity type economy-7649 1 1 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 1 2 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 1 3 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 2 1 12 CARDINAL economy-7649 2 2 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 2 3 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 2 4 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 2 5 2313 CARDINAL economy-7649 2 6 2518-0118 QUANTITY economy-7649 2 7 10.20448 CARDINAL economy-7649 2 8 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 2 9 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 2 10 nigeria GPE economy-7649 2 11 ezeanyanwu1 ORG economy-7649 2 12 maduka2 stephen obinozie PERSON economy-7649 3 1 theresa ugwunna4 PERSON economy-7649 4 1 1,2,4department CARDINAL economy-7649 4 2 chukwuemeka odumegwu ojukwu university ORG economy-7649 4 3 igbariam GPE economy-7649 4 4 nigeria GPE economy-7649 5 1 1email DATE economy-7649 6 1 2email PERSON economy-7649 8 1 4email CARDINAL economy-7649 8 2 3department CARDINAL economy-7649 8 3 dennis osadebay university ORG economy-7649 8 4 asaba GPE economy-7649 8 5 delta GPE economy-7649 8 6 nigeria GPE economy-7649 9 1 3email CARDINAL economy-7649 9 2 1990 DATE economy-7649 9 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 9 4 nigeria GPE economy-7649 10 1 the world bank ORG economy-7649 10 2 granger PERSON economy-7649 13 1 two CARDINAL economy-7649 13 2 one CARDINAL economy-7649 15 1 icpc ORG economy-7649 16 1 fmols ORG economy-7649 16 2 nigeria GPE economy-7649 17 1 b. o. PERSON economy-7649 17 2 maduka GPE economy-7649 17 3 a. c. PERSON economy-7649 17 4 s. o., & ORG economy-7649 17 5 o. t. PERSON economy-7649 17 6 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 18 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 19 1 12(2 DATE economy-7649 19 2 156–164 CARDINAL economy-7649 19 3 10.20448 CARDINAL economy-7649 19 4 29 CARDINAL economy-7649 19 5 8 october 2025 DATE economy-7649 19 6 18 october 2025 DATE economy-7649 19 7 3 november 2025 DATE economy-7649 19 8 4.0 CARDINAL economy-7649 19 9 asian NORP economy-7649 26 1 1 CARDINAL economy-7649 27 1 157 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 29 1 157 3 CARDINAL economy-7649 30 1 159 4 DATE economy-7649 31 1 160 5 CARDINAL economy-7649 32 1 162 6 CARDINAL economy-7649 32 2 163 CARDINAL economy-7649 32 3 163 mailto:ezeanyanwubenedict@gmail.com mailto:annymaduka@gmail.com QUANTITY economy-7649 34 1 2025 DATE economy-7649 34 2 12(2 DATE economy-7649 34 3 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 34 4 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 34 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 34 6 nigeria GPE economy-7649 36 1 1 CARDINAL economy-7649 36 2 nigeria GPE economy-7649 36 3 keilbach, & lehmann ORG economy-7649 36 4 2006 DATE economy-7649 36 5 urbano, aparicio, & audretsch ORG economy-7649 36 6 2019 DATE economy-7649 37 1 baumol & strom ORG economy-7649 37 2 2007 DATE economy-7649 37 3 dhar & farzana ORG economy-7649 37 4 2017 DATE economy-7649 38 1 sanders, & stam ORG economy-7649 38 2 2018 DATE economy-7649 39 1 kabeer PERSON economy-7649 39 2 2021 DATE economy-7649 39 3 ranieri & almeida ramos ORG economy-7649 39 4 2013 DATE economy-7649 40 1 eichengreen DATE economy-7649 40 2 el-ganainy, & schindle ORG economy-7649 40 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 40 4 samans ORG economy-7649 40 5 blanke PERSON economy-7649 40 6 corrigan, & drzeniek ORG economy-7649 40 7 2015 DATE economy-7649 41 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 42 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 42 2 5.9% PERCENT economy-7649 42 3 1985 DATE economy-7649 42 4 -1.8% PERCENT economy-7649 