economy: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called economy.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Economy; Growth; Economic; Development; Variables; Rate; Model; Countries; Data; Level; Government; Market; Trade; Income; Effect; Production; Investment; China; Risk; Money; Food; Expenditure; Respondents; Performance; Value

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: How are Ghana Benefiting and its Issues on the Economy? by Evans, Yeboah; Antwi, Agyeiwaah Vivian (2019) - Currently China has the highest number of foreign direct investment registered projects among the other investing nations in the Ghanaian economy. The authors examined the linked between China’s foreign direct investment and Ghana’s building and construction sector performance, by using the robust regression model and the outcome show that Chinese foreign direct investment in the building and construction sector of Ghana has a relevant positive effect on economic growth of Ghana as a result of a strong expansion of investors dauntless in Ghana’s economy. Keywords: africa; china; chinese; countries; development; economy; fdi; foreign; ghana; investment; nations; projects
• A Small Macroeconometric Model of Nigeria by Aminu, Alarudeen; Ogunjimi, Joshua Adeyemi (2019) - However, real GDP model, exchange rate model, oil export model, non-oil export model and oil import model are found not to be cointegrated because the values of their computed F-statistic are less than 5 percent, 1 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent and 10 percent level of significance respectively. Aggregate output equation Interest rate equation C 27.943437 C -212.010636 D(LHCAP) 0.059001** 0.187105** D(LM2) Keywords: consumption; economy; exchange rate; export; gdp; interest rate; model; nigeria; oil; oil export; oil price; percent; percent increase; policy; rate; result; run; variables
• Socio-Economic Implication of Political and Economic Participation of Women in Nigeria by Umar, Faruq (2020) - Keywords: Women empowerment, Insecurity, Endogenous growth model, ARDL technique, Juvenile Delinquencies. Meanwhile, there are already avalanche of literature on the factors responsible for the rising crime rate in Nigeria, none seems to be focusing on the rising trend of women empowerment (see (Adebayo, 2013; Keywords: crime; development; economic; economy; empowerment; female; force; growth; journal; labour; level; nigeria; participation; study; women
• Causality of Fiscal Policies and Per Capita Income Development: Evidence from the Nigerian Economy by Igoni, Suoye; Ogiri, Itotenaan Henry (2020) - This serves as a regulatory agency with the responsibility to collaborate with the ministry of finance to maintain stable economic growth rate through the application of fiscal policies and improve per capita income of Nigerians. Fiscal policy is a vital instrument used by the government to influence and maintain a stable desired economic growth and development. Keywords: capita; economy; expenditure; government; growth; income; nigeria; policy; study
• HIV/Aids, Infant Mortality and Economic Growth: A Systematic Assessment of Their Causal Relationship in Nigeria by Peter, Sede,; Uzezi, Oghenerurie, Precious; Oshoke, Abu, Prince; Adesuwa, Eniye, Blessing (2020) - Given the influences other economic variables have on HIV/AIDS, infant mortality and economic growth, we incorporated four variables in our analysis. Abstract Nigeria has the second largest HIV/AIDS burden in the world and this has been closely associated with adverse economic effects and in turn HIV/AIDS has hindered economic growth in the past decades. Keywords: aids; capital; economy; error; growth; health; hiv; increase; infant; lhivpr; lu5; model; mortality; nigeria; study; variables
• The Nigeria’s Debt- Growth Nexus: A Blessing or Burden? by NWIKINA, Christian Gbarawae; GBARATO, Ledum Moses; MEEKOR, Joseph Jim (2020) - Keywords: External debt, Domestic debt, Debt servicing, Nominal GDP, Nigeria. However, only domestic debt stock is efficient enough to spur economic activities, which suggests that prudent employment of domestic debt which is not affected by exchange rate is a strong catalyst for rapid increase in economic activities in Nigeria. Keywords: activities; debt; economic; economy; gdp; growth; influence; journal; level; management; nigeria; study; test
• The fiscal theory of the price level: The case of Morocco by Agouram, Jamal ; Anoualigh, Jamaa; Bari, Ahmed Ait ; Amzil, Mustapha (2023) - When monetary policy determines fiscal policy, regardless of what the fiscal authority requests, the monetary authority sets its aim for money supply expansion for the current and future periods. In numerous countries, fiscal policy has taken precedence over monetary policy, leading central banks to frequently finance public sector deficits, including those arising from quasi-fiscal activities. Keywords: authority; authors; debt; economic; economy; government; granger; inflation; journal; level; money; policy; price; price level; study; theory
• Does public debt disrupt economic growth in Nigeria? A two-stage least squares approach by Duru, Innocent Uchechukwu; Fortunatus, Okorontah Chikeziem ; Danjuma, Iyaji ; Nwamuo, Chukwuemeka; Promise, Uzoma Kelechi ; Favour, Ojo Toluwalashe (2023) - 39 © 2023 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Economy Vol. 10, No. 1, 39-49, 2023 ISSN(E) 2313-8181/ ISSN(P) 2518-0118 DOI: 10.20448/economy.v10i1.5274 © 2023 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Does public debt disrupt economic growth in Nigeria? The findings contradicted the debt overhang effect hypothesis by showing that public debt had a positive and significant influence on economic growth. Keywords: countries; data; debt; economic; economy; effect; findings; gdp; government; government debt; growth; impact; investment; journal; model; nigeria; results; study
• Innovations in Serbian Agribusiness Management by Sofija, Adzic; Dragan, Stojic (2014) - Third, the operationalization of the specific strategy of the structural adjustment of the innovation system as a function of agribusiness in the APV should be reduced to: projects of transformation of the institutes in high-tech enterprises, promotion of new models for innovation development planning at the university, independent institutes and production enterprises, and the promotion of more efficient models of regulating relations Keywords: Innovation system, Reindustrialization, Agribusiness, AP Vojvodina. In scientific terms, the structure of the innovation system consist of: (1) organizational and functional distribution of innovation potential, (2) the rules of defining the program for the development and valorization of innovation and the allocation of necessary resources, (3) the criteria used to determine the internal organization and conduct of Innovation system, and (4) a system of values and base rules for the evaluation of programs, policies and innovation results. Keywords: agribusiness; apv; development; economy; european; food; industry; innovation system; market; process; production; structure
• Economic Deprivation and Terrorism: Further Empirical Evidence from Nigeria by Okon, Emmanuel Okokondem (2014) - Nigeria Economy at a Glance Categorically, Nigeria is as an emerging market. Specifically, the paper examine whether or not cointegrating relationship exists between economic variables such as GDP per capita, inflation rate, trade openness, government total expenditure, interest rate, macroeconomic policy index and terrorism. Keywords: deprivation; economy; equation; government; level; nigeria; nil; oil; policy; rate; regression; results; source; statistic; table; terrorism; test; value; variables
• Fiscal Sustainability in the Ghanaian Economy: A Fiscal Reaction Function Approach by James, Kugbee S.; Baba, Insah (2015) - Estimating a Fiscal Reaction Function for Greece, Stoica and Leonte (2011) asserted that business cycle and public debt affect fiscal policy variables in a Economy, 2015, 2(1): 16-20 18 statistically insignificant manner. Keywords: Primary balance, Debt, Fiscal sustainability, Intertemporal budget constraint, Deficits, Fiscal policy. Keywords: balance; debt; economy; ghana; government; policy; study; sustainability
• The Relative Impact of Money Supply and Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nigeria by Siyan, Peter; Adegoriola, Adewale Emmanuel (2015) - The results suggested that fiscal policy significantly lead monetary policy in explaining changes in nominal income. They concluded that monetary policy is a more powerful tool than fiscal policy enhancing the economic growth in case of South Asian countries. Keywords: data; economic; economy; effect; expenditure; government; government expenditure; growth; money; nigeria; policy; supply
