id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-10654	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	2	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	2	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	2	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-10654	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10654	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-10654	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	2	17	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	2	18	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	2	19	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	2	20	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	2	21	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	2	22	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	2	23	the	the	DET
easat-10654	2	24	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	2	25	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	2	26	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	2	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	2	28	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10654	3	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-10654	3	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10654	3	10	history	history	NOUN
easat-10654	3	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	3	12	received	receive	VERB
easat-10654	3	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	3	14	29	29	NUM
easat-10654	3	15	july	july	NOUN
easat-10654	3	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	3	17	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	3	18	revised	revise	VERB
easat-10654	3	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	3	20	15	15	NUM
easat-10654	3	21	september	september	PROPN
easat-10654	3	22	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	3	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	3	24	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-10654	3	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	3	26	19	19	NUM
easat-10654	3	27	september	september	PROPN
easat-10654	3	28	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	3	29	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	3	30	published	publish	VERB
easat-10654	3	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	4	1	22	22	NUM
easat-10654	4	2	october	october	NOUN
easat-10654	4	3	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	4	4	*	*	PUNCT
easat-10654	4	5	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-10654	4	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	4	7	sirirat.pe@kmitl.ac.th	sirirat.pe@kmitl.ac.th	NOUN
easat-10654	4	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	4	9	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-10654	4	10	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	4	11	a	a	DET
easat-10654	4	12	scaffolded	scaffolded	ADJ
easat-10654	4	13	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	4	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	4	15	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	4	16	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	4	17	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	4	18	to	to	PART
easat-10654	4	19	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	4	20	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	4	21	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	4	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	4	23	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	4	24	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	4	25	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	4	26	a	a	DET
easat-10654	4	27	thai	thai	ADJ
easat-10654	4	28	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	4	29	education	education	PROPN
easat-10654	4	30	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	4	31	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	4	32	course	course	NOUN
easat-10654	4	33	kridsada	kridsada	PROPN
easat-10654	4	34	budsara1	budsara1	PROPN
easat-10654	4	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	4	36	sirirat	sirirat	VERB
easat-10654	4	37	petsangsri2	petsangsri2	NOUN
easat-10654	4	38	*	*	PUNCT
easat-10654	4	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	4	40	thanin	thanin	ADJ
easat-10654	4	41	ratanaolarn3	ratanaolarn3	X
easat-10654	5	1	1,2,3school	1,2,3school	NUM
easat-10654	5	2	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	5	3	industrial	industrial	ADJ
easat-10654	5	4	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	5	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	5	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	5	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	5	8	king	king	PROPN
easat-10654	5	9	mongkut	mongkut	PROPN
easat-10654	5	10	’s	’s	PROPN
easat-10654	5	11	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-10654	5	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	5	13	technology	technology	PROPN
easat-10654	5	14	ladkrabang	ladkrabang	PROPN
easat-10654	5	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	5	16	kmitl	kmitl	PROPN
easat-10654	5	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	5	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	5	19	bangkok	bangkok	PROPN
easat-10654	5	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	5	21	10520	10520	NUM
easat-10654	5	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	5	23	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-10654	5	24	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	5	25	kridsada.bu@kmitl.ac.th	kridsada.bu@kmitl.ac.th	PROPN
easat-10654	5	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	5	27	k.b	k.b	PROPN
easat-10654	5	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	5	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	6	1	sirirat.pe@kmitl.ac.th	sirirat.pe@kmitl.ac.th	NOUN
easat-10654	6	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	6	3	s.p	s.p	PROPN
easat-10654	6	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	6	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	7	1	thanin.ra@kmitl.ac.th	thanin.ra@kmitl.ac.th	NOUN
easat-10654	7	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	7	3	t.r	t.r	PROPN
easat-10654	7	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	7	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	8	1	abstract	abstract	NOUN
easat-10654	8	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	8	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	8	4	global	global	ADJ
easat-10654	8	5	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10654	8	6	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	8	7	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-10654	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	8	9	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-10654	8	10	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	8	11	roles	role	NOUN
easat-10654	8	12	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	8	13	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	8	14	data	data	NOUN
easat-10654	8	15	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10654	8	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	8	17	system	system	NOUN
easat-10654	8	18	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10654	8	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	8	20	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-10654	8	21	the	the	DET
easat-10654	8	22	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-10654	8	23	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	8	24	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-10654	8	25	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-10654	8	26	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	8	27	foundational	foundational	ADJ
easat-10654	8	28	courses	course	NOUN
easat-10654	8	29	like	like	ADP
easat-10654	8	30	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	8	31	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	8	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	9	1	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	9	2	often	often	ADV
easat-10654	9	3	encounter	encounter	VERB
easat-10654	9	4	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-10654	9	5	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	9	6	the	the	DET
easat-10654	9	7	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	9	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	9	9	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	9	10	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	9	11	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	9	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	9	13	hots	hot	NOUN
easat-10654	9	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	9	15	required	require	VERB
easat-10654	9	16	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	9	17	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	9	18	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	9	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	9	20	sql	sql	NOUN
easat-10654	9	21	programming	programming	NOUN
easat-10654	9	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	10	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-10654	10	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	10	3	this	this	DET
easat-10654	10	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	10	5	developed	develop	VERB
easat-10654	10	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	10	7	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
easat-10654	10	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	10	9	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-10654	10	10	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	10	11	a	a	DET
easat-10654	10	12	scaffolded	scaffolded	ADJ
easat-10654	10	13	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	10	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	10	15	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	10	16	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	10	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	10	18	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	10	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	10	20	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	10	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	10	22	termed	term	VERB
easat-10654	10	23	the	the	DET
easat-10654	10	24	‘	'	PUNCT
easat-10654	10	25	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	10	26	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	10	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	10	28	’	'	PUNCT
easat-10654	10	29	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-10654	10	30	at	at	ADP
easat-10654	10	31	improving	improve	VERB
easat-10654	10	32	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	10	33	'	'	PART
easat-10654	10	34	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	10	35	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	10	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	10	37	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	10	38	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	10	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	11	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	11	2	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	11	3	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	11	4	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	11	5	constructed	construct	VERB
easat-10654	11	6	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	11	7	a	a	DET
easat-10654	11	8	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
easat-10654	11	9	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	11	10	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	11	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	11	12	scaffolding	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	11	13	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-10654	11	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	11	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	11	16	prior	prior	ADJ
easat-10654	11	17	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	11	18	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	11	19	student	student	NOUN
easat-10654	11	20	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-10654	11	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	12	2	comprises	comprise	VERB
easat-10654	12	3	four	four	NUM
easat-10654	12	4	core	core	NOUN
easat-10654	12	5	components	component	NOUN
easat-10654	12	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	8	k	k	X
easat-10654	12	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	12	11	base	base	NOUN
easat-10654	12	12	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	12	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	15	r	r	NOUN
easat-10654	12	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	17	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-10654	12	18	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	12	19	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	12	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	12	21	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-10654	12	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	24	i	i	NOUN
easat-10654	12	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	26	interconnectedness	interconnectedness	NOUN
easat-10654	12	27	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	12	28	team	team	NOUN
easat-10654	12	29	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-10654	12	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	12	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	33	s	s	NOUN
easat-10654	12	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	12	35	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	12	36	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	12	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	13	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	13	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	13	3	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	13	4	validated	validate	VERB
easat-10654	13	5	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	13	6	a	a	DET
easat-10654	13	7	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-10654	13	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	13	9	seven	seven	NUM
easat-10654	13	10	experts	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	13	11	specializing	specialize	VERB
easat-10654	13	12	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	13	13	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	13	14	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	13	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	13	16	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	13	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	13	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	13	19	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-10654	13	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	14	1	a	a	DET
easat-10654	14	2	quasi	quasi	ADJ
easat-10654	14	3	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	14	4	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	14	5	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	14	6	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	14	7	employed	employ	VERB
easat-10654	14	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	14	9	comparing	compare	VERB
easat-10654	14	10	an	an	DET
easat-10654	14	11	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	14	12	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	14	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	14	14	n=60	n=60	NOUN
easat-10654	14	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	14	16	taught	teach	VERB
easat-10654	14	17	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	14	18	the	the	DET
easat-10654	14	19	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	14	20	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	14	21	against	against	ADP
easat-10654	14	22	a	a	DET
easat-10654	14	23	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	14	24	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	14	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	14	26	n=59	n=59	X
easat-10654	14	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	14	28	taught	teach	VERB
easat-10654	14	29	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	14	30	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	14	31	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	14	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	15	1	expert	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	15	2	validation	validation	PROPN
easat-10654	15	3	confirmed	confirm	VERB
easat-10654	15	4	the	the	DET
easat-10654	15	5	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	15	6	's	's	PART
easat-10654	15	7	high	high	ADJ
easat-10654	15	8	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-10654	15	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	15	10	suitability	suitability	NOUN
easat-10654	15	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	16	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	16	2	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	16	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-10654	16	4	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-10654	16	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	16	6	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	16	7	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	16	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	16	9	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	16	10	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	16	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	16	12	who	who	PRON
easat-10654	16	13	learned	learn	VERB
easat-10654	16	14	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	16	15	the	the	DET
easat-10654	16	16	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	16	17	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	16	18	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	16	19	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	16	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	16	21	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-10654	16	22	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-10654	16	23	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	16	24	scores	score	NOUN
easat-10654	16	25	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	16	26	both	both	PRON
easat-10654	16	27	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	16	28	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	16	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	16	30	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	16	31	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	16	32	than	than	ADP
easat-10654	16	33	those	those	PRON
easat-10654	16	34	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	16	35	the	the	DET
easat-10654	16	36	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	16	37	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	16	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	17	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	17	2	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	17	3	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	17	4	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	17	5	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	17	6	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	17	7	an	an	DET
easat-10654	17	8	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-10654	17	9	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	17	10	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-10654	17	11	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	17	12	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	17	13	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	17	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	17	15	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	17	16	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	17	17	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10654	17	18	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	17	19	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	17	20	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	17	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	18	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	18	2	offers	offer	VERB
easat-10654	18	3	a	a	DET
easat-10654	18	4	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-10654	18	5	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	18	6	to	to	PART
easat-10654	18	7	support	support	VERB
easat-10654	18	8	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	18	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	18	10	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-10654	18	11	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	18	12	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	18	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	18	14	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10654	18	15	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	18	16	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10654	18	17	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	18	18	the	the	DET
easat-10654	18	19	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-10654	18	20	ict	ict	NOUN
easat-10654	18	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	18	22	information	information	NOUN
easat-10654	18	23	communications	communication	NOUN
easat-10654	18	24	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	18	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	18	26	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-10654	18	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	19	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-10654	19	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	19	3	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	19	4	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	19	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	19	6	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	19	7	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	19	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	19	9	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	19	10	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	19	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	19	12	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	19	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	19	14	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	19	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	19	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	19	17	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	19	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	19	19	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	19	20	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	19	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	20	1	1	1	X
easat-10654	20	2	.	.	X
easat-10654	20	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-10654	20	4	the	the	DET
easat-10654	20	5	global	global	ADJ
easat-10654	20	6	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10654	20	7	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-10654	20	8	faces	face	VERB
easat-10654	20	9	a	a	DET
easat-10654	20	10	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-10654	20	11	shortage	shortage	NOUN
easat-10654	20	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	20	13	skilled	skilled	ADJ
easat-10654	20	14	personnel	personnel	NOUN
easat-10654	20	15	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	20	16	key	key	ADJ
easat-10654	20	17	roles	role	NOUN
easat-10654	20	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	20	19	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	20	20	software	software	NOUN
easat-10654	20	21	developer	developer	NOUN
easat-10654	20	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	20	23	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10654	20	24	engineer	engineer	NOUN
easat-10654	20	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	20	26	system	system	NOUN
easat-10654	20	27	analyst	analyst	NOUN
easat-10654	20	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	20	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	20	30	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-10654	20	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	20	32	ml	ml	ADV
easat-10654	20	33	engineer	engineer	NOUN
easat-10654	20	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	20	35	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-10654	20	36	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-10654	20	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	20	38	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-10654	20	39	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	20	40	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	21	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	21	2	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	21	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	21	4	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	21	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	21	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	22	1	these	these	DET
easat-10654	22	2	professions	profession	NOUN
easat-10654	22	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	22	4	outlined	outline	VERB
easat-10654	22	5	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	22	6	international	international	ADJ
easat-10654	22	7	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	22	8	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	22	9	like	like	ADP
easat-10654	22	10	sfia	sfia	NOUN
easat-10654	22	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	22	12	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	22	13	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	22	14	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	22	15	the	the	DET
easat-10654	22	16	information	information	NOUN
easat-10654	22	17	age	age	NOUN
easat-10654	22	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	22	19	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	22	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	22	21	require	require	VERB
easat-10654	22	22	a	a	DET
easat-10654	22	23	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-10654	22	24	foundation	foundation	NOUN
easat-10654	22	25	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	22	26	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10654	22	27	management	management	NOUN
easat-10654	22	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	22	29	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	22	30	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	22	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	22	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	22	33	software	software	NOUN
easat-10654	22	34	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10654	22	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	23	1	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	23	2	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	23	3	are	be	AUX
easat-10654	23	4	a	a	DET
easat-10654	23	5	cornerstone	cornerstone	NOUN
easat-10654	23	6	course	course	NOUN
easat-10654	23	7	underpinning	underpin	VERB
easat-10654	23	8	these	these	DET
easat-10654	23	9	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-10654	23	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	23	11	providing	provide	VERB
easat-10654	23	12	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10654	23	13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	23	14	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	23	15	navigating	navigate	VERB
easat-10654	23	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	23	17	system	system	NOUN
easat-10654	23	18	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	23	19	life	life	NOUN
easat-10654	23	20	cycle	cycle	NOUN
easat-10654	23	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	23	22	sdlc	sdlc	PROPN
easat-10654	23	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	24	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	24	2	3	3	NUM
easat-10654	24	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	24	4	4	4	NUM
easat-10654	24	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	24	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	25	1	mastery	mastery	NOUN
easat-10654	25	2	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	25	3	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-10654	25	4	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	25	5	within	within	ADP
easat-10654	25	6	this	this	DET
easat-10654	25	7	course	course	NOUN
easat-10654	25	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	25	9	namely	namely	ADV
easat-10654	25	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	25	11	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	25	12	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	25	13	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	25	14	entity	entity	NOUN
easat-10654	25	15	/	/	SYM
easat-10654	25	16	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-10654	25	17	diagrams	diagram	NOUN
easat-10654	25	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	25	19	e	e	NOUN
easat-10654	25	20	/	/	SYM
easat-10654	25	21	r	r	NOUN
easat-10654	25	22	diagrams	diagram	NOUN
easat-10654	25	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	26	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	26	2	5	5	NUM
easat-10654	26	3	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	26	4	7	7	NUM
easat-10654	26	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	26	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	26	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10654	26	8	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-10654	26	9	via	via	ADP
easat-10654	26	10	sql	sql	NOUN
easat-10654	26	11	programming	programming	NOUN
easat-10654	26	12	[	[	X
easat-10654	26	13	6	6	NUM
easat-10654	26	14	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	26	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	26	16	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	26	17	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10654	26	18	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	26	19	success	success	NOUN
easat-10654	26	20	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	26	21	fields	field	NOUN
easat-10654	26	22	like	like	ADP
easat-10654	26	23	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10654	26	24	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10654	26	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	26	26	business	business	NOUN
easat-10654	26	27	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-10654	27	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	27	2	8	8	NUM
easat-10654	27	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	27	4	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	27	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	27	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	28	1	a	a	DET
easat-10654	28	2	key	key	ADJ
easat-10654	28	3	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-10654	28	4	remains	remain	VERB
easat-10654	28	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	28	6	however	however	ADV
easat-10654	28	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	29	1	a	a	DET
easat-10654	29	2	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-10654	29	3	reason	reason	NOUN
easat-10654	29	4	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	29	5	this	this	DET
easat-10654	29	6	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	29	7	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-10654	29	8	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	29	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	29	10	uneven	uneven	ADJ
easat-10654	29	11	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	29	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	29	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	29	14	'	'	PART
easat-10654	29	15	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	29	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	29	17	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	29	18	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	29	19	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	29	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	29	21	hots	hot	NOUN
easat-10654	29	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	29	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	29	24	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	29	25	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	29	26	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-10654	29	27	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	29	28	the	the	DET
easat-10654	29	29	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10654	29	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	29	31	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-10654	29	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	29	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	29	34	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-10654	29	35	levels	level	NOUN
easat-10654	29	36	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	29	37	the	the	DET
easat-10654	29	38	revised	revise	VERB
easat-10654	29	39	bloom	bloom	NOUN
easat-10654	29	40	's	's	PART
easat-10654	29	41	taxonomy	taxonomy	NOUN
easat-10654	29	42	[	[	X
easat-10654	29	43	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	29	44	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	29	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	30	1	these	these	DET
easat-10654	30	2	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	30	3	levels	level	NOUN
easat-10654	30	4	are	be	AUX
easat-10654	30	5	required	require	VERB
easat-10654	30	6	to	to	PART
easat-10654	30	7	apply	apply	VERB
easat-10654	30	8	https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8393-2491	https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8393-2491	NOUN
easat-10654	30	9	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-1740	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-1740	PROPN
easat-10654	30	10	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1612-4852	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1612-4852	PROPN
easat-10654	30	11	1259	1259	NUM
easat-10654	30	12	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	30	13	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	30	14	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	30	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	30	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	30	17	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	30	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	30	19	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	30	20	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	30	21	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	30	22	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	30	23	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	31	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	31	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	31	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	31	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	31	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	31	6	:	:	SYM
easat-10654	31	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	31	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	31	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	31	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	31	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	31	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10654	31	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	31	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	31	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	31	16	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	31	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	31	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	31	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	31	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	31	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	31	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	32	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	32	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	32	3	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10654	32	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	32	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	32	6	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	32	7	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	32	8	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-10654	32	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	32	10	real	real	ADJ
easat-10654	32	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	32	12	world	world	NOUN
easat-10654	32	13	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	32	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	32	15	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	32	16	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	32	17	designing	design	VERB
easat-10654	32	18	a	a	DET
easat-10654	32	19	normalized	normalize	VERB
easat-10654	32	20	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	32	21	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	32	22	a	a	DET
easat-10654	32	23	set	set	NOUN
easat-10654	32	24	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	32	25	user	user	NOUN
easat-10654	32	26	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-10654	32	27	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10654	32	28	writing	write	VERB
easat-10654	32	29	a	a	DET
easat-10654	32	30	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-10654	32	31	sql	sql	NOUN
easat-10654	32	32	query	query	NOUN
easat-10654	32	33	to	to	PART
easat-10654	32	34	answer	answer	VERB
easat-10654	32	35	a	a	DET
easat-10654	32	36	real	real	ADJ
easat-10654	32	37	business	business	NOUN
easat-10654	32	38	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	32	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	33	1	passive	passive	ADJ
easat-10654	33	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	33	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	33	4	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	33	5	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	33	6	often	often	ADV
easat-10654	33	7	fail	fail	VERB
easat-10654	33	8	to	to	PART
easat-10654	33	9	develop	develop	VERB
easat-10654	33	10	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	33	11	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-10654	33	12	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	33	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	33	14	resulting	result	VERB
easat-10654	33	15	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	33	16	shallow	shallow	ADJ
easat-10654	33	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	33	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	33	19	the	the	DET
easat-10654	33	20	inability	inability	NOUN
easat-10654	33	21	to	to	PART
easat-10654	33	22	apply	apply	VERB