42 5 2020 DATE economy-7649 42 6 twenty years DATE economy-7649 42 7 9.7% PERCENT economy-7649 42 8 2020 DATE economy-7649 42 9 2018 DATE economy-7649 43 1 around 86.9 million CARDINAL economy-7649 43 2 nigerians NORP economy-7649 43 3 93 million CARDINAL economy-7649 43 4 nigerians NORP economy-7649 43 5 2015 DATE economy-7649 44 1 millions CARDINAL economy-7649 44 2 nigerians NORP economy-7649 44 3 every day DATE economy-7649 45 1 covid-19 PERSON economy-7649 45 2 nigeria GPE economy-7649 45 3 iheonu GPE economy-7649 45 4 & ihezie ORG economy-7649 45 5 2021 DATE economy-7649 46 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 46 2 nigerian NORP economy-7649 47 1 nigerians NORP economy-7649 48 1 jaiyeola & bayat ORG economy-7649 48 2 2019 DATE economy-7649 50 1 recent years DATE economy-7649 50 2 nigerian NORP economy-7649 51 1 2018 DATE economy-7649 51 2 yero & abdu ORG economy-7649 51 3 2024 DATE economy-7649 52 1 2024 DATE economy-7649 53 1 nigerians NORP economy-7649 54 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 55 1 2006 DATE economy-7649 56 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 57 1 adanma & ogunbiyi ORG economy-7649 57 2 2024 DATE economy-7649 57 3 animashaun GPE economy-7649 57 4 familoni, & onyebuchi ORG economy-7649 57 5 2024 DATE economy-7649 58 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 58 2 1990 DATE economy-7649 58 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 59 1 the world bank ORG economy-7649 60 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 61 1 section 2 LAW economy-7649 61 2 3 CARDINAL economy-7649 61 3 section 4 LAW economy-7649 61 4 section 5 LAW economy-7649 62 1 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 62 2 2.1 CARDINAL economy-7649 63 1 shuaibu GPE economy-7649 63 2 bin kamin PERSON economy-7649 63 3 muhammad isa, & musa cledumas PERSON economy-7649 63 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 63 5 udukeke & usoro ORG economy-7649 63 6 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 65 1 2024 DATE economy-7649 66 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 66 2 2024 DATE economy-7649 67 1 2025 DATE economy-7649 68 1 nigerian NORP economy-7649 68 2 2014 DATE economy-7649 69 1 & grimm ORG economy-7649 69 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 70 1 ranieri & almeida ramos ORG economy-7649 70 2 2013 DATE economy-7649 71 1 2025 DATE economy-7649 71 2 12(2 DATE economy-7649 71 3 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 71 4 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 71 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 71 6 2018 DATE economy-7649 72 1 2021 DATE economy-7649 73 1 nigerian NORP economy-7649 73 2 abubakar PERSON economy-7649 73 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 73 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 74 1 ibrahim PERSON economy-7649 74 2 2024 DATE economy-7649 75 1 two CARDINAL economy-7649 76 1 undp ORG economy-7649 76 2 2013 DATE economy-7649 77 1 nigerian NORP economy-7649 78 1 2.2 CARDINAL economy-7649 80 1 schumpeter PERSON economy-7649 80 2 1934 DATE economy-7649 81 1 2022 CARDINAL economy-7649 85 1 keynes, 1936) ORG economy-7649 87 1 2024 DATE economy-7649 89 1 wilson, 1996 ORG economy-7649 90 1 wei PERSON economy-7649 90 2 cullen PERSON economy-7649 90 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 93 1 schumpeter PERSON economy-7649 94 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 95 1 2.3 CARDINAL economy-7649 98 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 98 2 262 CARDINAL economy-7649 98 3 nigeria GPE economy-7649 99 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 100 1 goniri ORG economy-7649 100 2 2020 DATE economy-7649 