• Construction Externalities: A Theoretical Insight and the Nigerian Scenario by Chukwudi, Ugochukwu Stanley; Christopher, Mbakwe Chinwendu; Uche, Ajator (2015) - Construction Externalities ........................................................................................................................................................ 61 7. Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 62 References ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 62 Very little is known about the subject of construction externalities, especially amongst stakeholders in the Nigerian construction industry and built environment, yet its existence and effects are palpable. Hence, the study, via relevant literature and personal observations sought to provide; first, a theoretical understanding of the nature of construction externalities; its constituents or composition as well as its effects, and secondly, to point out the level of awareness on the part of stakeholders and the manner or extent to which they have been addressed or considered in Nigeria. Keywords: construction; economy; effects; externalities; externality; firm; industry; n.d; nigerian
• Poverty and Inequality across the Nations: How Can Governments be Effective in Coping? by Koirala, Niraj Prasad; Koirala, Dhiroj Prasad (2016) - After lowering of tax rates world wide upon the recommendation of multilateral Economy, 2016, 3(1): 24-30 29 agencies, there has been significant decrease in the revenue of low income developing countries while revenue amount in developed nations being unaffected (Itriago, 2011). In case of developed nations, poverty doesn’t mean the absolute inability of the citizens to access the physiological requirements for life which may not be the similar in case of low income nations (Ackerman et al., 2010). Keywords: corruption; countries; economy; governments; income; income countries; inequality; media; nations; people; policies; poverty; revenue; tax
• The Perceived Relations between Development Reforms, Stock Market Performance and Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1984-2014 by David, Okoroafor O.K; Mohammed, Yelwa (2016) - Reforms have been the widely acclaimed measures to stimulate capital market development. All these were made with the intent to promote capital market development. Keywords: capital; capital market; development; economic; economy; financial; growth; investment; market; market development; nigeria; reforms; stock; stock market
• Determinants of Exchange Rate Sensitivity on the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector by I., Ezeanyeji Clement; C., Onwuteaka Ifeoma. (2016) - Also, it was found that interest rate and Gross Domestic Product are the main determinants of exchange rates in Nigeria but interest rateis insignificant in the determination of exchange rate in the country. Keywords: Exchange rate, Sensitivity, Manufacturing sector, Determinants, Error correction model, Nigeria. Keywords: economy; exchange; exchange rate; fluctuations; level; manufacturing; market; model; nigeria; rate; rate fluctuations; sector; study; variables
• Analysis of Empirical Relationship among Agricultural Lending, Agricultural Growth and Non-Performing Loans in Nigerian Banking System by A. A, Umoren,; B., Akpan, S.; E. J., Udoh, (2016) - Literature on NPLs definition is so varied, resulting to changes in NPLs levels within individual countries rather than a group. The empirical analyses revealed that, bilateral Granger causality existed between loans and advances granted to agricultural sector and non-performing loans in Nigeria. Keywords: banking; economy; gdp; growth; loans; nigeria; npls; rate; run; sector; study; system; variables
• Economy and empirical research perspectives towards Artificial Intelligence: A deep dive investigative exploration analysis by Akhtar, Zarif Bin ; Rawol, Ahmed Tajbiul (2024) - The focus on agent-based computational economics underscores the shift from single-agent models in traditional AI research to multi-agent interactions that reflect real-world economic systems. The methodology of economic research relies on both theoretical and empirical approaches, with significant sub-disciplines and techniques used to build and test economic theories. Keywords: analysis; approach; artificial; data; economic; economies; economy; et al; growth; impact; insights; intelligence; journal; knowledge; labor; market; methods; models; policy; potential; research; studies; study; systems; theory
• Analysis and empirical study on the influencing factors of the tourism economy in Hunan Province by Wen, Lei (2025) - brand, brand figure, and the formation of a large-scale production of tourism products by actively cultivating a variety of special local products for the tourism industry, including handicrafts, food, books, audio and video products, and other consumer goods, in combination with the distinctive features of Hunan tourism. Implementation and evaluation of tourism industry: Evidentiary case study of night market development in Taiwan. Keywords: analysis; china; data; development; economy; factor; growth; hunan; income; industry; journal; online; province; research; sector; study; table; tourism; tourism industry; variables
• Modelling asymetric response of stock market volatility to monetary policy: Empirical evidence from Nigeria by Suwaid, Zainab Said ; Omotayo, Lawal Wasiu (2025) - The evidence are in favour of their hypothesis that stock prices invariably increase following a change in monetary policy regime. 40 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Economy Vol. 12, No. 2, 40-50, 2025 ISSN(E) 2313-8181: / ISSN(P) 2518-0118: DOI: 10.20448/economy.v12i2.6779 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Modelling asymetric response of stock market volatility to monetary policy: Empirical evidence from Nigeria Zainab Said Suwaid1 Lawal Wasiu Omotayo2 ( Corresponding Author) Keywords: economic; economy; journal; market; market volatility; model; nigeria; policy; prices; rate; regime; state; stock; stock market; study; volatility
• Recession worries and management in America: Do’s and don’ts for workers, jobs, leaders, and organizations to go into economic downturns with open eyes by Mujtaba, Bahaudin G. ; Parrino, Rochelle (2025) - What do we know about the impact of economic recessions on mortality inequalities? Recession vulnerable industries. Keywords: authors; business; challenges; companies; demand; economic; economy; employees; focus; group; impact; industries; industry; jobs; journal; managers; mujtaba; online; opportunities; organizations; people; publishing; recession; skills; workers
• Industrialization and economic growth in Nigeria, 1990 – 2024 by Florence, Anibuko, Chinenye; Otto, Godly (2025) - The conceptual clarifications revolve around the meaning of industrialization, the drivers of industrial sector growth, which include the manufacturing sector, the agricultural sector, energy supply, the labour market, and a sustained exchange rate. b. Mining sub-sector output should have a positive relationship with RGDP growth rate, i.e., β2 > 0. Keywords: development; economy; effect; electricity; growth; industrialization; journal; manufacturing; mining; model; nigeria; output; rate; sector; study; sub; supply
• Entrepreneurship, inclusive growth and poverty reduction in Nigeria by Ezeanyanwu, Benedict Okeke; Maduka, Anne Chinonye; Ogwu, Stephen Obinozie; Ugwunna, Ogochukwu Theresa (2025) - Conversely, however, inclusive growth (LIG) has a strong negative impact on poverty, with a value of -4.9047, and each unit increase in inclusive growth lowers poverty by roughly 5%. The findings will provide policymakers with concrete data for formulating effective policies to promote inclusive economic growth and reduce poverty in Nigeria. Keywords: alleviation; development; economic; economy; entrepreneurship; government; growth; inequality; journal; nigeria; poverty; poverty reduction; study; variables
• The analysis of the economic relationship between China and Australia by Huang, Wenwei (2025) - Australia–China economic relations: A lesson for the U.S., not a threat. Economic and emission impact of Australia–China trade disruption: Implication for regional economic integration. Keywords: albanese; australia; china; economic; economy; energy; exports; government; investment; journal; nations; relationship; tensions; trade
• Cluster Development in a Transforming Economy: The Case of Motorcycle Spare Parts Firms in Nnewi, Anambra State of Nigeria by Agbanike, Tobechi F.; Osigwe, Augustine C.; Yuni, Denis N.; Onoja, Thank-God C.; Okwor, Sunday A. (2019) - Industrial cluster development and its contribution to economic growth in Taiwan - Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park. Previous studies have examined the effects of industrial clusters on the Nigerian economy (see for example, (Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, 2001; Uzor, 2004; Abiola, 2006; Amakom, 2006; Iwuagwu, 2011)). Keywords: capital; cluster; cluster development; development; dummy; economic; economy; firms; growth; industrial; motorcycle; nigeria; nnewi; parts; parts cluster; profit; sales; state; study