easat-10654	33	23	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	33	24	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	33	25	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10654	33	26	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-10654	33	27	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10654	33	28	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-10654	33	29	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-10654	33	30	[	[	X
easat-10654	33	31	11	11	NUM
easat-10654	33	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	33	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	34	1	a	a	DET
easat-10654	34	2	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
easat-10654	34	3	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-10654	34	4	toward	toward	ADP
easat-10654	34	5	engaging	engaging	ADJ
easat-10654	34	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	34	7	student	student	NOUN
easat-10654	34	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	34	9	centered	center	VERB
easat-10654	34	10	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-10654	34	11	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	34	12	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-10654	34	13	to	to	PART
easat-10654	34	14	address	address	VERB
easat-10654	34	15	this	this	DET
easat-10654	34	16	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	34	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	35	1	one	one	NUM
easat-10654	35	2	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	35	3	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-10654	35	4	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	35	5	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	35	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	35	7	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	35	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	35	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	35	10	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	35	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	35	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	35	13	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	35	14	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	35	15	rooted	root	VERB
easat-10654	35	16	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	35	17	constructivist	constructivist	ADJ
easat-10654	35	18	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-10654	35	19	[	[	X
easat-10654	35	20	12	12	NUM
easat-10654	35	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	35	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	36	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	36	2	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	36	3	intended	intend	VERB
easat-10654	36	4	to	to	PART
easat-10654	36	5	engage	engage	VERB
easat-10654	36	6	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	36	7	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	36	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	36	9	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	36	10	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-10654	36	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	36	12	contextualized	contextualized	ADJ
easat-10654	36	13	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	36	14	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-10654	36	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	36	16	work	work	VERB
easat-10654	36	17	collaboratively	collaboratively	ADV
easat-10654	36	18	to	to	PART
easat-10654	36	19	construct	construct	VERB
easat-10654	36	20	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	36	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	36	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	36	23	promote	promote	VERB
easat-10654	36	24	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	36	25	'	'	PART
easat-10654	36	26	problemsolving	problemsolving	NOUN
easat-10654	36	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	36	28	lifelong	lifelong	ADJ
easat-10654	36	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	36	30	capacities	capacity	NOUN
easat-10654	36	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	36	32	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	36	33	include	include	VERB
easat-10654	36	34	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-10654	36	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	36	36	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	36	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	36	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	36	39	long	long	ADJ
easat-10654	36	40	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	36	41	term	term	NOUN
easat-10654	36	42	memory	memory	NOUN
easat-10654	36	43	retention	retention	NOUN
easat-10654	37	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	37	2	13	13	NUM
easat-10654	37	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	37	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	38	1	however	however	ADV
easat-10654	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	38	3	a	a	DET
easat-10654	38	4	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10654	38	5	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-10654	38	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	38	7	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	38	8	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	38	9	often	often	ADV
easat-10654	38	10	nontrivial	nontrivial	ADJ
easat-10654	38	11	because	because	SCONJ
easat-10654	38	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	38	13	the	the	DET
easat-10654	38	14	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	38	15	'	'	PART
easat-10654	38	16	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-10654	38	17	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	38	18	prerequisite	prerequisite	ADJ
easat-10654	38	19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	38	20	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10654	38	21	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	38	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	38	23	directed	direct	VERB
easat-10654	38	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	38	25	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	38	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	39	1	scaffolding	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	39	3	rooted	root	VERB
easat-10654	39	4	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	39	5	vygotsky	vygotsky	NOUN
easat-10654	39	6	's	's	PART
easat-10654	39	7	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-10654	39	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	39	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	39	10	zone	zone	NOUN
easat-10654	39	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	39	12	proximal	proximal	ADJ
easat-10654	39	13	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	39	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	39	15	zpd	zpd	NOUN
easat-10654	39	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	40	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	40	2	14	14	NUM
easat-10654	40	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	40	4	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10654	40	5	temporary	temporary	ADJ
easat-10654	40	6	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	40	7	that	that	PRON
easat-10654	40	8	helps	help	VERB
easat-10654	40	9	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	40	10	accomplish	accomplish	VERB
easat-10654	40	11	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-10654	40	12	they	they	PRON
easat-10654	40	13	could	could	AUX
easat-10654	40	14	not	not	PART
easat-10654	40	15	complete	complete	VERB
easat-10654	40	16	independently	independently	ADV
easat-10654	40	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	41	1	these	these	DET
easat-10654	41	2	supports	support	NOUN
easat-10654	41	3	are	be	AUX
easat-10654	41	4	gradually	gradually	ADV
easat-10654	41	5	removed	remove	VERB
easat-10654	41	6	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	41	7	the	the	DET
easat-10654	41	8	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	41	9	's	's	PART
easat-10654	41	10	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-10654	41	11	increases	increase	VERB
easat-10654	41	12	[	[	X
easat-10654	41	13	15	15	NUM
easat-10654	41	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	41	15	16	16	NUM
easat-10654	41	16	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	41	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	42	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	42	2	following	follow	VERB
easat-10654	42	3	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	42	4	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-10654	42	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	42	6	ros	ros	PROPN
easat-10654	42	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	42	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	42	9	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	42	10	questions	question	NOUN
easat-10654	42	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	42	12	rqs	rqs	PROPN
easat-10654	42	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	42	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	42	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	42	16	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	42	17	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-10654	42	18	guide	guide	VERB
easat-10654	42	19	this	this	DET
easat-10654	42	20	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	42	21	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	42	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	42	23	ro1	ro1	NOUN
easat-10654	42	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	42	25	to	to	PART
easat-10654	42	26	study	study	VERB
easat-10654	42	27	the	the	DET
easat-10654	42	28	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-10654	42	29	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	42	30	a	a	DET
easat-10654	42	31	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	42	32	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	42	33	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	42	34	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	42	35	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	42	36	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	42	37	'	'	PART
easat-10654	42	38	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	42	39	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	42	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	42	41	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	42	42	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	43	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	43	2	17	17	NUM
easat-10654	43	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	43	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	44	1	ro2	ro2	NOUN
easat-10654	44	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	44	3	to	to	PART
easat-10654	44	4	compare	compare	VERB
easat-10654	44	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	44	6	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	44	7	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	44	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	44	9	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	44	10	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	44	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	44	12	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	44	13	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	44	14	the	the	DET
easat-10654	44	15	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	44	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	44	17	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	44	18	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10654	44	19	after	after	ADP
easat-10654	44	20	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	44	21	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	44	22	the	the	DET
easat-10654	44	23	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	44	24	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	44	25	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	44	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	45	1	rq1	rq1	NOUN
easat-10654	45	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	45	3	how	how	SCONJ
easat-10654	45	4	does	do	AUX
easat-10654	45	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	45	6	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	45	7	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	45	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	45	9	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	45	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	45	11	improve	improve	VERB
easat-10654	45	12	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	45	13	’	'	PUNCT
easat-10654	45	14	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	45	15	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	45	16	when	when	SCONJ
easat-10654	45	17	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	45	18	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	45	19	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	45	20	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	45	21	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	45	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	45	23	sql	sql	NOUN
easat-10654	45	24	programming	programming	NOUN
easat-10654	45	25	?	?	PUNCT
easat-10654	46	1	rq2	rq2	NOUN
easat-10654	46	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	46	3	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	46	4	what	what	DET
easat-10654	46	5	degree	degree	NOUN
easat-10654	46	6	does	do	AUX
easat-10654	46	7	the	the	DET
easat-10654	46	8	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	46	9	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	46	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	46	11	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	46	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	46	13	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	46	14	enhance	enhance	PROPN
easat-10654	46	15	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	46	16	'	'	PART
easat-10654	46	17	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	46	18	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	46	19	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	46	20	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	46	21	compared	compare	VERB
easat-10654	46	22	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	46	23	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	46	24	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-10654	46	25	?	?	PUNCT
easat-10654	47	1	rq3	rq3	NOUN
easat-10654	47	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	47	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	47	4	there	there	PRON
easat-10654	47	5	a	a	DET
easat-10654	47	6	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-10654	47	7	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10654	47	8	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-10654	47	9	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	47	10	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	47	11	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	47	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	47	13	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	47	14	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	47	15	between	between	ADP
easat-10654	47	16	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	47	17	taught	teach	VERB
easat-10654	47	18	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	47	19	the	the	DET
easat-10654	47	20	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	47	21	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	47	22	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	47	23	instead	instead	ADV
easat-10654	47	24	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	47	25	the	the	DET
easat-10654	47	26	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	47	27	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	47	28	?	?	PUNCT
easat-10654	48	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	48	2	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-10654	48	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	49	1	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	49	2	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	49	3	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	49	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	49	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	49	6	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	49	7	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	49	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	49	9	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	49	10	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	49	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	49	12	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	49	13	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	49	14	the	the	DET
easat-10654	49	15	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	49	16	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	49	17	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	49	18	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	49	19	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	49	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	49	21	will	will	AUX
easat-10654	49	22	be	be	AUX
easat-10654	49	23	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-10654	49	24	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	49	25	than	than	ADP
easat-10654	49	26	those	those	PRON
easat-10654	49	27	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	49	28	the	the	DET
easat-10654	49	29	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	49	30	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	49	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	49	32	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	49	33	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	49	34	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-10654	49	35	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	49	36	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	49	37	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	49	38	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	49	39	carried	carry	VERB
easat-10654	49	40	out	out	ADP
easat-10654	49	41	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	49	42	small	small	ADJ
easat-10654	49	43	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10654	49	44	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	49	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	50	1	h2	h2	NOUN
easat-10654	50	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	50	3	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	50	4	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	50	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	50	6	the	the	DET
easat-10654	50	7	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	50	8	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	50	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	50	10	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	50	11	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	50	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	50	13	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	50	14	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	50	15	the	the	DET
easat-10654	50	16	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	50	17	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	50	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	50	19	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	50	20	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	50	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	50	22	will	will	AUX
easat-10654	50	23	be	be	AUX
easat-10654	50	24	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-10654	50	25	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	50	26	than	than	ADP
easat-10654	50	27	that	that	PRON
easat-10654	50	28	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	50	29	the	the	DET
easat-10654	50	30	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	50	31	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	50	32	the	the	DET
easat-10654	50	33	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	50	34	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	50	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	50	36	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	50	37	which	which	DET
easat-10654	50	38	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-10654	50	39	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	50	40	carried	carry	VERB
easat-10654	50	41	out	out	ADP
easat-10654	50	42	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	50	43	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	50	44	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	50	45	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	50	46	whole	whole	ADJ
easat-10654	50	47	class	class	NOUN
easat-10654	50	48	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	50	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	51	1	2	2	X
easat-10654	51	2	.	.	X
easat-10654	51	3	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-10654	51	4	review	review	NOUN
easat-10654	51	5	this	this	DET
easat-10654	51	6	review	review	NOUN
easat-10654	51	7	establishes	establish	VERB
easat-10654	51	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	51	9	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-10654	51	10	foundation	foundation	NOUN
easat-10654	51	11	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	51	12	the	the	DET
easat-10654	51	13	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	51	14	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	51	15	examining	examine	VERB
easat-10654	51	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	51	17	core	core	NOUN
easat-10654	51	18	concepts	concept	NOUN
easat-10654	51	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	51	20	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	51	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	51	22	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	51	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	51	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	51	25	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	51	26	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-10654	51	27	into	into	ADP
easat-10654	51	28	the	the	DET
easat-10654	51	29	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-10654	51	30	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	51	31	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	51	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
easat-10654	52	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	3	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	52	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	5	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	52	6	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	52	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	8	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	52	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	10	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	52	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	12	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	52	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	52	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	15	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	52	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	17	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	52	18	a	a	DET
easat-10654	52	19	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	52	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	21	centered	center	VERB
easat-10654	52	22	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-10654	52	23	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	52	24	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	52	25	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	52	26	gain	gain	VERB
easat-10654	52	27	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	52	28	about	about	ADP
easat-10654	52	29	a	a	DET
easat-10654	52	30	subject	subject	NOUN
easat-10654	52	31	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	52	32	the	the	DET
easat-10654	52	33	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-10654	52	34	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	52	35	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	52	36	an	an	DET
easat-10654	52	37	open	open	ADV
easat-10654	52	38	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	39	ended	end	VERB
easat-10654	52	40	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	52	41	found	find	VERB
easat-10654	52	42	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	52	43	trigger	trigger	NOUN
easat-10654	52	44	material	material	NOUN
easat-10654	52	45	[	[	X
easat-10654	52	46	18	18	NUM
easat-10654	52	47	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	52	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	53	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	53	2	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	53	3	promotes	promote	VERB
easat-10654	53	4	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	53	5	'	'	PART
easat-10654	53	6	active	active	ADJ
easat-10654	53	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	53	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	53	9	constructing	construct	VERB
easat-10654	53	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	53	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	53	12	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	53	13	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-10654	53	14	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	53	15	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	53	16	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	53	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	53	18	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	53	19	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	53	20	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	53	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	53	22	hots	hot	NOUN
easat-10654	53	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	53	24	[	[	X
easat-10654	53	25	19	19	NUM
easat-10654	53	26	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	53	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	54	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	54	2	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	54	3	an	an	DET
easat-10654	54	4	active	active	ADJ
easat-10654	54	5	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	54	6	style	style	NOUN
easat-10654	54	7	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	54	8	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	54	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	54	10	constructivist	constructivist	ADJ
easat-10654	54	11	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-10654	54	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	54	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	54	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	55	1	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	55	2	helps	help	VERB
easat-10654	55	3	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	55	4	develop	develop	VERB
easat-10654	55	5	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	55	6	used	use	VERB
easat-10654	55	7	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	55	8	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	55	9	future	future	ADJ
easat-10654	55	10	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-10654	55	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	56	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	56	2	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	56	3	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-10654	56	4	appraisal	appraisal	NOUN
easat-10654	56	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	56	6	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-10654	56	7	retrieval	retrieval	NOUN
easat-10654	56	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	56	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	56	10	encourages	encourage	VERB
easat-10654	56	11	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-10654	56	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	56	13	within	within	ADP
easat-10654	56	14	a	a	DET
easat-10654	56	15	team	team	NOUN
easat-10654	56	16	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-10654	56	17	[	[	X
easat-10654	56	18	18	18	NUM
easat-10654	56	19	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	56	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	57	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	57	2	can	can	AUX
easat-10654	57	3	also	also	ADV
easat-10654	57	4	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
easat-10654	57	5	hots	hot	NOUN
easat-10654	57	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	57	7	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	57	8	helps	help	VERB
easat-10654	57	9	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	57	10	analyze	analyze	VERB
easat-10654	57	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	57	12	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-10654	57	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	57	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	57	15	create	create	VERB
easat-10654	57	16	[	[	X
easat-10654	57	17	20	20	NUM
easat-10654	57	18	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	57	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	58	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	58	2	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-10654	58	3	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-10654	58	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	58	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	58	6	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	58	7	also	also	ADV
easat-10654	58	8	reflects	reflect	VERB
easat-10654	58	9	vygotsky	vygotsky	PROPN
easat-10654	58	10	's	's	PART
easat-10654	58	11	social	social	ADJ
easat-10654	58	12	constructivist	constructivist	NOUN
easat-10654	58	13	view	view	NOUN
easat-10654	58	14	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	58	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	58	16	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	58	17	a	a	DET
easat-10654	58	18	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	58	19	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	58	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	58	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	58	22	construction	construction	NOUN
easat-10654	58	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	58	24	meaning	mean	VERB
easat-10654	58	25	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	58	26	meaning	meaning	NOUN
easat-10654	58	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	58	28	making	making	NOUN
easat-10654	58	29	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	58	30	never	never	ADV
easat-10654	58	31	a	a	DET
easat-10654	58	32	solitary	solitary	ADJ
easat-10654	58	33	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-10654	58	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	59	1	however	however	ADV
easat-10654	59	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	59	3	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	59	4	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	59	5	a	a	DET
easat-10654	59	6	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-10654	59	7	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	59	8	[	[	X
easat-10654	59	9	14	14	NUM
easat-10654	59	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	59	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	60	1	there	there	PRON
easat-10654	60	2	are	be	VERB
easat-10654	60	3	various	various	ADJ
easat-10654	60	4	ways	way	NOUN
easat-10654	60	5	to	to	PART
easat-10654	60	6	execute	execute	VERB
easat-10654	60	7	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	60	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	60	9	but	but	CCONJ
easat-10654	60	10	the	the	DET
easat-10654	60	11	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-10654	60	12	steps	step	NOUN
easat-10654	60	13	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	60	14	the	the	DET
easat-10654	60	15	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	60	16	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	60	17	are	be	AUX
easat-10654	60	18	often	often	ADV
easat-10654	60	19	structured	structure	VERB
easat-10654	60	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	61	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10654	61	2	seen	see	VERB
easat-10654	61	3	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	61	4	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	61	5	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	61	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	61	7	familiar	familiar	ADJ
easat-10654	61	8	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-10654	61	9	can	can	AUX
easat-10654	61	10	be	be	AUX
easat-10654	61	11	1260	1260	NUM
easat-10654	61	12	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	61	13	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	61	14	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	61	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	61	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	61	17	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	61	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	61	19	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	61	20	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	61	21	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	61	22	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	61	23	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	62	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	62	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	62	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	62	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	62	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	62	6	:	:	SYM
easat-10654	62	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	62	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	62	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	62	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	62	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	62	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10654	62	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	62	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	62	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	62	16	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	62	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	62	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	62	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	62	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	62	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	62	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	62	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	62	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	62	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10654	62	26	observed	observe	VERB
easat-10654	62	27	across	across	ADP
easat-10654	62	28	many	many	ADJ
easat-10654	62	29	models	model	NOUN
easat-10654	62	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	62	31	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	62	32	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	62	33	wood	wood	NOUN
easat-10654	62	34	[	[	X
easat-10654	62	35	18	18	NUM
easat-10654	62	36	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	62	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	62	38	moust	moust	PROPN
easat-10654	62	39	et	et	PROPN
easat-10654	62	40	al	al	PROPN
easat-10654	62	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	63	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	63	2	19	19	NUM
easat-10654	63	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	63	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	63	5	knowles	knowle	NOUN
easat-10654	63	6	[	[	X
easat-10654	63	7	21	21	NUM
easat-10654	63	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	63	9	22	22	NUM
easat-10654	63	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	63	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	64	1	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	64	2	most	most	ADJ
easat-10654	64	3	models	model	NOUN
easat-10654	64	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	64	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	64	6	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	64	7	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	64	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	64	9	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	64	10	begin	begin	VERB
easat-10654	64	11	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	64	12	exploring	explore	VERB
easat-10654	64	13	a	a	DET
easat-10654	64	14	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	64	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	64	16	progress	progress	VERB
easat-10654	64	17	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	64	18	a	a	DET
easat-10654	64	19	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	64	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	64	21	directed	direct	VERB
easat-10654	64	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	64	23	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	64	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	64	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	64	26	conclude	conclude	VERB
easat-10654	64	27	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	64	28	a	a	DET
easat-10654	64	29	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
easat-10654	64	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	64	31	reporting	reporting	NOUN
easat-10654	64	32	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	64	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	65	1	these	these	DET
easat-10654	65	2	steps	step	NOUN
easat-10654	65	3	are	be	AUX
easat-10654	65	4	designed	design	VERB
easat-10654	65	5	to	to	PART
easat-10654	65	6	move	move	VERB
easat-10654	65	7	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	65	8	toward	toward	ADP
easat-10654	65	9	synthesizing	synthesize	VERB
easat-10654	65	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	65	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	65	12	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-10654	65	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	65	14	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	65	15	develop	develop	VERB
easat-10654	65	16	a	a	DET
easat-10654	65	17	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-10654	65	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	65	19	flexible	flexible	ADJ
easat-10654	65	20	method	method	NOUN
easat-10654	65	21	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	65	22	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-10654	65	23	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-10654	65	24	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	65	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	65	26	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	65	27	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	65	28	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	65	29	many	many	ADJ