100 3 nigeria GPE economy-7649 100 4 maiduguri ORG economy-7649 102 1 yusuf PERSON economy-7649 102 2 2018 DATE economy-7649 102 3 nigeria GPE economy-7649 103 1 bonito GPE economy-7649 103 2 mateo GPE economy-7649 103 3 2017 CARDINAL economy-7649 103 4 philippines GPE economy-7649 104 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 104 2 2014 DATE economy-7649 104 3 enugu state smes’ ORG economy-7649 105 1 ali PERSON economy-7649 105 2 ali PERSON economy-7649 105 3 2013 DATE economy-7649 105 4 somalia GPE economy-7649 106 1 2015 CARDINAL economy-7649 106 2 nigeria GPE economy-7649 106 3 chi-square PERSON economy-7649 108 1 adebayo PERSON economy-7649 108 2 2013 DATE economy-7649 109 1 migapet ORG economy-7649 109 2 2015 DATE economy-7649 109 3 nigeria GPE economy-7649 109 4 africa LOC economy-7649 110 1 alekhina and ORG economy-7649 110 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 110 3 asian NORP economy-7649 110 4 lee PERSON economy-7649 110 5 2025 DATE economy-7649 110 6 12(2 DATE economy-7649 110 7 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 110 8 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 110 9 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 110 10 2016 DATE economy-7649 110 11 the united kingdom GPE economy-7649 111 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 111 2 adegboyega PERSON economy-7649 111 3 2018 DATE economy-7649 112 1 munir PERSON economy-7649 112 2 ullah PERSON economy-7649 112 3 2018 DATE economy-7649 112 4 pakistan GPE economy-7649 113 1 2015 DATE economy-7649 113 2 nigeria GPE economy-7649 113 3 nigeria GPE economy-7649 115 1 2020 DATE economy-7649 115 2 1990 DATE economy-7649 115 3 2015 DATE economy-7649 116 1 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 116 2 21 CARDINAL economy-7649 116 3 african NORP economy-7649 123 1 nigerian NORP economy-7649 124 1 3 CARDINAL economy-7649 124 2 nigeria GPE economy-7649 124 3 1990 DATE economy-7649 124 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 125 1 fmols ORG economy-7649 125 2 phillips ORG economy-7649 125 3 hansen PERSON economy-7649 125 4 1990 DATE economy-7649 125 5 2007 DATE economy-7649 126 1 lee & chang ORG economy-7649 126 2 2008 DATE economy-7649 126 3 hamid GPE economy-7649 126 4 rej GPE economy-7649 126 5 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 128 1 maku GPE economy-7649 128 2 tella, & fagbohun ORG economy-7649 128 3 2020 DATE economy-7649 129 1 3.1 CARDINAL economy-7649 131 1 second ORDINAL economy-7649 140 1 𝛽1 βˆ’ PERSON economy-7649 142 1 3.2 CARDINAL economy-7649 143 1 fmols ORG economy-7649 144 1 2007 DATE economy-7649 145 1 βˆ‘ PERSON economy-7649 145 2 𝑇 𝑑=1 βˆ’ 𝑦)2)βˆ’1𝑁 𝑖=1 ORG economy-7649 147 1 1 CARDINAL economy-7649 149 1 0 CARDINAL economy-7649 150 1 𝑑𝛽8 𝑁 𝑖=1 FAC economy-7649 150 2 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 150 3 2025 DATE economy-7649 150 4 12(2 DATE economy-7649 150 5 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 150 6 164 160 CARDINAL economy-7649 150 7 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 150 8 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 150 9 βˆ— βˆ’ 𝛽0)[πœ‘11𝑖 ORG economy-7649 150 10 𝑇 𝑑=1 βˆ’ 𝑦)2]1/2 ORG economy-7649 151 1 3.3 CARDINAL economy-7649 152 1 1 CARDINAL economy-7649 153 1 the world bank development indicators ORG economy-7649 153 2 cbn ORG economy-7649 156 1 1 CARDINAL economy-7649 158 1 lig ORG economy-7649 158 2 gini coefficient PERSON economy-7649 158 3 oecd ORG economy-7649 158 4 cbn ORG economy-7649 158 5 wdi 4. ORG economy-7649 158 6 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 159 1 7.011015 CARDINAL economy-7649 159 2 5.599236 CARDINAL economy-7649 159 3 8.038832 CARDINAL economy-7649 160 1 82.95162 CARDINAL