• An Analysis of the Relationship among Economic Growth, External Debt and Exports in India (1970-2018) by Nath, Smita (2020) - Kaushik and Klein (2008) found a long term relationship among export growth, export instability, investment and economic growth in case of India during 1971-2005 and a unidirectional Granger causality running from real exports to real GDP. Export growth, export instability, investment and economic growth in India: Keywords: countries; debt; economic; exports; gdp; granger; growth; journal; model; relationship; results; run
• Nutrition for Pre-school Children in Africa and Asia: A Review Analysis on the Economic Impact of Children’s Malnutrition by OKOLO, Chukwuemeka Valentine; OKOLO, Bartholomew Onyekachi; ANIKA, Nneka Nancy (2021) - However, above and beyond mortality factors, the importance of health and diet to sustain child development and educational success is increasingly recognized (Bundy & Guyatt, 1996; van den Heuvel et al., 2013). In a 2017 survey, the costs of not growing child development in the form of mandatory pre-school and home visits are substantial and may minimize stunting to more than 10 per cent of GDP (Richter et al., 2017). Keywords: africa; age; children; countries; development; growth; health; malnutrition; nutrition; overweight; pre; school; stunting; world
• Revisiting the Relationship between Poverty and Environmental Sustainability in Sub-Saharan African Countries using Dynamic Econometric Models by Mensah, Owusu Samuel; Jianlin, Chen; Chuambo, Fu; Qio, Hu (2021) - This study assembles a collection of four sophisticated econometric models to determine the impact of poverty and other variables on two indicators of environmental sustainability. The study further discloses that poverty is one of the strongest factors that affect environmental sustainability. Keywords: africa; countries; development; environment; growth; journal; pollution; poverty; quality; results; study; sub; sustainability; test; variables; world
• Does Terms of Trade Matter for Economic Growth? A Focus on Natural Resource-Rich Sub-Saharan African Countries by Chile, Nzeh Innocent; Uzoechina, Benedict I; Eze, Millicent Adanne; Imoagwu, Chika P; Nwamaka, Ozoh Joan (2021) - Analyzing the terms of trade effect for Pakistan. Fixed effects model also assumes that those time- invariant features are unique to the individual entity and should not be correlated with other individual characteristics. Keywords: countries; economic; effects; export; gdp; growth; model; period; results; study; terms; trade
• Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth: The Scenario of the MINT Economies by Duru, Innocent U (2021) - Abstract This study investigated the impact of trade liberalization on economic growth for Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey from 1986 to 2020. The no causality results for Mexico and Indonesia means that the policy objectives of trade liberalization and economic growth can be pursued independently in both economies. Keywords: economic; economies; growth; impact; indonesia; journal; mexico; mint; nigeria; openness; results; run; test; trade; trade liberalization; trade openness; turkey
• The Impact of Physical and Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Developing and Developed Countries: A Comparative Panel Data Approach by Joshua, Olusola Olalekan (2016) - The reverse is the case for developed countries with this had positive and significant effect on GDP in almost all the model specifications. Infrastructure and innovation technology prove positive and significant in developing countries while they were not significant in developed countries which may be due to catching up effect through technology externalities and knowledge spillover. Keywords: capital; countries; data; development; economic; education; effects; formation; gdp; growth; health; human; index; infrastructure; investment; journal; model; panel; region; research; results; school
• Moderating role of population growth rate on remittance-growth nexus in Nigeria by EZE, Afamefuna Angus; ANYAMADU, Stephen Okechukwu; CHINANUIFE, Emmanuel; ESOMNOFU, Chiedozie; Anakwue, Esther Chioma (2025) - Abstract There has been debate about whether the population growth rate and remittance impacts are beneficial or detrimental to economic growth and whether population growth has any moderating role in the remittance-growth nexus. Keywords: ARDL technique, economic growth, population growth, remittances, ECM, Granger causality. Keywords: analysis; development; growth; growth rate; impact; journal; nigeria; population growth; rate; remittances; run; study; test; variables
• Revisiting the growth–environment nexus in China: The role of institutions, energy use, and ecological stress by Çelik, Büşra Ağan (2025) - Enhancing enforcement mechanisms, increasing institutional transparency, and ensuring uniform application of environmental laws across provinces will be critical for achieving policy credibility. In the long run, the absence of significant relationships between energy consumption, ecological footprint, trade openness, rule of law, and income level diverges from several studies that reported persistent environmental effects on GDP. Keywords: ardl; china; consumption; energy; footprint; growth; institutional; openness; run; study; term; trade; variables
• Effects of macroeconomic variables on unemployment in Kenya by Anyango, Penina; Ombok, Maurice; Troon, Benedict; Maokomba, Christopher (2025) - Unemployment rates were obtained from the World Bank Development Indicators database, while data on economic growth, lending rates and government expenditure were sourced from the annual Economic Survey reports published by the Kenya Economy, 2025, 12(2): 146-155 151 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). Economic growth rate Lending rate Development expenditure VAT Unemployment rate Minimum -0.200 -3.000 9076 14.00 2.650 Maximum 7.600 31.500 133655 18.00 5.707 Mean 3.847 10.380 239682 16.35 3.352 Median 4.650 8.720 625780 16.00 2.855 Standard deviation 2.208 7.799 1.460 1.041 1.054 The analyzed variables displayed a wide range of volatility, with VAT and unemployment rates remaining relatively stable while commercial lending rates were highly volatile. Keywords: data; effect; expenditure; growth; journal; kenya; model; period; rate; regime; study; unemployment; unemployment rate; vat

