id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-10525	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	2	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	2	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	2	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-10525	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-10525	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	2	17	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	2	18	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	2	19	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	2	20	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	2	21	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	2	22	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	2	23	the	the	DET
easat-10525	2	24	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	2	25	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	2	26	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	2	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	2	28	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	3	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	3	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	3	10	history	history	NOUN
easat-10525	3	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	12	received	receive	VERB
easat-10525	3	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	14	11	11	NUM
easat-10525	3	15	july	july	NOUN
easat-10525	3	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	3	17	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	18	revised	revise	VERB
easat-10525	3	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	20	13	13	NUM
easat-10525	3	21	august	august	PROPN
easat-10525	3	22	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	3	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	24	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-10525	3	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	26	18	18	NUM
easat-10525	3	27	august	august	PROPN
easat-10525	3	28	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	3	29	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	30	published	publish	VERB
easat-10525	3	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	32	13	13	NUM
easat-10525	3	33	october	october	NOUN
easat-10525	3	34	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	3	35	*	*	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	36	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-10525	3	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	38	priti_badar@yahoo.co.in	priti_badar@yahoo.co.in	NUM
easat-10525	3	39	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	3	40	integrity	integrity	NOUN
easat-10525	3	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	3	42	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	3	43	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	3	44	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	45	a	a	DET
easat-10525	3	46	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-10525	3	47	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	3	48	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	3	49	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	3	50	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	51	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	3	52	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	3	53	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	3	54	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	3	55	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	3	56	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	57	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	3	58	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	3	59	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	3	60	priti	priti	PROPN
easat-10525	3	61	badar1	badar1	PROPN
easat-10525	3	62	*	*	PROPN
easat-10525	3	63	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	64	geetha	geetha	PROPN
easat-10525	3	65	g2	g2	PROPN
easat-10525	3	66	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	3	67	mahesh	mahesh	PROPN
easat-10525	3	68	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-10525	3	69	r.3	r.3	PROPN
easat-10525	4	1	1,3jain	1,3jain	NUM
easat-10525	4	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	4	3	deemed	deem	VERB
easat-10525	4	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	4	5	to	to	PART
easat-10525	4	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	4	7	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	4	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	4	9	university	university	NOUN
easat-10525	4	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	4	11	bangalore	bangalore	PROPN
easat-10525	4	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	4	13	india	india	PROPN
easat-10525	4	14	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	4	15	priti_badar@yahoo.co.in	priti_badar@yahoo.co.in	NUM
easat-10525	4	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	4	17	p.b	p.b	NOUN
easat-10525	4	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	4	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	4	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	5	1	2sharda	2sharda	NUM
easat-10525	5	2	school	school	NOUN
easat-10525	5	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	5	4	computing	compute	VERB
easat-10525	5	5	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	5	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	5	7	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10525	5	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	5	9	sharda	sharda	PROPN
easat-10525	5	10	university	university	PROPN
easat-10525	5	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	5	12	greater	great	ADJ
easat-10525	5	13	noida	noida	PROPN
easat-10525	5	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	5	15	uttar	uttar	PROPN
easat-10525	5	16	pradesh	pradesh	PROPN
easat-10525	5	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	5	18	india	india	PROPN
easat-10525	5	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	6	1	abstract	abstract	ADJ
easat-10525	6	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	6	3	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	6	4	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	6	5	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	6	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	6	7	especially	especially	ADV
easat-10525	6	8	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	6	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	6	10	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	6	11	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	6	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	6	13	presents	present	VERB
easat-10525	6	14	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10525	6	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-10525	6	16	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	6	17	maintaining	maintain	VERB
easat-10525	6	18	the	the	DET
easat-10525	6	19	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN
easat-10525	6	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	6	21	credibility	credibility	NOUN
easat-10525	6	22	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	6	23	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-10525	6	24	content	content	NOUN
easat-10525	6	25	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	6	26	the	the	DET
easat-10525	6	27	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	6	28	age	age	NOUN
easat-10525	6	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	7	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	7	2	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	7	3	editing	edit	VERB
easat-10525	7	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	7	5	become	become	VERB
easat-10525	7	6	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
easat-10525	7	7	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
easat-10525	7	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	7	9	there	there	PRON
easat-10525	7	10	is	be	VERB
easat-10525	7	11	a	a	DET
easat-10525	7	12	pressing	press	VERB
easat-10525	7	13	need	need	NOUN
easat-10525	7	14	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	7	15	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-10525	7	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	7	17	reliable	reliable	ADJ
easat-10525	7	18	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	7	19	to	to	PART
easat-10525	7	20	detect	detect	VERB
easat-10525	7	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	7	22	localize	localize	VERB
easat-10525	7	23	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
easat-10525	7	24	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	7	25	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	7	26	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	7	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	8	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	8	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	8	3	introduces	introduce	VERB
easat-10525	8	4	an	an	DET
easat-10525	8	5	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-10525	8	6	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	8	7	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	8	8	combines	combine	VERB
easat-10525	8	9	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	8	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	8	11	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-10525	8	12	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	8	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	8	14	rotated	rotate	VERB
easat-10525	8	15	brief	brief	NOUN
easat-10525	8	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	8	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	8	18	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	8	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	8	20	single	single	ADJ
easat-10525	8	21	shot	shot	NOUN
easat-10525	8	22	detector	detector	NOUN
easat-10525	8	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	8	24	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	8	25	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	8	26	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	8	27	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	8	28	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	8	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	8	30	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	8	31	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	8	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	8	33	complemented	complement	VERB
easat-10525	8	34	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	8	35	a	a	DET
easat-10525	8	36	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	8	37	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	8	38	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	8	39	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	8	40	authentication	authentication	NOUN
easat-10525	8	41	process	process	NOUN
easat-10525	8	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	9	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	9	2	low	low	ADV
easat-10525	9	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	9	4	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
easat-10525	9	5	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-10525	9	6	descriptors	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	9	7	generated	generate	VERB
easat-10525	9	8	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	9	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	9	10	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	9	11	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	9	12	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	9	13	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-10525	9	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	9	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	9	16	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	9	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	9	18	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-10525	9	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	9	20	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	9	21	ensures	ensure	VERB
easat-10525	9	22	precise	precise	ADJ
easat-10525	9	23	localization	localization	NOUN
easat-10525	9	24	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	9	25	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
easat-10525	9	26	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	9	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	1	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10525	10	2	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
easat-10525	10	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	4	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	10	5	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-10525	10	6	such	such	ADJ
easat-10525	10	7	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	10	8	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	10	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	10	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	10	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	10	13	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-10525	10	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	15	score	score	NOUN
easat-10525	10	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	17	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10525	10	18	the	the	DET
easat-10525	10	19	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	10	20	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	10	21	's	's	PART
easat-10525	10	22	superior	superior	ADJ
easat-10525	10	23	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	10	24	compared	compare	VERB
easat-10525	10	25	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	10	26	existing	exist	VERB
easat-10525	10	27	state	state	NOUN
easat-10525	10	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	29	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	10	30	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	31	the	the	DET
easat-10525	10	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	33	art	art	NOUN
easat-10525	10	34	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	10	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	10	36	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-10525	10	37	a	a	DET
easat-10525	10	38	favorable	favorable	ADJ
easat-10525	10	39	balance	balance	NOUN
easat-10525	10	40	between	between	ADP
easat-10525	10	41	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	10	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	10	43	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-10525	10	44	speed	speed	NOUN
easat-10525	10	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	11	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	11	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	11	3	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-10525	11	4	detects	detect	VERB
easat-10525	11	5	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	11	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	11	7	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	11	8	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	11	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	11	10	even	even	ADV
easat-10525	11	11	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	11	12	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-10525	11	13	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-10525	11	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	11	15	providing	provide	VERB
easat-10525	11	16	a	a	DET
easat-10525	11	17	reliable	reliable	ADJ
easat-10525	11	18	tool	tool	NOUN
easat-10525	11	19	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	11	20	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	11	21	altered	alter	VERB
easat-10525	11	22	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	11	23	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	11	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	12	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	12	2	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	12	3	has	have	VERB
easat-10525	12	4	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-10525	12	5	applications	application	NOUN
easat-10525	12	6	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	12	7	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	12	8	forensics	forensic	NOUN
easat-10525	12	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	12	10	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-10525	12	11	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-10525	12	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	12	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	12	14	secure	secure	ADJ
easat-10525	12	15	multimedia	multimedia	NOUN
easat-10525	12	16	content	content	NOUN
easat-10525	12	17	verification	verification	NOUN
easat-10525	12	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	13	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-10525	13	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	13	3	copy	copy	VERB
easat-10525	13	4	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	13	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	13	6	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-10525	13	7	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	13	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	13	9	rotated	rotate	VERB
easat-10525	13	10	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	13	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	13	12	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	13	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	13	14	invariant	invariant	ADJ
easat-10525	13	15	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	13	16	transform	transform	NOUN
easat-10525	13	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	13	18	single	single	ADJ
easat-10525	13	19	shot	shot	NOUN
easat-10525	13	20	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	13	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	14	1	1	1	X
easat-10525	14	2	.	.	X
easat-10525	14	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-10525	14	4	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	14	5	hold	hold	VERB
easat-10525	14	6	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-10525	14	7	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-10525	14	8	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	14	9	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-10525	14	10	facets	facet	NOUN
easat-10525	14	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	14	12	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
easat-10525	14	13	life	life	NOUN
easat-10525	14	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	14	15	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-10525	14	16	functioning	function	VERB
easat-10525	14	17	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	14	18	verification	verification	NOUN
easat-10525	14	19	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	14	20	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-10525	14	21	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	14	22	various	various	ADJ
easat-10525	14	23	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-10525	14	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	15	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	15	2	swift	swift	ADJ
easat-10525	15	3	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-10525	15	4	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	15	5	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-10525	15	6	networks	network	NOUN
easat-10525	15	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	15	8	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	15	9	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	15	10	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-10525	15	11	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	15	12	has	have	AUX
easat-10525	15	13	simplified	simplify	VERB
easat-10525	15	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	15	15	management	management	NOUN
easat-10525	15	16	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	15	17	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	15	18	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	15	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	15	20	even	even	ADV
easat-10525	15	21	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	15	22	those	those	PRON
easat-10525	15	23	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	15	24	less	less	ADJ
easat-10525	15	25	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-10525	15	26	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10525	15	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	16	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	16	2	availability	availability	NOUN
easat-10525	16	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	16	4	freely	freely	ADV
easat-10525	16	5	available	available	ADJ
easat-10525	16	6	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	16	7	allows	allow	VERB
easat-10525	16	8	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-10525	16	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	16	10	irrespective	irrespective	ADV
easat-10525	16	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	16	12	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	16	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	16	14	to	to	PART
easat-10525	16	15	modify	modify	VERB
easat-10525	16	16	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	16	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	17	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-10525	17	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	17	3	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	17	4	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	17	5	may	may	AUX
easat-10525	17	6	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	17	7	altered	alter	VERB
easat-10525	17	8	either	either	CCONJ
easat-10525	17	9	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
easat-10525	17	10	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	17	11	inadvertently	inadvertently	ADV
easat-10525	17	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	18	1	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	18	2	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	18	3	denotes	denote	NOUN
easat-10525	18	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	18	5	intentional	intentional	ADJ
easat-10525	18	6	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	18	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	18	8	an	an	DET
easat-10525	18	9	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	18	10	to	to	PART
easat-10525	18	11	unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV
easat-10525	18	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	18	13	detrimentally	detrimentally	ADV
easat-10525	18	14	modify	modify	VERB
easat-10525	18	15	its	its	PRON
easat-10525	18	16	content	content	NOUN
easat-10525	18	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	19	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	19	2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
easat-10525	19	3	modification	modification	NOUN
easat-10525	19	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	19	5	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	19	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	19	7	nefarious	nefarious	ADJ
easat-10525	19	8	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-10525	19	9	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	19	10	a	a	DET
easat-10525	19	11	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-10525	19	12	definition	definition	NOUN
easat-10525	19	13	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	19	14	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	19	15	tampering	tampering	NOUN
easat-10525	19	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	20	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	20	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	20	3	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	20	4	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
easat-10525	20	5	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-10525	20	6	functions	function	NOUN
easat-10525	20	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	20	8	including	include	VERB
easat-10525	20	9	comic	comic	ADJ
easat-10525	20	10	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-10525	20	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	20	12	political	political	ADJ
easat-10525	20	13	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
easat-10525	20	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	20	15	entertainment	entertainment	NOUN
easat-10525	20	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	20	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	20	18	augmenting	augment	VERB
easat-10525	20	19	a	a	DET
easat-10525	20	20	subject	subject	NOUN
easat-10525	20	21	's	's	PART
easat-10525	20	22	appeal	appeal	NOUN
easat-10525	20	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	20	24	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
easat-10525	20	25	resulting	result	VERB
easat-10525	20	26	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	20	27	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10525	20	28	repercussions	repercussion	NOUN
easat-10525	20	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	21	1	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	21	2	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	21	3	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	21	4	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	21	5	has	have	AUX
easat-10525	21	6	become	become	VERB
easat-10525	21	7	a	a	DET
easat-10525	21	8	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-10525	21	9	domain	domain	NOUN
easat-10525	21	10	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	21	11	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	21	12	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-10525	21	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	21	14	concentrating	concentrate	VERB
easat-10525	21	15	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	21	16	verifying	verify	VERB
easat-10525	21	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	21	18	integrity	integrity	NOUN
easat-10525	21	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	21	20	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	21	21	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	21	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	22	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	22	2	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-10525	22	3	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-10525	22	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	22	5	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	22	6	tampering	tampering	NOUN
easat-10525	22	7	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	22	8	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	22	9	to	to	PART
easat-10525	22	10	ascertain	ascertain	VERB
easat-10525	22	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	22	12	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN
easat-10525	22	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	22	14	deceitfulness	deceitfulness	NOUN
easat-10525	22	15	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	22	16	an	an	DET
easat-10525	22	17	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	22	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	23	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	23	2	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	23	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	23	4	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	23	5	commenced	commence	VERB
easat-10525	23	6	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	23	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	23	8	early	early	ADJ
easat-10525	23	9	1900s	1900	NOUN
easat-10525	23	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	23	11	mostly	mostly	ADV
easat-10525	23	12	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	23	13	political	political	ADJ
easat-10525	23	14	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
easat-10525	23	15	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-10525	23	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	24	1	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	24	2	modification	modification	NOUN
easat-10525	24	3	has	have	AUX
easat-10525	24	4	become	become	VERB
easat-10525	24	5	a	a	DET
easat-10525	24	6	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-10525	24	7	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
easat-10525	24	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	25	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	25	2	widespread	widespread	ADJ
easat-10525	25	3	accessibility	accessibility	NOUN
easat-10525	25	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	25	5	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-10525	25	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	25	7	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	25	8	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
easat-10525	25	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	25	10	correction	correction	NOUN
easat-10525	25	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	25	12	modification	modification	NOUN
easat-10525	25	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	25	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	25	15	recreation	recreation	NOUN
easat-10525	25	16	enables	enable	VERB
easat-10525	25	17	unlawful	unlawful	ADJ
easat-10525	25	18	acts	act	NOUN
easat-10525	25	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	26	1	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	26	2	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	26	3	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	26	4	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10525	26	5	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	26	6	forensic	forensic	ADJ
easat-10525	26	7	investigations	investigation	NOUN
easat-10525	26	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	26	9	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-10525	26	10	assessments	assessment	NOUN
easat-10525	26	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	26	12	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-10525	26	13	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-10525	26	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	26	15	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-10525	26	16	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-10525	26	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	26	18	insurance	insurance	NOUN
easat-10525	26	19	claims	claim	NOUN
easat-10525	26	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	26	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	26	22	broadcasting	broadcasting	NOUN
easat-10525	26	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	27	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-10525	27	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	27	3	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
easat-10525	27	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	27	5	validating	validate	VERB
easat-10525	27	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	27	7	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN
easat-10525	27	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	27	9	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	27	10	has	have	AUX
easat-10525	27	11	become	become	VERB
easat-10525	27	12	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
easat-10525	27	13	important	important	ADJ
easat-10525	27	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	28	1	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	28	2	response	response	NOUN
easat-10525	28	3	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	28	4	this	this	DET
easat-10525	28	5	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-10525	28	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	28	7	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	28	8	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	28	9	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	28	10	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	28	11	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	28	12	have	have	AUX
easat-10525	28	13	gained	gain	VERB
easat-10525	28	14	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-10525	28	15	societal	societal	ADJ
easat-10525	28	16	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-10525	28	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	29	1	over	over	ADP
easat-10525	29	2	the	the	DET
easat-10525	29	3	past	past	ADJ
easat-10525	29	4	ten	ten	NUM
easat-10525	29	5	years	year	NOUN
easat-10525	29	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	29	7	mailto:priti_badar@yahoo.co.in	mailto:priti_badar@yahoo.co.in	PROPN
easat-10525	29	8	705	705	NUM
easat-10525	29	9	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	29	10	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	29	11	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	29	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	29	13	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	29	14	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	29	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	29	16	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	29	17	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	29	18	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	29	19	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	29	20	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	30	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	30	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	30	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	30	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	30	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	30	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	30	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	30	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	30	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	30	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	30	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	30	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	30	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	30	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	30	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	30	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	30	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	30	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	30	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	30	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	30	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	30	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	30	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	30	25	gate	gate	VERB
easat-10525	30	26	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10525	30	27	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-10525	30	28	has	have	AUX
easat-10525	30	29	been	be	AUX
easat-10525	30	30	made	make	VERB
easat-10525	30	31	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	30	32	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	30	33	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	30	34	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	30	35	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	30	36	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	30	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	31	1	1.1	1.1	NUM
easat-10525	31	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	32	1	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	32	2	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	32	3	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	32	4	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	32	5	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	32	6	two	two	NUM
easat-10525	32	7	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-10525	32	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-10525	32	9	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	32	10	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	32	11	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	32	12	tampering	tampering	NOUN
easat-10525	32	13	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	32	14	active	active	ADJ
easat-10525	32	15	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	32	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	32	17	passive	passive	ADJ
easat-10525	32	18	ones	one	NOUN
easat-10525	32	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	33	1	active	active	ADJ
easat-10525	33	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	33	3	entail	entail	VERB
easat-10525	33	4	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-10525	33	5	past	past	ADJ
easat-10525	33	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-10525	33	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	33	8	such	such	ADJ
easat-10525	33	9	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	33	10	a	a	DET
easat-10525	33	11	watermark	watermark	NOUN
easat-10525	33	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	33	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	33	14	signature	signature	NOUN
easat-10525	33	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	33	16	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	33	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	33	18	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	33	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	34	1	these	these	DET
easat-10525	34	2	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-10525	34	3	seek	seek	VERB
easat-10525	34	4	to	to	PART
easat-10525	34	5	validate	validate	VERB
easat-10525	34	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	34	7	integrity	integrity	NOUN
easat-10525	34	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	34	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	34	10	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	34	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	35	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
easat-10525	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	35	3	a	a	DET
easat-10525	35	4	major	major	ADJ
easat-10525	35	5	constraint	constraint	NOUN
easat-10525	35	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	35	7	this	this	DET
easat-10525	35	8	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	35	9	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	35	10	its	its	PRON
easat-10525	35	11	inapplicability	inapplicability	NOUN
easat-10525	35	12	to	to	AUX
easat-10525	35	13	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	35	14	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	35	15	unidentified	unidentified	ADJ
easat-10525	35	16	sources	source	NOUN
easat-10525	35	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	35	18	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	35	19	the	the	DET
easat-10525	35	20	embedded	embed	VERB
easat-10525	35	21	information	information	NOUN
easat-10525	35	22	must	must	AUX
easat-10525	35	23	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	35	24	pre	pre	VERB
easat-10525	35	25	-	-	VERB
easat-10525	35	26	existing	exist	VERB
easat-10525	35	27	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	35	28	the	the	DET
easat-10525	35	29	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	35	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	36	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	36	2	constraint	constraint	NOUN
easat-10525	36	3	poses	pose	VERB
easat-10525	36	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	36	5	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-10525	36	6	barrier	barrier	NOUN
easat-10525	36	7	when	when	SCONJ
easat-10525	36	8	employing	employ	VERB
easat-10525	36	9	active	active	ADJ
easat-10525	36	10	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	36	11	[	[	X
easat-10525	36	12	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	36	13	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	36	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	37	1	conversely	conversely	ADV
easat-10525	37	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	37	3	passive	passive	ADJ
easat-10525	37	4	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	37	5	blind	blind	ADJ
easat-10525	37	6	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	37	7	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	37	8	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	37	9	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	37	10	do	do	AUX
easat-10525	37	11	not	not	PART
easat-10525	37	12	depend	depend	VERB
easat-10525	37	13	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	37	14	any	any	DET
easat-10525	37	15	prior	prior	ADJ
easat-10525	37	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10525	37	17	to	to	PART
easat-10525	37	18	ascertain	ascertain	VERB
easat-10525	37	19	the	the	DET
easat-10525	37	20	integrity	integrity	NOUN
easat-10525	37	21	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	37	22	an	an	DET
easat-10525	37	23	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	37	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	38	1	rather	rather	ADV
easat-10525	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	38	3	these	these	DET
easat-10525	38	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	38	5	employ	employ	VERB
easat-10525	38	6	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	38	7	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-10525	38	8	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	38	9	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-10525	38	10	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	38	11	elements	element	NOUN
easat-10525	38	12	to	to	PART
easat-10525	38	13	detect	detect	VERB
easat-10525	38	14	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-10525	38	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	38	16	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	38	17	[	[	X
easat-10525	38	18	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	38	19	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	38	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	39	1	among	among	ADP
easat-10525	39	2	the	the	DET
easat-10525	39	3	myriad	myriad	ADJ
easat-10525	39	4	forms	form	NOUN
easat-10525	39	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	39	6	tampering	tampering	NOUN
easat-10525	39	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	39	8	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	39	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	39	10	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	39	11	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	39	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	39	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	39	14	cloning	cloning	NOUN
easat-10525	39	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	39	16	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	39	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	39	18	most	most	ADV
easat-10525	39	19	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-10525	39	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	40	1	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	40	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	40	3	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	40	4	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	40	5	entails	entail	VERB
easat-10525	40	6	duplicating	duplicate	VERB
easat-10525	40	7	a	a	DET
easat-10525	40	8	segment	segment	NOUN
easat-10525	40	9	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	40	10	an	an	DET
easat-10525	40	11	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	40	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	40	13	inserting	insert	VERB
easat-10525	40	14	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	40	15	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	40	16	a	a	DET
easat-10525	40	17	different	different	ADJ
easat-10525	40	18	location	location	NOUN
easat-10525	40	19	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	40	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	40	21	same	same	ADJ
easat-10525	40	22	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	40	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	41	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	41	2	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	41	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	41	4	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-10525	41	5	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	41	6	to	to	PART
easat-10525	41	7	obscure	obscure	VERB
easat-10525	41	8	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ
easat-10525	41	9	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-10525	41	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	41	11	copy	copy	VERB
easat-10525	41	12	particular	particular	ADJ
easat-10525	41	13	components	component	NOUN
easat-10525	41	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	41	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	41	16	augment	augment	VERB
easat-10525	41	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	41	18	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-10525	41	19	appeal	appeal	NOUN
easat-10525	41	20	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	41	21	the	the	DET
easat-10525	41	22	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	41	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	42	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	42	2	replicated	replicate	VERB
easat-10525	42	3	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	42	4	may	may	AUX
easat-10525	42	5	differ	differ	VERB
easat-10525	42	6	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	42	7	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
easat-10525	42	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	42	9	form	form	NOUN
easat-10525	42	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	42	11	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	42	12	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	42	13	inserted	insert	VERB
easat-10525	42	14	repeatedly	repeatedly	ADV
easat-10525	42	15	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	42	16	various	various	ADJ
easat-10525	42	17	positions	position	NOUN
easat-10525	42	18	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	42	19	the	the	DET
easat-10525	42	20	same	same	ADJ
easat-10525	42	21	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	42	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	43	1	to	to	PART
easat-10525	43	2	prevent	prevent	VERB
easat-10525	43	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	43	4	appearance	appearance	NOUN
easat-10525	43	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	43	6	conspicuous	conspicuous	ADJ
easat-10525	43	7	artifacts	artifact	NOUN
easat-10525	43	8	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	43	9	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	43	10	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	43	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	43	12	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	43	13	fragments	fragment	NOUN
easat-10525	43	14	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	43	15	usually	usually	ADV
easat-10525	43	16	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-10525	43	17	seamlessly	seamlessly	ADV
easat-10525	43	18	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	43	19	the	the	DET
easat-10525	43	20	background	background	NOUN
easat-10525	43	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	44	1	after	after	SCONJ
easat-10525	44	2	an	an	DET
easat-10525	44	3	area	area	NOUN
easat-10525	44	4	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	44	5	copied	copy	VERB
easat-10525	44	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	44	7	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	44	8	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	44	9	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	44	10	pasted	paste	VERB
easat-10525	44	11	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	44	12	a	a	DET
easat-10525	44	13	new	new	ADJ
easat-10525	44	14	position	position	NOUN
easat-10525	44	15	either	either	CCONJ
easat-10525	44	16	unchanged	unchanged	ADJ
easat-10525	44	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	44	18	modified	modify	VERB
easat-10525	44	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	44	20	transformations	transformation	NOUN
easat-10525	44	21	such	such	ADJ
easat-10525	44	22	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	44	23	rotation	rotation	NOUN
easat-10525	44	24	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	44	25	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	44	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	45	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	45	2	duplicated	duplicate	VERB
easat-10525	45	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	45	4	final	final	ADJ
easat-10525	45	5	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	45	6	originate	originate	VERB
easat-10525	45	7	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	45	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	45	9	same	same	ADJ
easat-10525	45	10	source	source	NOUN
easat-10525	45	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	45	12	resulting	result	VERB
easat-10525	45	13	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	45	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	45	15	tampered	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	45	16	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	45	17	exhibiting	exhibit	VERB
easat-10525	45	18	comparable	comparable	ADJ
easat-10525	45	19	qualities	quality	NOUN
easat-10525	45	20	such	such	ADJ
easat-10525	45	21	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	45	22	color	color	NOUN
easat-10525	45	23	palette	palette	NOUN
easat-10525	45	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	45	25	texture	texture	ADJ
easat-10525	45	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	45	27	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-10525	45	28	range	range	NOUN
easat-10525	45	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	45	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	45	31	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-10525	45	32	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-10525	45	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	46	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	46	2	resemblance	resemblance	NOUN
easat-10525	46	3	complicates	complicate	VERB
easat-10525	46	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	46	5	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-10525	46	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	46	7	frauds	fraud	NOUN
easat-10525	46	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	47	1	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	47	2	such	such	ADJ
easat-10525	47	3	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	47	4	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	47	5	splicing	splicing	NOUN
easat-10525	47	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	47	7	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	47	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	47	9	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	47	10	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	47	11	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-10525	47	12	belong	belong	VERB
easat-10525	47	13	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	47	14	this	this	DET
easat-10525	47	15	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-10525	47	16	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	47	17	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	47	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	48	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	48	2	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	48	3	represents	represent	VERB
easat-10525	48	4	an	an	DET
easat-10525	48	5	example	example	NOUN
easat-10525	48	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	48	7	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	48	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	48	9	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	48	10	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	48	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	49	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	49	2	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	49	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	49	4	example	example	NOUN
easat-10525	49	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	49	6	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	49	7	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	49	8	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	49	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	50	1	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	50	2	the	the	DET
easat-10525	50	3	progression	progression	NOUN
easat-10525	50	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	50	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	50	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	50	7	various	various	ADJ
easat-10525	50	8	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	50	9	editing	edit	VERB
easat-10525	50	10	software	software	NOUN
easat-10525	50	11	applications	application	NOUN
easat-10525	50	12	have	have	AUX
easat-10525	50	13	become	become	VERB
easat-10525	50	14	accessible	accessible	ADJ
easat-10525	50	15	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	50	16	no	no	DET
easat-10525	50	17	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-10525	50	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	50	19	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-10525	50	20	users	user	NOUN
easat-10525	50	21	to	to	PART
easat-10525	50	22	edit	edit	VERB
easat-10525	50	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	50	24	enhance	enhance	NOUN
easat-10525	50	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	50	26	correct	correct	ADJ
easat-10525	50	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	50	28	modify	modify	VERB
easat-10525	50	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	50	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	50	31	recreate	recreate	VERB
easat-10525	50	32	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	50	33	effortlessly	effortlessly	ADV