economy-7649 160 2 between 79.26835 and 85.03133 CARDINAL economy-7649 161 1 17.653322 CARDINAL economy-7649 162 1 6.022514 CARDINAL economy-7649 162 2 3.10135 CARDINAL economy-7649 162 3 7.832994 CARDINAL economy-7649 163 1 41.47500 CARDINAL economy-7649 163 2 8.977125 CARDINAL economy-7649 164 1 14.01916 CARDINAL economy-7649 166 1 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 167 1 lpov ent lig lgexp PERSON economy-7649 167 2 inq gfcf PERSON economy-7649 168 1 7.011015 82.95162 MONEY economy-7649 169 1 14.01916 MONEY economy-7649 169 2 7.278958 83.17810 CARDINAL economy-7649 169 3 6.283532 40.10000 8.405000 14.70913 MONEY economy-7649 169 4 8.038832 CARDINAL economy-7649 169 5 7.832994 MONEY economy-7649 169 6 5.599236 79.26835 MONEY economy-7649 169 7 3.180135 35.00000 MONEY economy-7649 170 1 1.247410 ORG economy-7649 170 2 1.817988 MONEY economy-7649 170 3 -0.244645 -0.312444 -0.238422 PERSON economy-7649 171 1 2.910053 MONEY economy-7649 171 2 1.482920 CARDINAL economy-7649 171 3 2.863174 ORG economy-7649 171 4 1.829098 CARDINAL economy-7649 171 5 32 CARDINAL economy-7649 171 6 32 CARDINAL economy-7649 171 7 inq ORG economy-7649 171 8 gfcf ltax lpov 1 ent -0.89935 1 PRODUCT economy-7649 172 1 0.511617 CARDINAL economy-7649 173 1 0.589188 1 QUANTITY economy-7649 173 2 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 173 3 nigeria GPE economy-7649 174 1 0.9093 CARDINAL economy-7649 175 1 0.8188 CARDINAL economy-7649 177 1 0.5116 CARDINAL economy-7649 177 2 0.9302 CARDINAL economy-7649 177 3 nigerian NORP economy-7649 178 1 2025 DATE economy-7649 178 2 12(2 DATE economy-7649 178 3 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 178 4 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 178 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 178 6 3 CARDINAL economy-7649 179 1 first ORDINAL economy-7649 184 1 inq -1.0525 -5.3013 PERSON economy-7649 185 1 1.9776 CARDINAL economy-7649 187 1 1% PERCENT economy-7649 188 1 3 CARDINAL economy-7649 190 1 first ORDINAL economy-7649 192 1 johansen PERSON economy-7649 194 1 4 CARDINAL economy-7649 195 1 johansen PERSON economy-7649 197 1 5% PERCENT economy-7649 197 2 1 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 3 4 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 4 213.44 25.62 QUANTITY economy-7649 197 5 0.001 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 6 1 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 7 max PERSON economy-7649 197 8 3 73.61 46.23 QUANTITY economy-7649 197 9 0.001 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 10 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 11 4 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 12 213.44 25.62 QUANTITY economy-7649 197 13 0.001 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 14 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 15 3 73.61 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 16 0.001 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 17 4 CARDINAL economy-7649 197 18 four CARDINAL economy-7649 197 19 three CARDINAL economy-7649 197 20 5% PERCENT economy-7649 199 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 199 2 5 CARDINAL economy-7649 199 3 two CARDINAL economy-7649 200 1 1 CARDINAL economy-7649 200 2 2 CARDINAL economy-7649 200 3 0.0851 CARDINAL economy-7649 200 4 0.118 lpov -0.0425 QUANTITY economy-7649 200 5 0.0102 CARDINAL economy-7649 200 6 lig ORG economy-7649 200 7 1.7715 CARDINAL economy-7649 200 8 0.010 CARDINAL economy-7649 200 9 0.0035 -10.178 QUANTITY economy-7649 200 10 5.7753 MONEY economy-7649 200 11 inq ORG economy-7649 200 12 0.0136 -3.5545 QUANTITY economy-7649 200 13 0.001 CARDINAL economy-7649 200 14 0.0009 CARDINAL economy-7649 201 1 0.0220 CARDINAL