• Examining the Economic Impact of the Migration of Skilled Labour from the Northern Parts of Ghana into the Ashanti Region of Ghana by Boachie, Williams Kwasi (2014) - This paper is focused on the socio-economic analysis on skilled labour migration from the northern parts of Ghana into the Ashanti Region of Ghana and its impact on the region. This is one of the main contributions of skilled labour migration on the source areas because when the migrants return to their areas of origin in the northern parts of Ghana, many of them could find jobs in factories and other companies where they could impact the experience gained on these areas. Keywords: areas; economic; ghana; kumasi; labour; migrants; migration; respondents; study
• Term Structure of Interest Rates under Zero or Low Bound: The Recent Japanese Case by Kurihara, Yutaka (2016) - Conclusions This study examined the term structure of interest rates in Japan during the era of zero or low interest rate policy and the era of quantitative easing policy. Abstract This article examines the recent term structure of interest rates in Japan. Keywords: economic; interest; low; policy; rates; structure; term; yield
• A Measurement of Annual GDP Performance of the 162 WTO Members between 1989-2001 and 2002-2014 by Bayham, Alan (2016) - Discussion regarding the data, WTO membership, and external trade networks is included, and the article incorporates an analysis effective austerity measures, lack of diversification, and membership in trade and political organizations, which have led to both positive and negative outcomes in relation to annual GDP mean economic performance for WTO member nations over the two time periods measured. Analysis regarding the annual GDP mean performance concludes that the WTO has promoted world trade throughout the world, and this has directly resulted in an increase of annual GDP mean performance by 29% over the two time periods studied for WTO member nations. Keywords: countries; data; economic; gdp data; gdp mean; gdp performance; mean performance; member; member nations; nations; period; time; trade; world; wto; wto member
• An Analysis of the Economic Performance between Nations that made up the 2004 Enlargement of the EU by Bayham, Alan (2016) - The percentage of change for the entire group of EU nations shown was 70%, which represents a dramatic annual GDP mean performance contraction in all longtime member nations, member nations who were accepted in the 80s, member nations who were accepted in the 90s. The goal of the EU in establishing the Eurozone in 1999 and the ECB in 2002 was to help bring down inflation within the union, increase the integration of EU member nations, and to gain support by large corporations as a result of exchange-rate stability through the adoption of a single currency. Keywords: crisis; economic; eu nations; eurozone; gdp mean; mean performance; member nations; nations; time
• Economic complexity in Africa: The role of trade and governance institutions by Ojonta, Obed Ifeanyichukwu; Ogbuabor, Jonathan Emenike (2025) - Abstract It is evident that the role of trade and governance institutions in enhancing economic complexity in Africa is still under serious debate regarding whether it is detrimental or beneficial to economic growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate how trade and governance institutions influence economic complexity in Africa using a system Generalized Method of Moments (system GMM) and 31 African economies for the period 2011-2020. Keywords: africa; capital; complexity; development; economic; economies; governance; human; institutions; international; journal; quality; study; tourism; trade; world

• Perceived Challenges and Strategies towards the Attainments of Sustainable Development Goal Three (SDG 3): Evidence from Irewole and Isokan Local Government Areas of Osun State, Nigeria by Olayemi, Aransi, Waliyi (2020) - Items Mean S.D Inadequate financial resources towards health care services 3.25 0.72 Weak personnel management capacity which usually leads to brain drain among health workers 2.89 0.67 Inadequate supervision and evaluation of the health programs or projects 1.50 0.19 Inadequate involvement of members of the community in the planning process and mobilization of the people towards health projects 3.76 0.88 Lack of adequate land space for building capital projects for health care delivery. 3.27 0.76 Provision of adequate land space for health projects. Keywords: challenges; community; development; goals; government; health; implementation; journal; nigeria; programs; projects; research; respondents; study
• Growing Demand for Biofuel and its Impact on Sustainable Rural Development in Nigeria by Kim, Idoma; Isma’il, Muhammad (2014) - Furthermore, bioenergy is regarded by some to be a potentially important contributor towards the economic development of rural areas, and a means of poverty alleviation via the generation of employment and incomes i.e. linking biofuel development directly or indirectly with multiple Millennium Development Goals (FAO, 2005b; Kammen, 2006). Ensuring environmentally, economically and socially sustainable biofuel production requires policy action in the following broad areas: • protecting the poor and food-insecurity; • taking advantage of opportunities for agricultural and rural development; • ensuring environmental sustainability; • reviewing existing biofuel policies; • making the international system supportive of sustainable biofuel development. Keywords: bioenergy; biofuel; countries; development; energy; fao; food; production
• Basic Food and Health Security: A Cross Country Look by DiPietro, William R. (2014) - The purpose of this paper is to consider some of the reasons that may account for differences in food security, health security, and general social security across countries. The fourth section presents, discusses, and analyzes the results of cross country regressions that look at food security, health security, and overall social security. Keywords: democracy; development; food; index; level; needs; security; variables
• Policy-Making Considerations for Ethical and Sustainable Economic Development by Senathip, Tipakorn; Mujtaba, Bahaudin G.; Cavico, Frank J. (2017) - According to Rissmiller (2000) many writers and researchers have analyzed the concept of public policy; and as such they have reflected upon and asked how we can understand the “incredibly complex” process of policy change. Easton's work has been influential in that systems analysis has been identified as one of a handful of primary approaches to the study of political science and public policy (Susser, 1992; Anderson, 1997; Dye, 1998; Rissmiller, 2000). Keywords: action; cavico; development; ethics; leaders; making; mujtaba; policy; public; society; study; sustainability
• Determining Issues of the Economic Essence and Methodology of Foresight by Qoqiauri, Lamara; Qoqiauri, Nino (2018) - Three eras of technology foresight. The handbook of technology foresight. Keywords: analysis; development; forecasting; foresight; future; methodology; methods; technologies; technology; trends
• Towards the development of the tourism sector in Palestine: Challenges and recommendations by Hinnawi, Ahd ; Zarirah, Nurul (2025) - The axes of obstacles and challenges facing Palestinian tourism sector and the relationship between them. Palestinian tourism has strong potential but is hindered by political, economic, and marketing barriers. Keywords: awareness; challenges; development; heritage; international; journal; lack; marketing; obstacles; occupation; palestine; palestinian; sites; study; tourism; tourism sector
• Internal corporate social responsibility and employees’ performance of selected deposit money banks in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria by Israel, ANTHONY Kolawole ; Taiwo, AKINOLA Emmanuel ; Joseph, OBAMOYEGUN Oluwaponmile ; Rufus, OZIEGBE Tope ; Akinrinola, AKINTUNDE Samuel (2025) - Results showed that all ICSR variables significantly and positively influence employee performance, with empowerment having the strongest effect and employment stability the least. Keywords: Deposit money banks, Employee performance, Employment stability, Employment stability, Empowerment, Internal corporate social responsibility, Skill development. Keywords: banks; csr; development; effect; employee; employee performance; journal; outcomes; performance; responsibility; skill; study