easat-10525	50	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	51	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	51	2	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-10525	51	3	engenders	engender	VERB
easat-10525	51	4	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-10525	51	5	apprehensions	apprehension	NOUN
easat-10525	51	6	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-10525	51	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	51	8	authentication	authentication	NOUN
easat-10525	51	9	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	51	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	51	11	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	51	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	52	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	52	2	simplicity	simplicity	NOUN
easat-10525	52	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	52	4	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	52	5	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	52	6	has	have	AUX
easat-10525	52	7	unintentionally	unintentionally	ADV
easat-10525	52	8	enabled	enable	VERB
easat-10525	52	9	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-10525	52	10	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-10525	52	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	52	12	since	since	SCONJ
easat-10525	52	13	several	several	ADJ
easat-10525	52	14	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-10525	52	15	exploit	exploit	VERB
easat-10525	52	16	these	these	DET
easat-10525	52	17	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-10525	52	18	to	to	PART
easat-10525	52	19	modify	modify	VERB
easat-10525	52	20	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	52	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	52	22	produce	produce	VERB
easat-10525	52	23	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
easat-10525	52	24	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-10525	52	25	to	to	PART
easat-10525	52	26	mislead	mislead	VERB
easat-10525	52	27	others	other	NOUN
easat-10525	52	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	53	1	under	under	ADP
easat-10525	53	2	this	this	DET
easat-10525	53	3	mechanized	mechanized	ADJ
easat-10525	53	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	53	5	networked	networked	ADJ
easat-10525	53	6	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-10525	53	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	53	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	53	9	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN
easat-10525	53	10	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	53	11	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	53	12	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	53	13	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	53	14	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
easat-10525	53	15	under	under	ADP
easat-10525	53	16	doubt	doubt	NOUN
easat-10525	53	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	54	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	54	2	imperative	imperative	NOUN
easat-10525	54	3	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	54	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	54	5	solution	solution	NOUN
easat-10525	54	6	to	to	PART
easat-10525	54	7	authenticate	authenticate	VERB
easat-10525	54	8	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	54	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	54	10	differentiate	differentiate	VERB
easat-10525	54	11	between	between	ADP
easat-10525	54	12	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-10525	54	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	54	14	counterfeit	counterfeit	ADJ
easat-10525	54	15	ones	one	NOUN
easat-10525	54	16	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	54	17	paramount	paramount	ADJ
easat-10525	54	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	55	1	social	social	ADJ
easat-10525	55	2	media	medium	NOUN
easat-10525	55	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	55	4	although	although	SCONJ
easat-10525	55	5	a	a	DET
easat-10525	55	6	potent	potent	ADJ
easat-10525	55	7	medium	medium	NOUN
easat-10525	55	8	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	55	9	connection	connection	NOUN
easat-10525	55	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	55	11	706	706	NUM
easat-10525	55	12	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	55	13	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	55	14	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	55	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	55	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	55	17	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	55	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	55	19	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	55	20	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	55	21	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	55	22	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	55	23	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	56	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	56	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	56	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	56	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	56	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	56	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	56	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	56	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	56	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	56	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	56	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	56	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	56	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	56	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	56	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	56	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	56	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	56	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	56	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	56	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	56	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	56	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	56	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	56	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	56	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	56	26	discourse	discourse	NOUN
easat-10525	56	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	56	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	56	29	information	information	NOUN
easat-10525	56	30	dissemination	dissemination	NOUN
easat-10525	56	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	56	32	also	also	ADV
easat-10525	56	33	presents	present	VERB
easat-10525	56	34	dangers	danger	NOUN
easat-10525	56	35	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	56	36	propagating	propagate	VERB
easat-10525	56	37	false	false	ADJ
easat-10525	56	38	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
easat-10525	56	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	56	40	misleading	mislead	VERB
easat-10525	56	41	content	content	NOUN
easat-10525	56	42	if	if	SCONJ
easat-10525	56	43	not	not	PART
easat-10525	56	44	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	56	45	judiciously	judiciously	ADV
easat-10525	56	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	57	1	deceptive	deceptive	ADJ
easat-10525	57	2	visuals	visual	NOUN
easat-10525	57	3	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	57	4	induce	induce	VERB
easat-10525	57	5	confusion	confusion	NOUN
easat-10525	57	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	57	7	even	even	ADV
easat-10525	57	8	result	result	VERB
easat-10525	57	9	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	57	10	catastrophic	catastrophic	ADJ
easat-10525	57	11	consequences	consequence	NOUN
easat-10525	57	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	58	1	some	some	DET
easat-10525	58	2	edited	edited	ADJ
easat-10525	58	3	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	58	4	display	display	VERB
easat-10525	58	5	evident	evident	ADJ
easat-10525	58	6	pixilation	pixilation	NOUN
easat-10525	58	7	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	58	8	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-10525	58	9	their	their	PRON
easat-10525	58	10	inauthenticity	inauthenticity	NOUN
easat-10525	58	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	58	12	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	58	13	others	other	NOUN
easat-10525	58	14	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	58	15	so	so	ADV
easat-10525	58	16	well	well	ADV
easat-10525	58	17	created	create	VERB
easat-10525	58	18	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	58	19	they	they	PRON
easat-10525	58	20	seem	seem	VERB
easat-10525	58	21	completely	completely	ADV
easat-10525	58	22	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-10525	58	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	59	1	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	59	2	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	59	3	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	59	4	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10525	59	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-10525	59	6	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	59	7	various	various	ADJ
easat-10525	59	8	domains	domain	NOUN
easat-10525	59	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	59	10	including	include	VERB
easat-10525	59	11	forensic	forensic	ADJ
easat-10525	59	12	autopsy	autopsy	ADJ
easat-10525	59	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	59	14	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-10525	59	15	investigations	investigation	NOUN
easat-10525	59	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	59	17	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-10525	59	18	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10525	59	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	59	20	healthcare	healthcare	PROPN
easat-10525	59	21	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-10525	59	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	59	23	insurance	insurance	NOUN
easat-10525	59	24	claims	claim	NOUN
easat-10525	59	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	59	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	59	27	broadcasting	broadcasting	NOUN
easat-10525	59	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	60	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	60	2	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-10525	60	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	60	4	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10525	60	5	requirement	requirement	NOUN
easat-10525	60	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	60	7	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-10525	60	8	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	60	9	to	to	PART
easat-10525	60	10	maintain	maintain	VERB
easat-10525	60	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	60	12	authenticate	authenticate	NOUN
easat-10525	60	13	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	60	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	61	1	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	61	2	a	a	DET
easat-10525	61	3	result	result	NOUN
easat-10525	61	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	61	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	61	6	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-10525	61	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	61	8	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	61	9	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	61	10	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	61	11	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	61	12	has	have	AUX
easat-10525	61	13	markedly	markedly	ADV
easat-10525	61	14	increased	increase	VERB
easat-10525	61	15	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	61	16	society	society	NOUN
easat-10525	61	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	61	18	leading	lead	VERB
easat-10525	61	19	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	61	20	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-10525	61	21	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-10525	61	22	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	61	23	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-10525	61	24	forensic	forensic	ADJ
easat-10525	61	25	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	61	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	62	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	62	2	various	various	ADJ
easat-10525	62	3	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	62	4	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	62	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	62	6	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-10525	62	7	tackle	tackle	PROPN
easat-10525	62	8	simple	simple	ADJ
easat-10525	62	9	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	62	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	62	11	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	62	12	forging	forge	VERB
easat-10525	62	13	cases	case	NOUN
easat-10525	62	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	62	15	many	many	ADJ
easat-10525	62	16	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	62	17	unable	unable	ADJ
easat-10525	62	18	to	to	PART
easat-10525	62	19	detect	detect	VERB
easat-10525	62	20	intricate	intricate	ADJ
easat-10525	62	21	manipulations	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	62	22	efficiently	efficiently	ADV
easat-10525	62	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	63	1	block	block	NOUN
easat-10525	63	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	63	3	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	63	4	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	63	5	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	63	6	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	63	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	63	8	which	which	PRON
easat-10525	63	9	include	include	VERB
easat-10525	63	10	partitioning	partition	VERB
easat-10525	63	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	63	12	host	host	NOUN
easat-10525	63	13	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	63	14	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	63	15	overlapping	overlap	VERB
easat-10525	63	16	segments	segment	NOUN
easat-10525	63	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	63	18	extracting	extract	VERB
easat-10525	63	19	information	information	NOUN
easat-10525	63	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	63	21	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	63	22	extensively	extensively	ADV
easat-10525	63	23	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	63	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	64	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
easat-10525	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	64	3	these	these	DET
easat-10525	64	4	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	64	5	encounter	encounter	VERB
easat-10525	64	6	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-10525	64	7	like	like	ADP
easat-10525	64	8	protracted	protract	VERB
easat-10525	64	9	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-10525	64	10	durations	duration	NOUN
easat-10525	64	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	64	12	failure	failure	NOUN
easat-10525	64	13	to	to	PART
easat-10525	64	14	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	64	15	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-10525	64	16	modifications	modification	NOUN
easat-10525	64	17	imposed	impose	VERB
easat-10525	64	18	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	64	19	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	64	20	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	64	21	[	[	X
easat-10525	64	22	3	3	NUM
easat-10525	64	23	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	64	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	65	1	2	2	X
easat-10525	65	2	.	.	X
easat-10525	65	3	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-10525	65	4	survey	survey	VERB
easat-10525	65	5	a	a	DET
easat-10525	65	6	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-10525	65	7	body	body	NOUN
easat-10525	65	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	65	9	work	work	NOUN
easat-10525	65	10	exists	exist	VERB
easat-10525	65	11	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	65	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	65	13	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	65	14	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	65	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	65	16	a	a	DET
easat-10525	65	17	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-10525	65	18	domain	domain	NOUN
easat-10525	65	19	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	65	20	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	65	21	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	65	22	forensics	forensic	NOUN
easat-10525	65	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	66	1	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	66	2	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	66	3	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	66	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	66	5	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	66	6	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	66	7	categorized	categorize	VERB
easat-10525	66	8	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	66	9	two	two	NUM
easat-10525	66	10	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-10525	66	11	types	type	NOUN
easat-10525	66	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	66	13	active	active	ADJ
easat-10525	66	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	66	15	non	non	ADJ
easat-10525	66	16	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	66	17	blind	blind	ADJ
easat-10525	66	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	66	19	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	66	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	66	21	passive	passive	ADJ
easat-10525	66	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	66	23	blind	blind	ADJ
easat-10525	66	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	66	25	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	66	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	67	1	active	active	ADJ
easat-10525	67	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	67	3	involve	involve	VERB
easat-10525	67	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	67	5	incorporation	incorporation	NOUN
easat-10525	67	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	67	7	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
easat-10525	67	8	information	information	NOUN
easat-10525	67	9	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	67	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	67	11	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	67	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	67	13	either	either	CCONJ
easat-10525	67	14	during	during	ADP
easat-10525	67	15	its	its	PRON
easat-10525	67	16	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-10525	67	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	67	18	post	post	ADJ
easat-10525	67	19	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	67	20	processing	processing	ADJ
easat-10525	67	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	67	22	thus	thus	ADV
easat-10525	67	23	requiring	require	VERB
easat-10525	67	24	specialized	specialized	ADJ
easat-10525	67	25	equipment	equipment	NOUN
easat-10525	67	26	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	67	27	software	software	NOUN
easat-10525	67	28	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	67	29	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	67	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	68	1	conversely	conversely	ADV
easat-10525	68	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	68	3	passive	passive	ADJ
easat-10525	68	4	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	68	5	do	do	AUX
easat-10525	68	6	not	not	PART
easat-10525	68	7	require	require	VERB
easat-10525	68	8	embedding	embed	VERB
easat-10525	68	9	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-10525	68	10	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10525	68	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	68	12	making	make	VERB
easat-10525	68	13	them	they	PRON
easat-10525	68	14	a	a	DET
easat-10525	68	15	more	more	ADV
easat-10525	68	16	organic	organic	ADJ
easat-10525	68	17	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	68	18	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	68	19	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	68	20	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	68	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	69	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	69	2	chapter	chapter	NOUN
easat-10525	69	3	examines	examine	VERB
easat-10525	69	4	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-10525	69	5	research	research	NOUN
easat-10525	69	6	studies	study	NOUN
easat-10525	69	7	related	relate	VERB
easat-10525	69	8	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	69	9	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	69	10	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	69	11	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	69	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	69	13	covering	cover	VERB
easat-10525	69	14	both	both	CCONJ
easat-10525	69	15	active	active	ADJ
easat-10525	69	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	69	17	passive	passive	ADJ
easat-10525	69	18	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	69	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	69	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	69	21	presents	present	VERB
easat-10525	69	22	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
easat-10525	69	23	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-10525	69	24	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	69	25	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	69	26	forensics	forensic	NOUN
easat-10525	69	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	69	28	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	69	29	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	69	30	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	69	31	composite	composite	ADJ
easat-10525	69	32	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	69	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	69	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	69	35	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	69	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	69	37	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	69	38	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	69	39	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	69	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	70	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	70	2	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	70	3	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10525	70	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	70	5	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-10525	70	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	70	7	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
easat-10525	70	8	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	70	9	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	70	10	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	70	11	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	70	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	70	13	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	70	14	frauds	fraud	NOUN
easat-10525	70	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	71	1	one	one	NUM
easat-10525	71	2	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-10525	71	3	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-10525	71	4	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	71	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	71	6	field	field	NOUN
easat-10525	71	7	involves	involve	VERB
easat-10525	71	8	a	a	DET
easat-10525	71	9	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	71	10	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	71	11	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-10525	71	12	conceals	conceal	VERB
easat-10525	71	13	the	the	DET
easat-10525	71	14	original	original	ADJ
easat-10525	71	15	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	71	16	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	71	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	71	18	lwt	lwt	NOUN
easat-10525	71	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	71	20	lifting	lift	VERB
easat-10525	71	21	wavelet	wavelet	NOUN
easat-10525	71	22	transform	transform	NOUN
easat-10525	71	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	71	24	approximation	approximation	NOUN
easat-10525	71	25	band	band	NOUN
easat-10525	71	26	through	through	ADP
easat-10525	71	27	perceptual	perceptual	ADJ
easat-10525	71	28	mapping	mapping	NOUN
easat-10525	71	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	72	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	72	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	72	3	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-10525	72	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	72	5	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-10525	72	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	72	7	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-10525	72	8	concealment	concealment	NOUN
easat-10525	72	9	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	72	10	renders	render	VERB
easat-10525	72	11	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	72	12	imperceptible	imperceptible	ADJ
easat-10525	72	13	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	72	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	72	15	human	human	ADJ
easat-10525	72	16	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-10525	72	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	72	18	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	72	19	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	72	20	prone	prone	ADJ
easat-10525	72	21	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	72	22	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	72	23	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	72	24	obscured	obscure	VERB
easat-10525	72	25	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	72	26	diminished	diminished	ADJ
easat-10525	72	27	intensity	intensity	NOUN
easat-10525	72	28	[	[	X
easat-10525	72	29	4	4	NUM
easat-10525	72	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	72	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	73	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	73	2	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10525	73	3	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	73	4	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	73	5	an	an	DET
easat-10525	73	6	improved	improved	ADJ
easat-10525	73	7	surf	surf	NOUN
easat-10525	73	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	73	9	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	73	10	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	73	11	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	73	12	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	73	13	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	73	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	73	15	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	73	16	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	73	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	74	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	74	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	74	3	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	74	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	74	5	quick	quick	ADJ
easat-10525	74	6	hessian	hessian	ADJ
easat-10525	74	7	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-10525	74	8	to	to	PART
easat-10525	74	9	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	74	10	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	74	11	locations	location	NOUN
easat-10525	74	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	74	13	thereafter	thereafter	ADV
easat-10525	74	14	matched	match	VERB
easat-10525	74	15	via	via	ADP
easat-10525	74	16	the	the	DET
easat-10525	74	17	k	k	ADJ
easat-10525	74	18	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	74	19	g2nn	g2nn	PROPN
easat-10525	74	20	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	74	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	75	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	75	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	75	3	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-10525	75	4	estimates	estimate	VERB
easat-10525	75	5	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-10525	75	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	75	7	affine	affine	NOUN
easat-10525	75	8	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-10525	75	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	75	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	75	11	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	75	12	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-10525	75	13	r	r	NOUN
easat-10525	75	14	-	-	NOUN
easat-10525	75	15	ransac	ransac	NOUN
easat-10525	75	16	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	75	17	sprt	sprt	NOUN
easat-10525	75	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	75	19	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	75	20	eliminates	eliminate	VERB
easat-10525	75	21	disparities	disparity	NOUN
easat-10525	75	22	to	to	PART
easat-10525	75	23	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	75	24	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	75	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	75	26	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	75	27	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	75	28	[	[	X
easat-10525	75	29	5	5	NUM
easat-10525	75	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	75	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	76	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	76	2	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-10525	76	3	cnnbased	cnnbase	VERB
easat-10525	76	4	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	76	5	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	76	6	introduced	introduce	VERB
easat-10525	76	7	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	76	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	76	9	automatic	automatic	ADJ
easat-10525	76	10	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-10525	76	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	76	12	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	76	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	76	14	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	76	15	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	76	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	77	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	77	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-10525	77	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	77	4	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	77	5	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	77	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	77	7	micc	micc	NOUN
easat-10525	77	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	77	9	f2000	f2000	ADJ
easat-10525	77	10	benchmark	benchmark	NOUN
easat-10525	77	11	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	77	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	77	13	exhibits	exhibit	VERB
easat-10525	77	14	enhanced	enhanced	ADJ
easat-10525	77	15	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-10525	77	16	over	over	ADP
easat-10525	77	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10525	77	18	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	77	19	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	77	20	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	77	21	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	77	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	77	23	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	77	24	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	77	25	[	[	X
easat-10525	77	26	6	6	NUM
easat-10525	77	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	77	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	78	1	another	another	DET
easat-10525	78	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	78	3	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-10525	78	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	78	5	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-10525	78	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	78	7	extracted	extract	VERB
easat-10525	78	8	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	78	9	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	78	10	to	to	PART
easat-10525	78	11	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	78	12	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	78	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	78	14	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	78	15	frauds	fraud	NOUN
easat-10525	78	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	79	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	79	2	applies	apply	VERB
easat-10525	79	3	sift	sift	ADJ
easat-10525	79	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	79	5	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	79	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	79	7	invariant	invariant	ADJ
easat-10525	79	8	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	79	9	transform	transform	NOUN
easat-10525	79	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	79	11	to	to	PART
easat-10525	79	12	extract	extract	VERB
easat-10525	79	13	invariant	invariant	ADJ
easat-10525	79	14	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	79	15	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	79	16	the	the	DET
easat-10525	79	17	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	79	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	79	19	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
easat-10525	79	20	utilizes	utilizes	ADJ
easat-10525	79	21	pca	pca	PROPN
easat-10525	79	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	79	23	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-10525	79	24	component	component	NOUN
easat-10525	79	25	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10525	79	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	79	27	to	to	PART
easat-10525	79	28	extract	extract	VERB
easat-10525	79	29	blocks	block	NOUN
easat-10525	79	30	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	79	31	further	further	ADJ
easat-10525	79	32	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10525	79	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	79	34	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-10525	79	35	efficiently	efficiently	ADV
easat-10525	79	36	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	79	37	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	79	38	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	79	39	[	[	X
easat-10525	79	40	7	7	NUM
easat-10525	79	41	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	79	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	80	1	proposals	proposal	NOUN
easat-10525	80	2	have	have	AUX
easat-10525	80	3	been	be	AUX
easat-10525	80	4	made	make	VERB
easat-10525	80	5	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	80	6	real	real	ADJ
easat-10525	80	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	80	8	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	80	9	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	80	10	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	80	11	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10525	80	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	80	13	wherein	wherein	SCONJ
easat-10525	80	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	80	15	textural	textural	ADJ
easat-10525	80	16	shape	shape	NOUN
easat-10525	80	17	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	80	18	the	the	DET
easat-10525	80	19	input	input	NOUN
easat-10525	80	20	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	80	21	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	80	22	originally	originally	ADV
easat-10525	80	23	eliminated	eliminate	VERB
easat-10525	80	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	81	1	sift	sift	VERB
easat-10525	81	2	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	81	3	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	81	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	81	5	descriptors	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	81	6	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	81	7	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	81	8	to	to	PART
easat-10525	81	9	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	81	10	suspicious	suspicious	ADJ
easat-10525	81	11	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	81	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	81	13	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	81	14	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	81	15	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	81	16	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	81	17	aids	aid	NOUN
easat-10525	81	18	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	81	19	determining	determine	VERB
easat-10525	81	20	if	if	SCONJ
easat-10525	81	21	an	an	DET
easat-10525	81	22	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	81	23	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	81	24	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
easat-10525	81	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	82	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	82	2	ciratef	ciratef	NOUN
easat-10525	82	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	82	4	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	82	5	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	82	6	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	82	7	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
easat-10525	82	8	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	82	9	to	to	PART
easat-10525	82	10	localize	localize	VERB
easat-10525	82	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	82	12	manufactured	manufacture	VERB
easat-10525	82	13	pixels	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	82	14	[	[	X
easat-10525	82	15	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	82	16	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	82	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	83	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	83	2	separate	separate	ADJ
easat-10525	83	3	work	work	NOUN
easat-10525	83	4	introduces	introduce	VERB
easat-10525	83	5	a	a	DET
easat-10525	83	6	splicing	splicing	NOUN
easat-10525	83	7	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-10525	83	8	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	83	9	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	83	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	83	11	vgg-16	vgg-16	NOUN
easat-10525	83	12	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	83	13	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-10525	83	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	83	15	which	which	PRON
easat-10525	83	16	categorizes	categorize	VERB
easat-10525	83	17	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	83	18	patches	patch	NOUN
easat-10525	83	19	as	as	ADV
easat-10525	83	20	genuine	genuine	ADJ
easat-10525	83	21	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	83	22	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
easat-10525	83	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	83	24	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-10525	83	25	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	83	26	the	the	DET
easat-10525	83	27	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	83	28	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	83	29	splicing	splicing	NOUN
easat-10525	83	30	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	83	31	[	[	X
easat-10525	83	32	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	83	33	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	83	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	84	1	an	an	DET
easat-10525	84	2	alternative	alternative	ADJ
easat-10525	84	3	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	84	4	utilizes	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	84	5	singular	singular	ADJ
easat-10525	84	6	value	value	NOUN
easat-10525	84	7	decomposition	decomposition	NOUN
easat-10525	84	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	84	9	svd	svd	PROPN
easat-10525	84	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	84	11	hashing	hashing	NOUN
easat-10525	84	12	to	to	PART
easat-10525	84	13	produce	produce	VERB
easat-10525	84	14	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-10525	84	15	hash	hash	NOUN
easat-10525	84	16	vectors	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	84	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	84	18	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
easat-10525	84	19	the	the	DET
easat-10525	84	20	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-10525	84	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	84	22	location	location	NOUN
easat-10525	84	23	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	84	24	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	84	25	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	84	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	85	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	85	2	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	85	3	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10525	85	4	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10525	85	5	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
easat-10525	85	6	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	85	7	modest	modest	ADJ
easat-10525	85	8	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-10525	85	9	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	85	10	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	85	11	remaining	remain	VERB
easat-10525	85	12	resilient	resilient	ADJ
easat-10525	85	13	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	85	14	content	content	NOUN
easat-10525	85	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	85	16	preserving	preserve	VERB
easat-10525	85	17	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
easat-10525	85	18	[	[	X
easat-10525	85	19	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	85	20	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	85	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	86	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	86	2	sift	sift	NOUN
easat-10525	86	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	86	4	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	86	5	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	86	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	86	7	duplicate	duplicate	ADJ
easat-10525	86	8	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	86	9	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	86	10	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	86	11	introduced	introduce	VERB
easat-10525	86	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	86	13	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	86	14	invariant	invariant	ADJ
easat-10525	86	15	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	86	16	707	707	NUM
easat-10525	86	17	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	86	18	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	86	19	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	86	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	86	21	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	86	22	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	86	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	86	24	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	86	25	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	86	26	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	86	27	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	86	28	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	87	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	87	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	87	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	87	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	87	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	87	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	87	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	87	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	87	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	87	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	87	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	87	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	87	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	87	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	87	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	87	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	87	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	87	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	87	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	87	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	87	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	87	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	87	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	87	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	87	26	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	87	27	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	87	28	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	87	29	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	87	30	resilient	resilient	ADJ
easat-10525	87	31	to	to	PART
easat-10525	87	32	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-10525	87	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	87	34	transformations	transformation	NOUN
easat-10525	87	35	[	[	X
easat-10525	87	36	11	11	NUM
easat-10525	87	37	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	87	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	88	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	88	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-10525	88	3	presents	present	VERB
easat-10525	88	4	an	an	DET
easat-10525	88	5	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-10525	88	6	similarity	similarity	NOUN
easat-10525	88	7	metric	metric	NOUN
easat-10525	88	8	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	88	9	integrates	integrate	VERB
easat-10525	88	10	cosine	cosine	NOUN
easat-10525	88	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	88	12	jaccard	jaccard	ADJ
easat-10525	88	13	indices	index	NOUN
easat-10525	88	14	to	to	PART
easat-10525	88	15	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	88	16	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	88	17	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	88	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	89	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	89	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	89	3	incorporates	incorporate	VERB
easat-10525	89	4	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	89	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	89	6	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-10525	89	7	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	89	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	89	9	rotated	rotate	VERB
easat-10525	89	10	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	89	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	89	12	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	89	13	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	89	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	89	15	improving	improve	VERB
easat-10525	89	16	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	89	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	89	18	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	89	19	through	through	ADP
easat-10525	89	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	89	21	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	89	22	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	89	23	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	89	24	blocks	block	NOUN
easat-10525	89	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	89	26	the	the	DET
easat-10525	89	27	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-10525	89	28	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	89	29	similarity	similarity	NOUN
easat-10525	90	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	90	2	12	12	NUM
easat-10525	90	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	90	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	91	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	91	2	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-10525	91	3	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	91	4	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	91	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	91	6	blocking	block	VERB
easat-10525	91	7	artifact	artifact	ADJ
easat-10525	91	8	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-10525	91	9	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-10525	91	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	91	11	bacm	bacm	NOUN
easat-10525	91	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	91	13	detects	detect	NOUN
easat-10525	91	14	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	91	15	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	91	16	jpeg	jpeg	NOUN
easat-10525	91	17	retargeted	retargete	VERB
easat-10525	91	18	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	91	19	due	due	ADJ
easat-10525	91	20	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	91	21	seam	seam	NOUN
easat-10525	91	22	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	91	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	91	24	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-10525	91	25	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	91	26	the	the	DET
easat-10525	91	27	source	source	NOUN
easat-10525	91	28	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	91	29	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10525	91	30	[	[	X
easat-10525	91	31	13	13	NUM
easat-10525	91	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	91	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	92	1	another	another	DET
easat-10525	92	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	92	3	examines	examine	VERB
easat-10525	92	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	92	5	application	application	NOUN
easat-10525	92	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	92	7	texture	texture	ADJ
easat-10525	92	8	descriptor	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	92	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	92	10	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	92	11	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	92	12	to	to	PART
easat-10525	92	13	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	92	14	splicing	splicing	NOUN
easat-10525	92	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	92	16	copymove	copymove	ADJ
easat-10525	92	17	frauds	fraud	NOUN
easat-10525	92	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	93	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	93	2	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	93	3	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	93	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	93	5	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-10525	93	6	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	93	7	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-10525	93	8	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	93	9	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-10525	93	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	93	11	improves	improve	VERB
easat-10525	93	12	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	93	13	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	93	14	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	93	15	converting	convert	VERB
easat-10525	93	16	an	an	DET
easat-10525	93	17	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	93	18	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	93	19	ycbcr	ycbcr	ADJ
easat-10525	93	20	format	format	NOUN
easat-10525	93	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	93	22	applying	apply	VERB
easat-10525	93	23	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10525	93	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	93	25	order	order	NOUN
easat-10525	93	26	texture	texture	NOUN
easat-10525	93	27	descriptors	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	93	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	93	29	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-10525	93	30	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-10525	93	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	93	32	std	std	NOUN
easat-10525	93	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	93	34	filters	filter	NOUN
easat-10525	93	35	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	93	36	the	the	DET
easat-10525	93	37	cb	cb	PROPN
easat-10525	93	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	93	39	cr	cr	PROPN
easat-10525	93	40	components	component	NOUN
easat-10525	93	41	[	[	X
easat-10525	93	42	14	14	NUM
easat-10525	93	43	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	93	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	94	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	94	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	94	3	introduces	introduce	VERB
easat-10525	94	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	94	5	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-10525	94	6	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	94	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	94	8	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	94	9	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-10525	94	10	model	model	NOUN