economy-7649 201 2 0.456 CARDINAL economy-7649 201 3 3.9893 MONEY economy-7649 201 4 4.4078 MONEY economy-7649 201 5 97.692 CARDINAL economy-7649 201 6 2.7954 0.010 CARDINAL economy-7649 201 7 19.738 CARDINAL economy-7649 201 8 66.846 MONEY economy-7649 201 9 0.946 adj QUANTITY economy-7649 202 1 0.932 CARDINAL economy-7649 202 2 0.993 adj QUANTITY economy-7649 202 3 0.991 CARDINAL economy-7649 202 4 5 CARDINAL economy-7649 202 5 nigeria GPE economy-7649 203 1 1 CARDINAL economy-7649 203 2 5% PERCENT economy-7649 205 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 207 1 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 207 2 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 207 3 2024 DATE economy-7649 207 4 nigeria GPE economy-7649 208 1 lig ORG economy-7649 208 2 roughly 5% PERCENT economy-7649 209 1 keynes, 1936 ORG economy-7649 211 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 211 2 adegboyega PERSON economy-7649 211 3 2018 DATE economy-7649 211 4 ozughalu & ogwumike, ORG economy-7649 211 5 2015 DATE economy-7649 211 6 nigeria GPE economy-7649 212 1 two CARDINAL economy-7649 212 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 212 3 2024 DATE economy-7649 213 1 nigerian NORP economy-7649 215 1 2025 DATE economy-7649 215 2 12(2 DATE economy-7649 215 3 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 215 4 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 215 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 221 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 224 1 6 CARDINAL economy-7649 225 1 granger causality PERSON economy-7649 228 1 granger PERSON economy-7649 228 2 30 0.002 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 3 granger PERSON economy-7649 228 4 3.947 0.032 lig QUANTITY economy-7649 228 5 granger PERSON economy-7649 228 6 30 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 7 2.279 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 8 0.123 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 9 granger PERSON economy-7649 228 10 lig ORG economy-7649 228 11 0.359 0.701 QUANTITY economy-7649 228 12 granger PERSON economy-7649 228 13 30 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 14 2.316 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 15 granger PERSON economy-7649 228 16 lgexp PERSON economy-7649 228 17 0.876 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 18 granger PERSON economy-7649 228 19 30 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 20 0.030 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 21 granger PERSON economy-7649 228 22 5.603 0.009 CARDINAL economy-7649 228 23 6 CARDINAL economy-7649 229 1 model 1 DATE economy-7649 230 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 231 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 233 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 234 1 5 CARDINAL economy-7649 234 2 nigeria GPE economy-7649 237 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 241 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 241 2 the past few years DATE economy-7649 241 3 nigeria GPE economy-7649 243 1 nigerian NORP economy-7649 250 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 251 1 2025 DATE economy-7649 251 2 12(2 DATE economy-7649 251 3 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 251 4 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 251 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 252 1 6 CARDINAL economy-7649 252 2 nigeria GPE economy-7649 252 3 1990 DATE economy-7649 252 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 253 1 the world bank ORG economy-7649 253 2 granger PERSON economy-7649 256 1 two CARDINAL economy-7649 256 2 one CARDINAL economy-7649 257 