• Macroeconomic Policies and Stock Market Liquidity: Evidence from Nigeria by Onyele, Kingsley Onyekachi; Ikwuagwu, Eberechi B.; Onyekachi-Onyele, Charity (2020) - On the other hand, through the impact of fiscal policy instruments on components of monetary policy, especially the discount rate (monetary policy rate). Hence, given that fiscal policy according to Alade (2017) has three major components, that is, government collected tax revenue, public expenditures and government debt, while Ukeje (2012) also indicated that monetary policy is transmitted through the discount rate (monetary policy rate) as well as monetary authority’s prescriptions of cash reserve ratio and liquidity ratio of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Keywords: government; journal; liquidity; long; market; policies; policy; rate; ratio; run; stock; stock market; turnover; variables
• Socioeconomic Status Measurement: An Analysis of Incorporation of Mixed Variables into Principal Component Approach by Dewan, Md. Nayem; Khan, Noor Muhammad; Rahman, PK. Md. Motiur (2020) - They include: 1) non-poor: where household wealth condition remains above the poverty line for 5 years. 2) ascending poor: where household wealth condition was below the poverty line 5 years ago but is now above poverty. Keywords: analysis; data; household; percent; poverty; study; transition; variables; wealth
• Fundamental factors and stock price volatility of listed banking firms in Nigeria by Edet, INIM Victor ; Abdulrazak, MOHAMMED; FRANK, Bassey Ime (2023) - This coefficient expresses how much of the entire fluctuation in bank share prices can be accounted for by the explanatory factors used. It becomes expedient to consider the interdependence between stock market prices and company fundamentals. Keywords: banks; interest; market; nigeria; prices; return; roa; roe; share; stock; stock prices; study; variables
• Political Instability and the Effectiveness of Economic Policies: The Case of Thailand from 1993-2013 by Leightner, Jonathan E.; Inoue, Tomoo (2014) - Fortunately, Leightner (2015) has developed a regression procedure that produces unbiased estimates that capture the influence of omitted variables without having to identify, quantify, find proxies for, or model the influence of these important, but omitted variables. Keywords: Fiscal policy, Monetary policy, Trade policy, Thailand, Omitted variables. Keywords: baht; data; dgdp; figure; leightner; quarter; reserves; slope; thailand; thaksin; variables
• An Econometric Investigation of the Determinants of Fossil Fuel Consumption: A Multivariate Approach for Ghana by Asuamah, Samuel Yeboah; Ohene-Manu, Joseph (2015) - Price asymmetry in energy demand models: A proxy for energy-saving technical change? In order to achieve the General objective, the researcher specifically: (b) Examine the unit root properties of the series variables (c) Estimate and analyse the determinants of fossil fuel energy consumption using Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). Keywords: consumption; demand; energy; fossil; fuel; model; results; run; series; stationary; test; time; variables
• The Battle of Sugar Imports and Domestic Sugar Production in Nigeria: Roles of Political, Policies, and Economic Environments by Akpan, Sunday B.; Emmanuel, Glory E.; Patrick, Inimfon V. (2015) - The study examined roles of political and economic environments on sugar import demand from 1965 to 2014 in Nigeria. The long-run and short-run elasticity of sugar import demand were determined using techniques of co-integration and error correction models. Keywords: country; demand; import; import demand; nigeria; period; production; rate; relationship; result; run; sugar; sugar import; test; variables
• Effect of Poultry Production on Agricultural Production in Nigeria by Brown, Ewubare, Dennis; Vivian, Ozar, (2018) - The functional specification of the relationship between agricultural output (APO) and the measures of poultry production such as stock of poultry birds (POB), eggs production (EPO) and poultry meat production (PMP) is as follows: APO = f (POB, EPO, PMP) (3.4) Abstract This study examined the effects of poultry production on agricultural output in Nigeria. Keywords: agricultural; analysis; birds; farmers; meat; model; nigeria; output; poultry; poultry production; production; statistics; study; test; variables; view
• Determinants of Africa - BRIC Countries Bilateral Trade Flows by Mbogela, Cosmas S. (2018) - The paper highlights some important truths, African countries where most of this bilateral trade with BRIC is concentrated includes those countries which are rich in natural resources, and in most cases they are the same with higher GDP per capita among the African countries. This paper examines the determinants of trade flows of African countries with the emerging trading partners to Africa, namely Brazil, Russia, India and China (the BRIC ). Keywords: african; bric; cent; countries; country; data; estimation; exports; flows; gravity; international; journal; land; model; rate; results; time; trade; trade flows; trading; variables
• Multivariate GARCH estimations of volatility spillover amongst oil prices, exchange rates and news-based uncertainty in the CEE - 3 countries by Umoru, David ; Aliu, Timothy Igbafe ; Umar, Shehu S. ; Igbinovia, Beauty (2025) - Does uncertainty promote exchange rate volatility? Exchange rate volatility and trade flows: The Nigerian experience. Keywords: authors; coefficient; countries; eur; exchange; garch; news; oil; price; rate; uncertainty; value; variables; volatility

• Monetary Policy Changes and Inflationary Pressure in Nigeria by Duhu, Isiwu George; Chike, Azike Lawrence; Chukwuemeka, Ngwu Jerome (2020) - Annual time series data on changes in inflation rate, broad money supply, net domestic credit, monetary policy rate, real GDP growth rate (real output) and exchange rate were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, 2018 issue. The study modeled inflation rate as a function of monetary policy rate (MPR), treasury bills rate (TBR), savings rate (SR), prime lending rate (PLR), maximum lending rate (MLR), growth of narrow money (M1), broad money (M2), net domestic credit (NDC), net credit to government (NCG) and credit to private sector (CPS). Keywords: changes; impact; inflation; money; nigeria; output; period; policy; rate; run; supply; test
• Foreign exchange fluctuations on the performance of agricultural export in Nigeria by Sylvanus, Udoh Francis ; Edet, Inim Victor ; Lynda, Ityav, Doofan (2023) - The F-statistic value of 3.793283, which is greater than the lower (I(0)) and upper bound (I(1)) critical values of 2.39 and 3.38, respectively, and also at the 5% significant level, revealed the existence of a co-integrating connection between foreign exchange rates and AGCU. Finally, the F-statistic value of 15.31406 is greater than the lower (I(0)) and upper bound (I(1)) critical values of 2.39 and 3.38 respectively at the 5% significant level, providing evidence of a co-integrating relationship between foreign exchange rates and AGVA. Keywords: effect; exchange; exchange fluctuation; exchange rate; export; fluctuation; model; nigeria; performance; rate; study; test; value
• Interest Rate Derivatives in India: Challenges and Opportunities by Mishra, P. K.; Mishra, S. K. (2014) - The most important problem in Indian interest rate derivatives market is the predominance of homogeneous opinion of the participants that hold back liquidity particularly in the futures market. Thus, derivatives market now plays an important role in giving a proper shape and position to the risk management system while addressing different types of risk such as credit risk, operational risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, price risk, and foreign exchange risk, etc (Srivastava and Srivastava, 2010). Keywords: derivatives; india; interest; market; rate; risk
• The Demand for Money: Recent Japanese Case by Kurihara, Yutaka (2014) - In Japan, low or almost interest rates has been prevailed and there has been a strong demand for Japanese government bond, so there is possibility that money demand has been changed and been apart from traditional one. In Japan, low or almost interest rates to combat deflationary pressure has been ongoing from the end of 1990s, also, exchange rates against main foreign currencies and stock prices have fluctuated largely, and there has been a strong demand for Japanese government bond, so there is possibility that money demand has been changed dramatically and has been a different one from a traditional one. Keywords: boj; demand; exchange; interest; money; policy; rate
• The Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on the Inflow of Remittance in Bangladesh by Mahtab, Naheem (2015) - The major source of remittance inflow in Bangladesh is the from the Middle Eastern countries. El-Sakka and McNabb (1999) analyze the determinants of remittances inflows into Egypt between 1967 and 1991. Keywords: country; exchange; exchange rate; home; income; inflation; inflow; interest; interest rate; rate; relationship; remittances; research; study
• On The J-Curve Theory: The Literature and Further Proposed Improvements by Mail, Dhakir Abbas Ali; Mail, Fuadah Johari; Mail, Mohammad Haji Alias (2015) - Previous literature and studies on the exchange rate movements on the J-Curve theory to achieved understanding of the effects of exchange rate movements on trade balance substantially which undergone several stages of improvement was gathered within period of 1973 – 2013. The study highlights the need for comprehensive studies assessing the overall effect of exchange rate depreciation on trade balance for one country and all of its major trade partners discretely on disaggregated level, i.e. the sector or commodity-level of trade. Keywords: bahmani; balance; curve; data; exchange; rate; run; trade; trade balance
• The Effects of Inflation and its Risk on Interest Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Nigeria by C. G, Amaefula (2016) - And the variables are defined using first difference of natural logarithm of present and previous values of each variable multiplied by 100 and are presented as follows; Inflation rate is defined as 100log 1        t t t CPI CPI ifr , interest rate is defined as 100log 1        t t t DR DR itr . The negative effect of inflation rate on interest rate is an indication of indirect relationship between the two variables. Keywords: inflation; interest; model; nigeria; rate; relationship; result; risk