easat-10525	94	11	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	94	12	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	94	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	94	14	pinpointing	pinpoint	VERB
easat-10525	94	15	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	94	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	94	17	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	94	18	frauds	fraud	NOUN
easat-10525	94	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	94	20	merging	merge	VERB
easat-10525	94	21	densely	densely	ADV
easat-10525	94	22	connected	connect	VERB
easat-10525	94	23	networks	network	NOUN
easat-10525	94	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	94	25	densenets	densenet	NOUN
easat-10525	94	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	94	27	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	94	28	generative	generative	ADJ
easat-10525	94	29	adversarial	adversarial	ADJ
easat-10525	94	30	networks	network	NOUN
easat-10525	94	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	94	32	gans	gan	NOUN
easat-10525	94	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	94	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	95	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	95	2	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-10525	95	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-10525	95	4	utilizes	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	95	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	95	6	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-10525	95	7	fish	fish	NOUN
easat-10525	95	8	swarm	swarm	NOUN
easat-10525	95	9	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	95	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	95	11	afsa	afsa	PROPN
easat-10525	95	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	95	13	to	to	PART
easat-10525	95	14	adjust	adjust	VERB
easat-10525	95	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	95	16	weight	weight	NOUN
easat-10525	95	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	95	18	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-10525	95	19	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-10525	95	20	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	95	21	the	the	DET
easat-10525	95	22	extreme	extreme	ADJ
easat-10525	95	23	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	95	24	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-10525	95	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	95	26	elm	elm	NOUN
easat-10525	95	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	95	28	classifier	classifier	NOUN
easat-10525	95	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	95	30	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-10525	95	31	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	95	32	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	95	33	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	95	34	[	[	X
easat-10525	95	35	15	15	NUM
easat-10525	95	36	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	95	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	96	1	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-10525	96	2	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-10525	96	3	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-10525	96	4	networks	network	NOUN
easat-10525	96	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	96	6	cnns	cnns	PROPN
easat-10525	96	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	96	8	have	have	AUX
easat-10525	96	9	been	be	AUX
easat-10525	96	10	examined	examine	VERB
easat-10525	96	11	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	96	12	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-10525	96	13	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	96	14	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	96	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	96	16	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-10525	96	17	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-10525	96	18	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	96	19	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-10525	96	20	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	96	21	processing	processing	ADJ
easat-10525	96	22	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	96	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	96	24	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	96	25	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-10525	96	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	97	1	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-10525	97	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	97	3	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	97	4	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	97	5	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	97	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	97	7	casia	casia	NOUN
easat-10525	97	8	v2.0	v2.0	PROPN
easat-10525	97	9	dataset	dataset	PROPN
easat-10525	97	10	have	have	AUX
easat-10525	97	11	been	be	AUX
easat-10525	97	12	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	97	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	97	14	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10525	97	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	97	16	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-10525	97	17	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	97	18	fine	fine	ADV
easat-10525	97	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	97	20	tuned	tune	VERB
easat-10525	97	21	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	97	22	models	model	NOUN
easat-10525	97	23	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	97	24	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	97	25	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	97	26	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	97	27	[	[	X
easat-10525	97	28	16	16	NUM
easat-10525	97	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	97	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	98	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	98	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	98	3	examines	examine	VERB
easat-10525	98	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	98	5	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-10525	98	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	98	7	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-10525	98	8	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-10525	98	9	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	98	10	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-10525	98	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	98	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	98	13	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	98	14	passive	passive	ADJ
easat-10525	98	15	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	98	16	forensic	forensic	ADJ
easat-10525	98	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10525	98	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	98	19	providing	provide	VERB
easat-10525	98	20	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-10525	98	21	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	98	22	the	the	DET
easat-10525	98	23	development	development	NOUN
easat-10525	98	24	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	98	25	more	more	ADV
easat-10525	98	26	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-10525	98	27	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	98	28	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	98	29	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	98	30	[	[	X
easat-10525	98	31	17	17	NUM
easat-10525	98	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	98	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	99	1	finally	finally	ADV
easat-10525	99	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	99	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	99	4	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	99	5	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	99	6	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	99	7	one	one	NUM
easat-10525	99	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-10525	99	9	addresses	address	NOUN
easat-10525	99	10	cfa	cfa	PROPN
easat-10525	99	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	99	12	color	color	NOUN
easat-10525	99	13	filter	filter	NOUN
easat-10525	99	14	array	array	NOUN
easat-10525	99	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	99	16	artifacts	artifact	NOUN
easat-10525	99	17	resulting	result	VERB
easat-10525	99	18	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	99	19	the	the	DET
easat-10525	99	20	interpolation	interpolation	NOUN
easat-10525	99	21	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	99	22	acquired	acquire	VERB
easat-10525	99	23	pixels	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	99	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	100	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	100	2	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	100	3	evaluates	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	100	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	100	5	probability	probability	NOUN
easat-10525	100	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	100	7	pixel	pixel	ADJ
easat-10525	100	8	interpolation	interpolation	NOUN
easat-10525	100	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	100	10	employs	employ	VERB
easat-10525	100	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	100	12	discrete	discrete	ADJ
easat-10525	100	13	cosine	cosine	NOUN
easat-10525	100	14	transform	transform	NOUN
easat-10525	100	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	100	16	dct	dct	PROPN
easat-10525	100	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	100	18	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	100	19	designated	designate	VERB
easat-10525	100	20	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	100	21	to	to	PART
easat-10525	100	22	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	100	23	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	100	24	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	100	25	[	[	X
easat-10525	100	26	18	18	NUM
easat-10525	100	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	100	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	101	2	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10525	101	3	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	101	4	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-10525	101	5	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	101	6	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	101	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	101	8	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	101	9	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	101	10	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	101	11	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	101	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	13	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-10525	101	14	various	various	ADJ
easat-10525	101	15	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	101	16	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	101	17	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	101	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-10525	101	19	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	101	20	surf	surf	NOUN
easat-10525	101	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	22	pca	pca	PROPN
easat-10525	101	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	101	25	hog	hog	NOUN
easat-10525	101	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	27	histogram	histogram	NOUN
easat-10525	101	28	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	101	29	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-10525	101	30	gradients	gradient	NOUN
easat-10525	101	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	33	which	which	PRON
easat-10525	101	34	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	101	35	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
easat-10525	101	36	input	input	ADJ
easat-10525	101	37	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	101	38	an	an	DET
easat-10525	101	39	optimized	optimize	VERB
easat-10525	101	40	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-10525	101	41	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-10525	101	42	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	101	43	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	44	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	101	45	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	46	to	to	PART
easat-10525	101	47	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	101	48	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	101	49	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	101	50	[	[	X
easat-10525	101	51	19	19	NUM
easat-10525	101	52	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	101	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	102	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	102	2	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	102	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-10525	102	4	some	some	DET
easat-10525	102	5	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-10525	102	6	papers	paper	NOUN
easat-10525	102	7	specifying	specify	VERB
easat-10525	102	8	their	their	PRON
easat-10525	102	9	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	102	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	102	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	102	12	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	102	13	used	use	VERB
easat-10525	102	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	103	1	708	708	NUM
easat-10525	103	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	103	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	103	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	103	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	103	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	103	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	103	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	103	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	103	10	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	103	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	103	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	103	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	104	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	104	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	104	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	104	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	104	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	104	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	104	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	104	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	104	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	104	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	104	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	104	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	104	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	104	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	104	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	104	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	104	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	104	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	104	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	104	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	104	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	104	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	104	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	104	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	104	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	104	26	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	104	27	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	104	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	104	29	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	104	30	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	104	31	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	104	32	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	104	33	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	104	34	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	104	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	105	1	author	author	NOUN
easat-10525	105	2	method	method	PROPN
easat-10525	105	3	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	105	4	remark	remark	NOUN
easat-10525	105	5	kaushik	kaushik	PROPN
easat-10525	105	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	105	7	kandali	kandali	VERB
easat-10525	105	8	[	[	X
easat-10525	105	9	20	20	NUM
easat-10525	105	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	105	11	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN
easat-10525	105	12	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	105	13	nca	nca	PROPN
easat-10525	105	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	105	15	neighborhood	neighborhood	NOUN
easat-10525	105	16	component	component	NOUN
easat-10525	105	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10525	105	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	105	19	svm	svm	NOUN
easat-10525	105	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	105	21	support	support	NOUN
easat-10525	105	22	vector	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	105	23	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-10525	105	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	105	25	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	105	26	casia	casia	NOUN
easat-10525	105	27	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	105	28	this	this	DET
easat-10525	105	29	article	article	NOUN
easat-10525	105	30	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	105	31	a	a	DET
easat-10525	105	32	highly	highly	ADV
easat-10525	105	33	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-10525	105	34	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	105	35	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	105	36	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	105	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	106	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	106	2	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-10525	106	3	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	106	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	106	5	nca	nca	NOUN
easat-10525	106	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	106	7	svm	svm	ADJ
easat-10525	106	8	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	106	9	has	have	VERB
easat-10525	106	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	106	11	highest	high	ADJ
easat-10525	106	12	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	106	13	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	106	14	98.00	98.00	NUM
easat-10525	106	15	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	106	16	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	106	17	micc	micc	NOUN
easat-10525	106	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	106	19	f220	f220	PROPN
easat-10525	106	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	106	21	97.62	97.62	NUM
easat-10525	106	22	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	106	23	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	106	24	casia	casia	NOUN
easat-10525	106	25	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	106	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	107	1	these	these	DET
easat-10525	107	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-10525	107	3	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10525	107	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	107	5	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	107	6	's	's	PART
easat-10525	107	7	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-10525	107	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	107	9	versatility	versatility	NOUN
easat-10525	107	10	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	107	11	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	107	12	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	107	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	107	14	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	107	15	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	107	16	across	across	ADP
easat-10525	107	17	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	107	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	108	1	fu	fu	PROPN
easat-10525	108	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	108	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-10525	108	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-10525	108	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	109	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	109	2	21	21	NUM
easat-10525	109	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	109	4	accelerated	accelerate	VERB
easat-10525	109	5	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-10525	109	6	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	109	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	109	8	surf	surf	NOUN
easat-10525	109	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	109	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	109	11	kaze	kaze	NOUN
easat-10525	109	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	109	13	a	a	DET
easat-10525	109	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	109	15	kaze	kaze	NOUN
easat-10525	109	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	109	17	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	109	18	used	use	VERB
easat-10525	109	19	to	to	PART
easat-10525	109	20	extract	extract	VERB
easat-10525	109	21	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-10525	109	22	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	109	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	110	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	110	2	density	density	NOUN
easat-10525	110	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	110	4	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	110	5	spatial	spatial	ADJ
easat-10525	110	6	clustering	clustering	NOUN
easat-10525	110	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	110	8	applications	application	NOUN
easat-10525	110	9	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	110	10	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-10525	110	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	110	12	dbscan	dbscan	NOUN
easat-10525	110	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	110	14	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	110	15	reduces	reduce	VERB
easat-10525	110	16	erroneous	erroneous	ADJ
easat-10525	110	17	positives	positive	NOUN
easat-10525	110	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	110	19	incompatible	incompatible	ADJ
easat-10525	110	20	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10525	110	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	111	1	comofod	comofod	VERB
easat-10525	111	2	ardizzone	ardizzone	NOUN
easat-10525	111	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	111	4	comofod	comofod	VERB
easat-10525	111	5	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	111	6	tested	test	VERB
easat-10525	111	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	111	8	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	111	9	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	111	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	112	1	results	result	NOUN
easat-10525	112	2	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-10525	112	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	112	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	112	5	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	112	6	was	be	AUX
easat-10525	112	7	resistant	resistant	ADJ
easat-10525	112	8	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	112	9	post	post	ADJ
easat-10525	112	10	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	112	11	processing	processing	ADJ
easat-10525	112	12	procedures	procedure	NOUN
easat-10525	112	13	such	such	ADJ
easat-10525	112	14	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	112	15	alteration	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	112	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	112	17	scaling	scaling	NOUN
easat-10525	112	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	112	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	112	20	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-10525	112	21	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
easat-10525	112	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	112	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	112	24	improved	improve	VERB
easat-10525	112	25	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	112	26	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	112	27	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	112	28	95	95	NUM
easat-10525	112	29	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	112	30	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	112	31	smooth	smooth	ADJ
easat-10525	112	32	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	112	33	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	112	34	reducing	reduce	VERB
easat-10525	112	35	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-10525	112	36	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-10525	112	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	113	1	asghar	asghar	PROPN
easat-10525	113	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	113	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-10525	113	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-10525	113	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	114	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	114	2	22	22	NUM
easat-10525	114	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	114	4	support	support	NOUN
easat-10525	114	5	vector	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	114	6	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-10525	114	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	114	8	svm	svm	PROPN
easat-10525	114	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	114	10	combined	combine	VERB
easat-10525	114	11	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	114	12	fft	fft	PROPN
easat-10525	114	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	114	14	drlbp	drlbp	INTJ
easat-10525	114	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	114	16	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	114	17	fourier	fourier	NOUN
easat-10525	114	18	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-10525	114	19	discriminative	discriminative	NOUN
easat-10525	114	20	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-10525	114	21	local	local	ADJ
easat-10525	114	22	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-10525	114	23	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-10525	114	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	114	25	casia	casia	NOUN
easat-10525	114	26	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	114	27	+	+	NUM
easat-10525	114	28	comofods	comofod	NOUN
easat-10525	114	29	this	this	DET
easat-10525	114	30	work	work	NOUN
easat-10525	114	31	extensively	extensively	ADV
easat-10525	114	32	tests	test	VERB
easat-10525	114	33	the	the	DET
easat-10525	114	34	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	114	35	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	114	36	benchmark	benchmark	NOUN
easat-10525	114	37	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	114	38	to	to	PART
easat-10525	114	39	validate	validate	VERB
easat-10525	114	40	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	114	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	115	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	115	2	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-10525	115	3	99.21	99.21	NUM
easat-10525	115	4	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	115	5	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	115	6	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	115	7	two	two	NUM
easat-10525	115	8	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-10525	115	9	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	115	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	116	1	diaa	diaa	PROPN
easat-10525	116	2	[	[	X
easat-10525	116	3	23	23	NUM
easat-10525	116	4	]	]	X
easat-10525	116	5	simple	simple	ADJ
easat-10525	116	6	linear	linear	ADJ
easat-10525	116	7	iterative	iterative	NOUN
easat-10525	116	8	clustering	clustering	NOUN
easat-10525	116	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	116	10	slic	slic	ADJ
easat-10525	116	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	116	12	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	116	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	116	14	speeded	speed	VERB
easat-10525	116	15	up	up	ADP
easat-10525	116	16	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-10525	116	17	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	116	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	116	19	surf	surf	NOUN
easat-10525	116	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	116	21	detector	detector	NOUN
easat-10525	116	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	116	23	generative	generative	ADJ
easat-10525	116	24	adversarial	adversarial	ADJ
easat-10525	116	25	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	116	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	116	27	gan	gan	PROPN
easat-10525	116	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	116	29	comofod	comofod	VERB
easat-10525	116	30	+	+	CCONJ
easat-10525	116	31	micc	micc	NOUN
easat-10525	116	32	f220	f220	PROPN
easat-10525	117	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	117	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	117	3	was	be	AUX
easat-10525	117	4	tested	test	VERB
easat-10525	117	5	against	against	ADP
easat-10525	117	6	scaling	scaling	NOUN
easat-10525	117	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	117	8	rotation	rotation	NOUN
easat-10525	117	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	117	10	blurring	blurring	NOUN
easat-10525	117	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	117	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	117	13	jpg	jpg	NOUN
easat-10525	117	14	compression	compression	NOUN
easat-10525	117	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	118	1	test	test	NOUN
easat-10525	118	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-10525	118	3	showed	show	VERB
easat-10525	118	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	118	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	118	6	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	118	7	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	118	8	detected	detect	VERB
easat-10525	118	9	various	various	ADJ
easat-10525	118	10	cmfs	cmfs	NOUN
easat-10525	118	11	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	118	12	91.41	91.41	NUM
easat-10525	118	13	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	118	14	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	118	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	119	1	finally	finally	ADV
easat-10525	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	119	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	119	4	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	119	5	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	119	6	was	be	AUX
easat-10525	119	7	compared	compare	VERB
easat-10525	119	8	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	119	9	cutting	cut	VERB
easat-10525	119	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	119	11	edge	edge	NOUN
easat-10525	119	12	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	119	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	120	1	chaitra	chaitra	PROPN
easat-10525	120	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	120	3	reddy	reddy	PROPN
easat-10525	121	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	121	2	24	24	NUM
easat-10525	121	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	121	4	fractional	fractional	ADJ
easat-10525	121	5	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-10525	121	6	harris	harris	PROPN
easat-10525	121	7	hawks	hawks	PROPN
easat-10525	121	8	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-10525	121	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	121	10	flhho)-based	flhho)-base	VERB
easat-10525	121	11	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-10525	121	12	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-10525	121	13	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-10525	121	14	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	121	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	121	16	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	121	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	121	18	unknown	unknown	ADJ
easat-10525	121	19	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-10525	121	20	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	121	21	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	121	22	qualified	qualified	ADJ
easat-10525	121	23	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	121	24	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-10525	121	25	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	121	26	trained	train	VERB
easat-10525	121	27	googlenet	googlenet	NOUN
easat-10525	121	28	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-10525	121	29	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	121	30	this	this	DET
easat-10525	121	31	article	article	NOUN
easat-10525	121	32	to	to	PART
easat-10525	121	33	detect	detect	VERB
easat-10525	121	34	several	several	ADJ
easat-10525	121	35	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	121	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	122	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-10525	122	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	122	3	fractional	fractional	ADJ
easat-10525	122	4	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-10525	122	5	harris	harris	PROPN
easat-10525	122	6	hawks	hawks	PROPN
easat-10525	122	7	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-10525	122	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	122	9	flhho	flhho	NOUN
easat-10525	122	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	122	11	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	122	12	created	create	VERB
easat-10525	122	13	to	to	PART
easat-10525	122	14	alter	alter	VERB
easat-10525	122	15	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-10525	122	16	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	122	17	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-10525	122	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	122	19	weights	weight	NOUN
easat-10525	122	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	123	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	123	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	123	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	123	4	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	123	5	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	123	6	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-10525	123	7	like	like	ADP
easat-10525	123	8	93	93	NUM
easat-10525	123	9	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	123	10	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-10525	123	11	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	123	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	124	1	aydın	aydın	X
easat-10525	124	2	[	[	X
easat-10525	124	3	25	25	NUM
easat-10525	124	4	]	]	X
easat-10525	124	5	hessian	hessian	NOUN
easat-10525	124	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	124	7	raw	raw	ADJ
easat-10525	124	8	patch	patch	NOUN
easat-10525	124	9	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	124	10	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	124	11	grip	grip	NOUN
easat-10525	124	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	124	13	the	the	DET
easat-10525	124	14	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	124	15	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	124	16	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	124	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	124	18	imd	imd	PROPN
easat-10525	124	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	124	20	this	this	DET
easat-10525	124	21	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	124	22	used	use	VERB
easat-10525	124	23	the	the	DET
easat-10525	124	24	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	124	25	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	124	26	database	database	NOUN
easat-10525	124	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	124	28	imd	imd	PROPN
easat-10525	124	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	124	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	124	31	grip	grip	NOUN
easat-10525	124	32	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	124	33	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	124	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	124	35	characterization	characterization	NOUN
easat-10525	124	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	125	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	125	2	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10525	125	3	show	show	VERB
easat-10525	125	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	125	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	125	6	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	125	7	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-10525	125	8	100	100	NUM
easat-10525	125	9	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	125	10	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-10525	125	11	scores	score	NOUN
easat-10525	125	12	for	for	SCONJ
easat-10525	125	13	the	the	DET
easat-10525	125	14	grip	grip	NOUN
easat-10525	125	15	dataset	dataset	VERB
easat-10525	125	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	125	17	92.13	92.13	NUM
easat-10525	125	18	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	125	19	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	125	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	125	21	imd	imd	PROPN
easat-10525	125	22	database	database	NOUN
easat-10525	125	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	126	1	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-10525	126	2	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	126	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	126	4	procedures	procedure	NOUN
easat-10525	126	5	have	have	AUX
easat-10525	126	6	been	be	AUX
easat-10525	126	7	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	126	8	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	126	9	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	126	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	126	11	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	126	12	tampering	tampering	NOUN
easat-10525	126	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	126	14	each	each	PRON
easat-10525	126	15	possessing	possess	VERB
easat-10525	126	16	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-10525	126	17	advantages	advantage	NOUN
easat-10525	126	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	126	19	drawbacks	drawback	NOUN
easat-10525	126	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	127	1	although	although	SCONJ
easat-10525	127	2	block	block	NOUN
easat-10525	127	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	127	4	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	127	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	127	6	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	127	7	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	127	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	127	9	grounded	ground	VERB
easat-10525	127	10	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	127	11	demonstrate	demonstrate	NOUN
easat-10525	127	12	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-10525	127	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	127	14	they	they	PRON
easat-10525	127	15	continue	continue	VERB
easat-10525	127	16	to	to	PART
easat-10525	127	17	face	face	VERB
easat-10525	127	18	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-10525	127	19	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-10525	127	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	128	1	block	block	NOUN
easat-10525	128	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	128	3	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	128	4	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	128	5	have	have	VERB
easat-10525	128	6	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-10525	128	7	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	128	8	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	128	9	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-10525	128	10	modifications	modification	NOUN
easat-10525	128	11	because	because	SCONJ
easat-10525	128	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	128	13	overlapping	overlap	VERB
easat-10525	128	14	block	block	NOUN
easat-10525	128	15	divisions	division	NOUN
easat-10525	128	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	128	17	resulting	result	VERB
easat-10525	128	18	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	128	19	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	128	20	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	128	21	both	both	DET
easat-10525	128	22	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-10525	128	23	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	128	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	128	25	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	128	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	129	1	conversely	conversely	ADV
easat-10525	129	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	129	3	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	129	4	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	129	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	129	6	grounded	ground	VERB
easat-10525	129	7	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	129	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	129	9	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	129	10	proficient	proficient	ADJ
easat-10525	129	11	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	129	12	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	129	13	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-10525	129	14	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	129	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	129	16	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-10525	129	17	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-10525	129	18	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-10525	129	19	localization	localization	NOUN
easat-10525	129	20	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-10525	129	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	129	22	subpar	subpar	ADJ
easat-10525	129	23	true	true	ADJ
easat-10525	129	24	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-10525	129	25	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-10525	129	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	129	27	tpr	tpr	NOUN
easat-10525	129	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	129	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	130	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-10525	130	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	130	3	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-10525	130	4	current	current	ADJ
easat-10525	130	5	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	130	6	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-10525	130	7	constrained	constrain	VERB
easat-10525	130	8	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-10525	130	9	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	130	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	130	11	demand	demand	VERB
easat-10525	130	12	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-10525	130	13	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-10525	130	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	130	15	rendering	render	VERB
easat-10525	130	16	them	they	PRON
easat-10525	130	17	unfeasible	unfeasible	ADJ
easat-10525	130	18	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	130	19	real	real	ADJ
easat-10525	130	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	130	21	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	130	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	130	23	large	large	ADJ
easat-10525	130	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	130	25	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	130	26	applications	application	NOUN
easat-10525	130	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	131	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-10525	131	2	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-10525	131	3	developments	development	NOUN
easat-10525	131	4	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	131	5	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-10525	131	6	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	131	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	131	8	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-10525	131	9	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	131	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	131	11	these	these	DET
easat-10525	131	12	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-10525	131	13	endure	endure	VERB
easat-10525	131	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	131	15	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-10525	131	16	the	the	DET
easat-10525	131	17	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-10525	131	18	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	131	19	more	more	ADV
easat-10525	131	20	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-10525	131	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	131	22	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-10525	131	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	131	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	131	25	scalable	scalable	ADJ
easat-10525	131	26	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	131	27	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	131	28	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	131	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	132	1	below	below	ADV
easat-10525	132	2	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	132	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	132	4	major	major	ADJ
easat-10525	132	5	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-10525	132	6	identified	identify	VERB
easat-10525	132	7	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	132	8	existing	exist	VERB
easat-10525	132	9	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	132	10	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	132	11	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	132	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	133	1	1	1	X
easat-10525	133	2	.	.	X
easat-10525	133	3	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
easat-10525	133	4	block	block	NOUN
easat-10525	133	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	133	6	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	133	7	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	133	8	encounter	encounter	VERB
easat-10525	133	9	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-10525	133	10	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	133	11	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	133	12	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-10525	133	13	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	133	14	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	133	15	709	709	NUM
easat-10525	133	16	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	133	17	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	133	18	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	133	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	133	20	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	133	21	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	133	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	133	23	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	133	24	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	133	25	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	133	26	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	133	27	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	134	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	134	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	134	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	134	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	134	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	134	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	134	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	134	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	134	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	134	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	134	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	134	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	134	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	134	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	134	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	134	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	134	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	134	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	134	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	134	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	134	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	134	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	134	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	134	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	134	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	134	26	forging	forge	VERB
easat-10525	134	27	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	134	28	due	due	ADJ
easat-10525	134	29	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	134	30	overlapping	overlap	VERB
easat-10525	134	31	block	block	NOUN
easat-10525	134	32	divisions	division	NOUN
easat-10525	134	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	134	34	resulting	result	VERB
easat-10525	134	35	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	134	36	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	134	37	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	134	38	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-10525	134	39	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	134	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	134	41	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	134	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	135	1	2	2	X
easat-10525	135	2	.	.	X
easat-10525	135	3	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-10525	135	4	current	current	ADJ
easat-10525	135	5	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	135	6	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-10525	135	7	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-10525	135	8	localization	localization	NOUN
easat-10525	135	9	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	135	10	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	135	11	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	135	12	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	135	13	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	135	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	135	15	especially	especially	ADV
easat-10525	135	16	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	135	17	instances	instance	NOUN
easat-10525	135	18	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	135	19	intricate	intricate	ADJ
easat-10525	135	20	manipulations	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	135	21	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	135	22	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-10525	135	23	modifications	modification	NOUN
easat-10525	135	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	136	1	3	3	X
easat-10525	136	2	.	.	X
easat-10525	136	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	136	4	constrained	constrain	VERB
easat-10525	136	5	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-10525	136	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	136	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	136	8	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-10525	136	9	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-10525	136	10	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-10525	136	11	impede	impede	VERB
easat-10525	136	12	the	the	DET
easat-10525	136	13	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10525	136	14	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-10525	136	15	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	136	16	several	several	ADJ
easat-10525	136	17	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	136	18	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	136	19	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	136	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	137	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	137	2	major	major	ADJ
easat-10525	137	3	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-10525	137	4	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	137	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	137	6	development	development	NOUN
easat-10525	137	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	137	8	a	a	DET
easat-10525	137	9	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-10525	137	10	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	137	11	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	137	12	system	system	NOUN
easat-10525	137	13	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	137	14	addresses	address	VERB
easat-10525	137	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	137	16	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
easat-10525	137	17	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	137	18	block	block	NOUN