easat-10654	65	30	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-10654	65	31	areas	area	NOUN
easat-10654	65	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	65	33	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10654	65	34	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	65	35	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	65	36	several	several	ADJ
easat-10654	65	37	thai	thai	ADJ
easat-10654	65	38	studies	study	NOUN
easat-10654	65	39	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	65	40	recent	recent	ADJ
easat-10654	65	41	years	year	NOUN
easat-10654	66	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	66	2	23	23	NUM
easat-10654	66	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	66	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	67	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	67	2	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	67	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	68	1	a	a	DET
easat-10654	68	2	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-10654	68	3	overview	overview	NOUN
easat-10654	68	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	68	5	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	68	6	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	68	7	steps	step	NOUN
easat-10654	68	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	69	1	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	69	2	wood	wood	NOUN
easat-10654	69	3	[	[	X
easat-10654	69	4	18	18	NUM
easat-10654	69	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	69	6	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	69	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	69	8	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	69	9	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	69	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	69	11	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	69	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	69	13	moust	moust	PROPN
easat-10654	69	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	69	15	et	et	PROPN
easat-10654	69	16	al	al	PROPN
easat-10654	69	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	70	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	70	2	19	19	NUM
easat-10654	70	3	]	]	X
easat-10654	70	4	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	70	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	70	6	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	70	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	70	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	70	9	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	70	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	70	11	knowles	knowles	PROPN
easat-10654	71	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	71	2	21	21	NUM
easat-10654	71	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	71	4	22	22	NUM
easat-10654	71	5	]	]	X
easat-10654	71	6	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	71	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	71	8	directed	direct	VERB
easat-10654	71	9	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	71	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	71	11	sdl	sdl	NOUN
easat-10654	71	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	71	13	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	71	14	exploration	exploration	NOUN
easat-10654	71	15	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10654	71	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	71	17	clarify	clarify	VERB
easat-10654	71	18	unfamiliar	unfamiliar	ADJ
easat-10654	71	19	terms	term	NOUN
easat-10654	71	20	discuss	discuss	VERB
easat-10654	71	21	the	the	DET
easat-10654	71	22	case	case	NOUN
easat-10654	71	23	clarify	clarify	VERB
easat-10654	71	24	terms	term	NOUN
easat-10654	71	25	/	/	SYM
easat-10654	71	26	setting	set	VERB
easat-10654	71	27	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	71	28	definition	definition	NOUN
easat-10654	71	29	define	define	VERB
easat-10654	71	30	the	the	DET
easat-10654	71	31	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	71	32	identify	identify	VERB
easat-10654	71	33	the	the	DET
easat-10654	71	34	questions	question	NOUN
easat-10654	71	35	define	define	VERB
easat-10654	71	36	the	the	DET
easat-10654	71	37	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	71	38	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10654	71	39	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10654	71	40	ideation	ideation	NOUN
easat-10654	71	41	brainstorming	brainstorming	NOUN
easat-10654	71	42	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10654	71	43	arranging	arrange	VERB
easat-10654	71	44	explanations	explanation	NOUN
easat-10654	71	45	brainstorm	brainstorm	NOUN
easat-10654	71	46	analyze	analyze	VERB
easat-10654	71	47	the	the	DET
easat-10654	71	48	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	71	49	structuring	structure	VERB
easat-10654	71	50	formulate	formulate	ADJ
easat-10654	71	51	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	71	52	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-10654	71	53	analyze	analyze	VERB
easat-10654	71	54	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	71	55	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-10654	71	56	re	re	NOUN
easat-10654	71	57	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	71	58	structure	structure	VERB
easat-10654	71	59	the	the	DET
easat-10654	71	60	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	71	61	systematically	systematically	ADV
easat-10654	71	62	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	71	63	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-10654	71	64	formulate	formulate	ADJ
easat-10654	71	65	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	71	66	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-10654	71	67	formulate	formulate	ADJ
easat-10654	71	68	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	71	69	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-10654	71	70	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	71	71	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	71	72	directed	direct	VERB
easat-10654	71	73	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	71	74	private	private	ADJ
easat-10654	71	75	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	71	76	do	do	VERB
easat-10654	71	77	an	an	DET
easat-10654	71	78	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-10654	71	79	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	71	80	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	71	81	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	71	82	directed	direct	VERB
easat-10654	71	83	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	71	84	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
easat-10654	71	85	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10654	71	86	reporting	reporting	NOUN
easat-10654	71	87	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	71	88	shares	share	NOUN
easat-10654	71	89	results	result	NOUN
easat-10654	71	90	discuss	discuss	VERB
easat-10654	71	91	the	the	DET
easat-10654	71	92	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-10654	71	93	report	report	VERB
easat-10654	71	94	back	back	ADV
easat-10654	71	95	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10654	71	96	synthesize	synthesize	VERB
easat-10654	71	97	2.2	2.2	NUM
easat-10654	71	98	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	72	1	scaffolding	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	72	2	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	72	3	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-10654	72	4	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-10654	72	5	scaffolding	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	72	6	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	72	7	an	an	DET
easat-10654	72	8	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	72	9	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-10654	72	10	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	72	11	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	72	12	vygotsky	vygotsky	NOUN
easat-10654	72	13	's	's	PART
easat-10654	72	14	idea	idea	NOUN
easat-10654	72	15	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	72	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	72	17	zone	zone	NOUN
easat-10654	72	18	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	72	19	proximal	proximal	ADJ
easat-10654	72	20	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	72	21	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	72	22	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-10654	72	23	into	into	ADP
easat-10654	72	24	the	the	DET
easat-10654	72	25	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-10654	72	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	72	27	zpd	zpd	NOUN
easat-10654	72	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	72	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	73	1	vygotsky	vygotsky	PROPN
easat-10654	73	2	defined	define	VERB
easat-10654	73	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	73	4	zone	zone	NOUN
easat-10654	73	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	73	6	proximal	proximal	ADJ
easat-10654	73	7	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	73	8	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	73	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	73	10	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-10654	73	11	between	between	ADP
easat-10654	73	12	a	a	DET
easat-10654	73	13	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	73	14	's	's	PART
easat-10654	73	15	developmental	developmental	ADJ
easat-10654	73	16	level	level	NOUN
easat-10654	73	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	73	18	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10654	73	19	determined	determine	VERB
easat-10654	73	20	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	73	21	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-10654	73	22	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	73	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	73	24	solving	solving	NOUN
easat-10654	73	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	73	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	73	27	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	73	28	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-10654	73	29	level	level	NOUN
easat-10654	73	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	73	31	determined	determine	VERB
easat-10654	73	32	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	73	33	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	73	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	73	35	solving	solving	NOUN
easat-10654	73	36	under	under	ADP
easat-10654	73	37	a	a	DET
easat-10654	73	38	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-10654	73	39	's	's	PART
easat-10654	73	40	guidance	guidance	NOUN
easat-10654	73	41	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10654	73	42	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	73	43	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-10654	73	44	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	73	45	more	more	ADV
easat-10654	73	46	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-10654	73	47	peers	peer	NOUN
easat-10654	73	48	[	[	X
easat-10654	73	49	14	14	NUM
easat-10654	73	50	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	73	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	74	1	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	74	2	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10654	74	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	74	4	temporary	temporary	ADJ
easat-10654	74	5	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	74	6	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-10654	74	7	to	to	PART
easat-10654	74	8	assist	assist	VERB
easat-10654	74	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	74	10	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	74	11	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	74	12	accomplishing	accomplish	VERB
easat-10654	74	13	a	a	DET
easat-10654	74	14	task	task	NOUN
easat-10654	74	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10654	74	16	developing	develop	VERB
easat-10654	74	17	new	new	ADJ
easat-10654	74	18	understandings	understanding	NOUN
easat-10654	74	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	74	20	so	so	SCONJ
easat-10654	74	21	these	these	PRON
easat-10654	74	22	can	can	AUX
easat-10654	74	23	be	be	AUX
easat-10654	74	24	taken	take	VERB
easat-10654	74	25	away	away	ADV
easat-10654	74	26	over	over	ADP
easat-10654	74	27	time	time	NOUN
easat-10654	74	28	when	when	SCONJ
easat-10654	74	29	they	they	PRON
easat-10654	74	30	are	be	AUX
easat-10654	74	31	no	no	ADV
easat-10654	74	32	longer	long	ADV
easat-10654	74	33	needed	need	VERB
easat-10654	74	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	74	35	the	the	DET
easat-10654	74	36	gradual	gradual	ADJ
easat-10654	74	37	removal	removal	NOUN
easat-10654	74	38	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	74	39	these	these	DET
easat-10654	74	40	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-10654	74	41	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	74	42	called	call	VERB
easat-10654	74	43	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	74	44	fading	fade	VERB
easat-10654	74	45	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	74	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	74	47	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10654	74	48	the	the	DET
easat-10654	74	49	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	74	50	develops	develop	VERB
easat-10654	74	51	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-10654	74	52	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	74	53	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-10654	74	54	[	[	X
easat-10654	74	55	15	15	NUM
easat-10654	74	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	74	57	16	16	NUM
easat-10654	74	58	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	74	59	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	75	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	75	2	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10654	75	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	75	4	help	help	NOUN
easat-10654	75	5	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-10654	75	6	to	to	PART
easat-10654	75	7	make	make	VERB
easat-10654	75	8	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	75	9	who	who	PRON
easat-10654	75	10	do	do	AUX
easat-10654	75	11	not	not	PART
easat-10654	75	12	have	have	VERB
easat-10654	75	13	the	the	DET
easat-10654	75	14	required	require	VERB
easat-10654	75	15	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	75	16	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10654	75	17	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	75	18	to	to	PART
easat-10654	75	19	deal	deal	VERB
easat-10654	75	20	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	75	21	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-10654	75	22	materials	material	NOUN
easat-10654	75	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	75	24	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	75	25	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	75	26	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	75	27	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	75	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	75	29	sql	sql	NOUN
easat-10654	75	30	programming	programming	NOUN
easat-10654	75	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	76	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	76	2	purpose	purpose	NOUN
easat-10654	76	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	76	4	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	76	5	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	76	6	not	not	PART
easat-10654	76	7	to	to	PART
easat-10654	76	8	solve	solve	VERB
easat-10654	76	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	76	10	task	task	NOUN
easat-10654	76	11	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	76	12	the	the	DET
easat-10654	76	13	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	76	14	but	but	CCONJ
easat-10654	76	15	to	to	PART
easat-10654	76	16	give	give	VERB
easat-10654	76	17	guidance	guidance	NOUN
easat-10654	76	18	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	76	19	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	76	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	76	21	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	76	22	will	will	AUX
easat-10654	76	23	know	know	VERB
easat-10654	76	24	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-10654	76	25	that	that	PRON
easat-10654	76	26	will	will	AUX
easat-10654	76	27	later	later	ADV
easat-10654	76	28	help	help	VERB
easat-10654	76	29	them	they	PRON
easat-10654	76	30	tackle	tackle	VERB
easat-10654	76	31	the	the	DET
easat-10654	76	32	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-10654	76	33	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	76	34	the	the	DET
easat-10654	76	35	materials	material	NOUN
easat-10654	76	36	alone	alone	ADV
easat-10654	76	37	[	[	X
easat-10654	76	38	24	24	NUM
easat-10654	76	39	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	76	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	77	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	77	2	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	77	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	77	4	core	core	NOUN
easat-10654	77	5	elements	element	NOUN
easat-10654	77	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	77	7	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	77	8	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	77	9	across	across	ADP
easat-10654	77	10	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-10654	77	11	models	model	NOUN
easat-10654	77	12	scaffolding	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	77	13	function	function	NOUN
easat-10654	77	14	wood	wood	NOUN
easat-10654	77	15	et	et	PROPN
easat-10654	77	16	al	al	PROPN
easat-10654	77	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	78	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	78	2	25	25	NUM
easat-10654	78	3	]	]	X
easat-10654	78	4	van	van	PROPN
easat-10654	78	5	de	de	PROPN
easat-10654	78	6	pol	pol	PROPN
easat-10654	78	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-10654	78	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-10654	78	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	79	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	79	2	16	16	NUM
easat-10654	79	3	]	]	X
easat-10654	79	4	mckenzie	mckenzie	NOUN
easat-10654	80	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	80	2	26	26	NUM
easat-10654	80	3	]	]	X
easat-10654	80	4	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-10654	80	5	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10654	80	6	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-10654	80	7	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
easat-10654	80	8	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-10654	80	9	provide	provide	VERB
easat-10654	80	10	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-10654	80	11	directions	direction	NOUN
easat-10654	80	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	80	13	clarify	clarify	VERB
easat-10654	80	14	purpose	purpose	NOUN
easat-10654	80	15	task	task	NOUN
easat-10654	80	16	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	80	17	reduction	reduction	NOUN
easat-10654	80	18	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	80	19	degrees	degree	NOUN
easat-10654	80	20	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	80	21	freedom	freedom	NOUN
easat-10654	80	22	keep	keep	VERB
easat-10654	80	23	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	80	24	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	80	25	task	task	NOUN
easat-10654	80	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	80	27	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-10654	80	28	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-10654	80	29	guidance	guidance	NOUN
easat-10654	80	30	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10654	80	31	modeling	model	VERB
easat-10654	80	32	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-10654	80	33	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
easat-10654	80	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	80	35	demonstration	demonstration	NOUN
easat-10654	80	36	contingency	contingency	NOUN
easat-10654	80	37	point	point	NOUN
easat-10654	80	38	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	80	39	worthy	worthy	ADJ
easat-10654	80	40	sources	source	NOUN
easat-10654	80	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	80	42	deliver	deliver	VERB
easat-10654	80	43	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10654	80	44	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	80	45	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	80	46	marking	mark	VERB
easat-10654	80	47	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-10654	80	48	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10654	80	49	offer	offer	VERB
easat-10654	80	50	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-10654	80	51	to	to	PART
easat-10654	80	52	clarify	clarify	VERB
easat-10654	80	53	expectations	expectation	NOUN
easat-10654	80	54	affective	affective	NOUN
easat-10654	80	55	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	80	56	frustration	frustration	NOUN
easat-10654	80	57	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	80	58	create	create	VERB
easat-10654	80	59	momentum	momentum	NOUN
easat-10654	80	60	fading	fading	NOUN
easat-10654	80	61	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10654	80	62	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-10654	80	63	fading	fading	NOUN
easat-10654	80	64	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	80	65	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-10654	80	66	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	80	67	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-10654	80	68	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10654	80	69	shown	show	VERB
easat-10654	80	70	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	80	71	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	80	72	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	80	73	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	80	74	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	80	75	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-10654	80	76	many	many	ADJ
easat-10654	80	77	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	80	78	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	80	79	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	80	80	recruiting	recruit	VERB
easat-10654	80	81	student	student	NOUN
easat-10654	80	82	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-10654	80	83	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	80	84	1261	1261	NUM
easat-10654	80	85	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	80	86	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	80	87	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	80	88	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	80	89	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	80	90	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	80	91	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	80	92	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	80	93	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	80	94	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	80	95	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	80	96	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	81	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	81	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	81	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	81	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	81	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	81	6	:	:	SYM
easat-10654	81	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	81	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	81	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	81	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	81	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	81	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10654	81	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	81	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	81	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	81	16	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	81	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	81	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	81	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	81	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	81	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	81	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	81	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	81	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	81	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10654	81	26	reducing	reduce	VERB
easat-10654	81	27	the	the	DET
easat-10654	81	28	degree	degree	NOUN
easat-10654	81	29	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	81	30	freedom	freedom	NOUN
easat-10654	81	31	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	81	32	the	the	DET
easat-10654	81	33	task	task	NOUN
easat-10654	81	34	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	81	35	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	81	36	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-10654	81	37	to	to	PART
easat-10654	81	38	provide	provide	VERB
easat-10654	81	39	an	an	DET
easat-10654	81	40	idealization	idealization	NOUN
easat-10654	81	41	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	81	42	the	the	DET
easat-10654	81	43	act	act	NOUN
easat-10654	81	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	81	45	offering	offer	VERB
easat-10654	81	46	formative	formative	ADJ
easat-10654	81	47	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-10654	81	48	[	[	X
easat-10654	81	49	16	16	NUM
easat-10654	81	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	81	51	25	25	NUM
easat-10654	81	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	81	53	26	26	NUM
easat-10654	81	54	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	81	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	82	1	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-10654	82	2	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	82	3	leads	lead	VERB
easat-10654	82	4	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	82	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	82	6	formation	formation	NOUN
easat-10654	82	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	82	8	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	82	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	82	10	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	82	11	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	82	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	82	13	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	82	14	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	82	15	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	82	16	can	can	AUX
easat-10654	82	17	meet	meet	VERB
easat-10654	82	18	the	the	DET
easat-10654	82	19	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	82	20	goal	goal	NOUN
easat-10654	82	21	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	82	22	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	82	23	own	own	ADJ
easat-10654	82	24	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	82	25	helping	help	VERB
easat-10654	82	26	a	a	DET
easat-10654	82	27	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	82	28	overcome	overcome	VERB
easat-10654	82	29	the	the	DET
easat-10654	82	30	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-10654	82	31	between	between	ADP
easat-10654	82	32	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	82	33	current	current	ADJ
easat-10654	82	34	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-10654	82	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	82	36	the	the	DET
easat-10654	82	37	intended	intend	VERB
easat-10654	82	38	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	82	39	goal	goal	NOUN
easat-10654	82	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	82	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	82	42	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	82	43	promotes	promote	VERB
easat-10654	82	44	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	82	45	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	82	46	regulation	regulation	NOUN
easat-10654	82	47	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	82	48	long	long	ADJ
easat-10654	82	49	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	82	50	term	term	NOUN
easat-10654	82	51	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	82	52	retention	retention	NOUN
easat-10654	82	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	83	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
easat-10654	83	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	84	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	84	2	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-10654	84	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	84	4	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	84	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	84	6	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	84	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	84	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	84	9	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	84	10	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	84	11	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10654	84	12	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	84	13	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10654	84	14	a	a	DET
easat-10654	84	15	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10654	84	16	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	84	17	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	84	18	helping	help	VERB
easat-10654	84	19	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	84	20	engage	engage	VERB
easat-10654	84	21	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	84	22	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-10654	84	23	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	84	24	solving	solving	NOUN
easat-10654	84	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	84	26	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	84	27	can	can	AUX
easat-10654	84	28	not	not	PART
easat-10654	84	29	support	support	VERB
easat-10654	84	30	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	84	31	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	84	32	gaining	gain	VERB
easat-10654	84	33	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
easat-10654	84	34	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	84	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	84	36	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	84	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	84	38	ill	ill	ADV
easat-10654	84	39	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	84	40	structured	structure	VERB
easat-10654	84	41	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	84	42	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	84	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	85	1	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	85	2	the	the	DET
easat-10654	85	3	other	other	ADJ
easat-10654	85	4	hand	hand	NOUN
easat-10654	85	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	85	6	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	85	7	will	will	AUX
easat-10654	85	8	be	be	AUX
easat-10654	85	9	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-10654	85	10	if	if	SCONJ
easat-10654	85	11	we	we	PRON
easat-10654	85	12	help	help	VERB
easat-10654	85	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	85	14	solve	solve	VERB
easat-10654	85	15	a	a	DET
easat-10654	85	16	particular	particular	ADJ
easat-10654	85	17	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	85	18	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	85	19	breaking	break	VERB
easat-10654	85	20	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	85	21	into	into	ADP
easat-10654	85	22	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
easat-10654	85	23	parts	part	NOUN
easat-10654	85	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	85	25	guiding	guide	VERB
easat-10654	85	26	them	they	PRON
easat-10654	85	27	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	85	28	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	85	29	the	the	DET
easat-10654	85	30	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	85	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	85	32	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-10654	85	33	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	85	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	85	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	86	1	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	86	2	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	86	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	86	4	the	the	DET
easat-10654	86	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	86	6	combines	combine	VERB
easat-10654	86	7	the	the	DET
easat-10654	86	8	two	two	NUM
easat-10654	86	9	pedagogic	pedagogic	ADJ
easat-10654	86	10	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10654	86	11	into	into	ADP
easat-10654	86	12	a	a	DET
easat-10654	86	13	unified	unified	ADJ
easat-10654	86	14	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	86	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	86	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	86	17	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	86	18	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	86	19	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	86	20	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	86	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	87	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	87	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	87	3	consists	consist	VERB
easat-10654	87	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	87	5	four	four	NUM
easat-10654	87	6	components	component	NOUN
easat-10654	87	7	arising	arise	VERB
easat-10654	87	8	directly	directly	ADV
easat-10654	87	9	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	87	10	the	the	DET
easat-10654	87	11	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-10654	87	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	87	13	•	•	NUM
easat-10654	87	14	k	k	X
easat-10654	87	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	87	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	87	17	base	base	NOUN
easat-10654	87	18	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	87	19	):	):	PUNCT
easat-10654	87	20	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10654	87	21	the	the	DET
easat-10654	87	22	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-10654	87	23	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-10654	87	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	87	25	underpinning	underpin	VERB
easat-10654	87	26	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	87	27	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-10654	87	28	[	[	X
easat-10654	87	29	26	26	NUM
easat-10654	87	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	87	31	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	87	32	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	87	33	need	need	VERB
easat-10654	87	34	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	87	35	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	87	36	to	to	PART
easat-10654	87	37	properly	properly	ADV
easat-10654	87	38	investigate	investigate	VERB
easat-10654	87	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	87	40	interrogate	interrogate	VERB
easat-10654	87	41	the	the	DET
easat-10654	87	42	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	87	43	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	87	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	87	45	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-10654	87	46	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	87	47	overload	overload	NOUN
easat-10654	87	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	88	1	•	•	NUM
easat-10654	88	2	r	r	NOUN
easat-10654	88	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	88	4	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-10654	88	5	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	88	6	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	88	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	88	8	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-10654	88	9	):	):	PUNCT
easat-10654	88	10	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-10654	88	11	the	the	DET
easat-10654	88	12	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
easat-10654	88	13	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	88	14	principle	principle	NOUN
easat-10654	88	15	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	88	16	selfdirected	selfdirected	ADJ
easat-10654	88	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	88	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	88	19	the	the	DET
easat-10654	88	20	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	88	21	function	function	NOUN
easat-10654	88	22	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	88	23	keeping	keep	VERB
easat-10654	88	24	on	on	ADV
easat-10654	88	25	course	course	NOUN
easat-10654	88	26	[	[	X
easat-10654	88	27	25	25	NUM
easat-10654	88	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	88	29	that	that	PRON
easat-10654	88	30	involves	involve	VERB
easat-10654	88	31	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-10654	88	32	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	88	33	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	88	34	take	take	VERB
easat-10654	88	35	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-10654	88	36	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	88	37	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	88	38	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	88	39	individually	individually	ADV
easat-10654	88	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	88	41	within	within	ADP
easat-10654	88	42	the	the	DET
easat-10654	88	43	team	team	NOUN
easat-10654	88	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	89	1	•	•	NUM
easat-10654	90	1	i	i	PRON
easat-10654	90	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	90	3	interconnectedness	interconnectedness	NOUN
easat-10654	90	4	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	90	5	team	team	NOUN
easat-10654	90	6	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-10654	90	7	):	):	PUNCT
easat-10654	90	8	rooted	root	VERB
easat-10654	90	9	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	90	10	the	the	DET
easat-10654	90	11	social	social	ADJ
easat-10654	90	12	constructivist	constructivist	ADJ
easat-10654	90	13	basis	basis	NOUN
easat-10654	90	14	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	90	15	both	both	CCONJ