• Does an External Governance Framework Enhance the Performance of Pakistan's Banking Sectors? Foreign Ownership as Moderator by Ali, Shoaib; Naveed, Hafiz Muhammad; Khaliq, Abubakar (2020) - Corporate governance has the function of offering an assurance that managers are working to boost the returns of shareholders. This study analysis defines the connotation of corporate governance and the performance of banking institutions. Keywords: auditors; banking; banks; data; effect; governance; journal; model; ownership; pakistan; performance; pms; research; study; transparency
• The structural transformation of territories and the climate governance of an urban area: The mediating role of human capital in adaptation processes by Bari, Ahmed Ait ; Amzil, Mustapha ; Mazzaourou, Abdeljalil; Agouram, Jamal (2023) - This study addresses the question: Can territorial climate governance contribute to the structural transformation of Agadir city? Through our research, we have contributed to understanding the role of territorial climate governance and human capital in driving transformative processes in Agadir City. Keywords: actors; agadir; capital; climate; climate governance; governance; model; research; study; territory; transformation

• Composition and Working of the Sharia Supervisory Boards in Bahrain’s Islamic Banks by Kasi, Bhartesh Ramprakash; Mahmood, Najdat (2019) - Sharia governance in Islamic banks: Effectiveness and supervision model. Keywords: Islamic banks, Islamic finance, Sharia board, Sharia supervisory board, Sharia scholar, Bahrain. Keywords: banks; board; countries; finance; financial; governance; islamic; journal; members; sharia; ssb; study
• Inflow and Outflow of Foreign Direct Investments in BRICS Countries - An Analysis by Veni, L. Krishna (2020) - This paper analyses the impact of FDI outflows on the GDP of BRICS countries. Impact of FDI outflows on GDP of BRICS countries. Keywords: brics; china; countries; fdi; india; inflow; study
• An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Foreign Remittances on Poverty in Developing Countries by Hossain, Mohammad Imran (2015) - This is indicative of the fact that in developing countries remittances have a stronger impact on poverty reduction if they are above the threshold of 2% of GDP. It can be inferred here that countries with higher remittances in the initial year, possibly indicating a higher migrant stock, have higher remittances. Keywords: countries; gap; gdp; impact; poverty; remittances; world

• Impact of Remuneration on Motivation: A Study of Acwell Engineering (PVT) LTD Sri Lanka by ManieshiFonseka, Thiththalapitige Natasha (2019) - Moreover the degree of association between remuneration methods and employee motivation is quiet low. At the same time Van Zyl et al. (2010) also proven that when the gaps between employee remuneration is regularly proliferating, then it would ultimately enhance the gap and convert the positive relationship between employees’ performance and remuneration into negatives. Keywords: acwell; data; employees; engineering; ltd; methods; motivation; pvt; remuneration; remuneration methods; salary

• Urban Poverty and its Determinants in Debre Markos City: A Household Level Analysis by Biyena, Debeli Chala; Beyene, Endegena Asmamaw (2019) - Abstract This study is aimed at examining the extent of urban household poverty using the FGT approach and the national poverty line as a reference. 74 References .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 74 http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.20448/journal.502.2019.62.65.75&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2017-01-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://www.asianonlinejournals.com/index.php/Economy/article/view/1137 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-9250 https://www.asianonlinejournals.com/index.php/Economy/article/view/1137 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-9250 https://www.asianonlinejournals.com/index.php/Economy/article/view/1137 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-9250 Economy, 2019, 6(2): 65-75 66 © 2019 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Contribution of this paper to the literature This study contributes to existing literature by examining the extent of urban household poverty using the FGT approach and the national poverty line as a reference. Keywords: area; city; ethiopia; family; households; incidence; income; level; non; percent; poverty; status; study; total; water
• Managerial Optimism Level, Board of Directors Efficiency and Debt Decision in Tunisian Companies by Azouzi, Mohamed Ali (2020) - More specifically, it examines the links between managerial optimism level, debt decision and board of director’s efficiency. In this article, we try to develop some testable predictions in order to give some logical answers, even partial answer for the following question: Can manager optimism affect board efficiency and debt decision? Keywords: board; capital; ceo; choice; company; control; debt; decision; directors; journal; leader; level; optimism
• Food Security in Urban Households: The Role of Women in an Asian Context by Kalansooriya, C.W.; Gunasekara, W. G. V.; Jayarathne, P. G. S. A. (2020) - Given this context, this study tries to analyse the role of urban women in assuring household food security by exploring the context of South Asia. Although women’s income contributes to a positive change in household food security, there is also a downside to this. Keywords: education; female; food; food security; hdds; household; household food; income; level; security; sri; study; women
• The Influence of Demographic Factors on Investment Behaviour of Individual Investors: A Case Study of Edo State, Nigeria by Ezekiel, Agbo,; Oshoke, Abu, Prince (2020) - Information on the nature of the relationship between demographic factors and individual investment behaviour will be of immense use to individual investors, financial experts, brokers and investment firms. Many studies on this aspect has judiciously made use of behavioural finance to analyze the behavioural pattern of investor’s behaviour and specifically generalized assertions based on the cognitive and heuristic factors that affect individual investment behaviour. Keywords: behaviour; experience; factors; individual; influence; information; investment; investors; journal; level; respondents; risk; study
• Technical Efficiency of Sorghum Production in Garu District of the Upper East Region, Ghana by Sienso, Gifty; Ishmael, ohammed; Lambongang, Munkaila (2021) - Technical efficiency varied widely among sorghum farmers, ranging from 16.14% to 99.11% with a mean technical efficiency of 88.92%. The stochastic frontier production function was employed to estimate the skill of sorghum farmers to use the least possible quantity of inputs under a given technology to produce a greater level of output. Keywords: access; coefficient; district; efficiency; extension; farmers; ghana; journal; level; production; size; sorghum; sorghum production; study
• Resource-Use Efficiency and Firm Performance in Nigeria’s Manufacturing Industry by Joseph, Dahunsi Olusola ; Rosemary, Soetan, Olufunmilayo (2022) - Technical efficiency of manufacturing firms in Cameroon: sources and determinants. Abstract The study investigated the existence of technical efficiency among manufacturing firms and examine its effects on firm performance in Nigeria using firm level data between 2001 and 2017. Keywords: efficiency; firms; frontier; industry; level; manufacturing; nigeria; performance; production; stochastic; study; use
• Education and Livelihood in Ghana: Evidence from Instrumental Variable Analysis by OSEI-GYEBI, Samuel (2022) - Second, we estimate the effect of education on the consumption expenditure of poor individuals in Ghana. The income and consumption of poor individuals were significantly lower than those who are better off. Keywords: consumption; education; effect; expenditure; ghana; individuals; level; livelihood; poverty; schooling; status; variable

• The Performance of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in the Fight against Corruption in Nigeria: A Critical Appraisal by Rex, Obiwuru Chidera (2020) - Nigeria‟s EFCC EFCC boss magu avoids question on Tinubu‟s Bullion Van. Keywords: agency; commission; corruption; country; crimes; efcc; government; group; journal; nigeria; pulse.ng; scam
• Role of digital tax platforms adoption in enhancing revenue generation and capital projects funding in emerging markets by DAGUNDURO, Muyiwa Emmanuel ; FALANA, Gbenga Ayodele ; AKINADEWO, Israel S. ; OLUWAGBADE, Oluyinka Isaiah ; AKINBOBOYE, Gbenga Olanrewaju (2025) - This paper contributes to the existing literature by assessing the effectiveness of digital tax platforms in enhancing tax compliance, increasing tax revenue, and improving capital project funding in Nigeria. This paper assessed the effectiveness of digital tax platforms, specifically electronic tax filing, automated tax payment systems, and blockchain-based tax solutions on revenue generation and capital projects funding in Nigeria. Keywords: blockchain; capital; compliance; digital; funding; generation; government; journal; nigeria; projects; public; revenue; revenue generation; study; systems; tax; tax platforms; tax revenue; technology