easat-10525	137	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	137	20	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	137	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	137	22	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	137	23	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	137	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	137	25	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	137	26	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	137	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	138	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	138	2	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	138	3	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	138	4	improves	improve	VERB
easat-10525	138	5	both	both	CCONJ
easat-10525	138	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	138	7	true	true	ADJ
easat-10525	138	8	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-10525	138	9	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-10525	138	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	138	11	tpr	tpr	NOUN
easat-10525	138	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	138	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	138	14	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-10525	138	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	138	16	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	138	17	merging	merge	VERB
easat-10525	138	18	the	the	DET
easat-10525	138	19	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	138	20	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	138	21	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	138	22	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	138	23	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	138	24	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	138	25	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	138	26	the	the	DET
easat-10525	138	27	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	138	28	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	138	29	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	138	30	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-10525	138	31	localization	localization	NOUN
easat-10525	138	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	139	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	139	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	139	3	proficiently	proficiently	ADV
easat-10525	139	4	tackles	tackle	VERB
easat-10525	139	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	139	6	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-10525	139	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	139	8	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	139	9	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-10525	139	10	modifications	modification	NOUN
easat-10525	139	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	139	12	large	large	ADJ
easat-10525	139	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	139	14	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	139	15	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	139	16	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	139	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	139	18	providing	provide	VERB
easat-10525	139	19	a	a	DET
easat-10525	139	20	resilient	resilient	ADJ
easat-10525	139	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	139	22	scalable	scalable	ADJ
easat-10525	139	23	solution	solution	NOUN
easat-10525	139	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	140	1	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-10525	140	2	contributions	contribution	NOUN
easat-10525	140	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	140	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	140	5	research	research	NOUN
easat-10525	140	6	work	work	NOUN
easat-10525	140	7	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	140	8	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	140	9	follows	follow	VERB
easat-10525	140	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	141	1	1	1	X
easat-10525	141	2	.	.	X
easat-10525	141	3	this	this	DET
easat-10525	141	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-10525	141	5	presents	present	VERB
easat-10525	141	6	a	a	DET
easat-10525	141	7	solution	solution	NOUN
easat-10525	141	8	to	to	PART
easat-10525	141	9	overcome	overcome	VERB
easat-10525	141	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	141	11	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
easat-10525	141	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	141	13	block	block	NOUN
easat-10525	141	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	141	15	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	141	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	141	17	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	141	18	pointgrounded	pointgrounde	VERB
easat-10525	141	19	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	141	20	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	141	21	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	141	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	142	1	although	although	SCONJ
easat-10525	142	2	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	142	3	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	142	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	142	5	grounded	ground	VERB
easat-10525	142	6	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	142	7	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	142	8	proficient	proficient	ADJ
easat-10525	142	9	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	142	10	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	142	11	geometrical	geometrical	ADJ
easat-10525	142	12	changes	change	NOUN
easat-10525	142	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	142	14	they	they	PRON
easat-10525	142	15	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-10525	142	16	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-10525	142	17	localization	localization	NOUN
easat-10525	142	18	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-10525	142	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	142	20	subpar	subpar	ADJ
easat-10525	142	21	true	true	ADJ
easat-10525	142	22	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-10525	142	23	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-10525	142	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	142	25	tpr	tpr	NOUN
easat-10525	142	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	142	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	143	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	143	2	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	143	3	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	143	4	aims	aim	VERB
easat-10525	143	5	to	to	PART
easat-10525	143	6	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	143	7	tpr	tpr	PROPN
easat-10525	143	8	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10525	143	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	143	10	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-10525	143	11	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	143	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	144	1	2	2	X
easat-10525	144	2	.	.	X
easat-10525	144	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	144	4	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	144	5	system	system	NOUN
easat-10525	144	6	utilizes	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	144	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	144	8	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	144	9	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	144	10	to	to	PART
easat-10525	144	11	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	144	12	salient	salient	ADJ
easat-10525	144	13	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	144	14	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	144	15	an	an	DET
easat-10525	144	16	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	144	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	144	18	applies	apply	VERB
easat-10525	144	19	the	the	DET
easat-10525	144	20	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	144	21	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	144	22	to	to	PART
easat-10525	144	23	pinpoint	pinpoint	VERB
easat-10525	144	24	the	the	DET
easat-10525	144	25	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	144	26	region	region	NOUN
easat-10525	144	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	145	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	145	2	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	145	3	guarantees	guarantee	VERB
easat-10525	145	4	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-10525	145	5	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	145	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	145	7	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
easat-10525	145	8	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	145	9	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	145	10	withstanding	withstand	VERB
easat-10525	145	11	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-10525	145	12	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	145	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	146	1	3	3	X
easat-10525	146	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	146	3	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	146	4	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-10525	146	5	these	these	DET
easat-10525	146	6	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
easat-10525	146	7	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	146	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	146	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	146	10	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	146	11	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	146	12	attains	attain	VERB
easat-10525	146	13	a	a	DET
easat-10525	146	14	balance	balance	NOUN
easat-10525	146	15	between	between	ADP
easat-10525	146	16	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	146	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	146	18	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-10525	146	19	expense	expense	NOUN
easat-10525	146	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	146	21	providing	provide	VERB
easat-10525	146	22	a	a	DET
easat-10525	146	23	more	more	ADV
easat-10525	146	24	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-10525	146	25	solution	solution	NOUN
easat-10525	146	26	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	146	27	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	146	28	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	146	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	147	1	3	3	X
easat-10525	147	2	.	.	X
easat-10525	147	3	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	147	4	this	this	DET
easat-10525	147	5	text	text	NOUN
easat-10525	147	6	presents	present	VERB
easat-10525	147	7	a	a	DET
easat-10525	147	8	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-10525	147	9	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	147	10	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	147	11	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	147	12	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	147	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	147	14	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	147	15	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	147	16	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	147	17	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	147	18	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	147	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	148	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	148	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	148	3	relies	rely	VERB
easat-10525	148	4	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	148	5	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	148	6	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	148	7	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	148	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	148	9	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	148	10	a	a	DET
easat-10525	148	11	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-10525	148	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	148	13	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	148	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	148	15	orb	orb	VERB
easat-10525	148	16	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	148	17	localization	localization	NOUN
easat-10525	148	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	148	19	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	148	20	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	148	21	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	148	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	148	23	followed	follow	VERB
easat-10525	148	24	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	148	25	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-10525	148	26	via	via	ADP
easat-10525	148	27	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	148	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	149	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	149	2	utilization	utilization	NOUN
easat-10525	149	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	149	4	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	149	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	149	6	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	149	7	reduces	reduce	VERB
easat-10525	149	8	both	both	CCONJ
easat-10525	149	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	149	10	wrong	wrong	ADJ
easat-10525	149	11	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	149	12	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-10525	149	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	149	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	149	15	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-10525	149	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	149	17	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-10525	149	18	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-10525	149	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	150	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	150	2	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	150	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-10525	150	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	150	5	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-10525	150	6	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10525	150	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	150	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	150	9	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	150	10	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	150	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	151	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	151	2	comofod	comofod	ADJ
easat-10525	151	3	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	151	4	was	be	AUX
easat-10525	151	5	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	151	6	to	to	PART
easat-10525	151	7	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	151	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	151	9	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	151	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	152	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	152	2	comofod	comofod	ADJ
easat-10525	152	3	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-10525	152	4	contains	contain	VERB
easat-10525	152	5	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	152	6	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	152	7	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
easat-10525	152	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	152	9	512	512	NUM
easat-10525	152	10	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	152	11	512	512	NUM
easat-10525	152	12	pixels	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	152	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	153	1	thirty	thirty	NUM
easat-10525	153	2	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	153	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	153	4	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	153	5	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
easat-10525	153	6	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	153	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	153	8	their	their	PRON
easat-10525	153	9	associated	associated	ADJ
easat-10525	153	10	genuine	genuine	ADJ
easat-10525	153	11	ones	one	NOUN
easat-10525	153	12	were	be	AUX
easat-10525	153	13	used	use	VERB
easat-10525	153	14	to	to	PART
easat-10525	153	15	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	153	16	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	153	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	153	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	154	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	154	2	initial	initial	ADJ
easat-10525	154	3	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10525	154	4	involves	involve	VERB
easat-10525	154	5	capturing	capture	VERB
easat-10525	154	6	a	a	DET
easat-10525	154	7	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	154	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	154	9	extracting	extract	VERB
easat-10525	154	10	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	154	11	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	154	12	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	154	13	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	154	14	used	use	VERB
easat-10525	154	15	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	154	16	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	154	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	154	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	155	1	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	155	2	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-10525	155	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	155	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	155	5	process	process	NOUN
easat-10525	155	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	155	7	recognizing	recognize	VERB
easat-10525	155	8	abstractions	abstraction	NOUN
easat-10525	155	9	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	155	10	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-10525	155	11	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10525	155	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	155	13	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	155	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	155	15	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-10525	155	16	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	155	17	a	a	DET
easat-10525	155	18	given	give	VERB
easat-10525	155	19	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	155	20	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	155	21	each	each	DET
easat-10525	155	22	location	location	NOUN
easat-10525	155	23	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	155	24	the	the	DET
easat-10525	155	25	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	155	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	156	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	156	2	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-10525	156	3	region	region	NOUN
easat-10525	156	4	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	156	5	an	an	DET
easat-10525	156	6	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	156	7	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	156	8	referred	refer	VERB
easat-10525	156	9	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	156	10	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	156	11	a	a	DET
easat-10525	156	12	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	156	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	157	1	our	our	PRON
easat-10525	157	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	157	3	employs	employ	VERB
easat-10525	157	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	157	5	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	157	6	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	157	7	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	157	8	rapid	rapid	ADJ
easat-10525	157	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	157	10	precise	precise	ADJ
easat-10525	157	11	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	157	12	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	157	13	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	157	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	157	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	157	16	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	157	17	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	157	18	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	157	19	object	object	NOUN
easat-10525	157	20	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	157	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	158	1	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	158	2	correspondences	correspondence	NOUN
easat-10525	158	3	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	158	4	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-10525	158	5	established	establish	VERB
easat-10525	158	6	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	158	7	contrasting	contrast	VERB
easat-10525	158	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	158	9	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	158	10	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	158	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	158	12	two	two	NUM
easat-10525	158	13	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-10525	158	14	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	158	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	159	1	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	159	2	locations	location	NOUN
easat-10525	159	3	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	159	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	159	5	single	single	ADJ
easat-10525	159	6	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	159	7	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	159	8	supplied	supply	VERB
easat-10525	159	9	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	159	10	a	a	DET
easat-10525	159	11	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	159	12	classifier	classifier	NOUN
easat-10525	159	13	to	to	PART
easat-10525	159	14	detect	detect	VERB
easat-10525	159	15	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	159	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	159	17	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	159	18	frauds	fraud	NOUN
easat-10525	159	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	160	1	analogous	analogous	ADJ
easat-10525	160	2	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	160	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-10525	160	4	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	160	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	160	6	an	an	DET
easat-10525	160	7	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	160	8	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	160	9	have	have	AUX
easat-10525	160	10	been	be	AUX
easat-10525	160	11	modified	modify	VERB
easat-10525	160	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	161	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	161	2	fabricated	fabricate	VERB
easat-10525	161	3	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	161	4	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	161	5	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
easat-10525	161	6	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	161	7	derived	derive	VERB
easat-10525	161	8	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	161	9	analyzing	analyze	VERB
easat-10525	161	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	161	11	vicinity	vicinity	NOUN
easat-10525	161	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	161	13	the	the	DET
easat-10525	161	14	designated	designate	VERB
easat-10525	161	15	places	place	NOUN
easat-10525	161	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	162	1	710	710	NUM
easat-10525	162	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	162	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	162	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	162	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	162	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	162	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	162	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	162	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	162	10	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	162	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	162	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	162	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	163	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	163	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	163	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	163	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	163	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	163	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	163	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	163	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	163	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	163	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	163	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	163	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	163	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	163	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	163	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	163	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	163	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	163	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	163	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	163	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	163	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	163	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	163	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	163	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	163	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	163	26	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	163	27	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	163	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	163	29	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	163	30	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	163	31	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	163	32	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	163	33	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	163	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	163	35	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	163	36	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	163	37	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	163	38	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	163	39	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	163	40	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	163	41	attacks	attack	NOUN
easat-10525	163	42	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	163	43	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	163	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	163	45	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	163	46	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	163	47	this	this	DET
easat-10525	163	48	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	163	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	164	1	ssds	ssds	NOUN
easat-10525	164	2	'	'	PART
easat-10525	164	3	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	164	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	164	5	speed	speed	NOUN
easat-10525	164	6	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	164	7	important	important	ADJ
easat-10525	164	8	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-10525	164	9	since	since	SCONJ
easat-10525	164	10	they	they	PRON
easat-10525	164	11	use	use	VERB
easat-10525	164	12	one	one	NUM
easat-10525	164	13	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	164	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	165	1	due	due	ADP
easat-10525	165	2	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	165	3	their	their	PRON
easat-10525	165	4	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-10525	165	5	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	165	6	trained	train	VERB
easat-10525	165	7	base	base	NOUN
easat-10525	165	8	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	165	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	165	10	ssds	ssds	NOUN
easat-10525	165	11	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	165	12	access	access	VERB
easat-10525	165	13	a	a	DET
easat-10525	165	14	multitude	multitude	NOUN
easat-10525	165	15	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	165	16	tagged	tag	VERB
easat-10525	165	17	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10525	165	18	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	165	19	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	165	20	categorization	categorization	NOUN
easat-10525	165	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	166	1	even	even	ADV
easat-10525	166	2	when	when	SCONJ
easat-10525	166	3	trained	train	VERB
easat-10525	166	4	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	166	5	small	small	ADJ
easat-10525	166	6	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	166	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	166	8	they	they	PRON
easat-10525	166	9	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-10525	166	10	high	high	ADJ
easat-10525	166	11	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	166	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	167	1	ssds	ssds	NOUN
easat-10525	167	2	have	have	VERB
easat-10525	167	3	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-10525	167	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	168	1	first	first	ADV
easat-10525	168	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	168	3	they	they	PRON
easat-10525	168	4	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	168	5	less	less	ADV
easat-10525	168	6	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-10525	168	7	than	than	ADP
easat-10525	168	8	r	r	NOUN
easat-10525	168	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	168	10	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	168	11	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	168	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	169	1	ssds	ssds	NOUN
easat-10525	169	2	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	169	3	not	not	PART
easat-10525	169	4	benefit	benefit	VERB
easat-10525	169	5	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	169	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	169	7	context	context	NOUN
easat-10525	169	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	169	9	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10525	169	10	provided	provide	VERB
easat-10525	169	11	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	169	12	several	several	ADJ
easat-10525	169	13	networks	network	NOUN
easat-10525	169	14	when	when	SCONJ
easat-10525	169	15	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	169	16	a	a	DET
easat-10525	169	17	single	single	ADJ
easat-10525	169	18	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	169	19	[	[	X
easat-10525	169	20	26	26	NUM
easat-10525	169	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	169	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	170	1	another	another	DET
easat-10525	170	2	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10525	170	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	170	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	170	5	ssds	ssds	NOUN
easat-10525	170	6	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	170	7	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ
easat-10525	170	8	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	170	9	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	170	10	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
easat-10525	170	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	171	1	ssds	ssds	NOUN
easat-10525	171	2	may	may	AUX
easat-10525	171	3	have	have	VERB
easat-10525	171	4	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-10525	171	5	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	171	6	items	item	NOUN
easat-10525	171	7	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	171	8	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	171	9	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-10525	171	10	smaller	small	ADJ
easat-10525	171	11	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	171	12	larger	large	ADJ
easat-10525	171	13	than	than	ADP
easat-10525	171	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	171	15	training	training	NOUN
easat-10525	171	16	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	171	17	since	since	SCONJ
easat-10525	171	18	the	the	DET
easat-10525	171	19	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-10525	171	20	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-10525	171	21	recognize	recognize	VERB
easat-10525	171	22	objects	object	NOUN
easat-10525	171	23	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	171	24	different	different	ADJ
easat-10525	171	25	scales	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	171	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	172	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	172	2	ssd	ssd	PROPN
easat-10525	172	3	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	172	4	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10525	172	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	172	6	object	object	NOUN
easat-10525	172	7	's	's	PART
easat-10525	172	8	category	category	NOUN
easat-10525	172	9	probability	probability	NOUN
easat-10525	172	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	172	11	position	position	NOUN
easat-10525	172	12	coordinate	coordinate	NOUN
easat-10525	172	13	value	value	NOUN
easat-10525	172	14	immediately	immediately	ADV
easat-10525	172	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	172	16	includes	include	VERB
easat-10525	172	17	target	target	NOUN
easat-10525	172	18	location	location	NOUN
easat-10525	172	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	172	20	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-10525	172	21	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	172	22	the	the	DET
easat-10525	172	23	forward	forward	ADJ
easat-10525	172	24	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-10525	172	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	173	1	one	one	NUM
easat-10525	173	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	173	3	step	step	NOUN
easat-10525	173	4	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	173	5	yields	yield	VERB
easat-10525	173	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	173	7	final	final	ADJ
easat-10525	173	8	result	result	NOUN
easat-10525	173	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	174	1	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	174	2	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	174	3	speed	speed	NOUN
easat-10525	174	4	increases	increase	NOUN
easat-10525	174	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	174	6	placement	placement	NOUN
easat-10525	174	7	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	174	8	falls	fall	VERB
easat-10525	174	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	175	1	ssd	ssd	PROPN
easat-10525	175	2	algorithm	algorithm	PROPN
easat-10525	175	3	uses	use	VERB
easat-10525	175	4	shallow	shallow	ADJ
easat-10525	175	5	high	high	ADJ
easat-10525	175	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	175	7	resolution	resolution	NOUN
easat-10525	175	8	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	175	9	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-10525	175	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	176	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	176	2	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-10525	176	3	's	's	PART
easat-10525	176	4	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-10525	176	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	176	6	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	176	7	expression	expression	NOUN
easat-10525	176	8	may	may	AUX
easat-10525	176	9	cause	cause	VERB
easat-10525	176	10	missed	miss	VERB
easat-10525	176	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	176	12	inaccurate	inaccurate	ADJ
easat-10525	176	13	detections	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	176	14	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	176	15	small	small	ADJ
easat-10525	176	16	targets	target	NOUN
easat-10525	176	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	177	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	177	2	work	work	NOUN
easat-10525	177	3	improves	improve	VERB
easat-10525	177	4	ssd	ssd	ADJ
easat-10525	177	5	object	object	NOUN
easat-10525	177	6	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	177	7	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	177	8	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	177	9	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	177	10	to	to	PART
easat-10525	177	11	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-10525	177	12	the	the	DET
easat-10525	177	13	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-10525	177	14	above	above	ADV
easat-10525	177	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	178	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	178	2	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	178	3	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-10525	178	4	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	178	5	shown	show	VERB
easat-10525	178	6	after	after	ADP
easat-10525	178	7	fusing	fuse	VERB
easat-10525	178	8	neighboring	neighboring	NOUN
easat-10525	178	9	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	178	10	maps	map	NOUN
easat-10525	178	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	179	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	179	2	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	179	3	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	179	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	179	5	description	description	NOUN
easat-10525	179	6	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	179	7	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	179	8	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	179	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	180	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	180	2	descriptor	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	180	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	180	4	computed	compute	VERB
easat-10525	180	5	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	180	6	each	each	DET
easat-10525	180	7	corner	corner	NOUN
easat-10525	180	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	180	9	an	an	DET
easat-10525	180	10	input	input	NOUN
easat-10525	180	11	pyramid	pyramid	NOUN
easat-10525	180	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	181	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	181	2	then	then	ADV
easat-10525	181	3	returns	return	VERB
easat-10525	181	4	each	each	DET
easat-10525	181	5	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	181	6	's	's	PART
easat-10525	181	7	bitstring	bitstring	NOUN
easat-10525	181	8	descriptor	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	181	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	181	10	coordinates	coordinate	NOUN
easat-10525	181	11	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	181	12	the	the	DET
easat-10525	181	13	input	input	NOUN
easat-10525	181	14	's	's	PART
easat-10525	181	15	highest	high	ADJ
easat-10525	181	16	resolution	resolution	NOUN
easat-10525	181	17	base	base	NOUN
easat-10525	181	18	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	181	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	182	1	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	182	2	outperforms	outperform	VERB
easat-10525	182	3	other	other	ADJ
easat-10525	182	4	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	182	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	182	6	description	description	NOUN
easat-10525	182	7	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	182	8	because	because	SCONJ
easat-10525	182	9	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	182	10	its	its	PRON
easat-10525	182	11	simplicity	simplicity	NOUN
easat-10525	182	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	182	13	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-10525	182	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	182	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	183	1	3.1	3.1	NUM
easat-10525	183	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	183	3	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	183	4	pre	pre	NOUN
easat-10525	183	5	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	183	6	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-10525	183	7	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	183	8	copymove	copymove	ADJ
easat-10525	183	9	attack	attack	NOUN
easat-10525	183	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	183	11	colored	color	VERB
easat-10525	183	12	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	183	13	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	183	14	first	first	ADV
easat-10525	183	15	grayscaled	grayscale	VERB
easat-10525	183	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	184	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	184	2	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-10525	184	3	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	184	4	rgb	rgb	PROPN
easat-10525	184	5	displays	display	NOUN
easat-10525	184	6	color	color	NOUN
easat-10525	184	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	185	1	most	most	ADJ
easat-10525	185	2	people	people	NOUN
easat-10525	185	3	use	use	VERB
easat-10525	185	4	rgb	rgb	PROPN
easat-10525	185	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	185	6	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	185	7	red	red	ADJ
easat-10525	185	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	185	9	green	green	ADJ
easat-10525	185	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	185	11	blue	blue	NOUN
easat-10525	185	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	186	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	186	2	name	name	NOUN
easat-10525	186	3	implies	imply	VERB
easat-10525	186	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	186	5	this	this	DET
easat-10525	186	6	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
easat-10525	186	7	represents	represent	VERB
easat-10525	186	8	colors	color	NOUN
easat-10525	186	9	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	186	10	red	red	ADJ
easat-10525	186	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	186	12	green	green	ADJ
easat-10525	186	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	186	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	186	15	blue	blue	ADJ
easat-10525	186	16	values	value	NOUN
easat-10525	186	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	187	1	globally	globally	ADV
easat-10525	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	187	3	most	most	ADJ
easat-10525	187	4	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	187	5	screens	screen	NOUN
easat-10525	187	6	use	use	VERB
easat-10525	187	7	rgb	rgb	PROPN
easat-10525	187	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	187	9	grayscale	grayscale	PROPN
easat-10525	187	10	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	187	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	187	12	simplest	simple	ADJ
easat-10525	187	13	way	way	NOUN
easat-10525	187	14	to	to	PART
easat-10525	187	15	express	express	VERB
easat-10525	187	16	colors	color	NOUN
easat-10525	187	17	because	because	SCONJ
easat-10525	187	18	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	187	19	employs	employ	VERB
easat-10525	187	20	only	only	ADV
easat-10525	187	21	brightness	brightness	NOUN
easat-10525	187	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	188	1	lightness	lightness	NOUN
easat-10525	188	2	runs	run	VERB
easat-10525	188	3	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	188	4	0	0	NUM
easat-10525	188	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	188	6	black	black	NOUN
easat-10525	188	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	188	8	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	188	9	255	255	NUM
easat-10525	188	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	188	11	white	white	PROPN
easat-10525	188	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	188	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	189	1	rgb	rgb	PROPN
easat-10525	189	2	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	189	3	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	189	4	more	more	ADV
easat-10525	189	5	informational	informational	ADJ
easat-10525	189	6	than	than	ADP
easat-10525	189	7	grayscale	grayscale	NOUN
easat-10525	189	8	ones	one	NOUN
easat-10525	189	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	190	1	because	because	SCONJ
easat-10525	190	2	grayscale	grayscale	NOUN
easat-10525	190	3	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	190	4	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	190	5	faster	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	190	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	190	7	require	require	VERB
easat-10525	190	8	less	less	ADJ
easat-10525	190	9	space	space	NOUN
easat-10525	190	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	190	11	they	they	PRON
easat-10525	190	12	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	190	13	often	often	ADV
easat-10525	190	14	employed	employ	VERB
easat-10525	190	15	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	190	16	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	190	17	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-10525	190	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	190	19	especially	especially	ADV
easat-10525	190	20	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	190	21	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-10525	190	22	computations	computation	NOUN
easat-10525	190	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	191	1	consider	consider	VERB
easat-10525	191	2	a	a	DET
easat-10525	191	3	color	color	NOUN
easat-10525	191	4	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	191	5	having	have	VERB
easat-10525	191	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	191	7	rgb	rgb	PROPN
easat-10525	191	8	value	value	NOUN
easat-10525	191	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	191	10	r	r	NOUN
easat-10525	191	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	191	12	g	g	NOUN
easat-10525	191	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	191	14	b	b	NOUN
easat-10525	191	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	191	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	191	17	where	where	SCONJ
easat-10525	191	18	r	r	NOUN
easat-10525	191	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	191	20	g	g	NOUN
easat-10525	191	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	191	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	191	23	b	b	NOUN
easat-10525	191	24	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	191	25	integers	integer	NOUN
easat-10525	191	26	between	between	ADP
easat-10525	191	27	0	0	NUM
easat-10525	191	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	191	29	255	255	NUM
easat-10525	191	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	192	1	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-10525	192	2	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	192	3	calculates	calculate	VERB
easat-10525	192	4	c	c	NUM
easat-10525	192	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	192	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	192	7	grayscale	grayscale	NOUN
easat-10525	192	8	weighted	weight	VERB
easat-10525	192	9	average	average	ADJ
easat-10525	192	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	193	1	𝐶	𝐶	PROPN
easat-10525	193	2	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10525	193	3	0.299𝑅	0.299𝑅	PUNCT
easat-10525	194	1	+	+	PUNCT
easat-10525	194	2	0.587𝐺	0.587𝐺	NOUN
easat-10525	194	3	+	+	NUM
easat-10525	194	4	0.114𝐵	0.114𝐵	NUM
easat-10525	194	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	194	6	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	194	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	194	8	3.2	3.2	NUM
easat-10525	194	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	195	1	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	195	2	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	195	3	module	module	NOUN
easat-10525	195	4	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	195	5	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	195	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	195	7	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	195	8	this	this	DET
easat-10525	195	9	module	module	NOUN
easat-10525	195	10	divides	divide	VERB
easat-10525	195	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	195	12	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-10525	195	13	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	195	14	processed	processed	ADJ
easat-10525	195	15	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	195	16	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	195	17	overlapping	overlap	VERB
easat-10525	195	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	195	19	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-10525	195	20	-	-	ADJ
easat-10525	195	21	sized	sized	ADJ
easat-10525	195	22	parts	part	NOUN
easat-10525	195	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	196	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	196	2	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	196	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-10525	196	4	how	how	SCONJ
easat-10525	196	5	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	196	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	196	7	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-10525	196	8	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	196	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	196	10	rotated	rotate	VERB
easat-10525	196	11	brief	brief	NOUN
easat-10525	196	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	196	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	196	14	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	196	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	196	16	single	single	ADJ
easat-10525	196	17	shot	shot	NOUN
easat-10525	196	18	detector	detector	NOUN
easat-10525	196	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	196	20	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	196	21	fused	fuse	VERB
easat-10525	196	22	to	to	PART
easat-10525	196	23	extract	extract	VERB
easat-10525	196	24	the	the	DET
easat-10525	196	25	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-10525	196	26	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	196	27	[	[	X
easat-10525	196	28	33ssd	33ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	196	29	uses	use	VERB
easat-10525	196	30	vgg16	vgg16	VERB
easat-10525	196	31	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	196	32	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	196	33	maps	map	NOUN
easat-10525	196	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	196	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	197	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	197	2	conv4_3	conv4_3	PROPN
easat-10525	197	3	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-10525	197	4	identifies	identify	VERB
easat-10525	197	5	objects	object	NOUN
easat-10525	197	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	198	1	orb	orb	PROPN
easat-10525	198	2	combines	combine	VERB
easat-10525	198	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	198	4	best	good	ADJ
easat-10525	198	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	198	6	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	198	7	descriptor	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	198	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	198	9	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	198	10	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	198	11	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	198	12	detector	detector	NOUN
easat-10525	198	13	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	198	14	a	a	DET
easat-10525	198	15	few	few	ADJ
easat-10525	198	16	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-10525	198	17	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	198	18	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	198	19	711	711	NUM
easat-10525	198	20	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	198	21	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	198	22	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	198	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	198	24	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	198	25	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	198	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	198	27	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	198	28	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	198	29	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	198	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	198	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	199	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	199	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	199	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	199	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	199	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	199	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	199	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	199	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	199	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	199	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	199	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	199	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	199	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	199	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	199	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	199	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	199	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	199	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	199	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	199	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	199	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	199	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	199	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	199	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	199	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	199	26	improve	improve	VERB