easat-10654	90	16	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	90	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	90	18	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	90	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	90	20	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	90	21	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10654	90	22	the	the	DET
easat-10654	90	23	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-10654	90	24	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	90	25	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-10654	90	26	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
easat-10654	90	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	90	28	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-10654	90	29	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	90	30	[	[	X
easat-10654	90	31	14	14	NUM
easat-10654	90	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	90	33	19	19	NUM
easat-10654	90	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	90	35	within	within	ADP
easat-10654	90	36	the	the	DET
easat-10654	90	37	team	team	NOUN
easat-10654	90	38	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	90	39	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-10654	90	40	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	90	41	to	to	PART
easat-10654	90	42	construct	construct	VERB
easat-10654	90	43	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	90	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	91	1	•	•	NUM
easat-10654	91	2	s	s	X
easat-10654	91	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	91	4	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	91	5	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	91	6	):	):	PUNCT
easat-10654	91	7	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10654	91	8	a	a	DET
easat-10654	91	9	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-10654	91	10	workflow	workflow	NOUN
easat-10654	91	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	91	12	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
easat-10654	91	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	91	14	the	the	DET
easat-10654	91	15	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	91	16	steps	step	VERB
easat-10654	91	17	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	91	18	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	91	19	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	91	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	91	21	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	91	22	scaffold	scaffold	NOUN
easat-10654	91	23	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	91	24	'	'	PART
easat-10654	91	25	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	91	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	91	27	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	91	28	work	work	NOUN
easat-10654	91	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	91	30	guiding	guide	VERB
easat-10654	91	31	them	they	PRON
easat-10654	91	32	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	91	33	initial	initial	ADJ
easat-10654	91	34	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-10654	91	35	confusion	confusion	NOUN
easat-10654	91	36	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	91	37	a	a	DET
easat-10654	91	38	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	91	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	91	40	well	well	ADV
easat-10654	91	41	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	91	42	reasoned	reason	VERB
easat-10654	91	43	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10654	91	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	92	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	92	2	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	92	3	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	92	4	aims	aim	VERB
easat-10654	92	5	at	at	ADP
easat-10654	92	6	systematically	systematically	ADV
easat-10654	92	7	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-10654	92	8	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	92	9	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	92	10	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	92	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	92	12	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	92	13	achievements	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	92	14	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	92	15	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-10654	92	16	domains	domain	NOUN
easat-10654	92	17	like	like	ADP
easat-10654	92	18	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	92	19	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	92	20	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	92	21	coupling	couple	VERB
easat-10654	92	22	motivational	motivational	ADJ
easat-10654	92	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	92	24	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	92	25	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-10654	92	26	found	find	VERB
easat-10654	92	27	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	92	28	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	92	29	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	92	30	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-10654	92	31	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	92	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	93	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
easat-10654	93	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	93	3	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	93	4	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-10654	93	5	this	this	DET
easat-10654	93	6	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
easat-10654	93	7	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	93	8	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-10654	93	9	reveals	reveal	VERB
easat-10654	93	10	a	a	DET
easat-10654	93	11	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-10654	93	12	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	93	13	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-10654	93	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	94	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10654	94	2	the	the	DET
easat-10654	94	3	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-10654	94	4	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-10654	94	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	94	6	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	94	7	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	94	8	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	94	9	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	94	10	[	[	X
easat-10654	94	11	27	27	NUM
easat-10654	94	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	94	13	28	28	NUM
easat-10654	94	14	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	94	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	94	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	94	17	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-10654	94	18	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-10654	94	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	94	20	scaffolding	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	94	21	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	94	22	supporting	support	VERB
easat-10654	94	23	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-10654	94	24	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	94	25	[	[	X
easat-10654	94	26	16	16	NUM
easat-10654	94	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	94	28	25	25	NUM
easat-10654	94	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	94	30	26	26	NUM
easat-10654	94	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	94	32	are	be	AUX
easat-10654	94	33	well	well	ADV
easat-10654	94	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	94	35	established	establish	VERB
easat-10654	94	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	94	37	there	there	PRON
easat-10654	94	38	is	be	VERB
easat-10654	94	39	a	a	DET
easat-10654	94	40	scarcity	scarcity	NOUN
easat-10654	94	41	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	94	42	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	94	43	that	that	PRON
easat-10654	94	44	systematically	systematically	ADV
easat-10654	94	45	integrates	integrate	VERB
easat-10654	94	46	these	these	DET
easat-10654	94	47	two	two	NUM
easat-10654	94	48	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10654	94	49	into	into	ADP
easat-10654	94	50	a	a	DET
easat-10654	94	51	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
easat-10654	94	52	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	94	53	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	94	54	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-10654	94	55	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	94	56	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-10654	94	57	courses	course	NOUN
easat-10654	94	58	like	like	ADP
easat-10654	94	59	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	94	60	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	94	61	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	95	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-10654	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	95	3	existing	exist	VERB
easat-10654	95	4	studies	study	NOUN
easat-10654	95	5	often	often	ADV
easat-10654	95	6	focus	focus	VERB
easat-10654	95	7	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	95	8	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	95	9	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	95	10	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10654	95	11	generic	generic	ADJ
easat-10654	95	12	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	95	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	95	14	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	95	15	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	95	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	95	17	leaving	leave	VERB
easat-10654	95	18	a	a	DET
easat-10654	95	19	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-10654	95	20	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	95	21	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-10654	95	22	the	the	DET
easat-10654	95	23	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-10654	95	24	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	95	25	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	95	26	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-10654	95	27	models	model	NOUN
easat-10654	95	28	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	95	29	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	95	30	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	95	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	95	32	a	a	DET
easat-10654	95	33	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-10654	95	34	competency	competency	NOUN
easat-10654	95	35	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	95	36	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	95	37	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	95	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	95	39	sql	sql	NOUN
easat-10654	95	40	programming	programming	NOUN
easat-10654	95	41	that	that	PRON
easat-10654	95	42	aligns	align	VERB
easat-10654	95	43	directly	directly	ADV
easat-10654	95	44	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	95	45	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	95	46	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	95	47	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	95	48	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	95	49	processes	process	NOUN
easat-10654	95	50	[	[	X
easat-10654	95	51	7	7	NUM
easat-10654	95	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	95	53	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	95	54	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	95	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	96	1	most	most	ADV
easat-10654	96	2	importantly	importantly	ADV
easat-10654	96	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	96	4	there	there	PRON
easat-10654	96	5	is	be	VERB
easat-10654	96	6	a	a	DET
easat-10654	96	7	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-10654	96	8	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	96	9	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-10654	96	10	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-10654	96	11	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	96	12	quasi	quasi	ADJ
easat-10654	96	13	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	96	14	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	96	15	studies	study	NOUN
easat-10654	96	16	that	that	PRON
easat-10654	96	17	test	test	VERB
easat-10654	96	18	the	the	DET
easat-10654	96	19	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-10654	96	20	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	96	21	such	such	DET
easat-10654	96	22	a	a	DET
easat-10654	96	23	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	96	24	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	96	25	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	96	26	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	96	27	a	a	DET
easat-10654	96	28	real	real	ADJ
easat-10654	96	29	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-10654	96	30	setting	setting	NOUN
easat-10654	96	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	96	32	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-10654	96	33	within	within	ADP
easat-10654	96	34	the	the	DET
easat-10654	96	35	thai	thai	ADJ
easat-10654	96	36	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	96	37	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	96	38	context	context	NOUN
easat-10654	96	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	96	40	where	where	SCONJ
easat-10654	96	41	developing	develop	VERB
easat-10654	96	42	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	96	43	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	96	44	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	96	45	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	96	46	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	96	47	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	96	48	a	a	DET
easat-10654	96	49	national	national	ADJ
easat-10654	96	50	priority	priority	NOUN
easat-10654	96	51	[	[	X
easat-10654	96	52	8	8	NUM
easat-10654	96	53	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	96	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	97	1	this	this	DET
easat-10654	97	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	97	3	aims	aim	VERB
easat-10654	97	4	to	to	PART
easat-10654	97	5	fill	fill	VERB
easat-10654	97	6	this	this	DET
easat-10654	97	7	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-10654	97	8	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	97	9	developing	develop	VERB
easat-10654	97	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	97	11	validating	validate	VERB
easat-10654	97	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	97	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	97	14	empirically	empirically	ADV
easat-10654	97	15	testing	test	VERB
easat-10654	97	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	97	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	97	18	kris	kris	ADJ
easat-10654	97	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	97	20	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	97	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	97	22	a	a	DET
easat-10654	97	23	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	97	24	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	97	25	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	97	26	designed	design	VERB
easat-10654	97	27	to	to	PART
easat-10654	97	28	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	97	29	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	97	30	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	97	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	97	32	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	97	33	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	97	34	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	97	35	a	a	DET
easat-10654	97	36	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	97	37	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	97	38	course	course	NOUN
easat-10654	97	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	98	1	3	3	X
easat-10654	98	2	.	.	X
easat-10654	98	3	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	98	4	this	this	DET
easat-10654	98	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	98	6	employed	employ	VERB
easat-10654	98	7	a	a	DET
easat-10654	98	8	two	two	NUM
easat-10654	98	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	98	10	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	98	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	98	12	sequential	sequential	ADJ
easat-10654	98	13	explanatory	explanatory	ADJ
easat-10654	98	14	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-10654	98	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	98	16	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	98	17	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	98	18	[	[	X
easat-10654	98	19	29	29	NUM
easat-10654	98	20	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	98	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	99	1	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	99	2	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	99	3	involved	involve	VERB
easat-10654	99	4	developing	develop	VERB
easat-10654	99	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	99	6	validating	validate	VERB
easat-10654	99	7	the	the	DET
easat-10654	99	8	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	99	9	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	99	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	99	11	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10654	99	12	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	99	13	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	99	14	consisted	consist	VERB
easat-10654	99	15	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	99	16	a	a	DET
easat-10654	99	17	quasi1262	quasi1262	PROPN
easat-10654	99	18	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	99	19	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	99	20	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	99	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	99	22	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	99	23	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	99	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	99	25	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	99	26	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	99	27	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	99	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	99	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	100	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	100	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	100	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	100	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	100	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	100	6	:	:	SYM
easat-10654	100	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	100	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	100	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	100	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	100	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	100	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10654	100	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	100	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	100	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	100	16	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	100	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	100	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	100	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	100	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	100	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	100	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	101	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	101	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	101	3	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-10654	101	4	experiment	experiment	NOUN
easat-10654	101	5	to	to	PART
easat-10654	101	6	test	test	VERB
easat-10654	101	7	the	the	DET
easat-10654	101	8	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	101	9	's	's	PART
easat-10654	101	10	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-10654	101	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	102	1	3.1	3.1	NUM
easat-10654	102	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	102	3	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	102	4	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	102	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	102	6	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	102	7	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	102	8	undertaken	undertake	VERB
easat-10654	102	9	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	102	10	two	two	NUM
easat-10654	102	11	processes	process	NOUN
easat-10654	102	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	102	13	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	102	14	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	102	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	102	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	102	17	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	102	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	102	19	expert	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	102	20	validation	validation	NOUN
easat-10654	102	21	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	102	22	the	the	DET
easat-10654	102	23	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	102	24	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	102	25	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	102	26	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	103	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	103	2	17	17	NUM
easat-10654	103	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	103	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	104	1	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	104	2	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	104	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	104	4	a	a	DET
easat-10654	104	5	quasi	quasi	ADJ
easat-10654	104	6	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	104	7	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	104	8	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	104	9	comparing	compare	VERB
easat-10654	104	10	the	the	DET
easat-10654	104	11	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	104	12	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10654	104	13	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	104	14	an	an	DET
easat-10654	104	15	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	104	16	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	104	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	104	18	taught	teach	VERB
easat-10654	104	19	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	104	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	104	21	new	new	ADJ
easat-10654	104	22	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	104	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	104	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	104	25	a	a	DET
easat-10654	104	26	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	104	27	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	104	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	104	29	taught	teach	VERB
easat-10654	104	30	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	104	31	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	104	32	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	104	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	105	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	105	2	12	12	NUM
easat-10654	105	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	105	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	106	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
easat-10654	106	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	106	3	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	106	4	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	106	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	106	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	106	7	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	106	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	106	9	validation	validation	NOUN
easat-10654	106	10	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	106	11	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	106	12	entailed	entail	VERB
easat-10654	106	13	two	two	NUM
easat-10654	106	14	steps	step	NOUN
easat-10654	106	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	107	1	these	these	PRON
easat-10654	107	2	were	be	AUX
easat-10654	107	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	107	4	3.2.1	3.2.1	X
easat-10654	107	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	107	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	107	7	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	107	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	107	9	step	step	NOUN
easat-10654	107	10	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	107	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	107	12	the	the	DET
easat-10654	107	13	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	107	14	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	107	15	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	107	16	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	107	17	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	107	18	developed	develop	VERB
easat-10654	107	19	systematically	systematically	ADV
easat-10654	107	20	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	107	21	synthesizing	synthesize	VERB
easat-10654	107	22	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-10654	107	23	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-10654	107	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	108	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10654	108	2	sources	source	NOUN
easat-10654	108	3	included	include	VERB
easat-10654	108	4	domestic	domestic	ADJ
easat-10654	108	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	108	6	international	international	ADJ
easat-10654	108	7	journals	journal	NOUN
easat-10654	108	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	108	9	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
easat-10654	108	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	108	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	108	12	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	108	13	articles	article	NOUN
easat-10654	108	14	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	108	15	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	108	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	108	17	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	108	18	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-10654	108	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	109	1	a	a	DET
easat-10654	109	2	content	content	NOUN
easat-10654	109	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10654	109	4	form	form	NOUN
easat-10654	109	5	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	109	6	used	use	VERB
easat-10654	109	7	to	to	PART
easat-10654	109	8	extract	extract	VERB
easat-10654	109	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	109	10	record	record	VERB
easat-10654	109	11	key	key	ADJ
easat-10654	109	12	information	information	NOUN
easat-10654	109	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	110	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	110	2	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
easat-10654	110	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	110	4	these	these	DET
easat-10654	110	5	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-10654	110	6	led	lead	VERB
easat-10654	110	7	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	110	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	110	9	initial	initial	ADJ
easat-10654	110	10	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	110	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	110	12	the	the	DET
easat-10654	110	13	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	110	14	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	110	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	110	16	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	110	17	integrates	integrate	VERB
easat-10654	110	18	the	the	DET
easat-10654	110	19	core	core	ADJ
easat-10654	110	20	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-10654	110	21	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	110	22	both	both	CCONJ
easat-10654	110	23	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	110	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	110	25	scaffolding	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	110	26	into	into	ADP
easat-10654	110	27	a	a	DET
easat-10654	110	28	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
easat-10654	110	29	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	110	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	111	1	3.2.2	3.2.2	NUM
easat-10654	111	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	111	3	expert	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	111	4	validation	validation	NOUN
easat-10654	111	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	111	6	step	step	NOUN
easat-10654	111	7	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	111	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	111	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	111	10	initial	initial	ADJ
easat-10654	111	11	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	111	12	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	111	13	validated	validate	VERB
easat-10654	111	14	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	111	15	seven	seven	NUM
easat-10654	111	16	purposively	purposively	ADV
easat-10654	111	17	selected	select	VERB
easat-10654	111	18	experts	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	111	19	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	111	20	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-10654	111	21	fields	field	NOUN
easat-10654	111	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	112	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	112	2	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-10654	112	3	comprised	comprise	VERB
easat-10654	112	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	112	5	•	•	NUM
easat-10654	112	6	three	three	NUM
easat-10654	112	7	experts	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	112	8	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	112	9	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	112	10	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	112	11	content	content	NOUN
easat-10654	112	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	113	1	•	•	NUM
easat-10654	113	2	three	three	NUM
easat-10654	113	3	experts	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	113	4	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	113	5	active	active	ADJ
easat-10654	113	6	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	113	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	113	8	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-10654	113	9	pbl	pbl	VERB
easat-10654	113	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	113	11	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	113	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	114	1	•	•	NUM
easat-10654	114	2	one	one	NUM
easat-10654	114	3	expert	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	114	4	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	114	5	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-10654	114	6	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-10654	114	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	115	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	115	2	experts	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	115	3	critically	critically	ADV
easat-10654	115	4	reviewed	review	VERB
easat-10654	115	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	115	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	115	7	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	115	8	a	a	DET
easat-10654	115	9	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-10654	115	10	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-10654	115	11	form	form	NOUN
easat-10654	115	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	116	1	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	116	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-10654	116	3	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-10654	116	4	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	116	5	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-10654	116	6	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	116	7	content	content	NOUN
easat-10654	116	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10654	116	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	116	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	116	11	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	116	12	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-10654	116	13	ratings	rating	NOUN
easat-10654	116	14	were	be	AUX
easat-10654	116	15	used	use	VERB
easat-10654	116	16	to	to	PART
easat-10654	116	17	establish	establish	VERB
easat-10654	116	18	the	the	DET
easat-10654	116	19	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	116	20	's	's	PART
easat-10654	116	21	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-10654	116	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	117	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	117	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	117	3	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	117	4	refined	refine	VERB
easat-10654	117	5	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	117	6	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	117	7	this	this	DET
easat-10654	117	8	expert	expert	ADJ
easat-10654	117	9	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-10654	117	10	before	before	ADP
easat-10654	117	11	proceeding	proceed	VERB
easat-10654	117	12	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	117	13	the	the	DET
easat-10654	117	14	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	117	15	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	117	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	118	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
easat-10654	118	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	118	3	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	118	4	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	118	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	118	6	quasi	quasi	ADJ
easat-10654	118	7	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	118	8	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	118	9	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-10654	118	10	3.3.1	3.3.1	NUM
easat-10654	118	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	119	1	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-10654	119	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	119	3	sampling	sample	VERB
easat-10654	119	4	we	we	PRON
easat-10654	119	5	experimented	experiment	VERB
easat-10654	119	6	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	119	7	undergraduate	undergraduate	ADJ
easat-10654	119	8	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	119	9	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	119	10	the	the	DET
easat-10654	119	11	faculty	faculty	NOUN
easat-10654	119	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	119	13	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	119	14	at	at	ADP
easat-10654	119	15	kmitl	kmitl	PROPN
easat-10654	119	16	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	119	17	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-10654	119	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	120	1	all	all	DET
easat-10654	120	2	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-10654	120	3	were	be	AUX
easat-10654	120	4	enrolled	enrol	VERB
easat-10654	120	5	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	120	6	the	the	DET
easat-10654	120	7	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	120	8	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	120	9	course	course	NOUN
easat-10654	120	10	during	during	ADP
easat-10654	120	11	the	the	DET
easat-10654	120	12	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10654	120	13	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	120	14	year	year	NOUN
easat-10654	120	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	121	1	we	we	PRON
easat-10654	121	2	selected	select	VERB
easat-10654	121	3	two	two	NUM
easat-10654	121	4	classes	class	NOUN
easat-10654	121	5	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	121	6	a	a	DET
easat-10654	121	7	random	random	ADJ
easat-10654	121	8	lottery	lottery	NOUN
easat-10654	121	9	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	121	10	six	six	NUM
easat-10654	121	11	classes	class	NOUN
easat-10654	121	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	122	1	one	one	NUM
easat-10654	122	2	class	class	NOUN
easat-10654	122	3	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	122	4	assigned	assign	VERB
easat-10654	122	5	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	122	6	an	an	DET
easat-10654	122	7	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	122	8	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	122	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	122	10	n=60	n=60	NOUN
easat-10654	122	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	122	12	taught	teach	VERB
easat-10654	122	13	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	122	14	the	the	DET
easat-10654	122	15	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	122	16	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	122	17	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	122	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	122	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	122	20	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10654	122	21	the	the	DET
easat-10654	122	22	other	other	ADJ
easat-10654	122	23	class	class	NOUN
easat-10654	122	24	served	serve	VERB
easat-10654	122	25	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	122	26	the	the	DET
easat-10654	122	27	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	122	28	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	122	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	122	30	n=59	n=59	X
easat-10654	122	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	122	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	122	33	received	receive	VERB
easat-10654	122	34	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	122	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	122	36	lecture	lecture	NOUN