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 258 1 secondly ORDINAL economy-7649 268 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 270 1 adebayo PERSON economy-7649 270 2 t. GPE economy-7649 270 3 2013 DATE economy-7649 272 1 5(2 DATE economy-7649 272 2 45–58 CARDINAL economy-7649 273 1 abubakar PERSON economy-7649 273 2 s. PERSON economy-7649 273 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 274 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 275 1 fuo journal of management sciences ORG economy-7649 275 2 7(1 DATE economy-7649 275 3 86 CARDINAL economy-7649 276 1 adanma ORG economy-7649 276 2 m., & ogunbiyi ORG economy-7649 276 3 2024 CARDINAL economy-7649 278 1 6(5 CARDINAL economy-7649 278 2 954-977 PRODUCT economy-7649 279 1 adegboyega PERSON economy-7649 279 2 s. b. PERSON economy-7649 279 3 2018 DATE economy-7649 280 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 281 1 the university of agricultural sciences ORG economy-7649 281 2 cluj-napoca ORG economy-7649 282 1 134–141 CARDINAL economy-7649 282 2 adejoke PERSON economy-7649 282 3 o. i. PERSON economy-7649 282 4 2025 DATE economy-7649 284 1 14(1 CARDINAL economy-7649 284 2 133 CARDINAL economy-7649 285 1 adenutsi ORG economy-7649 285 2 d. e. PERSON economy-7649 285 3 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 287 1 13(6 CARDINAL economy-7649 287 2 1579 CARDINAL economy-7649 288 1 a. PERSON economy-7649 288 2 2024 CARDINAL economy-7649 289 1 nigerian NORP economy-7649 290 1 niu journal of social sciences ORG economy-7649 290 2 10(2 DATE economy-7649 290 3 33 CARDINAL economy-7649 290 4 & ganelli ORG economy-7649 290 5 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 291 1 asean GPE economy-7649 292 1 the asia pacific economy, ORG economy-7649 292 2 28(3 DATE economy-7649 292 3 1196-1228 DATE economy-7649 293 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2021.1981044 ali PERSON economy-7649 293 2 d., & ali ORG economy-7649 293 3 a. h. PERSON economy-7649 293 4 2013 DATE economy-7649 294 1 somalia GPE economy-7649 295 1 american international journal of social science ORG economy-7649 295 2 2(3 CARDINAL economy-7649 295 3 108 CARDINAL economy-7649 296 1 aly, m., audretsch PERSON economy-7649 296 2 d. b. GPE economy-7649 296 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 298 1 the journal of technology transfer ORG economy-7649 298 2 46 DATE economy-7649 298 3 1611-1629 DATE economy-7649 299 1 e. s. PERSON economy-7649 299 2 familoni GPE economy-7649 299 3 b. t., & onyebuchi PERSON economy-7649 299 4 n. c. PERSON economy-7649 299 5 2024 CARDINAL economy-7649 301 1 6(6 CARDINAL economy-7649 301 2 1158-1168 DATE economy-7649 302 1 anuoluwapo ORG economy-7649 302 2 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 303 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 304 1 african journal of development studies ORG economy-7649 304 2 11(3 CARDINAL economy-7649 304 3 307 CARDINAL economy-7649 305 1 s. PERSON economy-7649 305 2 s. PERSON economy-7649 305 3 s., & egbenede ORG economy-7649 305 4 m. PERSON economy-7649 305 5 2024 DATE economy-7649 307 1 369 CARDINAL economy-7649 308 1 arabiyat ORG economy-7649 308 2 t. s. GPE economy-7649 308 3 mdanat ORG economy-7649 308 4 m., & samawi ORG economy-7649 308 5 2020 DATE economy-7649 309 1 jordan GPE economy-7649 310 1 54(1 CARDINAL economy-7649 311 1 o. e. PERSON economy-7649 311 2 c. l. PERSON economy-7649 311 3 salau, o. p. PERSON economy-7649 311 4 agada PERSON economy-7649 311 5 s. a. PERSON economy-7649 311 6 dada GPE economy-7649 311 7 a. e., & obisesan PERSON economy-7649 311 8 o. t. PERSON economy-7649 311 9 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 312 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 