• Behind the Volatility of Beef Price in Indonesia by Antara, Made; Sumarniash, Made Sri (2019) - The development of beef production in the last five years has tended to decline, this has something to do with the increasing increase in beef prices. What's behind the turmoil of beef prices. Keywords: beef; business; cartel; cattle; consumption; increase; indonesia; market; meat; population; price; production
• Evaluating Vietnam-Germany trade in the context of the EVFTA: A trade indicator approach by Trang, Nguyen Minh; Ha, Nguyen Thi Thu (2025) - Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Economics, 34(2), 70–83. 120 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Economy Vol. 12, No. 2, 120-129, 2025 ISSN(E) 2313-8181/ ISSN(P) 2518-0118 DOI: 10.20448/economy.v12i2.7421 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Evaluating Vietnam-Germany trade in the context of the EVFTA: A trade indicator approach Nguyen Minh Trang1 Nguyen Thi Thu Ha2 (Corresponding Author) 1,2Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam. Keywords: agreement; brca; evfta; export; germany; germany trade; group; index; journal; market; products; sectors; trade; vietnam
• Safe haven or risky bet? A study of gold prices during Indian stock market volatility by Bhunia, Amalendu; Das, Amit (2025) - Given India’s cultural and economic attachment to gold, this study explored the dynamic relationship between gold prices and stock market fluctuations, particularly during times of financial uncertainty. Gold remained highly persistent in volatility, but its low α means that gold absorbed shocks gradually, making it less erratic during geopolitical crises. Keywords: correlation; crisis; garch; gold; haven; hedge; india; market; periods; stock; volatility

• The BRICS and Nigeria’s Economic Performance: A Trade Intensity Analysis by Ekor, Maxwell; Adeniyi, Oluwatosin; Saka, Jimoh (2014) - The outcome of the vector autoregressive analysis indicated that Nigeria’s gross domestic product (GDP) reverts faster to equilibrium when there is a shock to exports to and imports from Brazil, as against Nigeria exports to and imports from the other BRICS countries. Economy ISSN: 2313-8181 Vol. 1, No. 2, 37-53, 2014 www.asianonlinejournals.com/index.php/Economy 37 The BRICS and Nigeria’s Economic Performance: A Trade Intensity Analysis Maxwell Ekor 1 --- Oluwatosin Adeniyi 2 --- Jimoh Saka 3 1 Preston Consults Limited, Abuja, Nigeria 2 Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 3 Department of Economics, Lagos State University, Nigeria Keywords: exports; gdp; imports; nigeria; response; shock; south africa; trade
• Ethiopia and the BRICS: An Assessment of Trade and Investment Flows by Ekor, Maxwell; Adeniyi, Oluwatosin; Saka, Jimoh (2015) - Main Brazil’s FDI Investment in Africa Source: World Bank (2012) 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 Brazil Russia India China South Africa 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 Brazil Russia India China South Africa 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Angola 265 18 22 24 17 20 73 58 124 South Africa 8 0 2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 US $ m illi on Economy, 2015, 2(1): 1-9 6 Fig-11. First, given that Ethiopia is considered as one of the recent success stories in Africa, the BRICS in general and South Africa in particular may explore areas of potential benefits by improving bilateral economic relationship with the country. Keywords: africa; brics; ethiopia; gdp; trade

• Median Regression Analysis of Gender-wise Income Gap in Punjab, Pakistan by Aslam, Muhammad; Saeed, Arslan; Altaf, Saima (2014) - The median of monthly income is found to be Rs. 6,000. In other words, 50% of the male workers with the above stated characteristics will have monthly income more than Rs. Keywords: income; median; pakistan; person; punjab; quantile; regression
• Willingness to Pay for Preserving National Park Biodiversity: A Case Study by Bhat, Mohammad Younus; Sinha, Apra (2016) - In addition to their ecological functions, national parks can be used as ecotourism sites for recreational gains which will positively contribute to national income, simultaneously society around the area of national park can obtain economic advantages. Publisher: Asian Online Journal Publishing Group http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.20448/journal.502/2016.3.2/502.2.102.107 https://orcid.org/orcid-search/quick-search?searchQuery=Mohammad Younus Bhat https://orcid.org/orcid-search/quick-search?searchQuery=Apra Sinha http://search.crossref.org/?q=10.20448/journal.502/2016.3.2/502.2.102.107 http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.20448/journal.502/2016.3.2/502.2.102.107 https://orcid.org/orcid-search/quick-search?searchQuery=Mohammad Younus Bhat https://orcid.org/orcid-search/quick-search?searchQuery=Apra Sinha http://search.crossref.org/?q=10.20448/journal.502/2016.3.2/502.2.102.107 http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.20448/journal.502/2016.3.2/502.2.102.107 https://orcid.org/orcid-search/quick-search?searchQuery=Mohammad Younus Bhat https://orcid.org/orcid-search/quick-search?searchQuery=Apra Sinha http://search.crossref.org/?q=10.20448/journal.502/2016.3.2/502.2.102.107 http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.20448/journal.502/2016.3.2/502.2.102.107 https://orcid.org/orcid-search/quick-search?searchQuery=Mohammad Younus Bhat https://orcid.org/orcid-search/quick-search?searchQuery=Apra Sinha http://search.crossref.org/?q=10.20448/journal.502/2016.3.2/502.2.102.107 Economy, 2016, 3(2): 102-107 103 1. Introduction International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) defines national park as ― a place where the ecosystem is not materially altered by human exploitation and occupation, where the park is protected by the highest competent authority of the country and where visitors are allowed for inspirational, educative, cultural and recreational purposes‖ (Dobson, 1996). Keywords: benefits; conservation; contingent; dachigam; income; national; park; study; valuation; view; willingness; wtp
• Responsiveness of the Indian Tax System: A Time Series Analysis from 1990 to 2010 by Patnaik, Debasis; Pillai, Annie (2017) - Conceptually, the most appropriate measure of the responsiveness of tax revenues to changes in the base for most analytical applications is the ‘elasticity’, which seeks to relate the percentage change in tax revenue to a percentage change in the tax base with a given tax structure. Tax buoyancy is change in tax revenue due to a change in tax rates, bases, rules, administrative efficiency, etc. (discretionary changes). Keywords: buoyancy; elasticity; income; reforms; revenue; tax; taxes

• Effect of Load Shedding on Small Scale Entrepreneurs: A Case of Kitwe District of Zambia by Gerald, Banda; Garry, Simukoko; Patson, Tailoka Frank (2020) - Keywords: Load shedding, Small scale entrepreneurs, Electricity, Economy, Analysis of Covariance, Zambia. (Load shedding has no effect on small scale entrepreneurs in Zambia). Keywords: effect; entrepreneurs; load; scale; shedding; study; zambia