easat-10654	122	37	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	122	38	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	122	39	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-10654	122	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	123	1	3.3.2	3.3.2	X
easat-10654	123	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	123	3	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	123	4	instruments	instrument	NOUN
easat-10654	123	5	two	two	NUM
easat-10654	123	6	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-10654	123	7	instruments	instrument	NOUN
easat-10654	123	8	were	be	AUX
easat-10654	123	9	used	use	VERB
easat-10654	123	10	to	to	PART
easat-10654	123	11	measure	measure	VERB
easat-10654	123	12	the	the	DET
easat-10654	123	13	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10654	123	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	123	15	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	123	16	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	123	17	test	test	NOUN
easat-10654	123	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	123	19	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	123	20	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	123	21	):	):	PUNCT
easat-10654	123	22	this	this	DET
easat-10654	123	23	instrument	instrument	NOUN
easat-10654	123	24	used	use	VERB
easat-10654	123	25	an	an	DET
easat-10654	123	26	analytical	analytical	ADJ
easat-10654	123	27	scoring	scoring	NOUN
easat-10654	123	28	rubric	rubric	ADJ
easat-10654	123	29	to	to	PART
easat-10654	123	30	assess	assess	VERB
easat-10654	123	31	the	the	DET
easat-10654	123	32	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	123	33	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	123	34	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	123	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	124	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	124	2	rubric	rubric	NOUN
easat-10654	124	3	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10654	124	4	high	high	ADJ
easat-10654	124	5	content	content	NOUN
easat-10654	124	6	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-10654	124	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	124	8	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	124	9	an	an	DET
easat-10654	124	10	item	item	NOUN
easat-10654	124	11	congruence	congruence	NOUN
easat-10654	124	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	124	13	ioc	ioc	PROPN
easat-10654	124	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	124	15	index	index	NOUN
easat-10654	124	16	between	between	ADP
easat-10654	124	17	0.60	0.60	NUM
easat-10654	124	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	124	19	1.00	1.00	NUM
easat-10654	124	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	125	1	inter	inter	ADJ
easat-10654	125	2	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	125	3	rater	rater	ADJ
easat-10654	125	4	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-10654	125	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	125	6	irr	irr	PROPN
easat-10654	125	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	125	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	125	9	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-10654	125	10	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	125	11	pearson	pearson	PROPN
easat-10654	125	12	's	's	PART
easat-10654	125	13	product	product	NOUN
easat-10654	125	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	125	15	moment	moment	NOUN
easat-10654	125	16	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-10654	125	17	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-10654	125	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	125	19	r	r	NOUN
easat-10654	125	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	125	21	between	between	ADP
easat-10654	125	22	two	two	NUM
easat-10654	125	23	course	course	NOUN
easat-10654	125	24	instructors	instructor	NOUN
easat-10654	125	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	125	26	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	125	27	0.84	0.84	NUM
easat-10654	125	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	125	29	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-10654	125	30	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-10654	125	31	consistency	consistency	NOUN
easat-10654	125	32	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	125	33	scoring	scoring	NOUN
easat-10654	125	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	126	1	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	126	2	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	126	3	test	test	NOUN
easat-10654	126	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	126	5	sql	sql	NOUN
easat-10654	126	6	programming	programming	NOUN
easat-10654	126	7	):	):	PUNCT
easat-10654	126	8	this	this	DET
easat-10654	126	9	instrument	instrument	NOUN
easat-10654	126	10	used	use	VERB
easat-10654	126	11	a	a	DET
easat-10654	126	12	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-10654	126	13	analytical	analytical	ADJ
easat-10654	126	14	rubric	rubric	NOUN
easat-10654	126	15	to	to	PART
easat-10654	126	16	assess	assess	VERB
easat-10654	126	17	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	126	18	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	126	19	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10654	126	20	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10654	126	21	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	126	22	sql	sql	PROPN
easat-10654	126	23	code	code	NOUN
easat-10654	126	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	127	1	it	it	PRON
easat-10654	127	2	also	also	ADV
easat-10654	127	3	showed	show	VERB
easat-10654	127	4	high	high	ADJ
easat-10654	127	5	content	content	NOUN
easat-10654	127	6	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-10654	127	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	127	8	ioc	ioc	NOUN
easat-10654	127	9	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	127	10	0.60	0.60	NUM
easat-10654	127	11	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	127	12	1.00	1.00	NUM
easat-10654	127	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	127	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	127	15	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-10654	127	16	inter	inter	ADJ
easat-10654	127	17	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	127	18	rater	rater	ADJ
easat-10654	127	19	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-10654	127	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	127	21	irr	irr	NOUN
easat-10654	127	22	=	=	NOUN
easat-10654	127	23	0.83	0.83	NUM
easat-10654	127	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	127	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	128	1	1263	1263	NUM
easat-10654	128	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	128	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	128	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	128	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	128	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	128	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	128	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	128	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	128	10	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	128	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	128	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	128	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	129	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	129	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	129	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	129	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	129	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	129	6	:	:	SYM
easat-10654	129	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	129	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	129	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	129	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	129	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	129	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10654	129	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	129	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	129	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	129	16	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	129	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	129	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	129	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	129	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	129	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	129	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	129	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	129	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	129	25	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-10654	129	26	3.3.3	3.3.3	PROPN
easat-10654	129	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	129	28	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10654	129	29	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-10654	129	30	procedure	procedure	NOUN
easat-10654	129	31	the	the	DET
easat-10654	129	32	procedure	procedure	NOUN
easat-10654	129	33	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	129	34	identical	identical	ADJ
easat-10654	129	35	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	129	36	both	both	DET
easat-10654	129	37	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10654	129	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	129	39	differing	differ	VERB
easat-10654	129	40	only	only	ADV
easat-10654	129	41	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	129	42	the	the	DET
easat-10654	129	43	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	129	44	method	method	NOUN
easat-10654	129	45	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	129	46	1	1	X
easat-10654	129	47	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	129	48	both	both	DET
easat-10654	129	49	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10654	129	50	completed	complete	VERB
easat-10654	129	51	a	a	DET
easat-10654	129	52	pre	pre	NOUN
easat-10654	129	53	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	129	54	test	test	NOUN
easat-10654	129	55	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	129	56	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	129	57	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	129	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	130	1	2	2	X
easat-10654	130	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	130	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	130	4	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	130	5	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	130	6	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	130	7	taught	teach	VERB
easat-10654	130	8	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	130	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	130	10	developed	develop	VERB
easat-10654	130	11	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	130	12	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	130	13	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	130	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	131	1	3	3	X
easat-10654	131	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	131	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	131	4	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	131	5	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	131	6	used	use	VERB
easat-10654	131	7	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	131	8	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-10654	131	9	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	131	10	such	such	ADJ
easat-10654	131	11	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	131	12	lectures	lecture	NOUN
easat-10654	131	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	131	14	instructor	instructor	NOUN
easat-10654	131	15	demonstrations	demonstration	NOUN
easat-10654	131	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	131	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	131	18	student	student	NOUN
easat-10654	131	19	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-10654	131	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	132	1	4	4	X
easat-10654	132	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	132	3	after	after	ADP
easat-10654	132	4	the	the	DET
easat-10654	132	5	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-10654	132	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	132	7	both	both	DET
easat-10654	132	8	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10654	132	9	completed	complete	VERB
easat-10654	132	10	post	post	ADJ
easat-10654	132	11	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	132	12	tests	test	NOUN
easat-10654	132	13	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	132	14	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	132	15	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	132	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	132	17	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	132	18	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	132	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	133	1	3.3.4	3.3.4	X
easat-10654	133	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	134	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10654	134	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10654	134	3	to	to	PART
easat-10654	134	4	compare	compare	VERB
easat-10654	134	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	134	6	post	post	ADJ
easat-10654	134	7	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	134	8	intervention	intervention	ADJ
easat-10654	134	9	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10654	134	10	between	between	ADP
easat-10654	134	11	the	the	DET
easat-10654	134	12	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	134	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	134	14	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	134	15	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10654	134	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	134	17	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	134	18	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	134	19	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-10654	134	20	type	type	NOUN
easat-10654	134	21	i	i	PRON
easat-10654	134	22	error	error	NOUN
easat-10654	134	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	134	24	a	a	DET
easat-10654	134	25	one	one	NUM
easat-10654	134	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	134	27	way	way	NOUN
easat-10654	134	28	multivariate	multivariate	NOUN
easat-10654	134	29	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10654	134	30	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	134	31	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-10654	134	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	134	33	manova	manova	PROPN
easat-10654	134	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	134	35	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	134	36	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-10654	134	37	[	[	X
easat-10654	134	38	12	12	NUM
easat-10654	134	39	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	134	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	135	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	135	2	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-10654	135	3	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-10654	135	4	were	be	AUX
easat-10654	135	5	post	post	ADJ
easat-10654	135	6	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	135	7	test	test	ADJ
easat-10654	135	8	scores	score	NOUN
easat-10654	135	9	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	135	10	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	135	11	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	135	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	135	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	135	14	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	135	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	135	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	135	17	the	the	DET
easat-10654	135	18	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-10654	135	19	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-10654	135	20	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	135	21	the	the	DET
easat-10654	135	22	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	135	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	135	24	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	135	25	vs.	vs.	X
easat-10654	135	26	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	135	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	135	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	136	1	after	after	ADP
easat-10654	136	2	controlling	control	VERB
easat-10654	136	3	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	136	4	other	other	ADJ
easat-10654	136	5	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-10654	136	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	136	7	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-10654	136	8	η²	η²	PROPN
easat-10654	136	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	136	10	eta	eta	ADV
easat-10654	136	11	squared	square	VERB
easat-10654	136	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	136	13	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	136	14	used	use	VERB
easat-10654	136	15	to	to	PART
easat-10654	136	16	report	report	VERB
easat-10654	136	17	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-10654	136	18	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-10654	136	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	136	20	representing	represent	VERB
easat-10654	136	21	the	the	DET
easat-10654	136	22	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-10654	136	23	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	136	24	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-10654	136	25	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	136	26	the	the	DET
easat-10654	136	27	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-10654	136	28	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-10654	136	29	explained	explain	VERB
easat-10654	136	30	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	136	31	the	the	DET
easat-10654	136	32	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	136	33	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	136	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	137	1	reporting	report	VERB
easat-10654	137	2	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-10654	137	3	η²	η²	PROPN
easat-10654	137	4	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10654	137	5	information	information	NOUN
easat-10654	137	6	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	137	7	the	the	DET
easat-10654	137	8	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10654	137	9	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-10654	137	10	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	137	11	the	the	DET
easat-10654	137	12	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-10654	137	13	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-10654	137	14	the	the	DET
easat-10654	137	15	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-10654	137	16	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-10654	137	17	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-10654	137	18	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	137	19	p	p	NOUN
easat-10654	137	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	137	21	values	value	NOUN
easat-10654	137	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	138	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-10654	138	2	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	138	3	cohen	cohen	PROPN
easat-10654	138	4	's	's	PART
easat-10654	138	5	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
easat-10654	138	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	138	7	.01	.01	NUM
easat-10654	138	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	138	9	.06	.06	NUM
easat-10654	138	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	138	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	138	12	.14	.14	NUM
easat-10654	138	13	values	value	NOUN
easat-10654	138	14	correspond	correspond	VERB
easat-10654	138	15	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	138	16	small	small	ADJ
easat-10654	138	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	138	18	medium	medium	ADJ
easat-10654	138	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	138	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	138	21	large	large	ADJ
easat-10654	138	22	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-10654	138	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	138	24	respectively	respectively	ADV
easat-10654	138	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	139	1	4	4	X
easat-10654	139	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	139	3	results	result	VERB
easat-10654	139	4	4.1	4.1	NUM
easat-10654	139	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	139	6	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	139	7	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	139	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	139	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	139	10	developed	develop	VERB
easat-10654	139	11	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	139	12	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	139	13	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	139	14	model	model	VERB
easat-10654	139	15	the	the	DET
easat-10654	139	16	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	139	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	139	18	validation	validation	NOUN
easat-10654	139	19	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	139	20	resulted	result	VERB
easat-10654	139	21	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	139	22	the	the	DET
easat-10654	139	23	finalized	finalize	VERB
easat-10654	139	24	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	139	25	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	139	26	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	139	27	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	139	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	140	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	140	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	140	3	's	's	PART
easat-10654	140	4	name	name	NOUN
easat-10654	140	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	140	6	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	140	7	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	140	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	140	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	140	10	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	140	11	an	an	DET
easat-10654	140	12	acronym	acronym	NOUN
easat-10654	140	13	derived	derive	VERB
easat-10654	140	14	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	140	15	its	its	PRON
easat-10654	140	16	four	four	NUM
easat-10654	140	17	core	core	NOUN
easat-10654	140	18	components	component	NOUN
easat-10654	140	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	140	20	each	each	PRON
easat-10654	140	21	detailed	detail	VERB
easat-10654	140	22	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	140	23	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	140	24	3	3	NUM
easat-10654	140	25	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	140	26	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-10654	140	27	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-10654	140	28	grounding	grounding	NOUN
easat-10654	140	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	141	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	141	2	expert	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	141	3	validation	validation	NOUN
easat-10654	141	4	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	141	5	yielded	yield	VERB
easat-10654	141	6	highly	highly	ADV
easat-10654	141	7	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-10654	141	8	results	result	NOUN
easat-10654	141	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	142	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	142	2	seven	seven	NUM
easat-10654	142	3	experts	expert	NOUN
easat-10654	142	4	rated	rate	VERB
easat-10654	142	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	142	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	142	7	highly	highly	ADV
easat-10654	142	8	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	142	9	its	its	PRON
easat-10654	142	10	utility	utility	NOUN
easat-10654	142	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	142	12	feasibility	feasibility	NOUN
easat-10654	142	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	142	14	appropriateness	appropriateness	NOUN
easat-10654	142	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	142	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	142	17	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-10654	142	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	142	19	confirming	confirm	VERB
easat-10654	142	20	its	its	PRON
easat-10654	142	21	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-10654	142	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	142	23	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-10654	142	24	readiness	readiness	NOUN
easat-10654	142	25	[	[	X
easat-10654	142	26	30	30	NUM
easat-10654	142	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	142	28	31	31	NUM
easat-10654	142	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	142	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	143	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-10654	143	2	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	143	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	144	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	144	2	scaffolded	scaffolded	ADJ
easat-10654	144	3	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	144	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	144	5	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	144	6	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	144	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	144	8	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	144	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	144	10	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	144	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	145	1	1264	1264	NUM
easat-10654	145	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	145	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	145	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	145	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	145	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	145	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	145	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	145	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	145	10	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	145	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	145	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	145	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	146	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	146	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	146	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	146	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	146	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	146	6	:	:	SYM
easat-10654	146	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	146	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	146	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	146	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	146	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	146	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10654	146	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	146	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	146	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	146	16	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	146	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	146	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	146	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	146	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	146	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	146	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	146	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	146	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	146	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10654	146	26	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	146	27	3	3	NUM
easat-10654	146	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	146	29	components	component	NOUN
easat-10654	146	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	146	31	descriptions	description	NOUN
easat-10654	146	32	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	146	33	the	the	DET
easat-10654	146	34	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	146	35	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	146	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	146	37	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	146	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	146	39	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	146	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	147	1	key	key	ADJ
easat-10654	147	2	component	component	NOUN
easat-10654	147	3	description	description	NOUN
easat-10654	147	4	k	k	PROPN
easat-10654	147	5	knowledge	knowledge	PROPN
easat-10654	147	6	base	base	PROPN
easat-10654	147	7	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	147	8	supports	support	VERB
easat-10654	147	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	147	10	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	147	11	’s	’s	PART
easat-10654	147	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	147	13	construction	construction	NOUN
easat-10654	147	14	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	147	15	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	147	16	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	147	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	147	18	social	social	ADJ
easat-10654	147	19	constructivist	constructivist	ADJ
easat-10654	147	20	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-10654	147	21	[	[	X
easat-10654	147	22	32	32	NUM
easat-10654	147	23	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	147	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	147	25	including	include	VERB
easat-10654	147	26	case	case	NOUN
easat-10654	147	27	studies	study	NOUN
easat-10654	147	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	147	29	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-10654	147	30	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	147	31	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-10654	147	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	148	1	scaffolding	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	148	2	assists	assist	NOUN
easat-10654	148	3	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	148	4	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	148	5	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-10654	148	6	prior	prior	ADJ
easat-10654	148	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	148	8	within	within	ADP
easat-10654	148	9	the	the	DET
easat-10654	148	10	zone	zone	NOUN
easat-10654	148	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	148	12	proximal	proximal	ADJ
easat-10654	148	13	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	148	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	148	15	zpd	zpd	NOUN
easat-10654	148	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	149	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	149	2	14	14	NUM
easat-10654	149	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	149	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	149	5	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	149	6	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-10654	149	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	149	8	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	149	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	149	10	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	149	11	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	149	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	150	1	r	r	NOUN
easat-10654	150	2	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-10654	150	3	promotes	promote	VERB
easat-10654	150	4	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	150	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	150	6	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-10654	150	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	150	8	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-10654	150	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	150	10	making	make	VERB
easat-10654	150	11	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	150	12	aware	aware	ADJ
easat-10654	150	13	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	150	14	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	150	15	duties	duty	NOUN
easat-10654	150	16	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	150	17	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-10654	150	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	150	19	their	their	PRON
easat-10654	150	20	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	150	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	151	1	includes	include	VERB
easat-10654	151	2	instructor	instructor	NOUN
easat-10654	151	3	coaching	coaching	NOUN
easat-10654	151	4	that	that	PRON
easat-10654	151	5	encourages	encourage	VERB
easat-10654	151	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	151	7	accelerates	accelerate	VERB
easat-10654	151	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	151	9	without	without	ADP
easat-10654	151	10	directly	directly	ADV
easat-10654	151	11	providing	provide	VERB
easat-10654	151	12	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-10654	151	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	152	1	i	i	PRON
easat-10654	152	2	interconnectedness	interconnectedness	NOUN
easat-10654	152	3	builds	build	VERB
easat-10654	152	4	team	team	NOUN
easat-10654	152	5	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-10654	152	6	to	to	PART
easat-10654	152	7	support	support	VERB
easat-10654	152	8	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-10654	152	9	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	152	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	152	11	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	152	12	[	[	X
easat-10654	152	13	33	33	NUM
easat-10654	152	14	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	152	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	152	16	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-10654	152	17	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-10654	152	18	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-10654	152	19	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	152	20	social	social	ADJ
easat-10654	152	21	network	network	NOUN
easat-10654	152	22	platforms	platform	NOUN
easat-10654	152	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	152	24	synchronous	synchronous	ADJ
easat-10654	152	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	152	26	asynchronous	asynchronous	ADJ
easat-10654	152	27	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	152	28	[	[	X
easat-10654	152	29	34	34	NUM
easat-10654	152	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	152	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	1	s	s	PART
easat-10654	153	2	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	153	3	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	153	4	applies	apply	VERB
easat-10654	153	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	153	6	plan	plan	NOUN
easat-10654	153	7	–	–	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	8	do	do	AUX
easat-10654	153	9	–	–	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	10	check	check	NOUN
easat-10654	153	11	–	–	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	12	act	act	NOUN
easat-10654	153	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	14	pdca	pdca	ADJ
easat-10654	153	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	16	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-10654	153	17	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-10654	153	18	cycle	cycle	NOUN
easat-10654	153	19	[	[	X
easat-10654	153	20	35	35	NUM
easat-10654	153	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	22	across	across	ADP
easat-10654	153	23	the	the	DET
easat-10654	153	24	system	system	NOUN
easat-10654	153	25	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	153	26	life	life	NOUN
easat-10654	153	27	cycle	cycle	NOUN
easat-10654	153	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	29	sdlc	sdlc	PROPN
easat-10654	153	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	32	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-10654	153	33	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	153	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	35	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-10654	153	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	153	37	rubric	rubric	NOUN
easat-10654	153	38	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	153	39	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	153	40	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-10654	153	41	to	to	PART
easat-10654	153	42	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-10654	153	43	fairness	fairness	NOUN
easat-10654	153	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	153	45	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-10654	153	46	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	153	47	assessing	assess	VERB
easat-10654	153	48	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-10654	153	49	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	153	50	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	153	51	work	work	NOUN
easat-10654	153	52	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-10654	153	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	154	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
easat-10654	154	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	154	3	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-10654	154	4	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	154	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	154	6	quasi	quasi	ADJ
easat-10654	154	7	-	-	ADJ
easat-10654	154	8	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	154	9	results	result	NOUN
easat-10654	154	10	4.2.1	4.2.1	NUM
easat-10654	154	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	155	1	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-10654	155	2	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-10654	155	3	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	155	4	4	4	NUM
easat-10654	155	5	details	detail	NOUN
easat-10654	155	6	the	the	DET
easat-10654	155	7	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	155	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	155	9	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	155	10	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10654	155	11	'	'	PART