313 1 6673 DATE economy-7649 314 1 d. b. PERSON economy-7649 314 2 keilbach GPE economy-7649 314 3 m. c. PERSON economy-7649 314 4 e. e. ( PERSON economy-7649 314 5 2006 DATE economy-7649 316 1 oxford NORP economy-7649 316 2 oxford university press ORG economy-7649 317 1 2022 CARDINAL economy-7649 319 1 access library journal ORG economy-7649 319 2 9(5 CARDINAL economy-7649 319 3 fayzullokh PERSON economy-7649 319 4 s., & nilufar ORG economy-7649 319 5 2023 CARDINAL economy-7649 321 1 8(3 DATE economy-7649 321 2 baumol PERSON economy-7649 321 3 w. j., & strom PERSON economy-7649 321 4 r. j. PERSON economy-7649 321 5 2007 DATE economy-7649 323 1 233 CARDINAL economy-7649 324 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.26 NORP economy-7649 324 2 bonito GPE economy-7649 324 3 j. d. m. PERSON economy-7649 324 4 daantos PERSON economy-7649 324 5 f. j. a. PERSON economy-7649 324 6 mateo GPE economy-7649 324 7 j. c. a. PERSON economy-7649 324 8 2017 CARDINAL economy-7649 326 1 6(1 CARDINAL economy-7649 326 2 33 CARDINAL economy-7649 327 1 j., sanders PERSON economy-7649 327 2 m., & stam ORG economy-7649 327 3 2018 DATE economy-7649 328 1 europe LOC economy-7649 329 1 small business economics ORG economy-7649 329 2 51 DATE economy-7649 329 3 483-499 CARDINAL economy-7649 330 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0012-x cerra PERSON economy-7649 330 2 eichengreen DATE economy-7649 330 3 b. GPE economy-7649 330 4 a., & schindle ORG economy-7649 330 5 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 332 1 oxford NORP economy-7649 332 2 oxford university ORG economy-7649 333 1 r., & loayza ORG economy-7649 333 2 n. v. PERSON economy-7649 333 3 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 335 1 68 CARDINAL economy-7649 335 2 1-54 CARDINAL economy-7649 336 1 2025 DATE economy-7649 336 2 12(2 DATE economy-7649 336 3 156 CARDINAL economy-7649 336 4 2025 CARDINAL economy-7649 336 5 asian online journal publishing group ORG economy-7649 336 6 deaton, a. ( ORG economy-7649 336 7 2006 DATE economy-7649 338 1 3 CARDINAL economy-7649 339 1 dhar, s., & farzana ORG economy-7649 339 2 t. GPE economy-7649 339 3 2017 CARDINAL economy-7649 341 1 european journal of business and management ORG economy-7649 341 2 9(36 CARDINAL economy-7649 341 3 103–114 CARDINAL economy-7649 341 4 diyoke ORG economy-7649 341 5 c. i. PERSON economy-7649 341 6 2014 DATE economy-7649 342 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 343 1 international journal of technical research ORG economy-7649 343 2 10(1 CARDINAL economy-7649 343 3 19-23 CARDINAL economy-7649 344 1 2018 DATE economy-7649 346 1 zaria PERSON economy-7649 346 2 ahmadu bello university. ORG economy-7649 347 1 m. a. PERSON economy-7649 347 2 t. t., GPE economy-7649 347 3 j. t. PERSON economy-7649 347 4 2021 CARDINAL economy-7649 348 1 africa LOC economy-7649 349 1 36(4 CARDINAL economy-7649 349 2 689-717 CARDINAL economy-7649 350 1 goniri ORG economy-7649 350 2 a. PERSON economy-7649 350 3 2020 DATE economy-7649 351 1 ramat polytechnic maiduguri ORG economy-7649 352 1 african NORP economy-7649 352 2 19(2 DATE economy-7649 352 3 221 CARDINAL economy-7649 353 1 ibrahim PERSON economy-7649 353 2 s. g. PERSON economy-7649 353 3 2024 CARDINAL economy-7649 354 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 355 1 283 CARDINAL economy-7649 356 1 ifeoma ORG economy-7649 356 2 a. r. PERSON economy-7649 356 3 n.-o. GPE economy-7649 356 4 a. e. PERSON economy-7649 356 5 2018 DATE economy-7649 357 1 nigeria GPE economy-7649 358 1 journal of business and management ORG economy-7649 358 2 20(2 CARDINAL economy-7649 358 3 80 CARDINAL economy-7649 359 1 jaiyeola, a. o. 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