easat-10525	199	27	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	199	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	200	1	qualities	quality	NOUN
easat-10525	200	2	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	200	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	200	4	accelerated	accelerate	VERB
easat-10525	200	5	segment	segment	NOUN
easat-10525	200	6	test	test	NOUN
easat-10525	200	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	200	8	fast	fast	ADV
easat-10525	200	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	200	10	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	200	11	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	200	12	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	200	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	201	1	pyramids	pyramid	NOUN
easat-10525	201	2	generate	generate	VERB
easat-10525	201	3	multiscale	multiscale	ADJ
easat-10525	201	4	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	201	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	202	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	202	2	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	202	3	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	202	4	uses	use	VERB
easat-10525	202	5	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	202	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	202	7	orb	orb	VERB
easat-10525	202	8	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-10525	202	9	to	to	PART
easat-10525	202	10	extract	extract	VERB
easat-10525	202	11	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-10525	202	12	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	202	13	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	202	14	quick	quick	ADJ
easat-10525	202	15	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	202	16	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	202	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	202	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	203	1	pixel	pixel	PROPN
easat-10525	203	2	values	value	NOUN
easat-10525	203	3	range	range	VERB
easat-10525	203	4	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	203	5	0	0	NUM
easat-10525	203	6	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	203	7	255	255	NUM
easat-10525	203	8	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	203	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	203	10	grayscale	grayscale	NOUN
easat-10525	203	11	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	203	12	array	array	NOUN
easat-10525	203	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	203	14	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	203	15	rows	row	NOUN
easat-10525	203	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	203	17	columns	column	NOUN
easat-10525	203	18	denoted	denote	VERB
easat-10525	203	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	203	20	m	m	NOUN
easat-10525	203	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	203	22	n.	n.	VERB
easat-10525	203	23	the	the	DET
easat-10525	203	24	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10525	203	25	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	203	26	separated	separate	VERB
easat-10525	203	27	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	203	28	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	203	29	×	×	NOUN
easat-10525	203	30	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	203	31	subarrays	subarray	NOUN
easat-10525	203	32	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	203	33	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-10525	203	34	values	value	NOUN
easat-10525	203	35	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	203	36	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	203	37	rows	row	NOUN
easat-10525	203	38	×	×	NOUN
easat-10525	203	39	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	203	40	columns	column	NOUN
easat-10525	203	41	sequences	sequence	NOUN
easat-10525	203	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	204	1	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	204	2	finding	find	VERB
easat-10525	204	3	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	204	4	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-10525	204	5	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	204	6	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	204	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	204	8	[	[	X
easat-10525	204	9	27	27	NUM
easat-10525	204	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	204	11	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	204	12	the	the	DET
easat-10525	204	13	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	204	14	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	204	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	205	1	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	205	2	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-10525	205	3	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	205	4	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	205	5	well	well	ADV
easat-10525	205	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	205	7	defined	define	VERB
easat-10525	205	8	pixels	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	205	9	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	205	10	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	205	11	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	205	12	reliably	reliably	ADV
easat-10525	205	13	identified	identify	VERB
easat-10525	205	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	206	1	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-10525	206	2	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	206	3	should	should	AUX
easat-10525	206	4	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	206	5	repeated	repeat	VERB
easat-10525	206	6	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	206	7	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-10525	206	8	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	206	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	206	10	contain	contain	VERB
easat-10525	206	11	lots	lot	NOUN
easat-10525	206	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	206	13	local	local	ADJ
easat-10525	206	14	information	information	NOUN
easat-10525	206	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	207	1	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-10525	207	2	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	207	3	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	207	4	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	207	5	used	use	VERB
easat-10525	207	6	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	207	7	object	object	NOUN
easat-10525	207	8	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-10525	207	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	207	10	tracking	tracking	NOUN
easat-10525	207	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	207	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	207	13	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	207	14	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	207	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	208	1	fast	fast	PROPN
easat-10525	208	2	compares	compare	VERB
easat-10525	208	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	208	4	lighting	lighting	NOUN
easat-10525	208	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	208	6	a	a	DET
easat-10525	208	7	pixel	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	208	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	208	9	p	p	NOUN
easat-10525	208	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	208	11	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	208	12	an	an	DET
easat-10525	208	13	array	array	NOUN
easat-10525	208	14	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	208	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	208	16	16	16	NUM
easat-10525	208	17	pixels	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	208	18	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	208	19	form	form	VERB
easat-10525	208	20	a	a	DET
easat-10525	208	21	trivial	trivial	ADJ
easat-10525	208	22	circle	circle	NOUN
easat-10525	208	23	around	around	ADP
easat-10525	208	24	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	208	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	209	1	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	209	2	the	the	DET
easat-10525	209	3	circle	circle	NOUN
easat-10525	209	4	pixels	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	209	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	209	6	three	three	NUM
easat-10525	209	7	classes	class	NOUN
easat-10525	209	8	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	209	9	created	create	VERB
easat-10525	209	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	209	11	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-10525	209	12	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	209	13	p	p	PRON
easat-10525	209	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	209	15	darker	dark	ADJ
easat-10525	209	16	than	than	ADP
easat-10525	209	17	p	p	NOUN
easat-10525	209	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	209	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	209	20	lighter	light	ADJ
easat-10525	209	21	than	than	ADP
easat-10525	209	22	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10525	209	23	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	209	24	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	209	25	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	209	26	pixels	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	209	27	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	209	28	least	least	ADV
easat-10525	209	29	eight	eight	NUM
easat-10525	209	30	pixels	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	209	31	lighter	lighter	ADV
easat-10525	209	32	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	209	33	brighter	bright	ADJ
easat-10525	209	34	than	than	ADP
easat-10525	209	35	p	p	NOUN
easat-10525	209	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	209	37	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	209	38	seen	see	VERB
easat-10525	209	39	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	209	40	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	209	41	3	3	NUM
easat-10525	209	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	210	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-10525	210	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	210	3	rapid	rapid	ADJ
easat-10525	210	4	important	important	ADJ
easat-10525	210	5	spots	spot	NOUN
easat-10525	210	6	reveal	reveal	VERB
easat-10525	210	7	a	a	DET
easat-10525	210	8	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	210	9	's	's	PART
easat-10525	210	10	edges	edge	NOUN
easat-10525	210	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	211	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-10525	211	2	3	3	NUM
easat-10525	211	3	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	211	4	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	211	5	corner	corner	NOUN
easat-10525	211	6	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	211	7	diagram	diagram	NOUN
easat-10525	211	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	212	1	multiscale	multiscale	NOUN
easat-10525	212	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	212	3	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	212	4	elements	element	NOUN
easat-10525	212	5	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	212	6	inattentive	inattentive	ADJ
easat-10525	212	7	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	212	8	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	212	9	characters	character	NOUN
easat-10525	212	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	213	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	213	2	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	213	3	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	213	4	uses	use	VERB
easat-10525	213	5	a	a	DET
easat-10525	213	6	multiscale	multiscale	ADJ
easat-10525	213	7	photo	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	213	8	pyramid	pyramid	NOUN
easat-10525	213	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	214	1	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	214	2	pyramids	pyramid	NOUN
easat-10525	214	3	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	214	4	multiscale	multiscale	ADJ
easat-10525	214	5	depictions	depiction	NOUN
easat-10525	214	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	214	7	a	a	DET
easat-10525	214	8	single	single	ADJ
easat-10525	214	9	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	214	10	made	make	VERB
easat-10525	214	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	214	12	many	many	ADJ
easat-10525	214	13	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	214	14	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	214	15	different	different	ADJ
easat-10525	214	16	resolutions	resolution	NOUN
easat-10525	214	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	215	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	215	2	lower	low	ADJ
easat-10525	215	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	215	4	resolution	resolution	NOUN
easat-10525	215	5	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	215	6	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	215	7	displayed	display	VERB
easat-10525	215	8	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	215	9	each	each	DET
easat-10525	215	10	pyramid	pyramid	NOUN
easat-10525	215	11	tier	tier	NOUN
easat-10525	215	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	216	1	orb	orb	PROPN
easat-10525	216	2	produces	produce	VERB
easat-10525	216	3	a	a	DET
easat-10525	216	4	pyramid	pyramid	NOUN
easat-10525	216	5	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	216	6	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	216	7	3	3	NUM
easat-10525	216	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	216	9	uses	use	VERB
easat-10525	216	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	216	11	quick	quick	ADJ
easat-10525	216	12	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	216	13	to	to	PART
easat-10525	216	14	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-10525	216	15	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	216	16	elements	element	NOUN
easat-10525	216	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	217	1	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	217	2	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-10525	217	3	finds	find	VERB
easat-10525	217	4	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-10525	217	5	spots	spot	NOUN
easat-10525	217	6	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	217	7	a	a	DET
easat-10525	217	8	new	new	ADJ
easat-10525	217	9	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	217	10	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	217	11	discovering	discover	VERB
easat-10525	217	12	them	they	PRON
easat-10525	217	13	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	217	14	every	every	DET
easat-10525	217	15	level	level	NOUN
easat-10525	217	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	218	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-10525	218	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	218	3	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	218	4	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	218	5	fractional	fractional	ADJ
easat-10525	218	6	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	218	7	invariant	invariant	ADJ
easat-10525	219	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	219	2	28	28	NUM
easat-10525	219	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	219	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	220	1	after	after	ADP
easat-10525	220	2	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	220	3	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10525	220	4	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	220	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	220	6	assign	assign	VERB
easat-10525	220	7	a	a	DET
easat-10525	220	8	left	left	ADJ
easat-10525	220	9	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	220	10	right	right	ADJ
easat-10525	220	11	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	220	12	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	220	13	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	220	14	surrounding	surround	VERB
easat-10525	220	15	intensity	intensity	NOUN
easat-10525	220	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	221	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	221	2	intensity	intensity	NOUN
easat-10525	221	3	centroid	centroid	NOUN
easat-10525	221	4	helps	help	VERB
easat-10525	221	5	orb	orb	VERB
easat-10525	221	6	discern	discern	ADJ
easat-10525	221	7	intensity	intensity	NOUN
easat-10525	221	8	changes	change	NOUN
easat-10525	221	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	222	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	222	2	intensity	intensity	NOUN
easat-10525	222	3	centroid	centroid	PROPN
easat-10525	222	4	vector	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	222	5	assumes	assume	VERB
easat-10525	222	6	an	an	DET
easat-10525	222	7	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	222	8	since	since	SCONJ
easat-10525	222	9	corner	corner	NOUN
easat-10525	222	10	intensity	intensity	NOUN
easat-10525	222	11	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	222	12	different	different	ADJ
easat-10525	222	13	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	222	14	center	center	ADJ
easat-10525	222	15	intensity	intensity	NOUN
easat-10525	222	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	1	initially	initially	ADV
easat-10525	223	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	3	a	a	DET
easat-10525	223	4	patch	patch	NOUN
easat-10525	223	5	's	's	PART
easat-10525	223	6	occurrences	occurrence	NOUN
easat-10525	223	7	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	223	8	described	describe	VERB
easat-10525	223	9	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	223	10	eq	eq	NOUN
easat-10525	223	11	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	223	12	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	223	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	14	𝑚𝑝,𝑞	𝑚𝑝,𝑞	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	15	=	=	SYM
easat-10525	223	16	∑	∑	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	17	𝑥𝑝𝑦𝑞	𝑥𝑝𝑦𝑞	NOUN
easat-10525	223	18	𝐼(𝑥	𝐼(𝑥	PROPN
easat-10525	223	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	20	𝑦	𝑦	NOUN
easat-10525	223	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	23	𝑥,𝑦𝜖𝐵	𝑥,𝑦𝜖𝐵	PROPN
easat-10525	223	24	𝑝	𝑝	PROPN
easat-10525	223	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	26	𝑞	𝑞	X
easat-10525	223	27	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	29	0.1	0.1	NUM
easat-10525	223	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	32	2	2	X
easat-10525	223	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	34	the	the	DET
easat-10525	223	35	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	223	36	descriptor	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	223	37	patch	patch	NOUN
easat-10525	223	38	's	's	PART
easat-10525	223	39	instant	instant	ADJ
easat-10525	223	40	specification	specification	NOUN
easat-10525	223	41	applying	apply	VERB
easat-10525	223	42	these	these	DET
easat-10525	223	43	instances	instance	NOUN
easat-10525	223	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	45	may	may	AUX
easat-10525	223	46	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	223	47	the	the	DET
easat-10525	223	48	centroid	centroid	NOUN
easat-10525	223	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	50	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	223	51	patch	patch	NOUN
easat-10525	223	52	's	's	PART
easat-10525	223	53	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	54	center	center	NOUN
easat-10525	223	55	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	223	56	mass	mass	NOUN
easat-10525	223	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	58	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	223	59	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	223	60	given	give	VERB
easat-10525	223	61	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	223	62	eq	eq	ADJ
easat-10525	223	63	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	224	1	3	3	NUM
easat-10525	224	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	224	3	𝐶	𝐶	PROPN
easat-10525	224	4	=	=	SYM
easat-10525	224	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	224	6	𝑚10	𝑚10	NOUN
easat-10525	224	7	𝑚00	𝑚00	NOUN
easat-10525	224	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	224	9	𝑚01	𝑚01	NOUN
easat-10525	224	10	𝑚00	𝑚00	NOUN
easat-10525	224	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	224	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	224	13	3	3	X
easat-10525	224	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	224	15	712	712	NUM
easat-10525	224	16	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	224	17	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	224	18	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	224	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	224	20	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	224	21	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	224	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	224	23	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	224	24	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	224	25	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	224	26	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	224	27	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	225	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	225	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	225	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	225	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	225	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	225	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	225	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	225	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	225	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	225	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	225	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	225	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	225	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	225	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	225	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	225	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	225	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	225	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	225	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	225	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	225	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	225	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	225	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	225	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	225	25	gate	gate	VERB
easat-10525	225	26	the	the	DET
easat-10525	225	27	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	225	28	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	225	29	attribute	attribute	NOUN
easat-10525	225	30	represents	represent	VERB
easat-10525	225	31	the	the	DET
easat-10525	225	32	patch	patch	NOUN
easat-10525	225	33	's	's	PART
easat-10525	225	34	center	center	NOUN
easat-10525	225	35	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	225	36	mass	mass	PROPN
easat-10525	225	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	226	1	we	we	PRON
easat-10525	226	2	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	226	3	create	create	VERB
easat-10525	226	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	226	5	vector	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	226	6	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	226	7	goes	go	VERB
easat-10525	226	8	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	226	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	226	10	centroid	centroid	NOUN
easat-10525	226	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	226	12	oc	oc	NOUN
easat-10525	226	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	226	14	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	226	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	226	16	corner	corner	NOUN
easat-10525	226	17	's	's	PART
easat-10525	226	18	center	center	NOUN
easat-10525	226	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	226	20	o	o	NOUN
easat-10525	226	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	226	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	227	1	eq	eq	ADP
easat-10525	227	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	227	3	4	4	NUM
easat-10525	227	4	will	will	AUX
easat-10525	227	5	provide	provide	VERB
easat-10525	227	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	227	7	patch	patch	NOUN
easat-10525	227	8	's	's	PART
easat-10525	227	9	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	227	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	227	11	𝜃	𝜃	X
easat-10525	227	12	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10525	227	13	𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛2	𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛2	PROPN
easat-10525	227	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	227	15	𝑚01	𝑚01	NOUN
easat-10525	227	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	227	17	𝑚10	𝑚10	NUM
easat-10525	227	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	227	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	227	20	4	4	X
easat-10525	227	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	227	22	here	here	ADV
easat-10525	227	23	's	be	AUX
easat-10525	227	24	an	an	DET
easat-10525	227	25	example	example	NOUN
easat-10525	227	26	to	to	PART
easat-10525	227	27	assist	assist	VERB
easat-10525	227	28	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	227	29	clarifying	clarify	VERB
easat-10525	227	30	the	the	DET
easat-10525	227	31	process	process	NOUN
easat-10525	227	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	228	1	once	once	ADV
easat-10525	228	2	the	the	DET
easat-10525	228	3	patch	patch	ADJ
easat-10525	228	4	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	228	5	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	228	6	known	know	VERB
easat-10525	228	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	228	8	we	we	PRON
easat-10525	228	9	may	may	AUX
easat-10525	228	10	compute	compute	VERB
easat-10525	228	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	228	12	descriptor	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	228	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	228	14	turn	turn	VERB
easat-10525	228	15	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	228	16	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	228	17	a	a	DET
easat-10525	228	18	canonical	canonical	ADJ
easat-10525	228	19	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-10525	228	20	to	to	PART
easat-10525	228	21	provide	provide	VERB
easat-10525	228	22	rotation	rotation	NOUN
easat-10525	228	23	invariance	invariance	NOUN
easat-10525	228	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	228	25	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	228	26	shown	show	VERB
easat-10525	228	27	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	228	28	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	228	29	4	4	NUM
easat-10525	228	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	228	31	figure	figure	VERB
easat-10525	228	32	4	4	NUM
easat-10525	228	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	228	34	theta	theta	NOUN
easat-10525	228	35	description	description	NOUN
easat-10525	228	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	229	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
easat-10525	229	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	230	1	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	230	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	230	3	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-10525	230	4	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-10525	230	5	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-10525	230	6	elementary	elementary	ADJ
easat-10525	230	7	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	230	8	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	230	9	converts	convert	NOUN
easat-10525	230	10	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	230	11	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	230	12	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	230	13	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	230	14	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-10525	230	15	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	230	16	vectors	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	230	17	to	to	PART
easat-10525	230	18	represent	represent	VERB
easat-10525	230	19	an	an	DET
easat-10525	230	20	object	object	NOUN
easat-10525	230	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	231	1	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-10525	231	2	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-10525	231	3	vectors	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	231	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	231	5	also	also	ADV
easat-10525	231	6	termed	term	VERB
easat-10525	231	7	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-10525	231	8	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-10525	231	9	descriptors	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	231	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	231	11	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	231	12	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	231	13	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	231	14	only	only	ADV
easat-10525	231	15	1s	1s	NUM
easat-10525	231	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	231	17	0s	0s	NOUN
easat-10525	231	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	232	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	232	2	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	232	3	vector	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	232	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	232	5	a	a	DET
easat-10525	232	6	128–512	128–512	NUM
easat-10525	232	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	232	8	bit	bit	NOUN
easat-10525	232	9	string	string	NOUN
easat-10525	232	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	232	11	labels	label	VERB
easat-10525	232	12	each	each	DET
easat-10525	232	13	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	232	14	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	232	15	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	232	16	shown	show	VERB
easat-10525	232	17	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	232	18	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	232	19	5	5	NUM
easat-10525	232	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	232	21	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	232	22	5	5	NUM
easat-10525	232	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	232	24	binary	binary	PROPN
easat-10525	232	25	vector	vector	PROPN
easat-10525	232	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	233	1	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	233	2	a	a	DET
easat-10525	233	3	gaussian	gaussian	ADJ
easat-10525	233	4	kernel	kernel	NOUN
easat-10525	233	5	to	to	PART
easat-10525	233	6	normalize	normalize	VERB
easat-10525	233	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	233	8	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	233	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	233	10	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-10525	233	11	descriptor	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	233	12	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
easat-10525	233	13	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	233	14	high	high	ADJ
easat-10525	233	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	233	16	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN
easat-10525	233	17	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-10525	233	18	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	233	19	a	a	DET
easat-10525	233	20	simple	simple	ADJ
easat-10525	233	21	start	start	NOUN
easat-10525	233	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	234	1	next	next	ADV
easat-10525	234	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	234	3	randomly	randomly	ADV
easat-10525	234	4	select	select	VERB
easat-10525	234	5	two	two	NUM
easat-10525	234	6	pixels	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	234	7	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	234	8	a	a	DET
easat-10525	234	9	preset	preset	ADJ
easat-10525	234	10	neighborhood	neighborhood	NOUN
easat-10525	234	11	around	around	ADP
easat-10525	234	12	that	that	DET
easat-10525	234	13	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-10525	234	14	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	234	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	235	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	235	2	patch	patch	NOUN
easat-10525	235	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	235	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	235	5	square	square	NOUN
easat-10525	235	6	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	235	7	set	set	VERB
easat-10525	235	8	pixel	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	235	9	widths	width	NOUN
easat-10525	235	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	235	11	heights	height	NOUN
easat-10525	235	12	around	around	ADP
easat-10525	235	13	a	a	DET
easat-10525	235	14	pixel	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	235	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	236	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	236	2	first	first	ADJ
easat-10525	236	3	pixel	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	236	4	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	236	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	236	6	arbitrary	arbitrary	ADJ
easat-10525	236	7	pair	pair	NOUN
easat-10525	236	8	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	236	9	chosen	choose	VERB
easat-10525	236	10	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	236	11	a	a	DET
easat-10525	236	12	gaussian	gaussian	ADJ
easat-10525	236	13	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-10525	236	14	centered	center	VERB
easat-10525	236	15	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	236	16	the	the	DET
easat-10525	236	17	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	236	18	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	236	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	236	20	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	236	21	a	a	DET
easat-10525	236	22	maximum	maximum	ADJ
easat-10525	236	23	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-10525	236	24	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	236	25	spread	spread	NOUN
easat-10525	236	26	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	236	27	sigma	sigma	PROPN
easat-10525	236	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	237	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	237	2	second	second	ADJ
easat-10525	237	3	pixel	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	237	4	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	237	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	237	6	random	random	ADJ
easat-10525	237	7	pair	pair	NOUN
easat-10525	237	8	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	237	9	picked	pick	VERB
easat-10525	237	10	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	237	11	a	a	DET
easat-10525	237	12	gaussian	gaussian	ADJ
easat-10525	237	13	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
easat-10525	237	14	centered	center	VERB
easat-10525	237	15	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	237	16	the	the	DET
easat-10525	237	17	initial	initial	ADJ
easat-10525	237	18	pixel	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	237	19	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	237	20	a	a	DET
easat-10525	237	21	two	two	NUM
easat-10525	237	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	237	23	sigma	sigma	NOUN
easat-10525	237	24	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-10525	237	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	238	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-10525	238	2	the	the	DET
easat-10525	238	3	first	first	ADJ
easat-10525	238	4	pixel	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	238	5	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	238	6	lighter	light	ADJ
easat-10525	238	7	than	than	ADP
easat-10525	238	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	238	9	next	next	ADJ
easat-10525	238	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	238	11	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	238	12	assigns	assign	VERB
easat-10525	238	13	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	238	14	[	[	X
easat-10525	238	15	29	29	NUM
easat-10525	238	16	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	238	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	239	1	choose	choose	VERB
easat-10525	239	2	another	another	DET
easat-10525	239	3	pair	pair	NOUN
easat-10525	239	4	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	239	5	random	random	ADJ
easat-10525	239	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	239	7	assign	assign	VERB
easat-10525	239	8	them	they	PRON
easat-10525	239	9	a	a	DET
easat-10525	239	10	value	value	NOUN
easat-10525	239	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	240	1	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	240	2	a	a	DET
easat-10525	240	3	128	128	NUM
easat-10525	240	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	240	5	bit	bit	NOUN
easat-10525	240	6	vector	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	240	7	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	240	8	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	240	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	240	10	briefly	briefly	ADV
easat-10525	240	11	repeat	repeat	VERB
easat-10525	240	12	this	this	DET
easat-10525	240	13	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	240	14	128	128	NUM
easat-10525	240	15	times	time	NOUN
easat-10525	240	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	241	1	create	create	VERB
easat-10525	241	2	a	a	DET
easat-10525	241	3	vector	vector	NOUN
easat-10525	241	4	like	like	ADP
easat-10525	241	5	this	this	PRON
easat-10525	241	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	241	7	each	each	DET
easat-10525	241	8	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	241	9	's	's	PART
easat-10525	241	10	main	main	ADJ
easat-10525	241	11	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	241	12	quickly	quickly	ADV
easat-10525	241	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	242	1	since	since	SCONJ
easat-10525	242	2	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	242	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	242	4	n't	not	PART
easat-10525	242	5	rotation	rotation	NOUN
easat-10525	242	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	242	7	invariant	invariant	ADJ
easat-10525	242	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	242	9	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	242	10	uses	use	VERB
easat-10525	242	11	brief	brief	NOUN
easat-10525	242	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	243	1	orb	orb	PROPN
easat-10525	243	2	maintains	maintain	VERB
easat-10525	243	3	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	243	4	speed	speed	NOUN
easat-10525	243	5	to	to	PART
easat-10525	243	6	accommodate	accommodate	VERB
easat-10525	243	7	this	this	DET
easat-10525	243	8	functionality	functionality	NOUN
easat-10525	243	9	[	[	X
easat-10525	243	10	29	29	NUM
easat-10525	243	11	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	243	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	244	1	think	think	VERB
easat-10525	244	2	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	244	3	a	a	DET
easat-10525	244	4	portion	portion	NOUN
easat-10525	244	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	244	6	a	a	DET
easat-10525	244	7	smoothed	smoothed	ADJ
easat-10525	244	8	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	244	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	244	10	p	p	NOUN
easat-10525	244	11	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	244	12	described	describe	VERB
easat-10525	244	13	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	244	14	eq	eq	NOUN
easat-10525	244	15	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	244	16	5	5	NUM
easat-10525	244	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	245	2	definition	definition	NOUN
easat-10525	245	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	245	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	245	5	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-10525	245	6	examination	examination	NOUN
easat-10525	245	7	τ	τ	PROPN
easat-10525	245	8	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	245	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	10	where	where	SCONJ
easat-10525	245	11	τ	τ	PROPN
easat-10525	245	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	13	p	p	X
easat-10525	245	14	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	15	x	x	X
easat-10525	245	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	17	y	y	NOUN
easat-10525	245	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	19	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	245	20	well	well	ADV
easat-10525	245	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	22	defined	define	VERB
easat-10525	245	23	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	245	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	25	𝜏(𝑝	𝜏(𝑝	NOUN
easat-10525	245	26	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	27	𝑥	𝑥	PRON
easat-10525	245	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	29	𝑦	𝑦	X
easat-10525	245	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	31	=	=	SYM
easat-10525	245	32	{	{	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	33	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	245	34	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	35	𝑝(𝑥	𝑝(𝑥	NUM
easat-10525	245	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	37	<	<	X
easat-10525	245	38	𝑝(𝑦	𝑝(𝑦	PROPN
easat-10525	245	39	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	40	0	0	NUM
easat-10525	245	41	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	42	𝑝(𝑥	𝑝(𝑥	NUM
easat-10525	245	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	44	≥	≥	NOUN
easat-10525	245	45	𝑝(𝑦	𝑝(𝑦	PROPN
easat-10525	245	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	47	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	48	5	5	X
easat-10525	245	49	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	50	713	713	NUM
easat-10525	245	51	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	245	52	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	245	53	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	245	54	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	245	55	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	245	56	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	245	57	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	245	58	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	245	59	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	245	60	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	245	61	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	245	62	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	246	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	246	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	246	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	246	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	246	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	246	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	246	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	246	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	246	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	246	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	246	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	246	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	246	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	246	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	246	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	246	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	246	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	246	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	246	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	246	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	246	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	246	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	246	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	246	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	246	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	246	26	p(x	p(x	PROPN
easat-10525	246	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	246	28	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	246	29	the	the	DET
easat-10525	246	30	concentration	concentration	NOUN
easat-10525	246	31	value	value	NOUN
easat-10525	246	32	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	246	33	pixel	pixel	PROPN
easat-10525	246	34	x.	x.	PROPN
easat-10525	246	35	brief	brief	PROPN
easat-10525	246	36	's	's	PART
easat-10525	246	37	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	246	38	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	246	39	drastically	drastically	ADV
easat-10525	246	40	declines	decline	VERB
easat-10525	246	41	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	246	42	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	246	43	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	246	44	plane	plane	NOUN
easat-10525	246	45	rotations	rotation	NOUN
easat-10525	246	46	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	246	47	a	a	DET
easat-10525	246	48	few	few	ADJ
easat-10525	246	49	degrees	degree	NOUN
easat-10525	246	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	247	1	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	247	2	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10525	247	3	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	247	4	's	's	PART
easat-10525	247	5	main	main	ADJ
easat-10525	247	6	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	247	7	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	247	8	guiding	guide	VERB
easat-10525	247	9	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-10525	247	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	248	1	eq	eq	X
easat-10525	248	2	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	248	3	6	6	NUM
easat-10525	248	4	shows	show	VERB
easat-10525	248	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	248	6	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	248	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	248	8	x	x	NOUN
easat-10525	248	9	n	n	NOUN
easat-10525	248	10	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-10525	248	11	needed	need	VERB
easat-10525	248	12	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	248	13	every	every	DET
easat-10525	248	14	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-10525	248	15	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	248	16	n	n	CCONJ
easat-10525	248	17	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-10525	248	18	attribute	attribute	NOUN
easat-10525	248	19	examinations	examination	NOUN
easat-10525	248	20	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	248	21	location	location	NOUN
easat-10525	248	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	248	23	xi	xi	PROPN
easat-10525	248	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	248	25	yi	yi	PROPN
easat-10525	248	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	248	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	249	1	𝑠	𝑠	PROPN
easat-10525	249	2	=	=	PRON
easat-10525	249	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	249	4	𝑥1	𝑥1	PROPN
easat-10525	249	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	249	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	249	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	249	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	250	1	𝑥𝑛	𝑥𝑛	PROPN
easat-10525	250	2	𝑦1	𝑦1	PROPN
easat-10525	250	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	250	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	250	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	250	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	251	1	𝑦𝑛	𝑦𝑛	ADV
easat-10525	251	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	251	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	251	4	6	6	X
easat-10525	251	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	251	6	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	251	7	uses	use	VERB
easat-10525	251	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	251	9	matching	match	VERB
easat-10525	251	10	rotation	rotation	NOUN
easat-10525	251	11	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-10525	251	12	rθ	rθ	NOUN
easat-10525	251	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	251	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	251	15	patch	patch	PROPN
easat-10525	251	16	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	251	17	to	to	PART
easat-10525	251	18	construct	construct	VERB
easat-10525	251	19	a	a	DET
easat-10525	251	20	directed	direct	VERB
easat-10525	251	21	version	version	NOUN
easat-10525	251	22	s	s	NOUN
easat-10525	251	23	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	251	24	s	s	PRON
easat-10525	251	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	251	26	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	251	27	provided	provide	VERB
easat-10525	251	28	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	251	29	eq	eq	NOUN
easat-10525	251	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	252	1	7	7	NUM
easat-10525	252	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	3	𝑆𝜃	𝑆𝜃	PROPN
easat-10525	252	4	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	5	𝑅𝜃𝑆	𝑅𝜃𝑆	NOUN
easat-10525	252	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	7	7	7	NUM
easat-10525	252	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	9	now	now	ADV
easat-10525	252	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	252	12	steered	steered	ADJ
easat-10525	252	13	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	252	14	operator	operator	NOUN
easat-10525	252	15	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	252	16	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	252	17	follows	follow	VERB
easat-10525	252	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	19	according	accord	VERB
easat-10525	252	20	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	252	21	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-10525	252	22	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	252	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	24	𝑔𝑛(𝑝	𝑔𝑛(𝑝	VERB
easat-10525	252	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	26	𝜃	𝜃	NOUN
easat-10525	252	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	28	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	29	𝑓𝑛|(𝑥𝑖	𝑓𝑛|(𝑥𝑖	VERB
easat-10525	252	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	31	𝑦𝑖	𝑦𝑖	NOUN
easat-10525	252	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	252	33	∈	∈	PROPN
easat-10525	253	1	𝑆𝜃	𝑆𝜃	PROPN
easat-10525	253	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	253	3	8)	8)	NUM
easat-10525	253	4	after	after	ADP
easat-10525	253	5	discretizing	discretize	VERB
easat-10525	253	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	253	7	angle	angle	NOUN
easat-10525	253	8	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	253	9	2π/30	2π/30	PROPN
easat-10525	253	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	253	11	12	12	NUM
easat-10525	253	12	degrees	degree	NOUN
easat-10525	253	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	253	14	steps	step	NOUN
easat-10525	253	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	253	16	a	a	DET
easat-10525	253	17	lookup	lookup	NOUN
easat-10525	253	18	database	database	NOUN
easat-10525	253	19	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	253	20	recomputed	recompute	VERB
easat-10525	253	21	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	253	22	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-10525	253	23	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	253	24	created	create	VERB
easat-10525	253	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	254	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	254	2	descriptor	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	254	3	will	will	AUX
easat-10525	254	4	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	254	5	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-10525	254	6	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	254	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	254	8	right	right	ADJ
easat-10525	254	9	set	set	NOUN
easat-10525	254	10	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	254	11	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	254	12	sθ	sθ	NOUN
easat-10525	254	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	254	14	assuming	assume	VERB
easat-10525	254	15	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-10525	254	16	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	254	17	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	254	18	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	254	19	θ	θ	NOUN
easat-10525	254	20	between	between	ADP
easat-10525	254	21	views	view	NOUN
easat-10525	254	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	255	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	255	2	6	6	NUM
easat-10525	255	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-10525	255	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	255	5	sequence	sequence	NOUN