easat-10654	155	12	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	155	13	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	155	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	155	15	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	155	16	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	155	17	scores	score	NOUN
easat-10654	155	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	155	19	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	155	20	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	155	21	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	155	22	the	the	DET
easat-10654	155	23	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	155	24	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	155	25	taught	teach	VERB
easat-10654	155	26	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	155	27	the	the	DET
easat-10654	155	28	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	155	29	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	155	30	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	155	31	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-10654	155	32	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	155	33	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-10654	155	34	scores	score	NOUN
easat-10654	155	35	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	155	36	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	155	37	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	155	38	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	155	39	78.56	78.56	NUM
easat-10654	155	40	vs.	vs.	X
easat-10654	155	41	66.92	66.92	NUM
easat-10654	155	42	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	155	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	155	44	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	155	45	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	155	46	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	155	47	82.35	82.35	NUM
easat-10654	155	48	vs.	vs.	X
easat-10654	155	49	56.01	56.01	NUM
easat-10654	155	50	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	155	51	compared	compare	VERB
easat-10654	155	52	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	155	53	the	the	DET
easat-10654	155	54	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	155	55	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	155	56	taught	teach	VERB
easat-10654	155	57	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	155	58	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	155	59	methods	method	NOUN
easat-10654	155	60	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	156	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	156	2	4	4	NUM
easat-10654	156	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	156	4	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	156	5	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	156	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	156	7	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	156	8	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	156	9	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-10654	156	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	156	11	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-10654	156	12	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-10654	156	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	156	14	sd	sd	NOUN
easat-10654	156	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	156	16	scores	score	NOUN
easat-10654	156	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	157	1	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	157	2	n	n	CCONJ
easat-10654	157	3	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	157	4	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	157	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	157	6	max=100	max=100	PROPN
easat-10654	157	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	157	8	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	157	9	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	157	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	157	11	max=100	max=100	NOUN
easat-10654	157	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	157	13	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-10654	157	14	sd	sd	PART
easat-10654	157	15	mean	mean	VERB
easat-10654	157	16	sd	sd	ADP
easat-10654	157	17	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	157	18	60	60	NUM
easat-10654	157	19	78.56	78.56	NUM
easat-10654	157	20	10.37	10.37	NUM
easat-10654	157	21	82.35	82.35	NUM
easat-10654	157	22	14.42	14.42	NUM
easat-10654	157	23	control	control	NOUN
easat-10654	157	24	59	59	NUM
easat-10654	157	25	66.92	66.92	NUM
easat-10654	157	26	10.53	10.53	NUM
easat-10654	157	27	56.01	56.01	NUM
easat-10654	157	28	21.08	21.08	NUM
easat-10654	157	29	note	note	NOUN
easat-10654	157	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	158	1	n	n	NOUN
easat-10654	158	2	=	=	NOUN
easat-10654	158	3	number	number	NOUN
easat-10654	158	4	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	158	5	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-10654	158	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	158	7	m	m	VERB
easat-10654	158	8	=	=	NOUN
easat-10654	158	9	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-10654	158	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	158	11	sd	sd	NOUN
easat-10654	158	12	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	158	13	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-10654	158	14	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-10654	158	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	159	1	4.2.2	4.2.2	X
easat-10654	159	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	159	3	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
easat-10654	159	4	assumption	assumption	NOUN
easat-10654	159	5	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-10654	159	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	159	7	manova	manova	PROPN
easat-10654	159	8	before	before	ADP
easat-10654	159	9	conducting	conduct	VERB
easat-10654	159	10	the	the	DET
easat-10654	159	11	one	one	NUM
easat-10654	159	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	159	13	way	way	NOUN
easat-10654	159	14	manova	manova	PROPN
easat-10654	159	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	159	16	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
easat-10654	159	17	tests	test	NOUN
easat-10654	159	18	were	be	AUX
easat-10654	159	19	performed	perform	VERB
easat-10654	159	20	to	to	PART
easat-10654	159	21	verify	verify	VERB
easat-10654	159	22	the	the	DET
easat-10654	159	23	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-10654	159	24	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
easat-10654	159	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	159	26	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10654	159	27	shown	show	VERB
easat-10654	159	28	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	159	29	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	159	30	5	5	NUM
easat-10654	159	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	159	32	bartlett	bartlett	PROPN
easat-10654	159	33	's	's	PART
easat-10654	159	34	test	test	NOUN
easat-10654	159	35	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	159	36	sphericity	sphericity	NOUN
easat-10654	159	37	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	159	38	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10654	159	39	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	159	40	p	p	X
easat-10654	159	41	<	<	X
easat-10654	159	42	.05	.05	NUM
easat-10654	159	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	159	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	159	45	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-10654	159	46	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	159	47	the	the	DET
easat-10654	159	48	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-10654	159	49	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-10654	159	50	are	be	AUX
easat-10654	159	51	correlated	correlate	VERB
easat-10654	159	52	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	159	53	suitable	suitable	ADJ
easat-10654	159	54	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	159	55	manova	manova	PROPN
easat-10654	160	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	160	2	36	36	NUM
easat-10654	160	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	160	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	161	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	161	2	ppmcc	ppmcc	NOUN
easat-10654	161	3	between	between	ADP
easat-10654	161	4	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	161	5	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	161	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	161	7	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	161	8	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	161	9	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	161	10	r	r	NOUN
easat-10654	161	11	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	161	12	0.66	0.66	NUM
easat-10654	161	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	161	14	falling	fall	VERB
easat-10654	161	15	within	within	ADP
easat-10654	161	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	161	17	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ
easat-10654	161	18	range	range	NOUN
easat-10654	161	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	161	20	0.20	0.20	NUM
easat-10654	161	21	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	161	22	0.80	0.80	NUM
easat-10654	161	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	161	24	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-10654	161	25	a	a	DET
easat-10654	161	26	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-10654	161	27	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-10654	161	28	without	without	ADP
easat-10654	161	29	multicollinearity	multicollinearity	NOUN
easat-10654	161	30	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-10654	161	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	162	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	162	2	5	5	NUM
easat-10654	162	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	163	1	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-10654	163	2	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	163	3	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
easat-10654	163	4	examination	examination	NOUN
easat-10654	163	5	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	163	6	manova	manova	PROPN
easat-10654	163	7	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
easat-10654	163	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	164	1	test	test	NOUN
easat-10654	164	2	statistics	statistics	PROPN
easat-10654	164	3	test	test	NOUN
easat-10654	164	4	results	result	VERB
easat-10654	164	5	multicollinearity	multicollinearity	NOUN
easat-10654	164	6	bartlett	bartlett	NOUN
easat-10654	164	7	's	's	PART
easat-10654	164	8	test	test	NOUN
easat-10654	164	9	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	164	10	sphericity	sphericity	PROPN
easat-10654	164	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	164	12	sig	sig	NOUN
easat-10654	164	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	165	1	<	<	X
easat-10654	165	2	0.05	0.05	NUM
easat-10654	165	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	165	4	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
easat-10654	165	5	ratio	ratio	NOUN
easat-10654	165	6	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10654	165	7	0.00	0.00	NUM
easat-10654	165	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	165	9	approx	approx	PROPN
easat-10654	165	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	166	1	chisquare	chisquare	PROPN
easat-10654	166	2	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10654	167	1	69.95	69.95	NUM
easat-10654	167	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	167	3	df	df	PROPN
easat-10654	167	4	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	167	5	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	167	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	167	7	sig	sig	NOUN
easat-10654	167	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	168	1	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10654	169	1	0.00	0.00	NUM
easat-10654	169	2	*	*	PUNCT
easat-10654	169	3	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-10654	169	4	between	between	ADP
easat-10654	169	5	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-10654	169	6	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-10654	169	7	pearson	pearson	NOUN
easat-10654	169	8	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-10654	169	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	169	10	0.20	0.20	NUM
easat-10654	169	11	≤	≤	NOUN
easat-10654	169	12	r	r	NOUN
easat-10654	169	13	≥	≥	NUM
easat-10654	169	14	0.80	0.80	NUM
easat-10654	169	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	169	16	r	r	NOUN
easat-10654	169	17	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	169	18	0.66	0.66	NUM
easat-10654	169	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	169	20	sig	sig	NOUN
easat-10654	169	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	170	1	<	<	X
easat-10654	171	1	0.00	0.00	NUM
easat-10654	171	2	4.2.3	4.2.3	NUM
easat-10654	171	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	1	one	one	NUM
easat-10654	172	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	3	way	way	NOUN
easat-10654	172	4	manova	manova	PROPN
easat-10654	172	5	results	result	NOUN
easat-10654	172	6	table	table	VERB
easat-10654	172	7	6	6	NUM
easat-10654	172	8	’s	’s	NOUN
easat-10654	172	9	one	one	NUM
easat-10654	172	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	11	way	way	NOUN
easat-10654	172	12	manova	manova	PROPN
easat-10654	172	13	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-10654	172	14	a	a	DET
easat-10654	172	15	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-10654	172	16	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10654	172	17	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-10654	172	18	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-10654	172	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	172	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	172	21	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	172	22	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	172	23	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	172	24	the	the	DET
easat-10654	172	25	combined	combine	VERB
easat-10654	172	26	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-10654	172	27	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-10654	172	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	29	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	172	30	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	172	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	172	32	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	172	33	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	172	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	36	wilks	wilks	PROPN
easat-10654	172	37	'	'	PART
easat-10654	172	38	lambda	lambda	NOUN
easat-10654	172	39	=	=	NUM
easat-10654	172	40	0.631	0.631	NUM
easat-10654	172	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	42	f(2	f(2	PROPN
easat-10654	172	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	44	116	116	NUM
easat-10654	172	45	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	46	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	172	47	33.961	33.961	NUM
easat-10654	172	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	49	p	p	X
easat-10654	172	50	<	<	X
easat-10654	172	51	.001	.001	NUM
easat-10654	172	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	172	53	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-10654	172	54	η²	η²	PROPN
easat-10654	172	55	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	172	56	0.369	0.369	NUM
easat-10654	172	57	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	173	1	1265	1265	NUM
easat-10654	173	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	173	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	173	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	173	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	173	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	173	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	173	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	173	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	173	10	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	173	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	173	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	173	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	174	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	174	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	174	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	174	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	174	6	:	:	SYM
easat-10654	174	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	174	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	174	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	174	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	174	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	174	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10654	174	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	174	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	174	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	174	16	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	174	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	174	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	174	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	174	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	174	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	174	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	174	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	174	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	174	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10654	174	26	table	table	NOUN
easat-10654	174	27	6	6	NUM
easat-10654	174	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	175	1	multivariate	multivariate	NOUN
easat-10654	175	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10654	175	3	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	175	4	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-10654	175	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	175	6	manova	manova	PROPN
easat-10654	175	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	175	8	results	result	NOUN
easat-10654	175	9	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	175	10	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	175	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10654	175	12	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-10654	175	13	value	value	NOUN
easat-10654	175	14	f	f	PROPN
easat-10654	175	15	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-10654	175	16	df	df	PROPN
easat-10654	175	17	error	error	NOUN
easat-10654	175	18	df	df	PROPN
easat-10654	175	19	sig	sig	PROPN
easat-10654	175	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	176	1	partial	partial	PROPN
easat-10654	176	2	η²	η²	PROPN
easat-10654	176	3	intercept	intercept	PROPN
easat-10654	176	4	wilks	wilk	NOUN
easat-10654	176	5	'	'	PART
easat-10654	176	6	lambda	lambda	NOUN
easat-10654	176	7	0.020	0.020	NUM
easat-10654	176	8	2862.703	2862.703	NUM
easat-10654	176	9	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	176	10	116	116	NUM
easat-10654	176	11	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-10654	176	12	group	group	NOUN
easat-10654	176	13	wilks	wilks	PROPN
easat-10654	176	14	'	'	PART
easat-10654	176	15	lambda	lambda	NOUN
easat-10654	176	16	0.631	0.631	NUM
easat-10654	176	17	33.961	33.961	NUM
easat-10654	176	18	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	176	19	116	116	NUM
easat-10654	176	20	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-10654	176	21	follow	follow	NOUN
easat-10654	176	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	176	23	up	up	ADP
easat-10654	176	24	univariate	univariate	ADJ
easat-10654	176	25	anovas	anovas	NOUN
easat-10654	176	26	showed	show	VERB
easat-10654	176	27	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10654	176	28	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-10654	176	29	between	between	ADP
easat-10654	176	30	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10654	176	31	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	176	32	both	both	CCONJ
easat-10654	176	33	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-10654	176	34	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-10654	176	35	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	176	36	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	176	37	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	176	38	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	176	39	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	176	40	f(1	f(1	PROPN
easat-10654	176	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	176	42	117	117	NUM
easat-10654	176	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	176	44	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	177	1	36.934	36.934	NUM
easat-10654	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	177	3	p	p	X
easat-10654	177	4	<	<	X
easat-10654	177	5	.001	.001	NUM
easat-10654	177	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	177	7	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-10654	177	8	η²	η²	PROPN
easat-10654	177	9	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	177	10	0.240	0.240	NUM
easat-10654	177	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	177	12	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	177	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	177	14	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	177	15	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	177	16	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	177	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	177	18	f(1	f(1	PROPN
easat-10654	177	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	177	20	117	117	NUM
easat-10654	177	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	177	22	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	178	1	63.460	63.460	NUM
easat-10654	178	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	178	3	p	p	X
easat-10654	178	4	<	<	X
easat-10654	178	5	.001	.001	NUM
easat-10654	178	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	178	7	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-10654	178	8	η²	η²	PROPN
easat-10654	178	9	=	=	PUNCT
easat-10654	178	10	0.352	0.352	NUM
easat-10654	178	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	178	12	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	178	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	178	14	the	the	DET
easat-10654	178	15	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-10654	178	16	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-10654	178	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	178	18	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-10654	178	19	η²	η²	NOUN
easat-10654	178	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	178	21	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-10654	178	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	178	23	the	the	DET
easat-10654	178	24	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-10654	178	25	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	178	26	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	178	27	accounted	account	VERB
easat-10654	178	28	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	178	29	24.0	24.0	NUM
easat-10654	178	30	%	%	NOUN
easat-10654	178	31	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	178	32	the	the	DET
easat-10654	178	33	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-10654	178	34	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	178	35	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	178	36	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	178	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	178	38	35.2	35.2	NUM
easat-10654	178	39	%	%	NOUN
easat-10654	178	40	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	178	41	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	178	42	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	178	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	178	44	representing	represent	VERB
easat-10654	178	45	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10654	178	46	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10654	178	47	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-10654	178	48	according	accord	VERB
easat-10654	178	49	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	178	50	cohen	cohen	PROPN
easat-10654	178	51	's	's	PART
easat-10654	178	52	conventions	convention	NOUN
easat-10654	178	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	179	1	these	these	DET
easat-10654	179	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-10654	179	3	provide	provide	VERB
easat-10654	179	4	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-10654	179	5	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-10654	179	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-10654	179	7	supporting	support	VERB
easat-10654	179	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	179	9	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	179	10	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-10654	179	11	that	that	PRON
easat-10654	179	12	the	the	DET
easat-10654	179	13	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	179	14	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	179	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	179	16	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	179	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	179	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	179	19	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-10654	179	20	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	179	21	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	179	22	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	179	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	179	24	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	179	25	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	179	26	compared	compare	VERB
easat-10654	179	27	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	179	28	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	179	29	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-10654	179	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	180	1	5	5	X
easat-10654	180	2	.	.	X
easat-10654	180	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-10654	180	4	this	this	DET
easat-10654	180	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	180	6	developed	develop	VERB
easat-10654	180	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	180	8	empirically	empirically	ADV
easat-10654	180	9	tested	test	VERB
easat-10654	180	10	the	the	DET
easat-10654	180	11	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-10654	180	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	180	13	the	the	DET
easat-10654	180	14	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	180	15	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	180	16	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	180	17	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	180	18	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	180	19	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-10654	180	20	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	180	21	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	180	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	181	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	181	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-10654	181	3	provide	provide	VERB
easat-10654	181	4	compelling	compelling	ADJ
easat-10654	181	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-10654	181	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	181	7	the	the	DET
easat-10654	181	8	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	181	9	's	's	PART
easat-10654	181	10	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-10654	181	11	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	181	12	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	181	13	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	181	14	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	181	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	181	16	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	181	17	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	181	18	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	181	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	182	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	182	2	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	182	3	groups	group	NOUN
easat-10654	182	4	'	'	PART
easat-10654	182	5	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-10654	182	6	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-10654	182	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	182	8	p	p	X
easat-10654	182	9	<	<	X
easat-10654	182	10	.001	.001	NUM
easat-10654	182	11	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	182	12	both	both	DET
easat-10654	182	13	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10654	182	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	182	15	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	182	16	large	large	ADJ
easat-10654	182	17	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-10654	182	18	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-10654	182	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	182	20	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-10654	182	21	η²	η²	PROPN
easat-10654	182	22	=	=	SYM
easat-10654	182	23	0.240	0.240	NUM
easat-10654	182	24	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	182	25	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	182	26	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	182	27	0.352	0.352	NUM
easat-10654	182	28	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	182	29	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	182	30	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	182	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	182	32	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10654	182	33	the	the	DET
easat-10654	182	34	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10654	182	35	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-10654	182	36	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	182	37	the	the	DET
easat-10654	182	38	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	182	39	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	182	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	183	1	these	these	DET
easat-10654	183	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-10654	183	3	align	align	VERB
easat-10654	183	4	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	183	5	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-10654	183	6	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	183	7	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	183	8	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	183	9	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	183	10	[	[	X
easat-10654	183	11	16	16	NUM
easat-10654	183	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	183	13	17	17	NUM
easat-10654	183	14	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	183	15	but	but	CCONJ
easat-10654	183	16	extend	extend	VERB
easat-10654	183	17	them	they	PRON
easat-10654	183	18	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	183	19	providing	provide	VERB
easat-10654	183	20	a	a	DET
easat-10654	183	21	structured	structure	VERB
easat-10654	183	22	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	183	23	tailored	tailor	VERB
easat-10654	183	24	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
easat-10654	183	25	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	183	26	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	183	27	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	184	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	184	2	37	37	NUM
easat-10654	184	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	184	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	185	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	185	2	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	185	3	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	185	4	’s	’s	PART
easat-10654	185	5	success	success	NOUN
easat-10654	185	6	can	can	AUX
easat-10654	185	7	be	be	AUX
easat-10654	185	8	attributed	attribute	VERB
easat-10654	185	9	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	185	10	its	its	PRON
easat-10654	185	11	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-10654	185	12	components	component	NOUN
easat-10654	185	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	186	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	186	2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	186	3	base	base	NOUN
easat-10654	186	4	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	186	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	186	6	k	k	NOUN
easat-10654	186	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	186	8	likely	likely	ADV
easat-10654	186	9	helped	helped	AUX
easat-10654	186	10	bridge	bridge	VERB
easat-10654	186	11	the	the	DET
easat-10654	186	12	zone	zone	NOUN
easat-10654	186	13	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	186	14	proximal	proximal	ADJ
easat-10654	186	15	development	development	NOUN
easat-10654	186	16	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	186	17	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	186	18	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	186	19	varying	vary	VERB
easat-10654	186	20	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
easat-10654	186	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	186	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	187	1	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
easat-10654	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	187	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	187	4	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-10654	187	5	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-10654	187	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	187	7	r	r	NOUN
easat-10654	187	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	187	9	fostered	foster	VERB
easat-10654	187	10	the	the	DET
easat-10654	187	11	self	self	NOUN
easat-10654	187	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	187	13	directed	direct	VERB
easat-10654	187	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	187	15	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10654	187	16	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	187	17	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	187	18	success	success	NOUN
easat-10654	187	19	[	[	X
easat-10654	187	20	38	38	NUM
easat-10654	187	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	187	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	188	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	188	2	interconnectedness	interconnectedness	NOUN
easat-10654	188	3	element	element	NOUN
easat-10654	188	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	188	5	i	i	NOUN
easat-10654	188	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	188	7	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
easat-10654	188	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	188	9	social	social	ADJ
easat-10654	188	10	constructivist	constructivist	NOUN
easat-10654	188	11	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	188	12	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-10654	188	13	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-10654	188	14	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	188	15	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-10654	188	16	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	188	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	188	18	solving	solving	NOUN
easat-10654	188	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	188	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	188	21	the	the	DET
easat-10654	188	22	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	188	23	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	188	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	188	25	s	s	X
easat-10654	188	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	188	27	provided	provide	VERB
easat-10654	188	28	the	the	DET
easat-10654	188	29	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-10654	188	30	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10654	188	31	needed	need	VERB
easat-10654	188	32	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	188	33	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	188	34	design	design	NOUN
easat-10654	188	35	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-10654	188	36	within	within	ADP
easat-10654	188	37	the	the	DET
easat-10654	188	38	sdlc	sdlc	PROPN
easat-10654	188	39	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	188	40	[	[	X
easat-10654	188	41	3	3	NUM
easat-10654	188	42	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	188	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	189	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	189	2	substantially	substantially	ADV
easat-10654	189	3	larger	large	ADJ
easat-10654	189	4	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-10654	189	5	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	189	6	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	189	7	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	189	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	189	9	35.2	35.2	NUM
easat-10654	189	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-10654	189	11	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	189	12	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-10654	189	13	explained	explain	VERB
easat-10654	189	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	189	15	compared	compare	VERB
easat-10654	189	16	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	189	17	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	189	18	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	189	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	189	20	24.0	24.0	NUM
easat-10654	189	21	%	%	NOUN
easat-10654	189	22	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	189	23	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-10654	189	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	189	25	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-10654	189	26	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	189	27	the	the	DET
easat-10654	189	28	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	189	29	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	189	30	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-10654	189	31	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-10654	189	32	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	189	33	developing	develop	VERB