• Evaluation of Third National Fadama Development Programme (Fadama 111) on Poverty Reduction in Rural Communities of Buruku Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria by Achiv, Apesughur Dominic; Kim, Idoma; Masin, Ashiki Godwin; Abdullahi, Ibrahim Umaru (2014) - Constraints from the Fadama III Programme Benefiting Communities On the constraints relating to fadama III programme benefiting communities in the study area, 100%(380) of the sampled respondents said difficulty to members of fadama communities to pay counterpart funds. Notably, in Buruku L.G.A., fadama III programme started disbursement of funds to beneficiaries in 2011.In view of the foregoing, the researchers intend to assess the impact of fadama III programme in improving benefiting rural community members in Buruku local government area, Benue State( 2011-2013 intervention period). Keywords: area; authors; community; fadama; field; fug; production; programme; respondents; study; study area; table; work

• Bridging Finance and Marketing: The role of psychological traits and social factors in investment decisions and positive word-of-mouth by Sinaga, Poltak ; Marciano, Deddy ; Amelia, Amelia (2025) - 51 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Economy Vol. 12, No. 2, 51-59, 2025 ISSN(E) 2313-8181: / ISSN(P) 2518-0118: DOI: 10.20448/economy.v12i2.6780 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Bridging Finance and Marketing: The role of psychological traits and social factors in investment decisions and positive word-of-mouth Poltak Sinaga1 Deddy Marciano2 Amelia Amelia3 ( Corresponding Author) 1,3Pelita Harapan University, Indonesia. Abstract This study investigates the various factors that influence investment decision-making, specifically focusing on five key variables: Family Influence, Innovation, Need for Achievement, Risk-Taking, and the relationship between Investment Decisions and Positive Word of Mouth. Keywords: achievement; behavior; decisions; family; influence; innovation; investment; investors; journal; making; mouth; risk; word

• Cultural diplomacy and soft power of China: Theory, strategy and application in South East Asia by Trang, Nguyen Minh ; Dat, Wu Tuan (2025) - Kurlantzick characterized Chinese soft power as conditional because it is rarely applicable simply as a result of admiration. In some cases, Chinese soft power also carries with an economic or financial motivation from Beijing's side. Keywords: asia; bri; china; chinese; confucius; culture; diplomacy; education; global; influence; institutes; media; nye; power; southeast; state

• Assessment of Risks Associated with the Usage of Quantity Surveying Softwares in Nigeria: The Case Lagos State by Peter, Akinnagbe, Femi; Johnson, Adelakun, O. (2014) - Despite the fact that quantity surveying softwares make professional job easier, facilitates decision making, improve public image of firms and increased productivity through automated quantities and cost calculations there are risks associated with the usage of software which would be explicitly explained and analysed below: i. Proliferation of Software Application. ii. The study focuses on the assessment of risks associated with the usage of quantity surveying softwares. Keywords: construction; firms; information; quantity; quantity surveying; risk; software; surveying; technology; usage
• A study of role of trust in blockchain technology on influence of decentralized finance application on financial springiness by Faisal , Syed Mohammad (2025) - Through quantitative research, the study investigates the positive role that DeFi adoption plays in improving financial resilience via superior liquidity management, asset diversification, and enhanced absorption of adverse economic shocks. Keywords: Blockchain, Decentralized finance, Financial literacy, Financial resilience, Risk. Keywords: adoption; blockchain; blockchain technology; defi; defi adoption; finance; journal; literacy; perception; resilience; risk; study; technology; trust

• The Application of the Hassan Loan in Algeria: Social Experience and Solutions by Ameur, Ahmed Ameur; Ahssen, Djamila (2019) - In addition, expatriates abroad can pay their Zakat on the basis of transferring the zakat to the National Fund of Zakat Fund by means of international transfer or any other, where it should include name, the national ID number of Zakat fund (10-4780) and Zakat amount in both letters and numbers. The Zakat Fund is organized and distributed to needy Muslims in Algeria. Keywords: algeria; bank; funds; islamic; loan; ministry; money; national; projects; zakat al; zakat fund

• Manufacturer, Supermarket, and Grocer Liability for Contaminated Food and Beverages due to Negligence, Warranty, and Liability Laws by Cavico, Frank J.; Mujtaba, Bahaudin G.; Muffler, Stephen; Samuel, Marissa; Polito, Nicolas-Michel (2018) - One important provision of the FSMA grants the FDA the authority to recall food products if the agency determines that there is a “reasonable probability” that an article of food or beverage is adulterated or mislabeled and the use or exposure will cause adverse health consequences to humans or animals Benton (2012). To compare, Mortazavi (2016) points to a 2013 federal district court case, Lateef v. Pharmavite, where the plaintiff‟s breach of warranty and other state claims based on the alleged mislabeling of vitamins as vegetarian were deemed to be preempted by the federal law, specifically the National Labeling and Education Act (NLEA), because NELA contained an express preemption clause to ensure the uniform labeling of food products. Keywords: beverage; case; causation; cavico; cheeseman; claim; clarkson; company; consumer; court; defendant; et al; evidence; example; failure; food; food product; goods; illness; inc; items; law; liability; meat; mujtaba; negligence; plaintiff; product; safety; state; warranty

• Revisiting the forecasting power of public health expenditure and climate change impact on life expectancy in Nigeria: A scenario analysis. by Ijoko, Abubakar Orlando; Mohammed, Salam S (2025) - 1 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Economy Vol. 12, No. 1, 1-7, 2025 ISSN(E) 2313-8181/ ISSN(P) 2518-0118 DOI: 10.20448/economy.v12i1.6521 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Revisiting the forecasting power of public health expenditure and climate change impact on life expectancy in Nigeria: A scenario analysis. In this study, we investigate the forecasting power of public health expenditure and the impact of climate change on life expectancy in Nigeria. Keywords: change; climate; climate change; expectancy; expenditure; health; life; life expectancy; nigeria; phe; sample

• Economic Impact of Galma Irrigation Scheme on the Farming Community in Dakaci, Zaria Area of Nigeria by Isma’il, Muhammad; Idoma, Kim; Ibrahim, Idris Dabo; Muhammed, Zainab Dalhatu; Ahmed, Hadiza Tanimu; Maiwada, Amina; Musa, Inusa (2014) - Irrigation scheme is introduced for socioeconomic development of the community where it is based. While section ‘B’ had to do with the activities of the farmers in the irrigation scheme e.g. average crop yield before and after adoption of irrigation farming practices and other activities of farmers before and after adoption of irrigation scheme. Keywords: area; farmers; farming; irrigation; irrigation scheme; respondents; scheme; study; water

• Assessing the effect of use of computerized accounting systems on organizational performance: A focus on selected (NGOs) on the Copperbelt of Zambia by Mwila, Chalenga Laskey ; Leza, Danny (2025) - Assessing the effect of use of computerized accounting systems on organizational performance: A focus on selected (NGOs) on the Copperbelt of Zambia Chalenga Laskey Mwila1 Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the use of computerized accounting systems on organizational performance and the effect it has on the performance of Non-governmental organization on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Keywords: accounting; accounting systems; journal; ngos; non; organizations; performance; study; systems

• Rural Women Entrepreneurial Skills in Maize Value Addition in Abeokuta Metropolis, Nigeria by Motunrayo, Omoare, Ayodeji; Oyeleke, Oyediran, Wasiu; Chinna, Ogbonna (2019) - Distribution based on respondents entrepreneurial skills in maize value addition (n = 210). Meanwhile, social organizations (38.6%), apprenticeship training (35.7%), and religious organizations (17.1%) constituted least avenue of getting skills on maize value addition in the study area. Keywords: addition; maize; nigeria; processing; skills; study; value; women

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-23