easat-10525	255	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	255	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	255	8	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	255	9	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	255	10	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-10525	255	11	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	255	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	256	1	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	256	2	categorization	categorization	NOUN
easat-10525	256	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	256	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	256	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-10525	256	6	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-10525	256	7	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	256	8	task	task	NOUN
easat-10525	256	9	because	because	SCONJ
easat-10525	256	10	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	256	11	its	its	PRON
easat-10525	256	12	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-10525	256	13	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	256	14	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-10525	256	15	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	256	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	257	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	257	2	involves	involve	VERB
easat-10525	257	3	labeling	labeling	NOUN
easat-10525	257	4	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	257	5	classifying	classify	VERB
easat-10525	257	6	a	a	DET
easat-10525	257	7	full	full	ADJ
easat-10525	257	8	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	257	9	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	257	10	previously	previously	ADV
easat-10525	257	11	defined	define	VERB
easat-10525	257	12	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	257	13	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	257	14	training	training	NOUN
easat-10525	257	15	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10525	257	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	258	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	258	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	258	3	may	may	AUX
easat-10525	258	4	appear	appear	VERB
easat-10525	258	5	straightforward	straightforward	ADJ
easat-10525	258	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	258	7	but	but	CCONJ
easat-10525	258	8	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	258	9	analyzes	analyze	VERB
easat-10525	258	10	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	258	11	pixelby	pixelby	VERB
easat-10525	258	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	258	13	pixel	pixel	NOUN
easat-10525	258	14	to	to	PART
easat-10525	258	15	find	find	VERB
easat-10525	258	16	the	the	DET
easat-10525	258	17	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-10525	258	18	label	label	NOUN
easat-10525	258	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	259	1	we	we	PRON
easat-10525	259	2	obtain	obtain	VERB
easat-10525	259	3	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-10525	259	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	259	5	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-10525	259	6	to	to	PART
easat-10525	259	7	make	make	VERB
easat-10525	259	8	credible	credible	ADJ
easat-10525	259	9	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-10525	259	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	259	11	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-10525	259	12	results	result	NOUN
easat-10525	259	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	260	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	260	2	classifier	classifier	NOUN
easat-10525	260	3	categorizes	categorize	VERB
easat-10525	260	4	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	260	5	to	to	PART
easat-10525	260	6	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
easat-10525	260	7	between	between	ADP
easat-10525	260	8	original	original	ADJ
easat-10525	260	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	260	10	modified	modified	ADJ
easat-10525	260	11	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	260	12	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	260	13	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	260	14	tampering	tampering	NOUN
easat-10525	260	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	261	1	our	our	PRON
easat-10525	261	2	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	261	3	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	261	4	uses	use	VERB
easat-10525	261	5	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	261	6	classifier	classifier	NOUN
easat-10525	261	7	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-10525	261	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	261	9	pooling	pool	VERB
easat-10525	261	10	to	to	PART
easat-10525	261	11	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-10525	261	12	recognize	recognize	VERB
easat-10525	261	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	261	14	categorize	categorize	VERB
easat-10525	261	15	faked	faked	ADJ
easat-10525	261	16	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	261	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	262	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-10525	262	2	6	6	NUM
easat-10525	262	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-10525	262	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	262	5	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	262	6	system	system	NOUN
easat-10525	262	7	's	's	PART
easat-10525	262	8	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-10525	262	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	262	10	which	which	PRON
easat-10525	262	11	converts	convert	VERB
easat-10525	262	12	colored	colored	ADJ
easat-10525	262	13	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	262	14	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	262	15	grayscale	grayscale	NOUN
easat-10525	262	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	263	1	separating	separate	VERB
easat-10525	263	2	this	this	DET
easat-10525	263	3	grayscale	grayscale	NOUN
easat-10525	263	4	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	263	5	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	263	6	8x8	8x8	NUM
easat-10525	263	7	block	block	NOUN
easat-10525	263	8	subarrays	subarray	NOUN
easat-10525	263	9	allows	allow	VERB
easat-10525	263	10	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	263	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	263	12	orb	orb	VERB
easat-10525	263	13	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-10525	263	14	to	to	PART
easat-10525	263	15	extract	extract	VERB
easat-10525	263	16	precise	precise	ADJ
easat-10525	263	17	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	263	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	264	1	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	264	2	further	further	ADJ
easat-10525	264	3	dimensionality	dimensionality	NOUN
easat-10525	264	4	reduction	reduction	NOUN
easat-10525	264	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	264	6	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	264	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-10525	264	8	pooling	pool	VERB
easat-10525	264	9	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-10525	264	10	will	will	AUX
easat-10525	264	11	receive	receive	VERB
easat-10525	264	12	extracted	extract	VERB
easat-10525	264	13	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	264	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	265	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	265	2	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-10525	265	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	265	4	regularly	regularly	ADV
easat-10525	265	5	added	add	VERB
easat-10525	265	6	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	265	7	covnets	covnet	NOUN
easat-10525	265	8	to	to	PART
easat-10525	265	9	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-10525	265	10	volume	volume	NOUN
easat-10525	265	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	265	12	speed	speed	VERB
easat-10525	265	13	up	up	ADP
easat-10525	265	14	computation	computation	NOUN
easat-10525	265	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	265	16	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-10525	265	17	memory	memory	NOUN
easat-10525	265	18	usage	usage	NOUN
easat-10525	265	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	265	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	265	21	prevent	prevent	VERB
easat-10525	265	22	overfitting	overfitting	NOUN
easat-10525	265	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	266	1	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	266	2	predicts	predict	VERB
easat-10525	266	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	266	4	classifies	classify	VERB
easat-10525	266	5	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	266	6	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	266	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	267	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	267	2	6	6	NUM
easat-10525	267	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	268	1	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	268	2	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	268	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-10525	268	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	269	1	714	714	NUM
easat-10525	269	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	269	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	269	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	269	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	269	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	269	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	269	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	269	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	269	10	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	269	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	269	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	269	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	270	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	270	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	270	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	270	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	270	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	270	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	270	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	270	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	270	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	270	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	270	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	270	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	270	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	270	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	270	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	270	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	270	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	270	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	270	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	270	25	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-10525	270	26	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	270	27	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	270	28	compares	compare	VERB
easat-10525	270	29	four	four	NUM
easat-10525	270	30	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-10525	270	31	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	270	32	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	270	33	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	270	34	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	270	35	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	270	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	37	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	270	38	fraud	fraud	NOUN
easat-10525	270	39	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	270	40	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	270	41	[	[	X
easat-10525	270	42	30	30	NUM
easat-10525	270	43	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	44	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	45	knearest	knearest	PROPN
easat-10525	270	46	neighbors	neighbor	NOUN
easat-10525	270	47	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	48	knn	knn	PROPN
easat-10525	270	49	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	51	linear	linear	ADJ
easat-10525	270	52	regression	regression	NOUN
easat-10525	270	53	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	54	lr	lr	NOUN
easat-10525	270	55	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	57	naïve	naïve	ADJ
easat-10525	270	58	bayes	bayes	PROPN
easat-10525	270	59	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	60	nb	nb	NOUN
easat-10525	270	61	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	62	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	63	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	270	64	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-10525	270	65	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-10525	270	66	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	270	67	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	68	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	270	69	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	270	70	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	271	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	271	2	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	271	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	271	4	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-10525	271	5	results	result	NOUN
easat-10525	271	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	271	7	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	271	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	271	9	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	271	10	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	271	11	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	271	12	classifier	classifier	NOUN
easat-10525	271	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	272	1	metric	metric	PROPN
easat-10525	272	2	knn	knn	PROPN
easat-10525	272	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	272	4	%	%	INTJ
easat-10525	272	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	272	6	lr	lr	X
easat-10525	272	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	272	8	%	%	INTJ
easat-10525	272	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	273	1	nb	nb	INTJ
easat-10525	273	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	273	3	%	%	INTJ
easat-10525	273	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	273	5	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	273	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	273	7	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	273	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	273	9	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	273	10	95.11	95.11	NUM
easat-10525	273	11	76.21	76.21	NUM
easat-10525	273	12	82.54	82.54	NUM
easat-10525	273	13	95.46	95.46	NUM
easat-10525	273	14	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	273	15	88.46	88.46	NUM
easat-10525	273	16	69.72	69.72	NUM
easat-10525	273	17	77.41	77.41	NUM
easat-10525	273	18	90.62	90.62	NUM
easat-10525	273	19	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	273	20	81.81	81.81	NUM
easat-10525	273	21	63.23	63.23	NUM
easat-10525	274	1	72.27	72.27	NUM
easat-10525	274	2	85.79	85.79	NUM
easat-10525	274	3	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-10525	274	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	274	5	score	score	NOUN
easat-10525	274	6	97.11	97.11	NUM
easat-10525	274	7	75.21	75.21	NUM
easat-10525	274	8	82.54	82.54	NUM
easat-10525	274	9	93.46	93.46	NUM
easat-10525	274	10	4	4	NUM
easat-10525	274	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	274	12	results	result	VERB
easat-10525	274	13	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-10525	274	14	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	274	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	274	16	advantages	advantage	NOUN
easat-10525	274	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	274	18	disadvantages	disadvantage	NOUN
easat-10525	274	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	274	20	a	a	DET
easat-10525	274	21	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	274	22	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	274	23	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	274	24	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	274	25	chiefly	chiefly	ADV
easat-10525	274	26	reliant	reliant	ADJ
easat-10525	274	27	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	274	28	its	its	PRON
easat-10525	274	29	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	274	30	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-10525	274	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	275	1	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	275	2	an	an	DET
easat-10525	275	3	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	275	4	's	's	PART
easat-10525	275	5	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	275	6	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	275	7	a	a	DET
easat-10525	275	8	singular	singular	ADJ
easat-10525	275	9	benchmark	benchmark	NOUN
easat-10525	275	10	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	275	11	problematic	problematic	ADJ
easat-10525	275	12	due	due	ADP
easat-10525	275	13	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	275	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	275	15	variability	variability	NOUN
easat-10525	275	16	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	275	17	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	275	18	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	275	19	application	application	NOUN
easat-10525	275	20	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-10525	275	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	275	22	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-10525	275	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	275	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	275	25	research	research	NOUN
easat-10525	275	26	fields	field	NOUN
easat-10525	275	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	276	1	to	to	PART
easat-10525	276	2	comprehensively	comprehensively	ADV
easat-10525	276	3	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	276	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	276	5	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-10525	276	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	276	7	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	276	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	276	9	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	276	10	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	276	11	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-10525	276	12	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-10525	276	13	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	276	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	276	15	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	276	16	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	276	17	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-10525	276	18	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10525	276	19	to	to	PART
easat-10525	276	20	employ	employ	VERB
easat-10525	276	21	a	a	DET
easat-10525	276	22	variety	variety	NOUN
easat-10525	276	23	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	276	24	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-10525	276	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	277	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	277	2	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	277	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	277	4	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	277	5	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	277	6	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	277	7	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	277	8	at	at	ADP
easat-10525	277	9	both	both	CCONJ
easat-10525	277	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	277	11	pixel	pixel	PROPN
easat-10525	277	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	277	13	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	277	14	levels	level	NOUN
easat-10525	277	15	through	through	ADP
easat-10525	277	16	three	three	NUM
easat-10525	277	17	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-10525	277	18	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	277	19	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-10525	277	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	277	21	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	277	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	277	23	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	277	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	277	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	277	26	f1	f1	ADJ
easat-10525	277	27	score	score	NOUN
easat-10525	278	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	278	2	31	31	NUM
easat-10525	278	3	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	278	4	34	34	NUM
easat-10525	278	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	278	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	279	1	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	279	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	279	3	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-10525	279	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	279	5	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
easat-10525	279	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	279	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	279	8	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	279	9	identified	identify	VERB
easat-10525	279	10	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	279	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	279	12	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	279	13	fact	fact	NOUN
easat-10525	279	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	279	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	279	16	false	false	ADJ
easat-10525	279	17	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	279	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	279	19	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	279	20	stated	state	VERB
easat-10525	279	21	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	279	22	eq	eq	ADP
easat-10525	279	23	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	279	24	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	279	25	.	.	X
easat-10525	279	26	𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛	𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛	NOUN
easat-10525	279	27	=	=	SYM
easat-10525	279	28	𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡	𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡	PROPN
easat-10525	279	29	𝐼𝑎𝑙𝑙	𝐼𝑎𝑙𝑙	PROPN
easat-10525	279	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	279	31	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	279	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	279	33	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	279	34	criteria	criterion	NOUN
easat-10525	279	35	also	also	ADV
easat-10525	279	36	have	have	VERB
easat-10525	279	37	an	an	DET
easat-10525	279	38	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-10525	279	39	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	279	40	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	279	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	280	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	280	2	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	280	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	280	4	quantity	quantity	NOUN
easat-10525	280	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	280	6	correct	correct	ADJ
easat-10525	280	7	matches	match	NOUN
easat-10525	280	8	increase	increase	VERB
easat-10525	280	9	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	280	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	280	11	strictness	strictness	NOUN
easat-10525	280	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	280	13	the	the	DET
easat-10525	280	14	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	280	15	criteria	criterion	NOUN
easat-10525	280	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	281	1	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	281	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	281	3	denotes	denote	VERB
easat-10525	281	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	281	5	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
easat-10525	281	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	281	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	281	8	zones	zone	NOUN
easat-10525	281	9	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	281	10	fraud	fraud	NOUN
easat-10525	281	11	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	281	12	identified	identify	VERB
easat-10525	281	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	281	14	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	281	15	stated	state	VERB
easat-10525	281	16	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	281	17	eq	eq	NOUN
easat-10525	281	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	281	19	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	281	20	.	.	X
easat-10525	282	1	𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙	𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙	NOUN
easat-10525	282	2	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10525	282	3	𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡	𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡	PROPN
easat-10525	282	4	𝐼𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑	𝐼𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑	PROPN
easat-10525	282	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	282	6	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	282	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	282	8	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-10525	282	9	score	score	NOUN
easat-10525	282	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	282	11	this	this	DET
easat-10525	282	12	score	score	NOUN
easat-10525	282	13	generates	generate	VERB
easat-10525	282	14	a	a	DET
easat-10525	282	15	signal	signal	ADJ
easat-10525	282	16	value	value	NOUN
easat-10525	282	17	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	282	18	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-10525	282	19	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	282	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	282	21	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	282	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	283	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	283	2	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	283	3	computed	compute	VERB
easat-10525	283	4	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	283	5	eq	eq	ADP
easat-10525	283	6	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	283	7	11	11	NUM
easat-10525	283	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	284	1	𝐹1	𝐹1	PROPN
easat-10525	285	1	=	=	NOUN
easat-10525	286	1	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	286	2	𝑋	𝑋	PROPN
easat-10525	286	3	𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛	𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛	NOUN
easat-10525	286	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	287	1	𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙	𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙	PROPN
easat-10525	287	2	𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛	𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛	PROPN
easat-10525	287	3	+	+	CCONJ
easat-10525	287	4	𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙	𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙	NOUN
easat-10525	287	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	287	6	11	11	NUM
easat-10525	287	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	287	8	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	287	9	previously	previously	ADV
easat-10525	287	10	mentioned	mention	VERB
easat-10525	287	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	287	12	the	the	DET
easat-10525	287	13	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	287	14	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	287	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	287	16	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
easat-10525	287	17	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	287	18	a	a	DET
easat-10525	287	19	tampered	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	287	20	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	287	21	will	will	AUX
easat-10525	287	22	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	287	23	identified	identify	VERB
easat-10525	287	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	287	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	287	26	the	the	DET
easat-10525	287	27	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	287	28	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	287	29	the	the	DET
easat-10525	287	30	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
easat-10525	287	31	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	287	32	a	a	DET
easat-10525	287	33	discovered	discover	VERB
easat-10525	287	34	tampering	tampering	NOUN
easat-10525	287	35	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	287	36	actually	actually	ADV
easat-10525	287	37	a	a	DET
easat-10525	287	38	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN
easat-10525	287	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	288	1	better	well	ADJ
easat-10525	288	2	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	288	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	288	4	typically	typically	ADV
easat-10525	288	5	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-10525	288	6	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	288	7	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10525	288	8	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	288	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	288	10	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	288	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	289	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	289	2	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	289	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	289	4	assessed	assess	VERB
easat-10525	289	5	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	289	6	comofod	comofod	PROPN
easat-10525	289	7	's	's	PART
easat-10525	289	8	small	small	ADJ
easat-10525	289	9	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	289	10	category	category	NOUN
easat-10525	289	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	290	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	290	2	forged	forge	VERB
easat-10525	290	3	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	290	4	were	be	AUX
easat-10525	290	5	created	create	VERB
easat-10525	290	6	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	290	7	translating	translate	VERB
easat-10525	290	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	290	9	rotating	rotating	NOUN
easat-10525	290	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	290	11	resizing	resizing	NOUN
easat-10525	290	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	290	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	290	14	distorting	distort	VERB
easat-10525	290	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	290	16	source	source	NOUN
easat-10525	290	17	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	290	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	291	1	each	each	DET
easat-10525	291	2	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	291	3	set	set	VERB
easat-10525	291	4	also	also	ADV
easat-10525	291	5	includes	include	VERB
easat-10525	291	6	blurry	blurry	ADJ
easat-10525	291	7	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	291	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	291	9	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	291	10	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	291	11	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-10525	291	12	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-10525	291	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	291	14	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	291	15	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	291	16	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	291	17	brightness	brightness	NOUN
easat-10525	291	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	291	19	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	291	20	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	291	21	reduced	reduced	ADJ
easat-10525	291	22	color	color	NOUN
easat-10525	291	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	291	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	291	25	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	291	26	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	291	27	adjusted	adjusted	ADJ
easat-10525	291	28	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-10525	291	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	292	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	292	2	6	6	NUM
easat-10525	292	3	contrasts	contrast	VERB
easat-10525	292	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	292	5	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	292	6	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	292	7	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	292	8	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
easat-10525	292	9	benchmarks	benchmark	NOUN
easat-10525	292	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	293	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	293	2	execution	execution	NOUN
easat-10525	293	3	timings	timing	NOUN
easat-10525	293	4	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	293	5	sift	sift	ADJ
easat-10525	293	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	293	7	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	293	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	293	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	293	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	293	11	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	293	12	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	293	13	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	293	14	presented	present	VERB
easat-10525	293	15	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	293	16	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	293	17	7	7	NUM
easat-10525	293	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	293	19	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	293	20	3	3	NUM
easat-10525	293	21	shows	show	VERB
easat-10525	293	22	the	the	DET
easat-10525	293	23	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-10525	293	24	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	293	25	the	the	DET
easat-10525	293	26	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	293	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	293	28	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	293	29	tampering	tampering	NOUN
easat-10525	293	30	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	293	31	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	293	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	294	1	715	715	NUM
easat-10525	294	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	294	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	294	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	294	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	294	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	294	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	294	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	294	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	294	10	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	294	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	294	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	294	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	295	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	295	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	295	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	295	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	295	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	295	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	295	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	295	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	295	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	295	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	295	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	295	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	295	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	295	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	295	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	295	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	295	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	295	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	295	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	295	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	295	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	295	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	295	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	295	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	295	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	295	26	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	295	27	3	3	NUM
easat-10525	295	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	296	1	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10525	296	2	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	296	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	296	4	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	296	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	296	6	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	296	7	tampering	tampering	NOUN
easat-10525	296	8	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	296	9	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	296	10	'	'	PART
easat-10525	296	11	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-10525	296	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	297	1	method	method	PROPN
easat-10525	297	2	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	297	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	297	4	%	%	INTJ
easat-10525	297	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	297	6	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	297	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	297	8	%	%	NOUN
easat-10525	297	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	297	10	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-10525	297	11	score	score	NOUN
easat-10525	297	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	297	13	%	%	INTJ
easat-10525	297	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	297	15	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	297	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	297	17	sec	sec	PROPN
easat-10525	297	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	297	19	glcm	glcm	NOUN
easat-10525	298	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	298	2	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	298	3	]	]	SYM
easat-10525	298	4	93.75	93.75	NUM
easat-10525	298	5	7.25	7.25	NUM
easat-10525	298	6	93.75	93.75	NUM
easat-10525	298	7	32.76	32.76	NUM
easat-10525	298	8	mask	mask	NOUN
easat-10525	298	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	298	10	rcnn	rcnn	NOUN
easat-10525	299	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	299	2	13	13	NUM
easat-10525	299	3	]	]	SYM
easat-10525	299	4	98.12	98.12	NUM
easat-10525	299	5	95.85	95.85	NUM
easat-10525	299	6	96.97	96.97	NUM
easat-10525	299	7	45	45	NUM
easat-10525	299	8	vgg16	vgg16	PROPN
easat-10525	299	9	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10525	299	10	buster	buster	PROPN
easat-10525	299	11	net	net	PROPN
easat-10525	299	12	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-10525	300	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	300	2	32	32	NUM
easat-10525	300	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	300	4	78.22	78.22	NUM
easat-10525	300	5	73.89	73.89	NUM
easat-10525	300	6	75.98	75.98	NUM
easat-10525	300	7	na	na	ADP
easat-10525	300	8	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	300	9	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	300	10	94	94	NUM
easat-10525	300	11	92	92	NUM
easat-10525	300	12	95.13	95.13	NUM
easat-10525	300	13	5.66	5.66	NUM
easat-10525	300	14	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	300	15	7	7	NUM
easat-10525	300	16	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	300	17	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-10525	300	18	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	300	19	sift	sift	NOUN
easat-10525	300	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	300	21	orb	orb	VERB
easat-10525	300	22	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	300	23	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	300	24	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	300	25	’s	’s	PART
easat-10525	300	26	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	300	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	301	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	301	2	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	301	3	4	4	NUM
easat-10525	301	4	shows	show	VERB
easat-10525	301	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	301	6	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	301	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	301	8	sift	sift	ADJ
easat-10525	301	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	301	10	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	301	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	301	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	301	13	the	the	DET
easat-10525	301	14	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	301	15	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	301	16	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	301	17	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	301	18	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	301	19	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	301	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	301	21	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	301	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	301	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	301	24	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	301	25	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-10525	301	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	302	1	each	each	DET
easat-10525	302	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	302	3	was	be	AUX
easat-10525	302	4	tested	test	VERB
easat-10525	302	5	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	302	6	a	a	DET
easat-10525	302	7	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-10525	302	8	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-10525	302	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	302	10	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	302	11	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	302	12	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	302	13	extracted	extract	VERB
easat-10525	302	14	to	to	PART
easat-10525	302	15	detect	detect	VERB
easat-10525	302	16	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	302	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	303	1	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	303	2	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-10525	303	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	303	4	measured	measure	VERB
easat-10525	303	5	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	303	6	seconds	second	NOUN
easat-10525	303	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	303	8	was	be	AUX
easat-10525	303	9	recorded	record	VERB
easat-10525	303	10	to	to	PART
easat-10525	303	11	assess	assess	VERB
easat-10525	303	12	the	the	DET
easat-10525	303	13	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	303	14	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	303	15	each	each	DET
easat-10525	303	16	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	303	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	304	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	304	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-10525	304	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-10525	304	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	304	5	strengths	strength	NOUN
easat-10525	304	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	304	7	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-10525	304	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	304	9	each	each	DET
easat-10525	304	10	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	304	11	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	304	12	terms	term	NOUN
easat-10525	304	13	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	304	14	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	304	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	304	16	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-10525	304	17	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	304	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	304	19	providing	provide	VERB
easat-10525	304	20	insight	insight	NOUN
easat-10525	304	21	into	into	ADP
easat-10525	304	22	their	their	PRON
easat-10525	304	23	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10525	304	24	applicability	applicability	NOUN
easat-10525	304	25	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	304	26	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	304	27	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	304	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	305	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	305	2	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	305	3	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	305	4	shown	show	VERB
easat-10525	305	5	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	305	6	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	305	7	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	305	8	can	can	AUX
easat-10525	305	9	accomplish	accomplish	VERB
easat-10525	305	10	remarkable	remarkable	ADJ
easat-10525	305	11	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	305	12	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	305	13	a	a	DET
easat-10525	305	14	fair	fair	ADJ
easat-10525	305	15	amount	amount	NOUN
easat-10525	305	16	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	305	17	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	305	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	306	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	306	2	4	4	NUM
easat-10525	306	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	306	4	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	306	5	spent	spend	VERB
easat-10525	306	6	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	306	7	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	306	8	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	306	9	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	306	10	various	various	ADJ
easat-10525	306	11	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	306	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	307	1	method	method	PROPN
easat-10525	307	2	dataset	dataset	VERB
easat-10525	307	3	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	307	4	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	307	5	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	307	6	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-10525	307	7	/s	/s	PUNCT
easat-10525	307	8	sift	sift	VERB
easat-10525	307	9	comofod	comofod	VERB
easat-10525	307	10	500	500	NUM
easat-10525	307	11	8.79417	8.79417	NUM
easat-10525	307	12	sec	sec	PROPN
easat-10525	307	13	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	307	14	comofod	comofod	VERB
easat-10525	307	15	500	500	NUM
easat-10525	307	16	6.27471	6.27471	NUM
easat-10525	307	17	sec	sec	PROPN
easat-10525	307	18	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	307	19	comofod	comofod	VERB
easat-10525	307	20	423	423	NUM
easat-10525	307	21	5.66734	5.66734	NUM
easat-10525	307	22	sec	sec	PROPN
easat-10525	307	23	716	716	NUM
easat-10525	307	24	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	307	25	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	307	26	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	307	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	307	28	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	307	29	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	307	30	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	307	31	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	307	32	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	307	33	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	307	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	307	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	308	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	308	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	308	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	308	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	308	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	308	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	308	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	308	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	308	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	308	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	308	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	308	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	308	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	308	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	308	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	308	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	308	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	308	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	308	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	308	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	308	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	308	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	308	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	308	25	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-10525	308	26	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	308	27	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	308	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	308	29	time	time	NOUN
easat-10525	308	30	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-10525	308	31	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	308	32	different	different	ADJ
easat-10525	308	33	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	308	34	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	308	35	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	308	36	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	308	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	309	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	309	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-10525	309	3	section	section	NOUN
easat-10525	309	4	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-10525	309	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	309	6	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-10525	309	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	309	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	309	9	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	309	10	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	309	11	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	309	12	system	system	NOUN
easat-10525	309	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	309	14	which	which	PRON
easat-10525	309	15	amalgamates	amalgamate	VERB
easat-10525	309	16	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	309	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	309	18	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-10525	309	19	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	309	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	309	21	rotated	rotate	VERB
easat-10525	309	22	brief	brief	NOUN
easat-10525	309	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	309	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	309	25	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	309	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	309	27	single	single	ADJ
easat-10525	309	28	shot	shot	NOUN
easat-10525	309	29	detector	detector	NOUN
easat-10525	309	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	309	31	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	309	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	310	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	310	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	310	3	proficiently	proficiently	ADV
easat-10525	310	4	detects	detect	VERB
easat-10525	310	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	310	6	locates	locate	VERB
easat-10525	310	7	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	310	8	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	310	9	inside	inside	ADP
easat-10525	310	10	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-10525	310	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	310	12	including	include	VERB
easat-10525	310	13	instances	instance	NOUN
easat-10525	310	14	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	310	15	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-10525	310	16	alterations	alteration	NOUN
easat-10525	310	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	311	1	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	311	2	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	311	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	311	4	advantages	advantage	NOUN