easat-10654	189	34	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	189	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	189	36	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	189	37	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	189	38	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	189	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	190	1	this	this	PRON
easat-10654	190	2	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	190	3	especially	especially	ADV
easat-10654	190	4	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-10654	190	5	given	give	VERB
easat-10654	190	6	the	the	DET
easat-10654	190	7	identified	identify	VERB
easat-10654	190	8	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-10654	190	9	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	190	10	thai	thai	PROPN
easat-10654	190	11	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	190	12	'	'	PART
easat-10654	190	13	hots	hot	NOUN
easat-10654	190	14	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-10654	190	15	[	[	X
easat-10654	190	16	39	39	NUM
easat-10654	190	17	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	190	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	190	19	aligns	align	VERB
easat-10654	190	20	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	190	21	national	national	ADJ
easat-10654	190	22	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-10654	190	23	priorities	priority	NOUN
easat-10654	190	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	191	1	these	these	DET
easat-10654	191	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-10654	191	3	have	have	VERB
easat-10654	191	4	important	important	ADJ
easat-10654	191	5	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-10654	191	6	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	191	7	addressing	address	VERB
easat-10654	191	8	the	the	DET
easat-10654	191	9	global	global	ADJ
easat-10654	191	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-10654	191	11	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	191	12	shortage	shortage	NOUN
easat-10654	191	13	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	191	14	roles	role	NOUN
easat-10654	191	15	requiring	require	VERB
easat-10654	191	16	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-10654	191	17	analytical	analytical	ADJ
easat-10654	191	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	191	19	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	191	20	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	191	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	191	22	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	191	23	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-10654	191	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	191	25	as	as	ADV
easat-10654	191	26	well	well	ADV
easat-10654	191	27	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	191	28	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-10654	191	29	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	191	30	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	191	31	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-10654	191	32	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	191	33	careers	career	NOUN
easat-10654	191	34	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	191	35	data	datum	NOUN
easat-10654	191	36	engineers	engineer	NOUN
easat-10654	191	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	191	38	system	system	NOUN
easat-10654	191	39	analysts	analyst	NOUN
easat-10654	191	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	192	1	6	6	X
easat-10654	192	2	.	.	X
easat-10654	192	3	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
easat-10654	192	4	this	this	DET
easat-10654	192	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	192	6	successfully	successfully	ADV
easat-10654	192	7	developed	develop	VERB
easat-10654	192	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	192	9	validated	validate	VERB
easat-10654	192	10	the	the	DET
easat-10654	192	11	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	192	12	scaffolded	scaffolded	PROPN
easat-10654	192	13	pbl	pbl	PROPN
easat-10654	192	14	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	192	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	192	16	comprising	comprise	VERB
easat-10654	192	17	four	four	NUM
easat-10654	192	18	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-10654	192	19	components	component	NOUN
easat-10654	192	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	192	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	192	22	base	base	NOUN
easat-10654	192	23	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	192	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	192	25	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-10654	192	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	192	27	interconnectedness	interconnectedness	NOUN
easat-10654	192	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	192	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	192	30	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	192	31	process	process	NOUN
easat-10654	192	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	193	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	193	2	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-10654	193	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-10654	193	4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-10654	193	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	193	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	193	7	1	1	X
easat-10654	193	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	193	9	compared	compare	VERB
easat-10654	193	10	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	193	11	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-10654	193	12	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-10654	193	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	193	14	the	the	DET
easat-10654	193	15	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	193	16	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	193	17	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-10654	193	18	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	193	19	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	193	20	'	'	PART
easat-10654	193	21	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	193	22	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	193	23	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	193	24	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	193	25	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	193	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	194	1	2	2	X
easat-10654	194	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	194	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	194	4	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	194	5	produces	produce	VERB
easat-10654	194	6	even	even	ADV
easat-10654	194	7	greater	great	ADJ
easat-10654	194	8	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-10654	194	9	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	194	10	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	194	11	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	194	12	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-10654	194	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	194	14	which	which	PRON
easat-10654	194	15	are	be	AUX
easat-10654	194	16	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-10654	194	17	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	194	18	success	success	NOUN
easat-10654	194	19	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	194	20	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-10654	194	21	ict	ict	NOUN
easat-10654	194	22	roles	role	NOUN
easat-10654	194	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	195	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	195	2	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	195	3	model	model	PROPN
easat-10654	195	4	provides	provide	VERB
easat-10654	195	5	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-10654	195	6	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	195	7	an	an	DET
easat-10654	195	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-10654	195	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	195	10	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	195	11	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	195	12	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	195	13	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-10654	195	14	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	195	15	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	195	16	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	195	17	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-10654	195	18	courses	course	NOUN
easat-10654	195	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	195	20	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-10654	195	21	those	those	PRON
easat-10654	195	22	requiring	require	VERB
easat-10654	195	23	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-10654	195	24	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	195	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	195	26	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	195	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	195	28	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	195	29	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10654	195	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	196	1	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	196	2	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-10654	196	3	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-10654	196	4	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	196	5	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	196	6	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-10654	196	7	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	196	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	196	9	solving	solving	NOUN
easat-10654	196	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	196	11	the	the	DET
easat-10654	196	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	196	13	addresses	address	VERB
easat-10654	196	14	1266	1266	NUM
easat-10654	196	15	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	196	16	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	196	17	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	196	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	196	19	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	196	20	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	196	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	196	22	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	196	23	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	196	24	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	196	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	196	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	197	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	197	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	197	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	197	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	197	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	197	6	:	:	SYM
easat-10654	197	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	197	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	197	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	197	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	197	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	197	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10654	197	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	197	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	197	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	197	16	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	197	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	197	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	197	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	197	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	197	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	197	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	197	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	197	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	197	25	gate	gate	VERB
easat-10654	197	26	common	common	ADJ
easat-10654	197	27	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-10654	197	28	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	197	29	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	197	30	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	197	31	while	while	SCONJ
easat-10654	197	32	developing	develop	VERB
easat-10654	197	33	the	the	DET
easat-10654	197	34	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	197	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	197	36	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	197	37	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	197	38	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	197	39	demanded	demand	VERB
easat-10654	197	40	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	197	41	the	the	DET
easat-10654	197	42	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-10654	197	43	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-10654	197	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	198	1	this	this	DET
easat-10654	198	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	198	3	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	198	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-10654	198	5	within	within	ADP
easat-10654	198	6	a	a	DET
easat-10654	198	7	single	single	ADJ
easat-10654	198	8	university	university	NOUN
easat-10654	198	9	context	context	NOUN
easat-10654	198	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	198	11	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-10654	198	12	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	198	13	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	198	14	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	198	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	199	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-10654	199	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	199	3	should	should	AUX
easat-10654	199	4	examine	examine	VERB
easat-10654	199	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	199	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	199	7	's	's	PART
easat-10654	199	8	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-10654	199	9	across	across	ADP
easat-10654	199	10	different	different	ADJ
easat-10654	199	11	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-10654	199	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	199	13	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-10654	199	14	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-10654	199	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	199	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	199	17	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-10654	199	18	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
easat-10654	199	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	200	1	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
easat-10654	200	2	studies	study	NOUN
easat-10654	200	3	tracking	track	VERB
easat-10654	200	4	the	the	DET
easat-10654	200	5	retention	retention	NOUN
easat-10654	200	6	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	200	7	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	200	8	gains	gain	NOUN
easat-10654	200	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	200	10	career	career	NOUN
easat-10654	200	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10654	200	12	would	would	AUX
easat-10654	200	13	also	also	ADV
easat-10654	200	14	be	be	AUX
easat-10654	200	15	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-10654	200	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	201	1	7	7	X
easat-10654	201	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	201	3	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10654	201	4	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-10654	201	5	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-10654	201	6	should	should	AUX
easat-10654	201	7	consider	consider	VERB
easat-10654	201	8	adopting	adopt	VERB
easat-10654	201	9	scaffolded	scaffold	VERB
easat-10654	201	10	pbl	pbl	NOUN
easat-10654	201	11	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-10654	201	12	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	201	13	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-10654	201	14	courses	course	NOUN
easat-10654	201	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	201	16	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-10654	201	17	adequate	adequate	ADJ
easat-10654	201	18	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	201	19	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	201	20	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-10654	201	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	201	22	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-10654	201	23	processes	process	NOUN
easat-10654	201	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	202	1	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-10654	202	2	designers	designer	NOUN
easat-10654	202	3	can	can	AUX
easat-10654	202	4	use	use	VERB
easat-10654	202	5	the	the	DET
easat-10654	202	6	kris	kris	PROPN
easat-10654	202	7	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	202	8	to	to	PART
easat-10654	202	9	develop	develop	VERB
easat-10654	202	10	more	more	ADV
easat-10654	202	11	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-10654	202	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	202	13	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-10654	202	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	202	15	bridging	bridge	VERB
easat-10654	202	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	202	17	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-10654	202	18	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-10654	202	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	202	20	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-10654	202	21	application	application	NOUN
easat-10654	202	22	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-10654	202	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	203	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-10654	203	2	review	review	PROPN
easat-10654	203	3	board	board	NOUN
easat-10654	203	4	statement	statement	NOUN
easat-10654	203	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	203	6	this	this	DET
easat-10654	203	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	203	8	involved	involve	VERB
easat-10654	203	9	human	human	ADJ
easat-10654	203	10	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-10654	203	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	203	12	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	203	13	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-10654	203	14	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	203	15	accordance	accordance	NOUN
easat-10654	203	16	with	with	ADP
easat-10654	203	17	the	the	DET
easat-10654	203	18	declaration	declaration	NOUN
easat-10654	203	19	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	203	20	helsinki	helsinki	PROPN
easat-10654	203	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	203	22	revised	revise	VERB
easat-10654	203	23	2013	2013	NUM
easat-10654	203	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	203	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	204	1	all	all	DET
easat-10654	204	2	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-10654	204	3	provided	provide	VERB
easat-10654	204	4	informed	informed	ADJ
easat-10654	204	5	consent	consent	NOUN
easat-10654	204	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	205	1	the	the	DET
easat-10654	205	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	205	3	protocol	protocol	NOUN
easat-10654	205	4	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	205	5	exempt	exempt	ADJ
easat-10654	205	6	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	205	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-10654	205	8	ethics	ethic	NOUN
easat-10654	205	9	review	review	NOUN
easat-10654	205	10	under	under	ADP
easat-10654	205	11	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-10654	205	12	’s	’s	PART
easat-10654	205	13	tsri	tsri	PROPN
easat-10654	205	14	guidance	guidance	NOUN
easat-10654	205	15	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	205	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	206	1	3(3	3(3	NUM
easat-10654	206	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	207	1	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	207	2	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10654	207	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	207	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	207	5	was	be	AUX
easat-10654	207	6	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-10654	207	7	anonymously	anonymously	ADV
easat-10654	207	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	207	9	did	do	AUX
easat-10654	207	10	not	not	PART
easat-10654	207	11	collect	collect	VERB
easat-10654	207	12	identifiable	identifiable	ADJ
easat-10654	207	13	information	information	NOUN
easat-10654	207	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	207	15	involved	involve	VERB
easat-10654	207	16	no	no	DET
easat-10654	207	17	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-10654	207	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	207	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	207	20	posed	pose	VERB
easat-10654	207	21	no	no	DET
easat-10654	207	22	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-10654	207	23	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	207	24	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-10654	207	25	'	'	PART
easat-10654	207	26	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-10654	207	27	or	or	CCONJ
easat-10654	207	28	mental	mental	ADJ
easat-10654	207	29	integrity	integrity	NOUN
easat-10654	207	30	[	[	X
easat-10654	207	31	40	40	NUM
easat-10654	207	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	207	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	208	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-10654	208	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	208	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	208	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	208	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-10654	208	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	208	7	the	the	DET
easat-10654	208	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-10654	208	9	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	208	10	an	an	DET
easat-10654	208	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-10654	208	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	208	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-10654	208	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	208	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	208	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-10654	208	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-10654	208	18	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	208	19	the	the	DET
easat-10654	208	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	208	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	208	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	208	23	no	no	DET
easat-10654	208	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-10654	208	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-10654	208	26	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	208	27	the	the	DET
easat-10654	208	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	208	29	have	have	AUX
easat-10654	208	30	been	be	AUX
easat-10654	208	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-10654	208	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	208	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	208	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-10654	208	35	any	any	DET
easat-10654	208	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-10654	208	37	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	208	38	the	the	DET
easat-10654	208	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	208	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-10654	208	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-10654	208	42	have	have	AUX
easat-10654	208	43	been	be	AUX
easat-10654	208	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-10654	208	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	209	1	this	this	DET
easat-10654	209	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-10654	209	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-10654	209	4	all	all	DET
easat-10654	209	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-10654	209	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-10654	209	7	during	during	ADP
easat-10654	209	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-10654	209	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	210	1	acknowledgments	acknowledgment	NOUN
easat-10654	210	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	210	3	the	the	DET
easat-10654	210	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	210	5	would	would	AUX
easat-10654	210	6	like	like	VERB
easat-10654	210	7	to	to	PART
easat-10654	210	8	thank	thank	VERB
easat-10654	210	9	ajarn	ajarn	VERB
easat-10654	210	10	charlie	charlie	NOUN
easat-10654	210	11	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	210	12	his	his	PRON
easat-10654	210	13	thai	thai	NOUN
easat-10654	210	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	210	15	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	210	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	210	17	english	english	ADJ
easat-10654	210	18	translation	translation	NOUN
easat-10654	210	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	210	20	english	english	ADJ
easat-10654	210	21	language	language	NOUN
easat-10654	210	22	editing	edit	VERB
easat-10654	210	23	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	210	24	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	210	25	the	the	DET
easat-10654	210	26	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN
easat-10654	210	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	211	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-10654	211	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	211	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	211	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	211	5	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	211	6	the	the	DET
easat-10654	211	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	211	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	212	1	this	this	DET
easat-10654	212	2	article	article	NOUN
easat-10654	212	3	is	be	AUX
easat-10654	212	4	an	an	DET
easat-10654	212	5	open	open	ADJ
easat-10654	212	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	212	7	access	access	NOUN
easat-10654	212	8	article	article	NOUN
easat-10654	212	9	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-10654	212	10	under	under	ADP
easat-10654	212	11	the	the	DET
easat-10654	212	12	terms	term	NOUN
easat-10654	212	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	212	14	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-10654	212	15	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	212	16	the	the	DET
easat-10654	212	17	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-10654	212	18	commons	common	NOUN
easat-10654	212	19	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-10654	212	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	212	21	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-10654	212	22	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	212	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	212	24	license	license	NOUN
easat-10654	212	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	212	26	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-10654	212	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	212	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	213	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-10654	213	2	[	[	X
easat-10654	213	3	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	213	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	213	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-10654	213	6	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-10654	213	7	kumar	kumar	PROPN
easat-10654	213	8	et	et	PROPN
easat-10654	213	9	al	al	PROPN
easat-10654	213	10	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	213	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	213	12	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-10654	213	13	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	213	14	curricula	curricula	VERB
easat-10654	213	15	2023	2023	NUM
easat-10654	213	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	214	1	new	new	PROPN
easat-10654	214	2	york	york	PROPN
easat-10654	214	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	214	4	acm	acm	PROPN
easat-10654	214	5	press	press	NOUN
easat-10654	214	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	214	7	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-10654	214	8	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-10654	214	9	society	society	PROPN
easat-10654	214	10	press	press	NOUN
easat-10654	214	11	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	214	12	aaai	aaai	PROPN
easat-10654	214	13	press	press	PROPN
easat-10654	214	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	214	15	2023	2023	NUM
easat-10654	214	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	215	2	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	215	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-10654	215	5	mahmood	mahmood	PROPN
easat-10654	215	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	7	x.	x.	PROPN
easat-10654	215	8	huang	huang	PROPN
easat-10654	215	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	215	11	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-10654	215	12	rehman	rehman	PROPN
easat-10654	215	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	15	stem	stem	VERB
easat-10654	215	16	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	215	17	as	as	ADP
easat-10654	215	18	a	a	DET
easat-10654	215	19	catalyst	catalyst	NOUN
easat-10654	215	20	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	215	21	career	career	NOUN
easat-10654	215	22	aspirations	aspiration	NOUN
easat-10654	215	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	215	24	21st‐century	21st‐century	NUM
easat-10654	215	25	competences	competence	NOUN
easat-10654	215	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	27	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-10654	215	28	from	from	ADP
easat-10654	215	29	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-10654	215	30	'	'	PART
easat-10654	215	31	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-10654	215	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	34	school	school	NOUN
easat-10654	215	35	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	215	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	215	37	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
easat-10654	215	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	215	39	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	215	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	216	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.18381	https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.18381	VERB
easat-10654	216	2	[	[	X
easat-10654	216	3	3	3	NUM
easat-10654	216	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	216	5	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-10654	216	6	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10654	216	7	pressman	pressman	PROPN
easat-10654	216	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	216	9	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-10654	216	10	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-10654	216	11	maxim	maxim	NOUN
easat-10654	216	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	216	13	software	software	NOUN
easat-10654	216	14	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10654	216	15	—	—	PUNCT
easat-10654	216	16	a	a	DET
easat-10654	216	17	practitioner	practitioner	NOUN
easat-10654	216	18	's	's	PART
easat-10654	216	19	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10654	216	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	216	21	8th	8th	ADJ
easat-10654	216	22	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-10654	216	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	217	1	london	london	PROPN
easat-10654	217	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	217	3	mcgraw	mcgraw	PROPN
easat-10654	217	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	217	5	hill	hill	NOUN
easat-10654	217	6	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	217	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	217	8	2015	2015	NUM
easat-10654	217	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	218	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	218	2	4	4	NUM
easat-10654	218	3	]	]	X
easat-10654	218	4	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-10654	218	5	sommerville	sommerville	PROPN
easat-10654	218	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	218	7	software	software	NOUN
easat-10654	218	8	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10654	218	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	218	10	10th	10th	ADJ
easat-10654	218	11	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-10654	218	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	218	13	harlow	harlow	PROPN
easat-10654	218	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	218	15	u.k	u.k	PROPN
easat-10654	218	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	218	17	pearson	pearson	PROPN
easat-10654	218	18	education	education	PROPN
easat-10654	218	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	218	20	2015	2015	NUM
easat-10654	218	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	219	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	219	2	5	5	X
easat-10654	219	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	219	4	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-10654	219	5	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-10654	219	6	date	date	PROPN
easat-10654	219	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	219	8	an	an	DET
easat-10654	219	9	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-10654	219	10	to	to	ADP
easat-10654	219	11	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	219	12	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	219	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	219	14	8th	8th	ADJ
easat-10654	219	15	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-10654	219	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	219	17	boston	boston	PROPN
easat-10654	219	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	219	19	ma	ma	PROPN
easat-10654	219	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	219	21	usa	usa	PROPN
easat-10654	219	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	219	23	pearson	pearson	PROPN
easat-10654	219	24	/	/	SYM
easat-10654	219	25	addison	addison	PROPN
easat-10654	219	26	wesley	wesley	PROPN
easat-10654	219	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	219	28	2004	2004	NUM
easat-10654	219	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	220	2	6	6	NUM
easat-10654	220	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-10654	220	5	silberschatz	silberschatz	PROPN
easat-10654	220	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	7	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-10654	220	8	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-10654	220	9	korth	korth	PROPN
easat-10654	220	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	220	12	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10654	220	13	sudarshan	sudarshan	PROPN
easat-10654	220	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	15	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	220	16	system	system	NOUN
easat-10654	220	17	concepts	concept	NOUN
easat-10654	220	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	19	7th	7th	ADJ
easat-10654	220	20	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-10654	220	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	22	new	new	PROPN
easat-10654	220	23	york	york	PROPN
easat-10654	220	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	25	usa	usa	PROPN
easat-10654	220	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	27	mcgraw	mcgraw	PROPN
easat-10654	220	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	29	hill	hill	NOUN
easat-10654	220	30	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	220	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	220	32	2020	2020	NUM
easat-10654	220	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	221	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	221	2	7	7	X
easat-10654	221	3	]	]	X
easat-10654	221	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-10654	221	5	elmasri	elmasri	PROPN
easat-10654	221	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	221	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10654	221	8	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-10654	221	9	navathe	navathe	PROPN
easat-10654	221	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	221	11	fundamentals	fundamental	NOUN
easat-10654	221	12	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	221	13	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	221	14	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	221	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	221	16	7th	7th	ADJ
easat-10654	221	17	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-10654	221	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	222	1	london	london	PROPN
easat-10654	222	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	222	3	u.k	u.k	PROPN
easat-10654	222	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	222	5	pearson	pearson	PROPN
easat-10654	222	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	222	7	2015	2015	NUM
easat-10654	222	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	223	2	8	8	NUM
easat-10654	223	3	]	]	X
easat-10654	223	4	n.	n.	NOUN
easat-10654	223	5	bagam	bagam	PROPN
easat-10654	223	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10654	223	8	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-10654	223	9	shiramshetty	shiramshetty	PROPN
easat-10654	223	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	11	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-10654	223	12	mothey	mothey	PROPN
easat-10654	223	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	14	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-10654	223	15	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-10654	223	16	kola	kola	PROPN
easat-10654	223	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	18	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10654	223	19	annam	annam	PROPN
easat-10654	223	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	223	22	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10654	223	23	bussa	bussa	PROPN
easat-10654	223	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	26	optimizing	optimize	VERB
easat-10654	223	27	sql	sql	NOUN
easat-10654	223	28	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	223	29	bi	bi	NOUN