easat-10525	311	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	311	6	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	311	7	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	311	8	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	311	9	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	311	10	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	311	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	311	12	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	311	13	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	311	14	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-10525	311	15	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	311	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	311	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	311	18	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	311	19	guarantees	guarantee	VERB
easat-10525	311	20	precise	precise	ADJ
easat-10525	311	21	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-10525	311	22	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	311	23	modified	modify	VERB
easat-10525	311	24	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	311	25	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	311	26	preserving	preserve	VERB
easat-10525	311	27	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-10525	311	28	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	311	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	312	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	312	2	graphic	graphic	ADJ
easat-10525	312	3	outputs	output	NOUN
easat-10525	312	4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10525	312	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	312	6	sequential	sequential	ADJ
easat-10525	312	7	process	process	NOUN
easat-10525	312	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	312	9	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
easat-10525	312	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	312	11	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	312	12	's	's	PART
easat-10525	312	13	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-10525	312	14	to	to	PART
easat-10525	312	15	recognize	recognize	VERB
easat-10525	312	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	312	17	localize	localize	VERB
easat-10525	312	18	forged	forge	VERB
easat-10525	312	19	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	312	20	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	312	21	high	high	ADJ
easat-10525	312	22	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	312	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	312	24	dependability	dependability	NOUN
easat-10525	312	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	313	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	313	2	9(a	9(a	NUM
easat-10525	313	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	313	4	depicts	depict	VERB
easat-10525	313	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	313	6	original	original	ADJ
easat-10525	313	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	313	8	unaltered	unaltered	ADJ
easat-10525	313	9	version	version	NOUN
easat-10525	313	10	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	313	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	313	12	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
easat-10525	313	13	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	313	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	314	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	314	2	functions	function	VERB
easat-10525	314	3	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	314	4	a	a	DET
easat-10525	314	5	benchmark	benchmark	NOUN
easat-10525	314	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	314	7	assessing	assess	VERB
easat-10525	314	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	314	9	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	314	10	's	's	PART
easat-10525	314	11	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	314	12	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	314	13	reliably	reliably	ADV
easat-10525	314	14	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	314	15	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	314	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	314	17	localizing	localize	VERB
easat-10525	314	18	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	314	19	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	314	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	315	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	315	2	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	315	3	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	315	4	9(b	9(b	NUM
easat-10525	315	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	315	6	below	below	ADP
easat-10525	315	7	depicts	depict	VERB
easat-10525	315	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	315	9	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
easat-10525	315	10	input	input	NOUN
easat-10525	315	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	315	12	which	which	PRON
easat-10525	315	13	includes	include	VERB
easat-10525	315	14	modifications	modification	NOUN
easat-10525	315	15	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
easat-10525	315	16	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-10525	315	17	to	to	PART
easat-10525	315	18	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	315	19	the	the	DET
easat-10525	315	20	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-10525	315	21	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	315	22	the	the	DET
easat-10525	315	23	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	315	24	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	315	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	316	1	this	this	PRON
easat-10525	316	2	serves	serve	VERB
easat-10525	316	3	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	316	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	316	5	benchmark	benchmark	NOUN
easat-10525	316	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	316	7	comparing	compare	VERB
easat-10525	316	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	316	9	identified	identify	VERB
easat-10525	316	10	parts	part	NOUN
easat-10525	316	11	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	316	12	the	the	DET
easat-10525	316	13	original	original	ADJ
easat-10525	316	14	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	316	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	316	16	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	316	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	316	18	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-10525	316	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	316	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	316	21	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	316	22	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	316	23	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	316	24	recognizing	recognize	VERB
easat-10525	316	25	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	316	26	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	316	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	317	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-10525	317	2	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	317	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	317	4	original	original	ADJ
easat-10525	317	5	unaltered	unaltered	ADJ
easat-10525	317	6	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	317	7	vs.	vs.	ADP
easat-10525	317	8	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
easat-10525	317	9	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	317	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	318	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-10525	318	2	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	318	3	depicts	depict	VERB
easat-10525	318	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	318	5	recognized	recognize	VERB
easat-10525	318	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10525	318	7	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	318	8	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	318	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	318	10	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	318	11	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	318	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	319	1	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10525	319	2	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	319	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	319	4	irrespective	irrespective	ADV
easat-10525	319	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	319	6	size	size	NOUN
easat-10525	319	7	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	319	8	position	position	NOUN
easat-10525	319	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	319	10	display	display	NOUN
easat-10525	319	11	all	all	DET
easat-10525	319	12	identified	identify	VERB
easat-10525	319	13	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	319	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	319	15	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
easat-10525	319	16	encompassing	encompass	VERB
easat-10525	319	17	extraneous	extraneous	ADJ
easat-10525	319	18	information	information	NOUN
easat-10525	319	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	320	1	conversely	conversely	ADV
easat-10525	320	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	320	3	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10525	320	4	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	320	5	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	320	6	size	size	NOUN
easat-10525	320	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	320	8	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	320	9	encompass	encompass	VERB
easat-10525	320	10	solely	solely	ADV
easat-10525	320	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	320	12	salient	salient	ADJ
easat-10525	320	13	elements	element	NOUN
easat-10525	320	14	linked	link	VERB
easat-10525	320	15	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	320	16	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-10525	320	17	changes	change	NOUN
easat-10525	320	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	321	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	321	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-10525	321	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-10525	321	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	321	5	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	321	6	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	321	7	's	's	PART
easat-10525	321	8	capability	capability	NOUN
easat-10525	321	9	to	to	PART
easat-10525	321	10	adeptly	adeptly	ADV
easat-10525	321	11	manage	manage	VERB
easat-10525	321	12	717	717	NUM
easat-10525	321	13	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	321	14	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	321	15	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	321	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	321	17	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	321	18	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	321	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	321	20	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	321	21	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	321	22	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	321	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	321	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	322	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	322	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	322	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	322	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	322	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	322	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	322	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	322	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	322	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	322	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	322	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	322	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	322	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	322	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	322	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	322	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	322	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	322	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	322	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	322	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	322	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	322	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	323	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	323	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	323	3	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	323	4	variations	variation	NOUN
easat-10525	323	5	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	323	6	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	323	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	323	8	rotation	rotation	NOUN
easat-10525	323	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	323	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	323	11	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	323	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	324	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-10525	324	2	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	324	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	325	1	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	325	2	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	325	3	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-10525	325	4	without	without	ADP
easat-10525	325	5	size	size	NOUN
easat-10525	325	6	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10525	325	7	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	325	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	325	9	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	325	10	size	size	NOUN
easat-10525	325	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	325	12	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-10525	325	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	326	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-10525	326	2	11	11	NUM
easat-10525	326	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-10525	326	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	326	5	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-10525	326	6	important	important	ADJ
easat-10525	326	7	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	326	8	between	between	ADP
easat-10525	326	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	326	10	forged	forge	VERB
easat-10525	326	11	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	326	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	326	13	their	their	PRON
easat-10525	326	14	respective	respective	ADJ
easat-10525	326	15	positions	position	NOUN
easat-10525	326	16	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	326	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	326	18	altered	altered	ADJ
easat-10525	326	19	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	326	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	327	1	these	these	DET
easat-10525	327	2	matches	match	NOUN
easat-10525	327	3	represent	represent	VERB
easat-10525	327	4	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	327	5	recognized	recognize	VERB
easat-10525	327	6	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	327	7	potentially	potentially	ADV
easat-10525	327	8	altered	alter	VERB
easat-10525	327	9	due	due	ADP
easat-10525	327	10	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	327	11	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	327	12	similarity	similarity	NOUN
easat-10525	327	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	328	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	328	2	visualization	visualization	NOUN
easat-10525	328	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	328	4	matches	match	NOUN
easat-10525	328	5	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10525	328	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	328	7	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-10525	328	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	328	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	328	10	orb	orb	ADJ
easat-10525	328	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	328	12	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	328	13	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-10525	328	14	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	328	15	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	328	16	tampered	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	328	17	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	328	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	328	19	even	even	ADV
easat-10525	328	20	under	under	ADP
easat-10525	328	21	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-10525	328	22	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
easat-10525	328	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	329	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-10525	329	2	11	11	NUM
easat-10525	329	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	330	1	best	good	ADJ
easat-10525	330	2	matches	match	NOUN
easat-10525	330	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	331	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-10525	331	2	12	12	NUM
easat-10525	331	3	functions	function	NOUN
easat-10525	331	4	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	331	5	the	the	DET
easat-10525	331	6	benchmark	benchmark	NOUN
easat-10525	331	7	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	331	8	verifying	verify	VERB
easat-10525	331	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	331	10	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	331	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10525	331	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	332	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10525	332	2	delineates	delineate	VERB
easat-10525	332	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	332	4	precise	precise	ADJ
easat-10525	332	5	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	332	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	332	7	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	332	8	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	332	9	the	the	DET
easat-10525	332	10	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	332	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	332	12	against	against	ADP
easat-10525	332	13	which	which	PRON
easat-10525	332	14	the	the	DET
easat-10525	332	15	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	332	16	's	's	PART
easat-10525	332	17	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-10525	332	18	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	332	19	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
easat-10525	332	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	333	1	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-10525	333	2	such	such	ADJ
easat-10525	333	3	as	as	ADP
easat-10525	333	4	718	718	NUM
easat-10525	333	5	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	333	6	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	333	7	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	333	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	333	9	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	333	10	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	333	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	333	12	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	333	13	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	333	14	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	333	15	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	333	16	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	334	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	334	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	334	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	334	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	334	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	334	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	334	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	334	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	334	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	334	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	334	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	334	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	334	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	334	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	334	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	334	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	334	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	334	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	334	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	334	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	334	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	334	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	334	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	334	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	334	25	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-10525	334	26	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10525	334	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	334	28	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	334	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	334	30	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	334	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	334	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	334	33	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-10525	334	34	score	score	NOUN
easat-10525	334	35	are	be	AUX
easat-10525	334	36	computed	compute	VERB
easat-10525	334	37	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	334	38	contrasting	contrast	VERB
easat-10525	334	39	the	the	DET
easat-10525	334	40	identified	identify	VERB
easat-10525	334	41	tampered	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	334	42	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	334	43	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	334	44	the	the	DET
easat-10525	334	45	ground	ground	NOUN
easat-10525	334	46	truth	truth	NOUN
easat-10525	334	47	to	to	PART
easat-10525	334	48	assess	assess	VERB
easat-10525	334	49	the	the	DET
easat-10525	334	50	dependability	dependability	NOUN
easat-10525	334	51	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	334	52	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-10525	334	53	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	334	54	the	the	DET
easat-10525	334	55	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-10525	334	56	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	334	57	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	335	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10525	335	2	12	12	NUM
easat-10525	335	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	336	1	ground	ground	NOUN
easat-10525	336	2	truth	truth	NOUN
easat-10525	336	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	337	1	5	5	X
easat-10525	337	2	.	.	X
easat-10525	337	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-10525	337	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	337	5	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-10525	337	6	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	337	7	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	337	8	picture	picture	NOUN
easat-10525	337	9	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	337	10	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	337	11	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	337	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	337	13	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	337	14	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	337	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	337	16	which	which	PRON
easat-10525	337	17	involves	involve	VERB
easat-10525	337	18	replicating	replicate	VERB
easat-10525	337	19	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-10525	337	20	segments	segment	NOUN
easat-10525	337	21	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	337	22	an	an	DET
easat-10525	337	23	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	337	24	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	337	25	the	the	DET
easat-10525	337	26	same	same	ADJ
easat-10525	337	27	composition	composition	NOUN
easat-10525	337	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	338	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	338	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	338	3	focused	focus	VERB
easat-10525	338	4	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	338	5	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-10525	338	6	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	338	7	pointbased	pointbase	VERB
easat-10525	338	8	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10525	338	9	to	to	PART
easat-10525	338	10	efficiently	efficiently	ADV
easat-10525	338	11	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10525	338	12	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	338	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	338	14	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	338	15	frauds	fraud	NOUN
easat-10525	338	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	339	1	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	339	2	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	339	3	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	339	4	points	point	NOUN
easat-10525	339	5	enables	enable	VERB
easat-10525	339	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	339	7	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	339	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	339	9	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
easat-10525	339	10	sections	section	NOUN
easat-10525	339	11	within	within	ADP
easat-10525	339	12	the	the	DET
easat-10525	339	13	same	same	ADJ
easat-10525	339	14	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	339	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	340	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	340	2	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	340	3	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	340	4	integrates	integrate	NOUN
easat-10525	340	5	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	340	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	340	7	single	single	ADJ
easat-10525	340	8	shot	shot	NOUN
easat-10525	340	9	detector	detector	NOUN
easat-10525	340	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	340	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	340	12	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	340	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	340	14	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-10525	340	15	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	340	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	340	17	rotated	rotate	VERB
easat-10525	340	18	brief	brief	NOUN
easat-10525	340	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	340	20	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	340	21	to	to	PART
easat-10525	340	22	detect	detect	VERB
easat-10525	340	23	objects	object	NOUN
easat-10525	340	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	340	25	extract	extract	VERB
easat-10525	340	26	their	their	PRON
easat-10525	340	27	attributes	attribute	NOUN
easat-10525	340	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	341	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	341	2	descriptor	descriptor	NOUN
easat-10525	341	3	's	's	PART
easat-10525	341	4	low	low	ADV
easat-10525	341	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	341	6	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
easat-10525	341	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	341	8	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-10525	341	9	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-10525	341	10	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-10525	341	11	the	the	DET
easat-10525	341	12	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-10525	341	13	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-10525	341	14	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	341	15	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	341	16	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-10525	341	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	341	18	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-10525	341	19	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	341	20	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10525	341	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	342	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-10525	342	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	342	3	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-10525	342	4	was	be	AUX
easat-10525	342	5	employed	employ	VERB
easat-10525	342	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	342	7	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	342	8	verification	verification	NOUN
easat-10525	342	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	343	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	343	2	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10525	343	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-10525	343	4	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-10525	343	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	343	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	343	7	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	343	8	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	343	9	achieves	achieve	VERB
easat-10525	343	10	a	a	DET
easat-10525	343	11	balanced	balanced	ADJ
easat-10525	343	12	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-10525	343	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	343	14	off	off	NOUN
easat-10525	343	15	between	between	ADP
easat-10525	343	16	speed	speed	NOUN
easat-10525	343	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	343	18	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	343	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	343	20	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	343	21	detailed	detailed	ADJ
easat-10525	343	22	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	343	23	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	343	24	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	343	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	344	1	the	the	DET
easat-10525	344	2	key	key	ADJ
easat-10525	344	3	point	point	NOUN
easat-10525	344	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	344	5	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	344	6	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	344	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-10525	344	8	handled	handle	VERB
easat-10525	344	9	both	both	CCONJ
easat-10525	344	10	basic	basic	ADJ
easat-10525	344	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	344	12	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-10525	344	13	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	344	14	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-10525	344	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	344	16	without	without	ADP
easat-10525	344	17	external	external	ADJ
easat-10525	344	18	attacks	attack	NOUN
easat-10525	344	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	345	1	a	a	DET
easat-10525	345	2	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-10525	345	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10525	345	4	with	with	ADP
easat-10525	345	5	other	other	ADJ
easat-10525	345	6	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-10525	345	7	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	345	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	345	9	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	345	10	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	345	11	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	345	12	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	345	13	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10525	345	14	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	345	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	345	16	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10525	345	17	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-10525	345	18	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-10525	345	19	superior	superior	ADJ
easat-10525	345	20	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-10525	345	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	345	22	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-10525	345	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	345	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	345	25	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-10525	345	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	345	27	score	score	NOUN
easat-10525	345	28	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	345	29	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-10525	345	30	tampered	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	345	31	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	345	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	345	33	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	345	34	shown	show	VERB
easat-10525	345	35	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	345	36	table	table	NOUN
easat-10525	345	37	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	345	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	346	1	these	these	DET
easat-10525	346	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-10525	346	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
easat-10525	346	4	the	the	DET
easat-10525	346	5	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	346	6	's	's	PART
easat-10525	346	7	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-10525	346	8	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	346	9	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-10525	346	10	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	346	11	modified	modified	ADJ
easat-10525	346	12	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	346	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	347	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-10525	347	2	endeavors	endeavor	NOUN
easat-10525	347	3	will	will	AUX
easat-10525	347	4	be	be	AUX
easat-10525	347	5	focused	focus	VERB
easat-10525	347	6	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	347	7	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-10525	347	8	the	the	DET
easat-10525	347	9	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-10525	347	10	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	347	11	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	347	12	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	347	13	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	347	14	including	include	VERB
easat-10525	347	15	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-10525	347	16	forensic	forensic	ADJ
easat-10525	347	17	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	347	18	to	to	PART
easat-10525	347	19	tackle	tackle	VERB
easat-10525	347	20	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	347	21	forgeries	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	347	22	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	347	23	a	a	DET
easat-10525	347	24	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-10525	347	25	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-10525	347	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	347	27	especially	especially	ADV
easat-10525	347	28	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	347	29	instances	instance	NOUN
easat-10525	347	30	requiring	require	VERB
easat-10525	347	31	rotation	rotation	NOUN
easat-10525	347	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	347	33	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
easat-10525	347	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	347	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	347	36	intricately	intricately	ADV
easat-10525	347	37	textured	textured	ADJ
easat-10525	347	38	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10525	347	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	348	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-10525	348	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	348	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	348	4	existing	exist	VERB
easat-10525	348	5	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-10525	348	6	fails	fail	VERB
easat-10525	348	7	to	to	PART
easat-10525	348	8	address	address	VERB
easat-10525	348	9	splicing	splice	VERB
easat-10525	348	10	a	a	DET
easat-10525	348	11	type	type	NOUN
easat-10525	348	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	348	13	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	348	14	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10525	348	15	that	that	PRON
easat-10525	348	16	involves	involve	VERB
easat-10525	348	17	amalgamating	amalgamate	VERB
easat-10525	348	18	components	component	NOUN
easat-10525	348	19	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	348	20	many	many	ADJ
easat-10525	348	21	sources	source	NOUN
easat-10525	348	22	to	to	PART
easat-10525	348	23	produce	produce	VERB
easat-10525	348	24	a	a	DET
easat-10525	348	25	counterfeit	counterfeit	ADJ
easat-10525	348	26	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	348	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	349	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-10525	349	2	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-10525	349	3	will	will	AUX
easat-10525	349	4	focus	focus	VERB
easat-10525	349	5	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	349	6	creating	create	VERB
easat-10525	349	7	a	a	DET
easat-10525	349	8	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-10525	349	9	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	349	10	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	349	11	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-10525	349	12	splicing	splicing	NOUN
easat-10525	349	13	attacks	attack	NOUN
easat-10525	349	14	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10525	349	15	also	also	ADV
easat-10525	349	16	addressing	address	VERB
easat-10525	349	17	smooth	smooth	ADJ
easat-10525	349	18	sections	section	NOUN
easat-10525	349	19	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	349	20	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-10525	349	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	349	22	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-10525	349	23	establishing	establish	VERB
easat-10525	349	24	a	a	DET
easat-10525	349	25	more	more	ADV
easat-10525	349	26	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-10525	349	27	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10525	349	28	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	349	29	tampering	tamper	VERB
easat-10525	349	30	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	349	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	350	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-10525	350	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	350	3	the	the	DET
easat-10525	350	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	350	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-10525	350	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	350	7	the	the	DET
easat-10525	350	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-10525	350	9	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	350	10	an	an	DET
easat-10525	350	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-10525	350	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	350	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-10525	350	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	350	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	350	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-10525	350	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-10525	350	18	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	350	19	the	the	DET
easat-10525	350	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	350	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	350	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	350	23	no	no	DET
easat-10525	350	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-10525	350	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	350	26	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	350	27	the	the	DET
easat-10525	350	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	350	29	have	have	AUX
easat-10525	350	30	been	be	AUX
easat-10525	350	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-10525	350	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	350	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	350	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10525	350	35	any	any	DET
easat-10525	350	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-10525	350	37	from	from	ADP
easat-10525	350	38	the	the	DET
easat-10525	350	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	350	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10525	350	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-10525	350	42	have	have	AUX
easat-10525	350	43	been	be	AUX
easat-10525	350	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-10525	350	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	351	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	351	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10525	351	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-10525	351	4	all	all	DET
easat-10525	351	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-10525	351	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-10525	351	7	during	during	ADP
easat-10525	351	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-10525	351	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	352	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-10525	352	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	352	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	352	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	352	5	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	352	6	the	the	DET
easat-10525	352	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	352	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	353	1	this	this	DET
easat-10525	353	2	article	article	NOUN
easat-10525	353	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10525	353	4	an	an	DET
easat-10525	353	5	open	open	ADJ
easat-10525	353	6	access	access	NOUN
easat-10525	353	7	article	article	NOUN
easat-10525	353	8	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-10525	353	9	under	under	ADP
easat-10525	353	10	the	the	DET
easat-10525	353	11	terms	term	NOUN
easat-10525	353	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	353	13	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-10525	353	14	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	353	15	the	the	DET
easat-10525	353	16	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-10525	353	17	commons	common	NOUN
easat-10525	353	18	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-10525	353	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	353	20	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-10525	353	21	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	353	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	353	23	license	license	NOUN
easat-10525	353	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	353	25	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-10525	353	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	353	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	354	1	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-10525	354	2	719	719	NUM
easat-10525	354	3	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10525	354	4	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	354	5	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	354	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	354	7	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	354	8	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10525	354	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	354	10	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10525	354	11	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	354	12	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10525	354	13	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	354	14	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	355	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	355	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	355	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	355	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	355	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	7	704	704	NUM
easat-10525	355	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	355	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	355	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	355	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10525	355	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	355	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	355	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	355	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	355	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	355	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	355	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	355	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	355	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	355	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10525	355	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	355	26	references	reference	NOUN
easat-10525	355	27	[	[	X
easat-10525	355	28	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	355	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	30	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-10525	355	31	raja	raja	PROPN
easat-10525	355	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	34	active	active	ADJ
easat-10525	355	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	355	36	passive	passive	ADJ
easat-10525	355	37	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	355	38	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	355	39	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	355	40	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	355	41	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	42	a	a	DET
easat-10525	355	43	review	review	NOUN
easat-10525	355	44	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10525	355	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	46	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	47	international	international	ADJ
easat-10525	355	48	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-10525	355	49	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	355	50	engineering	engineering	PROPN
easat-10525	355	51	research	research	PROPN
easat-10525	355	52	&	&	CCONJ
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easat-10525	355	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	355	55	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	355	56	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	356	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	356	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	356	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	356	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	356	5	5	5	NUM
easat-10525	356	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	356	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	356	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	357	1	418	418	NUM
easat-10525	357	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	357	3	424	424	NUM
easat-10525	357	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	357	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-10525	357	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	358	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	358	2	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	358	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	358	4	h.-y	h.-y	NOUN
easat-10525	358	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	359	1	huang	huang	PROPN
easat-10525	359	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	359	3	a.-j	a.-j	PROPN
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easat-10525	359	7	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	359	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	359	10	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	359	11	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	359	12	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	359	13	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	359	14	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	359	15	forensics	forensic	NOUN
easat-10525	359	16	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	359	17	the	the	DET
easat-10525	359	18	superpixel	superpixel	ADJ
easat-10525	359	19	segmentation	segmentation	NOUN
easat-10525	359	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	359	21	the	the	DET
easat-10525	359	22	helmert	helmert	PROPN
easat-10525	359	23	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-10525	359	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	359	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	359	26	eurasip	eurasip	NOUN
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easat-10525	359	28	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	359	29	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	359	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	359	31	video	video	NOUN
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easat-10525	359	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	359	34	vol	vol	NOUN
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easat-10525	359	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	359	38	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10525	359	39	68	68	NUM
easat-10525	359	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	359	41	2019	2019	NUM
easat-10525	359	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	360	1	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-019-0469-9	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-019-0469-9	NUM
easat-10525	361	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	361	2	3	3	X
easat-10525	361	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	361	4	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-10525	361	5	f.	f.	PROPN
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easat-10525	361	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	361	8	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-10525	361	9	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-10525	361	10	dawod	dawod	PROPN
easat-10525	361	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	361	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	361	13	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-10525	361	14	z.	z.	PROPN
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easat-10525	361	20	tamper	tamper	ADJ
easat-10525	361	21	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	361	22	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	361	23	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	361	24	security	security	NOUN
easat-10525	361	25	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	361	26	mage	mage	NOUN
easat-10525	361	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	361	28	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	361	30	:	:	PUNCT
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easat-10525	361	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	361	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	361	34	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10525	361	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	361	37	p.	p.	NOUN
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easat-10525	361	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	361	40	2023	2023	NUM
easat-10525	361	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	362	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2023.100746	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2023.100746	PROPN
easat-10525	362	2	[	[	X
easat-10525	362	3	4	4	X
easat-10525	362	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	362	5	t.	t.	PROPN
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easat-10525	362	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	362	13	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-10525	362	14	b.	b.	PROPN
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easat-10525	362	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	362	18	perceptual	perceptual	ADJ
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easat-10525	362	20	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	362	21	tamper	tamper	NOUN
easat-10525	362	22	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	362	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	362	24	recovery	recovery	NOUN
easat-10525	362	25	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	362	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	362	27	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	362	30	multimedia	multimedia	NOUN
easat-10525	362	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	362	32	vol	vol	NOUN
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easat-10525	362	34	2022	2022	NUM
easat-10525	362	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	362	36	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	362	37	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	362	38	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	362	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	362	40	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10525	362	41	5771954	5771954	NUM
easat-10525	362	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	362	43	2022	2022	NUM
easat-10525	362	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	363	1	https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5771954	https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5771954	PROPN
easat-10525	364	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	364	2	5	5	X
easat-10525	364	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	364	4	y.	y.	PROPN
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easat-10525	364	7	y.	y.	PROPN