easat-10654	223	30	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	223	31	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-10654	223	32	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10654	223	33	fields	field	NOUN
easat-10654	223	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	35	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	36	international	international	ADJ
easat-10654	223	37	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-10654	223	38	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	223	39	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-10654	223	40	networks	network	NOUN
easat-10654	223	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	223	42	information	information	NOUN
easat-10654	223	43	security	security	NOUN
easat-10654	223	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	45	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	223	46	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	223	47	16	16	NUM
easat-10654	223	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	49	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	223	50	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	223	51	5	5	NUM
easat-10654	223	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	53	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	223	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	55	135151	135151	NUM
easat-10654	223	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	223	57	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10654	223	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	224	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	224	2	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	224	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	224	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10654	224	5	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-10654	224	6	jyoti	jyoti	PROPN
easat-10654	224	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	224	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	224	9	a	a	DET
easat-10654	224	10	meta	meta	ADJ
easat-10654	224	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	224	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-10654	224	13	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	224	14	business	business	NOUN
easat-10654	224	15	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-10654	224	16	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-10654	224	17	support	support	NOUN
easat-10654	224	18	systems	system	NOUN
easat-10654	224	19	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	224	20	large	large	ADJ
easat-10654	224	21	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-10654	224	22	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	224	23	sqldriven	sqldriven	VERB
easat-10654	224	24	reporting	reporting	NOUN
easat-10654	224	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	224	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	224	27	asrc	asrc	NOUN
easat-10654	224	28	procedia	procedia	PROPN
easat-10654	224	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	224	30	global	global	ADJ
easat-10654	224	31	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-10654	224	32	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	224	33	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	224	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	224	35	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN
easat-10654	224	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	224	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	224	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	225	1	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	225	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	225	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	225	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	225	5	01	01	NUM
easat-10654	225	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	225	7	pp	pp	NOUN
easat-10654	225	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	226	1	925	925	NUM
easat-10654	226	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	226	3	958	958	NUM
easat-10654	226	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	226	5	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	226	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	227	1	https://doi.org/10.63125/t44ank03	https://doi.org/10.63125/t44ank03	NUM
easat-10654	227	2	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	NOUN
easat-10654	227	3	https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.18381	https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.18381	VERB
easat-10654	227	4	https://doi.org/10.63125/t44ank03	https://doi.org/10.63125/t44ank03	PROPN
easat-10654	227	5	1267	1267	NUM
easat-10654	227	6	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-10654	227	7	applied	apply	VERB
easat-10654	227	8	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	227	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	227	10	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	227	11	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-10654	227	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	227	13	2576	2576	NUM
easat-10654	227	14	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	227	15	8484	8484	NUM
easat-10654	227	16	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	227	17	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	228	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	228	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	228	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	228	5	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	228	6	:	:	SYM
easat-10654	228	7	1258	1258	NUM
easat-10654	228	8	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	228	9	1268	1268	NUM
easat-10654	228	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	228	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	228	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-10654	228	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	228	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-10654	228	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-10654	228	16	8484.v9i10.10654	8484.v9i10.10654	NUM
easat-10654	228	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-10654	228	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	228	19	by	by	ADP
easat-10654	228	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	228	21	authors	author	NOUN
easat-10654	228	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-10654	228	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-10654	228	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	228	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-10654	229	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	229	2	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	229	3	]	]	X
easat-10654	229	4	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-10654	229	5	zhao	zhao	PROPN
easat-10654	229	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	229	7	q.	q.	PROPN
easat-10654	229	8	fu	fu	PROPN
easat-10654	229	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	11	under	under	ADP
easat-10654	229	12	the	the	DET
easat-10654	229	13	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-10654	229	14	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	229	15	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-10654	229	16	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	229	17	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	229	18	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-10654	229	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	229	20	bloom	bloom	NOUN
easat-10654	229	21	's	's	PART
easat-10654	229	22	taxonomy	taxonomy	NOUN
easat-10654	229	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	24	investigating	investigate	VERB
easat-10654	229	25	the	the	DET
easat-10654	229	26	role	role	NOUN
easat-10654	229	27	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	229	28	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-10654	229	29	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-10654	229	30	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	229	31	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-10654	229	32	higher	high	ADJ
easat-10654	229	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	34	order	order	NOUN
easat-10654	229	35	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-10654	229	36	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	229	37	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10654	229	38	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	229	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	40	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	41	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	229	42	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	229	43	7th	7th	ADJ
easat-10654	229	44	international	international	ADJ
easat-10654	229	45	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-10654	229	46	on	on	ADP
easat-10654	229	47	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-10654	229	48	science	science	NOUN
easat-10654	229	49	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	229	50	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	229	51	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	229	52	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	229	53	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	54	cste	cste	NOUN
easat-10654	229	55	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	56	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	57	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	229	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	59	892	892	NUM
easat-10654	229	60	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	229	61	896	896	NUM
easat-10654	229	62	)	)	PUNCT
easat-10654	229	63	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	230	1	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-10654	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	230	3	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	230	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	231	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	231	2	11	11	NUM
easat-10654	231	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	231	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-10654	231	5	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-10654	231	6	doniyor	doniyor	PROPN
easat-10654	231	7	o’g’li	o’g’li	PROPN
easat-10654	231	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	231	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	231	10	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	231	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	231	12	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-10654	231	13	to	to	PART
easat-10654	231	14	increase	increase	VERB
easat-10654	231	15	the	the	DET
easat-10654	231	16	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-10654	231	17	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	231	18	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	231	19	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-10654	231	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	231	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	231	22	european	european	ADJ
easat-10654	231	23	journal	journal	PROPN
easat-10654	231	24	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	231	25	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	231	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	231	27	reflection	reflection	NOUN
easat-10654	231	28	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	231	29	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-10654	231	30	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-10654	231	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	231	32	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	231	33	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	231	34	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	231	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	231	36	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	231	37	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	231	38	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	231	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	231	40	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	231	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	232	1	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	232	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	232	3	15	15	NUM
easat-10654	232	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	232	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-10654	232	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	233	2	12	12	NUM
easat-10654	233	3	]	]	X
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easat-10654	233	5	pimdee	pimdee	PROPN
easat-10654	233	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	7	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-10654	233	8	sukkamart	sukkamart	PROPN
easat-10654	233	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	10	c.	c.	PROPN
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easat-10654	233	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	13	t.	t.	PROPN
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easat-10654	233	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	233	17	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-10654	233	18	leekitchwatana	leekitchwatana	PROPN
easat-10654	233	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	21	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-10654	233	22	thai	thai	ADJ
easat-10654	233	23	student	student	NOUN
easat-10654	233	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	25	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-10654	233	26	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	233	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	28	solving	solve	VERB
easat-10654	233	29	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	233	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	233	31	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-10654	233	32	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-10654	233	33	through	through	ADP
easat-10654	233	34	a	a	DET
easat-10654	233	35	blended	blended	ADJ
easat-10654	233	36	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	233	37	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	38	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	233	39	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	233	40	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-10654	233	41	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	233	42	online	online	ADJ
easat-10654	233	43	flipped	flip	VERB
easat-10654	233	44	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-10654	233	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	46	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	47	heliyon	heliyon	NOUN
easat-10654	233	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	49	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	233	50	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	233	51	10	10	NUM
easat-10654	233	52	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	233	54	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	233	55	7	7	NUM
easat-10654	233	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	57	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10654	233	58	e29172	e29172	NOUN
easat-10654	233	59	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	233	60	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10654	233	61	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	234	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29172	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29172	PRON
easat-10654	234	2	[	[	X
easat-10654	234	3	13	13	NUM
easat-10654	234	4	]	]	X
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easat-10654	234	6	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-10654	234	7	omeh	omeh	PROPN
easat-10654	234	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	234	9	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-10654	234	10	j.	j.	PROPN
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easat-10654	234	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	234	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	234	14	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-10654	234	15	b.	b.	PROPN
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easat-10654	234	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	234	18	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10654	234	20	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	234	21	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-10654	234	22	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-10654	234	23	technology	technology	NOUN
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easat-10654	234	25	students	student	NOUN
easat-10654	234	26	'	'	PART
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easat-10654	234	28	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10654	234	31	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	234	32	a	a	DET
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easat-10654	234	34	programming	programming	NOUN
easat-10654	234	35	course	course	NOUN
easat-10654	234	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	234	37	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	234	38	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-10654	234	39	applications	application	NOUN
easat-10654	234	40	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	234	41	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-10654	234	42	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	234	43	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	234	45	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	235	1	33	33	NUM
easat-10654	235	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	235	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	235	5	3	3	NUM
easat-10654	235	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	235	7	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10654	235	8	e70052	e70052	X
easat-10654	235	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	235	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	235	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	236	1	https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.70052	https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.70052	PRON
easat-10654	237	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	237	2	14	14	NUM
easat-10654	237	3	]	]	X
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easat-10654	237	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	237	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	237	8	vygotsky	vygotsky	NOUN
easat-10654	237	9	’s	’s	PART
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easat-10654	237	15	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-10654	237	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	237	17	learning	learn	VERB
easat-10654	237	18	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	237	19	stem	stem	NOUN
easat-10654	237	20	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	237	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	237	22	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10654	237	24	journal	journal	NOUN
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easat-10654	237	26	engineering	engineering	PROPN
easat-10654	237	27	research	research	PROPN
easat-10654	237	28	&	&	CCONJ
easat-10654	237	29	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-10654	237	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	237	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	237	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	237	33	13	13	NUM
easat-10654	237	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	237	35	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	237	36	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	237	37	8	8	NUM
easat-10654	237	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	237	39	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	237	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	238	1	389	389	NUM
easat-10654	238	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	238	3	94	94	NUM
easat-10654	238	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	238	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10654	238	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	239	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	239	2	15	15	NUM
easat-10654	239	3	]	]	X
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easat-10654	239	7	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10654	239	9	’	'	PUNCT
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easat-10654	239	13	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-10654	239	14	tools	tool	NOUN
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easat-10654	239	16	improving	improve	VERB
easat-10654	239	17	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-10654	239	18	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-10654	239	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	239	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	239	21	cogent	cogent	ADJ
easat-10654	239	22	education	education	NOUN
easat-10654	239	23	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	239	25	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	239	26	11	11	NUM
easat-10654	239	27	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	239	29	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	239	30	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	239	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	239	32	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-10654	239	33	2428906	2428906	NUM
easat-10654	239	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	239	35	2024	2024	NUM
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easat-10654	240	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2024.2428906	https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2024.2428906	PRON
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easat-10654	240	3	16	16	NUM
easat-10654	240	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	240	5	j.	j.	PROPN
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easat-10654	240	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	240	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	240	14	j.	j.	PROPN
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easat-10654	240	20	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-10654	240	21	–	–	PUNCT
easat-10654	240	22	student	student	NOUN
easat-10654	240	23	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-10654	240	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	240	25	a	a	DET
easat-10654	240	26	decade	decade	NOUN
easat-10654	240	27	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	240	28	research	research	NOUN
easat-10654	240	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	240	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	240	31	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-10654	240	32	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-10654	240	33	review	review	NOUN
easat-10654	240	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	240	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	240	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	240	37	22	22	NUM
easat-10654	240	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	240	39	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	240	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	241	1	271	271	NUM
easat-10654	241	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	241	3	296	296	NUM
easat-10654	241	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	241	5	2010	2010	NUM
easat-10654	241	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	242	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9127-6	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9127-6	VERB
easat-10654	243	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	243	2	17	17	NUM
easat-10654	243	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	243	4	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-10654	243	5	n.	n.	PROPN
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easat-10654	243	8	s.	s.	PROPN
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easat-10654	243	11	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10654	243	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	243	23	model	model	NOUN
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easat-10654	243	28	improve	improve	VERB
easat-10654	243	29	scientific	scientific	ADJ
easat-10654	243	30	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-10654	243	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	243	32	student	student	NOUN
easat-10654	243	33	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-10654	243	34	learning	learning	NOUN
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easat-10654	243	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	243	37	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10654	243	40	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	243	41	inovasi	inovasi	PROPN
easat-10654	243	42	pendidikan	pendidikan	X
easat-10654	243	43	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	243	45	.	.	PROPN
easat-10654	243	46	6	6	NUM
easat-10654	243	47	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	243	49	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	243	50	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	243	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	243	52	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	243	53	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10654	243	55	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	243	56	47	47	NUM
easat-10654	243	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	243	58	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10654	243	59	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	244	1	https://doi.org/10.20527/bino.v6i1.17890	https://doi.org/10.20527/bino.v6i1.17890	PROPN
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easat-10654	244	3	18	18	NUM
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easat-10654	244	10	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	244	11	based	base	VERB
easat-10654	244	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	244	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	244	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	244	15	bmj	bmj	PROPN
easat-10654	244	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	244	17	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	244	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	245	1	326	326	NUM
easat-10654	245	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	245	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	245	5	7384	7384	NUM
easat-10654	245	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	245	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	245	8	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10654	246	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	246	3	330	330	NUM
easat-10654	246	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	246	5	2003	2003	NUM
easat-10654	246	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	247	1	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7384.328	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7384.328	NOUN
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easat-10654	248	2	19	19	NUM
easat-10654	248	3	]	]	X
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easat-10654	248	9	v.	v.	PROPN
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easat-10654	248	13	h.	h.	PROPN
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easat-10654	248	21	:	:	PUNCT
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easat-10654	248	40	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10654	249	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	249	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	250	1	665	665	NUM
easat-10654	250	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	250	3	683	683	NUM
easat-10654	250	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	250	5	2005	2005	NUM
easat-10654	250	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	251	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734004-6371-z	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734004-6371-z	NOUN
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easat-10654	252	2	20	20	NUM
easat-10654	252	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-10654	252	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-10654	252	5	ragab	ragab	PROPN
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easat-10654	252	11	a.	a.	PROPN
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easat-10654	252	16	enhancing	enhance	VERB
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easat-10654	252	18	order	order	NOUN
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easat-10654	252	26	:	:	PUNCT
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easat-10654	252	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	252	29	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-10654	252	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	252	31	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10654	252	41	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10654	253	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	253	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	253	5	5	5	NUM
easat-10654	253	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	253	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	253	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	254	1	1488	1488	NUM
easat-10654	254	2	-	-	SYM
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easat-10654	254	4	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	254	6	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10654	255	2	21	21	NUM
easat-10654	255	3	]	]	PUNCT
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easat-10654	255	14	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-10654	255	15	-	-	PUNCT
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easat-10654	255	28	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10654	256	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	256	4	.	.	NOUN
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easat-10654	256	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	256	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	256	8	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10654	257	2	-	-	NUM
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easat-10654	257	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	257	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-10654	257	6	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10654	258	3	]	]	PUNCT
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easat-10654	258	5	g.	g.	PROPN
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easat-10654	258	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-10654	258	10	directed	direct	VERB
easat-10654	258	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-10654	258	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	258	13	a	a	DET
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easat-10654	258	15	-	-	PUNCT
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easat-10654	258	23	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-10654	258	24	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10654	259	2	:	:	PUNCT
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easat-10654	260	2	23	23	NUM
easat-10654	260	3	]	]	PUNCT
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easat-10654	260	7	p.	p.	PROPN
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easat-10654	260	34	:	:	PUNCT
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easat-10654	263	47	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10654	265	2	26	26	NUM
easat-10654	265	3	]	]	PUNCT
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easat-10654	266	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	266	2	27	27	NUM
easat-10654	266	3	]	]	PUNCT
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easat-10654	266	41	vol	vol	NOUN
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easat-10654	266	43	9	9	NUM
easat-10654	266	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	266	45	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	266	46	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	266	47	1	1	NUM
easat-10654	266	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	266	49	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	266	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	267	1	177	177	NUM
easat-10654	267	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	267	3	187	187	NUM
easat-10654	267	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	267	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-10654	267	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	268	1	http://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i1.20501	http://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i1.20501	X
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easat-10654	268	3	28	28	NUM
easat-10654	268	4	]	]	X
easat-10654	268	5	b.	b.	NOUN
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easat-10654	268	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	268	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	268	9	using	use	VERB
easat-10654	268	10	active	active	ADJ
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easat-10654	268	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
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easat-10654	268	14	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-10654	268	15	introductory	introductory	ADJ
easat-10654	268	16	database	database	NOUN
easat-10654	268	17	courses	course	NOUN
easat-10654	268	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	268	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-10654	268	20	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-10654	268	21	of	of	ADP
easat-10654	268	22	computing	compute	VERB
easat-10654	268	23	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-10654	268	24	in	in	ADP
easat-10654	268	25	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-10654	268	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	268	27	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	268	28	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10654	268	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	268	31	no	no	INTJ
easat-10654	268	32	.	.	NOUN
easat-10654	268	33	4	4	NUM
easat-10654	268	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	268	35	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	268	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	269	1	28	28	NUM
easat-10654	269	2	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	269	3	36	36	NUM
easat-10654	269	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	269	5	2018	2018	NUM
easat-10654	269	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	270	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	270	2	29	29	NUM
easat-10654	270	3	]	]	X
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easat-10654	270	6	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	270	9	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	270	17	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	270	28	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	270	30	in	in	ADP
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easat-10654	270	32	10th	10th	ADJ
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easat-10654	270	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	270	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-10654	270	41	production	production	NOUN
easat-10654	270	42	management	management	NOUN
easat-10654	270	43	(	(	PUNCT
easat-10654	270	44	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-10654	270	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	270	46	485	485	NUM
easat-10654	270	47	-	-	SYM
easat-10654	270	48	495	495	NUM
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easat-10654	270	50	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10654	271	2	:	:	PUNCT
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easat-10654	271	5	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	271	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	272	1	[	[	X
easat-10654	272	2	30	30	NUM
easat-10654	272	3	]	]	PUNCT
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easat-10654	272	6	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	272	42	process	process	NOUN
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easat-10654	272	44	international	international	ADJ
easat-10654	272	45	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-10654	272	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	272	47	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-10654	272	48	.	.	PROPN
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easat-10654	272	50	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	272	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	272	54	2025	2025	NUM
easat-10654	272	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	273	1	https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2025.14.13	https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2025.14.13	X
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easat-10654	274	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-10654	274	14	a	a	DET
easat-10654	274	15	tool	tool	NOUN
easat-10654	274	16	for	for	ADP
easat-10654	274	17	applying	apply	VERB
easat-10654	274	18	the	the	DET
easat-10654	274	19	cipp	cipp	PROPN
easat-10654	274	20	model	model	NOUN
easat-10654	274	21	to	to	PART
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easat-10654	274	24	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-10654	275	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-10654	275	7	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-10654	275	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-10654	276	1	https://tinyurl.com/yrz3ardf	https://tinyurl.com/yrz3ardf	NOUN
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easat-10654	277	7	k.	k.	PROPN
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easat-10654	277	32	2	2	NUM
easat-10654	277	33	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-10654	277	35	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-10654	278	2	-	-	SYM
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easat-10654	281	2	-	-	SYM
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easat-10654	285	20	the	the	DET
easat-10654	285	21	authors	author	NOUN
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easat-10654	285	25	gate	gate	NOUN
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easat-10654	286	3	]	]	PUNCT
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easat-10654	286	17	a.	a.	PROPN
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easat-10654	286	27	(	(	PUNCT
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easat-10654	286	39	in	in	ADP
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easat-10654	288	5	a.	a.	PROPN
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