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easat-10525	364	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	364	11	x.	x.	NOUN
easat-10525	364	12	ai	ai	VERB
easat-10525	364	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	15	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	364	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	17	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	364	18	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	364	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	20	paste	paste	NOUN
easat-10525	364	21	tamper	tamper	NOUN
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easat-10525	364	23	technology	technology	NOUN
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easat-10525	364	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	30	iop	iop	PROPN
easat-10525	364	31	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-10525	364	32	series	series	NOUN
easat-10525	364	33	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	34	materials	material	NOUN
easat-10525	364	35	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	364	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	364	37	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10525	364	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	364	40	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10525	364	42	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	364	44	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	364	45	5	5	NUM
easat-10525	364	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	47	p.	p.	NOUN
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easat-10525	364	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	50	2019	2019	NUM
easat-10525	364	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	364	52	https://doi.org/10.1088/1757899x/612/5/052017	https://doi.org/10.1088/1757899x/612/5/052017	X
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easat-10525	365	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	365	4	s.	s.	PROPN
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easat-10525	365	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	365	7	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-10525	365	8	kumar	kumar	PROPN
easat-10525	365	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	365	10	s.	s.	PROPN
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easat-10525	365	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	365	14	f.	f.	PROPN
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easat-10525	365	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	365	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	365	18	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-10525	365	19	kumar	kumar	PROPN
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easat-10525	365	21	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	365	28	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	365	29	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	365	30	forgery	forgery	NOUN
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easat-10525	365	33	convolution	convolution	NOUN
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easat-10525	365	35	network	network	NOUN
easat-10525	365	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	365	37	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	365	38	multimedia	multimedia	NOUN
easat-10525	365	39	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-10525	365	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	365	41	applications	application	NOUN
easat-10525	365	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	365	43	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	365	44	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10525	365	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	365	47	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	365	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	366	1	11259	11259	NUM
easat-10525	366	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	366	3	11277	11277	NUM
easat-10525	366	4	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	366	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	367	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-11974-5	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-11974-5	NOUN
easat-10525	368	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	368	2	7	7	X
easat-10525	368	3	]	]	PUNCT
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easat-10525	368	5	bhole	bhole	PROPN
easat-10525	368	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	368	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-10525	368	8	wajgi	wajgi	PROPN
easat-10525	368	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	368	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	368	11	an	an	DET
easat-10525	368	12	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	368	13	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	368	14	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	368	15	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	368	16	sift	sift	ADJ
easat-10525	368	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	368	18	pca	pca	NOUN
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easat-10525	368	20	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	368	30	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10525	368	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	368	33	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	368	34	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	368	35	6	6	NUM
easat-10525	368	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	368	37	p.	p.	NOUN
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easat-10525	368	39	i	i	PROPN
easat-10525	368	40	d	d	PROPN
easat-10525	368	41	ijertv9is060127	ijertv9is060127	PROPN
easat-10525	368	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	368	43	2020	2020	NUM
easat-10525	368	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	369	1	https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv9is060127	https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv9is060127	NOUN
easat-10525	370	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	370	2	8	8	NUM
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easat-10525	370	9	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	370	13	m.	m.	NOUN
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easat-10525	370	16	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10525	370	18	v.	v.	CCONJ
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easat-10525	370	25	move	move	VERB
easat-10525	370	26	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	370	27	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	370	28	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	370	29	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	370	30	images	image	NOUN
easat-10525	370	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	370	32	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	370	33	multimedia	multimedia	NOUN
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easat-10525	370	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	370	36	applications	application	NOUN
easat-10525	370	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	370	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	370	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	370	40	81	81	NUM
easat-10525	370	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	370	42	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	370	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	370	44	22867	22867	NUM
easat-10525	370	45	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	370	46	22902	22902	NUM
easat-10525	370	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	370	48	2022	2022	NUM
easat-10525	370	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	371	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042021-11503-w	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042021-11503-w	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	372	2	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	372	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	4	a.	a.	NOUN
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easat-10525	372	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	8	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	372	9	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	372	10	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	372	11	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	372	12	using	use	VERB
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easat-10525	372	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	372	15	approach	approach	NOUN
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easat-10525	372	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	18	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-10525	372	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	372	20	physics	physics	PROPN
easat-10525	372	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	22	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-10525	372	23	series	series	NOUN
easat-10525	372	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	372	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	372	27	1368	1368	NUM
easat-10525	372	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	29	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	372	30	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	372	31	3	3	NUM
easat-10525	372	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	33	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10525	372	34	032028	032028	NUM
easat-10525	372	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	372	36	2019	2019	NUM
easat-10525	372	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	373	1	https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1368/3/032028	https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1368/3/032028	PUNCT
easat-10525	374	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	374	2	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	374	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	374	4	v.	v.	CCONJ
easat-10525	374	5	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-10525	374	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	374	7	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-10525	374	8	k.	k.	PROPN
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easat-10525	374	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	374	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	374	12	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10525	374	13	k.	k.	PROPN
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easat-10525	374	15	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	374	17	digital	digital	ADJ
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easat-10525	374	20	detection	detection	NOUN
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easat-10525	374	22	localization	localization	NOUN
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easat-10525	374	24	singular	singular	ADJ
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easat-10525	374	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	374	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	374	30	in	in	ADP
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easat-10525	374	36	computer	computer	NOUN
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easat-10525	374	42	image	image	NOUN
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easat-10525	374	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	374	45	graphics	graphic	NOUN
easat-10525	374	46	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	374	47	ncvpripg	ncvpripg	PROPN
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easat-10525	374	49	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	374	50	pp	pp	X
easat-10525	374	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	375	1	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	375	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	375	3	4	4	NUM
easat-10525	375	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	375	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	376	1	ieee	ieee	PROPN
easat-10525	376	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	376	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	377	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	377	2	11	11	NUM
easat-10525	377	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	377	4	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-10525	377	5	patil	patil	PROPN
easat-10525	377	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	377	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10525	377	8	wade	wade	PROPN
easat-10525	377	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	377	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	377	11	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	377	12	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	377	13	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	377	14	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	377	15	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	377	16	sift	sift	ADJ
easat-10525	377	17	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	377	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	377	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	377	20	international	international	ADJ
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easat-10525	377	23	engineering	engineering	PROPN
easat-10525	377	24	research	research	PROPN
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easat-10525	377	26	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	377	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	377	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	377	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	377	30	5	5	NUM
easat-10525	377	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	377	32	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	377	33	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	377	34	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	377	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	377	36	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	377	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	378	1	1–4	1–4	NUM
easat-10525	378	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	378	3	2018	2018	NUM
easat-10525	378	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	379	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	379	2	12	12	NUM
easat-10525	379	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	379	4	x.	x.	NOUN
easat-10525	379	5	tian	tian	PROPN
easat-10525	379	6	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	379	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	379	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	379	11	m.	m.	PROPN
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easat-10525	379	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	379	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	379	15	image	image	NOUN
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easat-10525	379	21	on	on	ADP
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easat-10525	379	24	novel	novel	ADJ
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easat-10525	379	26	metric	metric	NOUN
easat-10525	379	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	379	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	379	29	iet	iet	PROPN
easat-10525	379	30	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	379	31	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-10525	379	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	379	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	379	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	380	1	14	14	NUM
easat-10525	380	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	380	3	no	no	INTJ
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easat-10525	380	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	380	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	380	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	380	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	381	1	2092	2092	NUM
easat-10525	381	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	381	3	2100	2100	NUM
easat-10525	381	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	381	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-10525	381	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	382	1	https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2019.1145	https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2019.1145	NOUN
easat-10525	382	2	[	[	X
easat-10525	382	3	13	13	NUM
easat-10525	382	4	]	]	PUNCT
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easat-10525	382	6	wattanachote	wattanachote	VERB
easat-10525	382	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	382	8	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-10525	382	9	k.	k.	PROPN
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easat-10525	382	11	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	382	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	383	1	chang	chang	PROPN
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easat-10525	383	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	384	1	chang	chang	PROPN
easat-10525	384	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	384	10	to	to	ADP
easat-10525	384	11	seam	seam	VERB
easat-10525	384	12	modifications	modification	NOUN
easat-10525	384	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	384	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	384	15	ieee	ieee	NOUN
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easat-10525	384	17	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	384	18	information	information	NOUN
easat-10525	384	19	forensics	forensic	NOUN
easat-10525	384	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	384	21	security	security	NOUN
easat-10525	384	22	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	384	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	384	25	10	10	NUM
easat-10525	384	26	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	384	28	.	.	NOUN
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easat-10525	384	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	384	31	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	384	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	385	1	2477	2477	NUM
easat-10525	385	2	-	-	SYM
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easat-10525	386	4	v.	v.	CCONJ
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easat-10525	386	10	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	386	12	digital	digital	ADJ
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easat-10525	386	24	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	386	30	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	386	38	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	387	2	-	-	SYM
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easat-10525	387	4	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	389	21	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	389	51	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	389	54	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	390	29	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10525	390	31	networks	network	NOUN
easat-10525	390	32	(	(	PUNCT
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easat-10525	390	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	390	35	(	(	PUNCT
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easat-10525	390	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	391	1	504	504	NUM
easat-10525	391	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	391	3	509	509	NUM
easat-10525	391	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	391	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	392	1	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-10525	392	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	392	3	2021	2021	NUM
easat-10525	392	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	393	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	393	2	17	17	NUM
easat-10525	393	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	393	4	s.	s.	PROPN
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easat-10525	393	7	m.	m.	PROPN
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easat-10525	393	10	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	393	29	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
easat-10525	393	30	communication	communication	NOUN
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easat-10525	393	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	393	33	virtual	virtual	ADJ
easat-10525	393	34	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-10525	393	35	networks	network	NOUN
easat-10525	393	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	393	37	icicv	icicv	PROPN
easat-10525	393	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	393	39	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	393	40	pp	pp	X
easat-10525	393	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	393	42	1278	1278	NUM
easat-10525	393	43	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	393	44	1285	1285	NUM
easat-10525	393	45	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	393	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	394	1	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-10525	394	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	394	3	2021	2021	NUM
easat-10525	394	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	395	2	18	18	NUM
easat-10525	395	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	395	4	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-10525	395	5	gonzález	gonzález	PROPN
easat-10525	395	6	fernández	fernández	PROPN
easat-10525	395	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	8	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-10525	395	9	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-10525	395	10	sandoval	sandoval	PROPN
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easat-10525	395	12	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	395	14	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-10525	395	15	garcía	garcía	PROPN
easat-10525	395	16	villalba	villalba	PROPN
easat-10525	395	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	395	19	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-10525	395	20	hernandez	hernandez	PROPN
easat-10525	395	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	22	castro	castro	PROPN
easat-10525	395	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	25	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10525	395	26	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	395	27	tamper	tamper	NOUN
easat-10525	395	28	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	395	29	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	395	30	based	base	VERB
easat-10525	395	31	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	395	32	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
easat-10525	395	33	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10525	395	34	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	395	35	cfa	cfa	NOUN
easat-10525	395	36	artifacts	artifact	NOUN
easat-10525	395	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	39	sensors	sensor	NOUN
easat-10525	395	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	395	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	395	43	18	18	NUM
easat-10525	395	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	45	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	395	46	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	395	47	9	9	NUM
easat-10525	395	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	49	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10525	395	50	2804	2804	NUM
easat-10525	395	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	395	52	2018	2018	NUM
easat-10525	395	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	1	https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092804	https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092804	PRON
easat-10525	396	2	[	[	X
easat-10525	396	3	19	19	NUM
easat-10525	396	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	5	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-10525	396	6	ahmad	ahmad	PROPN
easat-10525	396	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	396	8	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-10525	396	9	khursheed	khursheed	PROPN
easat-10525	396	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	12	a	a	DET
easat-10525	396	13	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-10525	396	14	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	396	15	tamper	tamper	NOUN
easat-10525	396	16	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	396	17	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10525	396	18	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	396	19	blending	blend	VERB
easat-10525	396	20	forensic	forensic	ADJ
easat-10525	396	21	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-10525	396	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	396	23	optimized	optimize	VERB
easat-10525	396	24	cnn	cnn	PROPN
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easat-10525	396	26	sealion	sealion	NOUN
easat-10525	396	27	customized	customize	VERB
easat-10525	396	28	firefly	firefly	NOUN
easat-10525	396	29	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	396	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	32	multimedia	multimedia	NOUN
easat-10525	396	33	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-10525	396	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	396	35	applications	application	NOUN
easat-10525	396	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	396	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	396	39	81	81	NUM
easat-10525	396	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	41	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	396	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	43	2577	2577	NUM
easat-10525	396	44	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	396	45	2601	2601	NUM
easat-10525	396	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	396	47	2022	2022	NUM
easat-10525	396	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	397	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11529-0	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11529-0	NUM
easat-10525	398	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	398	2	20	20	NUM
easat-10525	398	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	398	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-10525	398	5	s.	s.	PROPN
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easat-10525	398	8	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-10525	398	9	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-10525	398	10	kandali	kandali	PROPN
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easat-10525	398	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	398	13	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
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easat-10525	398	22	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	398	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	398	24	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	398	30	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10525	398	31	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10525	398	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	398	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	398	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	398	35	17	17	NUM
easat-10525	398	36	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	398	38	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	398	39	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	398	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	398	41	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	398	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	399	1	71–82	71–82	NUM
easat-10525	399	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	399	3	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10525	399	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	400	2	21	21	NUM
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easat-10525	400	4	g.	g.	PROPN
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easat-10525	400	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	7	y.	y.	PROPN
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easat-10525	400	10	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10525	400	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	15	image	image	NOUN
easat-10525	400	16	copy	copy	NOUN
easat-10525	400	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	18	move	move	NOUN
easat-10525	400	19	forgery	forgery	NOUN
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easat-10525	400	21	based	base	VERB
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easat-10525	400	23	fused	fused	ADJ
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easat-10525	400	25	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10525	400	27	clustering	cluster	VERB
easat-10525	400	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	30	applied	apply	VERB
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easat-10525	400	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	400	34	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10525	400	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	37	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	400	38	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	400	39	13	13	NUM
easat-10525	400	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	41	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10525	400	42	7528	7528	NUM
easat-10525	400	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	44	2023	2023	NUM
easat-10525	400	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	400	46	https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137528	https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137528	PRON
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easat-10525	401	2	22	22	NUM
easat-10525	401	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	401	4	k.	k.	PROPN
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easat-10525	401	10	m.	m.	NOUN
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easat-10525	401	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	401	17	z.	z.	PROPN
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easat-10525	401	20	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	401	30	texture	texture	NOUN
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easat-10525	401	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	401	33	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	401	36	electrical	electrical	ADJ
easat-10525	401	37	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10525	401	39	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10525	401	40	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	401	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	402	1	22	22	NUM
easat-10525	402	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	402	3	no	no	INTJ
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easat-10525	402	5	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	402	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	402	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	402	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	403	1	57	57	NUM
easat-10525	403	2	-	-	SYM
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easat-10525	403	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	403	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-10525	403	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	404	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	404	2	23	23	NUM
easat-10525	404	3	]	]	X
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easat-10525	404	8	a	a	DET
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easat-10525	404	11	model	model	NOUN
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easat-10525	404	17	surf	surf	NOUN
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easat-10525	404	20	slic	slic	NOUN
easat-10525	404	21	segmented	segment	VERB
easat-10525	404	22	regions	region	NOUN
easat-10525	404	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	404	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	404	25	engineering	engineering	NOUN
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easat-10525	404	27	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	404	28	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10525	404	29	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	404	30	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	404	31	research	research	NOUN
easat-10525	404	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	404	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	404	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	405	1	14	14	NUM
easat-10525	405	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	405	5	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	405	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	405	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	405	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	406	1	12549	12549	NUM
easat-10525	406	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	406	3	12555	12555	NUM
easat-10525	406	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	406	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10525	406	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	407	1	https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6622	https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6622	PRON
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easat-10525	407	9	b.	b.	PROPN
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easat-10525	408	35	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	408	37	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10525	410	3	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-11974-5	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-11974-5	NOUN
easat-10525	410	4	https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv9is060127	https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv9is060127	NOUN
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easat-10525	410	13	https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137528	https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137528	NUM
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easat-10525	410	16	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	410	17	edelweiss	edelweiss	NOUN
easat-10525	410	18	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10525	410	19	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	410	20	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10525	410	25	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	410	26	8484	8484	NUM
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easat-10525	410	28	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10525	411	6	:	:	PUNCT
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easat-10525	411	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	411	9	720	720	NUM
easat-10525	411	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	411	11	2025	2025	NUM
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easat-10525	411	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	411	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10525	411	15	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	411	16	8484.v9i10.10525	8484.v9i10.10525	NUM
easat-10525	411	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10525	411	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10525	411	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10525	411	20	the	the	DET
easat-10525	411	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10525	411	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10525	411	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10525	411	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	411	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10525	412	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	412	2	25	25	NUM
easat-10525	412	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	412	4	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-10525	412	5	aydın	aydın	PROPN
easat-10525	412	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	412	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	412	8	automated	automate	VERB
easat-10525	412	9	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-10525	412	10	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	412	11	copy‐move	copy‐move	ADJ
easat-10525	412	12	forgery	forgery	NOUN
easat-10525	412	13	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	412	14	hessian	hessian	NOUN
easat-10525	412	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	412	16	patch	patch	ADJ
easat-10525	412	17	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	412	18	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	412	19	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-10525	412	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	412	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	412	22	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-10525	412	23	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	412	24	forensic	forensic	ADJ
easat-10525	412	25	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-10525	412	26	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	412	28	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	412	29	69	69	NUM
easat-10525	412	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	412	31	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	412	32	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	412	33	1	1	NUM
easat-10525	412	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	412	35	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	412	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	413	1	131	131	NUM
easat-10525	413	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	413	3	138	138	NUM
easat-10525	413	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	413	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10525	413	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	414	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15415	https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15415	NOUN
easat-10525	415	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	415	2	26	26	NUM
easat-10525	415	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	415	4	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-10525	415	5	liu	liu	PROPN
easat-10525	415	6	et	et	PROPN
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easat-10525	415	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	415	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	415	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	415	11	ssd	ssd	NOUN
easat-10525	415	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	415	13	single	single	ADJ
easat-10525	415	14	shot	shot	PROPN
easat-10525	415	15	multibox	multibox	NOUN
easat-10525	415	16	detector	detector	NOUN
easat-10525	415	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	415	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	416	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	416	2	arxiv	arxiv	PROPN
easat-10525	416	3	preprint	preprint	VERB
easat-10525	416	4	arxiv:1512.02325	arxiv:1512.02325	PROPN
easat-10525	416	5	]	]	X
easat-10525	416	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	416	7	2015	2015	NUM
easat-10525	416	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	417	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	417	2	27	27	NUM
easat-10525	417	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	417	4	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-10525	417	5	rosten	rosten	PROPN
easat-10525	417	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	417	7	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-10525	417	8	drummond	drummond	PROPN
easat-10525	417	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	417	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	417	11	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-10525	417	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	417	13	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	417	14	high	high	ADJ
easat-10525	417	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10525	417	16	speed	speed	NOUN
easat-10525	417	17	corner	corner	NOUN
easat-10525	417	18	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	417	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	417	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	417	21	in	in	ADP
easat-10525	417	22	european	european	ADJ
easat-10525	417	23	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-10525	417	24	on	on	ADP
easat-10525	417	25	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-10525	417	26	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-10525	417	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	417	28	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	417	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	418	1	430	430	NUM
easat-10525	418	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	418	3	443	443	NUM
easat-10525	418	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	418	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	419	1	berlin	berlin	PROPN
easat-10525	419	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	419	3	heidelberg	heidelberg	PROPN
easat-10525	419	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10525	419	5	springer	springer	PROPN
easat-10525	419	6	berlin	berlin	PROPN
easat-10525	419	7	heidelberg	heidelberg	PROPN
easat-10525	419	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	419	9	2006	2006	NUM
easat-10525	419	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	420	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	420	2	28	28	NUM
easat-10525	420	3	]	]	X
easat-10525	420	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-10525	420	5	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-10525	420	6	borman	borman	PROPN
easat-10525	420	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	420	8	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-10525	420	9	harjoko	harjoko	PROPN
easat-10525	420	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	420	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	420	12	wahyono	wahyono	PROPN
easat-10525	420	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	420	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	420	15	improved	improve	VERB
easat-10525	420	16	orb	orb	NOUN
easat-10525	420	17	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	420	18	through	through	ADP
easat-10525	420	19	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	420	20	point	point	NOUN
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easat-10525	420	22	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10525	420	24	pyramid	pyramid	NOUN
easat-10525	420	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	420	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	420	27	international	international	ADJ
easat-10525	420	28	journal	journal	NOUN
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easat-10525	420	30	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-10525	420	31	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-10525	420	32	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	420	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	420	34	applications	application	NOUN
easat-10525	420	35	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	420	37	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10525	420	39	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	420	41	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	420	42	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	420	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	420	44	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	420	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	421	1	268	268	NUM
easat-10525	421	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	421	3	275	275	NUM
easat-10525	421	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	421	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10525	421	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	422	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	422	2	29	29	NUM
easat-10525	422	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	422	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10525	422	5	aglave	aglave	NOUN
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easat-10525	422	8	s.	s.	PROPN
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easat-10525	422	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	422	11	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	422	14	high	high	ADJ
easat-10525	422	15	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-10525	422	16	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-10525	422	17	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-10525	422	18	method	method	NOUN
easat-10525	422	19	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	422	20	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-10525	422	21	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-10525	422	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	422	23	rotated	rotate	VERB
easat-10525	422	24	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-10525	422	25	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	422	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	422	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	422	28	international	international	ADJ
easat-10525	422	29	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-10525	422	30	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	422	31	research	research	NOUN
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easat-10525	422	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	422	35	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10525	422	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	422	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	422	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	422	39	4	4	NUM
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easat-10525	422	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	422	45	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	422	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	423	1	394	394	NUM
easat-10525	423	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	423	3	397	397	NUM
easat-10525	423	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	423	5	2015	2015	NUM
easat-10525	423	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	424	1	[	[	X
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easat-10525	424	3	]	]	X
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easat-10525	424	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	424	8	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-10525	424	9	goel	goel	PROPN
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easat-10525	424	13	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	424	14	machine	machine	NOUN
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easat-10525	424	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	424	25	easychair	easychair	NOUN
easat-10525	424	26	preprint	preprint	NOUN
easat-10525	424	27	no	no	NOUN
easat-10525	424	28	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10525	424	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	425	1	easychair	easychair	NOUN
easat-10525	425	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	425	3	2023	2023	NUM
easat-10525	425	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	426	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	426	2	31	31	NUM
easat-10525	426	3	]	]	X
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easat-10525	426	10	p.	p.	PROPN
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easat-10525	426	12	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	426	24	orb	orb	PROPN
easat-10525	426	25	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-10525	426	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	426	27	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	426	30	physics	physics	PROPN
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easat-10525	426	33	series	series	NOUN
easat-10525	426	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	426	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	426	36	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10525	426	38	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	426	40	.	.	NOUN
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easat-10525	426	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	426	46	2019	2019	NUM
easat-10525	426	47	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10525	428	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	428	2	32	32	NUM
easat-10525	428	3	]	]	X
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easat-10525	428	36	european	european	PROPN
easat-10525	428	37	conference	conference	PROPN
easat-10525	428	38	on	on	ADP
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easat-10525	428	40	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-10525	428	41	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10525	428	42	eccv	eccv	ADV
easat-10525	428	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10525	428	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	428	45	2018	2018	NUM
easat-10525	428	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	429	1	[	[	X
easat-10525	429	2	33	33	NUM
easat-10525	429	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10525	429	4	s.	s.	PROPN
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easat-10525	429	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	429	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	429	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	429	11	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-10525	429	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	429	13	fake	fake	ADJ
easat-10525	429	14	currency	currency	NOUN
easat-10525	429	15	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	429	16	soft	soft	ADJ
easat-10525	429	17	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-10525	429	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	429	19	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10525	429	21	science	science	NOUN
easat-10525	429	22	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-10525	429	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	429	24	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	429	25	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	429	26	6	6	NUM
easat-10525	429	27	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10525	429	29	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	429	30	2	2	NUM
easat-10525	429	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	429	32	pp	pp	ADJ
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easat-10525	429	34	2024018	2024018	NUM
easat-10525	429	35	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	429	36	2024018	2024018	NUM
easat-10525	429	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	429	38	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10525	429	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	1	https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024018	https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024018	NOUN
easat-10525	430	2	[	[	X
easat-10525	430	3	34	34	NUM
easat-10525	430	4	]	]	X
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easat-10525	430	8	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-10525	430	9	sale	sale	PROPN
easat-10525	430	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	11	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10525	430	12	shinde	shinde	PROPN
easat-10525	430	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	14	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-10525	430	15	kathole	kathole	PROPN
easat-10525	430	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10525	430	18	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-10525	430	19	somkunwar	somkunwar	PROPN
easat-10525	430	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	22	a	a	DET
easat-10525	430	23	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-10525	430	24	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10525	430	25	for	for	ADP
easat-10525	430	26	facial	facial	ADJ
easat-10525	430	27	emotion	emotion	NOUN
easat-10525	430	28	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-10525	430	29	using	use	VERB
easat-10525	430	30	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-10525	430	31	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10525	430	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	34	international	international	ADJ
easat-10525	430	35	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-10525	430	36	of	of	ADP
easat-10525	430	37	performability	performability	NOUN
easat-10525	430	38	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10525	430	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	40	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10525	430	41	.	.	PROPN
easat-10525	430	42	20	20	NUM
easat-10525	430	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	44	no	no	INTJ
easat-10525	430	45	.	.	NOUN
easat-10525	430	46	8	8	NUM
easat-10525	430	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	430	48	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10525	430	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	431	1	487	487	NUM
easat-10525	431	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10525	431	3	497	497	NUM
easat-10525	431	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10525	431	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10525	431	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10525	432	1	https://doi.org/10.23940/ijpe.24.08.p3.487497	https://doi.org/10.23940/ijpe.24.08.p3.487497	NOUN
easat-10525	432	2	https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15415	https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15415	PROPN
easat-10525	432	3	https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1237/3/032020	https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1237/3/032020	NOUN
easat-10525	432	4	https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024018	https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024018	NOUN
easat-10525	432	5	https://doi.org/10.23940/ijpe.24.08.p3.487497	https://doi.org/10.23940/ijpe.24.08.p3.487497	VERB